51
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Gopakumar G, Muchová E, Unger I, Malerz S, Trinter F, Öhrwall G, Lipparini F, Mennucci B, Céolin D, Caleman C, Wilkinson I, Winter B, Slavíček P, Hergenhahn U, Björneholm O. Probing aqueous ions with non-local Auger relaxation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:8661-8671. [PMID: 35356960 PMCID: PMC9007223 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00227b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Non-local analogues of Auger decay are increasingly recognized as important relaxation processes in the condensed phase. Here, we explore non-local autoionization, specifically Intermolecular Coulombic Decay (ICD), of a series of aqueous-phase isoelectronic cations following 1s core-level ionization. In particular, we focus on Na+, Mg2+, and Al3+ ions. We unambiguously identify the ICD contribution to the K-edge Auger spectrum. The different strength of the ion-water interactions is manifested by varying intensities of the respective signals: the ICD signal intensity is greatest for the Al3+ case, weaker for Mg2+, and absent for weakly-solvent-bound Na+. With the assistance of ab initio calculations and molecular dynamics simulations, we provide a microscopic understanding of the non-local decay processes. We assign the ICD signals to decay processes ending in two-hole states, delocalized between the central ion and neighbouring water. Importantly, these processes are shown to be highly selective with respect to the promoted water solvent ionization channels. Furthermore, using a core-hole-clock analysis, the associated ICD timescales are estimated to be around 76 fs for Mg2+ and 34 fs for Al3+. Building on these results, we argue that Auger and ICD spectroscopy represents a unique tool for the exploration of intra- and inter-molecular structure in the liquid phase, simultaneously providing both structural and electronic information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geethanjali Gopakumar
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Eva Muchová
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, Prague 6, 166 28, Czech Republic.
| | - Isaak Unger
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden.
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Malerz
- Molecular Physics Department, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Florian Trinter
- Molecular Physics Department, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Gunnar Öhrwall
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Box 118, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Filippo Lipparini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Benedetta Mennucci
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Denis Céolin
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, Paris, France
| | - Carl Caleman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden.
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Iain Wilkinson
- Department of Locally-Sensitive & Time-Resolved Spectroscopy, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Winter
- Molecular Physics Department, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Petr Slavíček
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, Prague 6, 166 28, Czech Republic.
| | - Uwe Hergenhahn
- Molecular Physics Department, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Olle Björneholm
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden.
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52
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Wacławek S, Ma X, Sharma VK, Xiao R, O'Shea KE, Dionysiou DD. Making waves: Defining advanced reduction technologies from the perspective of water treatment. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 212:118101. [PMID: 35092911 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Studies related to advanced reduction technologies (ARTs) have grown exponentially since the term was first coined in 2013. Despite recent interests in ARTs, the conditions and requirements for these processes have yet to be defined and clarifed. In comparision to well defined advanced oxidation technologies/processes (AOTs/AOPs) which involve the generation of hydroxyl radical as the common characteristic, ARTs function by electron donation from a variety of reducing agents and activators. Based on an extensive literature review, we propose that ARTs be defined as processes employing strong chemical reductants with E° ≤ -2.3 V vs. normal hydrogen electrode at 25 ºC. While extensive studies have revealed critical fundamental details of AOTs/AOPs mediated processes, there are still significant gaps in elucidation of the mechanistic details of reductive degradation/transformation of highly toxic compounds by ARTs. A significant number of pollutants and toxins resistant to AOTs/AOPs treatment are effectively degraded by ARTs. A great leap is needed on understanding ARTs to fully utilize their potential to efficiently remediate recalcitrant compounds of different sources and structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanisław Wacławek
- Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 1402/2, 461 17, Liberec 1, Czech Republic.
| | - Xingmao Ma
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
| | - Virender K Sharma
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Program for the Environment and Sustainability, Texas A&M University, 212 Adriance Lab Rd., 1266 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
| | - Ruiyang Xiao
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
| | - Kevin E O'Shea
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
| | - Dionysios D Dionysiou
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering (ChEE), Environmental Engineering and Science Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0012, USA.
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53
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Zhang P, Qiu H, Li H, He J, Xu Y, Wang R. Nonmetallic Active Sites on Nickel Phosphide in Oxygen Evolution Reaction. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:1130. [PMID: 35407247 PMCID: PMC9000227 DOI: 10.3390/nano12071130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Efficient and durable catalysts are crucial for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The discovery of the high OER catalytic activity in Ni12P5 has attracted a great deal of attention recently. Herein, the microscopic mechanism of OER on the surface of Ni12P5 is studied using density functional theory calculations (DFT) and ab initio molecular dynamics simulation (AIMD). Our results demonstrate that the H2O molecule is preferentially adsorbed on the P atom instead of on the Ni atom, indicating that the nonmetallic P atom is the active site of the OER reaction. AIMD simulations show that the dissociation of H from the H2O molecule takes place in steps; the hydrogen bond changes from Oa-H⋯Ob to Oa⋯H-Ob, then the hydrogen bond breaks and an H+ is dissociated. In the OER reaction on nickel phosphides, the rate-determining step is the formation of the OOH group and the overpotential of Ni12P5 is the lowest, thus showing enhanced catalytic activity over other nickel phosphides. Moreover, we found that the charge of Ni and P sites has a linear relationship with the adsorption energy of OH and O, which can be utilized to optimize the OER catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yingying Xu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Magneto-Photoelectrical Composite and Interface Science, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (P.Z.); (H.Q.); (H.L.); (J.H.)
| | - Rongming Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Magneto-Photoelectrical Composite and Interface Science, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (P.Z.); (H.Q.); (H.L.); (J.H.)
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54
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Shepard C, Kanai Y. Nonlinear electronic excitation in water under proton irradiation: a first principles study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:5598-5603. [PMID: 35175259 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05313b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nonlinear dynamics of electronic excitation bridge physical and physicochemical stages of water radiolysis under proton irradiation, a multi-scale physicochemical process that is fundamental to a wide range of technological and medical applications of high-energy protons. We study the spatial and temporal changes to the excited holes generated in this ionization event using first-principles theory simulation. A significant majority of holes are formed in the immediate vicinity of the irradiating proton paths, and these holes decay rapidly, while secondary excitations are simultaneously induced in regions farther away. While the hole population remains constant, the observed spatially spreading hole distribution cannot be described as concentration-dependent diffusion current. Compared to the primary excitation induced by the irradiating protons, the secondary excitation farther away is somewhat less energetic. The first-principles theory simulation here provides a detailed description of how the primary excitation by proton radiation precedes the formation of cationic holes, which undergo ultrafast chemical processes in water radiolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Shepard
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Yosuke Kanai
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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55
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Following excited-state chemical shifts in molecular ultrafast x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Nat Commun 2022; 13:198. [PMID: 35017539 PMCID: PMC8752854 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27908-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The conversion of photon energy into other energetic forms in molecules is accompanied by charge moving on ultrafast timescales. We directly observe the charge motion at a specific site in an electronically excited molecule using time-resolved x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (TR-XPS). We extend the concept of static chemical shift from conventional XPS by the excited-state chemical shift (ESCS), which is connected to the charge in the framework of a potential model. This allows us to invert TR-XPS spectra to the dynamic charge at a specific atom. We demonstrate the power of TR-XPS by using sulphur 2p-core-electron-emission probing to study the UV-excited dynamics of 2-thiouracil. The method allows us to discover that a major part of the population relaxes to the molecular ground state within 220–250 fs. In addition, a 250-fs oscillation, visible in the kinetic energy of the TR-XPS, reveals a coherent exchange of population among electronic states. Imaging the charge flow in photoexcited molecules would provide key information on photophysical and photochemical processes. Here the authors demonstrate tracking in real time after photoexcitation the change in charge density at a specific site of 2-thiouracil using time-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
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56
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Jay RM, Kunnus K, Wernet P, Gaffney KJ. Capturing Atom-Specific Electronic Structural Dynamics of Transition-Metal Complexes with Ultrafast Soft X-Ray Spectroscopy. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2022; 73:187-208. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-082820-020236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The atomic specificity of X-ray spectroscopies provides a distinct perspective on molecular electronic structure. For 3 d metal coordination and organometallic complexes, the combination of metal- and ligand-specific X-ray spectroscopies directly interrogates metal–ligand covalency—the hybridization of metal and ligand electronic states. Resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS), the X-ray analog of resonance Raman scattering, provides access to all classes of valence excited states in transition-metal complexes, making it a particularly powerful means of characterizing the valence electronic structure of 3 d metal complexes. Recent advances in X-ray free-electron laser sources have enabled RIXS to be extended to the ultrafast time domain. We review RIXS studies of two archetypical photochemical processes: charge-transfer excitation in ferricyanide and ligand photodissociation in iron pentacarbonyl. These studies demonstrate femtosecond-resolution RIXS can directly characterize the time-evolving electronic structure, including the evolution of the metal–ligand covalency. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Physical Chemistry, Volume 73 is April 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael M. Jay
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden;,
| | - Kristjan Kunnus
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, USA
| | - Philippe Wernet
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden;,
| | - Kelly J. Gaffney
- PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and Stanford University, Menlo Park, California, USA
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57
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Huang M, Li C, Evangelista FA. Theoretical Calculation of Core-Excited States along Dissociative Pathways beyond Second-Order Perturbation Theory. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 18:219-233. [PMID: 34964628 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c00884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We extend the multireference driven similarity renormalization (MR-DSRG) method to compute core-excited states by combining it with a GASSCF treatment of orbital relaxation and static electron correlation effects. We consider MR-DSRG treatments of dynamical correlation truncated at the level of perturbation theory (DSRG-MRPT2/3) and iterative linearized approximations with one- and two-body operators [MR-LDSRG(2)] in combination with a spin-free exact-two-component (X2C) one-electron treatment of scalar relativistic effects. This approach is calibrated and tested on a series of 16 core-excited states of five closed- and open-shell diatomic molecules containing first-row elements (C, N, and O). All GASSCF-MR-DSRG theories show excellent agreement with experimental adiabatic transitions energies, with mean absolute errors ranging between 0.17 and 0.35 eV, even for the challenging partially doubly excited states of the N2+ molecule. The vibrational structure of all these transitions, obtained from using a full potential energy scan, shows a mean absolute error as low as 25 meV for DSRG-MRPT2 and 12/13 meV for DSRG-MRPT3 and MR-LDSRG(2). We generally find that a treatment of dynamical correlation that goes beyond the second-order level in perturbation theory improves the accuracy of the potential energy surface, especially in the bond-dissociation region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Cherry Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Chenyang Li
- Department of Chemistry and Cherry Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States.,Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Francesco A Evangelista
- Department of Chemistry and Cherry Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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58
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Jia L, Guo ZH, Li L, Pan C, Zhang P, Xu F, Pu X, Wang ZL. Electricity Generation and Self-Powered Sensing Enabled by Dynamic Electric Double Layer at Hydrogel-Dielectric Elastomer Interfaces. ACS NANO 2021; 15:19651-19660. [PMID: 34889594 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c06950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The electric double layer (EDL) at liquid-solid interfaces is fundamental to many research areas ranging from electrochemistry and microfluidics to colloidal chemistry. Here, we demonstrate the electricity generation by mechanically modulating the EDL at the hydrogel-dielectric polymer interfaces. It is found that contact electrification between the hydrogel and the dielectric polymer could charge the dielectric polymer surface at first; the mechanical deformation of the pyramid-shaped hydrogel results in the periodic variation of the EDL area and capacitance, which then induces an alternative current in the external circuits. This mechano-to-electrical energy conversion mechanism is then utilized to construct soft stretchable self-powered pressure sensors by designing dynamic EDL at hydrogel-dielectric elastomer interfaces. The sensitivity is optimized to 1.40 kPa-1 in the low-pressure range of 31-300 Pa by increasing the elastomer roughness. Its antifreeze performance is also improved by adding ethylene glycol into the hydrogel. The capability in detecting subtle human activities is further demonstrated. This mechano-electrical energy conversion and the corresponding self-powered sensor can be widely applied in future soft electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Jia
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zi Hao Guo
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Longwei Li
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chongxiang Pan
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, P. R. China
- Center on Nanoenergy Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P. R. China
| | - Panpan Zhang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, P. R. China
| | - Fan Xu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiong Pu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Center on Nanoenergy Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P. R. China
- CUSTech Institute of Technology, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325024, China
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Center on Nanoenergy Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P. R. China
- CUSTech Institute of Technology, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325024, China
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
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59
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Cook AR. Sub-picosecond Production of Solute Radical Cations in Tetrahydrofuran after Radiolysis. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:10189-10197. [PMID: 34793148 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c08568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ultrafast hole transfer from solvent radical cations produced by radiolysis with ∼10 ps, 9 MeV electron pulses to solutes in tetrahydrofuran (THF) was investigated. Because of rapid fragmentation of initially produced THF+•, solute radical cations are not expected and have not previously been reported. When 9,9-dihexyl-2,7-dibromofluorene (Br2F) at 5 to 1000 mM was used, Br2F+• with radiation chemical yields up to G = 2.23/100 eV absorbed was observed. While more than half of this was the result of direct solute ionization, the results highlight the importance of capturing holes from THF+• prior to solvation and fragmentation. The observed data show a time-resolution limited (15 ps) rise in transient absorption of Br2F+•, identical in form to reports of presolvated or dry electron capture in water and a few organic liquids, including THF. The results were thus interpreted with a similar formalism, finding C37 = 1.7 M, the concentration at which 37% of holes escape capture. The yield of solvent hole capture can be accounted for by the formation of solvent holes adjacent to solute molecules reacting faster than they can fragment; however, mechanisms such as delocalized holes or rapid hopping may play a role. Low temperature results find over two times more capture, supporting the speculation that if THF+• was longer lived, the yield of capture in under 15 ps would have been at least 2 times larger at 1 M Br2F, possibly capturing nearly all available holes from the solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Cook
- Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
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60
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Butts CT, Martin RW. Bayesian estimation of the hydroxyl radical diffusion coefficient at low temperature and high pressure from atomistic molecular dynamics. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:194504. [PMID: 34800943 DOI: 10.1063/5.0064995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The hydroxyl radical is the primary reactive oxygen species produced by the radiolysis of water and is a significant source of radiation damage to living organisms. Mobility of the hydroxyl radical at low temperatures and/or high pressures is hence a potentially important factor in determining the challenges facing psychrophilic and/or barophilic organisms in high-radiation environments (e.g., ice-interface or undersea environments in which radiative heating is a potential heat and energy source). Here, we estimate the diffusion coefficient for the hydroxyl radical in aqueous solution using a hierarchical Bayesian model based on atomistic molecular dynamics trajectories in TIP4P/2005 water over a range of temperatures and pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carter T Butts
- Departments of Sociology, Statistics, Computer Science, and EECS, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Rachel W Martin
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
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61
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Sanguanmith S, Meesungnoen J, Muroya Y, Jay-Gerin JP. Scavenging of “dry” electrons prior to hydration by azide ions: effect on the formation of H2 in the radiolysis of water by 60Co γ-rays and tritium β-electrons. CAN J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2020-0504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we use Monte Carlo track chemistry simulations to show that “dry” secondary electrons, precursors of the “hydrated” electron (e−aq), can be scavenged on the sub-picosecond time scale prior to hydration, by a high concentration (>0.1–1 M) of azide ions (N3−) in water irradiated with 60Co γ-rays and tritium β-electrons at 25 °C. This is a striking result, as N3− is known to react very slowly with e−aq. These processes tend to significantly reduce the yields of H2 as observed experimentally. For both energetic Compton electrons (“linear energy transfer”, LET ∼ 0.3 keV/µm), which are generated by the cobalt-60 γ-rays, and 3H β-electrons (LET ∼ 6 keV/µm), our H2 yield results confirm previous Monte Carlo simulations, which indicated the necessity of including the capture of the precursors to e−aq. Interestingly, our calculations show no significant changes in the scavenging of “dry” electrons at high azide concentrations in passing from γ-radiolysis to tritium β-radiolysis (i.e., with LET). This led us to the conclusion that the higher H2 yield observed experimentally for 3H β-electrons compared with 60Co γ-rays is mainly explained by the difference in the radiation track structures during the chemical stage (>1 ps). The higher LET of tritium β-electrons leads to more molecular products (H2 in this case) in tritium radiolysis than in γ-radiolysis. Finally, a value of ∼0.5 nm was derived for the reaction distance between N3− and the “dry” electron from the H2 yields observed in 60Co γ-radiolysis at high N3− concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunuchakan Sanguanmith
- Département de médecine nucléaire et de radiobiologie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Jintana Meesungnoen
- Département de médecine nucléaire et de radiobiologie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Yusa Muroya
- Department of Beam Materials Science, Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Jean-Paul Jay-Gerin
- Département de médecine nucléaire et de radiobiologie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
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62
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Sultana A, Alanazi A, Meesungnoen J, Jay-Gerin JP. Generation of ultrafast, transient, highly acidic pH spikes in the radiolysis of water at very high dose rates: relevance for FLASH radiotherapy. CAN J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2021-0259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Monte Carlo multi-track chemistry simulations were carried out to study the effects of high dose rates on the transient yields of hydronium ions (H3O+) formed during low linear energy transfer (LET) radiolysis of both pure, deaerated and aerated liquid water at 25 °C, in the interval ∼1 ps – 10 μs. Our simulation model consisted of randomly irradiating water with N interactive tracks of 300-MeV incident protons (LET ∼ 0.3 keV/µm), which simultaneously impact perpendicularly on the water within a circular surface. The effect of the dose rate was studied by varying N. Our calculations showed that the radiolytic formation of H3O+ causes the entire irradiated volume to temporarily become very acidic. The magnitude and duration of this abrupt “acid-spike” response depend on the value of N. It is most intense at times less than ∼10–100 ns, equal to ∼3.4 and 2.8 for N = 500 and 2000 (i.e., for dose rates of ∼1.9 × 109 and 8.7 × 109 Gy/s, respectively). At longer times, the pH gradually increases for all N values and eventually returns to the neutral value of seven, which corresponds to the non-radiolytic, pre-irradiation concentration of H3O+. It is worth noting that these early acidic pH responses are very little dependent on the presence or absence of oxygen. Finally, given the importance of pH for many cellular functions, this study suggests that these acidic pH spikes may contribute to the normal tissue-sparing effect of FLASH radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abida Sultana
- Département de médecine nucléaire et de radiobiologie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12ème Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
- Département de médecine nucléaire et de radiobiologie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12ème Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Ahmed Alanazi
- Département de médecine nucléaire et de radiobiologie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12ème Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
- Département de médecine nucléaire et de radiobiologie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12ème Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Jintana Meesungnoen
- Département de médecine nucléaire et de radiobiologie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12ème Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
- Département de médecine nucléaire et de radiobiologie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12ème Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Jean-Paul Jay-Gerin
- Département de médecine nucléaire et de radiobiologie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12ème Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
- Département de médecine nucléaire et de radiobiologie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12ème Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
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63
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Huang J, Huang G, Li S. A Machine Learning Model to Classify Dynamic Processes in Liquid Water*. Chemphyschem 2021; 23:e202100599. [PMID: 34661956 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The dynamics of water molecules plays a vital role in understanding water. We combined computer simulation and deep learning to study the dynamics of H-bonds between water molecules. Based on ab initio molecular dynamics simulations and a newly defined directed Hydrogen (H-) bond population operator, we studied a typical dynamic process in bulk water: interchange, in which the H-bond donor reverses roles with the acceptor. By designing a recurrent neural network-based model, we have successfully classified the interchange and breakage processes in water. We have found that the ratio between them is approximately 1 : 4, and it hardly depends on temperatures from 280 to 360 K. This work implies that deep learning has the great potential to help distinguish complex dynamic processes containing H-bonds in other systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Huang
- Department of Physics, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Shiben Li
- Department of Physics, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
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64
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Loe CM, Liekhus-Schmaltz C, Govind N, Khalil M. Spectral Signatures of Ultrafast Excited-State Intramolecular Proton Transfer from Computational Multi-edge Transient X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:9840-9847. [PMID: 34606267 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) is a fundamental chemical process with several applications. Ultrafast ESIPT involves coupled electronic and atomic motions and has been primarily studied using femtosecond optical spectroscopy. X-ray spectroscopy is particularly useful because it is element-specific and enables direct, individual probes of the proton-donating and -accepting atoms. Herein, we report a computational study to resolve the ESIPT in 10-hydroxybenzo[h]quinoline (HBQ), an intramolecularly hydrogen bonded compound. We use linear-response time-dependent density functional theory (LR-TDDFT) combined with ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) and time-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) computations to track the ultrafast excited-state dynamics. Our results reveal clear X-ray spectral signatures of coupled electronic and atomic motions during and following ESIPT at the oxygen and nitrogen K-edge, paving the way for future experiments at X-ray free electron lasers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline M Loe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | | | - Niranjan Govind
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Munira Khalil
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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65
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Kao LC, Ha Y, Chang WJ, Feng X, Ye Y, Chen JL, Pao CW, Yang F, Zhu C, Yang W, Guo J, Liou SYH. Trace Key Mechanistic Features of the Arsenite Sequestration Reaction with Nanoscale Zerovalent Iron. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:16538-16548. [PMID: 34524811 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c06159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI) is considered as a highly efficient material for sequestrating arsenite, but the origin of its high efficacy as well as the chemical transformations of arsenite during reaction is not well understood. Here, we report an in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) study to investigate the complex mechanism of nZVI reaction with arsenite under anaerobic conditions at the time scale from seconds to days. The time-resolved XAS analysis revealed a gradual oxidation of AsIII to AsV in the course of minutes to hours in both the solid and liquid phase for the high (above 0.5 g/L) nZVI dose system. When the reaction time increased up to 60 days, AsV became the dominant species. The quick-scanning extended X-ray absorption fine structure (QEAXFS) was introduced to discover the transient intermediate at the highly reactive stage, and a small red-shift in As K-edge absorption edge was observed. The QEAXFS combined with density functional theory (DFT) calculation suggested that the red-shift is likely due to the electron donation in a Fe-O-As complex and possible active sites of As sequestrations include Fe(OH)4 and 4-Fe cluster. This is the first time that the transient reaction intermediate was identified in the As-nZVI sequestration system at the fast-reacting early stage. This study also demonstrated usefulness of in situ monitoring techniques in environmental water research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Cheng Kao
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Yang Ha
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Wan-Jou Chang
- Department of Geosciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Xuefei Feng
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Yifan Ye
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Jeng-Lung Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wen Pao
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Feipeng Yang
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Catherine Zhu
- Molecular and Cellular Biology: Biochemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Wanli Yang
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jinghua Guo
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Sofia Ya Hsuan Liou
- Department of Geosciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Research Center for Future Earth, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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66
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Zhang X, Zhao L, Jin X, Zhang Z, Li Y. Nanomolar determination of nitrofurans in water via excited-state inter-ligand proton transfer. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1181:338905. [PMID: 34556219 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Qualification and quantification of trace organic contaminants necessitates development of highly efficient sensing system, where excited-state inter-ligand proton transfer (ESILPT) provides a feasible pathway to construct efficient chemo-sensors. Herein, a strategically synthesized lanthanide complex, Eu(DBM)3(MeOH)3 (briefly as Eu-DBM-MeOH; DBM = dibenzoylmethane), features two-step ESILPT processes, along with modification on molecular structure and energy band. As a result, Eu-DBM-MeOH exhibits excellent photophysical properties with characteristic luminescence of Eu3+ ion. Benefiting from these merits, the Eu-DBM-MeOH complex acts as ultra-sensitive chemo-sensor toward nanomolar-level nitrofuran antibiotics (nitrofurazone and nitrofurantoin) in water, by disrupting ESILPT processes. Combining the advantages on photophysical property and luminescent sensitivity, ESILPT-active compounds are expected to widen and deepen the research on complex-based luminophores, being potentially useful in trace detection and biological imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (MOE), School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, PR China
| | - Lina Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (MOE), School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, PR China; Department of Food & Environmental Engineering, East University of Heilongjiang, Harbin, 150066, PR China
| | - Xiaomeng Jin
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (MOE), School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, PR China
| | - Zijun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (MOE), School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, PR China.
| | - Yuxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (MOE), School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, PR China.
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67
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Abstract
The formation of transient water photolysis products is followed with ultrafast electron diffraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Cao
- Center for Ultrafast Science and Technology, School of Physics and Astronomy, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
- Department of Physics and National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, FL 32310, USA
| | - Xuan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Dongping Zhong
- Center for Ultrafast Science and Technology, School of Physics and Astronomy, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Programs of Biophysics, Chemical Physics, and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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68
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Lin MF, Singh N, Liang S, Mo M, Nunes JPF, Ledbetter K, Yang J, Kozina M, Weathersby S, Shen X, Cordones AA, Wolf TJA, Pemmaraju CD, Ihme M, Wang XJ. Imaging the short-lived hydroxyl-hydronium pair in ionized liquid water. Science 2021; 374:92-95. [PMID: 34591617 DOI: 10.1126/science.abg3091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- M-F Lin
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - N Singh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - S Liang
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - M Mo
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - J P F Nunes
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - K Ledbetter
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.,Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - J Yang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.,Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - M Kozina
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - S Weathersby
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - X Shen
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - A A Cordones
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - T J A Wolf
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.,Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - C D Pemmaraju
- SIMES, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - M Ihme
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - X J Wang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
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69
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Zhang J, Lin S, Zheng M, Wang ZL. Triboelectric Nanogenerator as a Probe for Measuring the Charge Transfer between Liquid and Solid Surfaces. ACS NANO 2021; 15:14830-14837. [PMID: 34415141 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c04903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The phenomenon of triboelectricity involves the flow of charged species across an interface, but conclusively establishing the nature of the charge transfer has proven extremely difficult, especially for the liquid-solid cases. Herein, we developed a self-powered droplet triboelectric nanogenerator (droplet-TENG) with spatially arranged electrodes as a probe for measuring the charge transfer process between liquid and solid interfaces. The information on the electric signal on spatially arranged electrodes shows that the charge transfer between droplets and the solid is an accumulation process during the dropping and that the electron is the dominant charge-transfer species. Such a droplet-TENG showed a high sensitivity to the ratio of solvents in the mixed organic solution, and we postulated this is due to the possibility of generation of a hydrogen bond, affecting the electric signal on the spatially arranged electrodes. This work demonstrated a chemical sensing application based on the self-powered droplet triboelectric nanogenerator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyang Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Shiquan Lin
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Mingli Zheng
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
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70
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Pushpavanam K, Dutta S, Zhang N, Ratcliff T, Bista T, Sokolowski T, Boshoven E, Sapareto S, Breneman CM, Rege K. Radiation-Responsive Amino Acid Nanosensor Gel (RANG) for Radiotherapy Monitoring and Trauma Care. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:1984-1998. [PMID: 34384218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Accurate detection of doses is critical for the development of effective countermeasures and patient stratification strategies in cases of accidental exposure to ionizing radiation. Existing detection devices are limited by high fabrication costs, long processing times, need for sophisticated detection systems, and/or loss of readout signal over time, particularly in complex environments. Here, we describe fundamental studies on amino acid-facilitated templating of gold nanoparticles following exposure to ionizing radiation as a new colorimetric approach for radiation detection. Tryptophan demonstrated spontaneous nanoparticle formation, and parallel screening of a library of amino acids and related compounds led to the identification of lead candidates, including phenylalanine, which demonstrated an increase in absorbance at wavelengths typical of gold nanoparticles in the presence of ionizing radiation (X-rays). Evaluation of screening, i.e., absorbance data, in concert with chemical informatics modeling led to the elucidation of physicochemical properties, particularly polarizable regions and partial charges, that governed nanoparticle formation propensities upon exposure of amino acids to ionizing radiation. NMR spectroscopy revealed key roles of amino and carboxy moieties in determining the nanoparticle formation propensity of phenylalanine, a lead amino acid from the screen. These findings were employed for fabricating radiation-responsive amino acid nanosensor gels (RANGs) based on phenylalanine and tryptophan, and efficacy of RANGs was demonstrated for predicting clinical doses of ionizing radiation in anthropomorphic thorax phantoms and in live canine patients undergoing radiotherapy. The use of biocompatible templating ligands (amino acids), rapid response, simplicity of fabrication, efficacy, ease of operation and detection, and long-lasting readout indicate several advantages of the RANG over existing detection systems for monitoring radiation in clinical radiotherapy, radiological emergencies, and trauma care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Pushpavanam
- Chemical Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Subhadeep Dutta
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Ni Zhang
- Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Tyree Ratcliff
- Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Tomasz Bista
- Banner-MD Anderson Cancer Center, Gilbert, Arizona 85234, United States
| | | | - Eric Boshoven
- Arizona Veterinary Oncology, Gilbert, Arizona 85233, United States
| | - Stephen Sapareto
- Banner-MD Anderson Cancer Center, Gilbert, Arizona 85234, United States
| | - Curt M Breneman
- Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Kaushal Rege
- Chemical Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
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71
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Wang ZL. From contact electrification to triboelectric nanogenerators. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2021; 84:096502. [PMID: 34111846 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ac0a50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Although the contact electrification (CE) (or usually called 'triboelectrification') effect has been known for over 2600 years, its scientific mechanism still remains debated after decades. Interest in studying CE has been recently revisited due to the invention of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), which are the most effective approach for converting random, low-frequency mechanical energy (called high entropy energy) into electric power for distributed energy applications. This review is composed of three parts that are coherently linked, ranging from basic physics, through classical electrodynamics, to technological advances and engineering applications. First, the mechanisms of CE are studied for general cases involving solids, liquids and gas phases. Various physics models are presented to explain the fundamentals of CE by illustrating that electron transfer is the dominant mechanism for CE for solid-solid interfaces. Electron transfer also occurs in the CE at liquid-solid and liquid-liquid interfaces. An electron-cloud overlap model is proposed to explain CE in general. This electron transfer model is extended to liquid-solid interfaces, leading to a revision of the formation mechanism of the electric double layer at liquid-solid interfaces. Second, by adding a time-dependent polarization termPscreated by the CE-induced surface electrostatic charges in the displacement fieldD, we expand Maxwell's equations to include both the medium polarizations due to electric field (P) and mechanical aggitation and medium boundary movement induced polarization term (Ps). From these, the output power, electromagnetic (EM) behaviour and current transport equation for a TENG are systematically derived from first principles. A general solution is presented for the modified Maxwell's equations, and analytical solutions for the output potential are provided for a few cases. The displacement current arising fromε∂E/∂t is responsible for EM waves, while the newly added term ∂Ps/∂t is responsible for energy and sensors. This work sets the standard theory for quantifying the performance and EM behaviour of TENGs in general. Finally, we review the applications of TENGs for harvesting all kinds of available mechanical energy that is wasted in our daily life, such as human motion, walking, vibration, mechanical triggering, rotating tires, wind, flowing water and more. A summary is provided about the applications of TENGs in energy science, environmental protection, wearable electronics, self-powered sensors, medical science, robotics and artificial intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Lin Wang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States of America
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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72
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Bin Mohd Yusof MS, Lim YL, Loh ZH. Ultrafast vibrational wave packet dynamics of the aqueous tyrosyl radical anion induced by photodetachment. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:18525-18534. [PMID: 34581329 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02975d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The ultrafast dynamics triggered by the photodetachment of the tyrosinate dianion in aqueous environment shed light on the elementary processes that accompany the interaction of ionizing radiation with biological matter. Photodetachment of the tryosinate dianion yields the tyrosyl radical anion, an important intermediate in biological redox reactions, although the study of its ultrafast dynamics is limited. Here, we utilize femtosecond optical pump-probe spectroscopy to investigate the ultrafast structural reorganization dynamics that follow the photodetachment of the tyrosinate dianion in aqueous solution. Photodetachment of the tyrosinate dianion leads to vibrational wave packet motion along seven vibrational modes that are coupled to the photodetachment process. The vibrational modes are assigned with the aid of density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Our results offer a glimpse of the elementary dynamics of ionized biomolecules and suggest the possibility of extending this approach to investigate the ionization-induced structural rearrangement of other aromatic amino acids and larger biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shafiq Bin Mohd Yusof
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore.
| | - Yong Liang Lim
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore.
| | - Zhi-Heng Loh
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore.
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73
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Epifanovsky E, Gilbert ATB, Feng X, Lee J, Mao Y, Mardirossian N, Pokhilko P, White AF, Coons MP, Dempwolff AL, Gan Z, Hait D, Horn PR, Jacobson LD, Kaliman I, Kussmann J, Lange AW, Lao KU, Levine DS, Liu J, McKenzie SC, Morrison AF, Nanda KD, Plasser F, Rehn DR, Vidal ML, You ZQ, Zhu Y, Alam B, Albrecht BJ, Aldossary A, Alguire E, Andersen JH, Athavale V, Barton D, Begam K, Behn A, Bellonzi N, Bernard YA, Berquist EJ, Burton HGA, Carreras A, Carter-Fenk K, Chakraborty R, Chien AD, Closser KD, Cofer-Shabica V, Dasgupta S, de Wergifosse M, Deng J, Diedenhofen M, Do H, Ehlert S, Fang PT, Fatehi S, Feng Q, Friedhoff T, Gayvert J, Ge Q, Gidofalvi G, Goldey M, Gomes J, González-Espinoza CE, Gulania S, Gunina AO, Hanson-Heine MWD, Harbach PHP, Hauser A, Herbst MF, Hernández Vera M, Hodecker M, Holden ZC, Houck S, Huang X, Hui K, Huynh BC, Ivanov M, Jász Á, Ji H, Jiang H, Kaduk B, Kähler S, Khistyaev K, Kim J, Kis G, Klunzinger P, Koczor-Benda Z, Koh JH, Kosenkov D, Koulias L, Kowalczyk T, Krauter CM, Kue K, Kunitsa A, Kus T, Ladjánszki I, Landau A, Lawler KV, Lefrancois D, Lehtola S, Li RR, Li YP, Liang J, Liebenthal M, Lin HH, Lin YS, Liu F, Liu KY, Loipersberger M, Luenser A, Manjanath A, Manohar P, Mansoor E, Manzer SF, Mao SP, Marenich AV, Markovich T, Mason S, Maurer SA, McLaughlin PF, Menger MFSJ, Mewes JM, Mewes SA, Morgante P, Mullinax JW, Oosterbaan KJ, Paran G, Paul AC, Paul SK, Pavošević F, Pei Z, Prager S, Proynov EI, Rák Á, Ramos-Cordoba E, Rana B, Rask AE, Rettig A, Richard RM, Rob F, Rossomme E, Scheele T, Scheurer M, Schneider M, Sergueev N, Sharada SM, Skomorowski W, Small DW, Stein CJ, Su YC, Sundstrom EJ, Tao Z, Thirman J, Tornai GJ, Tsuchimochi T, Tubman NM, Veccham SP, Vydrov O, Wenzel J, Witte J, Yamada A, Yao K, Yeganeh S, Yost SR, Zech A, Zhang IY, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Zuev D, Aspuru-Guzik A, Bell AT, Besley NA, Bravaya KB, Brooks BR, Casanova D, Chai JD, Coriani S, Cramer CJ, Cserey G, DePrince AE, DiStasio RA, Dreuw A, Dunietz BD, Furlani TR, Goddard WA, Hammes-Schiffer S, Head-Gordon T, Hehre WJ, Hsu CP, Jagau TC, Jung Y, Klamt A, Kong J, Lambrecht DS, Liang W, Mayhall NJ, McCurdy CW, Neaton JB, Ochsenfeld C, Parkhill JA, Peverati R, Rassolov VA, Shao Y, Slipchenko LV, Stauch T, Steele RP, Subotnik JE, Thom AJW, Tkatchenko A, Truhlar DG, Van Voorhis T, Wesolowski TA, Whaley KB, Woodcock HL, Zimmerman PM, Faraji S, Gill PMW, Head-Gordon M, Herbert JM, Krylov AI. Software for the frontiers of quantum chemistry: An overview of developments in the Q-Chem 5 package. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:084801. [PMID: 34470363 PMCID: PMC9984241 DOI: 10.1063/5.0055522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 476] [Impact Index Per Article: 158.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This article summarizes technical advances contained in the fifth major release of the Q-Chem quantum chemistry program package, covering developments since 2015. A comprehensive library of exchange-correlation functionals, along with a suite of correlated many-body methods, continues to be a hallmark of the Q-Chem software. The many-body methods include novel variants of both coupled-cluster and configuration-interaction approaches along with methods based on the algebraic diagrammatic construction and variational reduced density-matrix methods. Methods highlighted in Q-Chem 5 include a suite of tools for modeling core-level spectroscopy, methods for describing metastable resonances, methods for computing vibronic spectra, the nuclear-electronic orbital method, and several different energy decomposition analysis techniques. High-performance capabilities including multithreaded parallelism and support for calculations on graphics processing units are described. Q-Chem boasts a community of well over 100 active academic developers, and the continuing evolution of the software is supported by an "open teamware" model and an increasingly modular design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny Epifanovsky
- Q-Chem, Inc., 6601 Owens Drive, Suite 105, Pleasanton, California 94588, USA
| | | | | | - Joonho Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Yuezhi Mao
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | | | - Pavel Pokhilko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Alec F. White
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Marc P. Coons
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Adrian L. Dempwolff
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Ruprecht-Karls University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Zhengting Gan
- Q-Chem, Inc., 6601 Owens Drive, Suite 105, Pleasanton, California 94588, USA
| | - Diptarka Hait
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Paul R. Horn
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Leif D. Jacobson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | | | - Jörg Kussmann
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilian University, Butenandtstr. 7, D-81377 München, Germany
| | - Adrian W. Lange
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Ka Un Lao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Daniel S. Levine
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | | | - Simon C. McKenzie
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | | | - Kaushik D. Nanda
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | | | - Dirk R. Rehn
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Ruprecht-Karls University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marta L. Vidal
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Bldg. 207, DK-2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Bushra Alam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Benjamin J. Albrecht
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | | | - Ethan Alguire
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Josefine H. Andersen
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Bldg. 207, DK-2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Vishikh Athavale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Dennis Barton
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, L-1511 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Khadiza Begam
- Department of Physics, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, USA
| | - Andrew Behn
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Nicole Bellonzi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Yves A. Bernard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | | | - Hugh G. A. Burton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Abel Carreras
- Donostia International Physics Center, 20080 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain
| | - Kevin Carter-Fenk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | | | - Alan D. Chien
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | | | - Vale Cofer-Shabica
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Saswata Dasgupta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Marc de Wergifosse
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Jia Deng
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | | | - Hainam Do
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian Ehlert
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Beringstr. 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Po-Tung Fang
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | | | - Qingguo Feng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44240, USA
| | - Triet Friedhoff
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - James Gayvert
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Qinghui Ge
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Gergely Gidofalvi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Gonzaga University, Spokane, Washington 99258, USA
| | - Matthew Goldey
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Joe Gomes
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | | | - Sahil Gulania
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Anastasia O. Gunina
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | | | - Phillip H. P. Harbach
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Ruprecht-Karls University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Hauser
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Mario Hernández Vera
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilian University, Butenandtstr. 7, D-81377 München, Germany
| | - Manuel Hodecker
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Ruprecht-Karls University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Zachary C. Holden
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Shannon Houck
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - Xunkun Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Kerwin Hui
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Bang C. Huynh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Maxim Ivanov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Ádám Jász
- Stream Novation Ltd., Práter utca 50/a, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Hyunjun Ji
- Graduate School of Energy, Environment, Water and Sustainability (EEWS), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanjie Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Benjamin Kaduk
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Sven Kähler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Kirill Khistyaev
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Jaehoon Kim
- Graduate School of Energy, Environment, Water and Sustainability (EEWS), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Gergely Kis
- Stream Novation Ltd., Práter utca 50/a, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Zsuzsanna Koczor-Benda
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilian University, Butenandtstr. 7, D-81377 München, Germany
| | - Joong Hoon Koh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Dimitri Kosenkov
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Laura Koulias
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | | | - Caroline M. Krauter
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Ruprecht-Karls University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karl Kue
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Road Section 2, Nangang District, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Alexander Kunitsa
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Thomas Kus
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | | | - Arie Landau
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Keith V. Lawler
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Daniel Lefrancois
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Ruprecht-Karls University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Run R. Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - Yi-Pei Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Jiashu Liang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Marcus Liebenthal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - Hung-Hsuan Lin
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Road Section 2, Nangang District, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - You-Sheng Lin
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Fenglai Liu
- Q-Chem, Inc., 6601 Owens Drive, Suite 105, Pleasanton, California 94588, USA
| | | | | | - Arne Luenser
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilian University, Butenandtstr. 7, D-81377 München, Germany
| | - Aaditya Manjanath
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Road Section 2, Nangang District, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Prashant Manohar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Erum Mansoor
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Sam F. Manzer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Shan-Ping Mao
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | | | - Thomas Markovich
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Stephen Mason
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Simon A. Maurer
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilian University, Butenandtstr. 7, D-81377 München, Germany
| | - Peter F. McLaughlin
- Q-Chem, Inc., 6601 Owens Drive, Suite 105, Pleasanton, California 94588, USA
| | | | - Jan-Michael Mewes
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Ruprecht-Karls University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefanie A. Mewes
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Ruprecht-Karls University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pierpaolo Morgante
- Department of Chemistry, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Florida 32901, USA
| | - J. Wayne Mullinax
- Department of Chemistry, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Florida 32901, USA
| | | | | | - Alexander C. Paul
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Ruprecht-Karls University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Suranjan K. Paul
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Fabijan Pavošević
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Zheng Pei
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
| | - Stefan Prager
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Ruprecht-Karls University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Emil I. Proynov
- Q-Chem, Inc., 6601 Owens Drive, Suite 105, Pleasanton, California 94588, USA
| | - Ádám Rák
- Stream Novation Ltd., Práter utca 50/a, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eloy Ramos-Cordoba
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Bhaskar Rana
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Alan E. Rask
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Adam Rettig
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Ryan M. Richard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Fazle Rob
- Q-Chem, Inc., 6601 Owens Drive, Suite 105, Pleasanton, California 94588, USA
| | - Elliot Rossomme
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Tarek Scheele
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Maximilian Scheurer
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Ruprecht-Karls University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Schneider
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Ruprecht-Karls University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nickolai Sergueev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44240, USA
| | - Shaama M. Sharada
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Wojciech Skomorowski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - David W. Small
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Christopher J. Stein
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Yu-Chuan Su
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Eric J. Sundstrom
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Zhen Tao
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Jonathan Thirman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Gábor J. Tornai
- Stream Novation Ltd., Práter utca 50/a, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Takashi Tsuchimochi
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Norm M. Tubman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | | | - Oleg Vydrov
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Jan Wenzel
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Ruprecht-Karls University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jon Witte
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Atsushi Yamada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44240, USA
| | - Kun Yao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Sina Yeganeh
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Shane R. Yost
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Alexander Zech
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30, Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Igor Ying Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Yu Zhang
- Q-Chem, Inc., 6601 Owens Drive, Suite 105, Pleasanton, California 94588, USA
| | - Dmitry Zuev
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Alán Aspuru-Guzik
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Alexis T. Bell
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Nicholas A. Besley
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ksenia B. Bravaya
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Bernard R. Brooks
- Laboratory of Computational Biophysics, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - David Casanova
- Donostia International Physics Center, 20080 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain
| | | | - Sonia Coriani
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Bldg. 207, DK-2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | | | - A. Eugene DePrince
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - Robert A. DiStasio
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Ruprecht-Karls University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barry D. Dunietz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44240, USA
| | - Thomas R. Furlani
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA
| | - William A. Goddard
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | | | - Teresa Head-Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | | | | | | | - Yousung Jung
- Graduate School of Energy, Environment, Water and Sustainability (EEWS), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Andreas Klamt
- COSMOlogic GmbH & Co. KG, Imbacher Weg 46, D-51379 Leverkusen, Germany
| | - Jing Kong
- Q-Chem, Inc., 6601 Owens Drive, Suite 105, Pleasanton, California 94588, USA
| | - Daniel S. Lambrecht
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | | | | | - C. William McCurdy
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Jeffrey B. Neaton
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Christian Ochsenfeld
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilian University, Butenandtstr. 7, D-81377 München, Germany
| | - John A. Parkhill
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Roberto Peverati
- Department of Chemistry, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Florida 32901, USA
| | - Vitaly A. Rassolov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | | | | | | | - Ryan P. Steele
- Department of Chemistry and Henry Eyring Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Joseph E. Subotnik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Alex J. W. Thom
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandre Tkatchenko
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, L-1511 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Donald G. Truhlar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Troy Van Voorhis
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Tomasz A. Wesolowski
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30, Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - K. Birgitta Whaley
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - H. Lee Woodcock
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, USA
| | - Paul M. Zimmerman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Shirin Faraji
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, 9774AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Martin Head-Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - John M. Herbert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Anna I. Krylov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA,Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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74
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Xu J, Chen D, Meng S. Probing Laser-Induced Plasma Generation in Liquid Water. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:10382-10388. [PMID: 34197710 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c04675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Understanding photoexcitation dynamics in liquid water is of crucial significance for both fundamental scientific exploration and technological applications. Despite the observations of photoinduced macroscopic phenomena, the initial atomistic movements and associated energy transfer pathways immediately following laser irradiation are hard to track due to the extreme complexity of laser-water interaction and its ultrafast time scale. We explore the femtosecond evolution of liquid water upon intense photoexcitation based on nonadiabatic quantum dynamics simulations. Separate ionic and electronic dynamics were explicitly monitored with tremendous details unveiled on an unprecedented microscopic level. Water was found to undergo the two-step heating processes. The strong-field effects and electronic excitations dominate the first-stage heating and pressurization. Subsequent relaxation of ionic and electronic subsystems further increases the ionic temperature but releases the large internal pressure. The water molecules are stretched during the laser pulses, and the electronic excitations result in the proton transfers after laser pulses. Intense laser pulses violently excite liquid water, giving rise to severe molecular dissociation and plasma generation during the laser pulses. The laser-induced water plasma is characterized by a high fraction of free protons (∼50%), nonequilibrium ionic and electronic distributions, and a metallic electronic density of states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyu Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Daqiang Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China.,Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, People's Republic of China
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75
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Abstract
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Cluster-size-resolved
ultrafast dynamics of the solvated electron
in neutral water clusters with n = 3 to ∼200
molecules are studied with pump–probe time-of-flight mass spectrometry
after below band gap excitation. For the smallest clusters, no longer-lived
(>100–200 fs) hydrated electrons were detected, indicating
a minimum size of n ∼ 14 for being able to
sustain hydrated electrons. Larger clusters show a systematic increase
of the number of hydrated electrons per molecule on the femtosecond
to picosecond time scale. We propose that with increasing cluster
size the underlying dynamics is governed by more effective electron
formation processes combined with less effective electron loss processes,
such as ultrafast hydrogen ejection and recombination. It appears
unlikely that any size dependence of the solvent relaxation dynamics
would be reflected in the observed time-resolved ion yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loren Ban
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bruce L Yoder
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ruth Signorell
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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76
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Abstract
Interfaces between a liquid and a solid (L-S) are the most important surface science in chemistry, catalysis, energy, and even biology. Formation of an electric double layer (EDL) at the L-S interface has been attributed due to the adsorption of a layer of ions at the solid surface, which causes the ions in the liquid to redistribute. Although the existence of a layer of charges on a solid surface is always assumed, the origin of the charges is not extensively explored. Recent studies of contact electrification (CE) between a liquid and a solid suggest that electron transfer plays a dominant role at the initial stage for forming the charge layer at the L-S interface. Here, we review the recent works about electron transfer in liquid-solid CE, including scenerios such as liquid-insulator, liquid-semiconductor, and liquid-metal. Formation of the EDL is revisited considering the existence of electron transfer at the L-S interface. Furthermore, the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) technique based on the liquid-solid CE is introduced, which can be used not only for harvesting mechanical energy from a liquid but also as a probe for probing the charge transfer at liquid-solid interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiquan Lin
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, P. R. China.,School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiangyu Chen
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, P. R. China.,School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, P. R. China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
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77
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Tao X, Nie J, Li S, Shi Y, Lin S, Chen X, Wang ZL. Effect of Photo-Excitation on Contact Electrification at Liquid-Solid Interface. ACS NANO 2021; 15:10609-10617. [PMID: 34101417 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c03358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Liquid-solid triboelectric nanogenerator (L-S TENG) is one of the major techniques to collect energy from tiny liquids, while the saturated charge density at the L-S interface is the key element to decide its performance. Here, we found that the saturated charge density of L-S contact electrification (CE) can be further increased under the illumination of an ultraviolet (UV) light. The fluorine-containing polymers and SiO2 are chosen as the electrification materials and with and without UV illumination on the L-S TENG. A series of experiments have been done to rule out the possible influences of anion generation, chemical change of solid surface, ionization of water, and so on. Therefore, we proposed that electrons belonging to water molecules can be excited to high energy states under UV illumination, which then transfer to solid surface and captured by the solid surface. Finally, a photoexcited electron transfer model is proposed to explain the enhancement of CE under the UV illumination. This work not only helps to further understand CE at L-S interface, but also offers an approach to further enhance the performance of L-S TENG, which can promote the TENG applications in the field of microfluidic systems, liquid energy harvesting, and droplet sensory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinglin Tao
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
- College of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Jinhui Nie
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
- College of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Shuyao Li
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
- College of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Yuxiang Shi
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
- College of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Shiquan Lin
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
- College of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Xiangyu Chen
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
- College of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
- College of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
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78
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Femtosecond responses of hydrated DNA irradiated by ionizing rays focus on the sugar-phosphate part. Theor Chem Acc 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-021-02778-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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79
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Huang N, Deng H, Liu B, Wang D, Zhao Z. Features and futures of X-ray free-electron lasers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 2:100097. [PMID: 34557749 PMCID: PMC8454599 DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2021.100097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Linear accelerator-based free-electron lasers (FELs) are the leading source of fully coherent X-rays with ultra-high peak powers and ultra-short pulse lengths. Current X-ray FEL facilities have proved their worth as useful tools for diverse scientific applications. In this paper, we present an overview of the features and future prospects of X-ray FELs, including the working principles and properties of X-ray FELs, the operational status of different FEL facilities worldwide, the applications supported by such facilities, and the current developments and outlook for X-ray FEL-based research. X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) generate X-ray by electrons flying through a periodic magnetic field. XFELs are the leading X-ray sources with ultra-high brightness and ultra-short duration. XFELs can be launched from either the shot noise of the electron beam or the seed. XFEL-laser collision is proposed to learn the nature of vacuum at SHINE. XFELs are being combined with intense lasers and synchrotron radiation light sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanshun Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haixiao Deng
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
- Corresponding author
| | - Bo Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Zhentang Zhao
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
- Corresponding author
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80
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Loh ZH. Studies of Ultrafast Molecular Dynamics by Femtosecond Extreme Ultraviolet Absorption Spectroscopy. CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.200940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Heng Loh
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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81
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Shakya Y, Inhester L, Arnold C, Welsch R, Santra R. Ultrafast time-resolved x-ray absorption spectroscopy of ionized urea and its dimer through ab initio nonadiabatic dynamics. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2021; 8:034102. [PMID: 34026923 PMCID: PMC8118673 DOI: 10.1063/4.0000076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Investigating the early dynamics of chemical systems following ionization is essential for our understanding of radiation damage. However, experimental as well as theoretical investigations are very challenging due to the complex nature of these processes. Time-resolved x-ray absorption spectroscopy on a femtosecond timescale, in combination with appropriate simulations, is able to provide crucial insights into the ultrafast processes that occur upon ionization due to its element-specific probing nature. In this theoretical study, we investigate the ultrafast dynamics of valence-ionized states of urea and its dimer employing Tully's fewest switches surface hopping approach using Koopmans' theorem to describe the ionized system. We demonstrate that following valence ionization through a pump pulse, the time-resolved x-ray absorption spectra at the carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen K-edges reveal rich insights into the dynamics. Excited states of the ionized system give rise to time-delayed blueshifts in the x-ray absorption spectra as a result of electronic relaxation dynamics through nonadiabatic transitions. Moreover, our statistical analysis reveals specific structural dynamics in the molecule that induce time-dependent changes in the spectra. For the urea monomer, we elucidate the possibility to trace effects of specific molecular vibrations in the time-resolved x-ray absorption spectra. For the urea dimer, where ionization triggers a proton transfer reaction, we show how the x-ray absorption spectra can reveal specific details on the progress of proton transfer.
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82
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Omar KA, Hasnaoui K, de la Lande A. First-Principles Simulations of Biological Molecules Subjected to Ionizing Radiation. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2021; 72:445-465. [PMID: 33878897 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-101419-013639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Ionizing rays cause damage to genomes, proteins, and signaling pathways that normally regulate cell activity, with harmful consequences such as accelerated aging, tumors, and cancers but also with beneficial effects in the context of radiotherapies. While the great pace of research in the twentieth century led to the identification of the molecular mechanisms for chemical lesions on the building blocks of biomacromolecules, the last two decades have brought renewed questions, for example, regarding the formation of clustered damage or the rich chemistry involving the secondary electrons produced by radiolysis. Radiation chemistry is now meeting attosecond science, providing extraordinary opportunities to unravel the very first stages of biological matter radiolysis. This review provides an overview of the recent progress made in this direction, focusing mainly on the atto- to femto- to picosecond timescales. We review promising applications of time-dependent density functional theory in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karwan Ali Omar
- Institut de Chimie Physique, CNRS UMR 8000, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France; .,Department of Chemistry, College of Education, University of Sulaimani, 41005 Kurdistan, Iraq
| | - Karim Hasnaoui
- High Performance Computing User Support Team, Institut du Développement et des Ressources en Informatique Scientifique (IDRIS), 91403 Orsay, France.,Maison de la Simulation, CNRS, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Aurélien de la Lande
- Institut de Chimie Physique, CNRS UMR 8000, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France;
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83
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Wang Y, Wang E, Zhou J, Dorn A, Ren X. Formation of covalently bound C 4H 4 + upon electron-impact ionization of acetylene dimer. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:144301. [PMID: 33858144 DOI: 10.1063/5.0045531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigate the formation mechanisms of covalently bound C4H4 + cations from direct ionization of hydrogen bonded dimers of acetylene molecules through fragment ion and electron coincident momentum spectroscopy and quantum chemistry calculations. The measurements of momenta and energies of two outgoing electrons and one ion in triple-coincidence allow us to assign the ionization channels associated with different ionic fragments. The measured binding energy spectra show that the formation of C4H4 + can be attributed to the ionization of the outermost 1πu orbital of acetylene. The kinetic energy distributions of the ionic fragments indicate that the C4H4 + ions originate from direct ionization of acetylene dimers while ions resulting from the fragmentation of larger clusters would obtain significantly larger momenta. The formation of C4H4 + through the evaporation mechanism in larger clusters is not identified in the present experiments. The calculated potential energy curves show a potential well for the electronic ground state of (C2H2)2+, supporting that the ionization of (C2H2)2 dimers can form stable C2H2⋅C2H2 +(1πu -1) cations. Further transition state analysis and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations reveal a detailed picture of the formation dynamics. After ionization of (C2H2)2, the system undergoes a significant rearrangement of the structure involving, in particular, C-C bond formation and hydrogen migrations, leading to different C44+ isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Enliang Wang
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jiaqi Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Alexander Dorn
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Xueguang Ren
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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84
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Bergmann U, Kern J, Schoenlein RW, Wernet P, Yachandra VK, Yano J. Using X-ray free-electron lasers for spectroscopy of molecular catalysts and metalloenzymes. NATURE REVIEWS. PHYSICS 2021; 3:264-282. [PMID: 34212130 PMCID: PMC8245202 DOI: 10.1038/s42254-021-00289-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The metal centres in metalloenzymes and molecular catalysts are responsible for the rearrangement of atoms and electrons during complex chemical reactions, and they enable selective pathways of charge and spin transfer, bond breaking/making and the formation of new molecules. Mapping the electronic structural changes at the metal sites during the reactions gives a unique mechanistic insight that has been difficult to obtain to date. The development of X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) enables powerful new probes of electronic structure dynamics to advance our understanding of metalloenzymes. The ultrashort, intense and tunable XFEL pulses enable X-ray spectroscopic studies of metalloenzymes, molecular catalysts and chemical reactions, under functional conditions and in real time. In this Technical Review, we describe the current state of the art of X-ray spectroscopy studies at XFELs and highlight some new techniques currently under development. With more XFEL facilities starting operation and more in the planning or construction phase, new capabilities are expected, including high repetition rate, better XFEL pulse control and advanced instrumentation. For the first time, it will be possible to make real-time molecular movies of metalloenzymes and catalysts in solution, while chemical reactions are taking place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Bergmann
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jan Kern
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Robert W. Schoenlein
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Philippe Wernet
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Vittal K. Yachandra
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Junko Yano
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
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85
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Rankine CD, Penfold TJ. Progress in the Theory of X-ray Spectroscopy: From Quantum Chemistry to Machine Learning and Ultrafast Dynamics. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:4276-4293. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c11267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. D. Rankine
- Chemistry—School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - T. J. Penfold
- Chemistry—School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, U.K
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86
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Skomorowski W, Krylov AI. Feshbach–Fano approach for calculation of Auger decay rates using equation-of-motion coupled-cluster wave functions. II. Numerical examples and benchmarks. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:084125. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0036977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Skomorowski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Anna I. Krylov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
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87
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Skomorowski W, Krylov AI. Feshbach-Fano approach for calculation of Auger decay rates using equation-of-motion coupled-cluster wave functions. I. Theory and implementation. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:084124. [PMID: 33639760 DOI: 10.1063/5.0036976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
X-ray absorption creates electron vacancies in the core shell. These highly excited states often relax by Auger decay-an autoionization process in which one valence electron fills the core hole and another valence electron is ejected into the ionization continuum. Despite the important role of Auger processes in many experimental settings, their first-principles modeling is challenging, even for small systems. The difficulty stems from the need to describe many-electron continuum (unbound) states, which cannot be tackled with standard quantum-chemistry methods. We present a novel approach to calculate Auger decay rates by combining Feshbach-Fano resonance theory with the equation-of-motion coupled-cluster single double (EOM-CCSD) framework. We use the core-valence separation scheme to define projectors into the bound (square-integrable) and unbound (continuum) subspaces of the full function space. The continuum many-body decay states are represented by products of an appropriate EOM-CCSD state and a free-electron state, described by a continuum orbital. The Auger rates are expressed in terms of reduced quantities, two-body Dyson amplitudes (objects analogous to the two-particle transition density matrix), contracted with two-electron bound-continuum integrals. Here, we consider two approximate treatments of the free electron: a plane wave and a Coulomb wave with an effective charge, which allow us to evaluate all requisite integrals analytically; however, the theory can be extended to incorporate a more sophisticated description of the continuum orbital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Skomorowski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Anna I Krylov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
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88
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Martins M, Reinwardt S, Schunck JO, Schwarz J, Baev K, Müller A, Buhr T, Perry-Sassmannshausen A, Klumpp S, Schippers S. Disentangling the Photodissociation Dynamics of the HF + Molecular Radical via Kinetic-Energy-Release-Resolved F 1s Core Excitation and Ionization. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:1390-1395. [PMID: 33508188 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c03356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The F 1s core level photoionization of the ionic molecular radical HF+ has been studied using the photon-ion merged-beams technique at a synchrotron radiation source. Upon analyzing kinetic energy release (KER) dependent photoion yield spectra, complex ultrafast dissociation dynamics of the F 1s core hole excited σ* state can be revealed. By means of configuration-interaction electronic structure calculations of the excited molecular potential energy curves, this complex process can be attributed to a spin-dependent dissociation of the excited σ* biradical state.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Martins
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Reinwardt
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - J O Schunck
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - J Schwarz
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - K Baev
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Müller
- Institut für Atom- und Molekülphysik, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Leihgesterner Weg 217, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - T Buhr
- I. Physikalisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - A Perry-Sassmannshausen
- I. Physikalisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - S Klumpp
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Schippers
- I. Physikalisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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89
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Wang CW, Wang J, Liu YS, Li J, Peng XL, Jia CS, Zhang LH, Yi LZ, Liu JY, Li CJ, Jia X. Prediction of the ideal-gas thermodynamic properties for water. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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90
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Engel RY, Ekimova M, Miedema PS, Kleine C, Ludwig J, Ochmann M, Grimm-Lebsanft B, Ma R, Teubner M, Dziarzhytski S, Brenner G, Czwalinna MK, Rösner B, Kim TK, David C, Herres-Pawlis S, Rübhausen M, Nibbering ETJ, Huse N, Beye M. Shot noise limited soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy in solution at a SASE-FEL using a transmission grating beam splitter. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2021; 8:014303. [PMID: 33564694 PMCID: PMC7847311 DOI: 10.1063/4.0000049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy provides element specificity and is a powerful experimental method to probe local unoccupied electronic structures. In the soft x-ray regime, it is especially well suited for the study of 3d-metals and light elements such as nitrogen. Recent developments in vacuum-compatible liquid flat jets have facilitated soft x-ray transmission spectroscopy on molecules in solution, providing information on valence charge distributions of heteroatoms and metal centers. Here, we demonstrate XANES spectroscopy of molecules in solution at the nitrogen K-edge, performed at FLASH, the Free-Electron Laser (FEL) in Hamburg. A split-beam referencing scheme optimally characterizes the strong shot-to-shot fluctuations intrinsic to the process of self-amplified spontaneous emission on which most FELs are based. Due to this normalization, a sensitivity of 1% relative transmission change is achieved, limited by fundamental photon shot noise. The effective FEL bandwidth is increased by streaking the electron energy over the FEL pulse train to measure a wider spectral window without changing FEL parameters. We propose modifications to the experimental setup with the potential of improving the instrument sensitivity by two orders of magnitude, thereby exploiting the high peak fluence of FELs to enable unprecedented sensitivity for femtosecond XANES spectroscopy on liquids in the soft x-ray spectral region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Y. Engel
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maria Ekimova
- Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Carlo Kleine
- Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Ludwig
- Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Miguel Ochmann
- Institut for Nanostructure and Solid-State Physics, CFEL, University of Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Grimm-Lebsanft
- Institut for Nanostructure and Solid-State Physics, CFEL, University of Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rory Ma
- Institut for Nanostructure and Solid-State Physics, CFEL, University of Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Günter Brenner
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Tae Kyu Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 03722 Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Sonja Herres-Pawlis
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael Rübhausen
- Institut for Nanostructure and Solid-State Physics, CFEL, University of Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Erik T. J. Nibbering
- Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nils Huse
- Institut for Nanostructure and Solid-State Physics, CFEL, University of Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Beye
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
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91
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Zhan F, Wang AC, Xu L, Lin S, Shao J, Chen X, Wang ZL. Electron Transfer as a Liquid Droplet Contacting a Polymer Surface. ACS NANO 2020; 14:17565-17573. [PMID: 33232122 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c08332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that substantial electric power can be produced by a liquid-based triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG). However, the mechanisms regarding the electrification between a liquid and a solid surface remain to be extensively investigated. Here, the working mechanism of a droplet-TENG was proposed based on the study of its dynamic saturation process. Moreover, the charge-transfer mechanism at the liquid-solid interface was verified as the hybrid effects of electron transfer and ion adsorption by a simple but valid method. Thus, we proposed a model for the charge distribution at the liquid-solid interface, named Wang's hybrid layer, which involves the electron transfer, the ionization reaction, and the van der Waals force. Our work not only proves that TENG is a probe for investigating charge transfer at interface of all phases, such as solid-solid and liquid-solid, but also may have great significance to water energy harvesting and may revolutionize the traditional understanding of the liquid-solid interface used in many fields such as electrochemistry, catalysis, colloidal science, and even cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhan
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049, China
| | - Aurelia C Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
| | - Liang Xu
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shiquan Lin
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiajia Shao
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiangyu Chen
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
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92
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Zhang H, Li X, Wang W, Mao B, Han Y, Yu Y, Liu Z. Ambient pressure mapping of resonant Auger spectroscopy at BL02B01 at the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:123108. [PMID: 33379983 DOI: 10.1063/5.0020469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
During the past few decades, resonant Auger spectroscopy (RAS) has presented some advantages in elucidating the electronic structure of free molecules, liquids, and solids. To further extend the application of RAS in complex in situ environments, the ambient pressure system should be developed to characterize the gas-solid and liquid-solid interfaces. In this paper, we describe the design and performance of an ambient pressure mapping of resonant Auger spectroscopy (mRAS) system newly developed at BL02B01 at the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility. This system is unique in that the ambient pressure soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy (sXAS) can be measured in Auger electron yield with kinetic energy (KE) resolved. We can obtain a mapping of the resonant Auger spectroscopy (mRAS) in the near ambient pressure environment. This approach provides an additional dimension of information along the KE of Auger electrons to reveal details of the valence and unoccupied states at the vicinity of the absorption edge. Complementary to the photoemission spectroscopy that probes the core levels, in situ two-dimension mRAS characterization is useful in studying the electronic structure of complex interfaces of gas-solid and liquid-solid under realistic operating conditions. We herein present the in situ oxidation of Cu(111) in the ambient oxygen environment as demonstration of the mRAS capability. Specifically, resolving the Auger features gives valuable clues to the molecular level understanding of chemical bonding and the evolution of orbital hybridization. In addition, the mRAS results of spatial resolution and mbar range gas pressure are shown and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Xiaobao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Baohua Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Yong Han
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yi Yu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
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93
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Lu L, Wildman A, Jenkins AJ, Young L, Clark AE, Li X. The "Hole" Story in Ionized Water from the Perspective of Ehrenfest Dynamics. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:9946-9951. [PMID: 33170721 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The radiolysis of liquid water and the radiation-matter interactions that happen in aqueous environments are important to the fields of chemistry, materials, and environmental sciences, as well as the biological and physiological response to extreme conditions and medical treatments. The initial stage of radiolysis is the ultrafast response, or hole dynamics, that triggers chemical processes within complex energetic landscapes that may include reactivity. A fundamental understanding necessitates the use of theoretical methods that are capable of simulating both ultrafast coherence and non-adiabatic energy transfer pathways. In this work, we carry out an ab initio Ehrenfest dynamics study to provide a more complete description of the ultrafast dynamics and reactive events initiated by photoionization of water. After sudden ionization, a range of processes, including hole trapping and transfer, large OH oscillations, proton transfer and subsequent relay, formation of the metastable Zundel complex, and long-lived coherence, are identified and new insight into their driving forces is elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Andrew Wildman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Andrew J Jenkins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Linda Young
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Department of Physics and James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Aurora E Clark
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Xiaosong Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
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94
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Formation of H 3+ from ethane dication induced by electron impact. Commun Chem 2020; 3:160. [PMID: 36703403 PMCID: PMC9814254 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-020-00415-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen migration plays an important role in the chemistry of hydrocarbons which considerably influences their chemical functions. The migration of one or more hydrogen atoms occurring in hydrocarbon cations has an opportunity to produce the simplest polyatomic molecule, i.e. H3+. Here we present a combined experimental and theoretical study of H3+ formation dynamics from ethane dication. The experiment is performed by 300 eV electron impact ionization of ethane and a pronounced yield of H3+ + C2H3+ coincidence channel is observed. The quantum chemistry calculations show that the H3+ formation channel can be opened on the ground-state potential energy surface of ethane dication via transition state and roaming mechanisms. The ab initio molecular dynamics simulation shows that the H3+ can be generated in a wide time range from 70 to 500 fs. Qualitatively, the trajectories of the fast dissociation follow the intrinsic reaction coordinate predicted by the conventional transition state theory. The roaming mechanism, compared to the transition state, occurs within a much longer timescale accompanied by nuclear motion of larger amplitude.
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95
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Demonstration of Transmission Mode Soft X-ray NEXAFS Using Third- and Fifth-Order Harmonics of FEL Radiation at SACLA BL1. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10217852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate the applicability of third- and fifth-order harmonics of free-electron laser (FEL) radiation for soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy in the transmission mode at SACLA BL1, which covers a photon energy range of 20 to 150 eV in the fundamental FEL radiation. By using the third- and fifth-order harmonics of the FEL radiation, we successfully recorded near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectra for Ar 2p core ionization and CO2 C 1s and O 1s core ionizations. Our results show that the utilization of third- and fifth-order harmonics can significantly extend the available photon energies for NEXAFS spectroscopy using an FEL and opens the door to femtosecond pump-probe NEXAFS using a soft X-ray FEL.
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96
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Morzan UN, Videla PE, Soley MB, Nibbering ETJ, Batista VS. Vibronic Dynamics of Photodissociating ICN from Simulations of Ultrafast X‐Ray Absorption Spectroscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202007192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Uriel N. Morzan
- Condensed Matter Section The Abdus Salam International Center for Theoretical Physics Strada Costiera 11 34151 Trieste Italy
- Department of Chemistry Yale University P.O. Box 208107 New Haven CT 06520-8107 USA
| | - Pablo E. Videla
- Department of Chemistry Yale University P.O. Box 208107 New Haven CT 06520-8107 USA
- Energy Sciences Institute Yale University P.O. Box 27394 West Haven CT 06516-7394 USA
| | - Micheline B. Soley
- Department of Chemistry Yale University P.O. Box 208107 New Haven CT 06520-8107 USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Harvard University 12 Oxford Street Cambridge MA 02138 USA
- Yale Quantum Institute Yale University P.O. Box 208334 New Haven CT 06520-8263 USA
| | - Erik T. J. Nibbering
- Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy Max Born Strasse 2A 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Victor S. Batista
- Department of Chemistry Yale University P.O. Box 208107 New Haven CT 06520-8107 USA
- Energy Sciences Institute Yale University P.O. Box 27394 West Haven CT 06516-7394 USA
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97
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Morzan UN, Videla PE, Soley MB, Nibbering ETJ, Batista VS. Vibronic Dynamics of Photodissociating ICN from Simulations of Ultrafast X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:20044-20048. [PMID: 32691867 PMCID: PMC7693200 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202007192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Ultrafast UV-pump/soft-X-ray-probe spectroscopy is a subject of great interest since it can provide detailed information about dynamical photochemical processes with ultrafast resolution and atomic specificity. Here, we focus on the photodissociation of ICN in the 1 Π1 excited state, with emphasis on the transient response in the soft-X-ray spectral region as described by the ab initio spectral lineshape averaged over the nuclear wavepacket probability density. We find that the carbon K-edge spectral region reveals a rich transient response that provides direct insights into the dynamics of frontier orbitals during the I-CN bond cleavage process. The simulated UV-pump/soft-X-ray-probe spectra exhibit detailed dynamical information, including a time-domain signature for coherent vibration associated with the photogenerated CN fragment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uriel N. Morzan
- Condensed Matter SectionThe Abdus Salam International Center for Theoretical PhysicsStrada Costiera 1134151TriesteItaly
- Department of ChemistryYale UniversityP.O. Box 208107New HavenCT06520-8107USA
| | - Pablo E. Videla
- Department of ChemistryYale UniversityP.O. Box 208107New HavenCT06520-8107USA
- Energy Sciences InstituteYale UniversityP.O. Box 27394West HavenCT06516-7394USA
| | - Micheline B. Soley
- Department of ChemistryYale UniversityP.O. Box 208107New HavenCT06520-8107USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyHarvard University12 Oxford StreetCambridgeMA02138USA
- Yale Quantum InstituteYale UniversityP.O. Box 208334New HavenCT06520-8263USA
| | - Erik T. J. Nibbering
- Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse SpectroscopyMax Born Strasse 2A12489BerlinGermany
| | - Victor S. Batista
- Department of ChemistryYale UniversityP.O. Box 208107New HavenCT06520-8107USA
- Energy Sciences InstituteYale UniversityP.O. Box 27394West HavenCT06516-7394USA
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98
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Epshtein M, Scutelnic V, Yang Z, Xue T, Vidal ML, Krylov AI, Coriani S, Leone SR. Table-Top X-ray Spectroscopy of Benzene Radical Cation. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:9524-9531. [PMID: 33107734 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c08736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ultrafast table-top X-ray spectroscopy at the carbon K-edge is used to measure the X-ray spectral features of benzene radical cations (Bz+). The ground state of the cation is prepared selectively by two-photon ionization of neutral benzene, and the X-ray spectra are probed at early times after the ionization by transient absorption using X-rays produced by high harmonic generation (HHG). Bz+ is well-known to undergo Jahn-Teller distortion, leading to a lower symmetry and splitting of the π orbitals. Comparison of the X-ray absorption spectra of the neutral and the cation reveals a splitting of the two degenerate π* orbitals as well as an appearance of a new peak due to excitation to the partially occupied π-subshell. The π* orbital splitting of the cation, elucidated on the basis of high-level calculations in a companion theoretical paper [Vidal et al. J. Phys. Chem. A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpca.0c08732], is discovered to be due to both the symmetry distortion and even more dominant spin coupling of the unpaired electron in the partially vacant π orbital (from ionization) with the unpaired electrons resulting from the transition from the 1sC core orbital to the fully vacant π* orbitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Epshtein
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Valeriu Scutelnic
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Zheyue Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Tian Xue
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Marta L Vidal
- DTU Chemistry - Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anna I Krylov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Sonia Coriani
- DTU Chemistry - Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Stephen R Leone
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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99
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Vidal ML, Epshtein M, Scutelnic V, Yang Z, Xue T, Leone SR, Krylov AI, Coriani S. Interplay of Open-Shell Spin-Coupling and Jahn-Teller Distortion in Benzene Radical Cation Probed by X-ray Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:9532-9541. [PMID: 33103904 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c08732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We report a theoretical investigation and elucidation of the X-ray absorption spectra of neutral benzene and of the benzene cation. The generation of the cation by multiphoton ultraviolet (UV) ionization and the measurement of the carbon K-edge spectra of both species using a table-top high-harmonic generation source are described in the companion experimental paper [Epshtein, M.; et al. J. Phys. Chem. A http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpca.0c08736]. We show that the 1sC → π transition serves as a sensitive signature of the transient cation formation, as it occurs outside of the spectral window of the parent neutral species. Moreover, the presence of the unpaired (spectator) electron in the π-subshell of the cation and the high symmetry of the system result in significant differences relative to neutral benzene in the spectral features associated with the 1sC → π* transitions. High-level calculations using equation-of-motion coupled-cluster theory provide the interpretation of the experimental spectra and insight into the electronic structure of benzene and its cation. The prominent split structure of the 1sC → π* band of the cation is attributed to the interplay between the coupling of the core → π* excitation with the unpaired electron in the π-subshell and the Jahn-Teller distortion. The calculations attribute most of the splitting (∼1-1.2 eV) to the spin coupling, which is visible already at the Franck-Condon structure, and we estimate the additional splitting due to structural relaxation to be around ∼0.1-0.2 eV. These results suggest that X-ray absorption with increased resolution might be able to disentangle electronic and structural aspects of the Jahn-Teller effect in the benzene cation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta L Vidal
- DTU Chemistry - Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Michael Epshtein
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Valeriu Scutelnic
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Zheyue Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Tian Xue
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Stephen R Leone
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Anna I Krylov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Sonia Coriani
- DTU Chemistry - Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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100
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Nanda KD, Krylov AI. Cherry-picking resolvents: A general strategy for convergent coupled-cluster damped response calculations of core-level spectra. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:141104. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0020843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kaushik D. Nanda
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0482, USA
| | - Anna I. Krylov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0482, USA
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