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Iwatani S, Yoneyama F, Miyashita S, Zendo T, Nakayama J, Sonomoto K. Identification of the genes involved in the secretion and self-immunity of lacticin Q, an unmodified leaderless bacteriocin from Lactococcus lactis QU 5. Microbiology (Reading) 2012; 158:2927-2935. [DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.062943-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shun Iwatani
- Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Division of Applied Molecular Microbiology and Biomass Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Fuminori Yoneyama
- Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Division of Applied Molecular Microbiology and Biomass Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Shiho Miyashita
- Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Division of Applied Molecular Microbiology and Biomass Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Takeshi Zendo
- Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Division of Applied Molecular Microbiology and Biomass Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Jiro Nakayama
- Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Division of Applied Molecular Microbiology and Biomass Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Kenji Sonomoto
- Laboratory of Functional Food Design, Department of Functional Metabolic Design, Bio-Architecture Center, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
- Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Division of Applied Molecular Microbiology and Biomass Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
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Banwo K, Sanni A, Tan H. Technological properties and probiotic potential of Enterococcus faecium strains isolated from cow milk. J Appl Microbiol 2012; 114:229-41. [PMID: 23035976 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Revised: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To identify enterococci from the fermentation of milk for the production of nono, an African fermented dairy product, to determine the technological properties for suitability as starter cultures and safety as probiotics. METHODS AND RESULTS Enterococcus faecium CM4 and Enterococcus faecium 2CM1 were isolated from raw cow's milk. The strains were phenotypically and genotypically identified. Technological properties, safety investigations, in vitro adherence properties and antimicrobial characteristics were carried out. Strong acidification and tolerance to bile salts were recorded. The strains were bile salts hydrolytic positive and no haemolysis. There was no resistance to clinically relevant antibiotics. The strains exhibited adherence to human collagen type IV, human fibrinogen and fibronectin. The bacteriocins were active against Bacillus cereus DSM 2301, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Micrococcus luteus and Listeria monocytogenes. Bacteriocins were stable at pH 4-9 and on treatment with lipase, catalase, α-amylase and pepsin, while their activity was lost on treatment with other proteases. The bacteriocins produced were heat stable at 100°C for 10 min. The bacteriocin produced by the strains was identified as enterocin A. CONCLUSIONS The E. faecium strains in this study exhibited probiotic activity, and the safety investigations indicate their suitability as good candidates for a starter culture fermentation process. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The use of bacteriocin-producing E. faecium strains as starter cultures in fermented foods is beneficial but, however, their safety investigations as probiotics must be greatly emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Banwo
- Department of Microbiology, University of Ibadan, P.M.B 1 Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
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Trinetta V, Morleo A, Sessa F, Iametti S, Bonomi F, Ferranti P. Purified sakacin A shows a dual mechanism of action against Listeria spp: proton motive force dissipation and cell wall breakdown. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2012; 334:143-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2012.02630.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Revised: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 06/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Trinetta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari Agroalimentari; Università degli Studi; Milano; Italy
| | - Anna Morleo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari Agroalimentari; Università degli Studi; Milano; Italy
| | - Fabio Sessa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari Agroalimentari; Università degli Studi; Milano; Italy
| | - Stefania Iametti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari Agroalimentari; Università degli Studi; Milano; Italy
| | - Francesco Bonomi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari Agroalimentari; Università degli Studi; Milano; Italy
| | - Pasquale Ferranti
- Dipartimento di Scienza degli Alimenti; Università degli Studi di Napoli; Napoli; Italy
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Characterization of new strain Lactobacillus paracasei I-N-10 with proteolytic activity: Potential role in decrease in β-casein immuno-reactivity. Eur Food Res Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-012-1772-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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55
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Beshkova D, Frengova G. Bacteriocins from lactic acid bacteria: Microorganisms of potential biotechnological importance for the dairy industry. Eng Life Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201100127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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DE LAS M CARDOSO MARÍA, MANZO RICARDOM, TONARELLI GEORGINAG, SIMONETTA ARTUROC. Characterisation of a cell-free supernatant obtained from cultures ofEnterococcus faecalisDBFIQ E24 with antagonistic activity against bacteria, yeasts and moulds. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0307.2012.00852.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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57
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El-Ghaish S, Hadji-Sfaxi I, Ahmadova A, Choiset Y, Rabesona H, Sitohy M, Haertlé T, Chobert JM. Characterization of two safe Enterococcus strains producing enterocins isolated from Egyptian dairy products. Benef Microbes 2012; 2:15-27. [PMID: 21831786 DOI: 10.3920/bm2011.0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Five bacterial cocci isolates were selected from a wide pool of 503 isolates collected from traditional Egyptian dairy products on the basis of their inhibitory activities against Lactobacillus brevis F145, Lactobacillus bulgaricus 340, Enterococcus faecium HKLHS, Listeria ivanovii ATCC, Listeria innocua CIP 80.11 and Listeria monocytogenes EGDe 107776. These 5 isolates were identified as E. faecium TX1330 and E. faecium E980 by 16S rDNA amplification and sequencing. The antibacterial activity of the two strains was not affected by treatment of the cell free culture supernatant with catalase but their activities disappeared completely when digested with protease K, α-chymotrypsin and trypsin. The antimicrobial substance was stable over a wide range of pH (2-10) and was active after heating at 100 °C for 10 min. Bacteriocin yield in two strains reached a maximum (1,600 AU/ml) at the end of the exponential phase (6 h) and remained stable until the end of 24 h-incubation period when the medium reached pH 5.5. Maximal production of bacteriocin was obtained when growing the bacterial cells at temperatures ranging between 30 and 37 °C. Bacteriocin production was unaffected when the bacterial cells grew under severe conditions of pH (9.6) and in high salt (6.5% NaCl). Thanks to PCR gene amplification the bacteriocins produced by E. faecium TX1330 could be identified as enterocins A and B structural genes, while the bacteriocins produced by E. faecium E980 could be identified as enterocins P and L50A structural genes, which can be classified into two enterocin subclasses (IIa and IIc), respectively. PCR amplification demonstrated that the two studied strains did not contain virulence factors asal, cyl A and B, ace, efaAfs and espfm. These two strains were sensitive to most of the tested antibiotics but were resistant to tetracycline. E. faecium E980 was also resistant to chloramphenicol.
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Affiliation(s)
- S El-Ghaish
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages, Equipe Fonctions et Interactions des Protéines, Nantes Cedex, France
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Jung WJ, Mabood F, Souleimanov A, Smith DL. Induction of defense-related enzymes in soybean leaves by class IId bacteriocins (thuricin 17 and bacthuricin F4) purified from Bacillus strains. Microbiol Res 2011; 167:14-9. [PMID: 21501957 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2011.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2010] [Revised: 02/08/2011] [Accepted: 02/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We have recently discovered a new class of bacteriocin (class IId) which stimulates plant growth in a way similar to Nod factors. Nod factors have been shown to provoke aspects of plant disease resistance. We investigated the effects of bacteriocins [thuricin 17 (T17) and bacthuricin F4 (BF4)] on the activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), guaiacol peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO). Bacteriocin solutions were fed into the cut stems of soybean (Glycine max L. Merr. cv. OAC Bayfield) seedlings at the first trifoliate stage. PAL activity in T17 treated leaves was the highest at 72h after treatment and was 75.5% greater than the control at that time. At 72h after treatment POD activities in T17 and BF4 treated leaves increased by 72.7 and 91.3%, respectively, as compared with the control treatment. APX activity was 52.3 and 49.6% respectively, greater than the control in T17 and BF4 treated leaves at 72h after treatment. SOD activity in T17 treated leaves was the highest at 72h after treatment and was 26.0% greater than the control at that time. SOD activity was 70.5 and 60.2% greater, respectively, than the control in T17 and BF4 treated leaves, at 72h. Using PAGE we found that one APX isozyme (28kDa isoform) showed the strongest induction in all bacteriocin treated leaves at 72h. Activity of the seven SOD isozymes was increased by both bacteriocins, relative to the control treatment. The 33kDa PPO isozyme was induced strongly by both bacteriocins, relative to the control treatment. These results indicate that class IId bacteriocins can act as an inducer of plant disease defense-related enzymes and may be acting through mechanisms similar to Nod factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Jin Jung
- Division of Applied Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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59
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Potential use of lactic acid bacteria for reduction of allergenicity and for longer conservation of fermented foods. Trends Food Sci Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2011.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Javed A, Masud T, ul Ain Q, Imran M, Maqsood S. Enterocins of Enterococcus faecium, emerging natural food preservatives. ANN MICROBIOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-011-0223-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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61
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Chanos P, Williams D. Anti-Listeria bacteriocin-producing bacteria from raw ewe’s milk in northern Greece. J Appl Microbiol 2011; 110:757-68. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2010.04932.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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62
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Mutacins from Streptococcus mutans UA159 are active against multiple streptococcal species. Appl Environ Microbiol 2011; 77:2428-34. [PMID: 21296932 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02320-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus mutans UA159, whose genome is completely sequenced, produces two nonlantibiotic mutacins, mutacin IV (encoded by nlmAB) and mutacin V (encoded by nlmC). In this study, we investigated the contribution of nlmA and nlmB to mutacin IV activity and demonstrated by performing genetic studies as well as by using semipurified molecules that, in contrast to a previous report, both of these genes are required for optimum mutacin IV activity. We also showed that mutacin IV is active against multiple Streptococcus species. In contrast, mutacin V displayed a narrower inhibitory range than mutacin IV. Our results suggest that mutacin IV and mutacin V may act synergistically to inhibit various organisms.
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63
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Chanos P, Williams D. Anti-Listeria bacteriocin-producing bacteria from raw ewe’s milk in northern Greece. J Appl Microbiol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2011.04932.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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64
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Alvarez-Cisneros YM, Fernández FJ, Wacher-Rodarte C, Aguilar MB, Sáinz Espuñes TDR, Ponce-Alquicira E. Biochemical characterization of a bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance produced by Enterococcus faecium MXVK29, isolated from Mexican traditional sausage. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2010; 90:2475-2481. [PMID: 20672343 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.4109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enterococci are lactic acid bacteria that can produce bacteriocins, which may offer an additional hurdle to control the growth of food-borne pathogens; moreover, these bacteriocins may have great potential as natural biopreservatives. The aim of this work was to characterize a bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance (BLIS) with antilisterial activity produced by an enterococcal strain. RESULTS The bacteriogenic strain was isolated from Mexican fermented sausages and identified as Enterococcus faecium with 99% sequence similarity. Maximal activity was detected at 16 h, where bacterial growth was in middle of the stationary phase. The producer strain was not inhibited by its own antimicrobial peptide. BLIS showed a strong anti-Listeria activity and was inactivated by proteinase K. Heating (121 °C for 15 min) induced some inactivation, but thermotolerance was higher at acid pH values. The yield obtained with a pH-mediated purification process was 32.7%, showing a band with an estimated molecular weight of 3.5 kDa. Automated N-terminal Edman degradation showed the following sequence: YYGNGVTCGSHHCSVD. CONCLUSION Biochemical characteristics of BLIS produced by E. faecium MXVK29 suggested that it belongs to Class IIa of the Klaenhammer classification and could be considered as a natural food preservative, although further studies need to be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yenizey M Alvarez-Cisneros
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Colonia Vicentina, 09340 Mexico, DF
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Bleicher A, Stark T, Hofmann T, Bogovič Matijašić B, Rogelj I, Scherer S, Neuhaus K. Potent antilisterial cell-free supernatants produced by complex red-smear cheese microbial consortia. J Dairy Sci 2010; 93:4497-505. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2010-3244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2010] [Accepted: 06/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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El-Ghaish S, Dalgalarrondo M, Choiset Y, Sitohy M, Ivanova I, Haertlé T, Chobert JM. Screening of strains of Lactococci isolated from Egyptian dairy products for their proteolytic activity. Food Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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67
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Dezwaan DC, Mequio MJ, Littell JS, Allen JP, Rossbach S, Pybus V. Purification and characterization of enterocin 62-6, a two-peptide bacteriocin produced by a vaginal strain of Enterococcus faecium: Potential significance in bacterial vaginosis. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY IN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2009; 19:241-250. [PMID: 19578555 DOI: 10.1080/08910600701538240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A bacteriocin produced by a vaginal isolate of Enterococcus faecium strain 62-6, designated enterocin 62-6, was characterized following purification and DNA sequence analysis and compared to previously described bacteriocins. Enterocin 62-6 was isolated from brain heart infusion (BHI) culture supernatants using ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by elution from a Sepharose cation exchange column using a continuous salt gradient (0.1-0.7 M NaCl). SDS-PAGE of an active column fraction resulted in an electrophoretically pure protein, which corresponded to the growth inhibition of the sensitive Lactobacillus indicator strain in the gel overlay assay. Purified enterocin 62-6 was shown to be heat- and pH-stable, and sensitive to the proteolytic enzymes alpha-chymotrypsin and pepsin. Results from mass spectrometry suggested that it comprised two peptides of 5206 and 5219+/-1 Da, which was confirmed by DNA sequence analysis. The characteristics of enterocin 62-6 as a small, heat- and pH-stable, cationic, hydrophobic, two-peptide, plasmid-borne bacteriocin, with an inhibitory spectrum against a broad range of Gram-positive but not Gram-negative bacteria, were consistent with its classification as a class IIc bacteriocin. Furthermore, its wide spectrum of growth inhibitory activity against Gram-positive bacteria of vaginal origin including lactobacilli, and stability under the acidic conditions of the vagina, are consistent with our hypothesis that it could have potential significance in disrupting the ecology of the vaginal tract and pave the way for the establishment of the abnormal microbiota associated with the vaginal syndrome bacterial vaginosis. This is the first class IIc bacteriocin produced by a strain of E. faecium of vaginal origin to be characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane C Dezwaan
- Department of Biology, Kalamazoo College, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
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Hu CB, Zendo T, Nakayama J, Sonomoto K. Description of durancin TW-49M, a novel enterocin B-homologous bacteriocin in carrot-isolated Enterococcus durans QU 49. J Appl Microbiol 2008; 105:681-90. [PMID: 18397254 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.03798.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To characterize the novel bacteriocin produced by Enterococcus durans. METHODS AND RESULTS Enterococcus durans QU 49 was isolated from carrot and expressed bactericidal activity over 20-43 degrees C. Bacteriocins were purified to homogeneity using the three-step purification method, one of which, termed durancin TW-49M, was an enterocin B-homologous peptide with most identical residues occurring in the N-terminus. Durancin TW-49M was more tolerant in acidic than in alkali. DNA sequencing analysis revealed durancin TW-49M was translated as a prepeptide of the double-glycine type. Durancin TW-49M and enterocin B expressed similar antimicrobial spectra, in which no significant variation due to the diversity in their C-termini was observed. CONCLUSIONS Durancin TW-49M, a novel nonpediocin-like class II bacteriocin, was characterized to the amino acid and genetic levels. The diverse C-terminal parts of durancin TW-49M and enterocin B were hardly to be suggested as the place determining the target cell specificity. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This is the first and comprehensive study of a novel bacteriocin produced by Ent. durans. The high homology at the N-terminal halves between durancin TW-49M and enterocin B makes them suitable to study the structure-function relationship of bacteriocins and their immunity proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-B Hu
- Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Division of Microbial Science and Technology, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
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Sánchez J, Basanta A, Gómez-Sala B, Herranz C, Cintas LM, Hernández PE. Antimicrobial and safety aspects, and biotechnological potential of bacteriocinogenic enterococci isolated from mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos). Int J Food Microbiol 2007; 117:295-305. [PMID: 17543406 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2007.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2007] [Accepted: 04/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Samples from the intestinal content and carcasses of mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) were evaluated for enterococci with antimicrobial activity, presence of genes coding bacteriocins and their expression, and potential virulence factors. Enterococcus faecalis comprised the largest enterococcal species with antagonistic activity followed by E. faecium, E. hirae, Enterococcus spp., and the non-enterococci. Although all E. faecalis isolates manifested a potent direct antimicrobial activity, no activity was detected in supernatants of most producer cultures. However, all E. faecium isolates showed antimicrobial activity in their supernatants and encoded bacteriocins, although the occurrence in the isolates of several enterocin genes did not always correlate with a higher antagonistic activity in supernatants. The efaAfm determinant was the only virulence gene detected in E. faecium, while E. faecalis showed a larger number of virulence determinants, and E. hirae did not carry any of the virulence genes examined. The rapid identification of genes coding described bacteriocins permits recognition of isolates that are potentially producers of novel bacteriocins. Purification of the antimicrobial activity of E. hirae DCH5 and Lactococcus garvieae DCC43 revealed unique chromatographic fragments after MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry analysis, suggesting the antagonistic peptides were purified to homogeneity. Bacteriocinogenic E. faecium and E. hirae isolates may be considered hygienic for production of bacteriocins, and potentially safe due to their low incidence of potential virulence genes and susceptibility to most clinically relevant antibiotics. However, the presence among the enterococci of E. faecalis strains with a potent antagonistic activity and multiple virulence factors, raises concerns regarding their potential pathogenicity to consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sánchez
- Departamento de Nutrición, Bromatología y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Deraz S, Plieva FM, Galaev IY, Karlsson EN, Mattiasson B. Capture of bacteriocins directly from non-clarified fermentation broth using macroporous monolithic cryogels with phenyl ligands. Enzyme Microb Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2006.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Franz CMAP, van Belkum MJ, Holzapfel WH, Abriouel H, Gálvez A. Diversity of enterococcal bacteriocins and their grouping in a new classification scheme. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2007; 31:293-310. [PMID: 17298586 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2007.00064.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterococci are lactic acid bacteria of importance in food, public health and medical microbiology. Many strains produce bacteriocins, some of which have been well characterized. This review describes the structural and genetic characteristics of enterocins, the bacteriocins produced by enterococci. Some of these can be grouped with typical bacteriocins produced by lactic acid bacteria according to traditional classification, whereas others are atypical and structurally distinct from the general classes of bacteriocins. These atypical enterocins recently played an important role in and prompted reclassification of the class II bacteriocins into a new scheme. In this review, a more simplified classification scheme for enterocins based on amino acid sequence homologies is proposed. Enterocins are of interest for their diversity and potential for use as food biopreservatives. The emergence of multiple antibiotic-resistant enterococci among agents of nosocomial disease and the presence of virulence factors among food isolates requires a careful safety evaluation of isolates intended for potential biotechnical use. Nevertheless, enterococcal bacteriocins produced by heterologous hosts or added as cell-free preparations may still be attractive for application in food preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles M A P Franz
- Federal Research Centre for Nutrition and Food, Institute for Hygiene and Toxicology, Karlsruhe, Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingolf F Nes
- Laboratory of Microbial Gene Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, N-1432 As, Norway.
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Batdorj B, Dalgalarrondo M, Choiset Y, Pedroche J, Métro F, Prévost H, Chobert JM, Haertlé T. Purification and characterization of two bacteriocins produced by lactic acid bacteria isolated from Mongolian airag. J Appl Microbiol 2006; 101:837-48. [PMID: 16968295 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2006.02966.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to isolate and identify bacteriocin-producing lactic acid bacteria (LAB) issued from Mongolian airag (traditional fermented mare's milk), and to purify and characterize bacteriocins produced by these LAB. METHODS AND RESULTS Identification of the bacteria (Enterococcus durans) was carried out on the basis of its morphological, biochemical characteristics and carbohydrate fermentation profile and by API50CH kit and 16S rDNA analyses. The pH-neutral cell-free supernatant of this bacterium inhibited the growth of several Lactobacillus spp. and food-borne pathogens including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria innocua. The antimicrobial agent (enterocin A5-11) was heat stable and was not sensitive to acid and alkaline conditions (pH 2-10), but was sensitive to several proteolytic enzymes. Its inhibitory activity was completely eliminated after treatment with proteinase K and alpha-chymotrypsin. The activity was however not completely inactivated by other proteases including trypsin and pepsin. Three-step purification procedure with high recovery yields was developed to separate two bacteriocins. The applied procedure allowed the recovery of 16% and 64% of enterocins A5-11A and A5-11B, respectively, present in the culture supernatant with purity higher than 99%. SDS-PAGE analyses revealed that enterocin A5-11 has a molecular mass of 5000 Da and mass spectrometry analyses demonstrates molecular masses of 5206 and 5218 Da for fractions A and B, respectively. Amino acid analyses of both enterocins indicated significant quantitative difference in their contents in threonine, alanine, isoleucine and leucine. Their N-termini were blocked hampering straightforward Edman degradation. CONCLUSIONS Bacteriocins A5-11A and B from Ent. durans belong to the class II of bacteriocins. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Judging from molecular masses, amino acid composition and spectrum of activities, bacteriocins A5-11A and B from Ent. durans show high degree of similarity with enterocins L50A and L50B isolated from Enterococcus faecium (Cintas et al. 1998, 2000) and with enterocin I produced by Ent. faecium 6T1a, a strain originally isolated from a Spanish-style green olive fermentation (Floriano et al. 1998).
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Affiliation(s)
- B Batdorj
- Fonctions et Interactions des Protéines Laitières/Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblages, INRA, Nantes Cedex 3, France
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74
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Yanagida F, Chen YS, Shinohara T. Searching for bacteriocin-producing lactic acid bacteria in soil. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2006; 52:21-8. [PMID: 16598155 DOI: 10.2323/jgam.52.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
A survey was conducted on the isolation and characterization of bacteriocin-producing lactic acid bacteria in soil. Forty-two acid-producing bacterial strains were isolated from 55 soil samples collected in Yamanashi prefecture, Japan. Investigation of antibacterial activities of isolates revealed that three isolates, Lactobacillus animalis C060203, Enterococcus durans C102901 and Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides C060204, showed antibacterial activities against the indicator strain of Lactobacillus sakei JCM 1157T. Bacteriocin from Enterococcus durans C102901 showed different characteristics from the known durancin L28-1A, produced by Enterococcus durans L28-1. Furthermore, this is the first report of a bacteriocin being produced by Lactobacillus animalis. Viewing from the species, bacteriocins from strains C102901 and C060203 showed high possibilities for the novel substances. These significant findings suggest that soil may be a common source for the isolation of novel bacteriocin-producing lactic acid bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujitoshi Yanagida
- The Institute of Enology and Viticulture, University of Yamanashi, Kitashin, Kofu, Japan
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75
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Martín M, Gutiérrez J, Criado R, Herranz C, Cintas LM, Hernández PE. Genes encoding bacteriocins and their expression and potential virulence factors of Enterococci isolated from wood pigeons (Columba palumbus). J Food Prot 2006; 69:520-31. [PMID: 16541681 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-69.3.520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Samples of the intestinal content and carcasses of wood pigeons (Columba palumbus) were evaluated for enterococci with antimicrobial activity. Enterococcus faecium comprised the largest enterococcal species with antagonistic activity, followed by Enterococcusfaecalis and Enterococcus columbae. PCR amplification of genes coding bacteriocins and determination of their nucleotide sequence, and the use of specific antipeptide bacteriocin antibodies and a noncompetitive indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, permitted characterization of enterococci coding that described bacteriocins and their expression. The efaAfm determinant was the only virulence gene detected in E. faecium, whereas E. faecalis showed a larger number of virulence determinants, and E. columbae did not carry any of the virulence genes examined. Although all E. faecalis isolates manifested a potent direct antimicrobial activity, no activity was detected in supernatants of producer cells. Purification of the antagonistic activity of E. columbae PLCH2 showed multiple chromatographic fragments after matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis, suggesting the active peptide(s) had not yet purified to homogeneity. Bacteriocinogenic E. faecium and E. columbae isolates may be considered hygienic for production of enterocins and potentially safe due to their low incidence of potential virulence genes and susceptibility of most relevant clinical antibiotics. However, the presence among the enterococci of E. faecalis strains with a potent antagonistic activity and multiple virulence factors is an issue that must be considered further.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Martín
- Departamento de Nutrición, Bromatología y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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76
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Foulquié Moreno MR, Sarantinopoulos P, Tsakalidou E, De Vuyst L. The role and application of enterococci in food and health. Int J Food Microbiol 2006; 106:1-24. [PMID: 16216368 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2005.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 644] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2005] [Accepted: 06/05/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The genus Enterococcus is the most controversial group of lactic acid bacteria. Studies on the microbiota of many traditional cheeses in the Mediterranean countries have indicated that enterococci play an important role in the ripening of these cheeses, probably through proteolysis, lipolysis, and citrate breakdown, hence contributing to their typical taste and flavour. Enterococci are also present in other fermented foods, such as sausages and olives. However, their role in these products has not been fully elucidated. Furthermore, the production of bacteriocins by enterococci is well documented. Moreover, enterococci are nowadays used as probiotics. At the same time, however, enterococci have been associated with a number of human infections. Several virulence factors have been described and the number of vancomycin-resistant enterococci is increasing. The controversial nature of enterococci has prompted an enormous increase in scientific papers and reviews in recent years, where researchers have been divided into two groups, namely pro and contra enterococci. To the authors' impression, the negative traits have been focused on very extensively. The aim of the present review is to give a balanced overview of both beneficial and virulence features of this divisive group of microorganisms, because it is only acquaintance with both sides that may allow their safe exploitation as starter cultures or co-cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Foulquié Moreno
- Research Group of Industrial Microbiology, Fermentation Technology and Downstream Processing (IMDO), Department of Applied Biological Sciences and Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
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Prasad S, Morris PC, Hansen R, Meaden PG, Austin B. A novel bacteriocin-like substance (BLIS) from a pathogenic strain of Vibrio harveyi. Microbiology (Reading) 2005; 151:3051-3058. [PMID: 16151215 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.28011-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inter-strain and inter-species inhibition mediated by a bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance (BLIS) from a pathogenic Vibrio harveyi strain VIB 571 was demonstrated against four isolates of the same species, and one culture each of a Vibrio sp., Vibrio fischeri, Vibrio gazogenes and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The crude BLIS, which was obtained by ammonium-sulphate precipitation of the cell-free supernatant of a 72 h broth culture of strain VIB 571, was inactivated by lipase, proteinase K, pepsin, trypsin, pronase E, SDS and incubation at ≥60 °C for 10 min. The activity was stable between pH 2–11 for at least 5 h. Anion-exchange chromatography, gel filtration, SDS-PAGE and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis revealed the presence of a single major peak, comprising a protein with a pI of ∼5·4 and a molecular mass of ∼32 kDa. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the protein comprised Asp-Glu-Tyr-Ile-Ser-X-Asn-Lys-X-Ser-Ser-Ala-Asp-Ile (with X representing cysteine or modified amino acid residues). A similarity search based on the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) generated peptide masses and the N-terminal sequence did not yield any significant matches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathish Prasad
- School of Life Sciences, John Muir Building, Heriot-Watt University, Riccarton, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Peter C Morris
- School of Life Sciences, John Muir Building, Heriot-Watt University, Riccarton, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Rasmus Hansen
- School of Life Sciences, John Muir Building, Heriot-Watt University, Riccarton, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Philip G Meaden
- School of Life Sciences, John Muir Building, Heriot-Watt University, Riccarton, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Brian Austin
- School of Life Sciences, John Muir Building, Heriot-Watt University, Riccarton, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
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Yoon YC, Park HJ, Lee NK, Paik HD. Characterization and enhanced production of enterocin HJ35 byEnterococcus faecium HJ35 isolated from human skin. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02931845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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