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Parsonage G, Cuthbertson K, Endesh N, Murciano N, Hyman AJ, Revill CH, Povstyan OV, Chuntharpursat‐Bon E, Debant M, Ludlow MJ, Futers TS, Lichtenstein L, Kinsella JA, Bartoli F, Rotordam MG, Becker N, Brüggemann A, Foster R, Beech DJ. Improved PIEZO1 agonism through 4-benzoic acid modification of Yoda1. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:2039-2063. [PMID: 36457143 PMCID: PMC10952572 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The protein PIEZO1 forms mechanically activated, calcium-permeable, non-selective cation channels in numerous cell types from several species. Options for pharmacological modulation are limited and so we modified a small-molecule agonist at PIEZO1 channels (Yoda1) to increase the ability to modulate these channels. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Medicinal chemistry generated Yoda1 analogues that were tested in intracellular calcium and patch-clamp assays on cultured cells exogenously expressing human or mouse PIEZO1 or mouse PIEZO2. Physicochemical assays and wire myography assays on veins from mice with genetic disruption of PIEZO1. KEY RESULTS A Yoda1 analogue (KC159) containing 4-benzoic acid instead of the pyrazine of Yoda1 and its potassium salt (KC289) have equivalent or improved reliability, efficacy and potency, compared with Yoda1 in functional assays. Tested against overexpressed mouse PIEZO1 in calcium assays, the order of potency (as EC50 values, nM) was KC289, 150 > KC159 280 > Yoda1, 600). These compounds were selective for PIEZO1 over other membrane proteins, and the physicochemical properties were more suited to physiological conditions than those of Yoda1. The vasorelaxant effects were consistent with PIEZO1 agonism. In contrast, substitution with 2-benzoic acid failed to generate a modulator. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS 4-Benzoic acid modification of Yoda1 improves PIEZO1 agonist activity at PIEZO1 channels. We suggest naming this new modulator Yoda2. It should be a useful tool compound in physiological assays and facilitate efforts to identify a binding site. Such compounds may have therapeutic potential, for example, in diseases linked genetically to PIEZO1 such as lymphatic dysplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Parsonage
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of MedicineUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | | | - Naima Endesh
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of MedicineUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - Nicoletta Murciano
- Nanion Technologies GmbHMunichGermany
- Theoretical Medicine and BiosciencesSaarland UniversityHomburgGermany
| | - Adam J. Hyman
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of MedicineUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | | | - Oleksandr V. Povstyan
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of MedicineUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | | | - Marjolaine Debant
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of MedicineUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - Melanie J. Ludlow
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of MedicineUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - Timothy Simon Futers
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of MedicineUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - Laeticia Lichtenstein
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of MedicineUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - Jacob A. Kinsella
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of MedicineUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - Fiona Bartoli
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of MedicineUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - Maria Giustina Rotordam
- Nanion Technologies GmbHMunichGermany
- Theoretical Medicine and BiosciencesSaarland UniversityHomburgGermany
| | | | | | | | - David J. Beech
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of MedicineUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
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2
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Deivasikamani V, Dhayalan S, Abudushalamu Y, Mughal R, Visnagri A, Cuthbertson K, Scragg JL, Munsey TS, Viswambharan H, Muraki K, Foster R, Sivaprasadarao A, Kearney MT, Beech DJ, Sukumar P. Piezo1 channel activation mimics high glucose as a stimulator of insulin release. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16876. [PMID: 31727906 PMCID: PMC6856185 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51518-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose and hypotonicity induced cell swelling stimulate insulin release from pancreatic β-cells but the mechanisms are poorly understood. Recently, Piezo1 was identified as a mechanically-activated nonselective Ca2+ permeable cationic channel in a range of mammalian cells. As cell swelling induced insulin release could be through stimulation of Ca2+ permeable stretch activated channels, we hypothesised a role for Piezo1 in cell swelling induced insulin release. Two rat β-cell lines (INS-1 and BRIN-BD11) and freshly-isolated mouse pancreatic islets were studied. Intracellular Ca2+ measurements were performed using the fura-2 Ca2+ indicator dye and ionic current was recorded by whole cell patch-clamp. Piezo1 agonist Yoda1, a competitive antagonist of Yoda1 (Dooku1) and an inactive analogue of Yoda1 (2e) were used as chemical probes. Piezo1 mRNA and insulin secretion were measured by RT-PCR and ELISA respectively. Piezo1 mRNA was detected in both β-cell lines and mouse islets. Yoda1 evoked Ca2+ entry was inhibited by Yoda1 antagonist Dooku1 as well as other Piezo1 inhibitors gadolinium and ruthenium red, and not mimicked by 2e. Yoda1, but not 2e, stimulated Dooku1-sensitive insulin release from β-cells and pancreatic islets. Hypotonicity and high glucose increased intracellular Ca2+ and enhanced Yoda1 Ca2+ influx responses. Yoda1 and hypotonicity induced insulin release were significantly inhibited by Piezo1 specific siRNA. Pancreatic islets from mice with haploinsufficiency of Piezo1 released less insulin upon exposure to Yoda1. The data show that Piezo1 channel agonist induces insulin release from β-cell lines and mouse pancreatic islets suggesting a role for Piezo1 in cell swelling induced insulin release. Hence Piezo1 agonists have the potential to be used as enhancers of insulin release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayalakshmi Deivasikamani
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Savitha Dhayalan
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Yilizila Abudushalamu
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Romana Mughal
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Asjad Visnagri
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Cuthbertson
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Jason L Scragg
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Tim S Munsey
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Hema Viswambharan
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Katsuhiko Muraki
- School of Pharmacy, Aichi-Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8650, Japan
| | - Richard Foster
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Asipu Sivaprasadarao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Mark T Kearney
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - David J Beech
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Piruthivi Sukumar
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.
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3
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Blythe NM, Muraki K, Ludlow MJ, Stylianidis V, Gilbert HTJ, Evans EL, Cuthbertson K, Foster R, Swift J, Li J, Drinkhill MJ, van Nieuwenhoven FA, Porter KE, Beech DJ, Turner NA. Mechanically activated Piezo1 channels of cardiac fibroblasts stimulate p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activity and interleukin-6 secretion. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:17395-17408. [PMID: 31586031 PMCID: PMC6873183 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.009167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Piezo1 is a mechanosensitive cation channel with widespread physiological importance; however, its role in the heart is poorly understood. Cardiac fibroblasts help preserve myocardial integrity and play a key role in regulating its repair and remodeling following stress or injury. Here we investigated Piezo1 expression and function in cultured human and mouse cardiac fibroblasts. RT-PCR experiments confirmed that Piezo1 mRNA in cardiac fibroblasts is expressed at levels similar to those in endothelial cells. The results of a Fura-2 intracellular Ca2+ assay validated Piezo1 as a functional ion channel that is activated by its agonist, Yoda1. Yoda1-induced Ca2+ entry was inhibited by Piezo1 blockers (gadolinium and ruthenium red) and was reduced proportionally by siRNA-mediated Piezo1 knockdown or in murine Piezo1+/− cells. Results from cell-attached patch clamp recordings on human cardiac fibroblasts established that they contain mechanically activated ion channels and that their pressure responses are reduced by Piezo1 knockdown. Investigation of Yoda1 effects on selected remodeling genes indicated that Piezo1 activation increases both mRNA levels and protein secretion of IL-6, a pro-hypertrophic and profibrotic cytokine, in a Piezo1-dependent manner. Moreover, Piezo1 knockdown reduced basal IL-6 expression from cells cultured on softer collagen-coated substrates. Multiplex kinase activity profiling combined with kinase inhibitor experiments and phosphospecific immunoblotting established that Piezo1 activation stimulates IL-6 secretion via the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase downstream of Ca2+ entry. In summary, cardiac fibroblasts express mechanically activated Piezo1 channels coupled to secretion of the paracrine signaling molecule IL-6. Piezo1 may therefore be important in regulating cardiac remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola M Blythe
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.,Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Katsuhiko Muraki
- Laboratory of Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Aichi-Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan
| | - Melanie J Ludlow
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.,Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Vasili Stylianidis
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.,Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.,Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht 6200MD, The Netherlands
| | - Hamish T J Gilbert
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of[c27c]áBiological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester,[c27c]áM13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth L Evans
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.,Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Cuthbertson
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Foster
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Joe Swift
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of[c27c]áBiological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester,[c27c]áM13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Jing Li
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.,Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Mark J Drinkhill
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.,Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Frans A van Nieuwenhoven
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht 6200MD, The Netherlands
| | - Karen E Porter
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.,Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - David J Beech
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.,Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Neil A Turner
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom .,Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
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4
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Evans EL, Cuthbertson K, Endesh N, Rode B, Blythe NM, Hyman AJ, Hall SJ, Gaunt HJ, Ludlow MJ, Foster R, Beech DJ. Yoda1 analogue (Dooku1) which antagonizes Yoda1-evoked activation of Piezo1 and aortic relaxation. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:1744-1759. [PMID: 29498036 PMCID: PMC5913400 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose The mechanosensitive Piezo1 channel has important roles in vascular physiology and disease. Yoda1 is a small‐molecule agonist, but the pharmacology of these channels is otherwise limited. Experimental Approach Yoda1 analogues were generated by synthetic chemistry. Intracellular Ca2+ and Tl+ measurements were made in HEK 293 or CHO cell lines overexpressing channel subunits and in HUVECs, which natively express Piezo1. Isometric tension recordings were made from rings of mouse thoracic aorta. Key Results Modification of the pyrazine ring of Yoda1 yielded an analogue, which lacked agonist activity but reversibly antagonized Yoda1. The analogue is referred to as Dooku1. Dooku1 inhibited 2 μM Yoda1‐induced Ca2+‐entry with IC50s of 1.3 μM (HEK 293 cells) and 1.5 μM (HUVECs) yet failed to inhibit constitutive Piezo1 channel activity. It had no effect on endogenous ATP‐evoked Ca2+ elevation or store‐operated Ca2+ entry in HEK 293 cells or Ca2+ entry through TRPV4 or TRPC4 channels overexpressed in CHO and HEK 293 cells. Yoda1 caused dose‐dependent relaxation of aortic rings, which was mediated by an endothelium‐ and NO‐dependent mechanism and which was antagonized by Dooku1 and analogues of Dooku1. Conclusion and Implications Chemical antagonism of Yoda1‐evoked Piezo1 channel activity is possible, and the existence of a specific chemical interaction site is suggested with distinct binding and efficacy domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth L Evans
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Naima Endesh
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Baptiste Rode
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Nicola M Blythe
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Adam J Hyman
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Sally J Hall
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Hannah J Gaunt
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Melanie J Ludlow
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | - David J Beech
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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5
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Rode B, Shi J, Endesh N, Drinkhill MJ, Webster PJ, Lotteau SJ, Bailey MA, Yuldasheva NY, Ludlow MJ, Cubbon RM, Li J, Futers TS, Morley L, Gaunt HJ, Marszalek K, Viswambharan H, Cuthbertson K, Baxter PD, Foster R, Sukumar P, Weightman A, Calaghan SC, Wheatcroft SB, Kearney MT, Beech DJ. Piezo1 channels sense whole body physical activity to reset cardiovascular homeostasis and enhance performance. Nat Commun 2017; 8:350. [PMID: 28839146 PMCID: PMC5571199 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00429-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian biology adapts to physical activity but the molecular mechanisms sensing the activity remain enigmatic. Recent studies have revealed how Piezo1 protein senses mechanical force to enable vascular development. Here, we address Piezo1 in adult endothelium, the major control site in physical activity. Mice without endothelial Piezo1 lack obvious phenotype but close inspection reveals a specific effect on endothelium-dependent relaxation in mesenteric resistance artery. Strikingly, the Piezo1 is required for elevated blood pressure during whole body physical activity but not blood pressure during inactivity. Piezo1 is responsible for flow-sensitive non-inactivating non-selective cationic channels which depolarize the membrane potential. As fluid flow increases, depolarization increases to activate voltage-gated Ca2+ channels in the adjacent vascular smooth muscle cells, causing vasoconstriction. Physical performance is compromised in mice which lack endothelial Piezo1 and there is weight loss after sustained activity. The data suggest that Piezo1 channels sense physical activity to advantageously reset vascular control.The mechanisms that regulate the body's response to exercise are poorly understood. Here, Rode et al. show that the mechanically activated cation channel Piezo1 is a molecular sensor of physical exercise in the endothelium that triggers endothelial communication to mesenteric vessel muscle cells, leading to vasoconstriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Rode
- Schools of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Jian Shi
- Schools of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Naima Endesh
- Schools of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | | | - Peter J Webster
- Schools of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Sabine J Lotteau
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Marc A Bailey
- Schools of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | | | | | | | - Jing Li
- Schools of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - T Simon Futers
- Schools of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Lara Morley
- Schools of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Hannah J Gaunt
- Schools of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | | | | | | | - Paul D Baxter
- Schools of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Richard Foster
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | | | - Andrew Weightman
- School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Sarah C Calaghan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | | | - Mark T Kearney
- Schools of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - David J Beech
- Schools of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
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Cuthbertson K, Foreman-peck J, Gripaios P. The effects of local authority fiscal decisions on population levels in urban areas. Reg Stud 1982; 16:165-170. [PMID: 12265132 DOI: 10.1080/09595238200185191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This is a study on the effects of local authority fiscal decisions on population levels in urban areas of the United Kingdom. The authors examine whether discriminatory local fiscal policies have an important effect on borough population levels by presenting a simple model of population determination and testing it with 1971 cross-sectional data for the 32 London boroughs. "The results suggest that both expenditure and tax policies do have important effects on population levels, the composite effects depending on the extent to which expenditure is financed from domestic rates."
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