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Okuno K, Awasthi SP, Kopprio GA, Iguchi A, Hatanaka N, Hinenoya A, Lara RJ, Yamasaki S. Prevalence, O-genotype and Shiga toxin (Stx) 2 subtype of Stx-producing Escherichia coli strains isolated from Argentinean beef cattle. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:630-636. [PMID: 33612661 PMCID: PMC8111337 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of this study were to investigate prevalence, O-genotype, and virulence gene profile including Shiga toxin (Stx) 2 gene-subtype of Stx-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in beef cattle from the Bahía Blanca in Argentina. Rectal swabs were collected from 283 beef cattle in 2012. stx genes were detected in 90 (32%) out of the 283 rectal swabs by stx gene-specific PCR assay. The positive cases were 13 with stx1, 58 with stx2, and 19 with both stx1 and stx2. Among 90 stx gene-positive samples, 45 STEC strains were isolated, which included 3 stx1, 34 stx2, and eight stx1 and stx2 genes positive isolates. O-genotyping grouped 45 STEC strains into 19 different O-genotypes such as Og8, Og145, Og171, Og185 (4 from each), Og22, Og153, Og157 (3 from each) and others. Various stx2 gene-subtypes were identified in 42 STEC strains: 13 positive cases for stx2a, 11 for stx2c, 3 for stx2g, 10 for stx2a and stx2d, 4 for stx2a and stx2c, and 1 for stx2b, stx2c and stx2g. efaI gene, generally prevalent in clinical strains, was detected in relatively high in the STEC strains. These data suggest that stx2a and stx2c were distributed not only in O145 and O157 but also in minor O-genotypes of STEC in Argentina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Okuno
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58, Rinkuourai-kita, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Sharda Prasad Awasthi
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58, Rinkuourai-kita, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan.,Asian Health Science Research Institute, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58, Rinkuourai-kita, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Germán A Kopprio
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 301, 12587, Berlin, Germany
| | - Atsushi Iguchi
- Department of Animal and Grassland Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1, Gakuen Kibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Noritoshi Hatanaka
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58, Rinkuourai-kita, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan.,Asian Health Science Research Institute, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58, Rinkuourai-kita, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hinenoya
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58, Rinkuourai-kita, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan.,Asian Health Science Research Institute, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58, Rinkuourai-kita, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Rubén José Lara
- National Council for Scientific and Technical Research, The Argentine Institute of Oceanography, Florida 4750, Complejo CONICET-Bahia Blanca Edificio E1, B8000FWB, Bahia Blanca, Argentina
| | - Shinji Yamasaki
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58, Rinkuourai-kita, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan.,Asian Health Science Research Institute, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58, Rinkuourai-kita, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
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52
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Distribution of Novel Og Types in Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Healthy Cattle. J Clin Microbiol 2021; 59:JCM.02624-20. [PMID: 33328174 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.02624-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is an important foodborne pathogen. Although most cases of STEC infection in humans are due to O157 and non-O157 serogroups, there are also reports of infection with STEC strains that cannot be serologically classified into any O serogroup (O-serogroup untypeable [OUT]). Recently, it has become clear that even OUT strains can be subclassified based on the diversity of O-antigen biosynthesis gene cluster (O-AGC) sequences. Cattle are thought to be a major reservoir of STEC strains belonging to various serotypes; however, the internal composition of OUT STEC strains in cattle remains unknown. In this study, we screened 366 STEC strains isolated from healthy cattle by using multiplex PCR kits including primers that targeted novel O-AGC types (Og types) found in OUT E. coli and Shigella strains in previous studies. Interestingly, 94 (25.7%) of these strains could be classified into 13 novel Og types. Genomic analysis revealed that the results of the in silico serotyping of novel Og-type strains were perfectly consistent with those of the PCR experiment. In addition, it was revealed that a dual Og8+OgSB17-type strain carried two types of O-AGCs from E. coli O8 and Shigella boydii type 17 tandemly inserted at the locus, with both antigens expressed on the cell surface. The results of this comprehensive analysis of cattle-derived STEC strains may help improve our understanding of the strains circulating in the environment. Additionally, the DNA-based serotyping systems used in this study could be used in future epidemiological studies and risk assessments of other STEC strains.
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53
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Elder JR, Fratamico PM, Liu Y, Needleman DS, Bagi L, Tebbs R, Allred A, Siddavatam P, Suren H, Gujjula KR, DebRoy C, Dudley EG, Yan X. A Targeted Sequencing Assay for Serotyping Escherichia coli Using AgriSeq Technology. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:627997. [PMID: 33519788 PMCID: PMC7844058 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.627997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The gold standard method for serotyping Escherichia coli has relied on antisera-based typing of the O- and H-antigens, which is labor intensive and often unreliable. In the post-genomic era, sequence-based assays are potentially faster to provide results, could combine O-serogrouping and H-typing in a single test, and could simultaneously screen for the presence of other genetic markers of interest such as virulence factors. Whole genome sequencing is one approach; however, this method has limited multiplexing capabilities, and only a small fraction of the sequence is informative for subtyping or identifying virulence potential. A targeted, sequence-based assay and accompanying software for data analysis would be a great improvement over the currently available methods for serotyping. The purpose of this study was to develop a high-throughput, molecular method for serotyping E. coli by sequencing the genes that are required for production of O- and H-antigens, as well as to develop software for data analysis and serotype identification. To expand the utility of the assay, targets for the virulence factors, Shiga toxins (stx1, and stx2) and intimin (eae) were included. To validate the assay, genomic DNA was extracted from O-serogroup and H-type standard strains and from Shiga toxin-producing E. coli, the targeted regions were amplified, and then sequencing libraries were prepared from the amplified products followed by sequencing of the libraries on the Ion S5™ sequencer. The resulting sequence files were analyzed via the SeroType Caller™ software for identification of O-serogroup, H-type, and presence of stx1, stx2, and eae. We successfully identified 169 O-serogroups and 41 H-types. The assay also routinely detected the presence of stx1a,c,d (3 of 3 strains), stx2c−e,g (8 of 8 strains), stx2f (1 strain), and eae (6 of 6 strains). Taken together, the high-throughput, sequence-based method presented here is a reliable alternative to antisera-based serotyping methods for E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob R Elder
- U. S. Department of Agriculture, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, Wyndmoor, PA, United States
| | - Pina M Fratamico
- U. S. Department of Agriculture, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, Wyndmoor, PA, United States
| | - Yanhong Liu
- U. S. Department of Agriculture, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, Wyndmoor, PA, United States
| | - David S Needleman
- U. S. Department of Agriculture, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, Wyndmoor, PA, United States
| | - Lori Bagi
- U. S. Department of Agriculture, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, Wyndmoor, PA, United States
| | - Robert Tebbs
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Genetic Sciences Division, Austin, TX, United States
| | | | - Prasad Siddavatam
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Genetic Sciences Division, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Haktan Suren
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Genetic Sciences Division, Austin, TX, United States
| | | | - Chitrita DebRoy
- E. coli Reference Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Edward G Dudley
- E. coli Reference Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Xianghe Yan
- U. S. Department of Agriculture, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, Wyndmoor, PA, United States
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54
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Yoon S, Lee YJ. Molecular characteristics of Escherichia coli from bulk tank milk in Korea. J Vet Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2021.22.e85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sunghyun Yoon
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Young Ju Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Zoonoses Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
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Remfry SE, Amachawadi RG, Shi X, Bai J, Tokach MD, Dritz SS, Goodband RD, Derouchey JM, Woodworth JC, Nagaraja TG. Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli in Feces of Finisher Pigs: Isolation, Identification, and Public Health Implications of Major and Minor Serogroups†. J Food Prot 2021; 84:169-180. [PMID: 33411931 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-20-329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are major foodborne human pathogens that cause mild to hemorrhagic colitis, which could lead to complications of hemolytic uremic syndrome. Seven serogroups, O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, O145, and O157, account for the majority of the STEC illnesses in the United States. Shiga toxins 1 and 2, encoded by stx1 and stx2, respectively, and intimin, encoded by eae gene, are major virulence factors. Cattle are a major reservoir of STEC, but swine also harbor them in the hindgut and shed STEC in the feces. Our objectives were to use a culture method to isolate and identify major and minor serogroups of STEC in finisher pig feces. Shiga toxin genes were subtyped to assess public health implications of STEC. Fecal samples (n = 598) from finisher pigs, collected from 10 pig flows, were enriched in E. coli broth and tested for stx1, stx2, and eae by a multiplex PCR (mPCR) assay. Samples positive for stx1 or stx2 gene were subjected to culture methods, with or without immunomagnetic separation and plating on selective or nonselective media, for isolation and identification of stx-positive isolates. The culture method yielded a total of 178 isolates belonging to 23 serogroups. The three predominant serogroups were O8, O86, and O121. The 178 STEC strains included 26 strains with stx1a and 152 strains with stx2e subtypes. Strains with stx1a, particularly in association with eae (O26 and O103), have the potential to cause severe human infections. All stx2-positive isolates carried the subtype stx2e, a subtype that causes edema disease in swine, but is rarely involved in human infections. Several strains were also positive for genes that encode for enterotoxins, which are involved in neonatal and postweaning diarrhea in swine. In conclusion, our study showed that healthy finisher pigs harbored and shed several serogroups of E. coli carrying virulence genes involved in neonatal diarrhea, postweaning diarrhea, and edema disease, but prevalence of STEC of public health importance was low. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Remfry
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66502, USA
| | - R G Amachawadi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66502, USA.,Center for Outcomes Research and Epidemiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66502, USA.,(ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9689-1124 [R.G.A.])
| | - X Shi
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66502, USA
| | - J Bai
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66502, USA
| | - M D Tokach
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66502, USA
| | - S S Dritz
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66502, USA
| | - R D Goodband
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66502, USA
| | - J M Derouchey
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66502, USA
| | - J C Woodworth
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66502, USA
| | - T G Nagaraja
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66502, USA
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56
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Molecular characterization of multidrug-resistant avian pathogenic Escherichia coli from broiler chickens in Korea. J APPL POULTRY RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2020.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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57
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Al-Sa'ady AT, Mohammad GJ, Hussen BM. Genetic relation and virulence factors of carbapenemase-producing Uropathogenic Escherichia coli from urinary tract infections in Iraq. GENE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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58
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Liu B, Furevi A, Perepelov AV, Guo X, Cao H, Wang Q, Reeves PR, Knirel YA, Wang L, Widmalm G. Structure and genetics of Escherichia coli O antigens. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2020; 44:655-683. [PMID: 31778182 PMCID: PMC7685785 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuz028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli includes clonal groups of both commensal and pathogenic strains, with some of the latter causing serious infectious diseases. O antigen variation is current standard in defining strains for taxonomy and epidemiology, providing the basis for many serotyping schemes for Gram-negative bacteria. This review covers the diversity in E. coli O antigen structures and gene clusters, and the genetic basis for the structural diversity. Of the 187 formally defined O antigens, six (O31, O47, O67, O72, O94 and O122) have since been removed and three (O34, O89 and O144) strains do not produce any O antigen. Therefore, structures are presented for 176 of the 181 E. coli O antigens, some of which include subgroups. Most (93%) of these O antigens are synthesized via the Wzx/Wzy pathway, 11 via the ABC transporter pathway, with O20, O57 and O60 still uncharacterized due to failure to find their O antigen gene clusters. Biosynthetic pathways are given for 38 of the 49 sugars found in E. coli O antigens, and several pairs or groups of the E. coli antigens that have related structures show close relationships of the O antigen gene clusters within clades, thereby highlighting the genetic basis of the evolution of diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjing 300457, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Axel Furevi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrei V Perepelov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect, 47, Moscow, Russia
| | - Xi Guo
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjing 300457, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Hengchun Cao
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjing 300457, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Quan Wang
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjing 300457, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Peter R Reeves
- School of Molecular and Microbial Bioscience, University of Sydney, 2 Butilin Ave, Darlington NSW 2008, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yuriy A Knirel
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect, 47, Moscow, Russia
| | - Lei Wang
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjing 300457, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Göran Widmalm
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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59
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Habets A, Engelen F, Duprez JN, Devleesschauwer B, Heyndrickx M, De Zutter L, Thiry D, Cox E, Mainil J. Identification of Shigatoxigenic and Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Serotypes in Healthy Young Dairy Calves in Belgium by Recto-Anal Mucosal Swabbing. Vet Sci 2020; 7:vetsci7040167. [PMID: 33142734 PMCID: PMC7712179 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci7040167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC), enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), and Shigatoxigenic E. coli (STEC) are carried by healthy adult cattle and even more frequently by young calves in their intestinal tract, especially at the height of the recto-anal junction. The purpose of the present study was to assess the presence of ten EHEC, EPEC, and/or STEC O serotypes (O5, O26, O80, O103, O111, O118, O121, O145, O157, and O165) in calves sampled via recto-anal mucosal swabs (RAMS) at three dairy farms in Belgium. A total of 233 RAMS were collected on three consecutive occasions from healthy <6-month-old Holstein-Friesian calves and submitted to a PCR targeting the eae, stx1, and stx2 genes after non-selective overnight enrichment growth. The 148 RAMS testing positive were streaked on four (semi-)selective agar media; of the 2146 colonies tested, 294 from 69 RAMS were PCR-confirmed as EHEC, EPEC, or STEC. The most frequent virulotype was eae+ EPEC and the second one was stx1+ stx2+ STEC, while the eae+ stx1+ and eae+ stx1+ stx2+ virulotypes were the most frequent among EHEC. The majority of EHEC (73%) tested positive for one of the five O serotypes detected (O26, O103, O111, O145, or O157) vs. 23% of EPEC and 45% of STEC. Similarly, more RAMS (73%) harbored EHEC isolates positive for those five serotypes compared to EPEC (53%) or STEC (52%). This survey confirms that (i) healthy young dairy calves are asymptomatic carriers of EHEC and EPEC in Belgium; (ii) the carrier state rates, the virulotypes, and the identified O serotypes differ between farms and in time; and (iii) a majority of EPEC belong to so far unidentified O serotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Habets
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Fundamental and Applied Research in Animals and Health (FARAH) and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Quartier Vallée II, Avenue de Cureghem 6, B-4000 Liège, Belgium; (A.H.); (J.-N.D.); (J.M.)
| | - Frederik Engelen
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; (F.E.); (E.C.)
| | - Jean-Noël Duprez
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Fundamental and Applied Research in Animals and Health (FARAH) and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Quartier Vallée II, Avenue de Cureghem 6, B-4000 Liège, Belgium; (A.H.); (J.-N.D.); (J.M.)
| | - Brecht Devleesschauwer
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, Rue Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium;
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium;
| | - Marc Heyndrickx
- Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research, Unit Technology and Food, Brusselsesteenweg 370, B-9090 Melle, Belgium;
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Lieven De Zutter
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium;
| | - Damien Thiry
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Fundamental and Applied Research in Animals and Health (FARAH) and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Quartier Vallée II, Avenue de Cureghem 6, B-4000 Liège, Belgium; (A.H.); (J.-N.D.); (J.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Eric Cox
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; (F.E.); (E.C.)
| | - Jacques Mainil
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Fundamental and Applied Research in Animals and Health (FARAH) and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Quartier Vallée II, Avenue de Cureghem 6, B-4000 Liège, Belgium; (A.H.); (J.-N.D.); (J.M.)
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60
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Additional Og-Typing PCR Techniques Targeting Escherichia coli-Novel and Shigella-Unique O-Antigen Biosynthesis Gene Clusters. J Clin Microbiol 2020; 58:JCM.01493-20. [PMID: 32817086 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01493-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The O-serogrouping of pathogenic Escherichia coli is a standard method for subtyping strains for epidemiological studies and controls. O-serogroup diversification shows a strong association with the genetic diversity in some O-antigen biosynthesis gene clusters. Through genomic studies, in addition to the types of O-antigen biosynthesis gene clusters (Og-types) from conventional O-serogroup strains, a number of novel Og-types have been found in E. coli isolates. To assist outbreak investigations and surveillance of pathogenic E. coli at inspection institutes, in previous studies, we developed PCR methods that could determine almost all conventional O-serogroups and some novel Og-types. However, there are still many Og-types that may not be determined by simple genetic methods such as PCR. Thus, in the present study, we aimed to develop an additional Og-typing PCR system. Based on the novel Og-types, including OgN32, OgN33, and OgN34, presented in this study, we designed an additional 24 PCR primer pairs targeting 14 novel and 2 diversified E. coli Og-types and 8 Shigella-unique Og-types. Subsequently, we developed 5 new multiplex PCR sets consisting of 33 primers, including the aforementioned 24 primers and 9 primers reported in previous studies. The accuracy and specificity of the PCR system was validated using approximately 260 E. coli and Shigella O-serogroup and Og-type reference strains. The Og-typing PCR system reported here can determine a wide range of Og-types of E. coli and may help epidemiological studies, in addition to the surveillance of pathogenic E. coli.
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61
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Prah I, Ayibieke A, Nguyen TTH, Iguchi A, Mahazu S, Sato W, Hayashi T, Yamaoka S, Suzuki T, Iwanaga S, Ablordey A, Saito R. Virulence Profiles of Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli Isolated from the Western Region of Ghana. Jpn J Infect Dis 2020; 74:115-121. [PMID: 32863350 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2020.356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC), an important agent of infectious diarrhea, is constantly evolving, making its periodic monitoring necessary. However, the DEC genotypes in Ghana remain uncharacterized. We focused on characterizing the molecular serotypes, virulence factors, multilocus sequence types, and the phylogenetic relatedness among different DEC pathotypes recovered from stool samples of pediatric patients with symptoms of diarrhea from the Western region of Ghana. We detected all five common DEC pathotypes, with the majority of the isolates being enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) harboring the heat-labile enterotoxin gene. The DEC strains exhibited diverse serotypic identity with novel and previously reported outbreak strains. Sequence types (ST) ST38, ST316, and ST1722 were most prevalent, and clonal complex 10 (CC10) was the most common CC. A close evolutionary distance was observed among most of the isolates. Coli surface antigen 6 was the most prevalent (44%, n = 11) ETEC-specific colonization factor. Nearly all the isolates harbored lpfA, and the frequencies of other virulence genes such as pap and cnf1 were 7.9% and 18.4%, respectively. This study provides insights into the important and novel genotypes circulating in the Western region of Ghana that should be monitored for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Prah
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan.,Department of Molecular Virology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
| | - Alafate Ayibieke
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
| | - Thi Thu Huong Nguyen
- Interdisciplinary Graduate school of Agriculture and Engineering, University of Miyazaki, Japan
| | | | - Samiratu Mahazu
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan.,Department of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
| | - Wakana Sato
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
| | - Takaya Hayashi
- Department of Molecular Virology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
| | - Shoji Yamaoka
- Department of Molecular Virology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Suzuki
- Department of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
| | - Shiroh Iwanaga
- Department of Environmental Parasitology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
| | - Anthony Ablordey
- Bacteriology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Ghana
| | - Ryoichi Saito
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
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Schiavone A, Pugliese N, Circella E, Camarda A. Association between the poultry red mite Dermanyssus gallinae and potential avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC). Vet Parasitol 2020; 284:109198. [PMID: 32769005 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2020.109198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is a group of strains responsible for avian colibacillosis, an impactful disease for poultry farming. The spread of APEC is mainly horizontal, and insects may play a role in their dissemination. However, no data are available about the interaction of APEC with Dermanyssus gallinae, a major arthropodal parasite of poultry. Escherichia coli was detected in the microbiome of the mite, but no specific data have been published till now. Therefore, the presence of the most diffused APEC-associated serogroups has been assessed by PCR in mites collected from 30 flocks of 21 Italian commercial laying hens farms. Escherichia coli was found in 53.3% of the tested groups, corresponding to 66.7% of farms. The most frequent serogroup was O2, but O8, O78, and O109 were also detected. More detailed investigations were carried out in a laying hen farm that was experiencing colibacillosis by APEC O2. The same serogroup was found in both hens and mites, and the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) of the infection rate (IR) resulted in 24.39 infected mites per thousand, with a pathogen load of 171.47 E. coli O2 cells per mite. The results strongly support the hypothesis of an association between PRM and APEC, confirmed by the contemporary circulation of the same serogroup in both hens and mites, suggesting the potential of D. gallinae as a reservoir or APEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Schiavone
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", S.P. per Casamassima, km 3, 70010, Valenzano, BA, Italy
| | - Nicola Pugliese
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", S.P. per Casamassima, km 3, 70010, Valenzano, BA, Italy.
| | - Elena Circella
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", S.P. per Casamassima, km 3, 70010, Valenzano, BA, Italy
| | - Antonio Camarda
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", S.P. per Casamassima, km 3, 70010, Valenzano, BA, Italy
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Ludwig JB, Shi X, Shridhar PB, Roberts EL, DebRoy C, Phebus RK, Bai J, Nagaraja TG. Multiplex PCR Assays for the Detection of One Hundred and Thirty Seven Serogroups of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Associated With Cattle. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:378. [PMID: 32850480 PMCID: PMC7403468 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli carrying prophage with genes that encode for Shiga toxins are categorized as Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) pathotype. Illnesses caused by STEC in humans, which are often foodborne, range from mild to bloody diarrhea with life-threatening complications of renal failure and hemolytic uremic syndrome and even death, particularly in children. As many as 158 of the total 187 serogroups of E. coli are known to carry Shiga toxin genes, which makes STEC a major pathotype of E. coli. Seven STEC serogroups, called top-7, which include O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, O145, and O157, are responsible for the majority of the STEC-associated human illnesses. The STEC serogroups, other than the top-7, called “non-top-7” have also been associated with human illnesses, more often as sporadic infections. Ruminants, particularly cattle, are principal reservoirs of STEC and harbor the organisms in the hindgut and shed in the feces, which serves as a major source of food and water contaminations. A number of studies have reported on the fecal prevalence of top-7 STEC in cattle feces. However, there is paucity of data on the prevalence of non-top-7 STEC serogroups in cattle feces, generally because of lack of validated detection methods. The objective of our study was to develop and validate 14 sets of multiplex PCR (mPCR) assays targeting serogroup-specific genes to detect 137 non-top-7 STEC serogroups previously reported to be present in cattle feces. Each assay included 7–12 serogroups and primers were designed to amplify the target genes with distinct amplicon sizes for each serogroup that can be readily identified within each assay. The assays were validated with 460 strains of known serogroups. The multiplex PCR assays designed in our study can be readily adapted by most laboratories for rapid identification of strains belonging to the non-top-7 STEC serogroups associated with cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin B Ludwig
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Xiaorong Shi
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Pragathi B Shridhar
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Elisabeth L Roberts
- E. coli Reference Center, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Chitrita DebRoy
- E. coli Reference Center, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Randy K Phebus
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry/Food Science Institute, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Jianfa Bai
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Industry/Food Science Institute, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - T G Nagaraja
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
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Habets A, Crombé F, Nakamura K, Guérin V, De Rauw K, Piérard D, Saulmont M, Hayashi T, Mainil JG, Thiry D. Genetic characterization of Shigatoxigenic and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli O80:H2 from diarrhoeic and septicaemic calves and relatedness to human Shigatoxigenic E. coli O80:H2. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 130:258-264. [PMID: 32599678 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM The purpose of this work was to identify and genetically characterize enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) and enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) O80:H2 from diarrhoeic and septicaemic calves in Belgium and to comparing them with human EHEC after whole genome sequencing. METHODS AND RESULTS Ten EHEC and 21 EPEC O80 identified by PCR between 2009 and 2018 from faeces, intestinal content and a kidney of diarrhoeic or septicaemic calves were genome sequenced and compared to 19 human EHEC identified between 2008 and 2019. They all belonged to the O80:H2 serotype and ST301, harboured the eaeξ gene, and 23 of the 29 EHEC contained the stx2d gene. Phylogenetically, they were distributed in two major sub-lineages: one comprised a majority of bovine EPEC whereas the second one comprised a majority of stx2d bovine and human EHEC. CONCLUSIONS Not only EPEC but also EHEC O80:H2 are present in diarrhoeic and septicaemic calves in Belgium and are genetically related to human EHEC. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY These findings support the need to assess cattle as potential source of contamination of humans by EHEC O80:H2 and to understand the evolution of bovine and human EHEC and EPEC O80:H2.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Habets
- Bacteriology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Centre for Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health (FARAH), University of Liège (ULiège), Liège, Belgium
| | - F Crombé
- Belgian National Reference Center for STEC (NRC STEC), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - K Nakamura
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - V Guérin
- Bacteriology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Centre for Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health (FARAH), University of Liège (ULiège), Liège, Belgium
| | - K De Rauw
- Belgian National Reference Center for STEC (NRC STEC), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - D Piérard
- Belgian National Reference Center for STEC (NRC STEC), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Saulmont
- Association Régionale de Santé et d'Identification Animale (ARSIA), Ciney, Belgium
| | - T Hayashi
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - J G Mainil
- Bacteriology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Centre for Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health (FARAH), University of Liège (ULiège), Liège, Belgium
| | - D Thiry
- Bacteriology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Centre for Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health (FARAH), University of Liège (ULiège), Liège, Belgium
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Tomino Y, Andoh M, Horiuchi Y, Shin J, Ai R, Nakamura T, Toda M, Yonemitsu K, Takano A, Shimoda H, Maeda K, Kodera Y, Oshima I, Takayama K, Inadome T, Shioya K, Fukazawa M, Ishihara K, Chuma T. Surveillance of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli and Campylobacter spp. in wild Japanese deer (Cervus nippon) and boar (Sus scrofa). J Vet Med Sci 2020; 82:1287-1294. [PMID: 32655094 PMCID: PMC7538328 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing game meat consumption in Japan requires the dissemination of safety information regarding the presence of human pathogens in game animals. Health information regarding the suitability of these animals as a meat source is not widely available. In this study, we aimed to evaluate
the safety of game meat and detect potential human pathogens in wild deer (Cervus nippon) and boar (Sus scrofa) in Japan. Fecal samples from 305 wild deer and 248 boars of Yamaguchi, Kagoshima, and Tochigi prefectures collected monthly for 2 years were
examined for the prevalence of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and Campylobacter spp. STEC was isolated from 51 deer consistently throughout the year and from three boars; O-antigen genotype O146, the expression of stx2b, and
eaeA absence (n=33) were the major characteristics of our STEC isolates. Other serotypes included the medically important O157, stx2b or stx2c, and eaeA-positive (n=4) and O26, stx1a, and
eaeA-positive strains (n=1). Campylobacter spp. were isolated from 17 deer and 31 boars. Campylobacter hyointestinalis was the most common species isolated from 17 deer and 25 boars, whereas Campylobacter lanienae and
Campylobacter coli were isolated from three and two boars, respectively. Seasonal trends for the isolation of these bacteria were not significant. This study demonstrates that wild game animals carry human pathogens; therefore, detailed knowledge of the safe handling of
game meat is needed to prevent foodborne infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Tomino
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Masako Andoh
- Laboratory of Pathological and Preventive Veterinary Science, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Yuta Horiuchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Jiye Shin
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Ryunosuke Ai
- Laboratory of Pathological and Preventive Veterinary Science, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Takaki Nakamura
- Laboratory of Pathological and Preventive Veterinary Science, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Mizuki Toda
- Laboratory of Pathological and Preventive Veterinary Science, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Kenzo Yonemitsu
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yamaguchi, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Ai Takano
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yamaguchi, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shimoda
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yamaguchi, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Ken Maeda
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yamaguchi, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Yuuji Kodera
- Center for Weed and Wildlife Management, Utsunomiya University, 350 Mine-machi, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-8505, Japan
| | - Ichiro Oshima
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Koji Takayama
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Takayasu Inadome
- General Incorporated Foundation Kagoshima Environmental Research and Service, 1-1-5 Nanatsujima, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 891-0132, Japan
| | - Katsunori Shioya
- General Incorporated Foundation Kagoshima Environmental Research and Service, 1-1-5 Nanatsujima, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 891-0132, Japan
| | - Motoki Fukazawa
- Tamagawa University Farm Kushi, Kagoshima, 880 Bonotsucho Kushi, Misamisatuma, Kagoshima 898-0211, Japan
| | - Kanako Ishihara
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Takehisa Chuma
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.,Laboratory of Pathological and Preventive Veterinary Science, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
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de Oliveira AL, Newman DM, Sato Y, Noel A, Rauk B, Nolan LK, Barbieri NL, Logue CM. Characterization of Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) Associated With Turkey Cellulitis in Iowa. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:380. [PMID: 32719816 PMCID: PMC7350418 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Turkey cellulitis, also known as clostridial dermatitis is a significant cause of morbidity, mortality, and carcass condemnation at slaughter resulting in considerable losses for turkey producers. Here, we assessed the potential role of Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) in a cellulitis outbreak on a turkey farm in Iowa. Birds from one farm with a history of cellulitis and one farm with no history of disease (for comparison) were followed from the age of 10 weeks (before the outbreak) to 18 weeks (just prior to slaughter). E. coli recovered from the litter, from skin lesions of birds with cellulitis, and from systemic lesions of birds submitted for necropsy, were assessed. A total of 333 isolates were analyzed and screened for virulence-associated genes, antimicrobial resistance genes including heavy metal resistance, adhesins, invasins, and protectins, iron acquisition systems and their phylogenetic group through multiplex PCR. In addition, PCR was used to serogroup the isolates, and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was used to analyze a subset of strains from the farm environment (litter) and birds at 17 and 18 weeks of age when the cellulitis infection appeared to peak. Overall, E. coli isolates recovered from cellulitis lesions and systemic infection were identified as APEC, while a lower prevalence of E. coli recovered from the litter met the criteria of APEC-like. Direct comparison of E. coli isolates from the litter, lesions, and systemic strains using PFGE failed to find identical clones across all three sources reflecting the diversity of strains present in the poultry environment causing disease. This study highlights the role of APEC in turkey cellulitis and should not be overlooked as a significant contributor to the disease in turkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Luisa de Oliveira
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Darby M Newman
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Yuko Sato
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Andrew Noel
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Britney Rauk
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Lisa K Nolan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Nicolle L Barbieri
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Catherine M Logue
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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67
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Yoon MY, Kim YB, Ha JS, Seo KW, Noh EB, Son SH, Lee YJ. Molecular characteristics of fluoroquinolone-resistant avian pathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2020; 99:3628-3636. [PMID: 32616259 PMCID: PMC7597827 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is a major pathogen in the poultry industry worldwide including Korea. In this study, the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of 33 fluoroquinolone (FQ)-resistant APEC isolates from broilers were analyzed. All FQ-resistant APEC isolates showed amino acid exchanges at both gyrA and parC and high minimal inhibitory concentrations for FQs. A total of 11 (33.3%) isolates were positive for the plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes, qnrA (8 isolates) and qnrS (3 isolates), and showed multidrug resistance. Among the 11 PMQR-positive isolates, 1 and 2 isolates carried blaCTX-1 and blaCTX-15, respectively, as extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producers, and the non-ESBL gene, blaTEM-1, was found in 4 isolates. Among 3 aminoglycoside-resistant isolates, aac(3)-II was only detected in 1 isolate. All 8 APEC isolates with resistance to tetracycline carried the tetA gene. Overall, 6 of the 7 trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole-resistant isolates carried the sul1 or sul2 genes, while only 2 of the 8 chloramphenicol-resistant isolates carried the catA1 gene. Although 9 isolates carried class I integrons, only 4 isolates carried the gene cassettes dfrA12-aadA2 (2 isolates), dfrA17-aadA5 (1 isolate), extX-psp-aadA2 (1 isolate), and dfrA27 (1 isolate). The most common plasmid replicon was FIB (8 isolates, 72.7%), followed by K/B (4 isolates, 36.4%). Antimicrobial resistance monitoring and molecular analysis of APEC should be performed continuously to surveil the transmission between poultry farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Young Yoon
- Quality Management Department, Samhwa GPS Breeding Agri. Inc., Hongseong-gun, Chung Nam, 32291, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Bin Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Zoonoses Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Su Ha
- Quality Management Department, Samhwa GPS Breeding Agri. Inc., Hongseong-gun, Chung Nam, 32291, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Won Seo
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, 39762, USA
| | - Eun Bi Noh
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Zoonoses Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hyun Son
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Zoonoses Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ju Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Zoonoses Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
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Thomrongsuwannakij T, Blackall PJ, Djordjevic SP, Cummins ML, Chansiripornchai N. A comparison of virulence genes, antimicrobial resistance profiles and genetic diversity of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) isolates from broilers and broiler breeders in Thailand and Australia. Avian Pathol 2020; 49:457-466. [PMID: 32374190 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2020.1764493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is the causative agent of colibacillosis resulting in economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide. A total of 168 APEC isolates, equal numbers from Australian and Thai broilers/broiler breeders, were identified and tested for their susceptibility to ten antimicrobial agents. Most of the Thai APEC isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR) (60.7%) whilst Australian APEC isolates showed a MDR rate of just 10.7%. The Thai APEC isolates exhibited high resistance to tetracycline (TET) (84.5%), amoxicillin (AMX) (70.2%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (SXT) (51.2%) whilst the Australian APEC isolates showed lower levels of resistance (TET 36.9%, AMX 29.8%, SXT 17.86%). The 34 Thai APEC and four Australian APEC isolates which were resistant to nalidixic acid were characterized for their carriage of mutations in the quinolone resistance determining region of gyrA, gyrB, parC and parE. While no mutations were detected in gyrB in the Thai isolates, the Ser83Leu and Asp87Asn substitutions in gyrA and Ser80Ile in parC were common (n = 9/34). In regard to the Australian isolates, the Ser83Leu and Asp678Glu substitution in gyrA, Pro385Ala and Ser492Asn in gyrB and Met241Ile and Asp475Glu in parC were identified (n = 3/4). Rep-PCR analysis of the 84 Thai and 84 Australian APEC isolates showed 16 main clusters that mostly contained isolates from both countries. Our results suggest that the emergence of MDR is a major concern for the Thai APEC isolates and that more prudent use of antimicrobial agents in Thai poultry production is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thotsapol Thomrongsuwannakij
- Avian Health Research Unit, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Nakorn Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Patrick J Blackall
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | | | - Max L Cummins
- The ithree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Niwat Chansiripornchai
- Avian Health Research Unit, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Gomes TAT, Ooka T, Hernandes RT, Yamamoto D, Hayashi T. Escherichia albertii Pathogenesis. EcoSal Plus 2020; 9:10.1128/ecosalplus.ESP-0015-2019. [PMID: 32588811 PMCID: PMC11168576 DOI: 10.1128/ecosalplus.esp-0015-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia albertii is an emerging enteropathogen of humans and many avian species. This bacterium is a close relative of Escherichia coli and has been frequently misidentified as enteropathogenic or enterohemorrhagic E. coli due to their similarity in phenotypic and genetic features, such as various biochemical properties and the possession of a type III secretion system encoded by the locus of enterocyte effacement. This pathogen causes outbreaks of gastroenteritis, and some strains produce Shiga toxin. Although many genetic and phenotypic studies have been published and the genome sequences of more than 200 E. albertii strains are now available, the clinical significance of this species is not yet fully understood. The apparent zoonotic nature of the disease requires a deeper understanding of the transmission routes and mechanisms of E. albertii to develop effective measures to control its transmission and infection. Here, we review the current knowledge of the phylogenic relationship of E. albertii with other Escherichia species and the biochemical and genetic properties of E. albertii, with particular emphasis on the repertoire of virulence factors and the mechanisms of pathogenicity, and we hope this provides a basis for future studies of this important emerging enteropathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia A T Gomes
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tadasuke Ooka
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Rodrigo T Hernandes
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências, Campus de Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Denise Yamamoto
- Universidade Santo Amaro, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tetsuya Hayashi
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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70
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Ooka T, Seto K, Ogura Y, Nakamura K, Iguchi A, Gotoh Y, Honda M, Etoh Y, Ikeda T, Sugitani W, Konno T, Kawano K, Imuta N, Yoshiie K, Hara-Kudo Y, Murakami K, Hayashi T, Nishi J. O-antigen biosynthesis gene clusters of Escherichia albertii: their diversity and similarity to Escherichia coli gene clusters and the development of an O-genotyping method. Microb Genom 2020; 5. [PMID: 31738701 PMCID: PMC6927306 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia albertii is a recently recognized human enteropathogen that is closely related to Escherichia coli. In many Gram-negative bacteria, including E. coli, O-antigen variation has long been used for the serotyping of strains. In E. albertii, while eight O-serotypes unique to this species have been identified, some strains have been shown to exhibit genetic or serological similarity to known E. coli/Shigella O-serotypes. However, the diversity of O-serotypes and O-antigen biosynthesis gene clusters (O-AGCs) of E. albertii remains to be systematically investigated. Here, we analysed the O-AGCs of 65 E. albertii strains and identified 40 E. albertii O-genotypes (EAOgs) (named EAOg1–EAOg40). Analyses of the 40 EAOgs revealed that as many as 20 EAOgs exhibited significant genetic and serological similarity to the O-AGCs of known E. coli/Shigella O-serotypes, and provided evidence for the inter-species horizontal gene transfer of O-AGCs between E. albertii and E. coli. Based on the sequence variation in the wzx gene among the 40 EAOgs, we developed a multiplex PCR-based O-genotyping system for E. albertii (EAO-genotyping PCR) and verified its usefulness by genotyping 278 E. albertii strains from various sources. Although 225 (80.9 %) of the 278 strains could be genotyped, 51 were not assigned to any of the 40 EAOgs, indicating that further analyses are required to better understand the diversity of O-AGCs in E. albertii and improve the EAO-genotyping PCR method. A phylogenetic view of E. albertii strains sequenced so far is also presented with the distribution of the 40 EAOgs, which provided multiple examples for the intra-species horizontal transfer of O-AGCs in E. albertii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadasuke Ooka
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Kazuko Seto
- Osaka Institute of Public Health, 1-3-69 Nakamichi, Higasinari-ku, Osaka 537-0025, Japan
| | - Yoshitoshi Ogura
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Keiji Nakamura
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Atsushi Iguchi
- Department of Animal and Grassland Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen-kibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Gotoh
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Mikiko Honda
- Fukuoka City Institute of Hygiene and the Environment, 2-1-34 Jigyohama, Chuo-ku, Fukuoka 810-0065, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Etoh
- Fukuoka Institute of Health and Environmental Sciences, 39 Mukaizano, Dazaifu, Fukuoka 818-0135, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ikeda
- Hokkaido Institute of Public Health, Kita-19, Nishi-12, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan
| | - Wakana Sugitani
- Kumamoto City Environmental Research Institute, 404-1, Ezumachi Tokorojima, Higashi-ku, Kumamoto 862-0946, Japan
| | - Takayuki Konno
- Akita Prefectural Research Center for Public Health and Environment, 6-6 Senshu Kubota-machi, Akita 010-0874, Japan
| | - Kimiko Kawano
- Miyazaki Prefectural Institute for Public Health and Environment, 2-3-2 Gakuen-kibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2155, Japan
| | - Naoko Imuta
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Yoshiie
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Yukiko Hara-Kudo
- National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-9501, Japan
| | - Koichi Murakami
- Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashi-murayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Hayashi
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Junichiro Nishi
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
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McAuliffe GN, Tse F, Qiao H, Moore S, Bissessor L, Thompson B, McLaughlin V, Upton A, Taylor SL. Isolate independent molecular typing improves the yield of O typing of infections due to Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli. Pathology 2020; 52:460-465. [PMID: 32317174 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2020.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Molecular screening has increased detection of Shiga-toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC). However, it is difficult to isolate the organism for epidemiological typing. We applied a molecular method for direct detection of nine O types from 110 stx positive faeces samples and compared the results with conventional isolate based methods. Using conventional methods 55/110 (50%) samples were O typed. Using the molecular method, 72/110 (65%) were O typed, including 23/38 (61%) culture negative samples. Combining both techniques typed 88/110 (80%) of samples. Molecular typing increased detection of O128 (2-25%, p<0.001), O26 (11-16%) O45 (0-6%) and O103 (1-6%) infections. Molecular typing of STEC direct from faecal samples improved O type yield; risk of bias in epidemiological and surveillance activities may be reduced by inclusion of culture independent typing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fifi Tse
- Department of Microbiology, Middlemore Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Helen Qiao
- Department of Microbiology, Middlemore Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sharon Moore
- Department of Microbiology, Labtests, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Bryn Thompson
- Auckland Regional Public Health Service, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Arlo Upton
- Department of Microbiology, Labtests, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Susan L Taylor
- Department of Microbiology, Middlemore Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
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Lan T, Liu H, Meng L, Xing M, Dong L, Gu M, Wang J, Zheng N. Antimicrobial susceptibility, phylotypes, and virulence genes of Escherichia coli from clinical bovine mastitis in five provinces of China. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2020.1736009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tu Lan
- Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huimin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu Meng
- Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengru Xing
- Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Dong
- Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mei Gu
- Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Zaheri H, Ghanbarpour R, Jajarmi M, Bagheri M, Ghanadian A, Askari Badouei M. Public health aspects of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains in sheep and goats of Bakhtiari pastoral tribe, Iran. Trop Anim Health Prod 2020; 52:2721-2724. [PMID: 32125596 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-020-02245-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Nomadic populations do not have permanent settlements as they move their livestock between grazing areas in different seasons; such movements may have great impact on dissemination of food-borne pathogens in various regions. The aim of this study was to characterize Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains as a food-borne pathogen in sheep and goats of Bakhtiari pastoral tribe in Iran. In the present study, 72 fecal samples were obtained from 26 sheep and 46 goats. First, all recovered E. coli isolates were screened for stx gene. After detection of stx-positive isolates, the virulence genes including stx1, stx2, eae, ehly, saa, astA, subAB, terD, and the genetic markers of O Island 57 (Z2098 and Z2099) were investigated. Also fifteen important STEC O-serogroups were determined using PCR assays. Results showed that 27 animals (27/72; 37.5%) carried STEC strains including 16/26 (61.6%) sheep and 11/46 (23.9%) goats. All STECs were eae-negative but 81.4% (22/27) were positive for saa. The most prevalent virulence profile was stx1/stx2/ehly/saa/subAB (37%; 10/27). Most STECs (24/27) were positive for at least one of the selected OI-57 markers. The O91 (n = 6), O5 (n = 3), O113 (n = 1), O128 (n = 1), and O104 (n = 1) were the detected O-serogroups in this study. It is concluded that such moving animal populations could have public health concerns which have to be addressed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Zaheri
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Garmsar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Garmsar, Iran
| | - Reza Ghanbarpour
- Molecular Microbiology Research Group, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Maziar Jajarmi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mahboube Bagheri
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Bardsir Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ali Ghanadian
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Garmsar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Garmsar, Iran
| | - Mahdi Askari Badouei
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, P.O. Box 91779489741793, Mashhad, Iran.
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74
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Yang G, Zhang S, Huang Y, Ye Q, Zhang J, Wu Q, Wang J, Chen M, Xue L. Isolation and Characterization of Non-O157 Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli in Foods Sold at Retail Markets in China. J Food Prot 2020; 83:460-466. [PMID: 32065650 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-19-025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains are significant foodborne pathogens that can cause acute diarrhea in humans. This study was conducted to investigate the contamination by non-O157 STEC in different types of food sold at retail markets in the People's Republic of China and to characterize non-O157 STEC strains. From May 2012 to April 2014, 1,200 retail food samples were collected from markets in 24 cities in China. Forty-four non-O157 isolates were recovered from 43 STEC-positive samples. Of the isolates, 22 and 19 carried the stx1 and stx2 genes, respectively, and 3 harbored both stx1 and stx2. stx1a and stx2a were the most prevalent stx subtypes. Other virulence genes, ent, hlyA, astA, eae, espB, iha, subAB, and tia, were commonly detected. Diverse O serogroups were identified among these isolates. Multilocus sequence typing indicated the high genetic diversity of the isolates. Thirty-two sequence types (STs) were identified among the 44 isolates, with ST383 (9.09%), ST134 (6.82%), and ST91 (6.82%) the most prevalent. Nine new STs were found. The isolates had a high prevalence of resistance to cephalothin, ampicillin, tetracycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, nalidixic acid, streptomycin, and chloramphenicol. Twenty isolates (45.45%) were resistant to at least three antibiotics. This study provides updated surveillance data for non-O157 STEC isolates from foods sold at retail markets. Virulent and multidrug-resistant non-O57 STEC strains were isolated from all types of food. Our findings highlight the need for increased monitoring of non-O157 STEC in retail foods. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangzhu Yang
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology of Southern China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application; and Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou, 510070, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuhong Zhang
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology of Southern China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application; and Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou, 510070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanbin Huang
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology of Southern China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application; and Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou, 510070, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghua Ye
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology of Southern China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application; and Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou, 510070, People's Republic of China
| | - Jumei Zhang
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology of Southern China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application; and Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou, 510070, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingping Wu
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology of Southern China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application; and Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou, 510070, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Moutong Chen
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology of Southern China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application; and Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou, 510070, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Xue
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology of Southern China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application; and Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou, 510070, People's Republic of China
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75
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Genetic diversity of the intimin gene (eae) in non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli strains in China. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3275. [PMID: 32094410 PMCID: PMC7040016 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60225-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is an important foodborne pathogen. The increasing incidence of non-O157 STEC has posed a great risk to public health. Besides the Shiga toxin (Stx), the adherence factor, intimin, coded by eae gene plays a critical role in STEC pathogenesis. In this study, we investigated the prevalence and polymorphisms of eae gene in non-O157 STEC strains isolated from different sources in China. Among 735 non-O157 STEC strains, eae was present in 70 (9.5%) strains. Eighteen different eae genotypes were identified in 62 eae-positive STEC strains with the nucleotide identities ranging from 86.01% to 99.97%. Among which, seven genotypes were newly identified in this study. The eighteen eae genotypes can be categorized into five eae subtypes, namely β1, γ1, ε1, ζ3 and θ. Associations between eae subtypes/genotypes and serotypes as well as origins of strains were observed in this study. Strains belonging to serotypes O26:H11, O103:H2, O111:H8 are associated with particular eae subtypes, i.e., β1, ε1, θ, respectively. Most strains from diarrheal patients (7/9, 77.8%) carried eae-β1 subtype, while most isolates from cattle (23/26, 88.5%) carried eae-ζ3 subtype. This study demonstrated a genetic diversity of eae gene in non-O157 STEC strains from different sources in China.
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76
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Molecular characterization of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli from broiler chickens with colibacillosis. Poult Sci 2019; 99:1088-1095. [PMID: 32029145 PMCID: PMC7587703 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2019.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) causes extensive mortality in poultry flocks, leading to extensive economic losses. The aim of this study was to investigate the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics and antimicrobial resistance of recent APEC isolates. Of the 79 APEC isolates, the most predominant serogroup was O78 (16 isolates, 20.3%), followed by O2 (7 isolates, 8.9%) and O53 (7 isolates, 8.9%). Thirty-seven (46.8%) and six (7.6%) of the isolates belonged to phylogenetic groups D and B2, respectively, and presented as virulent extraintestinal E. coli. Among 5 analyzed virulence genes, the highest frequency was observed in hlyF (74 isolates, 93.7%), followed by iutA (72 isolates, 91.9%) gene. The distribution of the iss gene was significantly different between groups A/B1 and B2/D (P < 0.05). All group B2 isolates carried all 5 virulence genes. APEC isolates showed high resistance to ampicillin (83.5%), nalidixic acid (65.8%), tetracycline (64.6%), cephalothin (46.8%), and ciprofloxacin (46.8%). The β-lactamases–encoding genes blaTEM-1 (23 isolates, 29.1%), blaCTX-M-1 (4 isolates, 5.1%), and blaCTX-M-15 (3 isolates, 3.8%); the aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme gene aac(3)-II (4 isolates, 5.1%); and the plasmid-mediated quinolone genes qnrA (10 isolates, 12.7%) and qnrS (2 isolates, 2.5%) were identified in APEC isolates. The tetA (37 isolates, 46.8%) and sul2 (20 isolates, 25.3%) were the most prevalent among tetracycline and sulfonamide resistant isolates, respectively. This study indicates that APEC isolates harbor a variety of virulence and resistance genes; such genes are often associated with plasmids that facilitate their transmission between bacteria and should be continuously monitored to track APEC transmission in poultry farms.
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77
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Yang X, Bai X, Zhang J, Sun H, Fu S, Fan R, He X, Scheutz F, Matussek A, Xiong Y. Escherichia coli strains producing a novel Shiga toxin 2 subtype circulate in China. Int J Med Microbiol 2019; 310:151377. [PMID: 31757694 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2019.151377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Shiga toxin (Stx) is the key virulence factor in Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC), which can cause diarrhea and hemorrhagic colitis with life-threatening complications. Stx comprises two toxin types, Stx1 and Stx2. Several Stx1/Stx2 subtypes have been identified in E. coli, which are variable in sequences, toxicity and host specificity. Here, we report the identification of a novel Stx2 subtype, designated Stx2k, in E. coli strains widely detected from diarrheal patients, animals, and raw meats in China over time. Stx2k exhibits varied cytotoxicity in vitro among individual strains. The Stx2k converting prophages displayed considerable heterogeneity in terms of insertion site, genetic content and structure. Whole genome analysis revealed that the stx2k-containing strains were genetically heterogeneous with diverse serotypes, sequence types, and virulence gene profiles. The nine stx2k-containing strains formed two major phylogenetic clusters closely with strains belonging to STEC, enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), and STEC/ETEC hybrid. One stx2k-containing strain harbored one plasmid-encoded heat-stable enterotoxin sta gene and two identical copies of chromosome-encoded stb gene, exhibiting STEC/ETEC hybrid pathotype. Our finding enlarges the pool of Stx2 subtypes and highlights the extraordinary genomic plasticity of STEC strains. Given the wide distribution of the Stx2k-producing strains in diverse sources and their pathogenic potential, Stx2k should be taken into account in epidemiological surveillance of STEC infections and clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangning Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China; Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Ji Zhang
- EpiLab, New Zealand Food Safety Science & Research Centre, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, New Zealand
| | - Hui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China
| | - Ruyue Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohua He
- Western Regional Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Albany, CA, USA
| | - Flemming Scheutz
- The International Centre for Reference and Research on Escherichia and Klebsiella, Unit of Foodborne Bacteria and Typing, Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Matussek
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Yanwen Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
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78
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Fan R, Shao K, Yang X, Bai X, Fu S, Sun H, Xu Y, Wang H, Li Q, Hu B, Zhang J, Xiong Y. High prevalence of non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in beef cattle detected by combining four selective agars. BMC Microbiol 2019; 19:213. [PMID: 31488047 PMCID: PMC6728992 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1582-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are emerging foodborne pathogens that are public health concern. Cattle have been identified as the major STEC reservoir. In the present study, we investigated the prevalence and characteristics of STEC strains in beef cattle from a commercial farm in Sichuan province, China. Results Among 120 beef cattle fecal samples, stx genes were positive in 90% of samples, as assessed using TaqMan real-time PCR, and 87 (72.5%) samples were confirmed to yield at least one STEC isolate by culture using four selective agars, MacConkey, CHROMagar™ ECC, modified Rainbow® Agar O157, and CHROMagar™ STEC, from which 31, 32, 91, and 73 STEC strains were recovered, respectively. A total of 126 STEC isolates were selected and further characterized. Seventeen different O:H serotypes were identified, all of which belonged to the non-O157 serotypes. One stx1 subtype (stx1a) and three stx2 subtypes (stx2a, stx2c, and stx2d) were present among these isolates. The intimin encoding gene eae, and other adherence-associated genes (iha, saa, and paa) were present in 37, 125, 74, and 30 STEC isolates, respectively. Twenty-three isolates carried the virulence gene subA, and only one harbored both cnf1 and cnf2 genes. Three plasmid-origin virulence genes (ehxA, espP, and katP) were present in 111, 111, and 7 isolates, respectively. The 126 STEC isolates were divided into 49 pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns. Conclusions Our study showed that the joint use of the selective MacConkey and modified Rainbow® Agar O157 agars increased the recovery frequency of non-O157 STEC strains in animal feces, which could be applied to other samples and in regular STEC surveillance. Moreover, the results revealed high genetic diversity of non-O157 STEC strains in beef cattle, some of which might have the potential to cause human diseases. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12866-019-1582-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyue Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Shao
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangning Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China
| | - Yanmei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Zigong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zigong, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Qun Li
- Zigong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zigong, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- mEpiLab, New Zealand Food Safety Science & Research Center, Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Yanwen Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China.
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Shokouhi Mostafavi SK, Najar-Peerayeh S, Mohabbati Mobarez A, Kardoust Parizi M. Serogroup distribution, diversity of exotoxin gene profiles, and phylogenetic grouping of CTX-M-1- producing uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 65:148-153. [PMID: 31300106 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of CTX-M-1 producing Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) has become a serious challenge. In addition to antimicrobial resistance, a number of virulence factors have been shown. Therefore, this study was designed to determine the prevalence of O- serogroups, phylogenetic groups, exotoxin genes, and antimicrobial resistance properties of CTX-M-1- producing UPEC. A total of 248 UPEC isolates were collected. The antibiotic resistance was performed, and PCR was used to detect the blaCTX-M1, exotoxins, serogroups and phylogroups of UPEC. Of 248 isolates, 95 (38.3%) harbored blaCTX-M-1. Of them, serogroups O1 and O25 were predominant, accounting for 20% and 13.7%, respectively. The hlyA was the dominant exotoxin gene (32.6%), followed by sat (28.4%), vat (22.1%), cnf (13.7%), picU (8.4%), and cdt (2.1%). The hlyA gene was significantly associated with pyelonephritis (P = 0.003). Moreover, almost half of the isolates (45.4%) belonged to phylogenetic group B2. Most of exotoxin genes were present in significantly higher proportions in group B2 isolates except cdt gene (P < 0.05). All of the isolates were susceptible to imipenem, nitrofurantoin, and fosfomycin. The CTX-M-1-producing UPEC strains causing nosocomial infections are more likely to harbor certain exotoxin genes, raising the possibility that this increase in virulence genes may result in an increased risk of complicated UTI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shahin Najar-Peerayeh
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ashraf Mohabbati Mobarez
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Kardoust Parizi
- Department of Urology, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Sánchez S, Llorente MT, Ramiro R, Herrera-León L, Herrera-León S. Evaluation of the SHIGA TOXIN QUIK CHEK after overnight enrichment as screening tool for Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli detection in human fecal samples. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 94:218-222. [PMID: 30885395 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the SHIGA TOXIN QUIK CHEK (STQC) on its suitability for Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) testing on human fecal samples after overnight enrichment. Our in-house PCR-based protocol for STEC detection was used as the standard for comparison. STQC detected all described Shiga toxin subtypes with the only exception of Stx2f. In comparison to PCR, STQC performed with an overall sensitivity of 55.4%, specificity of 100.0%, positive predictive value of 100.0%, negative predictive value of 73.0%, infinite positive likelihood ratio, and negative likelihood ratio of 0.45. We conclude that STQC may not be considered a suitable screening tool for STEC detection in human fecal samples, although it could be useful for laboratories where PCR is not a routine tool for STEC screening yet, subject to the confirmation of negative samples by a reference laboratory with full diagnostic capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Sánchez
- Reference and Research Laboratory of Food and Waterborne Bacterial Infections, National Center for Microbiology, Institute of Health Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Teresa Llorente
- Reference and Research Laboratory of Food and Waterborne Bacterial Infections, National Center for Microbiology, Institute of Health Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Ramiro
- Reference and Research Laboratory of Food and Waterborne Bacterial Infections, National Center for Microbiology, Institute of Health Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Herrera-León
- Reference and Research Laboratory of Food and Waterborne Bacterial Infections, National Center for Microbiology, Institute of Health Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Herrera-León
- Reference and Research Laboratory of Food and Waterborne Bacterial Infections, National Center for Microbiology, Institute of Health Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
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Host Range-Associated Clustering Based on Multilocus Variable-Number Tandem-Repeat Analysis, Phylotypes, and Virulence Genes of Atypical Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Strains. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85:AEM.02796-18. [PMID: 30658974 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02796-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (aEPEC) strains (36 Japanese and 50 Bangladeshi) obtained from 649 poultry fecal samples were analyzed by molecular epidemiological methods. Clermont's phylogenetic typing showed that group A was more prevalent (58%, 50/86) than B1 (31%, 27/86). Intimin type β1, which is prevalent among human diarrheal patients, was predominant in both phylogroups B1 (81%, 22/27) and A (70%, 35/50). However, about 95% of B1-β1 strains belonged to virulence group I, and 77% of them were Japanese strains, while 17% (6/35) of A-β1 strains did. Multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA) distributed the strains into 52 distinct profiles, with Simpson's index of diversity (D) at 73%. When the data were combined with those of 142 previous strains from different sources, the minimum spanning tree formed five zones for porcine strains, poultry strains (excluding B1-β1), strains from healthy humans, bovine and human patient strains, and the B1-β1 poultry strains. Antimicrobial resistance to nalidixic acid was most common (74%) among the isolates. Sixty-eight percent of them demonstrated resistance to ≥3 antimicrobial agents, and most of them (91%) were from Bangladesh. The strains were assigned into two groups by hierarchical clustering. Correlation matrix analysis revealed that the virulence genes were negatively associated with antimicrobial resistance. The present study suggested that poultry, particularly Japanese poultry, could be another reservoir of aEPEC (phylogroup B1, virulence group I, and intimin type β1); however, poultry strains seem to be apart from patient strains that were closer to bovine strains. Bangladeshi aEPEC may be less virulent for humans but more resistant to antibiotics.IMPORTANCE Atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (aEPEC) is a diarrheagenic type of E. coli, as it possesses the intimin gene (eae) for attachment and effacement on epithelium. Since aEPEC is ubiquitous even in developed countries, we previously used molecular epidemiological methods to discriminate aEPEC as a human pathogen. The present study assessed poultry as another source of human diarrheagenic aEPEC. Poultry could be the source of aEPEC (phylogroup B1, virulence group I, and intimin type β1) found among patient strains in Japan. However, the minimum spanning tree (MST) suggested that the strains from Japanese poultry were far from Japanese patient strains compared with the distance between bovine and patient strains. Bangladeshi avian strains seemed to be less diarrheagenic but are hazardous as a source of drug resistance genes.
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82
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Cao H, Wang M, Wang Q, Xu T, Du Y, Li H, Qian C, Yin Z, Wang L, Wei Y, Wu P, Guo X, Yang B, Liu B. Identifying genetic diversity of O antigens in Aeromonas hydrophila for molecular serotype detection. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203445. [PMID: 30183757 PMCID: PMC6124807 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aeromonas hydrophila is a globally occurring, potentially virulent, gram-negative opportunistic pathogen that is known to cause water and food-borne diseases around the world. In this study, we use whole genome sequencing and in silico analyses to identify 14 putative O antigen gene clusters (OGCs) located downstream of the housekeeping genes acrB and/or oprM. We have also identified 7 novel OGCs by analyzing 15 publicly available genomes of different A. hydrophila strains. From the 14 OGCs identified initially, we have deduced that O antigen processing genes involved in the wzx/wzy pathway and the ABC transporter (wzm/wzt) pathway exhibit high molecular diversity among different A. hydrophila strains. Using these genes, we have developed a multiplexed Luminex-based array system that can identify up to 14 A. hydrophila strains. By combining our other results and including the sequences of processing genes from 13 other OGCs (7 OGCs identified from publicly available genome sequences and 6 OGCs that were previously published), we also have the data to create an array system that can identify 25 different A. hydrophila serotypes. Although clinical detection, epidemiological surveillance, and tracing of pathogenic bacteria are typically done using serotyping methods that rely on identifying bacterial surface O antigens through agglutination reactions with antisera, molecular methods such as the one we have developed may be quicker and more cost effective. Our assay shows high specificity, reproducibility, and sensitivity, being able to classify A. hydrophila strains using just 0.1 ng of genomic DNA. In conclusion, our findings indicate that a molecular serotyping system for A. hydrophila could be developed based on specific genes, providing an important molecular tool for the identification of A. hydrophila serotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengchun Cao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area, Tianjin, China
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area, Tianjin, China
| | - Min Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area, Tianjin, China
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area, Tianjin, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area, Tianjin, China
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area, Tianjin, China
| | - Tingting Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area, Tianjin, China
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuhui Du
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area, Tianjin, China
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area, Tianjin, China
| | - Huiying Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area, Tianjin, China
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area, Tianjin, China
| | - Chengqian Qian
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area, Tianjin, China
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhiqiu Yin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area, Tianjin, China
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area, Tianjin, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area, Tianjin, China
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Wei
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area, Tianjin, China
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area, Tianjin, China
| | - Pan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area, Tianjin, China
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area, Tianjin, China
| | - Xi Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area, Tianjin, China
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area, Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area, Tianjin, China
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area, Tianjin, China
- * E-mail: (BY); (BL)
| | - Bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area, Tianjin, China
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area, Tianjin, China
- * E-mail: (BY); (BL)
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Mainga AO, Cenci-Goga BT, Malahlela MN, Tshuma T, Kalake A, Karama M. Occurrence and characterization of seven major Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli serotypes from healthy cattle on cow-calf operations in South Africa. Zoonoses Public Health 2018; 65:777-789. [PMID: 29984530 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cattle are a major reservoir of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli. This study investigated the occurrence of seven major STEC serogroups including O157, O145, O103, O121, O111, O45 and O26 among 578 STEC isolates previously recovered from 559 cattle. The isolates were characterized for serotype and major virulence genes. Polymerase chain reaction revealed that 41.7% (241/578) of isolates belonged to STEC O157, O145, O103, O121, O45 and O26, and 33 distinct serotypes. The 241 isolates corresponded to 16.5% (92/559) of cattle that were STEC positive. The prevalence of cattle that tested positive for at least one of the six serogroups across the five farms was variable ranging from 2.9% to 43.4%. Occurrence rates for individual serogroups were as follows: STEC O26 was found in 10.2% (57/559); O45 in 2.9% (16/559); O145 in 2.5% (14/559); O157 in 1.4% (8/559); O121 in 1.1% (6/559); and O103 in 0.4% (2/559). The following proportions of virulence genes were observed: stx1, 69.3% (167/241); stx2, 96.3% (232/241); eaeA, 7.1% (17/241); ehxA, 92.5% (223/241); and both stx1 and stx2, 62.2% (150/241) of isolates. These findings are evidence that cattle in South Africa carry STEC that belong to six major STEC serogroups commonly incriminated in human disease. However, only a subset of serotypes associated with these serogroups were clinically relevant in human disease. Most STEC isolates carried stx1, stx2 and ehxA but lacked eaeA, a major STEC virulence factor in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred O Mainga
- Veterinary Public Health Section, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa
| | - Beniamino T Cenci-Goga
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biopatologiche, Laboratorio di Ispezione degli Alimenti di Origine Animale, Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Mogaugedi N Malahlela
- Veterinary Public Health Section, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa
| | - Takula Tshuma
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa
| | - Alan Kalake
- Gauteng Department of Agriculture and Rural Development (GDARD), Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Musafiri Karama
- Veterinary Public Health Section, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa
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Thiry D, Saulmont M, Takaki S, De Rauw K, Duprez JN, Iguchi A, Piérard D, Mainil JG. Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli O80:H2 in Young Calves with Diarrhea, Belgium. Emerg Infect Dis 2018; 23:2093-2095. [PMID: 29148394 PMCID: PMC5708227 DOI: 10.3201/eid2312.170450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Serogroup O80 was detected in 40% of 104 enteropathogenic Escherichia coli isolates from calves with diarrhea from 42 farms in Belgium during 2008‒2015. These isolates harbored the eae-ξ and fliCH2 genes, similar to the O80 attaching-effacing Shigatoxigenic E. coli isolates found in humans in France. This strain might be emerging.
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85
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Nakano S, Nagao M, Yamasaki T, Morimura H, Hama N, Iijima Y, Shinomiya H, Tanaka M, Yamamoto M, Matsumura Y, Miyake S, Ichiyama S. Evaluation of a surface plasmon resonance imaging-based multiplex O-antigen serogrouping for Escherichia coli using eleven major serotypes of Shiga -toxin-producing E. coli. J Infect Chemother 2018; 24:443-448. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Escherichia coli H-Genotyping PCR: a Complete and Practical Platform for Molecular H Typing. J Clin Microbiol 2018; 56:JCM.00190-18. [PMID: 29593058 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00190-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In Escherichia coli, more than 180 O groups and 53 H types have been recognized. The O:H serotyping of E. coli strains is an effective method for identifying strains with pathogenic potential and classifying them into clonal groups. In particular, the serotyping of Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) strains provides valuable information to evaluate the routes, sources, and prevalence of agents in outbreak investigations and surveillance. Here, we present a complete and practical PCR-based H-typing system, E. coli H-genotyping PCR, consisting of 10 multiplex PCR kits with 51 single PCR primer pairs. Primers were designed based on a detailed comparative analysis of sequences from all H-antigen (flagellin)-encoding genes, fliC and its homologs. The specificity of this system was confirmed by using all H type reference strains. Additionally, 362 serotyped wild strains were also used to evaluate its practicality. All 277 H-type-identified isolates gave PCR products that corresponded to the results of serological H typing. Moreover, 76 nonmotile and nine untypeable strains could be successfully subtyped into any H type by the PCR system. The E. coli H-genotyping PCR developed here allows broader, rapid, and low-cost subtyping of H types and will assist epidemiological studies as well as surveillance of pathogenic E. coli.
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Abstract
AbstractO-antigens present on the surface ofEscherichia coliprovide antigenic specificity for the strain and are the main components for O-serogroup designation. Serotyping using O-group-specific antisera for the identification ofE. coliO-serogroups has been traditionally the gold-standard for distinguishingE. colistrains. Knowledge of the O-group is important for determining pathogenic lineage, classifyingE. colifor epidemiological studies, for determining virulence, and for tracing outbreaks of diseases and sources of infection. However, serotyping has limitations, as the antisera generated against each specific O-group may cross-react, many strains are non-typeable, and others can autoagglutinate or be rough (lacking an O-antigen). Currently, the nucleotide sequences are available for most of the 187 designatedE. coliO-groups. Public health and other laboratories are considering whole genome sequencing to develop genotypic methods to determine O-groups. These procedures require instrumentation and analysis that may not be accessible and may be cost-prohibitive at this time. In this review, we have identified unique gene sequences within the O-antigen gene clusters and have targeted these genes for identification of O-groups using the polymerase chain reaction. This information can be used to distinguish O-groups by developing other platforms forE. colidiagnostics in the future.
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88
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Thiry D, De Rauw K, Takaki S, Duprez JN, Iguchi A, Piérard D, Korsak N, Mainil JG. Low prevalence of the 'gang of seven' and absence of the O80:H2 serotypes among Shigatoxigenic and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (STEC and EPEC) in intestinal contents of healthy cattle at two slaughterhouses in Belgium in 2014. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 124:867-873. [PMID: 29280544 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The purpose of this survey was to estimate the respective prevalence of the 'gang of seven' and 'non-gang of seven' serotypes of Shigatoxigenic and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli and to identify the O80:H2 serotype in 245 intestinal contents collected at two slaughterhouses in Belgium in 2014. METHODS AND RESULTS After overnight enrichment growth, the 69 intestinal contents testing positive with PCR targeting the eae, stx1 and stx2 genes were inoculated onto four agar media. Of the 2542 colonies picked up, 677 from 59 samples were PCR confirmed. The most frequent virulotypes were eae+ in 47 (80%) samples, stx2+ in 20 (34%) samples and eae+ stx1+ in 16 (27%) samples. PCR-positive colonies belonged to different virulotypes in 36 samples. No colony was O80-positive, whereas two eae+ colonies from two samples were O26:H11, 50 eae+ stx1+ and eae+ from eight samples were O103:H2 and two eae+ stx1+ stx2+ colonies from one sample were O157:H7. CONCLUSIONS The 'non-gang of seven' serotypes are more frequent than the 'gang of seven' serotypes and the O80:H2 serotype was not detected among Shigatoxigenic and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli in the intestines of cattle at these two slaughterhouses. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Although the identification protocols of Shigatoxigenic Escherichia coli focus on the 'gang of seven' serotypes, several other serotypes can be present with possible importance in public health. Innovative selective identification procedures should be designed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Thiry
- Bacteriology, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Institute for Fundamental and Applied Research in Animals and Health (FARAH) and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - K De Rauw
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Belgian National Reference Centre for STEC/ VTEC, Brussels, Belgium
| | - S Takaki
- Bacteriology, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Institute for Fundamental and Applied Research in Animals and Health (FARAH) and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - J-N Duprez
- Bacteriology, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Institute for Fundamental and Applied Research in Animals and Health (FARAH) and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - A Iguchi
- Department of Animal and Grassland Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki (UoM), Miyazaki, Japan
| | - D Piérard
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Belgian National Reference Centre for STEC/ VTEC, Brussels, Belgium
| | - N Korsak
- Food Inspection, Department of Food Science, Institute for Fundamental and Applied Research in Animals and Health (FARAH) and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - J G Mainil
- Bacteriology, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Institute for Fundamental and Applied Research in Animals and Health (FARAH) and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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89
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Nakamura H, Iguchi A, Maehara T, Fujiwara K, Fujiwara A, Ogasawara J. Comparison of Three Molecular Subtyping Methods among O157 and Non-O157 Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Isolates from Japanese Cattle. Jpn J Infect Dis 2017; 71:45-50. [PMID: 29279448 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2017.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To determine the infection source, route, and extent of an outbreak, it is important to subtype Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) isolates belonging to the same serotype for clustering into clonally related groups. In this study, we compared 3 molecular subtyping methods-multilocus sequence typing (MLST), pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and multiple-locus variable-number of tandem repeat analysis (MLVA)-using O157 and non-O157 STEC isolates from Japanese beef cattle. A total of 73 STEC isolates belonging to 9 O-serogroups were analyzed. By means of 3 molecular subtyping methods, the strains were subdivided into 9 MLST sequence types (STs), 23 PFGE types, and 26 MLVA types. The STEC classification by O-serogrouping and MLST was almost identical. Furthermore, PFGE and MLVA could systematically classify STEC isolates of the same serotypes and STs. MLVA and PFGE were found to be highly efficient subtyping methods after O-serogrouping for the classification of not only O157 but also non-O157 STEC isolates in an outbreak investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Atsushi Iguchi
- Department of Animal and Grassland Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki
| | | | | | | | - Jun Ogasawara
- Microbiology Section, Osaka Institute of Public Health
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90
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Progress in Our Understanding of Wzx Flippase for Translocation of Bacterial Membrane Lipid-Linked Oligosaccharide. J Bacteriol 2017; 200:JB.00154-17. [PMID: 28696276 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00154-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Translocation of lipid-linked oligosaccharides is a common theme across prokaryotes and eukaryotes. For bacteria, such activity is used in cell wall construction, polysaccharide synthesis, and the relatively recently discovered protein glycosylation. To the best of our knowledge, the Gram-negative inner membrane flippase Wzx was the first protein identified as being involved in oligosaccharide translocation, and yet we still have only a limited understanding of this protein after 3 decades of research. At present, Wzx is known to be a multitransmembrane protein with enormous sequence diversity that flips oligosaccharide substrates with varied degrees of preference. In this review, we provide an overview of the major findings for this protein, with a particular focus on substrate preference.
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91
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Cookson AL, Biggs PJ, Marshall JC, Reynolds A, Collis RM, French NP, Brightwell G. Culture independent analysis using gnd as a target gene to assess Escherichia coli diversity and community structure. Sci Rep 2017; 7:841. [PMID: 28404985 PMCID: PMC5429811 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00890-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Current culture methods to investigate changes in Escherichia coli community structure are often slow and laborious. Genes such as gnd (6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase) have a highly variable nucleotide sequence and may provide a target for E. coli microbiome analysis using culture-independent methods. Metabarcoded PCR primers were used to generate separate libraries from calf faecal samples for high throughput sequencing. Although a total of 348 separate gnd sequence types (gSTs) were identified, 188 were likely to be due to sequencing errors. Of the remaining 160 gSTs, 92 did not match those in a database of 319 separate gnd sequences. ‘Animal’ was the main determinant of E. coli diversity with limited impact of sample type or DNA extraction method on intra-host E. coli community variation from faeces and recto-anal mucosal swab samples. This culture-independent study has addressed the difficulties of quantifying bacterial intra-species diversity and revealed that, whilst individual animals may harbour >50 separate E. coli strains, communities are dominated by <10 strains alongside a large pool of subdominant strains present at low abundances. This method will be useful for characterising the diversity and population structure of E. coli in experimental studies designed to assess the impact of interventions on the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian L Cookson
- AgResearch Limited, Hopkirk Research Institute, Palmerston North, New Zealand. .,mEpiLab, Hopkirk Research Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
| | - Patrick J Biggs
- mEpiLab, Hopkirk Research Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,Massey Genome Service, New Zealand Genomics Limited, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Jonathan C Marshall
- mEpiLab, Hopkirk Research Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Angela Reynolds
- AgResearch Limited, Hopkirk Research Institute, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Rose M Collis
- AgResearch Limited, Hopkirk Research Institute, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Nigel P French
- mEpiLab, Hopkirk Research Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Gale Brightwell
- AgResearch Limited, Hopkirk Research Institute, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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92
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Xu Y, Bai X, Jin Y, Hu B, Wang H, Sun H, Fan R, Fu S, Xiong Y. High Prevalence of Virulence Genes in Specific Genotypes of Atypical Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:109. [PMID: 28421169 PMCID: PMC5378719 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (aEPEC) strains are emerging enteropathogens that have been detected worldwide. A collection of 228 aEPEC strains (121 from diarrheal patients, 27 from healthy carriers, 47 from animals and 33 from raw meats) were investigated for serotypes, virulence gene profiles and phylogenetic relationships. Sixty-six O serogroups were identified. Serogroup O51 was the most prevalent, followed by O119, O26 and O76. For the 20 virulence genes detected, statistically significant differences were observed in the overall prevalence of efa1 (lifA), nleB, nleE, set/ent, paa, and ehxA genes among strains from diarrheal patients, healthy carriers, animals and raw meats, respectively. Strains from diarrheal patients had significantly higher levels of efa1 (lifA) (29.8 vs. 0%, P = 0.0002), nleB (41.3 vs. 7.4%, P = 0.0004), nleE (43.8 vs. 7.4%, P = 0.0002) and set/ent (41.3 vs. 7.4%, P = 0.0004) genes than strains obtained from healthy carriers. The paa gene was identified more often in isolates from raw meats (63.6 vs. 14.8%, P < 0.0001), animals (42.6 vs. 14.8%, P < 0.0122), and diarrheal patients (36.4 vs. 14.8%, P < 0.0225) than in strains obtained from healthy carriers. The ehxA gene was detected more frequently in strains from raw meats than in strains from diarrheal patients (27.3 vs. 2.5%, P = 0.0000) and healthy carriers (27.3 vs. 7.4%, P = 0.0474). The phylogenetic marker, yjaA, was more frequently observed in strains among healthy carriers than in diarrheal patient strains. Among the 228 aEPEC strains, 79 sequence types (STs) were identified. The prominent STs, which comprised strains carrying the four OI-122 genes and lpfA, were ST40, ST328, and ST29. Overall, the results indicate that aEPEC strains isolated in China are highly heterogeneous. aEPEC strains that are potentially more pathogenic appear to be related to specific STs or clonal complexes and serotypes. The high prevalence of diarrhea-associated genes in animal or raw meat strains suggests a zoonotic transmission pathway for potentially human pathogenic aEPEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing, China
| | - Xiangning Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing, China
| | - Yujuan Jin
- Longgang Center for Disease Control and PreventionShenzhen, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and PreventionJinan, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Zigong Center for Disease Control and PreventionZigong, China
| | - Hui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing, China
| | - Ruyue Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing, China
| | - Shanshan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing, China
| | - Yanwen Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing, China
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93
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Kubomura A, Misaki T, Homma S, Matsuo C, Okabe N. Phenotypic and Molecular Characterization of Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli Isolated in Kawasaki, Japan. Jpn J Infect Dis 2017; 70:507-512. [PMID: 28367879 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2016.387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC), an enteric pathogen, causes persistent diarrhea in children, HIV-infected individuals, and travelers in economically developing countries. However, the pathogenesis of EAEC infection is not well understood. This study aimed to characterize EAEC in Japan. Between 2012 and 2014, we identified 40 EAEC strains carrying the aggR gene at the Kawasaki City Institute for Public Health, Japan. We characterized these strains using O:H-antigen typing, polymerase chain reaction (for pCVD432, astA, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, and 4 aggregative adherence fimbriae genes), HEp-2 cell adherence, clump formation, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. We were able to classify the 40 EAEC strains into 20 O:H types. Although specific O:H types were not correlated with HEp-2 cell aggregative adherence, all the O99:H10, O131:H27, and O176:H34 EAEC strains that were the most frequent O:H types detected in this study showed co-resistance to ampicillin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, and tetracycline. Based on results of the adhesion assay and detection of virulence-related genes, no significant difference was found between asymptomatic and symptomatic cases. Irrespective of the origin, their potential for virulence was retained. Further characterization is vital to determine whether EAEC is virulent in Japan.
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94
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Iguchi A. A complete view of the Escherichia coli O-antigen biosynthesis gene cluster and the development of molecular-based O-serogrouping methods. Nihon Saikingaku Zasshi 2017; 71:209-215. [PMID: 27980292 DOI: 10.3412/jsb.71.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Much of what we know about Escherichia coli populations and epidemiology is defined at some level by O serogroups. Moreover, in our collective knowledge, outbreak and disease reports and elsewhere, all information of pathogenic E. coli have O serogroup records. O-serogroup diversification shows a strong association with the genetic diversity of O-antigen biosynthesis genes, and O-serogroup-specific sequences can be used as genetic markers for identifying O serogroups. We sequenced all the known O-antigen biosynthesis gene clusters (O-AGCs) from the 184 E. coli defined O serogroups and determined their genetic makeup and diversity. Subsequently, based on a highly detailed analysis of O-AGCs, we developed comprehensive and practical molecular O-serogrouping platforms; PCR-based "E. coli O-genotuping PCR" and in silico-based "SerotypeFinder". These simple and exhaustive systems may integrate microbial typing, genomics and evolutionary analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Iguchi
- Department of Animal and Grassland Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki
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95
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Nationwide investigation of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli among cattle in Japan revealed the risk factors and potentially virulent subgroups. Epidemiol Infect 2017; 145:1557-1566. [PMID: 28260536 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268817000474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A nationwide study of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) was performed to determine the prevalence, characteristics and risk factors for fecal shedding of STEC among cattle in Japan. Information on rearing practices was also collected to identify risk factors for fecal shedding of STEC. STEC was isolated from 24·1% of samples (133/551) collected from 59·1% of farms (65/110). Bayesian clustering using the virulence marker profiles of the isolates subdivided the isolates into four genetically distinct groups, two of which corresponded to eae- or saa-positive STEC, which can cause severe disease in human. Both STEC groups exhibited characteristic phylogeny and virulence marker profiles. It is noteworthy that the tellurite resistance gene was not detected in all saa-positive STEC isolates, suggesting that the standard isolation method using tellurite might lead to an underestimation of the prevalence of saa-positive STEC. A multivariate logistic regression model using epidemiological information revealed a significantly (P < 0·01) high odds ratio on STEC fecal shedding in tie-stall housing and a low odds ratio in flat feed box and mechanical ventilation. Information on isolate characteristics of the two major pathotypes and risk factors in rearing practices will facilitate the development of preventative measures for STEC fecal shedding from cattle.
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96
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Delannoy S, Beutin L, Mariani-Kurkdjian P, Fleiss A, Bonacorsi S, Fach P. The Escherichia coli Serogroup O1 and O2 Lipopolysaccharides Are Encoded by Multiple O-antigen Gene Clusters. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:30. [PMID: 28224115 PMCID: PMC5293828 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli strains belonging to serogroups O1 and O2 are frequently associated with human infections, especially extra-intestinal infections such as bloodstream infections or urinary tract infections. These strains can be associated with a large array of flagellar antigens. Because of their frequency and clinical importance, a reliable detection of E. coli O1 and O2 strains and also the frequently associated K1 capsule is important for diagnosis and source attribution of E. coli infections in humans and animals. By sequencing the O-antigen clusters of various O1 and O2 strains we showed that the serogroups O1 and O2 are encoded by different sets of O-antigen encoding genes and identified potentially new O-groups. We developed qPCR-assays to detect the various O1 and O2 variants and the K1-encoding gene. These qPCR assays proved to be 100% sensitive and 100% specific and could be valuable tools for the investigations of zoonotic and food-borne infection of humans with O1 and O2 extra-intestinal (ExPEC) or Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Delannoy
- IdentyPath Platform, Food Safety Laboratory, Anses, Université Paris-Est Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Lothar Beutin
- National Reference Laboratory for Escherichia coli, Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR)Berlin, Germany; Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Institute for Biology - Microbiology, Freie Universität BerlinBerlin, Germany
| | - Patricia Mariani-Kurkdjian
- CNR Associé Escherichia coli, Service de Microbiologie, Hôpital Robert-DebréParis, France; IAME, UMR 1137, INSERMParis, France; IAME, UMR 1137, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris CitéParis, France
| | - Aubin Fleiss
- IdentyPath Platform, Food Safety Laboratory, Anses, Université Paris-Est Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Stéphane Bonacorsi
- CNR Associé Escherichia coli, Service de Microbiologie, Hôpital Robert-DebréParis, France; IAME, UMR 1137, INSERMParis, France; IAME, UMR 1137, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris CitéParis, France
| | - Patrick Fach
- IdentyPath Platform, Food Safety Laboratory, Anses, Université Paris-Est Maisons-Alfort, France
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97
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Bai X, Hu B, Xu Y, Sun H, Zhao A, Ba P, Fu S, Fan R, Jin Y, Wang H, Guo Q, Xu X, Lu S, Xiong Y. Molecular and Phylogenetic Characterization of Non-O157 Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Strains in China. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2016; 6:143. [PMID: 27853704 PMCID: PMC5089976 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2016.00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) causes diarrhea and hemorrhagic colitis with life-threatening complications, such as hemolytic uremic syndrome. The aim of this study was to assess the molecular epidemiologic features of non-O157 STEC strains from different resources in China and illustrate the role of animal reservoirs or animal-derived foodstuffs in human STEC infections. A collection of 301 non-O157 STEC isolates from domestic and wild animals (i.e., cattle, goat, pig, yak, pika, and antelope), raw meats (i.e., beef, pork, mutton, chicken, and duck), diarrheal patients, and healthy carriers in different regions of China were selected in this study. Of the 301 analyzed STEC isolates, 67 serogroups, and 118 serotypes were identified; this included some predominant serogroups associated with human disease, such as O26, O45, O103, O111, and O121. Eighteen different combinations of stx subtypes were found. Eleven isolates carried the intimin gene eae, 93 isolates contained ehxA, and 73 isolates carried astA. The prevalence of other putative adhesion genes saa, paa, efa1, and toxB was 28.90% (87), 6.98% (21), 2.31% (7), and 1% (3), respectively. The phylogenetic distribution of isolates was analyzed by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Ninety-four sequence types were assigned across the 301 isolates. A subset of isolates recovered from yak and pika residing in the similar wild environments, Qinghai-Tibetan plateau, showed similar genetic profiles and more tendencies to cluster together. Isolates from goat and mutton exhibited close genetic relatedness with those from human-derived isolates, providing evidence that transmission may have occurred locally within intraspecies or interspecies, and importantly, from animal reservoirs, or raw meats to humans. Comparing isolates in this study with highly virulent strains by MLST, along with serotyping and virulence profiles, it is conceivable that some of isolates from goat, yak, or raw meats may have potential to cause human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangning Bai
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention Jinan, China
| | - Yanmei Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing, China
| | - Hui Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing, China
| | - Ailan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing, China
| | - Pengbin Ba
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Fu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing, China
| | - Ruyue Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing, China
| | - Yujuan Jin
- Longgang Center for Disease Control and Prevention Shenzhen, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Zigong Center for Disease Control and Prevention Zigong, China
| | - Qiusheng Guo
- Suixian Center for Disease Control and Prevention Suixian, China
| | - Xuebin Xu
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention Shanghai, China
| | - Shan Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing, China
| | - Yanwen Xiong
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing, China
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98
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Akiyama Y, Futai H, Saito E, Ogita K, Sakae H, Fukunaga M, Tsuji H, Chikahira M, Iguchi A. Shiga Toxin Subtypes and Virulence Genes in Escherichia coli Isolated from Cattle. Jpn J Infect Dis 2016; 70:181-185. [PMID: 27580573 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2016.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Subtypes of stx1 and stx2 in 45 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains isolated from cattle were investigated by PCR. Only subtype stx1a was detected among all the stx1-positive strains. The major stx2 subtype was stx2a followed by stx2d, stx2c, stx2b, and stx2g in decreasing order of frequency. stx2c was found in strains of serotypes O157 and O174. stx2d was found in 11 strains. These strains were confirmed by DNA sequencing to carry both the activatable tail and the END motif; all were eae-negative, and 3 contained stx2d as the only stx. stx2g was found in 2 strains in association with stx2a, estA1, and astA. In addition, 7 hybrid strains of shigatoxigenic and enterotoxigenic E. coli (STEC/ETEC) were found to harbor one or both of stx1a and stx2a (stx1a/stx2a) and estA1. Among 27 serotypes of STEC strains isolated from cattle, O157:H7 and O109:H- strains were eae-positive. Other putative adhesin genes, such as saa, iha, espP, and lpfAO113 were detected in more than 12 serotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Akiyama
- Public Health Science Research Center, Hyogo Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Consumer Sciences
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99
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Survey and Experimental Infection of Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli in Common Marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160116. [PMID: 27501144 PMCID: PMC4976964 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) are frequently used for biomedical research but can be afflicted with diarrhea—a serious and potentially lethal health problem. Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) is thought to be the causative pathogen of hemorrhagic typhlocolitis in common marmosets, but the actual incidence of the disease and the relationship between EPEC and hematochezia are unknown. This study investigated the prevalence of EPEC infection in common marmosets and the association between EPEC and hematochezia. A total of 230 stool or rectal swab samples were collected from 230 common marmosets (98 clinically healthy, 85 diarrhea, and 47 bloody stool samples) and tested by culture-based detection and PCR amplification of VT1, VT2, LT, ST, eae, and bfp genes. Healthy animals were divided into three groups (n = 4 each for high and low concentration groups and n = 2 as negative control), and those in the experimental groups were perorally inoculated with a 2-ml of suspension of EPEC R811 strain adjusted to 5 × 108 (high concentration) and 5 × 104 (low concentration) CFU/ ml. Two animals in each group were examined 3 and 14 days post-inoculation (DPI). EPEC was detected in 10 of 98 clinically healthy samples (10.2%), 17 of 85 diarrhea samples (20%), and all 47 bloody stool samples (100%), with a significant difference detected between presence of EPEC and sample status (P < 0.01). Acute hematochezia was observed in all animals of the high-concentration group but not in other groups at 1 or 2 DPI. A histopathological examination revealed the attachment of gram-negative bacilli to epithelial apical membranes and desquamated epithelial cells in the cecum of animals in the high-concentration group at 3 DPI. These findings suggest that EPEC is a causative agent of hemorrhagic typhlocolitis in common marmosets.
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100
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Imuta N, Ooka T, Seto K, Kawahara R, Koriyama T, Kojyo T, Iguchi A, Tokuda K, Kawamura H, Yoshiie K, Ogura Y, Hayashi T, Nishi J. Phylogenetic Analysis of Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) Isolates from Japan Reveals Emergence of CTX-M-14-Producing EAEC O25:H4 Clones Related to Sequence Type 131. J Clin Microbiol 2016; 54:2128-34. [PMID: 27252465 PMCID: PMC4963495 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00711-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) causes acute or persistent diarrhea. The aggR gene is widely used as a marker for typical EAEC. The heterogeneity of EAEC is well known; however, there are few reports on the phylogenetic relationships of EAEC. Recently, CTX-M extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing EAEC strains have been reported worldwide. To characterize EAEC strains in Japan, we investigated the population structure of EAEC. A total of 167 aggR-positive strains isolated from stool specimens from diarrheal patients in Kagoshima (139 strains) and Osaka (28 strains), Japan, between 1992 and 2010 were examined for the prevalence of EAEC virulence markers, the blaCTX-M gene, and the capacity to form biofilms. Multilocus sequence typing was also conducted. EAEC strains were widely distributed across four major E. coli phylogroups. Strains of O111:H21/clonal group 40 (CG40) (30 strains), O126:H27/CG200 (13 strains), and O86a:H27/CG3570 (11 strains) in phylogroup B1 are the historical EAEC clones in Japan, and they exhibited strong biofilm formation. Twenty-nine strains of EAEC O25:H4/CG131 were identified in phylogroup B2, 79% of which produced CTX-M-14. This clone has emerged since 2003. The clone harbored plasmid-encoded EAEC virulence genes but not chromosomal virulence genes and had lower biofilm-forming capacity than historical EAEC strains. This clone most likely emerged from a pandemic uropathogenic O25:H4/sequence type 131 clone by acquiring an EAEC virulence plasmid from canonical EAEC. Surveillance of the horizontal transfer of both virulence and ESBL genes among E. coli strains is important for preventing a worldwide increase in antimicrobial drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Imuta
- Department of Microbiology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Tadasuke Ooka
- Department of Microbiology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kazuko Seto
- Osaka Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryuji Kawahara
- Osaka Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toyoyasu Koriyama
- Clinical Laboratory, Kagoshima University Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kojyo
- Clinical Laboratory, Kagoshima University Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Atsushi Iguchi
- Department of Animal and Grassland Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Koichi Tokuda
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Division of Medical and Environmental Safety, Kagoshima University Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hideki Kawamura
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Division of Medical and Environmental Safety, Kagoshima University Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Yoshiie
- Department of Microbiology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yoshitoshi Ogura
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Hayashi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Junichiro Nishi
- Department of Microbiology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Division of Medical and Environmental Safety, Kagoshima University Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
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