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Manimaran M, Teo YY, Kah JCY, Beishenaliev A, Loke YL, Foo YY, Ng SF, Chee CF, Chin SP, Faruqu FN, Chang CY, Misran M, Chung LY, Leo BF, Chiou SH, Chang CC, Tay ST, Kiew LV. PDADMAC/Alginate-Coated Gold Nanorod For Eradication of Staphylococcus Aureus Biofilms. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:3697-3714. [PMID: 38681091 PMCID: PMC11055529 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s452085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Over 75% of clinical microbiological infections are caused by bacterial biofilms that grow on wounds or implantable medical devices. This work describes the development of a new poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC)/alginate-coated gold nanorod (GNR/Alg/PDADMAC) that effectively disintegrates the biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), a prominent pathogen responsible for hospital-acquired infections. Methods GNR was synthesised via seed-mediated growth method, and the resulting nanoparticles were coated first with Alg and then PDADMAC. FTIR, zeta potential, transmission electron microscopy, and UV-Vis spectrophotometry analysis were performed to characterise the nanoparticles. The efficacy and speed of the non-coated GNR and GNR/Alg/PDADMAC in disintegrating S. aureus-preformed biofilms, as well as their in vitro biocompatibility (L929 murine fibroblast) were then studied. Results The synthesised GNR/Alg/PDADMAC (mean length: 55.71 ± 1.15 nm, mean width: 23.70 ± 1.13 nm, aspect ratio: 2.35) was biocompatible and potent in eradicating preformed biofilms of methicillin-resistant (MRSA) and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) when compared to triclosan, an antiseptic used for disinfecting S. aureus colonisation on abiotic surfaces in the hospital. The minimum biofilm eradication concentrations of GNR/Alg/PDADMAC (MBEC50 for MRSA biofilm = 0.029 nM; MBEC50 for MSSA biofilm = 0.032 nM) were significantly lower than those of triclosan (MBEC50 for MRSA biofilm = 10,784 nM; MBEC50 for MRSA biofilm 5967 nM). Moreover, GNR/Alg/PDADMAC was effective in eradicating 50% of MRSA and MSSA biofilms within 17 min when used at a low concentration (0.15 nM), similar to triclosan at a much higher concentration (50 µM). Disintegration of MRSA and MSSA biofilms was confirmed by field emission scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Conclusion These findings support the potential application of GNR/Alg/PDADMAC as an alternative agent to conventional antiseptics and antibiotics for the eradication of medically important MRSA and MSSA biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malarmugila Manimaran
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yin Yin Teo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - James Chen Yong Kah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Adilet Beishenaliev
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yean Leng Loke
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yiing Yee Foo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shiow-Fern Ng
- Centre for Drug Delivery Technology and Vaccine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chin Fei Chee
- Nanotechnology Catalysis Research Centre, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sek Peng Chin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Farid Nazer Faruqu
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chia-Yu Chang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Misni Misran
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lip Yong Chung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Bey Fen Leo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shih-Hwa Chiou
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chia-Ching Chang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Sun Tee Tay
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lik Voon Kiew
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Madhuri M, Rudramurthy SM, Roy U. Two promising Bacillus-derived antifungal lipopeptide leads AF 4 and AF 5 and their combined effect with fluconazole on the in vitro Candida glabrata biofilms. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1334419. [PMID: 38708082 PMCID: PMC11066293 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1334419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Candida species are endowed with the ability to produce biofilms, which is one of the causes of pathogenicity, as biofilms protect yeasts from antifungal drugs. Candida glabrata (Nakaseomyces glabrata) is one of the most prevalent pathogenic yeasts in humans and a biofilm producer. Methods: The study was aimed at evaluating the combined effects of two highly promising antifungal biomolecules (AF4 and AF5) lipopeptide in nature, chromatographically purified to homogeneity from Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) and the standard antifungal fluconazole (at different concentrations) to demonstrate C. glabrata biofilm formation inhibition. Biofilm production and inhibition were evaluated by quantification of the biofilm biomass and metabolic activity using crystal violet (CV) staining and XTT reduction assays, respectively. Microscopic techniques such as confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to visualize biofilm formation and inhibition. Results and Discussion: Compared to untreated and fluconazole-treated biofilms, an enhanced in vitro anti-biofilm effect of the antifungal lipopeptides AF4/AF5 alone and their combinations with fluconazole was established. The lipopeptides AF4/AF5 alone at 8 and 16 μg/mL exhibited significant biomass and metabolic activity reductions. SEM and CSLM images provided evidence that the lipopeptide exposure results in architectural alterations and a significant reduction of C. glabrata biofilms, whereas (2', 7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFDA) and propidium iodide (PI) analyses showed reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation along with membrane permeabilization. The estimation of exopolysaccharides (EPS) in AF4/AF5-treated biofilms indicated EPS reduction. The combinations of fluconazole (64/128 μg/mL) and AF4/AF5 lipopeptide (16 μg/mL) were found to significantly disrupt the mature (24 h) biofilms as revealed by CSLM and SEM studies. The CSLM images of biofilms were validated using COMSTAT. The FTIR-analyses indicate the antibiofilm effects of both lipopeptides on 24 h biofilms to support CSLM and SEM observations. The combinations of fluconazole (64/128 μg/mL) and AF4/AF5 lipopeptide were found to disrupt the mature biofilms; the study also showed that the lipopeptides alone have the potentials to combat C. glabrata biofilms. Taken together, it may be suggested that these lipopeptide leads can be optimized to potentially apply on various surfaces to either reduce or nearly eradicate yeast biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madduri Madhuri
- Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani, Sancoale, Goa, India
| | - Shivaprakash M Rudramurthy
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical Mycology Division, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Utpal Roy
- Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani, Sancoale, Goa, India
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Petraitiene R, Petraitis V, Zaw MH, Hussain K, Ricart Arbona RJ, Roilides E, Walsh TJ. Combination of Systemic and Lock-Therapies with Micafungin Eradicate Catheter-Based Biofilms and Infections Caused by Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis in Neutropenic Rabbit Models. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:293. [PMID: 38667964 PMCID: PMC11050883 DOI: 10.3390/jof10040293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Vascular catheter-related infections, primarily caused by Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis, pose significant challenges due to the formation of biofilms on catheters, leading to refractory disease and considerable morbidity. We studied the efficacy of micafungin in systemic and lock therapies to eliminate catheter-based biofilms and deep tissue infections in experimental central venous catheter (CVC)-related candidemia in neutropenic rabbits. Silastic CVCs in rabbits were inoculated with 1 × 103 CFU/mL of C. albicans or C. parapsilosis, establishing catheter-based biofilm, and subjected to various treatments. Neutropenic rabbits treated with a combination of lock therapy and systemic micafungin demonstrated the most significant reduction in fungal burden, from 5.0 × 104 to 1.8 × 102 CFU/mL of C. albicans and from 5.9 × 104 to 2.7 × 102 CFU/mL of C. parapsilosis (p ≤ 0.001), in the CVC after 24 h, with full clearance of blood cultures after 72 h from treatment initiation. The combination of lock and systemic micafungin therapy achieved eradication of C. albicans from all studied tissues (0.0 ± 0.0 log CFU/g) vs. untreated controls (liver 7.5 ± 0.22, spleen 8.3 ± 0.25, kidney 8.6 ± 0.07, cerebrum 6.3 ± 0.31, vena cava 6.6 ± 0.29, and CVC wash 2.3 ± 0.68 log CFU/g) (p ≤ 0.001). Rabbits treated with a combination of lock and systemic micafungin therapy demonstrated a ≥2 log reduction in C. parapsilosis in all treated tissues (p ≤ 0.05) except kidney. Serum (1→3)-β-D-glucan levels demonstrated significant decreases in response to treatment. The study demonstrates that combining systemic and lock therapies with micafungin effectively eradicates catheter-based biofilms and infections caused by C. albicans or C. parapsilosis, particularly in persistently neutropenic conditions, offering promising implications for managing vascular catheter-related candidemia and providing clinical benefits in cases where catheter removal is not feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruta Petraitiene
- Transplantation-Oncology Infectious Diseases Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, 1300 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA; (V.P.); (M.H.Z.); (K.H.)
| | - Vidmantas Petraitis
- Transplantation-Oncology Infectious Diseases Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, 1300 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA; (V.P.); (M.H.Z.); (K.H.)
| | - Myo H. Zaw
- Transplantation-Oncology Infectious Diseases Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, 1300 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA; (V.P.); (M.H.Z.); (K.H.)
- Sutter Health Memorial Medical Center, 1700 Coffee Rd., Modesto, CA 95355, USA
| | - Kaiser Hussain
- Transplantation-Oncology Infectious Diseases Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, 1300 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA; (V.P.); (M.H.Z.); (K.H.)
- Department of Radiology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston Radiology Associated, 6565 Fannin St. #268, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Rodolfo J. Ricart Arbona
- Center for Comparative Medicine and Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medicine, 1275 York Ave., New York, NY 10021, USA
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, 1300 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Emanuel Roilides
- Hippokration Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University, Konstantinoupoleos 49, GR-54642 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Thomas J. Walsh
- Transplantation-Oncology Infectious Diseases Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, 1300 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA; (V.P.); (M.H.Z.); (K.H.)
- Center for Innovative Therapeutics and Diagnostics, Richmond, VA 23220, USA
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Miller LA, Buckingham-Meyer K, Goeres DM. Simulated aging of draught beer line tubing increases biofilm contamination. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 415:110630. [PMID: 38401380 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2024.110630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Craft brewing is continually gaining popularity in the United States. Craft brewers are committed to producing a wide variety of products and have a vested interest in product quality. Therefore, these brewers have the expectation that the beer poured at the tap will match the quality product that left the brewery. The presence of biofilm in draught lines is hypothesized as a contributing factor when this expectation is not achieved. Clean in place strategies based on the Sinner's Circle of Cleaning are used to remediate organic and inorganic accumulation in beer draught lines, including controlling biofilm accumulation. A study was conducted to determine if repeated exposure to chemical cleaning of vinyl beer tubing impacted biofilm growth, kill/removal, and subsequent regrowth of a mixed species biofilm. The tubing was conditioned to simulate one, two, and five years of use. The data collected demonstrates a clear trend between simulated age of the tubing and biofilm accumulation on the surface. Bacterial log densities ranged from 5.6 Log10(CFU/cm2) for the new tubing to 6.6 Log10(CFU/cm2) for tubing aged to simulate five years of use. The counts for the yeast were similar. Caustic cleaning of the tubing, regardless of starting biofilm coverage, left less than 2.75 Log10(CFU/cm2) viable bacteria and yeast cells remaining on the tubing surface. This demonstrated the effectiveness of the caustic at controlling biofilm accumulation in the simulated beer draught line. The biofilm that accumulated in the five-year aged tubing was able to recover more quickly, reaching 3.6 Log10(CFU/cm2) within 24 h indicating the treatment did not fully eradicate the biofilm, suggesting that the strong chemistry used in this study would cease to be as effective over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey A Miller
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, 366 Barnard Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717, United States of America
| | - Kelli Buckingham-Meyer
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, 366 Barnard Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717, United States of America
| | - Darla M Goeres
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, 366 Barnard Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717, United States of America.
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Leandro LF, Moraes TS, Damasceno JL, Veneziani RCS, Ambrosio SR, Bastos JK, Santiago MB, Pedroso RS, Martins CHG. Antibacterial, antibiofilm, and antivirulence potential of the main diterpenes from Copaifera spp. oleoresins against multidrug-resistant bacteria. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03077-9. [PMID: 38619589 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03077-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
To evaluate the antibacterial, antibiofilm and antivirulence potential of the main diterpenes from Copaifera spp. oleoresins against multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. Antimicrobial assays included determination of the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC), Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of Biofilm (MICB50), as well as synergistic and antivirulence assays for eight diterpenes against MDR. The tests revealed that two diterpenes (named 1 and 5) showed the best results, with MIC and MBC between 12.5 and 50 μg/mL against most MDR bacteria. These diterpenes exhibited promising MICB50 in concentration between 3.12-25 μg/mL but showed no synergistic antimicrobial activity. In the assessment of antivirulence activity, diterpenes 1 and 5 inhibited only one of the virulence factors evaluated (Dnase) produced by some strains of S. aureus at subinhibitory concentration (6.25 μg/mL). Results obtained indicated that diterpenes isolated from Copaifera oleoresin plays an important part in the search of new antibacterial and antibiofilm agents that can act against MDR bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- L F Leandro
- Laboratory of Antimicrobial Testing, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia - UFU, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38405-320, Brazil
| | - T S Moraes
- Nucleus of Research in Sciences and Technology, University of Franca - UNIFRAN, Franca, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J L Damasceno
- Laboratory of Antimicrobial Testing, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia - UFU, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38405-320, Brazil
| | - R C S Veneziani
- Nucleus of Research in Sciences and Technology, University of Franca - UNIFRAN, Franca, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S R Ambrosio
- Nucleus of Research in Sciences and Technology, University of Franca - UNIFRAN, Franca, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J K Bastos
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M B Santiago
- Laboratory of Antimicrobial Testing, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia - UFU, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38405-320, Brazil
| | - R S Pedroso
- Technical School of Health, Federal University of Uberlândia - UFU, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - C H G Martins
- Laboratory of Antimicrobial Testing, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia - UFU, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38405-320, Brazil.
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Srivastava A, Verma N, Kumar V, Apoorva P, Agarwal V. Biofilm inhibition/eradication: exploring strategies and confronting challenges in combatting biofilm. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:212. [PMID: 38616221 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03938-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Biofilms are complex communities of microorganisms enclosed in a self-produced extracellular matrix, posing a significant threat to different sectors, including healthcare and industry. This review provides an overview of the challenges faced due to biofilm formation and different novel strategies that can combat biofilm formation. Bacteria inside the biofilm exhibit increased resistance against different antimicrobial agents, including conventional antibiotics, which can lead to severe problems in livestock and animals, including humans. In addition, biofilm formation also imposes heavy economic pressure on industries. Hence it becomes necessary to explore newer alternatives to eradicate biofilms effectively without applying selection pressure on the bacteria. Excessive usage of antibiotics may also lead to an increase in the number of resistant strains as bacteria employ an advanced antimicrobial resistance mechanism. This review provides insight into multifaceted technologies like quorum sensing inhibition, enzymes, antimicrobial peptides, bacteriophage, phytocompounds, and nanotechnology to neutralize biofilms without developing antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Furthermore, it will pave the way for developing newer therapeutic agents to deal with biofilms more efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anmol Srivastava
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211004, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nidhi Verma
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211004, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vivek Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211004, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pragati Apoorva
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211004, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vishnu Agarwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211004, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Crosby HA, Keim K, Kwiecinski JM, Langouët-Astrié CJ, Oshima K, LaRivière WB, Schmidt EP, Horswill AR. Host-derived protease promotes aggregation of Staphylococcus aureus by cleaving the surface protein SasG. mBio 2024; 15:e0348323. [PMID: 38511930 PMCID: PMC11005337 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03483-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the leading causes of hospital-acquired infections, many of which begin following attachment and accumulation on indwelling medical devices or diseased tissue. These infections are often linked to the establishment of biofilms, but another often overlooked key characteristic allowing S. aureus to establish persistent infection is the formation of planktonic aggregates. Such aggregates are physiologically similar to biofilms and protect pathogens from innate immune clearance and increase antibiotic tolerance. The cell-wall-associated protein SasG has been implicated in biofilm formation via mechanisms of intercellular aggregation but the mechanism in the context of disease is largely unknown. We have previously shown that the expression of cell-wall-anchored proteins involved in biofilm formation is controlled by the ArlRS-MgrA regulatory cascade. In this work, we demonstrate that the ArlRS two-component system controls aggregation, by repressing the expression of sasG by activation of the global regulator MgrA. We also demonstrate that SasG must be proteolytically processed by a non-staphylococcal protease to induce aggregation and that strains expressing functional full-length sasG aggregate significantly upon proteolysis by a mucosal-derived host protease found in human saliva. We used fractionation and N-terminal sequencing to demonstrate that human trypsin within saliva cleaves within the A domain of SasG to expose the B domain and induce aggregation. Finally, we demonstrated that SasG is involved in virulence during mouse lung infection. Together, our data point to SasG, its processing by host proteases, and SasG-driven aggregation as important elements of S. aureus adaptation to the host environment.IMPORTANCEHere, we demonstrate that the Staphylococcus aureus surface protein SasG is important for cell-cell aggregation in the presence of host proteases. We show that the ArlRS two-component regulatory system controls SasG levels through the cytoplasmic regulator MgrA. We identified human trypsin as the dominant protease triggering SasG-dependent aggregation and demonstrated that SasG is important for S. aureus lung infection. The discovery that host proteases can induce S. aureus aggregation contributes to our understanding of how this pathogen establishes persistent infections. The observations in this study demonstrate the need to strengthen our knowledge of S. aureus surface adhesin function and processing, regulation of adhesin expression, and the mechanisms that promote biofilm formation to develop strategies for preventing chronic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi A. Crosby
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Klara Keim
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jakub M. Kwiecinski
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Christophe J. Langouët-Astrié
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kaori Oshima
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wells B. LaRivière
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Eric P. Schmidt
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alexander R. Horswill
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Denver, Colorado, USA
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Sentkowska A, Konarska J, Szmytke J, Grudniak A. Herbal Polyphenols as Selenium Reducers in the Green Synthesis of Selenium Nanoparticles: Antibacterial and Antioxidant Capabilities of the Obtained SeNPs. Molecules 2024; 29:1686. [PMID: 38675506 PMCID: PMC11052002 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Selenium is an essential trace element for the proper functioning of the human body. In recent years, great attention has been paid to selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) due to their potential for medicinal applications. In this study, herbal extracts were used in the green synthesis of SeNPs. The influence of herbal species, the ratio of the reagents, and post-reaction heating on the antibacterial and antioxidant properties of obtained SeNPs were investigated. The relationship between these properties and the physical parameters of obtained nanoparticles (e.g., size, shape) was also studied. It has been proven that SeNPs showed higher antioxidant and antibacterial properties in comparison to herbal extracts taken for their synthesis. Heating of the post-reaction mixture did not affect the SeNP size, shape, or other studied properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julia Konarska
- Department of Bacterial Genetics, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland (J.S.); (A.G.)
| | - Jakub Szmytke
- Department of Bacterial Genetics, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland (J.S.); (A.G.)
| | - Anna Grudniak
- Department of Bacterial Genetics, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland (J.S.); (A.G.)
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Kunz Coyne AJ, Stamper K, Bleick C, Kebriaei R, Lehman SM, Rybak MJ. Synergistic bactericidal effects of phage-enhanced antibiotic therapy against MRSA biofilms. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0321223. [PMID: 38411110 PMCID: PMC10986480 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03212-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) causes biofilm-related medical device infections. Phage-antibiotic combinations offer potential therapy due to proven in vitro antibiofilm efficacy. We evaluated phage-antibiotic synergy against biofilms using modified checkerboard and 24-h time-kill assays. Humanized-simulated daptomycin (DAP) (10, 8, and 6 mg/kg q24h) and ceftaroline (CPT) (600 mg q12h) were combined with Intesti13, Sb-1, and Romulus phages (tMOI 1, q12h). Assays were conducted in 168-h biofilm reactor models against DAP non-susceptible (DNS) vancomycin intermediate S. aureus (VISA) MRSA D712 and DAP-susceptible MRSA 8014. Synergistic activity and bactericidal activity were defined as ≥2log10 CFU/mL reduction from antibiotic-only regimens and ≥3log10 CFU/mL decrease from baseline at 24 h. Differences were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance with Tukey's post hoc test (P ≤ 0.05 is considered significant). Surviving bacteria were examined for antibiotic minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC) changes and phage susceptibility. In 168-h biofilm models, humanized DAP 10 mg/kg + CPT, combined with a 2-phage cocktail (Intesti13 + Sb-1) against D712, and a 3-phage cocktail (Intesti13 + Sb-1 + Romulus) against 8014, demonstrated synergistic bactericidal activity. At 168 h, bacteria were minimally detectable [2log10 CFU/cm2 (-Δ4.23 and -Δ4.42 log10 CFU/cm2; both P < 0.001)]. Antibiotic MBIC remained unchanged compared to baseline across various time points. None of the tested bacteria at 168 h exhibited complete phage resistance. This study reveals bactericidal efficacy of DAP + CPT with 2-phage and 3-phage cocktails against DNS VISA and MRSA isolates (D712 and 8014) in biofilm models, maintaining susceptibility. Further research is needed for diverse strains and durations, aligning with infection care. IMPORTANCE The prevalence of biofilm-associated medical device infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) presents a pressing medical challenge. The latest research demonstrates the potential of phage-antibiotic combinations (PACs) as a promising solution, notably in vitro antibiofilm efficacy. By adopting modified checkerboard and 24-h time-kill assays, the study investigated the synergistic action of phages combined with humanized-simulated doses of daptomycin (DAP) and ceftaroline (CPT). The results were promising: a combination of DAP, CPT, and either a 2-phage or 3-phage cocktail effectively exhibited bactericidal activity against both DAP non-susceptible vancomycin intermediate S. aureus MRSA and DAP-susceptible MRSA strains within 168-h biofilm models. Moreover, post-treatment evaluations revealed no discernible rise in antibiotic resistance or complete phage resistance. This pioneering work suggests the potential of PACs in addressing MRSA biofilm infections, setting the stage for further expansive research tailored to diverse bacterial strains and treatment durations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashlan J. Kunz Coyne
- Anti-Infective Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Kyle Stamper
- Anti-Infective Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Callan Bleick
- Anti-Infective Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Razieh Kebriaei
- Anti-Infective Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Susan M. Lehman
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael J. Rybak
- Anti-Infective Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Detroit Receiving Hospital, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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60
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Ji Y, Han J, Moses M, Wang D, Wu L, Xue W, Sun L, Xu B, Chen C, Xiang Y, Huang X. The antimicrobial property of JY-1, a complex mixture of Traditional Chinese Medicine, is linked to it abilities to suppress biofilm formation and disrupt membrane permeability. Microb Pathog 2024; 189:106573. [PMID: 38354989 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The substantial increase of infections, caused by novel, sudden, and drug-resistant pathogens, poses a significant threat to human health. While numerous studies have demonstrated the antibacterial and antiviral effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the potential of a complex mixture of traditional Chinese Medicine with a broad-spectrum antimicrobial property remains underexplored. This study aimed to develop a complex mixture of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), JY-1, and investigate its antimicrobial properties, along with its potential mechanism of action against pathogenic microorganisms. Antimicrobial activity was assessed using a zone of inhibition assay and the drop plate method. Hyphal induction of Candida albicans was conducted using RPMI1640 medium containing 10% FBS, followed by microscopic visualization. Quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) was employed to quantify the transcript levels of hyphal-specific genes such as HWP1 and ALS3. The impact of JY-1 on biofilm formation was evaluated using both the XTT reduction assay and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, the cell membrane integrity was assessed by protein and nucleic acid leakage assays. Our results clearly showed that JY-1 significantly inhibits the vegetative growth of Candida spp. and Cryptococcus spp. In addition, this complex mixture is effectively against a wide range of pathogenic bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus, Vancomycin-resistant enterococci, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter cloacae. More interestingly, JY-1 plays a direct anti-viral role against the mammalian viral pathogen vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). Further mechanistic studies indicate that JY-1 acts to reduce the expression of hyphal specific genes HWP1 and ALS3, resulting in the suppression of the hyphal formation of C. albicans. The antimicrobial property of JY-1 could be attributed to its ability to reduce biofilm formation and disrupt the cell membrane permeability, a process resulting in microbial cell death and the release of cellular contents. Taken together, our work identified a potent broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent, a complex mixture of TCM which might be developed as a potential antimicrobial drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ji
- Unit of Pathogenic Fungal Infection & Host Immunity, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ji Han
- Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.164 Lanxi Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Munika Moses
- Unit of Pathogenic Fungal Infection & Host Immunity, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Di Wang
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology of Guizhou & Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education of Guizhou & Guizhou Talent Base for Microbiology and Human Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Lei Wu
- Unit of Pathogenic Fungal Infection & Host Immunity, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenwen Xue
- Nanjing Advanced Academy of Life and Health, Nanjing, 211135, China
| | - Lu Sun
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.164 Lanxi Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Changbin Chen
- Unit of Pathogenic Fungal Infection & Host Immunity, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China; Nanjing Advanced Academy of Life and Health, Nanjing, 211135, China.
| | - Yanwei Xiang
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China.
| | - Xinhua Huang
- Unit of Pathogenic Fungal Infection & Host Immunity, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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Lou Y, Palermo EF. Dynamic Antimicrobial Poly(disulfide) Coatings Exfoliate Biofilms On Demand Via Triggered Depolymerization. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2303359. [PMID: 38288658 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms are notoriously problematic in applications ranging from biomedical implants to ship hulls. Cationic, amphiphilic antibacterial surface coatings delay the onset of biofilm formation by killing microbes on contact, but they lose effectiveness over time due to non-specific binding of biomass and biofilm formation. Harsh treatment methods are required to forcibly expel the biomass and regenerate a clean surface. Here, a simple, dynamically reversible method of polymer surface coating that enables both chemical killing on contact, and on-demand mechanical delamination of surface-bound biofilms, by triggered depolymerization of the underlying antimicrobial coating layer, is developed. Antimicrobial polymer derivatives based on α-lipoic acid (LA) undergo dynamic and reversible polymerization into polydisulfides functionalized with biocidal quaternary ammonium salt groups. These coatings kill >99.9% of Staphylococcus aureus cells, repeatedly for 15 cycles without loss of activity, for moderate microbial challenges (≈105 colony-forming units (CFU) mL-1, 1 h), but they ultimately foul under intense challenges (≈107 CFU mL-1, 5 days). The attached biofilms are then exfoliated from the polymer surface by UV-triggered degradation in an aqueous solution at neutral pH. This work provides a simple strategy for antimicrobial coatings that can kill bacteria on contact for extended timescales, followed by triggered biofilm removal under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lou
- Materials Science and Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th St., Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Edmund F Palermo
- Materials Science and Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th St., Troy, NY, 12180, USA
- Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th St., Troy, NY, 12180, USA
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Zhou L, Meng G, Zhu L, Ma L, Chen K. Insect Antimicrobial Peptides as Guardians of Immunity and Beyond: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3835. [PMID: 38612644 PMCID: PMC11011964 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), as immune effectors synthesized by a variety of organisms, not only constitute a robust defense mechanism against a broad spectrum of pathogens in the host but also show promising applications as effective antimicrobial agents. Notably, insects are significant reservoirs of natural AMPs. However, the complex array of variations in types, quantities, antimicrobial activities, and production pathways of AMPs, as well as evolution of AMPs across insect species, presents a significant challenge for immunity system understanding and AMP applications. This review covers insect AMP discoveries, classification, common properties, and mechanisms of action. Additionally, the types, quantities, and activities of immune-related AMPs in each model insect are also summarized. We conducted the first comprehensive investigation into the diversity, distribution, and evolution of 20 types of AMPs in model insects, employing phylogenetic analysis to describe their evolutionary relationships and shed light on conserved and distinctive AMP families. Furthermore, we summarize the regulatory pathways of AMP production through classical signaling pathways and additional pathways associated with Nitric Oxide, insulin-like signaling, and hormones. This review advances our understanding of AMPs as guardians in insect immunity systems and unlocks a gateway to insect AMP resources, facilitating the use of AMPs to address food safety concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhen Zhou
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Guanliang Meng
- Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, 53113 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Ling Zhu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China;
| | - Li Ma
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030810, China
| | - Kangkang Chen
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;
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Gkartziou F, Plota M, Kypraiou C, Gauttam I, Kolonitsiou F, Klepetsanis P, Spiliopoulou I, Antimisiaris SG. Daptomycin Liposomes Exhibit Enhanced Activity against Staphylococci Biofilms Compared to Free Drug. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:459. [PMID: 38675120 PMCID: PMC11054717 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16040459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the anti-staphylococcal activity of liposomal daptomycin against four biofilm-producing S. aureus and S. epidermidis clinical strains, three of which are methicillin-resistant. Neutral and negatively charged daptomycin-loaded liposomes were prepared using three methods, namely, thin-film hydration (TFH), a dehydration-rehydration vesicle (DRV) method, and microfluidic mixing (MM); moreover, they were characterized for drug encapsulation (EE%), size distribution, zeta-potential, vesicle stability, drug release, and drug integrity. Interestingly, whilst drug loading in THF and DRV nanosized (by extrusion) vesicles was around 30-35, very low loading (~4%) was possible in MM vesicles, requiring further explanatory investigations. Liposomal encapsulation protected daptomycin from degradation and preserved its bioactivity. Biofilm mass (crystal violet, CV), biofilm viability (MTT), and growth curve (GC) assays evaluated the antimicrobial activity of neutral and negatively charged daptomycin-liposomes towards planktonic bacteria and biofilms. Neutral liposomes exhibited dramatically enhanced inhibition of bacterial growth (compared to the free drug) for all species studied, while negatively charged liposomes were totally inactive. Biofilm prevention and treatment studies revealed high antibiofilm activity of liposomal daptomycin. Neutral liposomes were more active for prevention and negative charge ones for treating established biofilms. Planktonic bacteria as well as the matured biofilms of low daptomycin-susceptible, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE) strains were almost completely eradicated by liposomal-daptomycin, indicating the need for their further exploration as antimicrobial therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foteini Gkartziou
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (C.K.)
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, FORTH/ICE-HT, Platani, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Maria Plota
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (M.P.); (F.K.)
- National Reference Centre for Staphylococci, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece;
| | - Charikleia Kypraiou
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (C.K.)
| | - Iti Gauttam
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (C.K.)
| | - Fevronia Kolonitsiou
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (M.P.); (F.K.)
- National Reference Centre for Staphylococci, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece;
| | - Pavlos Klepetsanis
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (C.K.)
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, FORTH/ICE-HT, Platani, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Iris Spiliopoulou
- National Reference Centre for Staphylococci, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece;
| | - Sophia G. Antimisiaris
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (C.K.)
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, FORTH/ICE-HT, Platani, 26504 Patras, Greece
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Wan J, Dai L, Xiao H, Zhang W, Zhang R, Xie T, Jia Y, Gao X, Huang J, Liu F. Biological characteristics of mechanosensitive channels MscS and MscL in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. J Bacteriol 2024; 206:e0042923. [PMID: 38391161 PMCID: PMC10955882 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00429-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is an important respiratory pathogen that can cause porcine contagious pleuropneumonia (PCP), resulting in significant economic losses in swine industry. Microorganisms are subjected to drastic changes in environmental osmolarity. In order to alleviate the drastic rise or fall of osmolarity, cells activate mechanosensitive channels MscL and MscS through tension changes. MscL not only regulates osmotic pressure but also has been reported to secrete protein and uptake aminoglycoside antibiotic. However, MscL and MscS, as the most common mechanosensitive channels, have not been characterized in A. pleuropneumoniae. In this study, the osmotic shock assay showed that MscL increased sodium adaptation by regulating cell length. The results of MIC showed that deletion of mscL decreased the sensitivity of A. pleuropneumoniae to multiple antibiotics, while deletion of mscS rendered A. pleuropneumoniae hypersensitive to penicillin. Biofilm assay demonstrated that MscL contributed the biofilm formation but MscS did not. The results of animal assay showed that MscL and MscS did not affect virulence in vivo. In conclusion, MscL is essential for sodium hyperosmotic tolerance, biofilm formation, and resistance to chloramphenicol, erythromycin, penicillin, and oxacillin. On the other hand, MscS is only involved in oxacillin resistance.IMPORTANCEBacterial resistance to the external environment is a critical function that ensures the normal growth of bacteria. MscL and MscS play crucial roles in responding to changes in both external and internal environments. However, the function of MscL and MscS in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae has not yet been reported. Our study shows that MscL plays a significant role in osmotic adaptation, antibiotic resistance, and biofilm formation of A. pleuropneumoniae, while MscS only plays a role in antibiotic resistance. Our findings provide new insights into the functional characteristics of MscL and MscS in A. pleuropneumoniae. MscL and MscS play a role in antibiotic resistance and contribute to the development of antibiotics for A. pleuropneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Wan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Lu Dai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Huasong Xiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Wendie Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Tingting Xie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Yizhen Jia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Xuejun Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Huang
- College of Arts and Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Feng Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
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Beram FM, Ali SN, Mesbahian G, Pashizeh F, Keshvadi M, Mashayekhi F, Khodadadi B, Bashiri Z, Moeinzadeh A, Rezaei N, Namazifard S, Hossein-Khannazer N, Tavakkoli Yaraki M. 3D Printing of Alginate/Chitosan-Based Scaffold Empowered by Tyrosol-Loaded Niosome for Wound Healing Applications: In Vitro and In Vivo Performances. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:1449-1468. [PMID: 38442406 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
This study introduces a tyrosol-loaded niosome integrated into a chitosan-alginate scaffold (Nio-Tyro@CS-AL), employing advanced electrospinning and 3D printing techniques for wound healing applications. The niosomes, measuring 185.40 ± 6.40 nm with a polydispersity index of 0.168 ± 0.012, encapsulated tyrosol with an efficiency of 77.54 ± 1.25%. The scaffold's microsized porous structure (600-900 μm) enhances water absorption, promoting cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation. Mechanical property assessments revealed the scaffold's enhanced resilience, with niosomes increasing the compressive strength, modulus, and strain to failure, indicative of its suitability for wound healing. Controlled tyrosol release was demonstrated in vitro, essential for therapeutic efficacy. The scaffold exhibited significant antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, with substantial biofilm inhibition and downregulation of bacterial genes (ndvb and icab). A wound healing assay highlighted a notable increase in MMP-2 and MMP-9 mRNA expression and the wound closure area (69.35 ± 2.21%) in HFF cells treated with Nio-Tyro@CS-AL. In vivo studies in mice confirmed the scaffold's biocompatibility, showing no significant inflammatory response, hypertrophic scarring, or foreign body reaction. Histological evaluations revealed increased fibroblast and macrophage activity, enhanced re-epithelialization, and angiogenesis in wounds treated with Nio-Tyro@CS-AL, indicating effective tissue integration and repair. Overall, the Nio-Tyro@CS-AL scaffold presents a significant advancement in wound-healing materials, combining antibacterial properties with enhanced tissue regeneration, and holds promising potential for clinical applications in wound management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saba Naeimaei Ali
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin 3419759811, Iran
| | - Ghazal Mesbahian
- School of Pharmacy, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416634793, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Pashizeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science, Yazd 8916188635, Iran
| | | | - Farzaneh Mashayekhi
- Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran 14535, Iran
| | - Behnoosh Khodadadi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physics and Chemistry, Alzahra University, Tehran 1993891176, Iran
| | - Zahra Bashiri
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14535, Iran
| | - Alaa Moeinzadeh
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14535, Iran
| | - Niloufar Rezaei
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research, Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19839-63113, Iran
| | - Saina Namazifard
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, 500 West First Street, Arlington, Texas 76019, United States
| | - Nikoo Hossein-Khannazer
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research, Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19839-63113, Iran
| | - Mohammad Tavakkoli Yaraki
- School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
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Wang Y, Liu Z, Chen T. Vaginal microbiota: Potential targets for vulvovaginal candidiasis infection. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27239. [PMID: 38463778 PMCID: PMC10923723 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is the second most common cause of vaginal infection globally after bacterial vaginosis (BV) and associated with adverse reproductive and obstetric outcomes, including preterm delivery, sexually transmitted infections and pelvic inflammatory disease. Although effective control of VVC is achievable with the use of traditional treatment strategies (i.e., antifungals), the possibility of drug intolerance, treatment failure and recurrence, as well as the appearance of antifungal-resistant Candida species remain critical challenges. Therefore, alternative therapeutic strategies against VVC are urgently required. In recent years, an improved understanding of the dysbiotic vaginal microbiota (VMB) during VVC has prompted the consideration of administering -biotics to restore the balance of the VMB within the context of VVC prevention and treatment. Here, we aim to summarize the current evidence of the anti-Candida effects of probiotics, postbiotics and synbiotics and their potential use as an alternative/complementary therapy against VVC. Additionally, this review discusses advantages and challenges associated with the application of -biotics in VVC to provide guidance for their later use. We also review new developments in VVC therapy, i.e., vaginal microbiota transplantation (VMT) as an emerging live biotherapeutic therapy against VVC and discuss existing shortcomings associated with this nascent field, expecting to stimulate further investigations for introduction of new therapies against VVC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University Jiangxi Medical College, No.1299, Xuefu Avenue, Honggutan District, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China
- Queen Mary School, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, No.1299, Xuefu Avenue, Honggutan District, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Zhaoxia Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University Jiangxi Medical College, No.1299, Xuefu Avenue, Honggutan District, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Tingtao Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University Jiangxi Medical College, No.1299, Xuefu Avenue, Honggutan District, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China
- School of Pharmacy, National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, No.1299, Xuefu Avenue, Honggutan District, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China
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Le PH, Linklater DP, Medina AA, MacLaughlin S, Crawford RJ, Ivanova EP. Impact of multiscale surface topography characteristics on Candida albicans biofilm formation: From cell repellence to fungicidal activity. Acta Biomater 2024; 177:20-36. [PMID: 38342192 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
While there has been significant research conducted on bacterial colonization on implant materials, with a focus on developing surface modifications to prevent the formation of bacterial biofilms, the study of Candida albicans biofilms on implantable materials is still in its infancy, despite its growing relevance in implant-associated infections. C. albicans fungal infections represent a significant clinical concern due to their severity and associated high fatality rate. Pathogenic yeasts account for an increasing proportion of implant-associated infections, since Candida spp. readily form biofilms on medical and dental device surfaces. In addition, these biofilms are highly antifungal-resistant, making it crucial to explore alternative solutions for the prevention of Candida implant-associated infections. One promising approach is to modify the surface properties of the implant, such as the wettability and topography of these substrata, to prevent the initial Candida attachment to the surface. This review summarizes recent research on the effects of surface wettability, roughness, and architecture on Candida spp. attachment to implantable materials. The nanofabrication of material surfaces are highlighted as a potential method for the prevention of Candida spp. attachment and biofilm formation on medical implant materials. Understanding the mechanisms by which Candida spp. attach to surfaces will allow such surfaces to be designed such that the incidence and severity of Candida infections in patients can be significantly reduced. Most importantly, this approach could also substantially reduce the need to use antifungals for the prevention and treatment of these infections, thereby playing a crucial role in minimizing the possibility contributing to instances of antimicrobial resistance. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: In this review we provide a systematic analysis of the role that surface characteristics, such as wettability, roughness, topography and architecture, play on the extent of C. albicans cells attachment that will occur on biomaterial surfaces. We show that exploiting bioinspired surfaces could significantly contribute to the prevention of antimicrobial resistance to antifungal and chemical-based preventive measures. By reducing the attachment and growth of C. albicans cells using surface structure approaches, we can decrease the need for antifungals, which are conventionally used to treat such infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuc H Le
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; ARC Research Hub for Australian Steel Manufacturing, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
| | - Denver P Linklater
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; ARC Research Hub for Australian Steel Manufacturing, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Graeme Clark Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Arturo Aburto Medina
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Shane MacLaughlin
- ARC Research Hub for Australian Steel Manufacturing, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia; BlueScope Steel Research, Port Kembla, NSW 2505, Australia
| | - Russell J Crawford
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Elena P Ivanova
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; ARC Research Hub for Australian Steel Manufacturing, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia.
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Burchard R, Graw J. Use of a silver-coated plate to treat a postoperative infection after high tibial osteotomy - a case report. J Bone Jt Infect 2024; 9:117-119. [PMID: 38779580 PMCID: PMC11110801 DOI: 10.5194/jbji-9-117-2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Unilateral osteoarthritis of the knee can be treated by osteotomy. In case of postoperative infection after high tibial osteotomy, treatment can be challenging and often requires implant removal with the risk of loss of reduction. In the presented case, a 47-year old patient suffered postoperative infection after high tibial osteotomy using an angular stable plate with the need for multiple revision surgeries and anti-infective therapy. Implant exchange to a silver-coated angular plate led to infection control with undisturbed wound healing and further bone consolidation. Full bone consolidation could be achieved radiographically 12 months after the last revision surgery. One-step implant exchange using silver-coated implants could be a promising approach to address postoperative infections after high tibial osteotomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rene Burchard
- University of Marburg, Marburg 35037, Germany
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital of Giessen and Marburg, Marburg 35043, Germany
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Lahn-Dill-Kliniken, Dillenburg 35683, Germany
| | - Jan A. Graw
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm 89081, Germany
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Koloh R, Balázs VL, Nagy-Radványi L, Kocsis B, Kerekes EB, Kocsis M, Farkas Á. Chestnut Honey Is Effective against Mixed Biofilms at Different Stages of Maturity. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:255. [PMID: 38534690 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13030255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The irresponsible overuse of antibiotics has increased the occurrence of resistant bacterial strains, which represents one of the biggest patient safety risks today. Due to antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation in bacteria, it is becoming increasingly difficult to suppress the bacterial strains responsible for various chronic infections. Honey was proven to inhibit bacterial growth and biofilm development, offering an alternative solution in the treatment of resistant infections and chronic wounds. Our studies included chestnut honey, valued for its high antibacterial activity, and the bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and S. epidermidis, known to form multi-species biofilm communities. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of chestnut honey were determined for each bacterial strain. Afterwards, the mixed bacterial biofilms were treated with chestnut honey at different stages of maturity (incubation times: 2, 4, 6, 12, 24 h). The extent of biofilm inhibition was measured with a crystal violet assay and demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). As the incubation time increased and the biofilm became more mature, inhibition rates decreased gradually. The most sensitive biofilm was the combination MRSA-S. epidermidis, with a 93.5% inhibition rate after 2 h of incubation. Our results revealed that chestnut honey is suitable for suppressing the initial and moderately mature stages of mixed biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Koloh
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Viktória L Balázs
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Lilla Nagy-Radványi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Béla Kocsis
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Erika Beáta Kerekes
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Marianna Kocsis
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Farkas
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
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Jain M, Bhogar K, Baral P, Gaind R. Evaluation of risk factors associated with hard-to-heal wound infection in a tertiary care hospital. J Wound Care 2024; 33:180-188. [PMID: 38451790 DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2024.33.3.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The incidence of hard-to-heal wound infection, especially as a result of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative organisms, has increased in recent years. The reason for the increase is multifactorial and the ability of these pathogenic isolates to form biofilms is one of the important risk factors in wound infection. This study aimed to evaluate the risk factors associated with such cases. METHOD This prospective analytical study, conducted over a period of two months, included pus or tissue samples from hospital inpatients with Gram-negative hard-to-heal wound infection. The samples were processed with conventional microbiological techniques. Patient demographic details and the presence of various risk factors were recorded. Biofilm production was detected by tissue culture plate method in the laboratory. The data were analysed using SPSS version 21 (IBM Ltd., US). RESULTS The experimental cohort comprised 200 patients. Klebsiella spp. was the most common identified organism, followed by Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas spp. Carbapenem resistance was observed in 106 (53%) strains. Almost 66% of the strains showed biofilm formation. On evaluation of associated risk factors, age (p=0.043), presence of biofilms (p=0.0001), diabetes (p=0.002), hypertension (p=0.02) and medical device use (p=0.008) had significant association, whereas sex, previous surgery and prior antibiotic use had no significant impact on the chronicity of the wound. CONCLUSION In this study, chronicity of wounds was observed to be associated with multiple risk factors, especially the biofilm-forming ability of the strain. Biofilms are difficult to eradicate and additional measures, such as physical debridement, are important for resolving chronicity. Knowledge about specific risk factors would also allow clinicians a better understanding of the healing process and drive appropriate wound care interventions. DECLARATION OF INTEREST A grant was received from the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) for this work (grant ID: 2017-02686). The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Jain
- Department of Microbiology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Kavin Bhogar
- Department of Microbiology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Purabi Baral
- Department of Microbiology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Rajni Gaind
- Department of Microbiology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, Delhi, India
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Wan Dien T, Ngah NF. A Rare Case of Acute Post-cataract Surgery Endophthalmitis Associated With Achromobacter xylosoxidans. Cureus 2024; 16:e56527. [PMID: 38646201 PMCID: PMC11027173 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.56527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Achromobacter xylosoxidans is rarely reported as a causative agent of post-cataract surgery endophthalmitis. Here, we present a case where timely surgical intervention preserved the patient's vision. A 68-year-old man presented with clinical signs of endophthalmitis in his right eye three days after uneventful cataract surgery. He was initially treated with intravitreal, topical, and systemic antibiotics. After starting intravitreal, topical, and systemic antibiotics, his condition deteriorated on the second day of treatment. A prompt pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with the removal of the posterior chamber intraocular lens (PCIOL) was performed. Culture from the intravitreal tapping yielded A. xylosoxidans, which was sensitive to ceftazidime and piperacillin. His condition was better post-PPV, and the infection was under control until day 10 post-first PPV. There was a recrudescence of infection with a recurrence of hypopyon and loculations detected on B-scan ultrasound. A second PPV with the complete removal of the lens capsule was performed. One month later, his right eye was quiet without inflammation, with a best-corrected vision of 20/30. A. xylosoxidans is a rare but serious pathogen of endophthalmitis that often necessitates multiple surgical interventions. Although it may not initially respond to intravitreal injections and vitrectomy, appropriate treatment, such as the removal of the intraocular lens and capsulectomy, can still result in favorable visual outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai Wan Dien
- Ophthalmology, Hospital Shah Alam, Selangor, MYS
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Sardi JDCO, Derissi Braz Carlton J, Marcos CM, Fusco Almeida AM, Mendes Giannini MJS. Unveiling the functional significance of the 14.3.3 protein: A key player in Paracoccidioides brasiliensis biofilm formation. Microb Pathog 2024; 188:106537. [PMID: 38211834 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a systemic mycosis caused by Paracoccidioides spp. The interaction mediated by the presence of adhesins on the fungal surface and receptors in the extracellular matrix of the host, as well as the biofilm formation, is essential in its pathogenesis. Adhesins such as gp43, enolase, GAPDH (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase), and 14-3-3 have been demonstrated in the Paracoccidioides brasiliensis (Pb18) strain and recognized as necessary in the fungus-host interaction. The Pb 18 strain silenced to 14-3-3 showed changes in morphology, virulence, and adhesion capacity. The study aimed to evaluate the role of adhesin 14-3-3 in P. brasiliensis biofilm formation and the differential expression of genes related to adhesins, comparing planktonic and biofilm forms. The presence of biofilm was also verified in sutures in vitro and in vivo. The silenced strain (Pb14-3-3 aRNA) was compared with the wild type Pb18, determining the differential metabolic activity between the strains by the XTT reduction assay; the biomass by violet crystal and the polysaccharides by safranin, even as morphological differences by microscopic techniques. Differential gene expression for adhesins was also analyzed, comparing the relative expression of these in planktonic and biofilm forms at different times. The results suggested that the silencing of 14-3-3 protein altered the ability to form biofilm and its metabolism. The quantity of biomass was similar in both strains; however, the formation of exopolymeric substances and polysaccharide material was lower in the silenced strain. Our results showed increased expression of enolase, GAPDH, and 14-3-3 genes in the first periods of biofilm formation in the Pb18 strain. In contrast, the silenced strain showed a lower expression of these genes, indicating that gene silencing can influence the expression of other genes and be involved in the biofilm formation of P. brasiliensis. In vitro and in vivo assays using sutures confirmed this yeast's ability to form biofilm and may be implicated in the pathogenesis of paracoccidioidomycosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaina de Cássia Orlandi Sardi
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Laboratory of Clinical Mycology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, 14801-902, Brazil; Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Derissi Braz Carlton
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Laboratory of Clinical Mycology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, 14801-902, Brazil
| | - Caroline Maria Marcos
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Laboratory of Clinical Mycology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, 14801-902, Brazil
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco Almeida
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Laboratory of Clinical Mycology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, 14801-902, Brazil
| | - Maria José Soares Mendes Giannini
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Laboratory of Clinical Mycology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, 14801-902, Brazil.
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Zheng Y, Yang D, Gao B, Huang S, Tang Y, Wa Q, Dong Y, Yu S, Huang J, Huang S. A DNA-inspired injectable adhesive hydrogel with dual nitric oxide donors to promote angiogenesis for enhanced wound healing. Acta Biomater 2024; 176:128-143. [PMID: 38278340 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Chronic diabetic wounds are a severe complication of diabetes, often leading to high treatment costs and high amputation rates. Numerous studies have revealed that nitric oxide (NO) therapy is a promising option because it favours wound revascularization. Here, base-paired injectable adhesive hydrogels (CAT) were prepared using adenine- and thymine-modified chitosan (CSA and CST). By further introducing S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) and binary l-arginine (bArg), we obtained a NO sustained-release hydrogel (CAT/bArg/GSON) that was more suitable for the treatment of chronic wounds. The results showed that the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF was upregulated in the CAT/bArg/GSON group, and improved blood vessel regeneration was observed, indicating an important role of NO. In addition, the research findings revealed that following treatment with the CAT/bArg/GSON hydrogel, the viability of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli decreased to 14 ± 2 % and 6 ± 1 %, respectively. Moreover, the wound microenvironment was improved, as evidenced by a 60 ± 1 % clearance of DPPH. In particular, histological examination and immunohistochemical staining results showed that wounds treated with CAT/bArg/GSNO exhibited denser neovascularization, faster epithelial tissue regeneration, and thicker collagen deposition. Overall, this study proposes an effective strategy to prepare injectable hydrogel dressings with dual NO donors. The functionality of CAT/bArg/GSON has been thoroughly demonstrated in research on chronic wound vascular regeneration, indicating that CAT/bArg/GSON could be a potential option for promoting chronic wound healing. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This article prepares a chitosan hydrogel utilizing the principle of complementary base pairing, which offers several advantages, including good adhesion, biocompatibility, and flow properties, making it a good material for wound dressings. Loaded GSNO and bArg can steadily release NO and l-arginine through the degradation of the gel. Then, the released l-arginine not only possesses antioxidant properties but can also continue to generate a small amount of NO under the action of NOS. This design achieves a sustained and stable supply of NO at the wound site, maximizing the angiogenesis-promoting and antibacterial effects of NO. More neovascularization and abundant collagen were observed in the regenerated tissues. This study provides an effective repair hydrogel material for diabetic wound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsheng Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Dong Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Botao Gao
- Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Shuai Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Yubo Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qingde Wa
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Yong Dong
- Department of Oncology, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523106, China
| | - Shan Yu
- Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jun Huang
- Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Sheng Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China.
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Tolêdo CSS, Matheus MC, Fontoura GAT, Dezotti M, Fiaux SB. Impact of gradually-achieved high phenol loads on the nitrification and COD removal performance of an MBBR fed with synthetic wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2024; 45:1326-1342. [PMID: 36322430 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2022.2143286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Phenol is a noteworthy pollutant, found in effluents of many industrial processes, like oil refining and drugs production, which can impair the treatment efficiency of bioreactors. This study evaluated the performance of phenol, COD, and nitrogen removal of an aerobic bench-scale Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) exposed to gradually increasing phenol content over 233 days. The reactor had Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) set at 3 h and 40% filling degree (K1 media), and was fed with synthetic wastewater containing phenol (10, 20, 50, 100, 250 and 400 mg/L), glucose (400 mgCOD/L), and 40 mgN-NH3/L. Phenol, COD, and ammoniacal nitrogen removal averages were high - above 88%, 81%, and 82%, respectively -, even when the MBBR was exposed to the greatest phenol loads, indicating that the biofilm was able to acclimate and resist high phenol concentrations. However, the intense EPS production revealed the impact caused by phenol to the biofilm from the concentration of 250 mg/L onwards. Even though, at this concentration, the average removals of COD and phenol were 87.2% and 89.7%. The removal of ammoniacal nitrogen by nitrification was compromised, being 91.6% of the ammoniacal nitrogen removed by assimilation and only 0.35% removed by nitrification. At 400 mg phenol/L, the reactor provided COD and phenol average removals equal 88.6% and 80.9%, respectively. On the last day of operation, the removal of COD dropped to 55.4% and phenol removal was equal 49.0%. Novel microscopical evaluation of the MBBR's biofilm revealed some negative effects of the phenol on the microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Márcia Dezotti
- Chemical Engineering Program/COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Moureau N. Hydrophilic biomaterial intravenous hydrogel catheter for complication reduction in PICC and midline catheters. Expert Rev Med Devices 2024; 21:207-216. [PMID: 38445649 DOI: 10.1080/17434440.2024.2324885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION More than 30% of peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) and midline catheters experience complications. Most complications are related to thrombotic cellular adherence to catheter materials. AREAS COVERED This manuscript outlines PICC and midline catheter complications, the need to reduce complications and how hydrogel catheters may provide a solution to address these unmet needs based on available evidence. EXPERT OPINION Patients commonly require PICC or midline catheters for treatment to establish a reliable form of intravenous access. Catheters, while reliable in most cases, are not without complications, including occlusion, thrombosis and infection, each related to cellular adherence to the catheter material. Hydrophilic catheter coatings and composites have been developed to mitigate these thrombotic complications, reduce adherence of blood and bacterial cells to catheters and provide greater patient safety with these devices. Hydrogel materials are highly biocompatible and have been effective in reducing cellular adherence and the formation of biofilms on surfaces. Smooth hydrophilic catheter surfaces are potentially more comfortable for the patient, with reduced friction during insertion and removal. A catheter constructed of hydrophilic biomaterial, a hydrogel composite material, may minimize thrombotic complications in PICC and midline catheters, improving catheter performance and outcomes for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Moureau
- Nursing Research, PICC Excellence,Inc. Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Gattu R, Ramesh SS, Ramesh S. Role of small molecules and nanoparticles in effective inhibition of microbial biofilms: A ray of hope in combating microbial resistance. Microb Pathog 2024; 188:106543. [PMID: 38219923 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Microbial biofilms pose a severe threat to global health, as they are associated with deadly chronic infections and antibiotic resistance. To date, very few drugs are in clinical practice that specifically target microbial biofilms. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of novel therapeutic options targeting biofilm-related infections. In this review, we discuss nearly seventy-five different molecular scaffolds published over the last decade (2010-2023) which have exhibited their biofilm inhibition potential. For convenience, we have classified these into five different sub-groups based on their origin and design (excluding peptides as they are placed in between small molecules and biologics), namely, heterocycles; inorganic small molecules & metal complexes; small molecules decorated nanoparticles; small molecules derived from natural products (both plant and marine sources); and small molecules designed by in-silico approach. These antibiofilm agents are capable of disrupting microbial biofilms and can offer a promising avenue for future developments in human medicine. A hitherto review of this kind will lay a platform for the researchers to find new molecular entities to curb the serious menace of antimicrobial resistance especially caused by biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohith Gattu
- Postgraduate Department of Chemistry, JSS College of Arts, Commerce and Science (A Recognized Research Centre of University of Mysore), Ooty Road, Mysuru, 570025, Karnataka, India
| | - Sanjay S Ramesh
- Postgraduate Department of Chemistry, JSS College of Arts, Commerce and Science (A Recognized Research Centre of University of Mysore), Ooty Road, Mysuru, 570025, Karnataka, India
| | - Suhas Ramesh
- Postgraduate Department of Chemistry, JSS College of Arts, Commerce and Science (A Recognized Research Centre of University of Mysore), Ooty Road, Mysuru, 570025, Karnataka, India.
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Landoulsi J. Surface (bio)-functionalization of metallic materials: How to cope with real interfaces? Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 325:103054. [PMID: 38359674 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.103054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Metallic materials are an important class of biomaterials used in various medical devices, owing to a suitable combination of their mechanical properties. The (bio)-functionalization of their surfaces is frequently performed for biocompatibility requirements, as it offers a powerful way to control their interaction with biological systems. This is particularly important when physicochemical processes and biological events, mainly involving proteins and cells, are initiated at the host-material interface. This review addresses the state of "real interfaces" in the context of (bio)-functionalization of metallic materials, and the necessity to cope with it to avoid frequent improper evaluation of the procedure used. This issue is, indeed, well-recognized but often neglected and emerges from three main issues: (i) ubiquity of surface contamination with organic compounds, (ii) reactivity of metallic surfaces in biological medium, and (iii) discrepancy in (bio)-functionalization procedures between expectations and reality. These disturb the assessment of the strategies adopted for surface modifications and limit the possibilities to provide guidelines for their improvements. For this purpose, X-ray photoelectrons spectroscopy (XPS) comes to the rescue. Based on significant progresses made in methodological developments, and through a large amount of data compiled to generate statistically meaningful information, and to insure selectivity, precision and accuracy, the state of "real interfaces" is explored in depth, while looking after the two main constituents: (i) the bio-organic adlayer, in which the discrimination between the compounds of interest (anchoring molecules, coupling agents, proteins, etc) and organic contaminants can be made, and (ii) the metallic surface, which undergoes dynamic processes due to their reactivity. Moreover, through one of the widespread (bio)-functionalization strategy, given as a case study, a particular attention is devoted to describe the state of the interface at different stages (composition, depth distribution of contaminants and (bio)compounds of interest) and the mode of protein retention. It is highlighted, in particular, that the occurrence or improvement of bioactivity does not demonstrate that the chemical schemes worked in reality. These aspects are particularly essential to make progress on the way to choose the suitable (bio)-functionalization strategy and to provide guidelines to improve its efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessem Landoulsi
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface, 4 place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France; Laboratoire de Biomécanique & Bioingénierie, CNRS, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 20529 F-60205 Compiègne Cedex, France.
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Lundgren S, Sonesson A. Effect of Potassium Permanganate on Staphylococcal Isolates Derived from the Skin of Patients with Atopic Dermatitis. Acta Derm Venereol 2024; 104:adv18642. [PMID: 38415865 PMCID: PMC10916795 DOI: 10.2340/actadv.v104.18642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
In atopic dermatitis (AD), Staphylococcus aureus frequently colonizes lesions, leading to superinfections that can then lead to exacerbations. The presence of biofilm-producing isolates has been associated with worsening of the disease. Potassium permanganate is used as a topical treatment of infected eczema, blistering conditions, and wounds. Little is known of its effects against microbes in AD skin. The aim of this study was to explore antibacterial and antibiofilm properties of potassium permanganate against staphylococcal isolates derived from AD skin. Viable count and radial diffusion assays were used to investigate antibacterial effects of potassium permanganate against planktonic staphylococcal isolates. The antibiofilm effects were assessed using biofilm assays and scanning electron microscopy. The Staphylococcus aureus isolates were completely killed when exposed to 0.05% of potassium permanganate. In concentrations of 0.01%, potassium permanganate inhibited bacterial biofilm formation. Eradication of established staphylococcal biofilm was observed in concentrations of 1%. Electron microscopy revealed dense formations of coccoidal structures in growth control and looser formations of deformed bacteria when exposed to potassium permanganate. This suggests antibacterial and antibiofilm effects of potassium permanganate against staphylococcal isolates derived from AD skin, when tested in vitro, and a potential role in the treatment of superinfected AD skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrid Lundgren
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Biomedical Center B14, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Andreas Sonesson
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Biomedical Center B14, Lund, Sweden
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Yazdani M, Beihaghi M, Ataee N, Zabetian M, Khaksar S, Nasrizadeh H, Chaboksavar M. Anti-quorum sensing effects of SidA protein on Escherichia coli receptors: in silico analysis. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38414257 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2322632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Quorum sensing enables cell-cell communication in bacteria and regulates biofilm formation. Biofilm production promotes pathogenicity of Escherichia coli and causes infections. However, antibiotic resistance limits conventional treatment efficacy against biofilm infections. Quorum quenching offers an alternative by disrupting quorum sensing signals. Allicin, extracted from garlic, possesses antimicrobial and anti-quorum sensing properties. This study employed molecular docking and dynamics simulations to investigate allicin's interaction with the E. coli quorum sensing system, specifically targeting the cytoplasmic SidA receptor protein. SidA binds to N-acyl-homoserine lactone ligands and regulates quorum sensing in E. coli. The crystal structure of SidA was obtained from the PDB. Molecular docking revealed that allicin competitively binds to the ligand-binding pocket of SidA. Simulations analyzed the effects of allicin binding on SidA stability and affinity for N-acyl-homoserine lactones over 200 ns. Parameters like RMSD, RMSF, and hydrogen bonding indicated SidA was more stable when bound to allicin compared to unbound. Binding free energies suggested allicin reduced SidA's affinity for native ligands. Therefore, allicin binding to SidA alters its conformation and inhibits interaction with N-acyl-homoserine lactones, disrupting quorum sensing signaling and biofilm production in E. coli.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Yazdani
- Laboratory of Bioinformatic and Drug Design, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maria Beihaghi
- Department of Biology, Kavian Institute of Higher Education, Mashhad, Iran
- School of Science and Technology, The University of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Nazanin Ataee
- Department of Biology, Kavian Institute of Higher Education, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahsa Zabetian
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Samad Khaksar
- School of Science and Technology, The University of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Hanieh Nasrizadeh
- Department of Biology, Kavian Institute of Higher Education, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Masoud Chaboksavar
- Department of Biology, Kavian Institute of Higher Education, Mashhad, Iran
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80
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Loewe MF, Doll-Nikutta K, Stiesch M, Schwestka-Polly R. Biofilm volume and acidification within initial biofilms formed in situ on buccally and palatally exposed bracket material. J Orofac Orthop 2024:10.1007/s00056-024-00515-4. [PMID: 38409443 DOI: 10.1007/s00056-024-00515-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Acidification by bacterial biofilms at the bracket/tooth interface is one of the most common problems in fixed orthodontic treatments, which can lead to white spot lesions (WSL) and caries. As lingual brackets were shown to exhibit reduced WSL formation clinically, the aim of this in situ study was to compare initial intraoral biofilm formation and acidification on bracket-like specimens placed buccally and palatally in the upper jaw as a possible cause for this observation. METHODS Intraoral biofilm was collected from splints equipped with buccally and palatally exposed test specimens, which were worn by 12 volunteers for a total of 48 h. The test specimens consisted of standard bracket material cylinders on top of a hydroxyapatite disc to represent the bracket/tooth interface. They were analyzed for three-dimensional biofilm volume and live/dead distribution by fluorescence staining and confocal laser scanning microscopy as well as for acidification by fluorescence-based pH ratiometry. RESULTS Similar general biofilm morphology with regard to volume and viability could be detected for buccally and palatally exposed specimens. For pH values, biofilms from both positions showed increased acidification at the bottom layer. Interestingly, the pH value at the top layers of the biofilms was slightly lower on palatally than on buccally exposed specimens, which may likely be due to anatomic conditions. CONCLUSION Based on the results of this study, initial intraoral biofilm formation and acidification is almost similar on the bracket material/biomimetic tooth interface when placed buccally or palatally in the upper jaw. As lingual brackets were shown to exhibit reduced WSL formation clinically, future studies should investigate further factors like bracket geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micha Frederic Loewe
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Stadtfelddamm 34, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Katharina Doll-Nikutta
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Stadtfelddamm 34, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Meike Stiesch
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Stadtfelddamm 34, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Rainer Schwestka-Polly
- Department of Orthodontics, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
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81
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Wang Z, Vanbever R, Lorent JH, Solis J, Knoop C, Van Bambeke F. Repurposing DNase I and alginate lyase to degrade the biofilm matrix of dual-species biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa grown in artificial sputum medium: In-vitro assessment of their activity in combination with broad-spectrum antibiotics. J Cyst Fibros 2024:S1569-1993(24)00027-4. [PMID: 38402083 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2024.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biofilm-associated pulmonary infections pose therapeutic challenges in cystic fibrosis patients, especially when involving multiple bacterial species. Enzymatic degradation of the biofilm matrix may offer a potential solution to enhance antibiotic efficacy. This study investigated the repurposing of DNase I, commonly used for its mucolytic activity in cystic fibrosis, to target extracellular DNA within biofilms, as well as potential synergies with alginate lyase and broad-spectrum antibiotics in dual-species biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. METHODS Dual-species biofilms were grown in artificial sputum medium using S. aureus and P. aeruginosa isolated by pairs from the same patients and exposed to various combinations of enzymes, meropenem, or tobramycin. Activity was assessed by measuring biofilm biomass and viable counts. Matrix degradation and decrease in bacterial load were visualized using confocal microscopy. Biofilm viscoelasticity was estimated by rheology. RESULTS Nearly complete destruction of the biofilms was achieved only if combining the enzymatic cocktail with the two antibiotics, and if using supratherapeutic levels of DNase I and high concentrations of alginate lyase. Biofilms containing non-pigmented mucoid P. aeruginosa required higher antibiotic concentrations, despite low viscoelasticity. In contrast, for biofilms with pigmented mucoid P. aeruginosa, a correlation was observed between the efficacy of different treatments and the reduction they caused in elasticity and viscosity of the biofilm. CONCLUSIONS In this complex, highly drug-tolerant biofilm model, enzymes prove useful adjuvants to enhance antibiotic activity. However, the necessity for high enzyme concentrations emphasizes the need for thorough concentration-response evaluations and safety assessments before considering clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifen Wang
- Pharmacologie cellulaire et moléculaire, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rita Vanbever
- Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joseph H Lorent
- Pharmacologie cellulaire et moléculaire, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jessica Solis
- Pharmacologie cellulaire et moléculaire, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christiane Knoop
- Erasme Hospital, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Françoise Van Bambeke
- Pharmacologie cellulaire et moléculaire, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
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Herrera-Jordan K, Pennington P, Zea L. Reduced Pseudomonas aeruginosa Cell Size Observed on Planktonic Cultures Grown in the International Space Station. Microorganisms 2024; 12:393. [PMID: 38399797 PMCID: PMC10892763 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12020393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacterial growth and behavior have been studied in microgravity in the past, but little focus has been directed to cell size despite its impact on a myriad of processes, including biofilm formation, which is impactful regarding crew health. To interrogate this characteristic, supernatant aliquots of P. aeruginosa cultured on different materials and media on board the International Space Station (ISS) as part of the Space Biofilms Project were analyzed. For that experiment, P. aeruginosa was grown in microgravity-with matching Earth controls-in modified artificial urine medium (mAUMg-high Pi) or LB Lennox supplemented with KNO3, and its formation of biofilms on six different materials was assessed. After one, two, and three days of incubation, the ISS crew terminated subsets of the experiment by fixation in paraformaldehyde, and aliquots of the supernatant were used for the planktonic cell size study presented here. The measurements were obtained post-flight through the use of phase contrast microscopy under oil immersion, a Moticam 10+ digital camera, and the FIJI image analysis program. Statistical comparisons were conducted to identify which treatments caused significant differences in cell dimensions using the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests. There were statistically significant differences as a function of material present in the culture in both LBK and mAUMg-high Pi. Along with this, the data were also grouped by gravitational condition, media, and days of incubation. Comparison of planktonic cells cultured in microgravity showed reduced cell length (from 4% to 10% depending on the material) and diameter (from 1% to 10% depending on the material) with respect to their matching Earth controls, with the caveat that the cultures may have been at different points in their growth curve at a given time. In conclusion, smaller cells were observed on the cultures grown in microgravity, and cell size changed as a function of incubation time and the material upon which the culture grew. We describe these changes here and possible implications for human space travel in terms of crew health and potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherinne Herrera-Jordan
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City 01015, Guatemala;
| | - Pamela Pennington
- Research Institute, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City 01015, Guatemala;
| | - Luis Zea
- Aerospace Engineering Sciences Department, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
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Padhi AK, Maurya S. Uncovering the secrets of resistance: An introduction to computational methods in infectious disease research. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2024; 139:173-220. [PMID: 38448135 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2023.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global concern with significant implications for infectious disease control and therapeutics development. This chapter presents a comprehensive overview of computational methods in the study of AMR. We explore the prevalence and statistics of AMR, underscoring its alarming impact on public health. The role of AMR in infectious disease outbreaks and its impact on therapeutics development are discussed, emphasizing the need for novel strategies. Resistance mutations are pivotal in AMR, enabling pathogens to evade antimicrobial treatments. We delve into their importance and contribution to the spread of AMR. Experimental methods for quantitatively evaluating resistance mutations are described, along with their limitations. To address these challenges, computational methods provide promising solutions. We highlight the advantages of computational approaches, including rapid analysis of large datasets and prediction of resistance profiles. A comprehensive overview of computational methods for studying AMR is presented, encompassing genomics, proteomics, structural bioinformatics, network analysis, and machine learning algorithms. The strengths and limitations of each method are briefly outlined. Additionally, we introduce ResScan-design, our own computational method, which employs a protein (re)design protocol to identify potential resistance mutations and adaptation signatures in pathogens. Case studies are discussed to showcase the application of ResScan in elucidating hotspot residues, understanding underlying mechanisms, and guiding the design of effective therapies. In conclusion, we emphasize the value of computational methods in understanding and combating AMR. Integration of experimental and computational approaches can expedite the discovery of innovative antimicrobial treatments and mitigate the threat posed by AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya K Padhi
- Laboratory for Computational Biology & Biomolecular Design, School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Shweata Maurya
- Laboratory for Computational Biology & Biomolecular Design, School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Thirabowonkitphithan P, Žalnėravičius R, Shafaat A, Jakubauskas D, Neilands J, Laiwattanapaisal W, Ruzgas T. Electrogenicity of microbial biofilms of medically relevant microorganisms: potentiometric, amperometric and wireless detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 246:115892. [PMID: 38056343 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Since the progression of biofilm formation is related to the success of infection treatment, detecting microbial biofilms is of great interest. Biofilms of Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus gordonii bacteria, Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli bacteria, and Candida albicans yeast were examined using potentiometric, amperometric, and wireless readout modes in this study. As a biofilm formed, the open circuit potential (OCP) of biofilm hosting electrode (bioanode) became increasingly negative. Depending on the microorganism, the OCP ranged from -70 to -250 mV. The co-culture generated the most negative OCP (-300 mV vs Ag/AgCl), while the single-species biofilm formed by E. coli developed the least negative (-70 mV). The OCP of a fungal biofilm formed by C. albicans was -100 mV. The difference in electrode currents generated by biofilms was more pronounced. The current density of the S. aureus biofilm was 0.9‧10-7 A cm-2, while the value of the P. aeruginosa biofilm was 1.3‧10-6 A cm-2. Importantly, a biofilm formed by a co-culture of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa had a slightly higher negative OCP value and current density than the most electrogenic P. aeruginosa single-species biofilm. We present evidence that bacteria can share redox mediators found in multi-species biofilms. This synergy, enabling higher current and OCP values of multi-species biofilm hosting electrodes, could be beneficial for electrochemical detection of infectious biofilms in clinics. We demonstrate that the electrogenic biofilm can provide basis to construct novel wireless, chip-free, and battery-free biofilm detection method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pannawich Thirabowonkitphithan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, 205 06, Malmö, Sweden; Biofilms - Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, 205 06, Malmö, Sweden; Graduate Program in Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Patumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Rokas Žalnėravičius
- Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Department of Electrochemical Material Science, Sauletekio av. 3, LT-10257, Vilnius, Lithuania; Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Centre, Vilnius University, Sauletekio av. 7, LT-10257, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Atefeh Shafaat
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, 205 06, Malmö, Sweden; Biofilms - Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, 205 06, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Dainius Jakubauskas
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, 205 06, Malmö, Sweden; Biofilms - Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, 205 06, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jessica Neilands
- Section for Oral Biology and Pathology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, 205 06, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Wanida Laiwattanapaisal
- Centre of Excellence for Biosensors and Bioengineering (CEBB), Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Patumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Tautgirdas Ruzgas
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, 205 06, Malmö, Sweden; Biofilms - Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, 205 06, Malmö, Sweden
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Kar A, Mukherjee SK, Barik S, Hossain ST. Antimicrobial Activity of Trigonelline Hydrochloride Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Its Quorum-Sensing Regulated Molecular Mechanisms on Biofilm Formation and Virulence. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:746-762. [PMID: 38232080 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a vivid biofilm-producing bacterium, is considered a dreadful opportunistic pathogen, and thus, management of biofilm-associated infections due to multidrug resistant strains by traditional drugs currently is of great concern. This study was aimed to assess the impact of trigonelline hydrochloride, a pyridine alkaloid, on P. aeruginosa PAO1, in search of an alternative therapeutant. The effect of trigonelline on colony morphology and motility was studied along with its role on biofilm and expression virulence factors. Trigonelline influenced the colony structure, motility, biofilm architecture, and the production of virulence factors in a dose-dependent manner. Alterations in quorum sending (QS)-regulated gene expression after treatment and molecular docking analysis for certain regulator proteins confirmed its effect on the QS-system network by affecting Las, Rhl, and Pqs signaling pathways and as possible molecular targets. Thus, trigonelline might be considered as a potential chemical lead to manage biofilm-associated pathogenesis or to develop other analogues with enhanced pharmacokinetic actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amiya Kar
- Department of Microbiology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, India
| | | | - Subhasis Barik
- Department of In Vitro Carcinogenesis and Cellular Chemotherapy, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal 700026, India
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Miescher I, Rieber J, Schweizer TA, Orlietti M, Tarnutzer A, Andreoni F, Meier Buergisser G, Giovanoli P, Calcagni M, Snedeker JG, Zinkernagel AS, Buschmann J. In Vitro Assessment of Bacterial Adhesion and Biofilm Formation on Novel Bioactive, Biodegradable Electrospun Fiber Meshes Intended to Support Tendon Rupture Repair. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:6348-6355. [PMID: 38288645 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c15710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The surgical repair of a ruptured tendon faces two major problems: specifically increased fibrous adhesion to the surrounding tissue and inferior mechanical properties of the scar tissue compared to the native tissue. Bacterial attachment to implant materials is an additional problem as it might lead to severe infections and impaired recovery. To counteract adhesion formation, two novel implant materials were fabricated by electrospinning, namely, a random fiber mesh containing hyaluronic acid (HA) and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) in a ratio of 1:1 (HA/PEO 1:1) and 1:4 (HA/PEO 1:4), respectively. Electrospun DegraPol (DP) treated with silver nanoparticles (DP-Ag) was developed to counteract the bacterial attachment. The three novel materials were compared to the previously described DP and DP with incorporated insulin-like growth factor-1 (DP-IGF-1), two implant materials that were also designed to improve tendon repair. To test whether the materials are prone to bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation, we assessed 10 strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterococcus faecalis, known for causing nosocomial infections. Fiber diameter, pore size, and water contact angle, reflecting different degrees of hydrophobicity, were used to characterize all materials. Generally, we observed higher biofilm formation on the more hydrophobic DP as compared to the more hydrophilic DP-IGF-1 and a trend toward reduced biofilm formation for DP treated with silver nanoparticles. For the two HA/PEO implants, a similar biofilm formation was observed. All tested materials were highly prone to bacterial adherence and biofilm formation, pointing toward the need of further material development, including the optimized incorporation of antibacterial agents such as silver nanoparticles or antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Miescher
- Division of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Sternwartstrasse 14, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Julia Rieber
- Division of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Sternwartstrasse 14, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tiziano A Schweizer
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mariano Orlietti
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Tarnutzer
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Federica Andreoni
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gabriella Meier Buergisser
- Division of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Sternwartstrasse 14, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pietro Giovanoli
- Division of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Sternwartstrasse 14, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maurizio Calcagni
- Division of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Sternwartstrasse 14, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jess G Snedeker
- Laboratory for Orthopedic Biomechanics, Department of Orthopedics, University of Zurich, Lengghalde 5, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Annelies S Zinkernagel
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Johanna Buschmann
- Division of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Sternwartstrasse 14, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
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Mihai MM, Popa MI, Holban AM, Gheorghe-Barbu I, Popa LG, Chifiriuc MC, Giurcăneanu C, Bleotu C, Cucu CI, Lazăr V. Clinical and microbiological features of host-bacterial interplay in chronic venous ulcers versus other types of chronic skin ulcers. Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1326904. [PMID: 38375067 PMCID: PMC10875999 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1326904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chronic venous ulcers of the lower limbs develop in the context of advanced venous disease and have a significant impact on the patient's quality of life, being associated with depression and worrisome suicide rates, as well as with an economic burden caused by increased medical care costs and high epidemiological risks of healthcare associated infections and emergence of strains resistant to multiple classes of antibiotics and/ or antiseptics. Although numerous studies have investigated the composition of the chronic wounds microbiome, either by culture-dependent or independent methods, there are no data on the association between virulence and resistance profiles of strains isolated from venous ulcers and the clinical picture of this pathology. The elucidation of pathogenic mechanisms, at both phenotypic and molecular level, is crucial in the fight against these important human microbial agents, in order to develop novel biomarkers and discover new therapeutic targets. Methods In this study we aimed to characterize the phenotypic virulence profiles (including the ability to develop biofilms) of microorganisms isolated from chronic skin wounds and to correlate them with the clinical symptomatology. Considering the high incidence of Staphylococcus aureus infections in chronic ulcers, but also the ability of this species to develop multi-drug resistance, we performed an more in-depth study of the phenotypic and genotypic virulence profiles of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus. Results The study revealed important differences regarding the clinical evolution and virulence profiles of microorganisms isolated from lower limb wounds, as well as between patients diagnosed with chronic venous ulcers and those with lesions of different etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Mădălina Mihai
- Department of Oncologic Dermatology–“Elias” University Emergency Hospital, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Botany-Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mircea Ioan Popa
- Department of Microbiology—“Cantacuzino” Institute, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alina Maria Holban
- Department of Botany-Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Irina Gheorghe-Barbu
- Department of Botany-Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Liliana Gabriela Popa
- Department of Oncologic Dermatology–“Elias” University Emergency Hospital, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mariana-Carmen Chifiriuc
- Department of Botany-Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Călin Giurcăneanu
- Department of Oncologic Dermatology–“Elias” University Emergency Hospital, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Coralia Bleotu
- Department of Botany-Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Cellular and Molecular Department, “Ştefan S. Nicolau” Institute of Virology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Corina Ioana Cucu
- Department of Oncologic Dermatology–“Elias” University Emergency Hospital, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Veronica Lazăr
- Department of Botany-Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
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Yang N, Sun M, Wang H, Hu D, Zhang A, Khan S, Chen Z, Chen D, Xie S. Progress of stimulus responsive nanosystems for targeting treatment of bacterial infectious diseases. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 324:103078. [PMID: 38215562 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
In recent decades, due to insufficient concentration at the lesion site, low bioavailability and increasingly serious resistance, antibiotics have become less and less dominant in the treatment of bacterial infectious diseases. It promotes the development of efficient drug delivery systems, and is expected to achieve high absorption, targeted drug release and satisfactory therapy effects. A variety of endogenous stimulation-responsive nanosystems have been constructed by using special infection microenvironments (pH, enzymes, temperature, etc.). In this review, we firstly provide an extensive review of the current research progress in antibiotic treatment dilemmas and drug delivery systems. Then, the mechanism of microenvironment characteristics of bacterial infected lesions was elucidated to provide a strong theoretical basis for bacteria-targeting nanosystems design. In particular, the discussion focuses on the design principles of single-stimulus and dual-stimulus responsive nanosystems, as well as the use of endogenous stimulus-responsive nanosystems to deliver antimicrobial agents to target locations for combating bacterial infectious diseases. Finally, the challenges and prospects of endogenous stimulus-responsive nanosystems were summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niuniu Yang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health,Huazhong Agricultural University, Shenzhen, China; Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mengyuan Sun
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Huixin Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Danlei Hu
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Aoxue Zhang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Suliman Khan
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Dongmei Chen
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Shuyu Xie
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health,Huazhong Agricultural University, Shenzhen, China; Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
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89
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Ahmad MZ, Saeed AM, Elnoubi OAE, Alasiri AS, Abdel-Wahab BA, Alqahtani AA, Pathak K, Saikia R, Kakoti BB, Das A. Chitosan-based topical formulation integrated with green-synthesized silver nanoparticles utilizing Camellia sinensis leaf extracts: A promising approach for managing infected wounds. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128573. [PMID: 38052290 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
This study explores the eco-friendly biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) utilizing Camellia sinensis leaf extract. We assess their antioxidant and antibacterial properties. Furthermore, we impregnated AgNPs into 2 % chitosan (CHS) gel and assessed their wound-healing potential in Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus infected wounds. Optimized AgNPs demonstrated a mean particle size of 36.90 ± 1.22 nm and a PDI of 0.049 ± 0.001. Green-synthesized AgNPs exhibited enhanced free radical inhibition (IC50: 31.45 μg/mL, 34.01 μg/mL, 27.40 μg/mL) compared to leaf extract (IC50: 52.67 μg/mL, 59.64 μg/mL, 97.50 μg/mL) in DPPH, hydrogen peroxide, and nitric oxide free radical scavenging assays, respectively. The MIC/MBC values of AgNPs against E. coli and S. aureus were 5 ppm/ 7.5 ppm and 10 ppm/ 15 ppm, respectively. Furthermore, our study showed that green-synthesized AgNPs at MIC significantly reduced the biofilm production of E. coli (70.37 %) and S. aureus (67.40 %). The CHS/AgNPs gel exhibited potent wound healing activities, comparable to a commercial cream with the re-epithelialization period of 8.16 ± 0.75. Histological analysis demonstrated enhanced skin regeneration with a thicker epidermal layer, well-defined papillary dermal structure, and organized collagen fibers. In summary, these findings hold promise for addressing bacterial infections, particularly those associated with biofilms-related wound infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Zaki Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, P.O. Box 1988, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | - Osman A E Elnoubi
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, P.O. Box 1988, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali S Alasiri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, P.O. Box 1988, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basel A Abdel-Wahab
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, P.O. Box 1988, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulsalam A Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, P.O. Box 1988, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kalyani Pathak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam 786004, India
| | - Riya Saikia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam 786004, India
| | - Bibhuti Bhusan Kakoti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam 786004, India
| | - Aparoop Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam 786004, India
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90
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Ambreetha S, Zincke D, Balachandar D, Mathee K. Genomic and metabolic versatility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa contributes to its inter-kingdom transmission and survival. J Med Microbiol 2024; 73. [PMID: 38362900 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most versatile bacteria with renowned pathogenicity and extensive drug resistance. The diverse habitats of this bacterium include fresh, saline and drainage waters, soil, moist surfaces, taps, showerheads, pipelines, medical implants, nematodes, insects, plants, animals, birds and humans. The arsenal of virulence factors produced by P. aeruginosa includes pyocyanin, rhamnolipids, siderophores, lytic enzymes, toxins and polysaccharides. All these virulent elements coupled with intrinsic, adaptive and acquired antibiotic resistance facilitate persistent colonization and lethal infections in different hosts. To date, treating pulmonary diseases remains complicated due to the chronic secondary infections triggered by hospital-acquired P. aeruginosa. On the contrary, this bacterium can improve plant growth by suppressing phytopathogens and insects. Notably, P. aeruginosa is one of the very few bacteria capable of trans-kingdom transmission and infection. Transfer of P. aeruginosa strains from plant materials to hospital wards, animals to humans, and humans to their pets occurs relatively often. Recently, we have identified that plant-associated P. aeruginosa strains could be pathologically similar to clinical isolates. In this review, we have highlighted the genomic and metabolic factors that facilitate the dominance of P. aeruginosa across different biological kingdoms and the varying roles of this bacterium in plant and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakthivel Ambreetha
- Developmental Biology and Genetics, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560012, India
| | - Diansy Zincke
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Dananjeyan Balachandar
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kalai Mathee
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
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91
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Gunathilaka GADKK, Dewasmika WAPM, Sandaruwan UM, Neelawala NGDAK, Madhumali GED, Dissanayake BN, Priyantha MAR, Prasada DVP, Dissanayake DRA. Biofilm-forming ability, antibiotic resistance and phylogeny of Escherichia coli isolated from extra intestinal infections of humans, dogs, and chickens. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 105:102123. [PMID: 38217950 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2023.102123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Escherichia coli (E. coli) causes various infections in humans and animals. The biofilm-forming ability of E. coli has increased antimicrobial resistance and capacity to cause recurrent and chronic infections. This study determined the biofilm-forming ability of E. coli isolated from extraintestinal infections of humans, chickens, and dogs in relation to the phylogroup, type of infection, and antibiotic resistance. Isolates from chickens showed significantly higher biofilm-forming ability compared to those causing urinary tract infections in humans (p = 0.0001). Further, isolates belonging to phylogroup B1 displayed a higher likelihood to form biofilms. Resistance to ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was positively correlated with biofilm-forming ability. Harbouring plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance gene, qnrS was also positively correlated with biofilm formation. This study provides insight into factors such as phylogroup and the type of infections that could enhance biofilm formation, as well as genotypic and phenotypic antibiotic resistance that could correlate with the ability to form biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A D K K Gunathilaka
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - W A P M Dewasmika
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - U M Sandaruwan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - N G D A K Neelawala
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - G E D Madhumali
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - B N Dissanayake
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | | | - D V P Prasada
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - D R A Dissanayake
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.
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92
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Little JI, Singh PK, Zhao J, Dunn S, Matz H, Donnenberg MS. Type IV pili of Enterobacteriaceae species. EcoSal Plus 2024:eesp00032023. [PMID: 38294234 DOI: 10.1128/ecosalplus.esp-0003-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Type IV pili (T4Ps) are surface filaments widely distributed among bacteria and archaea. T4Ps are involved in many cellular functions and contribute to virulence in some species of bacteria. Due to the diversity of T4Ps, different properties have been observed for homologous proteins that make up T4Ps in various organisms. In this review, we highlight the essential components of T4Ps, their functions, and similarities to related systems. We emphasize the unique T4Ps of enteric pathogens within the Enterobacteriaceae family, which includes pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli and Salmonella. These include the bundle-forming pilus (BFP) of enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), longus (Lng) and colonization factor III (CFA/III) of enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), T4P of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, Colonization Factor Citrobacter (CFC) of Citrobacter rodentium, T4P of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, a ubiquitous T4P that was characterized in enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), and the R64 plasmid thin pilus. Finally, we highlight areas for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janay I Little
- School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Pradip K Singh
- School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Jinlei Zhao
- School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Shakeera Dunn
- Internal Medicine Residency, Bayhealth Medical Center, Dover, Delaware, USA
| | - Hanover Matz
- Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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93
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Dietrich M, Besser M, Stuermer EK. Characterization of the Human Plasma Biofilm Model (hpBIOM) to Identify Potential Therapeutic Targets for Wound Management of Chronic Infections. Microorganisms 2024; 12:269. [PMID: 38399673 PMCID: PMC10892339 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12020269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The treatment of chronic wounds still represents a major challenge in wound management. Recent estimates suggest that 60-80% of chronic wounds are colonized by pathogenic microorganisms, which are strongly considered to have a major inhibiting influence on the healing process. By means of an innovative biofilm model based on human plasma, the time-dependent behavior of various bacterial strains under wound-milieu-like conditions were investigated, and the growth habits of different cocci species were compared. Undescribed fusion events between colonies of MRSA as well as of Staphylococcus epidermidis were detected, which were associated with the remodeling and reorganization of the glycocalyx of the wound tissue. After reaching a maximum colony size, the spreading of individual bacteria was observed. Interestingly, the combination of different cocci species with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the human plasma biofilm revealed partial synergistic effects in these multispecies organizations. RT-qPCR analyses gave a first impression of the relevant proteins involved in the formation and maturation of biofilms, especially the role of fibrinogen-binding proteins. Knowledge of the maturation and growth behavior of persistent biofilms investigated in a translational human biofilm model reflects a starting point for the development of novel tools for the treatment of chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Dietrich
- Institute of Virology and Microbiology, Centre for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, 58455 Witten, Germany
| | - Manuela Besser
- Institute of Virology and Microbiology, Centre for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, 58455 Witten, Germany
| | - Ewa Klara Stuermer
- Department of Vascular Medicine, University Heart and Vascular Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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94
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Drago L, Fidanza A, Giannetti A, Ciuffoletti A, Logroscino G, Romanò CL. Bacteria Living in Biofilms in Fluids: Could Chemical Antibiofilm Pretreatment of Culture Represent a Paradigm Shift in Diagnostics? Microorganisms 2024; 12:259. [PMID: 38399663 PMCID: PMC10892178 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12020259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are multicellular aggregates of bacteria immersed in an extracellular matrix that forms on various surfaces, including biological tissues and artificial surfaces. However, more and more reports point out the fact that even biological fluids and semifluid, such as synovial liquid, blood, urine, or mucus and feces, harbor "non-attached" biofilm aggregates of bacteria, which represent a significant phenomenon with critical clinical implications that remain to be fully investigated. In particular, biofilm aggregates in biological fluid samples have been shown to play a relevant role in bacterial count and in the overall accuracy of microbiological diagnosis. In line with these observations, the introduction in the clinical setting of fluid sample pretreatment with an antibiofilm chemical compound called dithiothreitol (DTT), which is able to dislodge microorganisms from their intercellular matrix without killing them, would effectively improve the microbiological yield and increase the sensitivity of cultural examination, compared to the current microbiological techniques. While other ongoing research continues to unveil the complexity of biofilm formation in biological fluids and its impact on infection pathogenesis and diagnosis, we here hypothesize that the routine use of a chemical antibiofilm pretreatment of fluid and semi-solid samples may lead to a paradigm shift in the microbiological approach to the diagnosis of biofilm-related infections and should be further investigated and eventually implemented in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Drago
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
- UOC Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, MultiLab Department, IRCCS Multimedica, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Fidanza
- Mininvasive Orthopaedic Surgery—Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (A.F.); (G.L.)
- Unit of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, “SS Filippo e Nicola” Hospital, 67051 Avezzano, Italy
| | - Alessio Giannetti
- Unit of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, “G. Mazzini” Hospital, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (A.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Alessio Ciuffoletti
- Unit of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, “G. Mazzini” Hospital, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (A.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Giandomenico Logroscino
- Mininvasive Orthopaedic Surgery—Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (A.F.); (G.L.)
| | - Carlo Luca Romanò
- Romano Institute, Rruga Deshmoret e 4 Shkurtit, 1001 Tirana, Albania;
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95
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Gordon M, Ramirez P. Efficacy and Experience of Bacteriophages in Biofilm-Related Infections. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:125. [PMID: 38391511 PMCID: PMC10886175 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13020125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infection has always accompanied human beings, causing suffering and death while also contributing to the advancement of medical science. However, the treatment of infections has become more complex in recent times. The increasing resistance of bacterial strains to antibiotics has diminished the effectiveness of the therapeutic arsenal, making it less likely to find the appropriate empiric antibiotic option. Additionally, the development and persistence of bacterial biofilms have become more prevalent, attributed to the greater use of invasive devices that facilitate biofilm formation and the enhanced survival of chronic infection models where biofilm plays a crucial role. Bacteria within biofilms are less susceptible to antibiotics due to physical, chemical, and genetic factors. Bacteriophages, as biological weapons, can overcome both antimicrobial resistance and biofilm protection. In this review, we will analyze the scientific progress achieved in vitro to justify their clinical application. In the absence of scientific evidence, we will compile publications of clinical cases where phages have been used to treat infections related to biofilm. The scientific basis obtained in vitro and the success rate and safety observed in clinical practice should motivate the medical community to conduct clinical trials establishing a protocol for the proper use of bacteriophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Gordon
- Critical Care Department, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico la Fe, Av. Vicente Abril Martorell 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Paula Ramirez
- Critical Care Department, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico la Fe, Av. Vicente Abril Martorell 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain
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96
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Damyanova T, Dimitrova PD, Borisova D, Topouzova-Hristova T, Haladjova E, Paunova-Krasteva T. An Overview of Biofilm-Associated Infections and the Role of Phytochemicals and Nanomaterials in Their Control and Prevention. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:162. [PMID: 38399223 PMCID: PMC10892570 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16020162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Biofilm formation is considered one of the primary virulence mechanisms in Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogenic species, particularly those responsible for chronic infections and promoting bacterial survival within the host. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in discovering new compounds capable of inhibiting biofilm formation. This is considered a promising antivirulence strategy that could potentially overcome antibiotic resistance issues. Effective antibiofilm agents should possess distinctive properties. They should be structurally unique, enable easy entry into cells, influence quorum sensing signaling, and synergize with other antibacterial agents. Many of these properties are found in both natural systems that are isolated from plants and in synthetic systems like nanoparticles and nanocomposites. In this review, we discuss the clinical nature of biofilm-associated infections and some of the mechanisms associated with their antibiotic tolerance. We focus on the advantages and efficacy of various natural and synthetic compounds as a new therapeutic approach to control bacterial biofilms and address multidrug resistance in bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsvetozara Damyanova
- Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Akad. G. Bonchev St. bl. 26, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (T.D.); (P.D.D.); (D.B.)
| | - Petya D. Dimitrova
- Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Akad. G. Bonchev St. bl. 26, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (T.D.); (P.D.D.); (D.B.)
| | - Dayana Borisova
- Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Akad. G. Bonchev St. bl. 26, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (T.D.); (P.D.D.); (D.B.)
| | - Tanya Topouzova-Hristova
- Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St. K. Ohridski”, 8 D. Tsankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Emi Haladjova
- Institute of Polymers, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Akad. G. Bonchev St. bl. 103-A, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Tsvetelina Paunova-Krasteva
- Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Akad. G. Bonchev St. bl. 26, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (T.D.); (P.D.D.); (D.B.)
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97
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Hamed AA, Ghareeb MA, Kelany AK, Abdelraof M, Kabary HA, Soliman NR, Elawady ME. Induction of antimicrobial, antioxidant metabolites production by co-cultivation of two red-sea-sponge-associated Aspergillus sp. CO2 and Bacillus sp. COBZ21. BMC Biotechnol 2024; 24:3. [PMID: 38233817 PMCID: PMC10795289 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-024-00830-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The growing spread of infectious diseases has become a potential global health threat to human beings. According to WHO reports, in this study, we investigated the impact of co-cultivating the isolated endophytic fungus Aspergillus sp. CO2 and Bacillus sp. COBZ21 as a method to stimulate the production of natural bioactive substances. (GC/MS)-based metabolomics profiling of two sponge-associated microbes, Aspergillus sp. CO2 and Bacillus sp. COBZ21, revealed that the co-culture of these two isolates induced the accumulation of metabolites that were not traced in their axenic cultures. By detection of different activities of extracts of Bacillus sp. COBZ21 and Aspergillus sp. CO2 and coculture between Bacillus sp. COBZ21 and Aspergillus sp. CO2. It was noted that the coculture strategy was the reason for a notable increase in some different activities, such as the antimicrobial activity, which showed potent activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 25,922, Staphylococcus aureus NRRLB-767, and Candida albicans ATCC 10,231. The antibiofilm activity showed significant biofilm inhibitory activity toward Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 10,145, and Staph aureus NRRLB-767, with activity up to 53.66, 71.17, and 47.89%, while it showed low activity against E. coli ATCC 25,922, while the antioxidant activity based on the DPPH assay showed maximum activity (75.25%). GC-MS investigations revealed the presence of variable chemical constituents belonging to different chemical categories, which reflected their chemical diversity. The main components are (+-) cis-Deethylburnamine (2.66%), Bis(3,6,9,12-tetraoxapentaethylene) crowno-N,N,N',N'-tetra methylpphanediamine (2.48%), and 11-phenyl-2,4,6,8-tetra(2-thienyl)-11-aza-5,13-dithiaeteracyclo[7.3.0.1(2,8)0.0(3,7)] trideca-3,6-diene-10,12,13-trione (3.13%), respectively, for Bacillus sp. axenic culture, Aspergillus sp. CO2, Aspergillus sp. CO2, and Bacillus sp. COBZ21 coculture. By studying the ADME-related physicochemical properties of coculture extract, the compound showed log Po/w values above 5 (8.82). The solubility of the substance was moderate. In order to provide a comprehensive definition of medicinal chemistry and leadlikness, it is important to note that the latter did not meet the criteria outlined in the rule of three (RO3). The toxicity prediction of the coculture extract was performed using the ProTox II web server, which showed that the selected compound has no pronounced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Hamed
- Microbial Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, 12622, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mosad A Ghareeb
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Kornaish El-Nile, 12411, Warrak El-Hadar, Imbaba, Giza, (P.O. 30), Egypt.
| | - Ayda K Kelany
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdelraof
- Microbial Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, 12622, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hoda A Kabary
- Department Agricultural Microbiology, National Research Center, 33 El Buhouth St., Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nariman R Soliman
- Dairy Science Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E Elawady
- Microbial Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Institute National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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98
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Batantou Mabandza D, Colletin E, Dagot C, Quétel I, Breurec S, Guyomard-Rabenirina S. Do Microorganisms in Bathing Water in Guadeloupe (French West Indies) Have Resistance Genes? Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:87. [PMID: 38247646 PMCID: PMC10812525 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13010087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Waterborne faecal contamination is a major public health concern. The main objectives of this study were to investigate faecal contamination and Escherichia coli (E. coli) antibiotic resistance in recreational fresh water from Guadeloupe and to characterise the microbiome and resistome composition in biofilms from submerged rocks. Significant faecal contamination was observed at 14 freshwater sites. E. coli predominated (62%), followed by Enterobacter cloacae (11%) and Acinetobacter spp. (11%). Of 152 E. coli isolated, none produced extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs), but 7% showed resistance to streptomycin and 4% to tetracycline. Biofilm resistome analysis revealed clinically significant antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs), including those coding for resistance to sulfonamides (sul1), carbapenems (blaKPC), and third-generation cephalosporins (blaCTX-M). Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) (intI1, intI2, intI3) linked to resistance to aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, tetracycline, as well as heavy metal resistance determinants (copA, cusF, czcA, merA) conferring resistance to copper, silver, cadmium, and mercury were also detected. Diverse bacterial phyla were found in biofilm samples, of which Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Planctonomycetes, and Cyanobacteria were predominant. Despite the frequent presence of E. coli exceeding regulatory standards, the low levels of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in freshwater and of ARGs and MGEs in associated biofilms suggest limited antibiotic resistance in Guadeloupean recreational waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Degrâce Batantou Mabandza
- Transmission, Reservoir and Diversity of Pathogens Unit, Pasteur Institute of Guadeloupe, 97110 Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - Edlyne Colletin
- Transmission, Reservoir and Diversity of Pathogens Unit, Pasteur Institute of Guadeloupe, 97110 Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - Christophe Dagot
- University of Limoges, INSERM, CHU Limoges, RESINFIT, U1092, 87000 Limoges, France
| | - Isaure Quétel
- Transmission, Reservoir and Diversity of Pathogens Unit, Pasteur Institute of Guadeloupe, 97110 Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - Sébastien Breurec
- Transmission, Reservoir and Diversity of Pathogens Unit, Pasteur Institute of Guadeloupe, 97110 Pointe-à-Pitre, France
- Faculty of Medicine Hyacinthe Bastaraud, University of the Antilles, 97110 Pointe-à-Pitre, France
- INSERM, Centre for Clinical Investigation 1424, 97110 Pointe-à-Pitre, France
- Department of Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections, University of Montpellier, INSERM, 34394 Montpellier, France
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital Centre of Guadeloupe, 971110 Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - Stéphanie Guyomard-Rabenirina
- Transmission, Reservoir and Diversity of Pathogens Unit, Pasteur Institute of Guadeloupe, 97110 Pointe-à-Pitre, France
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99
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Bhattacharya M, Horswill AR. The role of human extracellular matrix proteins in defining Staphylococcus aureus biofilm infections. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2024; 48:fuae002. [PMID: 38337187 PMCID: PMC10873506 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuae002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Twenty to forty one percent of the world's population is either transiently or permanently colonized by the Gram-positive bacterium, Staphylococcus aureus. In 2017, the CDC designated methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) as a serious threat, reporting ∼300 000 cases of MRSA-associated hospitalizations annually, resulting in over 19 000 deaths, surpassing that of HIV in the USA. S. aureus is a proficient biofilm-forming organism that rapidly acquires resistance to antibiotics, most commonly methicillin (MRSA). This review focuses on a large group of (>30) S. aureus adhesins, either surface-associated or secreted that are designed to specifically bind to 15 or more of the proteins that form key components of the human extracellular matrix (hECM). Importantly, this includes hECM proteins that are pivotal to the homeostasis of almost every tissue environment [collagen (skin), proteoglycans (lung), hemoglobin (blood), elastin, laminin, fibrinogen, fibronectin, and fibrin (multiple organs)]. These adhesins offer S. aureus the potential to establish an infection in every sterile tissue niche. These infections often endure repeated immune onslaught, developing into chronic, biofilm-associated conditions that are tolerant to ∼1000 times the clinically prescribed dose of antibiotics. Depending on the infection and the immune response, this allows S. aureus to seamlessly transition from colonizer to pathogen by subtly manipulating the host against itself while providing the time and stealth that it requires to establish and persist as a biofilm. This is a comprehensive discussion of the interaction between S. aureus biofilms and the hECM. We provide particular focus on the role of these interactions in pathogenesis and, consequently, the clinical implications for the prevention and treatment of S. aureus biofilm infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohini Bhattacharya
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Alexander R Horswill
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
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100
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Lozano-Iturbe V, Blanco-Agudín N, Vázquez-Espinosa E, Fernández-Vega I, Merayo-Lloves J, Vazquez F, Girón RM, Quirós LM. The Binding of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to Cystic Fibrosis Bronchial Epithelial Model Cells Alters the Composition of the Exosomes They Produce Compared to Healthy Control Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:895. [PMID: 38255969 PMCID: PMC10815301 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease that causes dehydration of the surface of the airways, increasing lung infections, most frequently caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Exosomes are nanovesicles released by cells that play an essential role in intercellular communication, although their role during bacterial infections is not well understood. In this article, we analyze the alterations in exosomes produced by healthy bronchial epithelial and cystic fibrosis cell lines caused by the interaction with P. aeruginosa. The proteomic study detected alterations in 30% of the species analyzed. In healthy cells, they mainly involve proteins related to the extracellular matrix, cytoskeleton, and various catabolic enzymes. In CF, proteins related to the cytoskeleton and matrix, in addition to the proteasome. These differences could be related to the inflammatory response. A study of miRNAs detected alterations in 18% of the species analyzed. The prediction of their potential biological targets identified 7149 genes, regulated by up to 7 different miRNAs. The identification of their functions showed that they preferentially affected molecules involved in binding and catalytic activities, although with differences between cell types. In conclusion, this study shows differences in exosomes between CF and healthy cells that could be involved in the response to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Lozano-Iturbe
- Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (V.L.-I.); (N.B.-A.); (F.V.)
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, University of Oviedo, 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (I.F.-V.); (J.M.-L.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Noelia Blanco-Agudín
- Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (V.L.-I.); (N.B.-A.); (F.V.)
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, University of Oviedo, 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (I.F.-V.); (J.M.-L.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Emma Vázquez-Espinosa
- Pneumology Service, Institute for Health Research (IP), Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Iván Fernández-Vega
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, University of Oviedo, 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (I.F.-V.); (J.M.-L.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Jesús Merayo-Lloves
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, University of Oviedo, 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (I.F.-V.); (J.M.-L.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Fernando Vazquez
- Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (V.L.-I.); (N.B.-A.); (F.V.)
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, University of Oviedo, 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (I.F.-V.); (J.M.-L.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Rosa M. Girón
- Pneumology Service, Institute for Health Research (IP), Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Luis M. Quirós
- Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (V.L.-I.); (N.B.-A.); (F.V.)
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, University of Oviedo, 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (I.F.-V.); (J.M.-L.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
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