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Chuntharpursat-Bon E, Povstyan OV, Ludlow MJ, Carrier DJ, Debant M, Shi J, Gaunt HJ, Bauer CC, Curd A, Simon Futers T, Baxter PD, Peckham M, Muench SP, Adamson A, Humphreys N, Tumova S, Bon RS, Cubbon R, Lichtenstein L, Beech DJ. PIEZO1 and PECAM1 interact at cell-cell junctions and partner in endothelial force sensing. Commun Biol 2023; 6:358. [PMID: 37005489 PMCID: PMC10067937 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04706-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Two prominent concepts for the sensing of shear stress by endothelium are the PIEZO1 channel as a mediator of mechanically activated calcium ion entry and the PECAM1 cell adhesion molecule as the apex of a triad with CDH5 and VGFR2. Here, we investigated if there is a relationship. By inserting a non-disruptive tag in native PIEZO1 of mice, we reveal in situ overlap of PIEZO1 with PECAM1. Through reconstitution and high resolution microscopy studies we show that PECAM1 interacts with PIEZO1 and directs it to cell-cell junctions. PECAM1 extracellular N-terminus is critical in this, but a C-terminal intracellular domain linked to shear stress also contributes. CDH5 similarly drives PIEZO1 to junctions but unlike PECAM1 its interaction with PIEZO1 is dynamic, increasing with shear stress. PIEZO1 does not interact with VGFR2. PIEZO1 is required in Ca2+-dependent formation of adherens junctions and associated cytoskeleton, consistent with it conferring force-dependent Ca2+ entry for junctional remodelling. The data suggest a pool of PIEZO1 at cell junctions, the coming together of PIEZO1 and PECAM1 mechanisms and intimate cooperation of PIEZO1 and adhesion molecules in tailoring junctional structure to mechanical requirement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - David J Carrier
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | | | - Jian Shi
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Hannah J Gaunt
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | | | - Alistair Curd
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - T Simon Futers
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Paul D Baxter
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Michelle Peckham
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Stephen P Muench
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Antony Adamson
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, AV Hill Building, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Neil Humphreys
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, AV Hill Building, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Sarka Tumova
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Robin S Bon
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Richard Cubbon
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | | | - David J Beech
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
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Morley LC, Debant M, Gaunt HJ, Simpson NAB, Beech DJ. Nitric oxide synthase phosphorylation in fetoplacental endothelium is enhanced by agonism of Piezo1 mechanosensor in small for gestational age babies. Reprod Fertil 2023; 4:e220100. [PMID: 36542598 PMCID: PMC9874955 DOI: 10.1530/raf-22-0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lay summary Friction caused by blood flowing across cells that line blood vessels (endothelial cells) activates sensors of mechanical force. This produces nitric oxide (NO) which widens placental blood vessels, enabling more blood flow to the baby. This study sought to determine whether the mechanical sensor, Piezo1, is important for NO production in fetoplacental endothelial cells (FpECs) and whether the steps in this pathway are different in small for gestational age (SGA) babies, where placental blood flow is often altered. We showed that in healthy FpECs, blood flow increased NO signalling. We suggest that in SGA babies, FpECs have an increase in baseline levels of NO signalling, suggestive of a compensatory drive. Treating healthy and SGA cells with a Piezo1 chemical activator, Yoda1, upregulated NO signalling. This shows that Piezo1 is linked to NO and that in SGA, FpECs have the capacity to further increase NO. Further research will establish whether Piezo1 enhancement leads to increased blood flow in the placenta. If so, Piezo1 could be a new target for developing treatments to prevent poor growth of babies in the womb.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Morley
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, LIGHT laboratories, University of Leeds, UK
- Academic Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Level 9 Worsley Building, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Correspondence should be addressed to L C Morley:
| | - M Debant
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, LIGHT laboratories, University of Leeds, UK
| | - H J Gaunt
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, LIGHT laboratories, University of Leeds, UK
| | - N A B Simpson
- Academic Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Level 9 Worsley Building, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - D J Beech
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, LIGHT laboratories, University of Leeds, UK
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3
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Morley LC, Shi J, Gaunt HJ, Hyman AJ, Webster PJ, Williams C, Forbes K, Walker JJ, Simpson NAB, Beech DJ. Piezo1 channels are mechanosensors in human fetoplacental endothelial cells. Mol Hum Reprod 2019; 24:510-520. [PMID: 30085186 PMCID: PMC6311101 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gay033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Does the shear stress sensing ion channel subunit Piezo1 have an important mechanotransduction role in human fetoplacental endothelium? SUMMARY ANSWER Piezo1 is present and functionally active in human fetoplacental endothelial cells, and disruption of Piezo1 prevents the normal response to shear stress. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Shear stress is an important stimulus for maturation and function of placental vasculature but the molecular mechanisms by which the force is detected and transduced are unclear. Piezo1 channels are Ca2+-permeable non-selective cationic channels which are critical for shear stress sensing and maturation of murine embryonic vasculature. STUDY DESIGN, SAMPLES/MATERIALS, METHODS We investigated the relevance of Piezo1 to placental vasculature by studying human fetoplacental endothelial cells (FpECs) from healthy pregnancies. Endothelial cells were isolated from placental cotyledons and cultured, for the study of tube formation and cell alignment to shear stress. In addition, human placental arterial endothelial cells were isolated and studied immediately by patch-clamp electrophysiology. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE The synthetic Piezo1 channel agonist Yoda1 caused strong elevation of the intracellular Ca2+ concentration with a 50% effect occurring at about 5.4 μM. Knockdown of Piezo1 by RNA interference suppressed the Yoda1 response, consistent with it being mediated by Piezo1 channels. Alignment of cells to the direction of shear stress was also suppressed by Piezo1 knockdown without loss of cell viability. Patch-clamp recordings from freshly isolated endothelium showed shear stress-activated single channels which were characteristic of Piezo1. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The in vitro nature of fetoplacental endothelial cell isolation and subsequent culture may affect FpEC characteristics and PIEZO1 expression. In addition to Piezo1, alternative shear stress sensing mechanisms have been suggested in other systems and might also contribute in the placenta. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS These data suggest that Piezo1 is an important molecular determinant of blood flow sensitivity in the placenta. Establishing and manipulating the molecular mechanisms regulating shear stress sensing could lead to novel therapeutic strategies to improve blood flow in the placenta. LARGE-SCALE DATA Not applicable. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) LCM was funded by a Clinical Research Training Fellowship from the Medical Research Council and by the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, and has received support from a Wellcome Trust Institutional Strategic Support Fund. JS was supported by the Wellcome Trust and a BHF Intermediate Research Fellowship. HJG, CW, AJH and PJW were supported by PhD Studentships from BHF, BBSRC and the Leeds Teaching Hospitals Charitable Foundation respectively. All authors declare no conflict of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Morley
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, LIGHT Laboratories, University of Leeds, 6 Clarendon Way, Leeds, UK
| | - J Shi
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, LIGHT Laboratories, University of Leeds, 6 Clarendon Way, Leeds, UK
| | - H J Gaunt
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, LIGHT Laboratories, University of Leeds, 6 Clarendon Way, Leeds, UK
| | - A J Hyman
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, LIGHT Laboratories, University of Leeds, 6 Clarendon Way, Leeds, UK
| | - P J Webster
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, LIGHT Laboratories, University of Leeds, 6 Clarendon Way, Leeds, UK
| | - C Williams
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, LIGHT Laboratories, University of Leeds, 6 Clarendon Way, Leeds, UK
| | - K Forbes
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, LIGHT Laboratories, University of Leeds, 6 Clarendon Way, Leeds, UK
| | - J J Walker
- Academic Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Level 9 Worsley Building, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - N A B Simpson
- Academic Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Level 9 Worsley Building, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - D J Beech
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, LIGHT Laboratories, University of Leeds, 6 Clarendon Way, Leeds, UK
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Miteva KT, Pedicini L, Wilson LA, Jayasinghe I, Slip RG, Marszalek K, Gaunt HJ, Bartoli F, Deivasigamani S, Sobradillo D, Beech DJ, McKeown L. Rab46 integrates Ca 2+ and histamine signaling to regulate selective cargo release from Weibel-Palade bodies. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:2232-2246. [PMID: 31092558 PMCID: PMC6605797 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201810118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It is unclear how a plethora of stimuli evoke differential cargo secretion from endothelial cells to produce stimulus-appropriate responses. Miteva et al. show that Rab46 integrates histamine signaling and Ca2+ signals to regulate selective cargo release from Weibel-Palade bodies. Endothelial cells selectively release cargo stored in Weibel-Palade bodies (WPBs) to regulate vascular function, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here we show that histamine evokes the release of the proinflammatory ligand, P-selectin, while diverting WPBs carrying non-inflammatory cargo away from the plasma membrane to the microtubule organizing center. This differential trafficking is dependent on Rab46 (CRACR2A), a newly identified Ca2+-sensing GTPase, which localizes to a subset of P-selectin–negative WPBs. After acute stimulation of the H1 receptor, GTP-bound Rab46 evokes dynein-dependent retrograde transport of a subset of WPBs along microtubules. Upon continued histamine stimulation, Rab46 senses localized elevations of intracellular calcium and evokes dispersal of microtubule organizing center–clustered WPBs. These data demonstrate for the first time that a Rab GTPase, Rab46, integrates G protein and Ca2+ signals to couple on-demand histamine signals to selective WPB trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina T Miteva
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Lucia Pedicini
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Lesley A Wilson
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Izzy Jayasinghe
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Raphael G Slip
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Katarzyna Marszalek
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Hannah J Gaunt
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Fiona Bartoli
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Shruthi Deivasigamani
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Diego Sobradillo
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - David J Beech
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Lynn McKeown
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Pedicini L, Miteva KT, Hawley V, Gaunt HJ, Appleby HL, Cubbon RM, Marszalek K, Kearney MT, Beech DJ, McKeown L. Homotypic endothelial nanotubes induced by wheat germ agglutinin and thrombin. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7569. [PMID: 29765077 PMCID: PMC5953990 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25853-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial barrier formation is maintained by intercellular communication through junctional proteins. The mechanisms involved in maintaining endothelial communication subsequent to barrier disruption remain unclear. It is known that low numbers of endothelial cells can be interconnected by homotypic actin-driven tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) which could be important for intercellular transfer of information in vascular physiology. Here we sought insight into the triggers for TNT formation. Wheat germ agglutinin, a C-type lectin and known label for TNTs, unexpectedly caused striking induction of TNTs. A succinylated derivative was by contrast inactive, suggesting mediation by a sialylated protein. Through siRNA-mediated knockdown we identified that this protein was likely to be CD31, an important sialylated membrane protein normally at endothelial cell junctions. We subsequently considered thrombin as a physiological inducer of endothelial TNTs because it reduces junctional contact. Thrombin reduced junctional contact, redistributed CD31 and induced TNTs, but its effect on TNTs was CD31-independent. Thrombin-induced TNTs nevertheless required PKCα, a known mediator of thrombin-dependent junctional remodelling, suggesting a necessity for junctional proteins in TNT formation. Indeed, TNT-inducing effects of wheat germ agglutinin and thrombin were both correlated with cortical actin rearrangement and similarly Ca2+-dependent, suggesting common underlying mechanisms. Once formed, Ca2+ signalling along TNTs was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Pedicini
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Katarina T Miteva
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Verity Hawley
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Hannah J Gaunt
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Hollie L Appleby
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Richard M Cubbon
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Katarzyna Marszalek
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Mark T Kearney
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - David J Beech
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Lynn McKeown
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
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Evans EL, Cuthbertson K, Endesh N, Rode B, Blythe NM, Hyman AJ, Hall SJ, Gaunt HJ, Ludlow MJ, Foster R, Beech DJ. Yoda1 analogue (Dooku1) which antagonizes Yoda1-evoked activation of Piezo1 and aortic relaxation. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:1744-1759. [PMID: 29498036 PMCID: PMC5913400 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose The mechanosensitive Piezo1 channel has important roles in vascular physiology and disease. Yoda1 is a small‐molecule agonist, but the pharmacology of these channels is otherwise limited. Experimental Approach Yoda1 analogues were generated by synthetic chemistry. Intracellular Ca2+ and Tl+ measurements were made in HEK 293 or CHO cell lines overexpressing channel subunits and in HUVECs, which natively express Piezo1. Isometric tension recordings were made from rings of mouse thoracic aorta. Key Results Modification of the pyrazine ring of Yoda1 yielded an analogue, which lacked agonist activity but reversibly antagonized Yoda1. The analogue is referred to as Dooku1. Dooku1 inhibited 2 μM Yoda1‐induced Ca2+‐entry with IC50s of 1.3 μM (HEK 293 cells) and 1.5 μM (HUVECs) yet failed to inhibit constitutive Piezo1 channel activity. It had no effect on endogenous ATP‐evoked Ca2+ elevation or store‐operated Ca2+ entry in HEK 293 cells or Ca2+ entry through TRPV4 or TRPC4 channels overexpressed in CHO and HEK 293 cells. Yoda1 caused dose‐dependent relaxation of aortic rings, which was mediated by an endothelium‐ and NO‐dependent mechanism and which was antagonized by Dooku1 and analogues of Dooku1. Conclusion and Implications Chemical antagonism of Yoda1‐evoked Piezo1 channel activity is possible, and the existence of a specific chemical interaction site is suggested with distinct binding and efficacy domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth L Evans
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Naima Endesh
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Baptiste Rode
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Nicola M Blythe
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Adam J Hyman
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Sally J Hall
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Hannah J Gaunt
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Melanie J Ludlow
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | - David J Beech
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Webster PJ, Littlejohns AT, Gaunt HJ, Young RS, Rode B, Ritchie JE, Stead LF, Harrison S, Droop A, Martin HL, Tomlinson DC, Hyman AJ, Appleby HL, Boxall S, Bruns AF, Li J, Prasad RK, Lodge JPA, Burke DA, Beech DJ. Upregulated WEE1 protects endothelial cells of colorectal cancer liver metastases. Oncotarget 2018; 8:42288-42299. [PMID: 28178688 PMCID: PMC5522067 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Surgical resection of colorectal cancer liver metastases (CLM) can be curative, yet 80% of patients are unsuitable for this treatment. As angiogenesis is a determinant of CLM progression we isolated endothelial cells from CLM and sought a mechanism which is upregulated, essential for angiogenic properties of these cells and relevant to emerging therapeutic options. Matched CLM endothelial cells (CLMECs) and endothelial cells of normal adjacent liver (LiECs) were superficially similar but transcriptome sequencing revealed molecular differences, one of which was unexpected upregulation and functional significance of the checkpoint kinase WEE1. Western blotting confirmed that WEE1 protein was upregulated in CLMECs. Knockdown of WEE1 by targeted short interfering RNA or the WEE1 inhibitor AZD1775 suppressed proliferation and migration of CLMECs. Investigation of the underlying mechanism suggested induction of double-stranded DNA breaks due to nucleotide shortage which then led to caspase 3-dependent apoptosis. The implication for CLMEC tube formation was striking with AZD1775 inhibiting tube branch points by 83%. WEE1 inhibitors might therefore be a therapeutic option for CLM and could be considered more broadly as anti-angiogenic agents in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hannah J Gaunt
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | | | - Baptiste Rode
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | | | - Lucy F Stead
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Sally Harrison
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Alastair Droop
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.,MRC Medical Bioinformatics Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9NL, UK
| | - Heather L Martin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | | | - Adam J Hyman
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | | | - Sally Boxall
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | | | - Jing Li
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Raj K Prasad
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - J Peter A Lodge
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Dermot A Burke
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - David J Beech
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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8
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Rode B, Shi J, Endesh N, Drinkhill MJ, Webster PJ, Lotteau SJ, Bailey MA, Yuldasheva NY, Ludlow MJ, Cubbon RM, Li J, Futers TS, Morley L, Gaunt HJ, Marszalek K, Viswambharan H, Cuthbertson K, Baxter PD, Foster R, Sukumar P, Weightman A, Calaghan SC, Wheatcroft SB, Kearney MT, Beech DJ. Piezo1 channels sense whole body physical activity to reset cardiovascular homeostasis and enhance performance. Nat Commun 2017; 8:350. [PMID: 28839146 PMCID: PMC5571199 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00429-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian biology adapts to physical activity but the molecular mechanisms sensing the activity remain enigmatic. Recent studies have revealed how Piezo1 protein senses mechanical force to enable vascular development. Here, we address Piezo1 in adult endothelium, the major control site in physical activity. Mice without endothelial Piezo1 lack obvious phenotype but close inspection reveals a specific effect on endothelium-dependent relaxation in mesenteric resistance artery. Strikingly, the Piezo1 is required for elevated blood pressure during whole body physical activity but not blood pressure during inactivity. Piezo1 is responsible for flow-sensitive non-inactivating non-selective cationic channels which depolarize the membrane potential. As fluid flow increases, depolarization increases to activate voltage-gated Ca2+ channels in the adjacent vascular smooth muscle cells, causing vasoconstriction. Physical performance is compromised in mice which lack endothelial Piezo1 and there is weight loss after sustained activity. The data suggest that Piezo1 channels sense physical activity to advantageously reset vascular control.The mechanisms that regulate the body's response to exercise are poorly understood. Here, Rode et al. show that the mechanically activated cation channel Piezo1 is a molecular sensor of physical exercise in the endothelium that triggers endothelial communication to mesenteric vessel muscle cells, leading to vasoconstriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Rode
- Schools of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Jian Shi
- Schools of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Naima Endesh
- Schools of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | | | - Peter J Webster
- Schools of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Sabine J Lotteau
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Marc A Bailey
- Schools of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | | | | | | | - Jing Li
- Schools of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - T Simon Futers
- Schools of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Lara Morley
- Schools of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Hannah J Gaunt
- Schools of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | | | | | | | - Paul D Baxter
- Schools of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Richard Foster
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | | | - Andrew Weightman
- School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Sarah C Calaghan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | | | - Mark T Kearney
- Schools of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - David J Beech
- Schools of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
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9
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Rubaiy HN, Ludlow MJ, Henrot M, Gaunt HJ, Miteva K, Cheung SY, Tanahashi Y, Hamzah N, Musialowski KE, Blythe NM, Appleby HL, Bailey MA, McKeown L, Taylor R, Foster R, Waldmann H, Nussbaumer P, Christmann M, Bon RS, Muraki K, Beech DJ. Picomolar, selective, and subtype-specific small-molecule inhibition of TRPC1/4/5 channels. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:8158-8173. [PMID: 28325835 PMCID: PMC5437225 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.773556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The concentration of free cytosolic Ca2+ and the voltage across the plasma membrane are major determinants of cell function. Ca2+-permeable non-selective cationic channels are known to regulate these parameters, but understanding of these channels remains inadequate. Here we focus on transient receptor potential canonical 4 and 5 proteins (TRPC4 and TRPC5), which assemble as homomers or heteromerize with TRPC1 to form Ca2+-permeable non-selective cationic channels in many mammalian cell types. Multiple roles have been suggested, including in epilepsy, innate fear, pain, and cardiac remodeling, but limitations in tools to probe these channels have restricted progress. A key question is whether we can overcome these limitations and develop tools that are high-quality, reliable, easy to use, and readily accessible for all investigators. Here, through chemical synthesis and studies of native and overexpressed channels by Ca2+ and patch-clamp assays, we describe compound 31, a remarkable small-molecule inhibitor of TRPC1/4/5 channels. Its potency ranged from 9 to 1300 pm, depending on the TRPC1/4/5 subtype and activation mechanism. Other channel types investigated were unaffected, including TRPC3, TRPC6, TRPV1, TRPV4, TRPA1, TRPM2, TRPM8, and store-operated Ca2+ entry mediated by Orai1. These findings suggest identification of an important experimental tool compound, which has much higher potency for inhibiting TRPC1/4/5 channels than previously reported agents, impressive specificity, and graded subtype selectivity within the TRPC1/4/5 channel family. The compound should greatly facilitate future studies of these ion channels. We suggest naming this TRPC1/4/5-inhibitory compound Pico145.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Matthias Henrot
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Yasuyuki Tanahashi
- Schools of Medicine; Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Roger Taylor
- Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Foster
- Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Herbert Waldmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Physiologie, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Peter Nussbaumer
- Lead Discovery Center GmbH, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 15, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Mathias Christmann
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Katsuhiko Muraki
- School of Pharmacy, Aichi-Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan.
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10
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Ludlow MJ, Gaunt HJ, Rubaiy HN, Musialowski KE, Blythe NM, Vasudev NS, Muraki K, Beech DJ. (-)-Englerin A-evoked Cytotoxicity Is Mediated by Na+ Influx and Counteracted by Na+/K+-ATPase. J Biol Chem 2016; 292:723-731. [PMID: 27875305 PMCID: PMC5241745 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.755678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
(−)-Englerin A ((−)-EA) has a rapid and potent cytotoxic effect on several types of cancer cell that is mediated by plasma membrane ion channels containing transient receptor potential canonical 4 (TRPC4) protein. Because these channels are Ca2+-permeable, it was initially thought that the cytotoxicity arose as a consequence of Ca2+ overload. Here we show that this is not the case and that the effect of (−)-EA is mediated by a heteromer of TRPC4 and TRPC1 proteins. Both TRPC4 and TRPC1 were required for (−)-EA cytotoxicity; however, although TRPC4 was necessary for the (−)-EA-evoked Ca2+ elevation, TRPC1 was not. TRPC1 either had no role or was a negative regulator of Ca2+ entry. By contrast, both TRPC4 and TRPC1 were necessary for monovalent cation entry evoked by (−)-EA, and (−)-EA-evoked cell death was dependent upon entry of the monovalent cation Na+. We therefore hypothesized that Na+/K+-ATPase might act protectively by counteracting the Na+ load resulting from sustained Na+ entry. Indeed, inhibition of Na+/K+-ATPase by ouabain potently and strongly increased (−)-EA-evoked cytotoxicity. The data suggest that (−)-EA achieves cancer cell cytotoxicity by inducing sustained Na+ entry through heteromeric TRPC1/TRPC4 channels and that the cytotoxic effect of (−)-EA can be potentiated by Na+/K+-ATPase inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie J Ludlow
- From the Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom and
| | - Hannah J Gaunt
- From the Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom and
| | - Hussein N Rubaiy
- From the Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom and
| | - Katie E Musialowski
- From the Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom and
| | - Nicola M Blythe
- From the Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom and
| | - Naveen S Vasudev
- From the Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom and
| | - Katsuhiko Muraki
- the School of Pharmacy, Aichi-Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan
| | - David J Beech
- From the Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom and
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11
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Gaunt HJ, Vasudev NS, Beech DJ. Transient receptor potential canonical 4 and 5 proteins as targets in cancer therapeutics. Eur Biophys J 2016; 45:611-620. [PMID: 27289383 PMCID: PMC5045487 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-016-1142-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Novel approaches towards cancer therapy are urgently needed. One approach might be to target ion channels mediating Ca2+ entry because of the critical roles played by Ca2+ in many cell types, including cancer cells. There are several types of these ion channels, but here we address those formed by assembly of transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) proteins, particularly those which involve two closely related members of the family: TRPC4 and TRPC5. We focus on these proteins because recent studies point to roles in important aspects of cancer: drug resistance, transmission of drug resistance through extracellular vesicles, tumour vascularisation, and evoked cancer cell death by the TRPC4/5 channel activator (−)-englerin A. We conclude that further research is both justified and necessary before these proteins can be considered as strong targets for anti-cancer cell drug discovery programmes. It is nevertheless already apparent that inhibitors of the channels would be unlikely to cause significant adverse effects, but, rather, have other effects which may be beneficial in the context of cancer and chemotherapy, potentially including suppression of innate fear, visceral pain and pathological cardiac remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah J Gaunt
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, LIGHT Building, Clarendon Way, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Naveen S Vasudev
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, LIGHT Building, Clarendon Way, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - David J Beech
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, LIGHT Building, Clarendon Way, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
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12
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Naylor J, Minard A, Gaunt HJ, Amer MS, Wilson LA, Migliore M, Cheung SY, Rubaiy HN, Blythe NM, Musialowski KE, Ludlow MJ, Evans WD, Green BL, Yang H, You Y, Li J, Fishwick CWG, Muraki K, Beech DJ, Bon RS. Natural and synthetic flavonoid modulation of TRPC5 channels. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:562-74. [PMID: 26565375 PMCID: PMC4728423 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose The TRPC5 proteins assemble to create calcium‐permeable, non‐selective, cationic channels. We sought novel modulators of these channels through studies of natural products. Experimental Approach Intracellular calcium measurements and patch clamp recordings were made from cell lines. Compounds were generated by synthetic chemistry. Key Results Through a screen of natural products used in traditional Chinese medicines, the flavonol galangin was identified as an inhibitor of lanthanide‐evoked calcium entry in TRPC5 overexpressing HEK 293 cells (IC50 0.45 μM). Galangin also inhibited lanthanide‐evoked TRPC5‐mediated current in whole‐cell and outside‐out patch recordings. In differentiated 3T3‐L1 cells, it inhibited constitutive and lanthanide‐evoked calcium entry through endogenous TRPC5‐containing channels. The related natural flavonols, kaempferol and quercetin were less potent inhibitors of TRPC5. Myricetin and luteolin lacked effect, and apigenin was a stimulator. Based on structure–activity relationship studies with natural and synthetic flavonols, we designed 3,5,7‐trihydroxy‐2‐(2‐bromophenyl)‐4H‐chromen‐4‐one (AM12), which inhibited lanthanide‐evoked TRPC5 activity with an IC50 of 0.28 μM. AM12 also inhibited TRPC5 activity evoked by the agonist (−)‐Englerin A and was effective in excised outside‐out membrane patches, suggesting a relatively direct effect. It inhibited TRPC4 channels similarly, but its inhibitory effect on TRPC1–TRPC5 heteromeric channels was weaker. Conclusions and Implications The data suggest that galangin (a natural product from the ginger family) is a TRPC5 inhibitor and that other natural and synthetic flavonoids contain antagonist or agonist capabilities at TRPC5 and closely related channels depending on the substitution patterns of both the chromone core and the phenyl ring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aisling Minard
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Hannah J Gaunt
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Mohamed S Amer
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.,Clinical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufiya University, Shibin Al Kawm, Egypt
| | | | - Marco Migliore
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Sin Y Cheung
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - William D Evans
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Ben L Green
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Hongjun Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yun You
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | | | - Katsuhiko Muraki
- School of Pharmacy, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, 464-8650, Japan
| | - David J Beech
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Robin S Bon
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.,School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
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13
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Akbulut Y, Gaunt HJ, Muraki K, Ludlow MJ, Amer MS, Bruns A, Vasudev NS, Radtke L, Willot M, Hahn S, Seitz T, Ziegler S, Christmann M, Beech DJ, Waldmann H. (-)-Englerin A is a potent and selective activator of TRPC4 and TRPC5 calcium channels. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:3787-91. [PMID: 25707820 PMCID: PMC7116557 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201411511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Current therapies for common types of cancer such as renal cell cancer are often ineffective and unspecific, and novel pharmacological targets and approaches are in high demand. Here we show the unexpected possibility for the rapid and selective killing of renal cancer cells through activation of calcium-permeable nonselective transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) calcium channels by the sesquiterpene (-)-englerin A. This compound was found to be a highly efficient, fast-acting, potent, selective, and direct stimulator of TRPC4 and TRPC5 channels. TRPC4/5 activation through a high-affinity extracellular (-)-englerin A binding site may open up novel opportunities for drug discovery aimed at renal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasemin Akbulut
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Physiologie, Otto-Hahn-Straße 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany, Tel. +49 (0) 231-133-2400
- Technische Universität Dortmund, Fakultät Chemie, Lehrbereich Chemische Biologie, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Hannah J Gaunt
- School of Medicine, Garstang Building, Mount Preston Street, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, England, UK; Tel +44 (0) 113 34 34323
| | - Katsuhiko Muraki
- School of Pharmacy, Aichi-Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan
| | - Melanie J Ludlow
- School of Medicine, Garstang Building, Mount Preston Street, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, England, UK; Tel +44 (0) 113 34 34323
| | - Mohamed S Amer
- School of Medicine, Garstang Building, Mount Preston Street, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, England, UK; Tel +44 (0) 113 34 34323
- Clinical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufiya University, Egypt
| | - Alexander Bruns
- School of Medicine, Garstang Building, Mount Preston Street, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, England, UK; Tel +44 (0) 113 34 34323
| | - Naveen S Vasudev
- School of Medicine, Garstang Building, Mount Preston Street, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, England, UK; Tel +44 (0) 113 34 34323
| | - Lea Radtke
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany, Tel +49 (0) 30 83860182
| | - Matthieu Willot
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany, Tel +49 (0) 30 83860182
| | - Sven Hahn
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany, Tel +49 (0) 30 83860182
| | - Tobias Seitz
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany, Tel +49 (0) 30 83860182
| | - Slava Ziegler
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Physiologie, Otto-Hahn-Straße 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany, Tel. +49 (0) 231-133-2400
| | - Mathias Christmann
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany, Tel +49 (0) 30 83860182
| | - David J Beech
- School of Medicine, Garstang Building, Mount Preston Street, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, England, UK; Tel +44 (0) 113 34 34323
| | - Herbert Waldmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Physiologie, Otto-Hahn-Straße 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany, Tel. +49 (0) 231-133-2400
- Technische Universität Dortmund, Fakultät Chemie, Lehrbereich Chemische Biologie, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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14
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Akbulut Y, Gaunt HJ, Muraki K, Ludlow MJ, Amer MS, Bruns A, Vasudev NS, Radtke L, Willot M, Hahn S, Seitz T, Ziegler S, Christmann M, Beech DJ, Waldmann H. (−)-Englerin A is a Potent and Selective Activator of TRPC4 and TRPC5 Calcium Channels. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201411511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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