1
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Gerber TS, Ridder DA, Goeppert B, Brobeil A, Stenzel P, Zimmer S, Jäkel J, Metzig MO, Schwab R, Martin SZ, Kiss A, Bergmann F, Schirmacher P, Galle PR, Lang H, Roth W, Straub BK. N-cadherin: A diagnostic marker to help discriminate primary liver carcinomas from extrahepatic carcinomas. Int J Cancer 2024; 154:1857-1868. [PMID: 38212892 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Distinguishing primary liver cancer (PLC), namely hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA), from liver metastases is of crucial clinical importance. Histopathology remains the gold standard, but differential diagnosis may be challenging. While absent in most epithelial, the expression of the adherens junction glycoprotein N-cadherin is commonly restricted to neural and mesenchymal cells, or carcinoma cells that undergo the phenomenon of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, we recently established N- and E-cadherin expression as hallmarks of normal hepatocytes and cholangiocytes, which are also preserved in HCC and iCCA. Therefore, we hypothesized that E- and/or N-cadherin may distinguish between carcinoma derived from the liver vs carcinoma of other origins. We comprehensively evaluated E- and N-cadherin in 3359 different tumors in a multicenter study using immunohistochemistry and compared our results with previously published 882 cases of PLC, including 570 HCC and 312 iCCA. Most carcinomas showed strong positivity for E-cadherin. Strong N-cadherin positivity was present in HCC and iCCA. However, except for clear cell renal cell carcinoma (23.6% of cases) and thyroid cancer (29.2%), N-cadherin was only in some instances faintly expressed in adenocarcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract (0%-0.5%), lung (7.1%), pancreas (3.9%), gynecological organs (0%-7.4%), breast (2.2%) as well as in urothelial (9.4%) and squamous cell carcinoma (0%-5.6%). As expected, N-cadherin was detected in neuroendocrine tumors (25%-75%), malignant melanoma (46.2%) and malignant mesothelioma (41%). In conclusion, N-cadherin is a useful marker for the distinction of PLC vs liver metastases of extrahepatic carcinomas (P < .01).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiemo S Gerber
- Institute of Pathology, University Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Dirk A Ridder
- Institute of Pathology, University Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Benjamin Goeppert
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, RKH Klinikum Ludwigsburg, Ludwigsburg, Germany
- Institute of Tissue Medicine and Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Brobeil
- Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philipp Stenzel
- Institute of Pathology, University Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefanie Zimmer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jörg Jäkel
- Institute of Pathology, University Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Marie Oliver Metzig
- Institute of Pathology, University Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Roxana Schwab
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Steve Z Martin
- Institute of Pathology, Charité-University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - András Kiss
- 2nd Institute of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Frank Bergmann
- Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Schirmacher
- Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter R Galle
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hauke Lang
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Wilfried Roth
- Institute of Pathology, University Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Beate K Straub
- Institute of Pathology, University Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
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2
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Malin J, Rosa-Birriel C, Hatini V. Pten, PI3K, and PtdIns(3,4,5)P 3 dynamics control pulsatile actin branching in Drosophila retina morphogenesis. Dev Cell 2024:S1534-5807(24)00203-X. [PMID: 38640926 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Epithelial remodeling of the Drosophila retina depends on the pulsatile contraction and expansion of apical contacts between the cells that form its hexagonal lattice. Phosphoinositide PI(3,4,5)P3 (PIP3) accumulates around tricellular adherens junctions (tAJs) during contact expansion and dissipates during contraction, but with unknown function. Here, we found that manipulations of Pten or PI3-kinase (PI3K) that either decreased or increased PIP3 resulted in shortened contacts and a disordered lattice, indicating a requirement for PIP3 dynamics and turnover. These phenotypes are caused by a loss of branched actin, resulting from impaired activity of the Rac1 Rho GTPase and the WAVE regulatory complex (WRC). We additionally found that during contact expansion, PI3K moves into tAJs to promote the cyclical increase of PIP3 in a spatially and temporally precise manner. Thus, dynamic control of PIP3 by Pten and PI3K governs the protrusive phase of junctional remodeling, which is essential for planar epithelial morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Malin
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Department of Developmental, Molecular & Chemical Biology, Program in Genetics, Molecular and Cellular Biology, and Program in Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 150 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Christian Rosa-Birriel
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Department of Developmental, Molecular & Chemical Biology, Program in Genetics, Molecular and Cellular Biology, and Program in Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 150 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Victor Hatini
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Department of Developmental, Molecular & Chemical Biology, Program in Genetics, Molecular and Cellular Biology, and Program in Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 150 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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3
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Lu D, Zhi Y, Su H, Lin X, Lin J, Shi Y, Yi W, Hong C, Zhang T, Fu Z, Chen LY, Zhao Z, Li R, Xu Z, Chen W, Wang N, Xu D. ESCRT-I protein UBAP1 controls ventricular expansion and cortical neurogenesis via modulating adherens junctions of radial glial cells. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113818. [PMID: 38402586 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Intricate cerebral cortex formation is orchestrated by the precise behavior and division dynamics of radial glial cells (RGCs). Endocytosis functions in the recycling and remodeling of adherens junctions (AJs) in response to changes in RGC activity and function. Here, we show that conditional disruption of ubiquitin-associated protein 1 (UBAP1), a component of endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT), causes severe brain dysplasia and prenatal ventriculomegaly. UBAP1 depletion disrupts the AJs and polarity of RGCs, leading to failure of apically directed interkinetic nuclear migration. Accordingly, UBAP1 knockout or knockdown results in reduced proliferation and precocious differentiation of neural progenitor cells. Mechanistically, UBAP1 regulates the expression and surface localization of cell adhesion molecules, and β-catenin over-expression significantly rescues the phenotypes of Ubap1 knockdown in vivo. Our study reveals a critical physiological role of the ESCRT machinery in cortical neurogenesis by regulating AJs of RGCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danping Lu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, China; College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yiqiang Zhi
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Huizhen Su
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology of First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Neuroscience, and Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
| | - Xiang Lin
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology of First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Neuroscience, and Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
| | - Jingjing Lin
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology of First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Neuroscience, and Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
| | - Yan Shi
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, China
| | - Wenxiang Yi
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Chaoyin Hong
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology of First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Neuroscience, and Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
| | - Tongtong Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Zhifei Fu
- Public Technology Service Center, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Li-Yu Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zhiqi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Rong Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhiheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wanjin Chen
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology of First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Neuroscience, and Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China.
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology of First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Neuroscience, and Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China.
| | - Dan Xu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, China.
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Christofidou ED, Tomazou M, Voutouri C, Michael C, Stylianopoulos T, Spyrou GM, Strati K. Oct4 is a gatekeeper of epithelial identity by regulating cytoskeletal organization in skin keratinocytes. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113859. [PMID: 38421873 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Oct4 is a pioneer transcription factor regulating pluripotency. However, it is not well known whether Oct4 has an impact on epidermal cells. We generated OCT4 knockout clonal cell lines using immortalized human skin keratinocytes to identify a functional role for the protein. Here, we report that Oct4-deficient cells transitioned into a mesenchymal-like phenotype with enlarged size and shape, exhibited accelerated migratory behavior, decreased adhesion, and appeared arrested at the G2/M cell cycle checkpoint. Oct4 absence had a profound impact on cortical actin organization, with loss of microfilaments from the cell membrane, increased puncta deposition in the cytoplasm, and stress fiber formation. E-cadherin, β-catenin, and ZO1 were almost absent from cell-cell contacts, while fibronectin deposition was markedly increased in the extracellular matrix (ECM). Mapping of the transcriptional and chromatin profiles of Oct4-deficient cells revealed that Oct4 controls the levels of cytoskeletal, ECM, and differentiation-related genes, whereas epithelial identity is preserved through transcriptional and non-transcriptional mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marios Tomazou
- Department of Bioinformatics, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus
| | - Chrysovalantis Voutouri
- Cancer Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 2109, Cyprus
| | - Christina Michael
- Cancer Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 2109, Cyprus
| | - Triantafyllos Stylianopoulos
- Cancer Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 2109, Cyprus
| | - George M Spyrou
- Department of Bioinformatics, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus
| | - Katerina Strati
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 2109, Cyprus.
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5
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Troyanovsky RB, Indra I, Troyanovsky SM. Characterization of early and late events of adherens junction assembly. bioRxiv 2024:2024.03.04.583373. [PMID: 38496678 PMCID: PMC10942379 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.04.583373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Cadherins are transmembrane adhesion receptors. Cadherin ectodomains form adhesive 2D clusters through cooperative trans and cis interactions, whereas its intracellular region interacts with specific cytosolic proteins, termed catenins, to anchor the cadherin-catenin complex (CCC) to the actin cytoskeleton. How these two types of interactions are coordinated in the formation of specialized cell-cell adhesions, adherens junctions (AJ), remains unclear. We focus here on the role of the actin-binding domain of α-catenin (αABD) by showing that the interaction of αABD with actin generates actin-bound CCC oligomers (CCC/actin strands) incorporating up to six CCCs. The strands are primarily formed on the actin-rich cell protrusions. Once in cell-cell interface, the strands become involved in cadherin ectodomain clustering. Such combination of the extracellular and intracellular oligomerizations gives rise to the composite oligomers, trans CCC/actin clusters. To mature, these clusters then rearrange their actin filaments using several redundant pathways, two of which are characterized here: one depends on the α-catenin-associated protein, vinculin and the second one depends on the unstructured C-terminus of αABD. Thus, AJ assembly proceeds through spontaneous formation of trans CCC/actin clusters and their successive reorganization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina B Troyanovsky
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Indrajyoti Indra
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Sergey M Troyanovsky
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60614
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6
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Ray S, DeSilva C, Dasgupta I, Mana-Capelli S, Cruz-Calderon N, McCollum D. The ability of the LIMD1 and TRIP6 LIM domains to bind strained f-actin is critical for their tension dependent localization to adherens junctions and association with the Hippo pathway kinase LATS1. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2024. [PMID: 38426816 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
A key step in regulation of Hippo pathway signaling in response to mechanical tension is recruitment of the LIM domain proteins TRIP6 and LIMD1 to adherens junctions. Mechanical tension also triggers TRIP6 and LIMD1 to bind and inhibit the Hippo pathway kinase LATS1. How TRIP6 and LIMD1 are recruited to adherens junctions in response to tension is not clear, but previous studies suggested that they could be regulated by the known mechanosensory proteins α-catenin and vinculin at adherens junctions. We found that the three LIM domains of TRIP6 and LIMD1 are necessary and sufficient for tension-dependent localization to adherens junctions. The LIM domains of TRIP6, LIMD1, and certain other LIM domain proteins have been shown to bind to actin networks under strain/tension. Consistent with this, we show that TRIP6 and LIMD1 colocalize with the ends of actin fibers at adherens junctions. Point mutations in a key conserved residue in each LIM domain that are predicted to impair binding to f-actin under strain inhibits TRIP6 and LIMD1 localization to adherens junctions and their ability to bind to and recruit LATS1 to adherens junctions. Together these results show that the ability of TRIP6 and LIMD1 to bind to strained actin underlies their ability to localize to adherens junctions and regulate LATS1 in response to mechanical tension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samriddha Ray
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biotechnology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chamika DeSilva
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biotechnology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ishani Dasgupta
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biotechnology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sebastian Mana-Capelli
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biotechnology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Natasha Cruz-Calderon
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biotechnology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dannel McCollum
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biotechnology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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7
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Lechuga S, Marino-Melendez A, Naydenov NG, Zafar A, Braga-Neto MB, Ivanov AI. Regulation of Epithelial and Endothelial Barriers by Molecular Chaperones. Cells 2024; 13:370. [PMID: 38474334 PMCID: PMC10931179 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The integrity and permeability of epithelial and endothelial barriers depend on the formation of tight junctions, adherens junctions, and a junction-associated cytoskeleton. The establishment of this junction-cytoskeletal module relies on the correct folding and oligomerization of its protein components. Molecular chaperones are known regulators of protein folding and complex formation in different cellular compartments. Mammalian cells possess an elaborate chaperone network consisting of several hundred chaperones and co-chaperones. Only a small part of this network has been linked, however, to the regulation of intercellular adhesions, and the systematic analysis of chaperone functions at epithelial and endothelial barriers is lacking. This review describes the functions and mechanisms of the chaperone-assisted regulation of intercellular junctions. The major focus of this review is on heat shock protein chaperones, their co-chaperones, and chaperonins since these molecules are the focus of the majority of the articles published on the chaperone-mediated control of tissue barriers. This review discusses the roles of chaperones in the regulation of the steady-state integrity of epithelial and vascular barriers as well as the disruption of these barriers by pathogenic factors and extracellular stressors. Since cytoskeletal coupling is essential for junctional integrity and remodeling, chaperone-assisted assembly of the actomyosin cytoskeleton is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Lechuga
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (S.L.); (A.M.-M.); (N.G.N.); (A.Z.); (M.B.B.-N.)
| | - Armando Marino-Melendez
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (S.L.); (A.M.-M.); (N.G.N.); (A.Z.); (M.B.B.-N.)
| | - Nayden G. Naydenov
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (S.L.); (A.M.-M.); (N.G.N.); (A.Z.); (M.B.B.-N.)
| | - Atif Zafar
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (S.L.); (A.M.-M.); (N.G.N.); (A.Z.); (M.B.B.-N.)
| | - Manuel B. Braga-Neto
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (S.L.); (A.M.-M.); (N.G.N.); (A.Z.); (M.B.B.-N.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Andrei I. Ivanov
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (S.L.); (A.M.-M.); (N.G.N.); (A.Z.); (M.B.B.-N.)
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8
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Esmangart de Bournonville T, Jaglarz MK, Durel E, Le Borgne R. ESCRT-III-dependent adhesive and mechanical changes are triggered by a mechanism detecting alteration of septate junction integrity in Drosophila epithelial cells. eLife 2024; 13:e91246. [PMID: 38305711 PMCID: PMC10959524 DOI: 10.7554/elife.91246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Barrier functions of proliferative epithelia are constantly challenged by mechanical and chemical constraints. How epithelia respond to and cope with disturbances of barrier functions to allow tissue integrity maintenance is poorly characterised. Cellular junctions play an important role in this process and intracellular traffic contribute to their homeostasis. Here, we reveal that, in Drosophila pupal notum, alteration of the bi- or tricellular septate junctions (SJs) triggers a mechanism with two prominent outcomes. On one hand, there is an increase in the levels of E-cadherin, F-actin, and non-muscle myosin II in the plane of adherens junctions. On the other hand, β-integrin/Vinculin-positive cell contacts are reinforced along the lateral and basal membranes. We found that the weakening of SJ integrity, caused by the depletion of bi- or tricellular SJ components, alters ESCRT-III/Vps32/Shrub distribution, reduces degradation and instead favours recycling of SJ components, an effect that extends to other recycled transmembrane protein cargoes including Crumbs, its effector β-Heavy Spectrin Karst, and β-integrin. We propose a mechanism by which epithelial cells, upon sensing alterations of the SJ, reroute the function of Shrub to adjust the balance of degradation/recycling of junctional cargoes and thereby compensate for barrier junction defects to maintain epithelial integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Esmangart de Bournonville
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes) – UMR 6290RennesFrance
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Science, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Mariusz K Jaglarz
- Department of Developmental Biology and Invertebrate Morphology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in KrakowKrakowPoland
| | - Emeline Durel
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes) – UMR 6290RennesFrance
| | - Roland Le Borgne
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes) – UMR 6290RennesFrance
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9
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Moztarzadeh S, Sepic S, Hamad I, Waschke J, Radeva MY, García-Ponce A. Cortactin is in a complex with VE-cadherin and is required for endothelial adherens junction stability through Rap1/Rac1 activation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1218. [PMID: 38216638 PMCID: PMC10786853 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51269-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Vascular permeability is mediated by Cortactin (Cttn) and regulated by several molecules including cyclic-adenosine-monophosphate, small Rho family GTPases and the actin cytoskeleton. However, it is unclear whether Cttn directly interacts with any of the junctional components or if Cttn intervenes with signaling pathways affecting the intercellular contacts and the cytoskeleton. To address these questions, we employed immortalized microvascular myocardial endothelial cells derived from wild-type and Cttn-knock-out mice. We found that lack of Cttn compromised barrier integrity due to fragmented membrane distribution of different junctional proteins. Moreover, immunoprecipitations revealed that Cttn is within the VE-cadherin-based adherens junction complex. In addition, lack of Cttn slowed-down barrier recovery after Ca2+ repletion. The role of Cttn for cAMP-mediated endothelial barrier regulation was analyzed using Forskolin/Rolipram. In contrast to Cttn-KO, WT cells reacted with increased transendothelial electrical resistance. Absence of Cttn disturbed Rap1 and Rac1 activation in Cttn-depleted cells. Surprisingly, despite the absence of Cttn, direct activation of Rac1/Cdc42/RhoA by CN04 increased barrier resistance and induced well-defined cortical actin and intracellular actin bundles. In summary, our data show that Cttn is required for basal barrier integrity by allowing proper membrane distribution of junctional proteins and for cAMP-mediated activation of the Rap1/Rac1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Moztarzadeh
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Pettenkoferstraße 11, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Sara Sepic
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Pettenkoferstraße 11, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Ibrahim Hamad
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Pettenkoferstraße 11, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Jens Waschke
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Pettenkoferstraße 11, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Mariya Y Radeva
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Pettenkoferstraße 11, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander García-Ponce
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Pettenkoferstraße 11, 80336, Munich, Germany.
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10
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Tiruppathi C, Wang DM, Ansari MO, Bano S, Tsukasaki Y, Mukhopadhyay A, Joshi JC, Loch C, Niessen HWM, Malik AB. Ubiquitin ligase CHFR mediated degradation of VE-cadherin through ubiquitylation disrupts endothelial adherens junctions. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6582. [PMID: 37852964 PMCID: PMC10584835 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42225-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin) expressed at endothelial adherens junctions (AJs) is vital for vascular integrity and endothelial homeostasis. Here we identify the requirement of the ubiquitin E3-ligase CHFR as a key mechanism of ubiquitylation-dependent degradation of VE-cadherin. CHFR was essential for disrupting the endothelium through control of the VE-cadherin protein expression at AJs. We observe augmented expression of VE-cadherin in endothelial cell (EC)-restricted Chfr knockout (ChfrΔEC) mice. We also observe abrogation of LPS-induced degradation of VE-cadherin in ChfrΔEC mice, suggesting the pathophysiological relevance of CHFR in regulating the endothelial junctional barrier in inflammation. Lung endothelial barrier breakdown, inflammatory neutrophil extravasation, and mortality induced by LPS were all suppressed in ChfrΔEC mice. We find that the transcription factor FoxO1 is a key upstream regulator of CHFR expression. These findings demonstrate the requisite role of the endothelial cell-expressed E3-ligase CHFR in regulating the expression of VE-cadherin, and thereby endothelial junctional barrier integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinnaswamy Tiruppathi
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine and The Center of Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Dong-Mei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine and The Center of Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mohammad Owais Ansari
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine and The Center of Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shabana Bano
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine and The Center of Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yoshikazu Tsukasaki
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine and The Center of Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Amitabha Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine and The Center of Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jagdish C Joshi
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine and The Center of Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Hans W M Niessen
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Asrar B Malik
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine and The Center of Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
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11
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Zheng S, Wang X, Matskova L, Zhou X, Zhang Z, Kashuba E, Ernberg I, Aspenström P. MTSS1 is downregulated in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) which disrupts adherens junctions leading to enhanced cell migration and invasion. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1275668. [PMID: 37920825 PMCID: PMC10618355 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1275668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of cell-cell adhesions is the indispensable first step for cancer cells to depart from the primary tumor mass to metastasize. Metastasis suppressor 1 (MTSS1) is frequently lost in metastatic tissues, correlating to advanced tumor stages and poor prognosis across a variety of cancers. Here we explore the anti-metastatic mechanisms of MTSS1, which have not been well understood. We found that MTSS1 is downregulated in NPC tissues. Lower levels of MTSS1 expression correlate to worse prognosis. We show that MTSS1 suppresses NPC cell migration and invasion in vitro through cytoskeletal remodeling at cell-cell borders and assembly of E-cadherin/β-catenin/F-actin in adherens junctions. The I-BAR domain of MTSS1 was both necessary and sufficient to restore this formation of E-cadherin/β-catenin/F-actin-mediated cell adherens junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixing Zheng
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxia Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Liudmila Matskova
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xiaoying Zhou
- Scientific Research Centre, Life Science Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Elena Kashuba
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- RE Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Ingemar Ernberg
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pontus Aspenström
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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12
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Smith MJ. Defining bone fide effectors of RAS GTPases. Bioessays 2023; 45:e2300088. [PMID: 37401638 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202300088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
RAS GTPases play essential roles in normal development and are direct drivers of human cancers. Three decades of study have failed to wholly characterize pathways stimulated by activated RAS, driven by engagement with 'effector' proteins that have RAS binding domains (RBDs). Bone fide effectors must bind directly to RAS GTPases in a nucleotide-dependent manner, and this interaction must impart a clear change in effector activity. Despite this, for most proteins currently deemed effectors there is little mechanistic understanding of how binding to the GTPase alters protein function. There has also been limited effort to comprehensively resolve the specificity of effector binding to the full array of RAS superfamily GTPase proteins. This review will summarize what is known about RAS-driven activation for an array of potential effector proteins, focusing on structural and mechanistic effects and highlighting how little is still known regarding this key paradigm of cellular signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Smith
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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13
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Pfannenstein A, Macara IG. A junction-dependent mechanism drives murine mammary cell intercalation for ductal elongation. Dev Cell 2023; 58:1126-1138.e4. [PMID: 37141887 PMCID: PMC10524519 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The luminal epithelium of the mammary gland is organized into monolayers; however, it originates from multilayered terminal end buds (TEBs) during development. Although apoptosis provides a plausible mechanism for cavitation of the ductal lumen, it doesn't account for ductal elongation behind TEBs. Spatial calculations in mice suggest that most TEB cells integrate into the outermost luminal layer to generate elongation. We developed a quantitative cell culture assay that models intercalation into epithelial monolayers. We found that tight junction proteins play a key role in this process. ZO-1 puncta form at the new cellular interface and resolve into a new boundary as intercalation proceeds. Deleting ZO-1 suppresses intercalation both in culture and in cells transplanted into mammary glands via intraductal injection. Cytoskeletal rearrangements at the interface are critical for intercalation. These data identify luminal cell rearrangements necessary for mammary development and suggest a mechanism for integration of cells into an existing monolayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Pfannenstein
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Ian G Macara
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA.
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14
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Kohler TN, De Jonghe J, Ellermann AL, Yanagida A, Herger M, Slatery EM, Weberling A, Munger C, Fischer K, Mulas C, Winkel A, Ross C, Bergmann S, Franze K, Chalut K, Nichols J, Boroviak TE, Hollfelder F. Plakoglobin is a mechanoresponsive regulator of naive pluripotency. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4022. [PMID: 37419903 PMCID: PMC10329048 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39515-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomechanical cues are instrumental in guiding embryonic development and cell differentiation. Understanding how these physical stimuli translate into transcriptional programs will provide insight into mechanisms underlying mammalian pre-implantation development. Here, we explore this type of regulation by exerting microenvironmental control over mouse embryonic stem cells. Microfluidic encapsulation of mouse embryonic stem cells in agarose microgels stabilizes the naive pluripotency network and specifically induces expression of Plakoglobin (Jup), a vertebrate homolog of β-catenin. Overexpression of Plakoglobin is sufficient to fully re-establish the naive pluripotency gene regulatory network under metastable pluripotency conditions, as confirmed by single-cell transcriptome profiling. Finally, we find that, in the epiblast, Plakoglobin was exclusively expressed at the blastocyst stage in human and mouse embryos - further strengthening the link between Plakoglobin and naive pluripotency in vivo. Our work reveals Plakoglobin as a mechanosensitive regulator of naive pluripotency and provides a paradigm to interrogate the effects of volumetric confinement on cell-fate transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo N Kohler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Hopkins Building, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, UK
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Joachim De Jonghe
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Hopkins Building, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, UK
| | - Anna L Ellermann
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Hopkins Building, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, UK
| | - Ayaka Yanagida
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
- Stem Cell Therapy Laboratory, Advanced Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Michael Herger
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Hopkins Building, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, UK
| | - Erin M Slatery
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3DY, UK
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Antonia Weberling
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Hopkins Building, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, UK
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Clara Munger
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Hopkins Building, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, UK
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3DY, UK
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Katrin Fischer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Hopkins Building, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, UK
| | - Carla Mulas
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
- Altos Labs, Cambridge Institute of Science, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alex Winkel
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Connor Ross
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3DY, UK
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Sophie Bergmann
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3DY, UK
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Kristian Franze
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3DY, UK
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestr. 91, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
- Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kevin Chalut
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
- Altos Labs, Cambridge Institute of Science, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jennifer Nichols
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3DY, UK
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Thorsten E Boroviak
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK.
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3DY, UK.
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK.
| | - Florian Hollfelder
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Hopkins Building, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, UK.
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15
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Pramotton FM, Abukar A, Hudson C, Dunbar J, Potterton A, Tonnicchia S, Taddei A, Mazza E, Giampietro C. DYRK1B inhibition exerts senolytic effects on endothelial cells and rescues endothelial dysfunctions. Mech Ageing Dev 2023; 213:111836. [PMID: 37301518 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2023.111836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Aging is the major risk factor for chronic disease development. Cellular senescence is a key mechanism that triggers or contributes to age-related phenotypes and pathologies. The endothelium, a single layer of cells lining the inner surface of a blood vessel, is a critical interface between blood and all tissues. Many studies report a link between endothelial cell senescence, inflammation, and diabetic vascular diseases. Here we identify, using combined advanced AI and machine learning, the Dual Specificity Tyrosine Phosphorylation Regulated Kinase 1B (DYRK1B) protein as a possible senolytic target for senescent endothelial cells. We demonstrate that upon induction of senescence in vitro DYRK1B expression is increased in endothelial cells and localized at adherens junctions where it impairs their proper organization and functions. DYRK1B knock-down or inhibition restores endothelial barrier properties and collective behavior. DYRK1B is therefore a possible target to counteract diabetes-associated vascular diseases linked to endothelial cell senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca M Pramotton
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (EMPA), Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland; Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Asra Abukar
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland; Senecell AG, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Simone Tonnicchia
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (EMPA), Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland; Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | | | - Edoardo Mazza
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (EMPA), Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland; Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Costanza Giampietro
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (EMPA), Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland; Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland; Senecell AG, Zurich 8057, Switzerland.
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16
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Rothenberg KE, Chen Y, McDonald JA, Fernandez-Gonzalez R. Rap1 coordinates cell-cell adhesion and cytoskeletal reorganization to drive collective cell migration in vivo. Curr Biol 2023:S0960-9822(23)00603-6. [PMID: 37244252 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Collective cell movements contribute to tissue development and repair and spread metastatic disease. In epithelia, cohesive cell movements require reorganization of adherens junctions and the actomyosin cytoskeleton. However, the mechanisms that coordinate cell-cell adhesion and cytoskeletal remodeling during collective cell migration in vivo are unclear. We investigated the mechanisms of collective cell migration during epidermal wound healing in Drosophila embryos. Upon wounding, the cells adjacent to the wound internalize cell-cell adhesion molecules and polarize actin and the motor protein non-muscle myosin II to form a supracellular cable around the wound that coordinates cell movements. The cable anchors at former tricellular junctions (TCJs) along the wound edge, and TCJs are reinforced during wound closure. We found that the small GTPase Rap1 was necessary and sufficient for rapid wound repair. Rap1 promoted myosin polarization to the wound edge and E-cadherin accumulation at TCJs. Using embryos expressing a mutant form of the Rap1 effector Canoe/Afadin that cannot bind Rap1, we found that Rap1 signals through Canoe for adherens junction remodeling, but not for actomyosin cable assembly. Instead, Rap1 was necessary and sufficient for RhoA/Rho1 activation at the wound edge. The RhoGEF Ephexin localized to the wound edge in a Rap1-dependent manner, and Ephexin was necessary for myosin polarization and rapid wound repair, but not for E-cadherin redistribution. Together, our data show that Rap1 coordinates the molecular rearrangements that drive embryonic wound healing, promoting actomyosin cable assembly through Ephexin-Rho1, and E-cadherin redistribution through Canoe, thus enabling rapid collective cell migration in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katheryn E Rothenberg
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada; Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Yujun Chen
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | | | - Rodrigo Fernandez-Gonzalez
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada; Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada; Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada; Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada.
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17
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Ebrahim NA, Mwizerwa ON, Ekwueme EC, Muss TE, Ersland EE, Oba T, Oku K, Nishino M, Hikimoto D, Miyoshi H, Tomotoshi K, Neville CM, Sundback CA. Porous honeycomb film membranes enhance endothelial barrier integrity in human vascular wall bilayer model compared to standard track-etched membranes. J Biomed Mater Res A 2023; 111:701-713. [PMID: 36807502 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
In vitro vascular wall bilayer models for drug testing and disease modeling must emulate the physical and biological properties of healthy vascular tissue and its endothelial barrier function. Both endothelial cell (EC)-vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) interaction across the internal elastic lamina (IEL) and blood vessel stiffness impact endothelial barrier integrity. Polymeric porous track-etched membranes (TEM) typically represent the IEL in laboratory vascular bilayer models. However, TEM stiffness exceeds that of diseased blood vessels, and the membrane pore architecture limits EC-SMC interaction. The mechanical properties of compliant honeycomb film (HCF) membranes better simulate the Young's modulus of healthy blood vessels, and HCFs are thinner (4 vs. 10 μm) and more porous (57 vs. 6.5%) than TEMs. We compared endothelial barrier integrity in vascular wall bilayer models with human ECs and SMCs statically cultured on opposite sides of HCFs and TEMs (5 μm pores) for up to 12 days. Highly segregated localization of tight junction (ZO-1) and adherens junction (VE-cadherin) proteins and quiescent F-actin cytoskeletons demonstrated superior and earlier maturation of interendothelial junctions. Quantifying barrier integrity based on transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER), membranes showed only minor but significant TEER differences despite enhanced junctional protein localization on HCF. Elongated ECs on HCF likely experienced greater paracellular diffusion than blocky ECs on TEM. Also, larger populations of plaques of connexin 43 subunit-containing gap junctions suggested enhanced EC-SMC communication across the more porous, thinner HCF. Compared with standard TEMs, engineered vascular wall bilayers cultured on HCFs better replicate physiologic endothelial barrier integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neven A Ebrahim
- Department of Surgery, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Olive N Mwizerwa
- Department of Surgery, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Emmanuel C Ekwueme
- Department of Surgery, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tessa E Muss
- Department of Surgery, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Erik E Ersland
- Department of Surgery, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Takahiro Oba
- Bioscience & Engineering Laboratories, FUJIFILM Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Keisuke Oku
- Bioscience & Engineering Laboratories, FUJIFILM Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masafumi Nishino
- Bioscience & Engineering Laboratories, FUJIFILM Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Daichi Hikimoto
- Bioscience & Engineering Laboratories, FUJIFILM Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hayato Miyoshi
- Bioscience & Engineering Laboratories, FUJIFILM Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kimihiko Tomotoshi
- Bioscience & Engineering Laboratories, FUJIFILM Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Craig M Neville
- Department of Surgery, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Cathryn A Sundback
- Department of Surgery, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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18
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Chen L, Chau WY, Yuen HT, Liu XH, Qi RZ, Lung ML, Lung HL. THY1 (CD90) Maintains the Adherens Junctions in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma via Inhibition of SRC Activation. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15072189. [PMID: 37046850 PMCID: PMC10093038 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15072189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
We had previously shown that THY1 (CD90) is a tumor suppressor in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and that its down-regulation and loss of expression are associated with tumor metastasis, yet the mechanism leading to such effects remains unknown. In this study we show that tumor invasion could be suppressed by THY1 via adherens junction formation in a few NPC cell lines, and knockdown of THY1 would disrupt this cell-cell adhesion phenotype. Mechanistically, the activity of the SRC family kinase (SFK) member, SRC, and canonical Wnt signaling were dramatically reduced when THY1 was constitutively expressed. Previous studies by others have found that high levels of SRC activity in NPCs are associated with EMT and a poor prognosis. We hypothesized that THY1 can suppress tumor invasion in NPC via inhibition of SRC. By gene silencing of SRC, we found that the in vitro NPC cell invasion was significantly reduced and adherens junctions were restored. Through proteomic analysis, we identified that platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (PDGF-Rβ) and protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 22 (PTPN22) are novel and potential binding partners of THY1, which were subsequently verified by co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) analysis. The ligand of PDGF-Rβ (PDGF-BB) could highly induce SRC activation and NPC cell invasion, which could be almost completely suppressed by THY1 expression. On the other hand, the PTPN22 siRNA could enhance both the SRC activities and the cell invasion and could also disrupt the adherens junctions in the THY1-expressing NPC cells; the original THY1-induced phenotypes were reverted when the PTPN22 expression was reduced. Together, our results identified that PTPN22 is essential for THY1 to suppress cell invasion and SRC activity, maintain tight adherens junctions, and prevent NPC metastasis. These results suggested that PDGF-Rβ and SRC can be used as drug targets for suppressing NPC metastasis. Indeed, our in vivo assay using the SRC inhibitor KX2-391, clearly showed that inhibition of SRC signaling can prevent the metastasis of NPC, indicating that targeting SRC can be a promising approach to control the NPC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luo Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Wai Yin Chau
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Hei Tung Yuen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Xiao Han Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Robert Zhong Qi
- Bioscience and Biomedical Engineering Thrust, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511400, China
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Maria Li Lung
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Hong Lok Lung
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China
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19
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Chuntharpursat-Bon E, Povstyan OV, Ludlow MJ, Carrier DJ, Debant M, Shi J, Gaunt HJ, Bauer CC, Curd A, Simon Futers T, Baxter PD, Peckham M, Muench SP, Adamson A, Humphreys N, Tumova S, Bon RS, Cubbon R, Lichtenstein L, Beech DJ. PIEZO1 and PECAM1 interact at cell-cell junctions and partner in endothelial force sensing. Commun Biol 2023; 6:358. [PMID: 37005489 PMCID: PMC10067937 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04706-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Two prominent concepts for the sensing of shear stress by endothelium are the PIEZO1 channel as a mediator of mechanically activated calcium ion entry and the PECAM1 cell adhesion molecule as the apex of a triad with CDH5 and VGFR2. Here, we investigated if there is a relationship. By inserting a non-disruptive tag in native PIEZO1 of mice, we reveal in situ overlap of PIEZO1 with PECAM1. Through reconstitution and high resolution microscopy studies we show that PECAM1 interacts with PIEZO1 and directs it to cell-cell junctions. PECAM1 extracellular N-terminus is critical in this, but a C-terminal intracellular domain linked to shear stress also contributes. CDH5 similarly drives PIEZO1 to junctions but unlike PECAM1 its interaction with PIEZO1 is dynamic, increasing with shear stress. PIEZO1 does not interact with VGFR2. PIEZO1 is required in Ca2+-dependent formation of adherens junctions and associated cytoskeleton, consistent with it conferring force-dependent Ca2+ entry for junctional remodelling. The data suggest a pool of PIEZO1 at cell junctions, the coming together of PIEZO1 and PECAM1 mechanisms and intimate cooperation of PIEZO1 and adhesion molecules in tailoring junctional structure to mechanical requirement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - David J Carrier
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | | | - Jian Shi
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Hannah J Gaunt
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | | | - Alistair Curd
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - T Simon Futers
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Paul D Baxter
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Michelle Peckham
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Stephen P Muench
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Antony Adamson
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, AV Hill Building, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Neil Humphreys
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, AV Hill Building, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Sarka Tumova
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Robin S Bon
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Richard Cubbon
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | | | - David J Beech
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
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20
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Kulikauskas MR, Oatley M, Yu T, Liu Z, Matsumura L, Kidder E, Ruter D, Bautch VL. Endothelial Cell SMAD6 Balances ACVRL1/Alk1 Function to Regulate Adherens Junctions and Hepatic Vascular Development. bioRxiv 2023:2023.03.23.534007. [PMID: 36993438 PMCID: PMC10055411 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.23.534007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
BMP signaling is critical to blood vessel formation and function, but how pathway components regulate vascular development is not well-understood. Here we find that inhibitory SMAD6 functions in endothelial cells to negatively regulate ALK1/ACVRL1-mediated responses, and it is required to prevent vessel dysmorphogenesis and hemorrhage in the embryonic liver vasculature. Reduced Alk1 gene dosage rescued embryonic hepatic hemorrhage and microvascular capillarization induced by Smad6 deletion in endothelial cells in vivo . At the cellular level, co-depletion of Smad6 and Alk1 rescued the destabilized junctions and impaired barrier function of endothelial cells depleted for SMAD6 alone. At the mechanistic level, blockade of actomyosin contractility or increased PI3K signaling rescued endothelial junction defects induced by SMAD6 loss. Thus, SMAD6 normally modulates ALK1 function in endothelial cells to regulate PI3K signaling and contractility, and SMAD6 loss increases signaling through ALK1 that disrupts endothelial junctions. ALK1 loss-of-function also disrupts vascular development and function, indicating that balanced ALK1 signaling is crucial for proper vascular development and identifying ALK1 as a "Goldilocks" pathway in vascular biology regulated by SMAD6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly R Kulikauskas
- Cell Biology and Physiology Curriculum, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Morgan Oatley
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Tianji Yu
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Ziqing Liu
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Lauren Matsumura
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Elise Kidder
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Dana Ruter
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Victoria L Bautch
- Cell Biology and Physiology Curriculum, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
- McAllister Heart Institute, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
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21
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Rangarajan ES, Smith EW, Izard T. Distinct inter-domain interactions of dimeric versus monomeric α-catenin link cell junctions to filaments. Commun Biol 2023; 6:276. [PMID: 36928388 PMCID: PMC10020564 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04610-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Attachment between cells is crucial for almost all aspects of the life of cells. These inter-cell adhesions are mediated by the binding of transmembrane cadherin receptors of one cell to cadherins of a neighboring cell. Inside the cell, cadherin binds β-catenin, which interacts with α-catenin. The transitioning of cells between migration and adhesion is modulated by α-catenin, which links cell junctions and the plasma membrane to the actin cytoskeleton. At cell junctions, a single β-catenin/α-catenin heterodimer slips along filamentous actin in the direction of cytoskeletal tension which unfolds clustered heterodimers to form catch bonds with F-actin. Outside cell junctions, α-catenin dimerizes and links the plasma membrane to F-actin. Under cytoskeletal tension, α-catenin unfolds and forms an asymmetric catch bond with F-actin. To understand the mechanism of this important α-catenin function, we determined the 2.7 Å cryogenic electron microscopy (cryoEM) structures of filamentous actin alone and bound to human dimeric α-catenin. Our structures provide mechanistic insights into the role of the α-catenin interdomain interactions in directing α-catenin function and suggest a bivalent mechanism. Further, our cryoEM structure of human monomeric α-catenin provides mechanistic insights into α-catenin autoinhibition. Collectively, our structures capture the initial α-catenin interaction with F-actin before the sensing of force, which is a crucial event in cell adhesion and human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emmanuel W Smith
- The Cell Adhesion Laboratory, UF Scripps, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Tina Izard
- The Cell Adhesion Laboratory, UF Scripps, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA.
- The Skaggs Graduate School, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA.
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22
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di Pietro F, Osswald M, De Las Heras JM, Cristo I, López-Gay J, Wang Z, Pelletier S, Gaugué I, Leroy A, Martin C, Morais-de-Sá E, Bellaïche Y. Systematic analysis of RhoGEF/GAP localizations uncovers regulators of mechanosensing and junction formation during epithelial cell division. Curr Biol 2023; 33:858-874.e7. [PMID: 36917931 PMCID: PMC10017266 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Cell proliferation is central to epithelial tissue development, repair, and homeostasis. During cell division, small RhoGTPases control both actomyosin dynamics and cell-cell junction remodeling to faithfully segregate the genome while maintaining tissue polarity and integrity. To decipher the mechanisms of RhoGTPase spatiotemporal regulation during epithelial cell division, we generated a transgenic fluorescently tagged library for the 48 Drosophila Rho guanine exchange factors (RhoGEFs) and GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs), and we systematically characterized their endogenous distributions by time-lapse microscopy. Therefore, we unveiled candidate regulators of the interplay between actomyosin and junctional dynamics during epithelial cell division. Building on these findings, we established that the conserved RhoGEF Cysts and RhoGEF4 play sequential and distinct roles to couple cytokinesis with de novo junction formation. During ring contraction, Cysts via Rho1 participates in the neighbor mechanosensing response, promoting daughter-daughter cell membrane juxtaposition in preparation to de novo junction formation. Subsequently and upon midbody formation, RhoGEF4 via Rac acts in the dividing cell to ensure the withdrawal of the neighboring cell membranes, thus controlling de novo junction length and cell-cell arrangements upon cytokinesis. Altogether, our findings delineate how the RhoGTPases Rho and Rac are locally and temporally activated during epithelial cytokinesis, highlighting the RhoGEF/GAP library as a key resource to understand the broad range of biological processes regulated by RhoGTPases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia di Pietro
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR3215, INSERM U934, Genetics and Developmental Biology, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Mariana Osswald
- IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular; i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - José M De Las Heras
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR3215, INSERM U934, Genetics and Developmental Biology, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Inês Cristo
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR3215, INSERM U934, Genetics and Developmental Biology, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Jesús López-Gay
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR3215, INSERM U934, Genetics and Developmental Biology, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Zhimin Wang
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR3215, INSERM U934, Genetics and Developmental Biology, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Pelletier
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR3215, INSERM U934, Genetics and Developmental Biology, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Gaugué
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR3215, INSERM U934, Genetics and Developmental Biology, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Adrien Leroy
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR3215, INSERM U934, Genetics and Developmental Biology, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Charlotte Martin
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR3215, INSERM U934, Genetics and Developmental Biology, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Eurico Morais-de-Sá
- IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular; i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Yohanns Bellaïche
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR3215, INSERM U934, Genetics and Developmental Biology, 75005 Paris, France.
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23
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Esmaeilniakooshkghazi A, Pham E, George SP, Ahrorov A, Villagomez FR, Byington M, Mukhopadhyay S, Patnaik S, Conrad JC, Naik M, Ravi S, Tebbutt N, Mooi J, Reehorst CM, Mariadason JM, Khurana S. In colon cancer cells fascin1 regulates adherens junction remodeling. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22786. [PMID: 36786724 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201454r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Adherens junctions (AJs) are a defining feature of all epithelial cells. They regulate epithelial tissue architecture and integrity, and their dysregulation is a key step in tumor metastasis. AJ remodeling is crucial for cancer progression, and it plays a key role in tumor cell survival, growth, and dissemination. Few studies have examined AJ remodeling in cancer cells consequently, it remains poorly understood and unleveraged in the treatment of metastatic carcinomas. Fascin1 is an actin-bundling protein that is absent from the normal epithelium but its expression in colon cancer is linked to metastasis and increased mortality. Here, we provide the molecular mechanism of AJ remodeling in colon cancer cells and identify for the first time, fascin1's function in AJ remodeling. We show that in colon cancer cells fascin1 remodels junctional actin and actomyosin contractility which makes AJs less stable but more dynamic. By remodeling AJs fascin1 drives mechanoactivation of WNT/β-catenin signaling and generates "collective plasticity" which influences the behavior of cells during cell migration. The impact of mechanical inputs on WNT/β-catenin activation in cancer cells remains poorly understood. Our findings highlight the role of AJ remodeling and mechanosensitive WNT/β-catenin signaling in the growth and dissemination of colorectal carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric Pham
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sudeep P George
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Afzal Ahrorov
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Fabian R Villagomez
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Michael Byington
- Department of Chemical and Bimolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Srijita Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Srinivas Patnaik
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jacinta C Conrad
- Department of Chemical and Bimolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Monali Naik
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Saathvika Ravi
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Niall Tebbutt
- Gastrointestinal Cancers Programs, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, and La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jennifer Mooi
- Gastrointestinal Cancers Programs, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, and La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Camilla M Reehorst
- Gastrointestinal Cancers Programs, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, and La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - John M Mariadason
- Gastrointestinal Cancers Programs, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, and La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Seema Khurana
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.,School of Health Professions, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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24
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Delgado-Bellido D, Zamudio-Martínez E, Fernández-Cortés M, Herrera-Campos AB, Olmedo-Pelayo J, Perez CJ, Expósito J, de Álava E, Amaral AT, Valle FO, Diaz AG, Oliver FJ. VE-Cadherin modulates β-catenin/TCF-4 to enhance Vasculogenic Mimicry. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:135. [PMID: 36797281 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05666-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Vasculogenic Mimicry (VM) refers to the capacity to form a blood network from aggressive cancer cells in an independent way of endothelial cells, to provide nutrients and oxygen leading to enhanced microenvironment complexity and treatment failure. In a previous study, we demonstrated that VE-Cadherin and its phosphorylation at Y658 modulated kaiso-dependent gene expression (CCND1 and Wnt 11) through a pathway involving Focal Adhesion kinase (FAK). In the present research, using a proteomic approach, we have found that β-catenin/TCF-4 is associated with nuclear VE-cadherin and enhances the capacity of malignant melanoma cells to undergo VM in cooperation with VE-Cadherin; in addition, preventing the phosphorylation of Y658 of VE-cadherin upon FAK disabling resulted in VE-Cadherin/β-catenin complex dissociation, increased β-catenin degradation while reducing TCF-4-dependent genes transcription (C-Myc and Twist-1). Uveal melanoma cells knockout for VE-Cadherin loses β-catenin expression while the rescue of VE-Cadherin (but not of the phosphorylation defective VE-Cadherin Y658F mutant) permits stabilization of β-catenin and tumor growth reduction in vivo experiments. In vivo, the concomitant treatment with the FAK inhibitor PF-271 and the anti-angiogenic agent bevacizumab leads to a strong reduction in tumor growth concerning the single treatment. In conclusion, the anomalous expression of VE-Cadherin in metastatic melanoma cells (from both uveal and cutaneous origins), together with its permanent phosphorylation at Y658, favors the induction of the aggressive VM phenotype through the cooperation of β-catenin with VE-Cadherin and by enhancing TCF-4 genes-dependent transcription.
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25
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Garnier O, Vilgrain I. Dialogue between VE-Cadherin and Sphingosine 1 Phosphate Receptor1 (S1PR1) for Protecting Endothelial Functions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044018. [PMID: 36835432 PMCID: PMC9959973 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The endothelial cells (EC) of established blood vessels in adults remain extraordinarily quiescent in the sense that they are not actively proliferating, but they fulfill the necessary role to control the permeability of their monolayer that lines the interior of blood vessels. The cell-cell junctions between ECs in the endothelium comprise tight junctions and adherens homotypic junctions, which are ubiquitous along the vascular tree. Adherens junctions are adhesive intercellular contacts that are crucial for the organization of the EC monolayer and its maintenance and regulation of normal microvascular function. The molecular components and underlying signaling pathways that control the association of adherens junctions have been described in the last few years. In contrast, the role that dysfunction of these adherens junctions has in contributing to human vascular disease remains an important open issue. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive sphingolipid mediator found at high concentrations in blood which has important roles in the control of the vascular permeability, cell recruitment, and clotting that follow inflammatory processes. This role of S1P is achieved through a signaling pathway mediated through a family of G protein-coupled receptors designated as S1PR1. This review highlights novel evidence for a direct linkage between S1PR1 signaling and the mediation of EC cohesive properties that are controlled by VE-cadherin.
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26
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Lechuga S, Braga-Neto MB, Naydenov NG, Rieder F, Ivanov AI. Understanding disruption of the gut barrier during inflammation: Should we abandon traditional epithelial cell lines and switch to intestinal organoids? Front Immunol 2023; 14:1108289. [PMID: 36875103 PMCID: PMC9983034 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1108289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Disruption of the intestinal epithelial barrier is a hallmark of mucosal inflammation. It increases exposure of the immune system to luminal microbes, triggering a perpetuating inflammatory response. For several decades, the inflammatory stimuli-induced breakdown of the human gut barrier was studied in vitro by using colon cancer derived epithelial cell lines. While providing a wealth of important data, these cell lines do not completely mimic the morphology and function of normal human intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) due to cancer-related chromosomal abnormalities and oncogenic mutations. The development of human intestinal organoids provided a physiologically-relevant experimental platform to study homeostatic regulation and disease-dependent dysfunctions of the intestinal epithelial barrier. There is need to align and integrate the emerging data obtained with intestinal organoids and classical studies that utilized colon cancer cell lines. This review discusses the utilization of human intestinal organoids to dissect the roles and mechanisms of gut barrier disruption during mucosal inflammation. We summarize available data generated with two major types of organoids derived from either intestinal crypts or induced pluripotent stem cells and compare them to the results of earlier studies with conventional cell lines. We identify research areas where the complementary use of colon cancer-derived cell lines and organoids advance our understanding of epithelial barrier dysfunctions in the inflamed gut and identify unique questions that could be addressed only by using the intestinal organoid platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Lechuga
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Manuel B. Braga-Neto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Nayden G. Naydenov
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Florian Rieder
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Andrei I. Ivanov
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, United States
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27
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Kang S, Kim J, Park A, Koh M, Shin W, Park G, Lee TA, Kim HJ, Han H, Kim Y, Choi MK, Park JH, Lee E, Cho HS, Park HW, Cheon JH, Lee S, Park B. TRIM40 is a pathogenic driver of inflammatory bowel disease subverting intestinal barrier integrity. Nat Commun 2023; 14:700. [PMID: 36755029 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36424-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The cortical actin cytoskeleton plays a critical role in maintaining intestinal epithelial integrity, and the loss of this architecture leads to chronic inflammation, as seen in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the exact mechanisms underlying aberrant actin remodeling in pathological states remain largely unknown. Here, we show that a subset of patients with IBD exhibits substantially higher levels of tripartite motif-containing protein 40 (TRIM40), a gene that is hardly detectable in healthy individuals. TRIM40 is an E3 ligase that directly targets Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinase 1 (ROCK1), an essential kinase involved in promoting cell-cell junctions, markedly decreasing the phosphorylation of key signaling factors critical for cortical actin formation and stabilization. This causes failure of the epithelial barrier function, thereby promoting a long-lived inflammatory response. A mutant TRIM40 lacking the RING, B-box, or C-terminal domains has impaired ability to accelerate ROCK1 degradation-driven cortical actin disruption. Accordingly, Trim40-deficient male mice are highly resistant to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. Our findings highlight that aberrant upregulation of TRIM40, which is epigenetically silenced under healthy conditions, drives IBD by subverting cortical actin formation and exacerbating epithelial barrier dysfunction.
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28
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Frontiers Production Office. Erratum: SIRT1 activation and its effect on intercalated disc proteins as a way to reduce doxorubicin cardiotoxicity. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1154384. [PMID: 36843934 PMCID: PMC9949604 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1154384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1035387.].
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29
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Castro-Córdova P, Otto-Medina M, Montes-Bravo N, Brito-Silva C, Lacy DB, Paredes-Sabja D. Redistribution of the Novel Clostridioides difficile Spore Adherence Receptor E-Cadherin by TcdA and TcdB Increases Spore Binding to Adherens Junctions. Infect Immun 2023; 91:e0047622. [PMID: 36448839 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00476-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile causes antibiotic-associated diseases in humans, ranging from mild diarrhea to severe pseudomembranous colitis and death. A major clinical challenge is the prevention of disease recurrence, which affects nearly ~20 to 30% of the patients with a primary C. difficile infection (CDI). During CDI, C. difficile forms metabolically dormant spores that are essential for recurrence of CDI (R-CDI). In prior studies, we have shown that C. difficile spores interact with intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), which contribute to R-CDI. However, this interaction remains poorly understood. Here, we provide evidence that C. difficile spores interact with E-cadherin, contributing to spore adherence and internalization into IECs. C. difficile toxins TcdA and TcdB lead to adherens junctions opening and increase spore adherence to IECs. Confocal micrographs demonstrate that C. difficile spores associate with accessible E-cadherin; spore-E-cadherin association increases upon TcdA and TcdB intoxication. The presence of anti-E-cadherin antibodies decreased spore adherence and entry into IECs. By enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunofluorescence, and immunogold labeling, we observed that E-cadherin binds to C. difficile spores, specifically to the hairlike projections of the spore, reducing spore adherence to IECs. Overall, these results expand our knowledge of how C. difficile spores bind to IECs by providing evidence that E-cadherin acts as a spore adherence receptor to IECs and by revealing how toxin-mediated damage affects spore interactions with IECs.
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Suzuki S, Ando F, Kitagawa S, Hara Y, Fujiki T, Mandai S, Susa K, Mori T, Sohara E, Rai T, Uchida S. ZNF185 prevents stress fiber formation through the inhibition of RhoA in endothelial cells. Commun Biol 2023; 6:29. [PMID: 36631535 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04416-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Signaling through cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) promotes endothelial barrier function to prevent plasma leakage induced by inflammatory mediators. The discovery of PKA substrates in endothelial cells increases our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in vessel maturation. In this study, we evaluate a cAMP inducer, forskolin, and a phospho-PKA substrate antibody to identify ZNF185 as a PKA substrate. ZNF185 interacts with PKA and colocalizes with F-actin in endothelial cells. Both ZNF185 and F-actin accumulate in the plasma membrane region in response to forskolin to stabilize the cortical actin structure. By contrast, ZNF185 knockdown disrupts actin filaments and promotes stress fiber formation without inflammatory mediators. Constitutive activation of RhoA is induced by ZNF185 knockdown, which results in forskolin-resistant endothelial barrier dysfunction. Knockout of mouse Zfp185 which is an orthologous gene of human ZNF185 increases vascular leakage in response to inflammatory stimuli in vivo. Thrombin protease is used as a positive control to assemble stress fibers via RhoA activation. Unexpectedly, ZNF185 is cleaved by thrombin, resulting in an N-terminal actin-targeting domain and a C-terminal PKA-interacting domain. Irreversible dysfunction of ZNF185 protein potentially causes RhoA-dependent stress fiber formation by thrombin.
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Lai HJ, Doan HT, Lin EY, Chiu YL, Cheng YK, Lin YH, Chiang HS. Histones of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Directly Disrupt the Permeability and Integrity of the Intestinal Epithelial Barrier. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2023; 29:783-797. [PMID: 36617175 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izac256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation and abundant NET-associated proteins are frequently found in the inflamed colon of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) activation is essential for the generation of NET and NET-mediated pathogenesis. However, the role of PAD4-dependent NET formation in murine inflammatory bowel disease models and the molecular mechanisms responsible for the altered gut barrier function are unknown. METHODS Wild-type and Pad4 knockout (Pad4-/-) mice were administrated 3% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in their drinking water. Caco-2 monolayers were used to test the effect of NETs on intestinal barrier function and cytotoxicity. Histones were intrarectally administrated to wild-type mice to determine their effects on intestinal barrier function and cytotoxicity in vivo. RESULTS PAD4 deficiency reduced the severity of DSS-induced colitis with decreased intestinal NET formation and enhanced gut barrier function and integrity in mice. NETs disrupted the barrier function in intestinal epithelial Caco-2 monolayers through their protein, rather than DNA, components. Pretreatment of NETs with histone inhibitors abrogated the effects on epithelial permeability. Consistent with these observations, adding purified histone proteins to Caco-2 monolayers significantly damaged epithelial barrier function, which was associated with the abnormal distribution and integrity of tight junctions as well as with increased cell death. Furthermore, intrarectal administration of histones damaged the intestinal barrier integrity and induced cytotoxicity in the mouse colon epithelium. CONCLUSIONS PAD4-mediated NET formation has a detrimental role in acute colitis. NET-associated histones directly inhibit intestinal barrier function, resulting in cytotoxicity in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan-Ju Lai
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ha T Doan
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Elliot Y Lin
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Chiu
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Kai Cheng
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-He Lin
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Sen Chiang
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Van Campenhout R, Cogliati B, Vinken M. Effects of acute and chronic disease on cell junctions in mouse liver. EXCLI J 2023; 22:1-11. [PMID: 36660194 PMCID: PMC9837383 DOI: 10.17179/excli2022-5559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Cell junctions, including anchoring, occluding and communicating junctions, play an indispensable role in tissue architecture and homeostasis. Consequently, malfunctioning of cell junctions is linked with a wide range of disorders, including in liver. The present study was set up to investigate the effects of acute and chronic disease induced by chemical compounds on hepatic cell junctions in mice. Mice were either overdosed with paracetamol or repeatedly administered carbon tetrachloride followed by sampling at 24 hours or 8 weeks, respectively. mRNA and protein expression levels of adherens, gap and tight junction components were measured in liver using reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis and immunoblot techniques, respectively. It was found that protein levels of the adherens junction building blocks β-catenin and γ-catenin, the gap junction components Cx26 and Cx32, and the tight junction constituent zonula occludens 2 were decreased, while mRNA levels of the adherens junction building block E-cadherin, and the tight junction constituent zonula occludens 2 and claudin 1 were upregulated following paracetamol overdosing. Repeated administration of carbon tetrachloride increased protein levels of E-cadherin, β-catenin, Cx26, Cx32, Cx43 and claudin 1. The latter was reflected at the mRNA level. In conclusion, acute and chronic liver disease have different effects on cell junctions in liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raf Van Campenhout
- Entity of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bruno Cogliati
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mathieu Vinken
- Entity of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium,*To whom correspondence should be addressed: Mathieu Vinken, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Entity of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium; Tel: +32-2-4774587, Fax: +32-2-4774582, E-mail:
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Serra R, Simard JM. Adherens, tight, and gap junctions in ependymal cells: A systematic review of their contribution to CSF-brain barrier. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1092205. [PMID: 37034077 PMCID: PMC10079940 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1092205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The movement of fluids and solutes across the ependymal barrier, and their changes in physiologic and disease states are poorly understood. This gap in knowledge contributes strongly to treatment failures and complications in various neurological disorders. Methods We systematically searched and reviewed original research articles treating ependymal intercellular junctions on PubMed. Reviews, opinion papers, and abstracts were excluded. Research conducted on tissue samples, cell lines, CSF, and animal models was considered. Results A total of 45 novel articles treating tight, adherens and gap junctions of the ependyma were included in our review, spanning from 1960 to 2022. The findings of this review point toward a central and not yet fully characterized role of the ependymal lining ultrastructure in fluid flow interactions in the brain. In particular, tight junctions circumferentially line the apical equator of ependymal cells, changing between embryonal and adult life in several rodent models, shaping fluid and solute transit in this location. Further, adherens and gap junctions appear to have a pivotal role in several forms of congenital hydrocephalus. Conclusions These findings may provide an opportunity for medical management of CSF disorders, potentially allowing for tuning of CSF secretion and absorption. Beyond hydrocephalus, stroke, trauma, this information has relevance for metabolite clearance and drug delivery, with potential to affect many patients with a variety of neurological disorders. This critical look at intercellular junctions in ependyma and the surrounding interstitial spaces is meant to inspire future research on a central and rather unknown component of the CSF-brain interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Serra
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Riccardo Serra
| | - J. Marc Simard
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Abstract
Cell adhesion and stable signaling regulation are fundamental ways of maintaining homeostasis. Among them, the Wnt/β-CATENIN signaling plays a key role in embryonic development and maintenance of body dynamic homeostasis. At the same time, the key signaling molecule β-CATENIN in the Wnt signaling can also function as a cytoskeletal linker protein to regulate tissue barriers, cell migration, and morphogenesis. Dysregulation of the balance between Wnt signaling and adherens junctions can lead to disease. How β-CATENIN maintains the independence of these two functions, or mediates the interaction and balance of these two functions, has been explored and debated for a long time. In this study, we will focus on five aspects of β-CATENIN chaperone molecules, phosphorylation of β-CATENIN and related proteins, epithelial mesenchymal transition, β-CATENIN homolog protein γ-CATENIN and disease, thus deepening the understanding of the Wnt/β-CATENIN signaling and the homeostasis between cell adhesion and further addressing related disease problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding-Xi Liu
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuang-Li Hao
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wan-Xi Yang
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Sveeggen TM, Abbey CA, Smith RL, Salinas ML, Chapkin RS, Bayless KJ. Annexin A2 modulates phospholipid membrane composition upstream of Arp2 to control angiogenic sprout initiation. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22715. [PMID: 36527391 PMCID: PMC10586062 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201088r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The intersection of protein and lipid biology is of growing importance for understanding how cells address structural challenges during adhesion and migration. While protein complexes engaged with the cytoskeleton play a vital role, support from the phospholipid membrane is crucial for directing localization and assembly of key protein complexes. During angiogenesis, dramatic cellular remodeling is necessary for endothelial cells to shift from a stable monolayer to invasive structures. However, the molecular dynamics between lipids and proteins during endothelial invasion are not defined. Here, we utilized cell culture, immunofluorescence, and lipidomic analyses to identify a novel role for the membrane binding protein Annexin A2 (ANXA2) in modulating the composition of specific membrane lipids necessary for cortical F-actin organization and adherens junction stabilization. In the absence of ANXA2, there is disorganized cortical F-actin, reduced junctional Arp2, excess sprout initiation, and ultimately failed sprout maturation. Furthermore, we observed reduced filipin III labeling of membrane cholesterol in cells with reduced ANXA2, suggesting there is an alteration in phospholipid membrane dynamics. Lipidomic analyses revealed that 42 lipid species were altered with loss of ANXA2, including an accumulation of phosphatidylcholine (16:0_16:0). We found that supplementation of phosphatidylcholine (16:0_16:0) in wild-type endothelial cells mimicked the ANXA2 knock-down phenotype, indicating that ANXA2 regulated the phospholipid membrane upstream of Arp2 recruitment and organization of cortical F-actin. Altogether, these data indicate a novel role for ANXA2 in coordinating events at endothelial junctions needed to initiate sprouting and show that proper lipid modulation is a critical component of these events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M. Sveeggen
- Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas, Bryan, USA
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | | | | | - Michael L. Salinas
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Robert S. Chapkin
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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Dayoub A, Fokin AI, Lomakina ME, James J, Plays M, Jacquin T, Novikov NM, Vorobyov RS, Schegoleva AA, Rysenkova KD, Gaboriaud J, Leonov SV, Denisov EV, Gautreau AM, Alexandrova AY. Inactivation of PTEN and ZFHX3 in Mammary Epithelial Cells Alters Patterns of Collective Cell Migration. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24. [PMID: 36613756 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole exome sequencing of invasive mammary carcinomas revealed the association of mutations in PTEN and ZFHX3 tumor suppressor genes (TSGs). We generated single and combined PTEN and ZFHX3 knock-outs (KOs) in the immortalized mammary epithelial cell line MCF10A to study the role of these genes and their potential synergy in migration regulation. Inactivation of PTEN, but not ZFHX3, induced the formation of large colonies in soft agar. ZFHX3 inactivation in PTEN KO, however, increased colony numbers and normalized their size. Cell migration was affected in different ways upon PTEN and ZFHX3 KO. Inactivation of PTEN enhanced coordinated cell motility and thus, the collective migration of epithelial islets and wound healing. In contrast, ZFHX3 knockout resulted in the acquisition of uncoordinated cell movement associated with the appearance of immature adhesive junctions (AJs) and the increased expression of the mesenchymal marker vimentin. Inactivation of the two TSGs thus induces different stages of partial epithelial-to-mesenchymal transitions (EMT). Upon double KO (DKO), cells displayed still another motile state, characterized by a decreased coordination in collective migration and high levels of vimentin but a restoration of mature linear AJs. This study illustrates the plasticity of migration modes of mammary cells transformed by a combination of cancer-associated genes.
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37
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Kim J. Cell Dissemination in Pancreatic Cancer. Cells 2022; 11. [PMID: 36429111 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a disease notorious for its high frequency of recurrence and low survival rate. Surgery is the most effective treatment for localized pancreatic cancer, but most cancer recurs after surgery, and patients die within ten years of diagnosis. The question persists: what makes pancreatic cancer recur and metastasize with such a high frequency? Herein, we review evidence that subclinical dormant pancreatic cancer cells disseminate before developing metastatic or recurring cancer. We then discuss several routes by which pancreatic cancer migrates and the mechanisms by which pancreatic cancer cells adapt. Lastly, we discuss unanswered questions in pancreatic cancer cell migration and our perspectives.
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Ahmad US, Uttagomol J, Wan H. The Regulation of the Hippo Pathway by Intercellular Junction Proteins. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:1792. [PMID: 36362947 PMCID: PMC9696951 DOI: 10.3390/life12111792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway is an evolutionarily conserved pathway that serves to promote cell death and differentiation while inhibiting cellular proliferation across species. The downstream effectors of this pathway, yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), are considered vital in promoting the output of the Hippo pathway, with activation of upstream kinases negatively regulating YAP/TAZ activity. The upstream regulation of the Hippo pathway is not entirely understood on a molecular level. However, several studies have shown that numerous cellular and non-cellular mechanisms such as cell polarity, contact inhibition, soluble factors, mechanical forces, and metabolism can convey external stimuli to the intracellular kinase cascade, promoting the activation of key components of the Hippo pathway and therefore regulating the subcellular localisation and protein activity of YAP/TAZ. This review will summarise what we have learnt about the role of intercellular junction-associated proteins in the activation of this pathway, including adherens junctions and tight junctions, and in particular our latest findings about the desmosomal components, including desmoglein-3 (DSG3), in the regulation of YAP signalling, phosphorylation, and subcellular translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usama Sharif Ahmad
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Jutamas Uttagomol
- Oral Diagnosis Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Hong Wan
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
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Podyacheva E, Toropova Y. SIRT1 activation and its effect on intercalated disc proteins as a way to reduce doxorubicin cardiotoxicity. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1035387. [PMID: 36408244 PMCID: PMC9672938 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1035387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization, the neoplasm is one of the main reasons for morbidity and mortality worldwide. At the same time, application of cytostatic drugs like an independent type of cancer treatment and in combination with surgical methods, is often associated with the development of cardiovascular complications both in the early and in the delayed period of treatment. Doxorubicin (DOX) is the most commonly used cytotoxic anthracycline antibiotic. DOX can cause both acute and delayed side effects. The problem is still not solved, as evidenced by the continued activity of researchers in terms of developing approaches for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular complications. It is known, the heart muscle consists of cardiomyocytes connected by intercalated discs (ID), which ensure the structural, electrical, metabolic unity of the heart. Various defects in the ID proteins can lead to the development of cardiovascular diseases of various etiologies, including DOX-induced cardiomyopathy. The search for ways to influence the functioning of ID proteins of the cardiac muscle can become the basis for the creation of new therapeutic approaches to the treatment and prevention of cardiac pathologies. SIRT1 may be an interesting cardioprotective variant due to its wide functional significance. SIRT1 activation triggers nuclear transcription programs that increase the efficiency of cellular, mitochondrial metabolism, increases resistance to oxidative stress, and promotes cell survival. It can be assumed that SIRT1 can not only provide a protective effect at the cardiomyocytes level, leading to an improvement in mitochondrial and metabolic functions, reducing the effects of oxidative stress and inflammatory processes, but also have a protective effect on the functioning of IDs structures of the cardiac muscle.
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Ortiz-Zapater E, Bagley DC, Hernandez VL, Roberts LB, Maguire TJA, Voss F, Mertins P, Kirchner M, Peset-Martin I, Woszczek G, Rosenblatt J, Gotthardt M, Santis G, Parsons M. Epithelial coxsackievirus adenovirus receptor promotes house dust mite-induced lung inflammation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6407. [PMID: 36302767 PMCID: PMC9613683 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33882-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway inflammation and remodelling are important pathophysiologic features in asthma and other respiratory conditions. An intact epithelial cell layer is crucial to maintain lung homoeostasis, and this depends on intercellular adhesion, whilst damaged respiratory epithelium is the primary instigator of airway inflammation. The Coxsackievirus Adenovirus Receptor (CAR) is highly expressed in the epithelium where it modulates cell-cell adhesion stability and facilitates immune cell transepithelial migration. However, the contribution of CAR to lung inflammation remains unclear. Here we investigate the mechanistic contribution of CAR in mediating responses to the common aeroallergen, House Dust Mite (HDM). We demonstrate that administration of HDM in mice lacking CAR in the respiratory epithelium leads to loss of peri-bronchial inflammatory cell infiltration, fewer goblet-cells and decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine release. In vitro analysis in human lung epithelial cells confirms that loss of CAR leads to reduced HDM-dependent inflammatory cytokine release and neutrophil migration. Epithelial CAR depletion also promoted smooth muscle cell proliferation mediated by GSK3β and TGF-β, basal matrix production and airway hyperresponsiveness. Our data demonstrate that CAR coordinates lung inflammation through a dual function in leucocyte recruitment and tissue remodelling and may represent an important target for future therapeutic development in inflammatory lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Ortiz-Zapater
- Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Science King's College London, London, UK
| | - Dustin C Bagley
- Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Luke B Roberts
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Thomas J A Maguire
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Felizia Voss
- Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin in the Helmholtz Assoziation (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- DZHK Partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Mertins
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Marieluise Kirchner
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Grzegorz Woszczek
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jody Rosenblatt
- Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Michael Gotthardt
- Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin in the Helmholtz Assoziation (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - George Santis
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Science King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Guy's & St Thomas NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Maddy Parsons
- Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK.
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Oviedo MJ, Ramírez E, Cifuentes M, Farkas C, Mella A, Bertinat R, Gajardo R, Ferrada L, Jara N, De Lima I, Martínez F, Nualart F, Salazar K. Is IIIG9 a New Protein with Exclusive Ciliary Function? Analysis of Its Potential Role in Cancer and Other Pathologies. Cells 2022; 11:3327. [PMID: 36291193 DOI: 10.3390/cells11203327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of new proteins that regulate the function of one of the main cellular phosphatases, protein phosphatase 1 (PP1), is essential to find possible pharmacological targets to alter phosphatase function in various cellular processes, including the initiation and development of multiple diseases. IIIG9 is a regulatory subunit of PP1 initially identified in highly polarized ciliated cells. In addition to its ciliary location in ependymal cells, we recently showed that IIIG9 has extraciliary functions that regulate the integrity of adherens junctions. In this review, we perform a detailed analysis of the expression, localization, and function of IIIG9 in adult and developing normal brains. In addition, we provide a 3D model of IIIG9 protein structure for the first time, verifying that the classic structural and conformational characteristics of the PP1 regulatory subunits are maintained. Our review is especially focused on finding evidence linking IIIG9 dysfunction with the course of some pathologies, such as ciliopathies, drug dependence, diseases based on neurological development, and the development of specific high-malignancy and -frequency brain tumors in the pediatric population. Finally, we propose that IIIG9 is a relevant regulator of PP1 function in physiological and pathological processes in the CNS.
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Ivanov AI, Lechuga S, Marino‐Melendez A, Naydenov NG. Unique and redundant functions of cytoplasmic actins and nonmuscle myosin II isoforms at epithelial junctions. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2022; 1515:61-74. [PMID: 35673768 PMCID: PMC9489603 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The integrity and functions of epithelial barriers depend on the formation of adherens junctions (AJs) and tight junctions (TJs). A characteristic feature of AJs and TJs is their association with the cortical cytoskeleton composed of actin filaments and nonmuscle myosin II (NM-II) motors. Mechanical forces generated by the actomyosin cytoskeleton are essential for junctional assembly, stability, and remodeling. Epithelial cells express two different actin proteins and three NM-II isoforms, all known to be associated with AJs and TJs. Despite their structural similarity, different actin and NM-II isoforms have distinct biochemical properties, cellular distribution, and functions. The diversity of epithelial actins and myosin motors could be essential for the regulation of different steps of junctional formation, maturation, and disassembly. This review focuses on the roles of actin and NM-II isoforms in controlling the integrity and barrier properties of various epithelia. We discuss the effects of the depletion of individual actin isoforms and NM-II motors on the assembly and barrier function of AJs and TJs in model epithelial monolayers in vitro. We also describe the functional consequences of either total or tissue-specific gene knockout of different actins and NM-II motors, with a focus on the development and integrity of different epithelia in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei I. Ivanov
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Susana Lechuga
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Armando Marino‐Melendez
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Nayden G. Naydenov
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
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Sakakibara S, Sakane A, Sasaki T, Shinohara M, Maruo T, Miyata M, Mizutani K, Takai Y. Identification of lysophosphatidic acid in serum as a factor that promotes epithelial apical junctional complex organization. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102426. [PMID: 36030821 PMCID: PMC9520027 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The apical junctional complex (AJC) consists of adherens junctions (AJs) and tight junctions and regulates epithelial integrity and remodeling. However, it is unclear how AJC organization is regulated based on environmental cues. We found here using cultured EpH4 mouse mammary epithelial cells that fetal bovine serum (FBS) in a culture medium showed an activity to promote AJC organization and that FBS showed an activity to promote tight junction formation even in the absence of AJ proteins, such as E-cadherin, αE-catenin, and afadin. Furthermore, we purified the individual factor responsible for these functions from FBS and identified this molecule as lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). In validation experiments, purified LPA elicited the same activity as FBS. In addition, we found that the AJC organization–promoting activity of LPA was mediated through the LPA receptor 1/5 via diacylglycerol–novel PKC and Rho–ROCK pathway activation in a mutually independent, but complementary, manner. We demonstrated that the Rho–ROCK pathway activation–mediated AJC organization was independent of myosin II-induced actomyosin contraction, although this signaling pathway was previously shown to induce myosin II activation. These findings are in contrast to the literature, as previous results suggested an AJC organization–disrupting activity of LPA. The present results indicate that LPA in serum has an AJC organization–promoting activity in a manner dependent on or independent of AJ proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Sakakibara
- Department of Biochemistry, Tokushima University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; Division of Pathogenetic Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Ayuko Sakane
- Department of Biochemistry, Tokushima University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; Department of Interdisciplinary Researches for Medicine and Photonics, Institute of Post-LED Photonics, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.
| | - Takuya Sasaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Tokushima University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Masakazu Shinohara
- Division of Epidemiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan; The Integrated Center for Mass Spectrometry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Maruo
- Department of Biochemistry, Tokushima University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; Division of Pathogenetic Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Muneaki Miyata
- Division of Pathogenetic Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Kiyohito Mizutani
- Division of Pathogenetic Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0047, Japan.
| | - Yoshimi Takai
- Division of Pathogenetic Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0047, Japan.
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Gerber TS, Ridder DA, Schindeldecker M, Weinmann A, Duret D, Breuhahn K, Galle PR, Schirmacher P, Roth W, Lang H, Straub BK. Constitutive Occurrence of E:N-cadherin Heterodimers in Adherens Junctions of Hepatocytes and Derived Tumors. Cells 2022; 11:cells11162507. [PMID: 36010583 PMCID: PMC9406782 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell–cell junctions are pivotal for embryogenesis and tissue homeostasis but also play a major role in tumorigenesis, tumor invasion, and metastasis. E-cadherin (CDH1) and N-cadherin (CDH2) are two adherens junction’s transmembrane glycoproteins with tissue-specific expression patterns in epithelial and neural/mesenchymal cells. Aberrant expression has been implicated in the process of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in malignant tumors. We could hitherto demonstrate cis-E:N-cadherin heterodimer in endoderm-derived cells. Using immunoprecipitation in cultured cells of the line PLC as well as in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)-lysates, we isolated E-N-cadherin heterodimers in a complex with the plaque proteins α- and β-catenin, plakoglobin, and vinculin. In confocal laser scanning microscopy, E-cadherin co-localized with N-cadherin at the basolateral membrane of normal hepatocytes, hepatocellular adenoma (HCA), and in most cases of HCC. In addition, we analyzed E- and N-cadherin expression via immunohistochemistry in a large cohort of 868 HCCs from 570 patients, 25 HCA, and respective non-neoplastic liver tissue, and correlated our results with multiple prognostic markers. While E- or N-cadherin were similarly expressed in tumor sites with vascular invasion or HCC metastases, HCC with vascular encapsulated tumor clusters (VETC) displayed slightly reduced E-cadherin, and slightly increased N-cadherin expression. Analyzing The Cancer Genome Atlas patient cohort, we found that reduced mRNA levels of CDH1, but not CDH2 were significantly associated with unfavorable prognosis; however, in multivariate analysis, CDH1 did not correlate with prognosis. In summary, E- and N-cadherin are specific markers for hepatocytes and derived HCA and HCC. E:N-cadherin heterodimers are constitutively expressed in the hepatocytic lineage and only slightly altered in malignant progression, thereby not complying with the concept of EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiemo Sven Gerber
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Dirk Andreas Ridder
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Mario Schindeldecker
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Tissue Biobank, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Arndt Weinmann
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Diane Duret
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Kai Breuhahn
- Institute of Pathology, University Clinic Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter R. Galle
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Peter Schirmacher
- Institute of Pathology, University Clinic Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wilfried Roth
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hauke Lang
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Beate Katharina Straub
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Gioelli N, Neilson LJ, Wei N, Villari G, Chen W, Kuhle B, Ehling M, Maione F, Willox S, Brundu S, Avanzato D, Koulouras G, Mazzone M, Giraudo E, Yang XL, Valdembri D, Zanivan S, Serini G. Neuropilin 1 and its inhibitory ligand mini-tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase inversely regulate VE-cadherin turnover and vascular permeability. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4188. [PMID: 35858913 PMCID: PMC9300702 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31904-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of a functional blood vessel network relies on the ability of endothelial cells (ECs) to dynamically rearrange their adhesive contacts in response to blood flow and guidance cues, such as vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) and class 3 semaphorins (SEMA3s). Neuropilin 1 (NRP1) is essential for blood vessel development, independently of its ligands VEGF-A and SEMA3, through poorly understood mechanisms. Grounding on unbiased proteomic analysis, we report here that NRP1 acts as an endocytic chaperone primarily for adhesion receptors on the surface of unstimulated ECs. NRP1 localizes at adherens junctions (AJs) where, interacting with VE-cadherin, promotes its basal internalization-dependent turnover and favors vascular permeability initiated by histamine in both cultured ECs and mice. We identify a splice variant of tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase (mini-WARS) as an unconventionally secreted extracellular inhibitory ligand of NRP1 that, by stabilizing it at the AJs, slows down both VE-cadherin turnover and histamine-elicited endothelial leakage. Thus, our work shows a role for NRP1 as a major regulator of AJs plasticity and reveals how mini-WARS acts as a physiological NRP1 inhibitory ligand in the control of VE-cadherin endocytic turnover and vascular permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Gioelli
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino School of Medicine, Candiolo (TO), Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute - Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia (FPO) Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Candiolo (TO), Italy
| | | | - Na Wei
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Giulia Villari
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino School of Medicine, Candiolo (TO), Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute - Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia (FPO) Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Candiolo (TO), Italy
| | - Wenqian Chen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Bernhard Kuhle
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Manuel Ehling
- Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
- Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Federica Maione
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino School of Medicine, Candiolo (TO), Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute - Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia (FPO) Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Candiolo (TO), Italy
| | - Sander Willox
- Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
- Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Serena Brundu
- Candiolo Cancer Institute - Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia (FPO) Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Candiolo (TO), Italy
- Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Daniele Avanzato
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino School of Medicine, Candiolo (TO), Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute - Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia (FPO) Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Candiolo (TO), Italy
| | | | - Massimiliano Mazzone
- Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
- Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
- Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Enrico Giraudo
- Candiolo Cancer Institute - Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia (FPO) Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Candiolo (TO), Italy
- Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Xiang-Lei Yang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Donatella Valdembri
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino School of Medicine, Candiolo (TO), Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute - Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia (FPO) Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Candiolo (TO), Italy
| | - Sara Zanivan
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK.
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Guido Serini
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino School of Medicine, Candiolo (TO), Italy.
- Candiolo Cancer Institute - Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia (FPO) Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Candiolo (TO), Italy.
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Hadjisavva R, Anastasiou O, Ioannou PS, Zheltkova M, Skourides PA. Adherens junctions stimulate and spatially guide integrin activation and extracellular matrix deposition. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111091. [PMID: 35858563 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadherins and integrins are intrinsically linked through the actin cytoskeleton and are largely responsible for the mechanical integrity and organization of tissues. We show that cadherin clustering stimulates and spatially guides integrin activation. Adherens junction (AJ)-associated integrin activation depends on locally generated tension and does not require extracellular matrix ligands. It leads to the creation of primed integrin clusters, which spatially determine where focal adhesions will form if ligands are present and where ligands will be deposited. AJs that display integrin activation are targeted by microtubules facilitating their disassembly via caveolin-based endocytosis, showing that integrin activation impacts the stability of the core cadherin complex. Thus, the interplay between cadherins and integrins is more intimate than what was once believed and is rooted in the capacity of active integrins to be stabilized via AJ-generated tension. Altogether, our data establish a mechanism of cross-regulation between cadherins and integrins.
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47
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Camuglia J, Chanet S, Martin AC. Morphogenetic forces planar polarize LGN/Pins in the embryonic head during Drosophila gastrulation. eLife 2022; 11:78779. [PMID: 35796436 PMCID: PMC9262390 DOI: 10.7554/elife.78779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Spindle orientation is often achieved by a complex of Partner of Inscuteable (Pins)/LGN, Mushroom Body Defect (Mud)/Nuclear Mitotic Apparatus (NuMa), Gαi, and Dynein, which interacts with astral microtubules to rotate the spindle. Cortical Pins/LGN recruitment serves as a critical step in this process. Here, we identify Pins-mediated planar cell polarized divisions in several of the mitotic domains of the early Drosophila embryo. We found that neither planar cell polarity pathways nor planar polarized myosin localization determined division orientation; instead, our findings strongly suggest that Pins planar polarity and force generated from mesoderm invagination are important. Disrupting Pins polarity via overexpression of a myristoylated version of Pins caused randomized division angles. We found that disrupting forces through chemical inhibitors, depletion of an adherens junction protein, or blocking mesoderm invagination disrupted Pins planar polarity and spindle orientation. Furthermore, directional ablations that separated mesoderm from mitotic domains disrupted spindle orientation, suggesting that forces transmitted from mesoderm to mitotic domains can polarize Pins and orient division during gastrulation. To our knowledge, this is the first in vivo example where mechanical force has been shown to polarize Pins to mediate division orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn Camuglia
- Biology Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Soline Chanet
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Adam C Martin
- Biology Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
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48
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Dissanayake WC, Shepherd PR. β-cells retain a pool of insulin-containing secretory vesicles regulated by adherens junctions and the cadherin binding protein p120 catenin. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102240. [PMID: 35809641 PMCID: PMC9358467 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The β-cells of the islets of Langerhans are the sole producers of insulin in the human body. In response to rising glucose levels, insulin-containing vesicles inside β-cells fuse with the plasma membrane and release their cargo. However, the mechanisms regulating this process are only partly understood. Previous evidence indicated reductions in α-catenin elevate insulin release, while reductions in β-catenin decrease insulin release. α- and β-catenin contribute to cellular regulation in a range of ways but one is as members of the adherens junction complex and these contribute to the development of cell polarity in b-cells. Therefore, we investigated the effects of adherens junctions on insulin release. We show in INS-1E β-cells knockdown of either E- or N-cadherin had only small effects on insulin secretion, but simultaneous knockout of both cadherins resulted in a significant increase in basal insulin release to the same level as glucose-stimulated release. This double knockdown also significantly attenuated levels of p120 catenin, a cadherin binding partner involved in regulating cadherin turnover. Conversely, reducing p120 catenin levels with siRNA destabilized both E- and N-cadherin, and this was also associated with an increase in levels of insulin secreted from INS-1E cells. Furthermore, there were also changes in these cells consistent with higher insulin release, namely reductions in levels of F-actin and increased intracellular free Ca2+ levels in response to KCl-induced membrane depolarization. Taken together, these data provide evidence that adherens junctions play important roles in retaining a pool of insulin secretory vesicles within the cell and establish a role for p120 catenin in regulating this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waruni C Dissanayake
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Peter R Shepherd
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
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49
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Del Gaudio I, Camerer E. Distinct GEFs Couple S1PR1 to Rac for Endothelial Barrier Enhancement and Lymphocyte Trafficking. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2022; 42:903-905. [PMID: 35616033 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.122.317794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Del Gaudio
- From the Université Paris Cité, Inserm, PARCC, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Eric Camerer
- From the Université Paris Cité, Inserm, PARCC, F-75015 Paris, France
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50
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Mo D, Xu S, Rosa JP, Hasan S, Adams W. Dynamic Python-Based Method Provides Quantitative Analysis of Intercellular Junction Organization During S. pneumoniae Infection of the Respiratory Epithelium. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:865528. [PMID: 35755841 PMCID: PMC9230243 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.865528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Many respiratory pathogens compromise epithelial barrier function during lung infection by disrupting intercellular junctions, such as adherens junctions and tight junctions, that maintain intercellular integrity. This includes Streptococcus pneumoniae, a leading cause of pneumonia, which can successfully breach the epithelial barrier and cause severe infections such as septicemia and meningitis. Fluorescence microscopy analysis on intercellular junction protein manipulation by respiratory pathogens has yielded major advances in our understanding of their pathogenesis. Unfortunately, a lack of automated image analysis tools that can tolerate variability in sample-sample staining has limited the accuracy in evaluating intercellular junction organization quantitatively. We have created an open source, automated Python computer script called "Intercellular Junction Organization Quantification" or IJOQ that can handle a high degree of sample-sample staining variability and robustly measure intercellular junction integrity. In silico validation of IJOQ was successful in analyzing computer generated images containing varying degrees of simulated intercellular junction disruption. Accurate IJOQ analysis was further confirmed using images generated from in vitro and in vivo bacterial infection models. When compared in parallel to a previously published, semi-automated script used to measure intercellular junction organization, IJOQ demonstrated superior analysis for all in vitro and in vivo experiments described herein. These data indicate that IJOQ is an unbiased, easy-to-use tool for fluorescence microscopy analysis and will serve as a valuable, automated resource to rapidly quantify intercellular junction disruption under diverse experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devons Mo
- Department of Biological Sciences, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA, United States
| | - Shuying Xu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States,Graduate Program in Immunology, Tufts Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Juan P. Rosa
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States,Graduate Program in Immunology, Tufts Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA, United States,Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Cayey, PR, United States
| | - Shakir Hasan
- Institute of Microbiology of the CAS, Prague, Czechia
| | - Walter Adams
- Department of Biological Sciences, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA, United States,*Correspondence: Walter Adams,
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