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Nettmann E, Bergmann I, Pramschüfer S, Mundt K, Plogsties V, Herrmann C, Klocke M. Polyphasic analyses of methanogenic archaeal communities in agricultural biogas plants. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 76:2540-8. [PMID: 20154117 PMCID: PMC2849221 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01423-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2009] [Accepted: 02/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of the microbial consortia participating in the generation of biogas, especially in methane formation, is still limited. To overcome this limitation, the methanogenic archaeal communities in six full-scale biogas plants supplied with different liquid manures and renewable raw materials as substrates were analyzed by a polyphasic approach. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was carried out to quantify the methanogenic Archaea in the reactor samples. In addition, quantitative real-time PCR (Q-PCR) was used to support and complete the FISH analysis. Five of the six biogas reactors were dominated by hydrogenotrophic Methanomicrobiales. The average values were between 60 to 63% of archaeal cell counts (FISH) and 61 to 99% of archaeal 16S rRNA gene copies (Q-PCR). Within this order, Methanoculleus was found to be the predominant genus as determined by amplified rRNA gene restriction analysis. The aceticlastic family Methanosaetaceae was determined to be the dominant methanogenic group in only one biogas reactor, with average values for Q-PCR and FISH between 64% and 72%. Additionally, in three biogas reactors hitherto uncharacterized but potentially methanogenic species were detected. They showed closest accordance with nucleotide sequences of the hitherto unclassified CA-11 (85%) and ARC-I (98%) clusters. These results point to hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis as a predominant pathway for methane synthesis in five of the six analyzed biogas plants. In addition, a correlation between the absence of Methanosaetaceae in the biogas reactors and high concentrations of total ammonia (sum of NH(3) and NH(4)(+)) was observed.
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MESH Headings
- Ammonia/metabolism
- Archaea/classification
- Archaea/genetics
- Archaea/metabolism
- Biofuels/microbiology
- Bioreactors/microbiology
- DNA, Archaeal/chemistry
- DNA, Archaeal/genetics
- DNA, Ribosomal/chemistry
- DNA, Ribosomal/genetics
- Genes, rRNA
- Hydrogen/metabolism
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Methane/metabolism
- Molecular Sequence Data
- RNA, Archaeal/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Nettmann
- Leibniz-Institut für Agrartechnik Potsdam-Bornim e.V., Abteilung Bioverfahrenstechnik, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, D-14469 Potsdam, Germany, Leibniz-Institut für Agrartechnik Potsdam-Bornim e.V., Abteilung Technikbewertung und Stoffkreisläufe, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, D-14469 Potsdam, Germany, Technische Universität Berlin, Fakultät 3, Institut für Technischen Umweltschutz, Fachgebiet Umweltmikrobiologie, Franklinstrasse 29, D-10587 Berlin, Germany, Beuth Hochschule für Technik Berlin, Fachbereich Life Sciences and Technology, Lütticher Straße 38, D-13353 Berlin, Germany, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Landwirtschaftlich-Gärtnerische Fakultät, Invalidenstraße 42, D-10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - I. Bergmann
- Leibniz-Institut für Agrartechnik Potsdam-Bornim e.V., Abteilung Bioverfahrenstechnik, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, D-14469 Potsdam, Germany, Leibniz-Institut für Agrartechnik Potsdam-Bornim e.V., Abteilung Technikbewertung und Stoffkreisläufe, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, D-14469 Potsdam, Germany, Technische Universität Berlin, Fakultät 3, Institut für Technischen Umweltschutz, Fachgebiet Umweltmikrobiologie, Franklinstrasse 29, D-10587 Berlin, Germany, Beuth Hochschule für Technik Berlin, Fachbereich Life Sciences and Technology, Lütticher Straße 38, D-13353 Berlin, Germany, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Landwirtschaftlich-Gärtnerische Fakultät, Invalidenstraße 42, D-10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - S. Pramschüfer
- Leibniz-Institut für Agrartechnik Potsdam-Bornim e.V., Abteilung Bioverfahrenstechnik, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, D-14469 Potsdam, Germany, Leibniz-Institut für Agrartechnik Potsdam-Bornim e.V., Abteilung Technikbewertung und Stoffkreisläufe, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, D-14469 Potsdam, Germany, Technische Universität Berlin, Fakultät 3, Institut für Technischen Umweltschutz, Fachgebiet Umweltmikrobiologie, Franklinstrasse 29, D-10587 Berlin, Germany, Beuth Hochschule für Technik Berlin, Fachbereich Life Sciences and Technology, Lütticher Straße 38, D-13353 Berlin, Germany, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Landwirtschaftlich-Gärtnerische Fakultät, Invalidenstraße 42, D-10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - K. Mundt
- Leibniz-Institut für Agrartechnik Potsdam-Bornim e.V., Abteilung Bioverfahrenstechnik, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, D-14469 Potsdam, Germany, Leibniz-Institut für Agrartechnik Potsdam-Bornim e.V., Abteilung Technikbewertung und Stoffkreisläufe, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, D-14469 Potsdam, Germany, Technische Universität Berlin, Fakultät 3, Institut für Technischen Umweltschutz, Fachgebiet Umweltmikrobiologie, Franklinstrasse 29, D-10587 Berlin, Germany, Beuth Hochschule für Technik Berlin, Fachbereich Life Sciences and Technology, Lütticher Straße 38, D-13353 Berlin, Germany, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Landwirtschaftlich-Gärtnerische Fakultät, Invalidenstraße 42, D-10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - V. Plogsties
- Leibniz-Institut für Agrartechnik Potsdam-Bornim e.V., Abteilung Bioverfahrenstechnik, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, D-14469 Potsdam, Germany, Leibniz-Institut für Agrartechnik Potsdam-Bornim e.V., Abteilung Technikbewertung und Stoffkreisläufe, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, D-14469 Potsdam, Germany, Technische Universität Berlin, Fakultät 3, Institut für Technischen Umweltschutz, Fachgebiet Umweltmikrobiologie, Franklinstrasse 29, D-10587 Berlin, Germany, Beuth Hochschule für Technik Berlin, Fachbereich Life Sciences and Technology, Lütticher Straße 38, D-13353 Berlin, Germany, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Landwirtschaftlich-Gärtnerische Fakultät, Invalidenstraße 42, D-10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - C. Herrmann
- Leibniz-Institut für Agrartechnik Potsdam-Bornim e.V., Abteilung Bioverfahrenstechnik, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, D-14469 Potsdam, Germany, Leibniz-Institut für Agrartechnik Potsdam-Bornim e.V., Abteilung Technikbewertung und Stoffkreisläufe, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, D-14469 Potsdam, Germany, Technische Universität Berlin, Fakultät 3, Institut für Technischen Umweltschutz, Fachgebiet Umweltmikrobiologie, Franklinstrasse 29, D-10587 Berlin, Germany, Beuth Hochschule für Technik Berlin, Fachbereich Life Sciences and Technology, Lütticher Straße 38, D-13353 Berlin, Germany, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Landwirtschaftlich-Gärtnerische Fakultät, Invalidenstraße 42, D-10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - M. Klocke
- Leibniz-Institut für Agrartechnik Potsdam-Bornim e.V., Abteilung Bioverfahrenstechnik, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, D-14469 Potsdam, Germany, Leibniz-Institut für Agrartechnik Potsdam-Bornim e.V., Abteilung Technikbewertung und Stoffkreisläufe, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, D-14469 Potsdam, Germany, Technische Universität Berlin, Fakultät 3, Institut für Technischen Umweltschutz, Fachgebiet Umweltmikrobiologie, Franklinstrasse 29, D-10587 Berlin, Germany, Beuth Hochschule für Technik Berlin, Fachbereich Life Sciences and Technology, Lütticher Straße 38, D-13353 Berlin, Germany, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Landwirtschaftlich-Gärtnerische Fakultät, Invalidenstraße 42, D-10099 Berlin, Germany
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McKay CP, Porco CC, Altheide T, Davis WL, Kral TA. The possible origin and persistence of life on Enceladus and detection of biomarkers in the plume. ASTROBIOLOGY 2008; 8:909-919. [PMID: 18950287 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2008.0265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The jets of icy particles and water vapor issuing from the south pole of Enceladus are evidence for activity driven by some geophysical energy source. The vapor has also been shown to contain simple organic compounds, and the south polar terrain is bathed in excess heat coming from below. The source of the ice and vapor, and the mechanisms that accelerate the material into space, remain obscure. However, it is possible that a liquid water environment exists beneath the south polar cap, which may be conducive to life. Several theories for the origin of life on Earth would apply to Enceladus. These are (1) origin in an organic-rich mixture, (2) origin in the redox gradient of a submarine vent, and (3) panspermia. There are three microbial ecosystems on Earth that do not rely on sunlight, oxygen, or organics produced at the surface and, thus, provide analogues for possible ecologies on Enceladus. Two of these ecosystems are found deep in volcanic rock, and the primary productivity is based on the consumption by methanogens of hydrogen produced by rock reactions with water. The third ecosystem is found deep below the surface in South Africa and is based on sulfur-reducing bacteria consuming hydrogen and sulfate, both of which are ultimately produced by radioactive decay. Methane has been detected in the plume of Enceladus and may be biological in origin. An indicator of biological origin may be the ratio of non-methane hydrocarbons to methane, which is very low (0.001) for biological sources but is higher (0.1-0.01) for nonbiological sources. Thus, Cassini's instruments may detect plausible evidence for life by analysis of hydrocarbons in the plume during close encounters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P McKay
- Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA.
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Kato S, Kosaka T, Watanabe K. Comparative transcriptome analysis of responses of Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus to different environmental stimuli. Environ Microbiol 2007; 10:893-905. [PMID: 18036179 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2007.01508.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus strain DeltaH is a model hydrogenotrophic methanogen, for which the complete genome sequence and extensive biochemical information are available. Little is known, however, about how this organism regulates its cellular functions in response to environmental stimuli. In this study, whole-genome oligonucleotide microarrays were constructed for M. thermautotrophicus and used to gain insights into how this organism responds to different environmental stimuli, including hydrogen depletion, shifts in pH and temperature and the occurrence of toxics (hydrogen peroxide and ammonia). Our analysis confirmed that methanogenesis genes (including mtd, mer, frh and mcr) were upregulated under hydrogen-limited conditions, while some of them were affected by other environmental stimuli. Concerning stress responses of this organism, several unique features were revealed. First, there was no universal stress response in this organism. Second, genes for alternative redox enzymes, such as rubrerythrin, were upregulated under the oxidative stress, but those for typical antioxidant enzymes were not. Third, genes relevant to the modification of cell surface structures were differentially expressed under stress conditions. Finally, energy-requiring CO(2) assimilation systems were downregulated under stress conditions. These findings suggest that M. thermautotrophicus has complex transcriptional regulation mechanisms that facilitate it to survive in unstable ecosystems such as an anaerobic digester.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souichiro Kato
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Marine Biotechnology Institute, Kamaishi, Iwate 026-0001, Japan
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