51
|
Regenerating islet-derived protein (Reg)3β plays a crucial role in attenuation of ileitis and colitis in mice. Biochem Biophys Rep 2020; 21:100738. [PMID: 32072024 PMCID: PMC7016002 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2020.100738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerating islet-derived protein (Reg)3β belongs to a member of the Reg family of proteins and has pleiotropic functions, including antimicrobial activity and tissue repair. However, whether Reg3β plays a protective role in the development of colitis and ileitis has not been fully investigated. We generated transgenic mice expressing a short form of cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein (cFLIPs) that promotes necroptosis, a regulated form of cell death. cFLIPs transgenic (CFLARs Tg) mice develop severe ileitis in utero. Although Reg3β is undetectable in the small intestine of wild-type embryos, its expression is aberrantly elevated in the small intestine of CFLARs Tg embryos. To test whether elevated Reg3β attenuates or exacerbates ileitis in CFLARs Tg mice, we generated a Reg3b−/− strain. Reg3b−/− mice grew to adulthood without apparent abnormalities. Deletion of Reg3b in CFLARs Tg mice exacerbated the embryonic lethality of CFLARs Tg mice. Dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis, characterized by body weight loss and infiltration of neutrophils, was exacerbated in Reg3b−/− compared to wild-type mice. Moreover, the expression of Interleukin 6, an inflammatory cytokine and Chitinase-like 3, a marker for tissue repair macrophages was elevated in the colon of Reg3b−/− mice compared to wild-type mice after DSS treatment. Together, these results suggest that attenuation of colitis and ileitis is a result of Reg3β′s real function. The expression of Reg3β is elevated in the embryonic small intestine of CFLARs Tg mice. Reg3b−/− mice grow to adulthood without apparent abnormalities. Dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis is exacerbated in Reg3b−/− mice. Deletion of Reg3b exacerbates ileitis in CFLARs Tg mice.
Collapse
Key Words
- Arg1, Arginase-1
- CFLARs Tg, cFLIPs transgenic
- Cellular FLICE-Inhibitory protein
- Chitinase-like 3, Chil3
- Colitis
- DSS, dextran sulfate sodium
- Dextran sulfate sodium
- GFP, green fluorescent protein
- IECs, intestinal epithelial cells
- IL, interleukin
- ILC3, group 3 innate lymphoid cell
- Ileitis
- MLKL, mixed lineage kinase domain–like protein
- Mrc1, Mannose receptor C-type 1
- RIPK, receptor-interacting protein kinase
- RORγt, RAR-related orphan receptor gamma t
- Reg, regenerating islet-derived protein
- Regenerating islet-derived protein
- Retnla, Resistin-like alpha
- STAT, signal transducer and activator of transcription
- cFLIPs and L, cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein, short and long forms
- pSTAT3, phospho-STAT3
- qPCR, quantitative polymerase chain reaction
Collapse
|
52
|
Bouchery T, Harris N. Neutrophil-macrophage cooperation and its impact on tissue repair. Immunol Cell Biol 2020; 97:289-298. [PMID: 30710448 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Immune cells are rapidly recruited to a site of injury or infection. Although the importance of phagocytic immune cells in clearing bacteria has long been appreciated, the advent of technologies allowing more in-depth analysis of cellular function, such as intravital microscopy and the use of genetically modified animal models, has allowed much deeper insight into the complex roles of these cells play during tissue repair. Many immune cells contribute to the repair process; however, this review will concentrate on the involvement of the phagocytes, namely macrophages and neutrophils, with a particular focus on our more recent understanding of how interactions between these two cell types impact on the final outcome of tissue repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Bouchery
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nicola Harris
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Abstract
The cellular degradative pathway of autophagy prevents unrestrained inflammatory signaling by removing intracellular microbes, damaged organelles, and other factors that trigger immune reactions. Consistent with this function, a common variant of the autophagy gene ATG16L1 is associated with susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a disorder characterized by a chronic immune reaction directed against the gut microbiota. We recently contributed to our understanding of the link between autophagy and inflammatory signaling in the intestine by demonstrating that autophagy proteins including ATG16L1 are necessary in the epithelium to prevent a spontaneous type I interferon response to the gut microbiota. Enhanced innate immunity that occurs upon autophagy inhibition is protective in mouse models of infection by an enteric bacterial pathogen and acute epithelial injury. Although avoiding excess immune reactions towards the microbiota is necessary to prevent IBD, these observations indicate that autophagy hampers productive immunity at the intestinal epithelial barrier in certain contexts. Here, we discuss how this counterintuitive consequence of autophagy inhibition can be reconciled with the established beneficial role of the pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia K. Martin
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Sackler Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ken Cadwell
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- CONTACT Ken Cadwell Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, ACLS-WT 409, 430 East 29th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
A Dual Role for Macrophages in Modulating Lung Tissue Damage/Repair during L2 Toxocara canis Infection. Pathogens 2019; 8:pathogens8040280. [PMID: 31810203 PMCID: PMC6963574 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8040280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages that are classically activated (M1) through the IFN-γ/STAT1 signaling pathway have a major role in mediating inflammation during microbial and parasitic infections. In some cases, unregulated inflammation induces tissue damage. In helminth infections, alternatively activated macrophages (M2), whose activation occurs mainly via the IL-4/STAT6 pathway, have a major role in mediating protection against excessive inflammation, and has been associated with both tissue repair and parasite clearance. During the lung migratory stage of Toxocara canis, the roles of M1 and M2 macrophages in tissue repair remain unknown. To assess this, we orally infected wild-type (WT) and STAT1 and STAT6-deficient mice (STAT1-/- and STAT6-/-) with L2 T. canis, and evaluated the role of M1 or M2 macrophages in lung pathology. The absence of STAT1 favored an M2 activation pattern with Arg1, FIZZ1, and Ym1 expression, which resulted in parasite resistance and lung tissue repair. In contrast, the absence of STAT6 induced M1 activation and iNOS expression, which helped control parasitic infection but generated increased inflammation and lung pathology. Next, macrophages were depleted by intratracheally inoculating mice with clodronate-loaded liposomes. We found a significant reduction in alveolar macrophages that was associated with higher lung pathology in both WT and STAT1-/- mice; in contrast, STAT6-/- mice receiving clodronate-liposomes displayed less tissue damage, indicating critical roles of both macrophage phenotypes in lung pathology and tissue repair. Therefore, a proper balance between inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses during T. canis infection is necessary to limit lung pathology and favor lung healing.
Collapse
|
55
|
Chen YT, Hsu H, Lin CC, Pan SY, Liu SY, Wu CF, Tsai PZ, Liao CT, Cheng HT, Chiang WC, Chen YM, Chu TS, Lin SL. Inflammatory macrophages switch to CCL17-expressing phenotype and promote peritoneal fibrosis. J Pathol 2019; 250:55-66. [PMID: 31579932 DOI: 10.1002/path.5350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Peritoneal fibrosis remains a problem in kidney failure patients treated with peritoneal dialysis. Severe peritoneal fibrosis with encapsulation or encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis is devastating and life-threatening. Although submesothelial fibroblasts as the major precursor of scar-producing myofibroblasts in animal models and M2 macrophage (Mϕ)-derived chemokines in peritoneal effluents of patients before diagnosis of encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis have been identified, attenuation of peritoneal fibrosis is an unmet medical need partly because the mechanism for cross talk between Mϕs and fibroblasts remains unclear. We use a sodium hypochlorite-induced mouse model akin to clinical encapsulated peritoneal sclerosis to study how the peritoneal Mϕs activate fibroblasts and fibrosis. Sodium hypochlorite induces the disappearance of CD11bhigh F4/80high resident Mϕs but accumulation of CD11bint F4/80int inflammatory Mϕs (InfMϕs) through recruiting blood monocytes and activating local cell proliferation. InfMϕs switch to express chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 17 (CCL17), CCL22, and arginase-1 from day 2 after hypochlorite injury. More than 75% of InfMϕs undergo genetic recombination by Csf1r-driven Cre recombinase, providing the possibility to reduce myofibroblasts and fibrosis by diphtheria toxin-induced Mϕ ablation from day 2 after injury. Furthermore, administration of antibody against CCL17 can reduce Mϕs, myofibroblasts, fibrosis, and improve peritoneal function after injury. Mechanistically, CCL17 stimulates migration and collagen production of submesothelial fibroblasts in culture. By breeding mice that are induced to express red fluorescent protein in Mϕs and green fluorescence protein (GFP) in Col1a1-expressing cells, we confirmed that Mϕs do not produce collagen in peritoneum before and after injury. However, small numbers of fibrocytes are found in fibrotic peritoneum of chimeric mice with bone marrow from Col1a1-GFP reporter mice, but they do not contribute to myofibroblasts. These data demonstrate that InfMϕs switch to pro-fibrotic phenotype and activate peritoneal fibroblasts through CCL17 after injury. CCL17 blockade in patients with peritoneal fibrosis may provide a novel therapy. © 2019 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ting Chen
- Department of Integrated Diagnostics and Therapeutics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Renal Division, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, E-DA Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hao Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chun Lin
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Yu Pan
- Renal Division, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Renal Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Yun Liu
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Fang Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, E-DA Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Zhen Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Te Liao
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Hui-Teng Cheng
- Renal Division, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chih Chiang
- Renal Division, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Ming Chen
- Renal Division, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Shinn Chu
- Renal Division, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shuei-Liong Lin
- Department of Integrated Diagnostics and Therapeutics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Renal Division, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Ponomarev AV, Shubina IZ. Insights Into Mechanisms of Tumor and Immune System Interaction: Association With Wound Healing. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1115. [PMID: 31709183 PMCID: PMC6823879 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A large number of studies have presented a great deal of information about tumor and immune system interaction. Nevertheless, the problem of tumor evasion from the immune reaction is still difficult to resolve. Understanding the ways in which immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment develops and maintains its potential is of utmost importance to ensure the best use of the suppressed immune functions. The study presents a review covering the data on tumor-associated antigens, mechanisms of tumor evasion from the immune reactions, and search for common immunosuppressive processes of tumor growth and normal wound healing. The study discusses the important role of monocytes/macrophages in the regulation of immune system reactions. We suggest that the simultaneous actions of growth factors and pro-inflammatory cytokines may result in the suppression of the immune system. The study describes intracellular signaling molecules that take part in the regulation of the myeloid cell functions. If the hypothesis is proved correct, the indicated interaction of cytokines could be regarded as a prospective target for antitumor therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Irina Zh Shubina
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Dick SA, Zaman R, Epelman S. Using High-Dimensional Approaches to Probe Monocytes and Macrophages in Cardiovascular Disease. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2146. [PMID: 31572369 PMCID: PMC6751379 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
High dimensional approaches that characterize single cells at unprecedented depth have helped uncover unappreciated heterogeneity, a better understanding of myeloid cell origins, developmental relationships and functions. These advancements are particularly important in cardiovascular disease, which remains the leading cause of death worldwide. Gradual, monocyte-dependent inflammatory processes, such as the development of atherosclerotic plaque within arterial vessels, contrasts with the robust acute response within the myocardium that occurs when a vessel is occluded. Monocytes and macrophages differentially contribute to tissue injury, repair and regeneration in these contexts, yet many questions remain about which myeloid cell types are involved in a coordinated, organ-level sterile inflammatory response. Single cell RNA sequencing, combined with functional analyses have demonstrated that at least three populations of resident cardiac macrophages exist, and after tissue injury, there is significant diversification of the tissue macrophage pool driven by recruited monocytes. While these studies have provided important insights, they raise many new questions and avenues for future exploration. For example, how do transcriptionally defined sub-populations of cardiac macrophages relate to each other? Are they different activation states along a pre-defined trajectory of macrophage differentiation or do local microenvironments drive newly recruited monocytes into distinct functions? The answers to these questions will require integration of high-dimensional approaches into biologically relevant in vivo experimental systems to ensure the predicted heterogeneity possess a functional outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Dick
- University Health Network, Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rysa Zaman
- University Health Network, Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Slava Epelman
- University Health Network, Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Peter Munk Cardiac Center, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Rheumatic manifestations of chikungunya: emerging concepts and interventions. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2019; 15:597-611. [DOI: 10.1038/s41584-019-0276-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
59
|
Wolf AA, Yáñez A, Barman PK, Goodridge HS. The Ontogeny of Monocyte Subsets. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1642. [PMID: 31379841 PMCID: PMC6650567 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical and non-classical monocytes, and the macrophages and monocyte-derived dendritic cells they produce, play key roles in host defense against pathogens, immune regulation, tissue repair and many other processes throughout the body. Recent studies have revealed previously unappreciated heterogeneity among monocytes that may explain this functional diversity, but our understanding of mechanisms controlling the functional programming of distinct monocyte subsets remains incomplete. Resolving monocyte heterogeneity and understanding how their functional identity is determined holds great promise for therapeutic immune modulation. In this review, we examine how monocyte origins and developmental influences shape the phenotypic and functional characteristics of monocyte subsets during homeostasis and in the context of infection, inflammation, and cancer. We consider how extrinsic signals and transcriptional regulators impact monocyte production and functional programming, as well as the influence of epigenetic and metabolic mechanisms. We also examine the evidence that functionally distinct monocyte subsets are produced via different developmental pathways during homeostasis and that inflammatory stimuli differentially target progenitors during an emergency response. We highlight the need for a more comprehensive understanding of the relationship between monocyte ontogeny and heterogeneity, including multiparametric single-cell profiling and functional analyses. Studies defining mechanisms of monocyte subset production and maintenance of unique monocyte identities have the potential to facilitate the design of therapeutic interventions to target specific monocyte subsets in a variety of disease contexts, including infectious and inflammatory diseases, cancer, and aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anja A Wolf
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Research Division of Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Alberto Yáñez
- Departament de Microbiologia i Ecologia, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain.,Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Pijus K Barman
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Research Division of Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Helen S Goodridge
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Research Division of Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Watanabe S, Alexander M, Misharin AV, Budinger GRS. The role of macrophages in the resolution of inflammation. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:2619-2628. [PMID: 31107246 DOI: 10.1172/jci124615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 466] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are tissue-resident or infiltrated immune cells critical for innate immunity, normal tissue development, homeostasis, and repair of damaged tissue. Macrophage function is a sum of their ontogeny, the local environment in which they reside, and the type of injuries or pathogen to which they are exposed. In this Review, we discuss the role of macrophages in the restoration of tissue function after injury, highlighting important questions about how they respond to and modify the local microenvironment to restore homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Watanabe
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Michael Alexander
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Alexander V Misharin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - G R Scott Budinger
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Rolot M, M Dougall A, Javaux J, Lallemand F, Machiels B, Martinive P, Gillet L, Dewals BG. Recruitment of hepatic macrophages from monocytes is independent of IL-4Rα but is associated with ablation of resident macrophages in schistosomiasis. Eur J Immunol 2019; 49:1067-1081. [PMID: 30919955 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201847796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Alternatively activated Mφs (AAMφ) accumulate in hepatic granulomas during schistosomiasis and have been suggested to originate in the bone marrow. What is less understood is how these Mφ responses are regulated after S. mansoni infection. Here, we investigated the role of IL-4 receptor α-chain (IL-4Rα)-signalling in the dynamics of liver Mφ responses. We observed that IL-4Rα signalling was dispensable for the recruitment of Ly6Chi monocytes and for their conversion into F4/80hi CD64hi CD11bhi Mφ. Moreover, while IL-4Rα provided an AAMφ phenotype to liver F4/80hi CD64hi CD11bhi Mφ that was associated with regulation of granuloma formation, it was dispensable for host survival. Resident F4/80hi CD64hi CD11blo Mφ did not upregulate the AAMφ signature gene Ym1. Rather, resident Mφ nearly disappeared by week 8 after infection and artificial ablation of resident Mφ in CD169DTR mice did not affect the response to S. mansoni infection. Interestingly, ablation of CD169+ cells in naive mice resulted in the accumulation of F4/80hi CD64hi CD11bhi Mφ, which was amplified when ablation occurred during schistosomiasis. Altogether, our results suggest the ablation of resident KCs after S. mansoni infection to be associated with the recruitment and accumulation of F4/80hi CD64hi CD11bhi Mφ with lyz2-dependent IL-4Rα contributing to the regulation of granuloma inflammation but being dispensable for host survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marion Rolot
- Immunology-Vaccinology, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine - FARAH, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Annette M Dougall
- Immunology-Vaccinology, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine - FARAH, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Justine Javaux
- Immunology-Vaccinology, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine - FARAH, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Bénédicte Machiels
- Immunology-Vaccinology, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine - FARAH, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Laurent Gillet
- Immunology-Vaccinology, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine - FARAH, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Benjamin G Dewals
- Immunology-Vaccinology, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine - FARAH, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Pascual-Gil S, Epelman S. Monocyte-Derived Macrophages: The Missing Link in Organ Transplantation. Immunity 2019; 49:783-785. [PMID: 30462990 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Successful organ transplantation requires an optimal innate immune response to avoid tissue injury. In this issue of Immunity, Braza et al. (2018) inhibit pro-inflammatory activation of infiltrating graft macrophages using nanotechnology tools to promote immune tolerance, leading to long-term transplant acceptance in mouse models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Pascual-Gil
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Slava Epelman
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto; Peter Munk Cardiac Centre; Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Sima C, Viniegra A, Glogauer M. Macrophage immunomodulation in chronic osteolytic diseases-the case of periodontitis. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 105:473-487. [PMID: 30452781 PMCID: PMC6386606 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.1ru0818-310r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis (PD) is a chronic osteolytic disease that shares pathogenic inflammatory features with other conditions associated with nonresolving inflammation. A hallmark of PD is inflammation-mediated alveolar bone loss. Myeloid cells, in particular polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) and macrophages (Mac), are essential players in PD by control of gingival biofilm pathogenicity, activation of adaptive immunity, as well as nonresolving inflammation and collateral tissue damage. Despite mounting evidence of significant innate immune implications to PD progression and healing after therapy, myeloid cell markers and targets for immune modulation have not been validated for clinical use. The remarkable plasticity of monocytes/Mac in response to local activation factors enables these cells to play central roles in inflammation and restoration of tissue homeostasis and provides opportunities for biomarker and therapeutic target discovery for management of chronic inflammatory conditions, including osteolytic diseases such as PD and arthritis. Along a wide spectrum of activation states ranging from proinflammatory to pro-resolving, Macs respond to environmental changes in a site-specific manner in virtually all tissues. This review summarizes the existing evidence on Mac immunomodulation therapies for osteolytic diseases in the broader context of conditions associated with nonresolving inflammation, and discusses osteoimmune implications of Macs in PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Corneliu Sima
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ana Viniegra
- Dental Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Glogauer
- Dental Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Stegelmeier AA, van Vloten JP, Mould RC, Klafuric EM, Minott JA, Wootton SK, Bridle BW, Karimi K. Myeloid Cells during Viral Infections and Inflammation. Viruses 2019; 11:E168. [PMID: 30791481 PMCID: PMC6410039 DOI: 10.3390/v11020168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid cells represent a diverse range of innate leukocytes that are crucial for mounting successful immune responses against viruses. These cells are responsible for detecting pathogen-associated molecular patterns, thereby initiating a signaling cascade that results in the production of cytokines such as interferons to mitigate infections. The aim of this review is to outline recent advances in our knowledge of the roles that neutrophils and inflammatory monocytes play in initiating and coordinating host responses against viral infections. A focus is placed on myeloid cell development, trafficking and antiviral mechanisms. Although known for promoting inflammation, there is a growing body of literature which demonstrates that myeloid cells can also play critical regulatory or immunosuppressive roles, especially following the elimination of viruses. Additionally, the ability of myeloid cells to control other innate and adaptive leukocytes during viral infections situates these cells as key, yet under-appreciated mediators of pathogenic inflammation that can sometimes trigger cytokine storms. The information presented here should assist researchers in integrating myeloid cell biology into the design of novel and more effective virus-targeted therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley A Stegelmeier
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Jacob P van Vloten
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Robert C Mould
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Elaine M Klafuric
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Jessica A Minott
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Sarah K Wootton
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Byram W Bridle
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Khalil Karimi
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Dick SA, Macklin JA, Nejat S, Momen A, Clemente-Casares X, Althagafi MG, Chen J, Kantores C, Hosseinzadeh S, Aronoff L, Wong A, Zaman R, Barbu I, Besla R, Lavine KJ, Razani B, Ginhoux F, Husain M, Cybulsky MI, Robbins CS, Epelman S. Self-renewing resident cardiac macrophages limit adverse remodeling following myocardial infarction. Nat Immunol 2019; 20:29-39. [PMID: 30538339 PMCID: PMC6565365 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-018-0272-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 476] [Impact Index Per Article: 95.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages promote both injury and repair after myocardial infarction, but discriminating functions within mixed populations remains challenging. Here we used fate mapping, parabiosis and single-cell transcriptomics to demonstrate that at steady state, TIMD4+LYVE1+MHC-IIloCCR2- resident cardiac macrophages self-renew with negligible blood monocyte input. Monocytes partially replaced resident TIMD4-LYVE1-MHC-IIhiCCR2- macrophages and fully replaced TIMD4-LYVE1-MHC-IIhiCCR2+ macrophages, revealing a hierarchy of monocyte contribution to functionally distinct macrophage subsets. Ischemic injury reduced TIMD4+ and TIMD4- resident macrophage abundance, whereas CCR2+ monocyte-derived macrophages adopted multiple cell fates within infarcted tissue, including those nearly indistinguishable from resident macrophages. Recruited macrophages did not express TIMD4, highlighting the ability of TIMD4 to track a subset of resident macrophages in the absence of fate mapping. Despite this similarity, inducible depletion of resident macrophages using a Cx3cr1-based system led to impaired cardiac function and promoted adverse remodeling primarily within the peri-infarct zone, revealing a nonredundant, cardioprotective role of resident cardiac macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Dick
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network (UHN), Toronto, Canada
- Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jillian A Macklin
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network (UHN), Toronto, Canada
- Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sara Nejat
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network (UHN), Toronto, Canada
| | - Abdul Momen
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network (UHN), Toronto, Canada
| | - Xavier Clemente-Casares
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network (UHN), Toronto, Canada
| | - Marwan G Althagafi
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network (UHN), Toronto, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jinmiao Chen
- Singapore Immunology Network(SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Crystal Kantores
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network (UHN), Toronto, Canada
| | - Siyavash Hosseinzadeh
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network (UHN), Toronto, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Laura Aronoff
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network (UHN), Toronto, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Anthony Wong
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network (UHN), Toronto, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Rysa Zaman
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network (UHN), Toronto, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Iulia Barbu
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network (UHN), Toronto, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Rickvinder Besla
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network (UHN), Toronto, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kory J Lavine
- Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Babak Razani
- Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- John Cochran VA Medical Center, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Florent Ginhoux
- Singapore Immunology Network(SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mansoor Husain
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network (UHN), Toronto, Canada
- Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Myron I Cybulsky
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network (UHN), Toronto, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Clinton S Robbins
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network (UHN), Toronto, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Slava Epelman
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network (UHN), Toronto, Canada.
- Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Bain CC, Schridde A. Origin, Differentiation, and Function of Intestinal Macrophages. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2733. [PMID: 30538701 PMCID: PMC6277706 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are increasingly recognized as essential players in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis and as key sentinels of the intestinal immune system. However, somewhat paradoxically, they are also implicated in chronic pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and are therefore considered potential targets for novel therapies. In this review, we will discuss recent advances in our understanding of intestinal macrophage heterogeneity, their ontogeny and the potential factors that regulate their origin. We will describe how the local environment of the intestine imprints the phenotypic and functional identity of the macrophage compartment, and how this changes during intestinal inflammation and infection. Finally, we highlight key outstanding questions that should be the focus of future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Calum C Bain
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Anika Schridde
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|