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Eshun D, Saraf R, Bae S, Jeganathan J, Mahmood F, Dilmen S, Ke Q, Lee D, Kang PM, Matyal R. Neuropeptide Y 3-36 incorporated into PVAX nanoparticle improves functional blood flow in a murine model of hind limb ischemia. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2017; 122:1388-1397. [PMID: 28302707 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00467.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We generated a novel nanoparticle called PVAX, which has intrinsic antiapoptotic and anti-inflammatory properties. This nanoparticle was loaded with neuropeptide Y3-36 (NPY3-36), an angiogenic neurohormone that plays a central role in angiogenesis. Subsequently, we investigated whether PVAX-NPY3-36 could act as a therapeutic agent and induce angiogenesis and vascular remodeling in a murine model of hind limb ischemia. Adult C57BL/J6 mice (n = 40) were assigned to treatment groups: control, ischemia PBS, ischemia PVAX, ischemia NPY3-36, and Ischemia PVAX-NPY3-36 Ischemia was induced by ligation of the femoral artery in all groups except control and given relevant treatments (PBS, PVAX, NPY3-36, and PVAX-NPY3-36). Blood flow was quantified using laser Doppler imaging. On days 3 and 14 posttreatment, mice were euthanized to harvest gastrocnemius muscle for immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting. Blood flow was significantly improved in the PVAX-NPY3-36 group after 14 days. Western blot showed an increase in angiogenic factors VEGF-R2 and PDGF-β (P = 0.0035 and P = 0.031, respectively) and antiapoptotic marker Bcl-2 in the PVAX-NPY3-36 group compared with ischemia PBS group (P = 0.023). Proapoptotic marker Smad5 was significantly decreased in the PVAX-NPY3-36 group as compared with the ischemia PBS group (P = 0.028). Furthermore, Y2 receptors were visualized in endothelial cells of newly formed arteries in the PVAX-NPY3-36 group. In conclusion, we were able to show that PVAX-NPY3-36 can induce angiogenesis and arteriogenesis as well as improve functional blood flow in a murine model of hind limb ischemia.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our research project proposes a novel method for drug delivery. Our patented PVAX nanoparticle can detect areas of ischemia and oxidative stress. Although there have been studies about delivering angiogenic molecules to areas of ischemic injury, there are drawbacks of nonspecific delivery as well as short half-lives. Our study is unique because it can specifically deliver NPY3-36 to ischemic tissue and appears to extend the amount of time therapy is available, despite NPY3-36's short half-life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Eshun
- Cardiovascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rabya Saraf
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Soochan Bae
- Cardiovascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jelliffe Jeganathan
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care & Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Feroze Mahmood
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care & Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Serkan Dilmen
- Cardiovascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Qingen Ke
- Cardiovascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dongwon Lee
- Department of Polymer⋅Nano Science and Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Peter M Kang
- Cardiovascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Robina Matyal
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care & Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
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Zhu H, Cai X, Wu L, Gu Z. A facile one-step gelation approach simultaneously combining physical and chemical cross-linking for the preparation of injectable hydrogels. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:3145-3153. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb00396j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Lister Z, Rayner KJ, Suuronen EJ. How Biomaterials Can Influence Various Cell Types in the Repair and Regeneration of the Heart after Myocardial Infarction. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2016; 4:62. [PMID: 27486578 PMCID: PMC4948030 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2016.00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The healthy heart comprises many different cell types that work together to preserve optimal function. However, in a diseased heart the function of one or more cell types is compromised which can lead to many adverse events, one of which is myocardial infarction (MI). Immediately after MI, the cardiac environment is characterized by excessive cardiomyocyte death and inflammatory signals leading to the recruitment of macrophages to clear the debris. Proliferating fibroblasts then invade, and a collagenous scar is formed to prevent rupture. Better functional restoration of the heart is not achieved due to the limited regenerative capacity of cardiac tissue. To address this, biomaterial therapy is being investigated as an approach to improve regeneration in the infarcted heart, as they can possess the potential to control cell function in the infarct environment and limit the adverse compensatory changes that occur post-MI. Over the past decade, there has been considerable research into the development of biomaterials for cardiac regeneration post-MI; and various effects have been observed on different cell types depending on the biomaterial that is applied. Biomaterial treatment has been shown to enhance survival, improve function, promote proliferation, and guide the mobilization and recruitment of different cells in the post-MI heart. This review will provide a summary on the biomaterials developed to enhance cardiac regeneration and remodeling post-MI with a focus on how they control macrophages, cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells. A better understanding of how a biomaterial interacts with the different cell types in the heart may lead to the development of a more optimized biomaterial therapy for cardiac regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Lister
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Katey J Rayner
- Atherosclerosis, Genomics and Cell Biology Group, University of Ottawa Heart Institute , Ottawa, ON , Canada
| | - Erik J Suuronen
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Sonomicrometry-Based Analysis of Post-Myocardial Infarction Regional Mechanics. Ann Biomed Eng 2016; 44:3539-3552. [PMID: 27411709 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-016-1694-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Following myocardial infarction (MI), detrimental changes to the geometry, composition, and mechanical properties of the left ventricle (LV) are initiated in a process generally termed adverse post-MI remodeling. Cumulatively, these changes lead to a loss of LV function and are deterministic factors in the progression to heart failure. Proposed therapeutic strategies to target aberrant LV mechanics post-MI have shown potential to stabilize LV functional indices throughout the remodeling process. The in vivo quantification of LV mechanics, particularly within the MI region, is therefore essential to the continued development and evaluation of strategies to interrupt the post-MI remodeling process. The present study utilizes a porcine MI model and in vivo sonomicrometry to characterize MI region stiffness at 14 days post-MI. Obtained results demonstrate a significant dependence of mechanical properties on location and direction within the MI region, as well as cardiac phase. While approaches for comprehensive characterization of LV mechanics post-MI still need to be improved and standardized, our findings provide insight into the issues and complexities that must be considered within the MI region itself.
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55
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Novel therapeutic strategies targeting fibroblasts and fibrosis in heart disease. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2016; 15:620-638. [PMID: 27339799 DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2016.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of the functions of cardiac fibroblasts has moved beyond their roles in heart structure and extracellular matrix generation and now includes their contributions to paracrine, mechanical and electrical signalling during ontogenesis and normal cardiac activity. Fibroblasts also have central roles in pathogenic remodelling during myocardial ischaemia, hypertension and heart failure. As key contributors to scar formation, they are crucial for tissue repair after interventions including surgery and ablation. Novel experimental approaches targeting cardiac fibroblasts are promising potential therapies for heart disease. Indeed, several existing drugs act, at least partially, through effects on cardiac connective tissue. This Review outlines the origins and roles of fibroblasts in cardiac development, homeostasis and disease; illustrates the involvement of fibroblasts in current and emerging clinical interventions; and identifies future targets for research and development.
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Ongstad EL, Gourdie RG. Can heart function lost to disease be regenerated by therapeutic targeting of cardiac scar tissue? Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 58:41-54. [PMID: 27234380 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction results in scar tissue that cannot actively contribute to heart mechanical function and frequently causes lethal arrhythmias. The healing response after infarction involves inflammation, biochemical signaling, changes in cellular phenotype, activity, and organization, and alterations in electrical conduction due to variations in cell and tissue geometry and alterations in protein expression, organization, and function - particularly in membrane channels. The intensive research focus on regeneration of myocardial tissues has, as of yet, only met with modest success, with no near-term prospect of improving standard-of-care for patients with heart disease. An alternative concept for novel therapeutic approach is the rejuvenation of cardiac electrical and mechanical properties through the modification of scar tissue. Several peptide therapeutics, locally applied genetic therapies, or delivery of genetically modified cells have shown promise in improving the characteristics of the fibrous scar and post-myocardial infarction prognosis in experimental models. This review highlights several factors that contribute to arrhythmogenesis in scar formation and how these might be targeted to regenerate some of the electrical and mechanical function of the post-MI scar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L Ongstad
- Center for Heart and Regenerative Medicine Research, Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, 2 Riverside Circle, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA.
| | - Robert G Gourdie
- Center for Heart and Regenerative Medicine Research, Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, 2 Riverside Circle, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA; Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, 317 Kelly Hall, Stanger Street, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; Department of Emergency Medicine, Carilion Clinic, 1906 Belleview Avenue, Roanoke VA 24014, USA.
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57
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Garbayo E, Gavira JJ, de Yebenes MG, Pelacho B, Abizanda G, Lana H, Blanco-Prieto MJ, Prosper F. Catheter-based Intramyocardial Injection of FGF1 or NRG1-loaded MPs Improves Cardiac Function in a Preclinical Model of Ischemia-Reperfusion. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25932. [PMID: 27184924 PMCID: PMC4868965 DOI: 10.1038/srep25932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular protein therapeutics such as neuregulin (NRG1) and acidic-fibroblast growth factor (FGF1) requires new formulation strategies that allow for sustained bioavailability of the drug in the infarcted myocardium. However, there is no FDA-approved injectable protein delivery platform due to translational concerns about biomaterial administration through cardiac catheters. We therefore sought to evaluate the efficacy of percutaneous intramyocardial injection of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microparticles (MPs) loaded with NRG1 and FGF1 using the NOGA MYOSTAR injection catheter in a porcine model of ischemia-reperfusion. NRG1- and FGF1-loaded MPs were prepared using a multiple emulsion solvent-evaporation technique. Infarcted pigs were treated one week after ischemia-reperfusion with MPs containing NRG1, FGF1 or non-loaded MPs delivered via clinically-translatable percutaneous transendocardial-injection. Three months post-treatment, echocardiography indicated a significant improvement in systolic and diastolic cardiac function. Moreover, improvement in bipolar voltage and decrease in transmural infarct progression was demonstrated by electromechanical NOGA-mapping. Functional benefit was associated with an increase in myocardial vascularization and remodeling. These findings in a large animal model of ischemia-reperfusion demonstrate the feasibility and efficacy of using MPs as a delivery system for growth factors and provide strong evidence to move forward with clinical studies using therapeutic proteins combined with catheter-compatible biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Garbayo
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Juan José Gavira
- Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Hematology, Cardiology and Cell Therapy, Clínica Universidad de Navarra and Foundation for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Manuel Garcia de Yebenes
- Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Hematology, Cardiology and Cell Therapy, Clínica Universidad de Navarra and Foundation for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Pelacho
- Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Hematology, Cardiology and Cell Therapy, Clínica Universidad de Navarra and Foundation for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gloria Abizanda
- Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Hematology, Cardiology and Cell Therapy, Clínica Universidad de Navarra and Foundation for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Hugo Lana
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - María José Blanco-Prieto
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Felipe Prosper
- Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Hematology, Cardiology and Cell Therapy, Clínica Universidad de Navarra and Foundation for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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58
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Lundy DJ, Chen KH, Toh EKW, Hsieh PCH. Distribution of Systemically Administered Nanoparticles Reveals a Size-Dependent Effect Immediately following Cardiac Ischaemia-Reperfusion Injury. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25613. [PMID: 27161857 PMCID: PMC4861966 DOI: 10.1038/srep25613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles represent an attractive option for systemic delivery of therapeutic compounds to the heart following myocardial infarction. However, it is well known that physicochemical properties of nanoparticles such as size, shape and surface modifications can vastly alter the distribution and uptake of injected nanoparticles. Therefore, we aimed to provide an examination of the rapid size-dependent uptake of fluorescent PEG-modified polystyrene nanoparticles administered immediately following cardiac ischaemia-reperfusion injury in mice. By assessing the biodistribution of nanoparticles with core diameters between 20 nm and 2 μm 30 minutes after their administration, we conclude that 20-200 nm diameter nanoparticles are optimal for passive targeting of the injured left ventricle.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Lundy
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Hung Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Elsie K.-W. Toh
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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59
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Awada HK, Johnson LA, Hitchens TK, Foley LM, Wang Y. Factorial Design of Experiments to Optimize Multiple Protein Delivery for Cardiac Repair. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2016; 2:879-886. [PMID: 33440484 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a major cardiovascular disease responsible for millions of deaths annually. Protein therapies can potentially repair and regenerate the infarcted myocardium. However, because of the short half-lives of proteins in vivo, their low retention at the target tissue, and the lack of spatiotemporal cues upon injection, the efficacy of protein therapy can be limited. This efficacy can be improved by utilizing controlled release systems to overcome shortcomings associated with a direct bolus injection. Equally important is the determination of an optimal combination of different proteins having distinct roles in cardiac function and repairs to prevent or reverse the multiple pathologies that develop after infarction. In this work, we used a rat MI model to test a combination of potentially complementary proteins: tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 3 (TIMP-3), interleukin-10 (IL-10), basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2), and stromal cell-derived factor 1 alpha (SDF-1α). To achieve controlled and timed release of the proteins per their physiologic cues during proper tissue repair, we used a fibrin gel-coacervate composite. TIMP-3 and IL-10 were encapsulated in fibrin gel to offer early release, while FGF-2 and SDF-1α were encapsulated in heparin-based coacervates and distributed in the same fibrin gel to offer sustained release. We utilized a powerful statistical tool, factorial design of experiments (DOE), to refine this protein combination based on its improvement of ejection fraction 4 weeks after MI. We found that TIMP-3, FGF-2, and SDF-1α demonstrated significant contributions toward improving the ejection fraction, while the IL-10's effect was insignificant. The results also suggested that the higher doses tested for TIMP-3, FGF-2, and SDF-1α had greater benefit on function than lower doses and that there existed slight antagonism between TIMP-3 and FGF-2. Taken together, we conclude that factorial DOE can guide the evolution of multiple protein therapies in a small number of runs, saving time, money, and resources for finding the optimal dose and composition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Louis A Johnson
- SnapDat Inc., 733 West Foster Avenue, State College, Pennsylvania 16801, United States
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Yoshizumi T, Zhu Y, Jiang H, D'Amore A, Sakaguchi H, Tchao J, Tobita K, Wagner WR. Timing effect of intramyocardial hydrogel injection for positively impacting left ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction. Biomaterials 2016; 83:182-93. [PMID: 26774561 PMCID: PMC4754148 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Intramyocardial injection of various injectable hydrogel materials has shown benefit in positively impacting the course of left ventricular (LV) remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI). However, since LV remodeling is a complex, time dependent process, the most efficacious time of hydrogel injection is not clear. In this study, we injected a relatively stiff, thermoresponsive and bioabsorbable hydrogel in rat hearts at 3 different time points - immediately after MI (IM), 3 d post-MI (3D), and 2 w post-MI (2W), corresponding to the beginnings of the necrotic, fibrotic and chronic remodeling phases. The employed left anterior descending coronary artery ligation model showed expected infarction responses including functional loss, inflammation and fibrosis with distinct time dependent patterns. Changes in LV geometry and contractile function were followed by longitudinal echocardiography for 10 w post-MI. While all injection times positively affected LV function and wall thickness, the 3D group gave better functional outcomes than the other injection times and also exhibited more local vascularization and less inflammatory markers than the earlier injection time. The results indicate an important role for injection timing in the increasingly explored concept of post-MI biomaterial injection therapy and suggest that for hydrogels with mechanical support as primary function, injection at the beginning of the fibrotic phase may provide improved outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomo Yoshizumi
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Yang Zhu
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Hongbin Jiang
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Antonio D'Amore
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Hirokazu Sakaguchi
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Jason Tchao
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Kimimasa Tobita
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - William R Wagner
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
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61
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Awada HK, Hwang MP, Wang Y. Towards comprehensive cardiac repair and regeneration after myocardial infarction: Aspects to consider and proteins to deliver. Biomaterials 2016; 82:94-112. [PMID: 26757257 PMCID: PMC4872516 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease is a leading cause of death worldwide. After the onset of myocardial infarction, many pathological changes take place and progress the disease towards heart failure. Pathologies such as ischemia, inflammation, cardiomyocyte death, ventricular remodeling and dilation, and interstitial fibrosis, develop and involve the signaling of many proteins. Proteins can play important roles in limiting or countering pathological changes after infarction. However, they typically have short half-lives in vivo in their free form and can benefit from the advantages offered by controlled release systems to overcome their challenges. The controlled delivery of an optimal combination of proteins per their physiologic spatiotemporal cues to the infarcted myocardium holds great potential to repair and regenerate the heart. The effectiveness of therapeutic interventions depends on the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of the cargo proteins and the spatiotemporal control of their release. It is likely that multiple proteins will provide a more comprehensive and functional recovery of the heart in a controlled release strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan K Awada
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Mintai P Hwang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Yadong Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
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62
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Lizotte-Waniewski M, Brew K, Hennekens CH. Hypothesis: Metalloproteinase Inhibitors Decrease Risks of Cardiovascular Disease. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2015; 21:368-71. [PMID: 26703451 DOI: 10.1177/1074248415615237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The hypothesis that matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitors reduce risks of cardiovascular disease in humans is plausible, unproven, and difficult to test, due, in part, to differences in specificity and route of administration. Endogenous tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) are tight-binding, protein inhibitors that function in vivo and can be engineered to enhance specificity for desired targets. Nonetheless, TIMPs have been difficult to test, in part, because their secondary functions, including cell growth promotion and angiogenesis, raise concerns about side effects and they cannot be delivered orally. In contrast, doxycycline and other chemically modified tetracyclines are broad-spectrum, reversible MMP inhibitors with lower affinity but can be taken orally and have US Food and Drug Administration approval. The completed phase 2 randomized trials in humans of MMP inhibitors have methodologic limitations but generally show no significant benefits with adverse effects. At present, the principal research challenge is to achieve a better understanding of the complexities of biological functions of MMPs and subsequently to conduct large-scale phase 3 trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Lizotte-Waniewski
- Department of Integrated Medical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - Keith Brew
- Department of Basic Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - Charles H Hennekens
- Department of Integrated Medical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
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63
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Perea-Gil I, Prat-Vidal C, Bayes-Genis A. In vivo experience with natural scaffolds for myocardial infarction: the times they are a-changin'. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:248. [PMID: 26670389 PMCID: PMC4681026 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0237-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Treating a myocardial infarction (MI), the most frequent cause of death worldwide, remains one of the most exciting medical challenges in the 21st century. Cardiac tissue engineering, a novel emerging treatment, involves the use of therapeutic cells supported by a scaffold for regenerating the infarcted area. It is essential to select the appropriate scaffold material; the ideal one should provide a suitable cellular microenvironment, mimic the native myocardium, and allow mechanical and electrical coupling with host tissues. Among available scaffold materials, natural scaffolds are preferable for achieving these purposes because they possess myocardial extracellular matrix properties and structures. Here, we review several natural scaffolds for applications in MI management, with a focus on pre-clinical studies and clinical trials performed to date. We also evaluate scaffolds combined with different cell types and proteins for their ability to promote improved heart function, contractility and neovascularization, and attenuate adverse ventricular remodeling. Although further refinement is necessary in the coming years, promising results indicate that natural scaffolds may be a valuable translational therapeutic option with clinical impact in MI repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Perea-Gil
- ICREC (Heart Failure and Cardiac Regeneration) Research Lab, Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP). Cardiology Service, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Prat-Vidal
- ICREC (Heart Failure and Cardiac Regeneration) Research Lab, Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP). Cardiology Service, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Antoni Bayes-Genis
- ICREC (Heart Failure and Cardiac Regeneration) Research Lab, Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP). Cardiology Service, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
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64
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Gaffey AC, Chen MH, Venkataraman CM, Trubelja A, Rodell CB, Dinh PV, Hung G, MacArthur JW, Soopan RV, Burdick JA, Atluri P. Injectable shear-thinning hydrogels used to deliver endothelial progenitor cells, enhance cell engraftment, and improve ischemic myocardium. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2015; 150:1268-76. [PMID: 26293548 PMCID: PMC4637242 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2015.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The clinical translation of cell-based therapies for ischemic heart disease has been limited because of low cell retention (<1%) within, and poor targeting to, ischemic myocardium. To address these issues, we developed an injectable hyaluronic acid (HA) shear-thinning hydrogel (STG) and endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) construct (STG-EPC). The STG assembles as a result of interactions of adamantine- and β-cyclodextrin-modified HA. It is shear-thinning to permit delivery via a syringe, and self-heals upon injection within the ischemic myocardium. This directed therapy to the ischemic myocardial border zone enables direct cell delivery to address adverse remodeling after myocardial infarction. We hypothesize that this system will enhance vasculogenesis to improve myocardial stabilization in the context of a clinically translatable therapy. METHODS Endothelial progenitor cells (DiLDL(+) VEGFR2(+) CD34(+)) were harvested from adult male rats, cultured, and suspended in the STG. In vitro viability was quantified using a live-dead stain of EPCs. The STG-EPC constructs were injected at the border zone of ischemic rat myocardium after acute myocardial infarction (left anterior descending coronary artery ligation). The migration of the enhanced green fluorescent proteins from the construct to ischemic myocardium was analyzed using fluorescent microscopy. Vasculogenesis, myocardial remodeling, and hemodynamic function were analyzed in 4 groups: control (phosphate buffered saline injection); intramyocardial injection of EPCs alone; injection of the STG alone; and treatment with the STG-EPC construct. Hemodynamics and ventricular geometry were quantified using echocardiography and Doppler flow analysis. RESULTS Endothelial progenitor cells demonstrated viability within the STG. A marked increase in EPC engraftment was observed 1-week postinjection within the treated myocardium with gel delivery, compared with EPC injection alone (17.2 ± 0.8 cells per high power field (HPF) vs 3.5 cells ± 1.3 cells per HPF, P = .0002). A statistically significant increase in vasculogenesis was noted with the STG-EPC construct (15.3 ± 5.8 vessels per HPF), compared with the control (P < .0001), EPC (P < .0001), and STG (P < .0001) groups. Statistically significant improvements in ventricular function, scar fraction, and geometry were noted after STG-EPC treatment compared with the control. CONCLUSIONS A novel injectable shear-thinning HA hydrogel seeded with EPCs enhanced cell retention and vasculogenesis after delivery to ischemic myocardium. This therapy limited adverse myocardial remodeling while preserving contractility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann C Gaffey
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Minna H Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Chantel M Venkataraman
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Alen Trubelja
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | | | - Patrick V Dinh
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - George Hung
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - John W MacArthur
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Renganaden V Soopan
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Jason A Burdick
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Pavan Atluri
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa.
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Gibb SL, Zhao Y, Potter D, Hylin MJ, Bruhn R, Baimukanova G, Zhao J, Xue H, Abdel-Mohsen M, Pillai SK, Moore AN, Johnson EM, Cox CS, Dash PK, Pati S. TIMP3 Attenuates the Loss of Neural Stem Cells, Mature Neurons and Neurocognitive Dysfunction in Traumatic Brain Injury. Stem Cells 2015; 33:3530-44. [PMID: 26299440 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown to have potent therapeutic effects in a number of disorders including traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, the molecular mechanism(s) underlying these protective effects are largely unknown. Herein we demonstrate that tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (TIMP3), a soluble protein released by MSCs, is neuroprotective and enhances neuronal survival and neurite outgrowth in vitro. In vivo in a murine model of TBI, intravenous recombinant TIMP3 enhances dendritic outgrowth and abrogates loss of hippocampal neural stem cells and mature neurons. Mechanistically we demonstrate in vitro and in vivo that TIMP3-mediated neuroprotection is critically dependent on activation of the Akt-mTORC1 pathway. In support of the neuroprotective effect of TIMP3, we find that intravenous delivery of recombinant TIMP3 attenuates deficits in hippocampal-dependent neurocognition. Taken together, our data strongly suggest that TIMP3 has direct neuroprotective effects that can mitigate the deleterious effects associated with TBI, an area with few if any therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart L Gibb
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Yuhai Zhao
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, The University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Daniel Potter
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Michael J Hylin
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, The University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Roberta Bruhn
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Gyulnar Baimukanova
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, The University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hasen Xue
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Institute for Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mohamed Abdel-Mohsen
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Satish K Pillai
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Anthony N Moore
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, The University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Evan M Johnson
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, The University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Charles S Cox
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Institute for Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Pramod K Dash
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, The University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shibani Pati
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Spinale FG, Gorman RC, Burdick JA. Author response: new therapies for reducing post-myocardial left ventricular remodeling. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2015. [PMID: 26207239 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2015.06.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francis G Spinale
- 1 Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, University of South Carolina School of Medicine and the WJB Dorn Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Columbia, SC 29208, USA ; 2 Gorman Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Surgery, 3 Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Robert C Gorman
- 1 Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, University of South Carolina School of Medicine and the WJB Dorn Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Columbia, SC 29208, USA ; 2 Gorman Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Surgery, 3 Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jason A Burdick
- 1 Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, University of South Carolina School of Medicine and the WJB Dorn Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Columbia, SC 29208, USA ; 2 Gorman Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Surgery, 3 Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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68
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Chaturvedi P, Kalani A, Familtseva A, Kamat PK, Metreveli N, Tyagi SC. Cardiac tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloprotease 4 dictates cardiomyocyte contractility and differentiation of embryonic stem cells into cardiomyocytes: Road to therapy. Int J Cardiol 2015; 184:350-363. [PMID: 25745981 PMCID: PMC4417452 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.01.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND TIMP4 (Tissue Inhibitors of Matrix Metalloprotease 4), goes down in failing hearts and mice lacking TIMP4 show poor regeneration capacity after myocardial infarction (MI). This study is based on our previous observation that administration of cardiac inhibitor of metalloproteinase (~TIMP4) attenuates oxidative stress and remodeling in failing hearts. Therefore, we hypothesize that TIMP4 helps in cardiac regeneration by augmenting contractility and inducing the differentiation of cardiac progenitor cells into cardiomyocytes. METHODS To validate this hypothesis, we transfected mouse cardiomyocytes with TIMP4 and TIMP4-siRNA and performed contractility studies in the TIMP4 transfected cardiomyocytes as compared to siRNA-TIMP4 transfected cardiomyocytes. We evaluated the calcium channel gene serca2a (sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase2a) and mir122a which tightly regulates serca2a to explain the changes in contractility. We treated mouse embryonic stem cells with cardiac extract and cardiac extract minus TIMP4 (using TIMP4 monoclonal antibody) to examine the effect of TIMP4 on differentiation of cardiac progenitor cells. RESULTS Contractility was augmented in the TIMP4 transfected cardiomyocytes as compared to siRNA-TIMP4 transfected cardiomyocytes. There was elevated expression of serca2a in the TIMP4 transformed myocytes and down regulation of mir122a. The cells treated with cardiac extract containing TIMP4 showed cardiac phenotype in terms of Ckit+, GATA4+ and Nkx2.5 expression. CONCLUSION This is a novel report suggesting that TIMP4 augments contractility and induces differentiation of progenitor cells into cardiac phenotype. In view of the failure of MMP9 inhibitors for cardiac therapy, TIMP4 provides an alternative approach, being an indigenous molecule and a natural inhibitor of MMP9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Chaturvedi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY, USA.
| | - Anuradha Kalani
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Anastasia Familtseva
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Pradip Kumar Kamat
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Naira Metreveli
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Suresh C Tyagi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY, USA
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Takawale A, Sakamuri SS, Kassiri Z. Extracellular Matrix Communication and Turnover in Cardiac Physiology and Pathology. Compr Physiol 2015; 5:687-719. [DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c140045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Rodell CB, Wade RJ, Purcell BP, Dusaj NN, Burdick JA. Selective Proteolytic Degradation of Guest–Host Assembled, Injectable Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogels. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2015; 1:277-286. [DOI: 10.1021/ab5001673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B. Rodell
- Department of Bioengineering, ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and §Departments of
Chemistry and Physics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Ryan J. Wade
- Department of Bioengineering, ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and §Departments of
Chemistry and Physics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Brendan P. Purcell
- Department of Bioengineering, ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and §Departments of
Chemistry and Physics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Neville N. Dusaj
- Department of Bioengineering, ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and §Departments of
Chemistry and Physics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Jason A. Burdick
- Department of Bioengineering, ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and §Departments of
Chemistry and Physics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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Kloner RA, Shi J, Dai W. New therapies for reducing post-myocardial left ventricular remodeling. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2015; 3:20. [PMID: 25738140 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2015.01.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Kloner
- 1 Heart Institute, Good Samaritan Hospital, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA 91105, USA ; 2 Cardiovascular Division, Keck School of Medicine at University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90017, USA
| | - Jianru Shi
- 1 Heart Institute, Good Samaritan Hospital, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA 91105, USA ; 2 Cardiovascular Division, Keck School of Medicine at University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90017, USA
| | - Wangde Dai
- 1 Heart Institute, Good Samaritan Hospital, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA 91105, USA ; 2 Cardiovascular Division, Keck School of Medicine at University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90017, USA
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Mauck RL, Burdick JA. From repair to regeneration: biomaterials to reprogram the meniscus wound microenvironment. Ann Biomed Eng 2015; 43:529-42. [PMID: 25650096 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-015-1249-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
When the field of tissue engineering first arose, scaffolds were conceived of as inert three-dimensional structures whose primary function was to support cellularity and tissue growth. Since then, advances in scaffold and biomaterial design have evolved to not only guide tissue formation, but also to interact dynamically with and manipulate the wound environment. At present, these efforts are being directed towards strategies that directly address limitations in endogenous wound repair, with the goal of reprogramming the local wound environment (and the cells within that locality) from a state that culminates in an inferior tissue repair into a state in which functional regeneration is achieved. This review will address this approach with a focus on recent advances in scaffold design towards the resolution of tears of the knee meniscus as a case example. The inherent limitations to endogenous repair will be discussed, as will specific examples of how biomaterials are being designed to overcome these limitations. Examples will include design of fibrous scaffolds that promote colonization by modulating local extracellular matrix density and delivering recruitment factors. Furthermore, we will discuss scaffolds that are themselves modulated by the wound environment to alter porosity and modulate therapeutic release through precise coordination of scaffold degradation. Finally, we will close with emerging concepts in local control of cell mechanics to improve interstitial cell migration and so advance repair. Overall, these examples will illustrate how emergent features within a biomaterial can be tuned to manipulate and harness the local tissue microenvironment in order to promote robust regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Mauck
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 424 Stemmler Hall, 36th Street and Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA,
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McGarvey JR, Kondo N, Witschey WRT, Takebe M, Aoki C, Burdick JA, Spinale FG, Gorman JH, Pilla JJ, Gorman RC. Injectable microsphere gel progressively improves global ventricular function, regional contractile strain, and mitral regurgitation after myocardial infarction. Ann Thorac Surg 2015; 99:597-603. [PMID: 25524397 PMCID: PMC4314332 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2014.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is continued need for therapies which reverse or abate the remodeling process after myocardial infarction (MI). In this study, we evaluate the longitudinal effects of calcium hydroxyapatite microsphere gel on regional strain, global ventricular function, and mitral regurgitation (MR) in a porcine MI model. METHODS Twenty-five Yorkshire swine were enrolled. Five were dedicated weight-matched controls. Twenty underwent posterolateral infarction by direct ligation of the circumflex artery and its branches. Infarcted animals were randomly divided into the following 4 groups: 1-week treatment; 1-week control; 4-week treatment; and 4-week control. After infarction, animals received either twenty 150 μL calcium hydroxyapatite gel or saline injections within the infarct. At their respective time points, echocardiograms, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, and tissue were collected for evaluation of MR, regional and global left ventricular function, wall thickness, and collagen content. RESULTS Global and regional left ventricular functions were depressed in all infarcted subjects at 1 week compared with healthy controls. By 4-weeks post-infarction, global function had significantly improved in the calcium hydroxyapatite group compared with infarcted controls (ejection fraction 0.485 ± 0.019 vs 0.38 ± 0.017, p < 0.01). Similarly, regional borderzone radial contractile strain (16.3% ± 1.5% vs 11.2% ± 1.5%, p = 0.04), MR grade (0.4 ± 0.2 vs 1.2 ± 0.2, p = 0.04), and infarct thickness (7.8 ± 0.5 mm vs 4.5 ± 0.2 mm, p < 0.01) were improved at this time point in the treatment group compared with infarct controls. CONCLUSIONS Calcium hydroxyapatite injection after MI progressively improves global left ventricular function, borderzone function, and mitral regurgitation. Using novel biomaterials to augment infarct material properties is a viable alternative in the current management of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy R McGarvey
- Gorman Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Norihiro Kondo
- Gorman Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Walter R T Witschey
- Gorman Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Manabu Takebe
- Gorman Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Chikashi Aoki
- Gorman Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jason A Burdick
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Francis G Spinale
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Joseph H Gorman
- Gorman Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - James J Pilla
- Gorman Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Robert C Gorman
- Gorman Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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Blackburn NJ, Sofrenovic T, Kuraitis D, Ahmadi A, McNeill B, Deng C, Rayner KJ, Zhong Z, Ruel M, Suuronen EJ. Timing underpins the benefits associated with injectable collagen biomaterial therapy for the treatment of myocardial infarction. Biomaterials 2015; 39:182-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Bonafè F, Govoni M, Giordano E, Caldarera CM, Guarnieri C, Muscari C. Hyaluronan and cardiac regeneration. J Biomed Sci 2014; 21:100. [PMID: 25358954 PMCID: PMC4226915 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-014-0100-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) is abundantly expressed in several human tissues and a variety of roles for HA has been highlighted. Particularly relevant for tissue repair, HA is actively produced during tissue injury, as widely evidenced in wound healing investigations. In the heart HA is involved in physiological functions, such as cardiac development during embryogenesis, and in pathological conditions including atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction. Moreover, owing to its relevant biological properties, HA has been widely used as a biomaterial for heart regeneration after a myocardial infarction. Indeed, HA and its derivatives are biodegradable and biocompatible, promote faster healing of injured tissues, and support cells in relevant processes including survival, proliferation, and differentiation. Injectable HA-based therapies for cardiovascular disease are gaining growing attention because of the benefits obtained in preclinical models of myocardial infarction. HA-based hydrogels, especially as a vehicle for stem cells, have been demonstrated to improve the process of cardiac repair by stimulating angiogenesis, reducing inflammation, and supporting local and grafted cells in their reparative functions. Solid-state HA-based scaffolds have been also investigated to produce constructs hosting mesenchymal stem cells or endothelial progenitor cells to be transplanted onto the infarcted surface of the heart. Finally, applying an ex-vivo mechanical stretching, stem cells grown in HA-based 3D scaffolds can further increase extracellular matrix production and proneness to differentiate into muscle phenotypes, thus suggesting a potential strategy to create a suitable engineered myocardial tissue for cardiac regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Bonafè
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Via Irnerio, 48, Bologna, 40126, Italy. .,National Institute for Cardiovascular Research (INRC), Bologna, Italy.
| | - Marco Govoni
- BioEngLab, Health Science and Technology, Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HST-CIRI), University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy.
| | - Emanuele Giordano
- BioEngLab, Health Science and Technology, Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HST-CIRI), University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy. .,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Engineering "Silvio Cavalcanti", DEI, University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy. .,National Institute for Cardiovascular Research (INRC), Bologna, Italy.
| | - Claudio Marcello Caldarera
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Via Irnerio, 48, Bologna, 40126, Italy. .,National Institute for Cardiovascular Research (INRC), Bologna, Italy.
| | - Carlo Guarnieri
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Via Irnerio, 48, Bologna, 40126, Italy. .,BioEngLab, Health Science and Technology, Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HST-CIRI), University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy. .,National Institute for Cardiovascular Research (INRC), Bologna, Italy.
| | - Claudio Muscari
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Via Irnerio, 48, Bologna, 40126, Italy. .,BioEngLab, Health Science and Technology, Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HST-CIRI), University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy. .,National Institute for Cardiovascular Research (INRC), Bologna, Italy.
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McGarvey JR, Pettaway S, Shuman JA, Novack CP, Zellars KN, Freels PD, Echols RL, Burdick JA, Gorman JH, Gorman RC, Spinale FG. Targeted injection of a biocomposite material alters macrophage and fibroblast phenotype and function following myocardial infarction: relation to left ventricular remodeling. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2014; 350:701-9. [PMID: 25022514 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.114.215798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A treatment target for progressive left ventricular (LV) remodeling prevention following myocardial infarction (MI) is to affect structural changes directly within the MI region. One approach is through targeted injection of biocomposite materials, such as calcium hydroxyapatite microspheres (CHAM), into the MI region. In this study, the effects of CHAM injections upon key cell types responsible for the MI remodeling process, the macrophage and fibroblast, were examined. MI was induced in adult pigs before randomization to CHAM injections (20 targeted 0.1-ml injections within MI region) or saline. At 7 or 21 days post-MI (n = 6/time point per group), cardiac magnetic resonance imaging was performed, followed by macrophage and fibroblast isolation. Isolated macrophage profiles for monocyte chemotactic macrophage inflammatory protein-1 as measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction increased at 7 days post-MI in the CHAM group compared with MI only (16.3 ± 6.6 versus 1.7 ± 0.6 cycle times values, P < 0.05), and were similar by 21 days post-MI. Temporal changes in fibroblast function and smooth muscle actin (SMA) expression relative to referent control (n = 5) occurred with MI. CHAM induced increases in fibroblast proliferation, migration, and SMA expression-indicative of fibroblast transformation. By 21 days, CHAM reduced LV dilation (diastolic volume: 75 ± 2 versus 97 ± 4 ml) and increased function (ejection fraction: 48 ± 2% versus 38 ± 2%) compared with MI only (both P < 0.05). This study identified that effects on macrophage and fibroblast differentiation occurred with injection of biocomposite material within the MI, which translated into reduced adverse LV remodeling. These unique findings demonstrate that biomaterial injections impart biologic effects upon the MI remodeling process over any biophysical effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy R McGarvey
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, University of South Carolina School of Medicine and the WJB Dorn Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Columbia, South Carolina (S.P., J.A.S., C.P.N., K.N.Z., P.D.F., R.L.E., F.G.S.); and Department of Bioengineering (J.A.B.) and Gorman Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Surgery (J.R.M., J.H.G., R.C.G.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sara Pettaway
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, University of South Carolina School of Medicine and the WJB Dorn Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Columbia, South Carolina (S.P., J.A.S., C.P.N., K.N.Z., P.D.F., R.L.E., F.G.S.); and Department of Bioengineering (J.A.B.) and Gorman Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Surgery (J.R.M., J.H.G., R.C.G.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - James A Shuman
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, University of South Carolina School of Medicine and the WJB Dorn Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Columbia, South Carolina (S.P., J.A.S., C.P.N., K.N.Z., P.D.F., R.L.E., F.G.S.); and Department of Bioengineering (J.A.B.) and Gorman Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Surgery (J.R.M., J.H.G., R.C.G.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Craig P Novack
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, University of South Carolina School of Medicine and the WJB Dorn Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Columbia, South Carolina (S.P., J.A.S., C.P.N., K.N.Z., P.D.F., R.L.E., F.G.S.); and Department of Bioengineering (J.A.B.) and Gorman Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Surgery (J.R.M., J.H.G., R.C.G.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kia N Zellars
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, University of South Carolina School of Medicine and the WJB Dorn Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Columbia, South Carolina (S.P., J.A.S., C.P.N., K.N.Z., P.D.F., R.L.E., F.G.S.); and Department of Bioengineering (J.A.B.) and Gorman Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Surgery (J.R.M., J.H.G., R.C.G.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Parker D Freels
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, University of South Carolina School of Medicine and the WJB Dorn Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Columbia, South Carolina (S.P., J.A.S., C.P.N., K.N.Z., P.D.F., R.L.E., F.G.S.); and Department of Bioengineering (J.A.B.) and Gorman Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Surgery (J.R.M., J.H.G., R.C.G.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Randall L Echols
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, University of South Carolina School of Medicine and the WJB Dorn Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Columbia, South Carolina (S.P., J.A.S., C.P.N., K.N.Z., P.D.F., R.L.E., F.G.S.); and Department of Bioengineering (J.A.B.) and Gorman Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Surgery (J.R.M., J.H.G., R.C.G.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jason A Burdick
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, University of South Carolina School of Medicine and the WJB Dorn Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Columbia, South Carolina (S.P., J.A.S., C.P.N., K.N.Z., P.D.F., R.L.E., F.G.S.); and Department of Bioengineering (J.A.B.) and Gorman Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Surgery (J.R.M., J.H.G., R.C.G.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Joseph H Gorman
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, University of South Carolina School of Medicine and the WJB Dorn Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Columbia, South Carolina (S.P., J.A.S., C.P.N., K.N.Z., P.D.F., R.L.E., F.G.S.); and Department of Bioengineering (J.A.B.) and Gorman Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Surgery (J.R.M., J.H.G., R.C.G.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Robert C Gorman
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, University of South Carolina School of Medicine and the WJB Dorn Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Columbia, South Carolina (S.P., J.A.S., C.P.N., K.N.Z., P.D.F., R.L.E., F.G.S.); and Department of Bioengineering (J.A.B.) and Gorman Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Surgery (J.R.M., J.H.G., R.C.G.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Francis G Spinale
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, University of South Carolina School of Medicine and the WJB Dorn Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Columbia, South Carolina (S.P., J.A.S., C.P.N., K.N.Z., P.D.F., R.L.E., F.G.S.); and Department of Bioengineering (J.A.B.) and Gorman Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Surgery (J.R.M., J.H.G., R.C.G.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Ungerleider JL, Christman KL. Concise review: injectable biomaterials for the treatment of myocardial infarction and peripheral artery disease: translational challenges and progress. Stem Cells Transl Med 2014; 3:1090-9. [PMID: 25015641 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2014-0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, injectable biomaterial-based therapies for cardiovascular disease have been gaining attention, because they have shown therapeutic potential in preclinical models for myocardial infarction (MI) and peripheral artery disease (PAD). Naturally derived (e.g., alginate, hyaluronic acid, collagen, or extracellular matrix-based) or synthetic (e.g., peptide or polymer-based) materials can enhance stem cell survival and retention in vivo, prolong growth factor release from bulk hydrogel or particle constructs, and even stimulate endogenous tissue regeneration as a standalone therapy. Although there are many promising preclinical examples, the therapeutic potential of biomaterial-based products for cardiovascular disease has yet to be proved on a clinical and commercial scale. This review aims to briefly summarize the latest preclinical and clinical studies on injectable biomaterial therapies for MI and PAD. Furthermore, our overall goal is to highlight the major challenges facing translation of these therapies to the clinic (e.g., regulatory, manufacturing, and delivery), with the purpose of increasing awareness of the barriers for translating novel biomaterial therapies for MI and PAD and facilitating more rapid translation of new biomaterial technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Ungerleider
- Department of Bioengineering, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Karen L Christman
- Department of Bioengineering, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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Takawale A, Fan D, Basu R, Shen M, Parajuli N, Wang W, Wang X, Oudit GY, Kassiri Z. Myocardial recovery from ischemia-reperfusion is compromised in the absence of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 4. Circ Heart Fail 2014; 7:652-62. [PMID: 24842912 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.114.001113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial reperfusion after ischemia (I/R), although an effective approach in rescuing the ischemic myocardium, can itself trigger several adverse effects including aberrant remodeling of the myocardium and its extracellular matrix. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) protect the extracellular matrix against excess degradation by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). TIMP4 levels are reduced in myocardial infarction; however, its causal role in progression of post-I/R injury has not been explored. METHODS AND RESULTS In vivo I/R (20-minute ischemia, 1-week reperfusion) resulted in more severe systolic and diastolic dysfunction in TIMP4(-/-) mice with enhanced inflammation, oxidative stress (1 day post-I/R), hypertrophy, and interstitial fibrosis (1 week). After an initial increase in TIMP4 (1 day post-I/R), TIMP4 mRNA and protein decreased in the ischemic myocardium from wild-type mice by 1 week post-I/R and in tissue samples from patients with myocardial infarction, which correlated with enhanced activity of membrane-bound MMP, membrane-type 1 MMP. By 4 weeks post-I/R, wild-type mice showed no cardiac dysfunction, elevated TIMP4 levels (to baseline), and normalized membrane-type 1 MMP activity. TIMP4-deficient mice, however, showed exacerbated diastolic dysfunction, sustained elevation of membrane-type 1 MMP activity, and worsened myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis. Ex vivo I/R (20- or 30-minute ischemia, 45-minute reperfusion) resulted in comparable cardiac dysfunction in wild-type and TIMP4(-/-) mice. CONCLUSIONS TIMP4 is essential for recovery from myocardial I/R in vivo, primarily because of its membrane-type 1 MMP inhibitory function. TIMP4 deficiency does not increase susceptibility to ex vivo I/R injury. Replenishment of myocardial TIMP4 could serve as an effective therapy in post-I/R recovery for patients with reduced TIMP4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Takawale
- From the Department of Physiology (A.T., D.F., R.B., M.S., W.W., X.W., G.Y.O., Z.K.) and Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology (N.P., G.Y.O.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; and Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (A.T., D.F., R.B., M.S., N.P., W.W., X.W., G.Y.O., Z.K.)
| | - Dong Fan
- From the Department of Physiology (A.T., D.F., R.B., M.S., W.W., X.W., G.Y.O., Z.K.) and Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology (N.P., G.Y.O.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; and Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (A.T., D.F., R.B., M.S., N.P., W.W., X.W., G.Y.O., Z.K.)
| | - Ratnadeep Basu
- From the Department of Physiology (A.T., D.F., R.B., M.S., W.W., X.W., G.Y.O., Z.K.) and Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology (N.P., G.Y.O.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; and Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (A.T., D.F., R.B., M.S., N.P., W.W., X.W., G.Y.O., Z.K.)
| | - Mengcheng Shen
- From the Department of Physiology (A.T., D.F., R.B., M.S., W.W., X.W., G.Y.O., Z.K.) and Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology (N.P., G.Y.O.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; and Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (A.T., D.F., R.B., M.S., N.P., W.W., X.W., G.Y.O., Z.K.)
| | - Nirmal Parajuli
- From the Department of Physiology (A.T., D.F., R.B., M.S., W.W., X.W., G.Y.O., Z.K.) and Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology (N.P., G.Y.O.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; and Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (A.T., D.F., R.B., M.S., N.P., W.W., X.W., G.Y.O., Z.K.)
| | - Wang Wang
- From the Department of Physiology (A.T., D.F., R.B., M.S., W.W., X.W., G.Y.O., Z.K.) and Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology (N.P., G.Y.O.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; and Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (A.T., D.F., R.B., M.S., N.P., W.W., X.W., G.Y.O., Z.K.)
| | - Xiuhua Wang
- From the Department of Physiology (A.T., D.F., R.B., M.S., W.W., X.W., G.Y.O., Z.K.) and Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology (N.P., G.Y.O.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; and Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (A.T., D.F., R.B., M.S., N.P., W.W., X.W., G.Y.O., Z.K.)
| | - Gavin Y Oudit
- From the Department of Physiology (A.T., D.F., R.B., M.S., W.W., X.W., G.Y.O., Z.K.) and Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology (N.P., G.Y.O.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; and Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (A.T., D.F., R.B., M.S., N.P., W.W., X.W., G.Y.O., Z.K.)
| | - Zamaneh Kassiri
- From the Department of Physiology (A.T., D.F., R.B., M.S., W.W., X.W., G.Y.O., Z.K.) and Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology (N.P., G.Y.O.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; and Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (A.T., D.F., R.B., M.S., N.P., W.W., X.W., G.Y.O., Z.K.).
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Spinale FG, Villarreal F. Targeting matrix metalloproteinases in heart disease: lessons from endogenous inhibitors. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 90:7-15. [PMID: 24780447 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Basic pharmacological/transgenic studies have clearly demonstrated a cause-effect relationship between the induction and activation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and adverse changes in the structure and function of the left ventricle (LV). Thus, regulation of MMP induction and/or activation would appear to be a potential therapeutic target in the context of cardiovascular disease, such as following myocardial infarction (MI). However, pharmacological approaches to inhibit MMPs have yet to be realized for clinical applications. The endogenous inhibitors of the MMPs (TIMPs) constitute a set of 4 small molecules with unique functionality and specificity. Thus, improved understanding on the function and roles of individual TIMPs may provide important insight into the design and targets for pharmacological applications in LV remodeling processes, such as MI. Therefore, the purpose of this review will be to briefly examine biological functions and relevance of the individual TIMPs in terms of adverse LV remodeling post-MI. Second is to examine the past outcomes and issues surrounding clinical trials targeting MMPs in the post MI context and how new insights into TIMP biology may provide new pharmacological targets. This review will put forward the case that initial pharmacological attempts at MMP inhibition were over-simplistic and that future strategies must recognize the diversity of this matrix proteolytic system and that lessons from TIMP biology may lead to future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis G Spinale
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA; WJB Dorn Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Columbia, SC, USA.
| | - Francisco Villarreal
- Division of Cardiology, University of California-San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
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