51
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Zhang J, Chen M, Huang J, Guo X, Zhang Y, Liu D, Wu R, He H, Wang J. Diversity of the microbial community and cultivable protease-producing bacteria in the sediments of the Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea and South China Sea. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215328. [PMID: 30973915 PMCID: PMC6459509 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The nitrogen (N) cycle is closely related to the stability of marine ecosystems. Microbial communities have been directly linked to marine N-cycling processes. However, systematic research on the bacterial community composition and diversity involved in N cycles in different seas is lacking. In this study, microbial diversity in the Bohai Sea (BHS), Yellow Sea (YS) and South China Sea (SCS) was surveyed by targeting the hypervariable V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene using next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology. A total of 2,505,721 clean reads and 15,307 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were obtained from 86 sediment samples from the three studied China seas. LEfSe analysis demonstrated that the SCS had more abundant microbial taxa than the BHS and YS. Diversity indices demonstrated that Proteobacteria and Planctomycetes were the dominant phyla in all three China seas. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) indicated that pH (P = 0.034) was the principal determining factors, while the organic matter content, depth and temperature had a minor correlated with the variations in sedimentary microbial community distribution. Cluster and functional analyses of microbial communities showed that chemoheterotrophic and aerobic chemoheterotrophic microorganisms widely exist in these three seas. Further research found that the cultivable protease-producing bacteria were mainly affiliated with the phyla Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. It was very clear that Pseudoalteromonadaceae possessed the highest relative abundance in the three sea areas. The predominant protease-producing genera were Pseudoalteromonas and Bacillus. These results shed light on the differences in bacterial community composition, especially protease-producing bacteria, in these three China seas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Zhang
- School of Life Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Sanway Gene Technology Inc., Changsha, China
| | - Jiafeng Huang
- School of Life Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xinwu Guo
- Sanway Gene Technology Inc., Changsha, China
| | - Yanjiao Zhang
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, School of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dan Liu
- School of Life Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ribang Wu
- School of Life Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hailun He
- School of Life Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- * E-mail: (HH); (GW)
| | - Jun Wang
- School of Life Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Sanway Gene Technology Inc., Changsha, China
- * E-mail: (HH); (GW)
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52
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Bhattacharya S, Bhattacharya S, Gachhui R, Hazra S, Mukherjee J. U32 collagenase from Pseudoalteromonas agarivorans NW4327: Activity, structure, substrate interactions and molecular dynamics simulations. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 124:635-650. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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53
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Montánchez I, Ogayar E, Plágaro AH, Esteve-Codina A, Gómez-Garrido J, Orruño M, Arana I, Kaberdin VR. Analysis of Vibrio harveyi adaptation in sea water microcosms at elevated temperature provides insights into the putative mechanisms of its persistence and spread in the time of global warming. Sci Rep 2019; 9:289. [PMID: 30670759 PMCID: PMC6343004 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36483-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Discovering the means to control the increasing dissemination of pathogenic vibrios driven by recent climate change is challenged by the limited knowledge of the mechanisms in charge of Vibrio spp. persistence and spread in the time of global warming. To learn about physiological and gene expression patterns associated with the long-term persistence of V. harveyi at elevated temperatures, we studied adaptation of this marine bacterium in seawater microcosms at 30 °C which closely mimicked the upper limit of sea surface temperatures around the globe. We found that nearly 90% of cells lost their culturability and became partly damaged after two weeks, thus suggesting a negative impact of the combined action of elevated temperature and shortage of carbon on V. harveyi survival. Moreover, further gene expression analysis revealed that major adaptive mechanisms were poorly coordinated and apparently could not sustain cell fitness. On the other hand, elevated temperature and starvation promoted expression of many virulence genes, thus potentially reinforcing the pathogenicity of this organism. These findings suggest that the increase in disease outbreaks caused by V. harveyi under rising sea surface temperatures may not reflect higher cell fitness, but rather an increase in virulence enabling V. harveyi to escape from adverse environments to nutrient rich, host-pathogen associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itxaso Montánchez
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Elixabet Ogayar
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Ander Hernández Plágaro
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Anna Esteve-Codina
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Catalonia, 08028, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Catalonia, 08003, Spain
| | - Jèssica Gómez-Garrido
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Catalonia, 08028, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Catalonia, 08003, Spain
| | - Maite Orruño
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940, Leioa, Spain.,Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE-UPV/EHU), 48620, Plentzia, Spain
| | - Inés Arana
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940, Leioa, Spain.,Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE-UPV/EHU), 48620, Plentzia, Spain
| | - Vladimir R Kaberdin
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940, Leioa, Spain. .,Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE-UPV/EHU), 48620, Plentzia, Spain. .,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Maria Diaz de Haro 3, 48013, Bilbao, Spain.
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54
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Zhou Z, Liu Y, Lloyd KG, Pan J, Yang Y, Gu JD, Li M. Genomic and transcriptomic insights into the ecology and metabolism of benthic archaeal cosmopolitan, Thermoprofundales (MBG-D archaea). ISME JOURNAL 2018; 13:885-901. [PMID: 30514872 PMCID: PMC6461988 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-018-0321-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Marine Benthic Group D (MBG-D) archaea, discovered by 16S rRNA gene survey decades ago, are ecologically important, yet understudied and uncultured sedimentary archaea. In this study, a comprehensive meta-analysis based on the 16S rRNA genes of MBG-D archaea showed that MBG-D archaea are one of the most frequently found archaeal lineages in global sediment with widespread distribution and high abundance, including 16 subgroups in total. Interestingly, some subgroups show significant segregations toward salinity and methane seeps. Co-occurrence analyses indicate significant non-random association of MBG-D archaea with Lokiarchaeota (in both saline and freshwater sediments) and Hadesarchaea, suggesting potential interactions among these archaeal groups. Meanwhile, based on four nearly complete metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) and corresponding metatranscriptomes reconstructed from mangrove and intertidal mudflat sediments, we provide insights on metabolic potentials and ecological functions of MBG-D archaea. MBG-D archaea appear to be capable of transporting and assimilating peptides and generating acetate and ethanol through fermentation. Metatranscriptomic analysis suggests high expression of genes for acetate and amino acid utilization and for peptidases, especially the M09B-type extracellular peptidase (collagenase) showing high expression levels in all four mangrove MAGs. Beyond heterotrophic central carbon metabolism, the MBG-D genomes include genes that might encode two autotrophic pathways: Wood–Ljundahl (WL) pathways using both H4MPT and H4folate as C1 carriers, and an incomplete dicarboxylate/4-hydroxybutyrate cycle with alternative bypasses from pyruvate to malate/oxaloacetate during dicarboxylation. These findings reveal MBG-D archaea as an important ubiquitous benthic sedimentary archaeal group with specific mixotrophic metabolisms, so we proposed the name Thermoprofundales as a new Order within the Class Thermoplasmata. Globally, Thermoprofundales and other benthic archaea might synergistically transform benthic organic matter, possibly playing a vital role in sedimentary carbon cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Zhou
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, 518060, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Toxicology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, 518060, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Karen G Lloyd
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Jie Pan
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, 518060, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuchun Yang
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Toxicology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Dong Gu
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Toxicology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Meng Li
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, 518060, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.
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55
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Marashdeh MQ, Gitalis R, Lévesque C, Finer Y. Endodontic pathogens possess collagenolytic properties that degrade human dentine collagen matrix. Int Endod J 2018; 52:416-423. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.13018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Q. Marashdeh
- Faculty of Dentistry; University of Toronto; Toronto Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto Canada
| | - R. Gitalis
- Faculty of Dentistry; University of Toronto; Toronto Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto Canada
| | - C. Lévesque
- Faculty of Dentistry; University of Toronto; Toronto Canada
| | - Y. Finer
- Faculty of Dentistry; University of Toronto; Toronto Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto Canada
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56
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57
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Osei-Adjei G, Huang X, Zhang Y. The extracellular proteases produced by Vibrio parahaemolyticus. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 34:68. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-018-2453-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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58
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Das A, Datta S, Roche E, Chaffee S, Jose E, Shi L, Grover K, Khanna S, Sen CK, Roy S. Novel mechanisms of Collagenase Santyl Ointment (CSO) in wound macrophage polarization and resolution of wound inflammation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1696. [PMID: 29374192 PMCID: PMC5786052 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19879-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagenases are useful in enzymatic wound debridement. Clostridial collagenase, marketed as Collagenase Santyl Ointment (CSO), is FDA approved for such use. Building on the scientific premise that collagenases as well as collagen degradation products may regulate immune cell function, we sought to investigate the potential role of CSO in wound inflammation. We tested the hypothesis that in addition to enacting debridement, CSO contributes to the resolution of persistent wound inflammation. Wound macrophages were isolated from PVA sponges loaded with CSO or petrolatum and implanted in mice. Significant increase in pro-reparative and decrease in pro-inflammatory polarization was noted in macrophages of acute as well as diabetic wounds. Wound macrophages from CSO-treated group displayed increased production of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β, and decreased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β. The active ingredient of CSO, CS-API, induced the expression of mϕheal /M(IL-4) polarization markers ex vivo. CS-API treatment attenuated transactivation of NF-κB and significantly induced STAT6 phosphorylation. A significant role of a novel PGE2-EP4 pathway in CS-API induced STAT6 activation and the mϕheal /M(IL-4) polarization was identified. Taken together, findings of this work reposition CSO as a potential agent that may be effective in resolving wound inflammation, including diabetic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amitava Das
- Department of Surgery, Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cell Based Therapies and Comprehensive Wound Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Soma Datta
- Department of Surgery, Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cell Based Therapies and Comprehensive Wound Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Eric Roche
- Research & Development, Smith & Nephew, Inc., Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Scott Chaffee
- Department of Surgery, Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cell Based Therapies and Comprehensive Wound Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Elizabeth Jose
- Department of Surgery, Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cell Based Therapies and Comprehensive Wound Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lei Shi
- Research & Development, Smith & Nephew, Inc., Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Komel Grover
- Research & Development, Smith & Nephew, Inc., Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Savita Khanna
- Department of Surgery, Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cell Based Therapies and Comprehensive Wound Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Chandan K Sen
- Department of Surgery, Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cell Based Therapies and Comprehensive Wound Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sashwati Roy
- Department of Surgery, Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cell Based Therapies and Comprehensive Wound Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
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59
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Damé-Teixeira N, Parolo CCF, Maltz M, Rup AG, Devine DA, Do T. Gene expression of bacterial collagenolytic proteases in root caries. J Oral Microbiol 2018; 10:1424475. [PMID: 34394852 PMCID: PMC5774410 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2018.1424475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: It is unknown whether bacteria play a role in the collagen matrix degradation that occurs during caries progression. Our aim was to characterize the expression level of genes involved in bacterial collagenolytic proteases in root biofilms with and without caries. Method: we collected samples from active cavitated root caries lesions (RC, n = 30) and from sound root surfaces (SRS, n = 10). Total microbial RNA was isolated and cDNA sequenced on the Illumina Hi-Seq2500. Reads were mapped to 162 oral bacterial reference genomes. Genes encoding putative bacterial collagenolytic proteases were identified. Normalization and differential expression analysis was performed on all metatranscriptomes (FDR<10-3). Result: Genes encoding collagenases were identified in 113 bacterial species the majority were peptidase U32. In RC, Streptococcus mutans and Veillonella parvula expressed the most collagenases. Organisms that overexpressed collagenolytic protease genes in RC (Log2FoldChange>8) but none in SRS were Pseudoramibacter alactolyticus [HMPREF0721_RS02020; HMPREF0721_RS04640], Scardovia inopinata [SCIP_RS02440] and Olsenella uli DSM7084 [OLSU_RS02990]. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the U32 proteases may be related to carious dentine. The contribution of a small number of species to dentine degradation should be further investigated. These proteases may have potential in future biotechnological and medical applications, serving as targets for the development of therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nailê Damé-Teixeira
- Faculty of Health Science, Department of Dentistry, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | | | - Marisa Maltz
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Social and Preventive Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ariel Goulart Rup
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Social and Preventive Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Deirdre Ann Devine
- School of Dentistry, Division of Oral Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Thuy Do
- School of Dentistry, Division of Oral Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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60
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New method of detecting hydrophobic interaction between C-terminal binding domain and biomacromolecules. J Biotechnol 2018; 265:101-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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61
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Jellinghaus K, Hachmann C, Hoeland K, Bohnert M, Wittwer-Backofen U. Collagen degradation as a possibility to determine the post-mortem interval (PMI) of animal bones: a validation study referring to an original study of Boaks et al. (2014). Int J Legal Med 2017; 132:753-763. [DOI: 10.1007/s00414-017-1747-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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62
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Bhattacharya S, Choudhury JD, Gachhui R, Mukherjee J. A new collagenase enzyme of the marine sponge pathogen Pseudoalteromonas agarivorans NW4327 is uniquely linked with a TonB dependent receptor. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 109:1140-1146. [PMID: 29157905 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.11.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The primary pathogen of the Great Barrier Reef sponge Rhopaloeides odorabile, recently identified as a novel strain (NW4327) of Pseudoalteromonas agarivorans, produced collagenase which degraded R. odorabile skeletal fibers. We now report the collagenase of P. agarivorans as a metalloprotease which required Ca2+ and Zn2+ as cofactors. The collagenase was a TonB dependent receptor (TBDR) having a carboxypeptidase regulatory like domain (CRLD) in the N-terminal along with an outer membrane (OM) channel superfamily domain. The genes for TBDR sub-components and collagenase formed one unified entity in the genome of P. agarivorans NW4327. This association of a collagenase with a TBDR distinguished it from all known functional collagenases till date and for the first time, established the enzymatic capability of TBDRs. Predicted TBDR model demonstrated only 15% identity with ferripyoverdin receptor and the CRLD displayed merely 24% identity with carboxypeptidase catalytic chain. Presence of signal peptide, lack of transmembrane helices, absence of N-terminal in the cytoplasmic side, extracellular localization and recovery from the culture supernatant implicated that the TBDR was secreted. Stronger binding of the collagenase with marine sponge type IV collagen than type I collagen, revealed through molecular docking, indicated higher specificity of the enzyme towards type IV collagen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayak Bhattacharya
- School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India.
| | | | - Ratan Gachhui
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India.
| | - Joydeep Mukherjee
- School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India.
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63
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Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Serine Protease StmPr1 Induces Matrilysis, Anoikis, and Protease-Activated Receptor 2 Activation in Human Lung Epithelial Cells. Infect Immun 2017; 85:IAI.00544-17. [PMID: 28893914 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00544-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an emerging, opportunistic nosocomial pathogen that can cause severe disease in immunocompromised individuals. We recently identified the StmPr1 and StmPr2 serine proteases to be the substrates of the Xps type II secretion system in S. maltophilia strain K279a. Here, we report that a third serine protease, StmPr3, is also secreted in an Xps-dependent manner. By constructing a panel of protease mutants in strain K279a, we were able to determine that StmPr3 contributes to the previously described Xps-mediated rounding and detachment of cells of the A549 human lung epithelial cell line as well as the Xps-mediated degradation of fibronectin, fibrinogen, and the cytokine interleukin-8 (IL-8). We also determined that StmPr1, StmPr2, and StmPr3 account for all Xps-mediated effects toward A549 cells and that StmPr1 contributes the most to Xps-mediated activities. Thus, we purified StmPr1 from the S. maltophilia strain K279a culture supernatant and evaluated the protease's activity toward A549 cells. Our analyses revealed that purified StmPr1 behaves more similarly to subtilisin than to trypsin. We also determined that purified StmPr1 likely induces cell rounding and detachment of A549 cells by targeting cell integrin-extracellular matrix connections (matrilysis) as well as adherence and tight junction proteins for degradation. In this study, we also identified anoikis as the mechanism by which StmPr1 induces the death of A549 cells and found that StmPr1 induces A549 IL-8 secretion via activation of protease-activated receptor 2. Altogether, these results suggest that the degradative and cytotoxic activities exhibited by StmPr1 may contribute to S. maltophilia pathogenesis in the lung by inducing tissue damage and inflammation.
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64
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Mima T, Gotoh K, Yamamoto Y, Maeda K, Shirakawa T, Matsui S, Murata Y, Koide T, Tokumitsu H, Matsushita O. Expression of Collagenase is Regulated by the VarS/VarA Two-Component Regulatory System in Vibrio alginolyticus. J Membr Biol 2017; 251:51-63. [PMID: 28993850 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-017-9991-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Vibrio alginolyticus is an opportunistic pathogen in both humans and marine animals. Collagenase encoded by colA is considered to be one of the virulence factors. Expression of colA is regulated by multiple environmental factors, e.g., temperature, growth phase, and substrate. To elucidate the mechanism of regulation of colA expression, transposon mutagenesis was performed. VarS, a sensor histidine kinase of the two-component regulatory system, was demonstrated to regulate the expression of colA. VarA, a cognate response regulator of VarS, was also identified and shown to be involved in the regulation of colA expression. In vitro phosphorylation assays showed that phosphorylated VarS acted as a phosphoryl group donor to VarA. A site-directed mutagenesis study showed that the His300, Asp718 and His874 residues in VarS were essential for the phosphorylation of VarS, and the Asp54 residue in VarA was likely to receive the phosphoryl group from VarS. The results demonstrate that the VarS/VarA two-component regulatory system regulates the expression of collagenase in V. alginolyticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiko Mima
- Department of Bacteriology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
| | - Kazuyoshi Gotoh
- Department of Bacteriology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yumiko Yamamoto
- Department of Bacteriology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Keiko Maeda
- Department of Bacteriology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | | | - Shunsuke Matsui
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yumi Murata
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takaki Koide
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tokumitsu
- Division of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Osamu Matsushita
- Department of Bacteriology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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65
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Molecular characterization of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) in Lucilia sericata larvae for potential therapeutic applications. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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66
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Chromosome-Encoded Hemolysin, Phospholipase, and Collagenase in Plasmidless Isolates of Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae Contribute to Virulence for Fish. Appl Environ Microbiol 2017; 83:AEM.00401-17. [PMID: 28341681 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00401-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae is a pathogen of marine animals, including fish of importance in aquaculture. The virulence plasmid pPHDD1, characteristic of highly hemolytic isolates, encodes the hemolysins damselysin (Dly) and phobalysin (PhlyP). Strains lacking pPHDD1 constitute the vast majority of the isolates from fish outbreaks, but genetic studies to identify virulence factors in plasmidless strains are scarce. Here, we show that the chromosome I-encoded hemolysin PhlyC plays roles in virulence and cell toxicity in pPHDD1-negative isolates of this pathogen. By combining the analyses of whole genomes and of gene deletion mutants, we identified two hitherto uncharacterized chromosomal loci encoding a phospholipase (PlpV) and a collagenase (ColP). PlpV was ubiquitous in the subspecies and exerted hemolytic activity against fish erythrocytes, which was enhanced in the presence of lecithin. ColP was restricted to a fraction of the isolates and was responsible for the collagen-degrading activity in this subspecies. Consistent with the presence of signal peptides in PlpV and ColP sequences, mutants for the type II secretion system (T2SS) genes epsL and pilD exhibited impairments in phospholipase and collagenase activities. Sea bass virulence experiments and cell culture assays demonstrated major contributions of PhlyC and PlpV to virulence and toxicity.IMPORTANCE This study constitutes genetic and genomic analyses of plasmidless strains of an emerging pathogen in marine aquaculture, Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae To date, studies on the genetic basis of virulence were restricted to the pPHDD1 plasmid-encoded toxins Dly and PhlyP. However, the vast majority of the recent isolates of this pathogen from fish farm outbreaks lack this plasmid. Here we demonstrate that the plasmidless strains produce two hitherto uncharacterized ubiquitous toxins encoded in chromosome I, namely, the hemolysin PhlyC and the phospholipase PlpV. We report the main roles of these two toxins in fish virulence and in cell toxicity. Our results constitute the basis for a better understanding of the virulence of a widespread marine pathogen.
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Pamfil D, Vasile C, Tarţău L, Vereştiuc L, Poiată A. pH-Responsive 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate/citraconic anhydride–modified collagen hydrogels as ciprofloxacin carriers for wound dressings. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/0883911516684653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
pH-Sensitive hydrogels of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate/citraconic anhydride–modified collagen were obtained by free radical copolymerization/crosslinking in the presence of ammonium persulfate/ N,N,N′, N′-tetramethylethylenediamine redox initiator system. Their pH-responsiveness was demonstrated by swelling behavior and ciprofloxacin release tests. Both unloaded and loaded hydrogels were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, and biocompatibility tests. The enzymatic degradation in the presence of Clostridium histolyticum mainly depends on initiator content. In vivo biocompatibility tests involving intraperitoneal hydrogels’ implantation in rats following the analysis by the granuloma test, leukocyte formula, immune parameters, and hepatic transaminases demonstrated their non-toxicity and biocompatibility with living tissues. The in vitro antimicrobial activity, in vivo biocompatibility, and in vitro biodegradability tests attest the possibility to use these new polymeric hydrogels with tailored properties as matrices for bioactive products in medical and pharmaceutical applications as wound care and targeting drug delivery systems. The ciprofloxacin release studies proved their potential as materials for wound dressings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Pamfil
- Department of Physical Chemistry of Polymers, “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Romanian Academy, Iaşi, Romania
| | - Cornelia Vasile
- Department of Physical Chemistry of Polymers, “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Romanian Academy, Iaşi, Romania
| | - Liliana Tarţău
- Department of Pharmacology-Algesiology, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iaşi, Romania
| | - Liliana Vereştiuc
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Medical Bioengineering, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iaşi, Romania
| | - Antoniea Poiată
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iaşi, Romania
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Functional study of gene hp0169 in Helicobacter pylori pathogenesis. Microb Pathog 2017; 104:225-231. [PMID: 28131950 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Many virulence genes have been reported to play important roles in Helicobacter pylori pathogenesis. However the detailed mechanisms of many of them have not been completely clear. In this study, we found gene hp0169, encoding a putative collagenase (HpPrtC), was involved in pathogenesis of H. pylori. Recombinant HpPrtC shows activities to both native and heat-denatured collagens. This result indicated that HpPrtC may act as a virulence factor to help the bacterium colonize in their host stomach by degrading surrounding collagens. hp0169 was deleted by homologous recombination to study its function in bacterium-host cell interaction. For the pathogenic functions on the host cells, the hp0169 mutant exhibits no significant changes on inducing apoptosis of GES-1 cells. However, the viability and proliferation rate of GES-1 cells infected with mutant strain were higher than the cells infected with wild-type strain. These results indicated that except for its collagenolytic activity, HpPrtC might participate in H. pylori pathogenesis through an additional pathway. Functional studies on hp0169 involved in pathogenesis would shed light on deep understanding of the pathogenic mechanism of H. pylori.
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Integrated Activity and Genetic Profiling of Secreted Peptidases in Cryptococcus neoformans Reveals an Aspartyl Peptidase Required for Low pH Survival and Virulence. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1006051. [PMID: 27977806 PMCID: PMC5158083 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The opportunistic fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans is a major cause of mortality in immunocompromised individuals, resulting in more than 600,000 deaths per year. Many human fungal pathogens secrete peptidases that influence virulence, but in most cases the substrate specificity and regulation of these enzymes remains poorly understood. The paucity of such information is a roadblock to our understanding of the biological functions of peptidases and whether or not these enzymes are viable therapeutic targets. We report here an unbiased analysis of secreted peptidase activity and specificity in C. neoformans using a mass spectrometry-based substrate profiling strategy and subsequent functional investigations. Our initial studies revealed that global peptidase activity and specificity are dramatically altered by environmental conditions. To uncover the substrate preferences of individual enzymes and interrogate their biological functions, we constructed and profiled a ten-member gene deletion collection of candidate secreted peptidases. Through this deletion approach, we characterized the substrate specificity of three peptidases within the context of the C. neoformans secretome, including an enzyme known to be important for fungal entry into the brain. We selected a previously uncharacterized peptidase, which we term Major aspartyl peptidase 1 (May1), for detailed study due to its substantial contribution to extracellular proteolytic activity. Based on the preference of May1 for proteolysis between hydrophobic amino acids, we screened a focused library of aspartyl peptidase inhibitors and identified four high-affinity antagonists. Finally, we tested may1Δ strains in a mouse model of C. neoformans infection and found that strains lacking this enzyme are significantly attenuated for virulence. Our study reveals the secreted peptidase activity and specificity of an important human fungal pathogen, identifies responsible enzymes through genetic tests of their function, and demonstrates how this information can guide the development of high affinity small molecule inhibitors. Many pathogenic organisms secrete peptidases. The activity of these enzymes often contributes to virulence, making their study crucial for understanding host-pathogen biology and developing therapeutics. In this report, we employed an unbiased, activity-based profiling assay to examine the secreted peptidases of a fungal pathogen, Cryptococcus neoformans, which is responsible for 40% of AIDS-related deaths. We discovered which peptidases are secreted, identified their substrate specificity, and interrogated their biological functions. Through this analysis, we identified a principal enzyme responsible for the extracellular peptidase activity of C. neoformans, May1, and demonstrated its importance for growth in acidic environments. Characterization of its substrate preferences allowed us to identify compounds that are potent substrate-based inhibitors of May1 activity. Finally, we found that the presence of this enzyme promotes virulence in a mouse model of infection. Our comprehensive study reveals the expression, regulation and function of C. neoformans secreted peptidases, including evidence for the role of a novel aspartyl peptidase in virulence.
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Apolinar-Hernández MM, Peña-Ramírez YJ, Pérez-Rueda E, Canto-Canché BB, De Los Santos-Briones C, O'Connor-Sánchez A. Identification and in silico characterization of two novel genes encoding peptidases S8 found by functional screening in a metagenomic library of Yucatán underground water. Gene 2016; 593:154-161. [PMID: 27522038 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Metagenomics is a culture-independent technology that allows access to novel and potentially useful genetic resources from a wide range of unknown microorganisms. In this study, a fosmid metagenomic library of tropical underground water was constructed, and clones were functionally screened for extracellular proteolytic activity. One of the positive clones, containing a 41,614-bp insert, had two genes with 60% and 68% identity respectively with a peptidase S8 of Chitinimonas koreensis. When these genes were individually sub-cloned, in both cases their sub-clones showed proteolytic phenotype, confirming that they both encode functional proteases. These genes -named PrAY5 and PrAY6- are next to each other. They are similar in size (1845bp and 1824bp respectively) and share 66.5% identity. An extensive in silico characterization showed that their ORFs encode complex zymogens having a signal peptide at their 5' end, followed by a pro-peptide, a catalytic region, and a PPC domain at their 3' end. Their translated sequences were classified as peptidases S8A by sequence comparisons against the non-redundant database and corroborated by Pfam and MEROPS. Phylogenetic analysis of the catalytic region showed that they encode novel proteases that clustered with the sub-family S8_13, which according to the CDD database at NCBI, is an uncharacterized subfamily. They clustered in a clade different from the other three proteases S8 found so far by functional metagenomics, and also different from proteases S8 found in sequenced environmental samples, thereby expanding the range of potentially useful proteases that have been identified by metagenomics. I-TASSER modeling corroborated that they may be subtilases, thus possibly they participate in the hydrolysis of proteins with broad specificity for peptide bonds, and have a preference for a large uncharged residue in P1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max M Apolinar-Hernández
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C., Calle 43 No. 130, Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida, Yucatán CP 97200, Mexico
| | - Yuri J Peña-Ramírez
- El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR) Unidad Campeche, Avenida Rancho Polígono 2A, Ciudad Industrial Lerma, Campeche, Campeche CP 24500, Mexico
| | - Ernesto Pérez-Rueda
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, UNAM, Cuernavaca, Morelos CP 62210, Mexico
| | - Blondy B Canto-Canché
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C., Calle 43 No. 130, Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida, Yucatán CP 97200, Mexico
| | - César De Los Santos-Briones
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C., Calle 43 No. 130, Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida, Yucatán CP 97200, Mexico
| | - Aileen O'Connor-Sánchez
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C., Calle 43 No. 130, Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida, Yucatán CP 97200, Mexico.
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Sheets AR, Demidova-Rice TN, Shi L, Ronfard V, Grover KV, Herman IM. Identification and Characterization of Novel Matrix-Derived Bioactive Peptides: A Role for Collagenase from Santyl® Ointment in Post-Debridement Wound Healing? PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159598. [PMID: 27459729 PMCID: PMC4961374 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Debridement, the removal of diseased, nonviable tissue, is critical for clinicians to readily assess wound status and prepare the wound bed for advanced therapeutics or downstream active healing. Removing necrotic slough and eschar through surgical or mechanical methods is less specific and may be painful for patients. Enzymatic debridement agents, such as Clostridial collagenase, selectively and painlessly degrade devitalized tissue. In addition to its debriding activities, highly-purified Clostridial collagenase actively promotes healing, and our past studies reveal that extracellular matrices digested with this enzyme yield peptides that activate cellular migratory, proliferative and angiogenic responses to injury in vitro, and promote wound closure in vivo. Intriguingly, while collagenase Santyl® ointment, a sterile preparation containing Clostridial collagenases and other non-specific proteases, is a well-accepted enzymatic debridement agent, its role as an active healing entity has never been established. Based on our previous studies of pure Clostridial collagenase, we now ask whether the mixture of enzymes contained within Santyl® produces matrix-derived peptides that promote cellular injury responses in vitro and stimulate wound closure in vivo. Here, we identify novel collagen fragments, along with collagen-associated peptides derived from thrombospondin-1, multimerin-1, fibronectin, TGFβ-induced protein ig-h3 and tenascin-C, generated from Santyl® collagenase-digested human dermal capillary endothelial and fibroblastic matrices, which increase cell proliferation and angiogenic remodeling in vitro by 50-100% over controls. Using an established model of impaired healing, we further demonstrate a specific dose of collagenase from Santyl® ointment, as well as the newly-identified and chemically-synthesized ECM-derived peptides significantly increase wound re-epithelialization by 60-100% over saline-treated controls. These results not only confirm and extend our earlier studies using purified collagenase- and matrix-derived peptides to stimulate healing in vitro and in vivo, but these Santyl®-generated, matrix-derived peptides may also represent exciting new opportunities for creating advanced wound healing therapies that are enabled by enzymatic debridement and potentially go beyond debridement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony R. Sheets
- Graduate Program in Cellular & Molecular Physiology, The Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, 136 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA, 02111, United States of America
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, Tufts University, 136 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA, 02111, United States of America
- The Center for Innovations in Wound Healing Research, School of Medicine, Tufts University, 136 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA, 02111, United States of America
| | - Tatiana N. Demidova-Rice
- The Center for Innovations in Wound Healing Research, School of Medicine, Tufts University, 136 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA, 02111, United States of America
| | - Lei Shi
- Smith & Nephew PLC, 3909 Hulen St., Fort Worth, TX, 76107, United States of America
| | - Vincent Ronfard
- University of North Texas Health Science Center, College of Pharmacy, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX, 76107, United States of America
| | - Komel V. Grover
- Smith & Nephew PLC, 3909 Hulen St., Fort Worth, TX, 76107, United States of America
| | - Ira M. Herman
- Graduate Program in Cellular & Molecular Physiology, The Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, 136 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA, 02111, United States of America
- Graduate Program in Cell, Molecular and Developmental Biology, The Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, 136 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA, 02111, United States of America
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, Tufts University, 136 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA, 02111, United States of America
- The Center for Innovations in Wound Healing Research, School of Medicine, Tufts University, 136 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA, 02111, United States of America
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Knapinska AM, Amar S, He Z, Matosevic S, Zylberberg C, Fields GB. Matrix metalloproteinases as reagents for cell isolation. Enzyme Microb Technol 2016; 93-94:29-43. [PMID: 27702483 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2016.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cell isolation methods for therapeutic purposes have seen little advancement over the years. The original methods of stem cell and islet isolation using bacterial collagenases were developed in the early 1980s and are still used today. Bacterial collagenases are subject to autodegradation, and isolates obtained with these enzymes may be contaminated with endotoxins, reducing cell viability and contributing to toxicity in downstream applications. Here we describe a novel method for isolation of mesenchymal stem cells from adipose tissue (ADSC) utilizing recombinantly produced matrix metalloproteases (MMPs). The ADSCs isolated by MMPs displayed essentially identical morphological and phenotypical characteristics to cells isolated by bacterially-derived collagenase I and Liberase™. Samples isolated with MMPs and Liberase™ had comparable levels of CD73, CD90, and CD105. The adipogenic and osteogenic potential of the ADSCs isolated by MMPs was retained as compared to cells isolated with Liberase™. However, ADSCs isolated by Liberase™ displayed 6% contamination with other cells as per negative markers revealed by PE staining, as opposed to<1% for all MMP-treated samples. MMP-based cell isolation may contribute to optimization of transplantation technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Knapinska
- Florida Atlantic University, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States; Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, Departments of Chemistry and Biology, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, United States
| | - Sabrina Amar
- Florida Atlantic University, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States; Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, Departments of Chemistry and Biology, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, United States
| | - Zhong He
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute of Florida, Port Saint Lucie, FL 34987, United States
| | | | | | - Gregg B Fields
- Florida Atlantic University, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States; Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, Departments of Chemistry and Biology, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, United States; The Scripps Research Institute/Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States.
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73
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Chioma O, Aruni AW, Milford TA, Fletcher HM. Filifactor alocis collagenase can modulate apoptosis of normal oral keratinocytes. Mol Oral Microbiol 2016; 32:166-177. [PMID: 27149930 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
To successfully colonize host cells, pathogenic bacteria must circumvent the host's structural barrier such as the collagen-rich extracellular matrix (ECM), as a preliminary step to invasion and colonization of the periodontal tissue. Filifactor alocis possesses a putative Peptidase U32 family protein (HMPREF0389_00504) with collagenase activity that may play a significant role in colonization of host tissue during periodontitis by breaking down collagen into peptides and disruption of the host cell. Domain architecture of the HMPREF0389_00504 protein predicted the presence of a characteristic PrtC-like collagenase domain, and a peptidase domain. Our study demonstrated that the recombinant F. alocis peptidase U32 protein (designated PrtFAC) can interact with, and degrade, type I collagen, heat-denatured collagen and gelatin in a calcium-dependent manner. PrtFAC decreased viability and induced apoptosis of normal oral keratinocytes (NOKs) in a time and dose-dependent manner. Transcriptome analysis of NOK cells treated with PrtFAC showed an upregulation of the genes encoding human pro-apoptotic proteins: Apoptotic peptidase activating factor 1 (Apaf1) cytochrome C, as well as caspase 3 and caspase 9, suggesting the involvement of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. There was a significant increase in caspase 3/7 activity in NOK cells treated with PrtFAC. Taken together, these findings suggest that F. alocis PrtFAC protein may play a role in the virulence and pathogenesis of F. alocis.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Chioma
- Division of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - A W Aruni
- Division of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - T-A Milford
- Division of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - H M Fletcher
- Division of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.,Institute of Oral Biology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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74
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Pal GK, PV S. Microbial collagenases: challenges and prospects in production and potential applications in food and nutrition. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra23316j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial collagenases are promising enzymes in view of their extensive industrial and biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Kumar Pal
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research
- Meat and Marine Sciences Department
- CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute
- Mysuru-570020
- India
| | - Suresh PV
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research
- Meat and Marine Sciences Department
- CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute
- Mysuru-570020
- India
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75
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Bhagwat PK, Jhample SB, Jalkute CB, Dandge PB. Purification, properties and application of a collagenolytic protease produced by Pseudomonas sp. SUK. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra08157f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purified collagenolytic protease produced byPseudomonassp. SUK, its biophysical characterization and applicatory study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Padma B. Dandge
- Department of Biochemistry
- Shivaji University
- Kolhapur 416004
- India
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