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Nouri R, Hasani A, Shirazi KM, Sefiadn FY, Mazraeh FN, Sattarpour S, Rezaee MA. Colonization of the gut mucosa of colorectal cancer patients by pathogenic mucosa-associated Escherichia coli strains. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 109:116229. [PMID: 38507962 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2024.116229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Some strains of Escherichia coli are known to be involved in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). The aim of current study was to compare the general characteristics of the E. coli from CRC patients and healthy participants. A total of 96 biopsy samples from 48 CRC patients and 48 healthy participants, were studied. The clonality of the E. coli isolates was analyzed by Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-based PCR (ERIC-PCR) method. The strains were tested by PCR to determine the prevalence of different virulence factors. According to the results of ERIC-PCR analysis, (from the 860 E. coli isolates) 60 strains from CRC patients and 41 strains from healthy controls were identified. Interestingly, the majority of the strains of both groups were in the same cluster. Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) was detected significantly more often in CRC patients (21.6 %) than in healthy participants (2.4 %) (p < 0.05). The Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) was found in 18.33 % of the strains of CRC patients. However, other pathotypes were not found in the E. coli strains of both groups. Furthermore, all the studied genes encoding for virulence factors seemed to be more prevalent in the strains belonging to CRC patients. Among the virulence genes, the statistical difference regarding the frequency of fuyA, chuA, vat, papC, hlyA and cnf1 genes was found significant (p < 0.05). In conclusion, E. coli strains that carry extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) and diarrheagenic E. coli (DEC) multiple virulence factors colonize the gut mucosa of CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roghayeh Nouri
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alka Hasani
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Kourosh Masnadi Shirazi
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Yeganeh Sefiadn
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fariba Naeimi Mazraeh
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Simin Sattarpour
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ahangarzadeh Rezaee
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Hernandes RT, Hazen TH, dos Santos LF, Richter TKS, Michalski JM, Rasko DA. Comparative genomic analysis provides insight into the phylogeny and virulence of atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli strains from Brazil. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008373. [PMID: 32479541 PMCID: PMC7289442 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (aEPEC) are one of the most frequent intestinal E. coli pathotypes isolated from diarrheal patients in Brazil. Isolates of aEPEC contain the locus of enterocyte effacement, but lack the genes of the bundle-forming pilus of typical EPEC, and the Shiga toxin of enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC). The objective of this study was to evaluate the phylogeny and the gene content of Brazilian aEPEC genomes compared to a global aEPEC collection. Methodology Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based phylogenomic analysis was used to compare 106 sequenced Brazilian aEPEC with 221 aEPEC obtained from other geographic origins. Additionally, Large-Scale BLAST Score Ratio was used to determine the shared versus unique gene content of the aEPEC studied. Principal Findings Phylogenomic analysis demonstrated the 106 Brazilian aEPEC were present in phylogroups B1 (47.2%, 50/106), B2 (23.6%, 25/106), A (22.6%, 24/106), and E (6.6%, 7/106). Identification of EPEC and EHEC phylogenomic lineages demonstrated that 42.5% (45/106) of the Brazilian aEPEC were in four of the previously defined lineages: EPEC10 (17.9%, 19/106), EPEC9 (10.4%, 11/106), EHEC2 (7.5%, 8/106) and EPEC7 (6.6%, 7/106). Interestingly, an additional 28.3% (30/106) of the Brazilian aEPEC were identified in five novel lineages: EPEC11 (14.2%, 15/106), EPEC12 (4.7%, 5/106), EPEC13 (1.9%, 2/106), EPEC14 (5.7%, 6/106) and EPEC15 (1.9%, 2/106). We identified 246 genes that were more frequent among the aEPEC isolates from Brazil compared to the global aEPEC collection, including espG2, espT and espC (P<0.001). Moreover, the nleF gene was more frequently identified among Brazilian aEPEC isolates obtained from diarrheagenic patients when compared to healthy subjects (69.7% vs 41.2%, P<0.05). Conclusion The current study demonstrates significant genomic diversity among aEPEC from Brazil, with the identification of Brazilian aEPEC isolates to five novel EPEC lineages. The greater prevalence of some virulence genes among Brazilian aEPEC genomes could be important to the specific virulence strategies used by aEPEC in Brazil to cause diarrheal disease. Atypical EPEC (aEPEC) is one of the most frequent diarrheagenic Escherichia coli pathotypes isolated from patients in Brazil and is associated with diarrheal outbreaks. This study is the first to sequence the genomes of a collection of aEPEC isolates from a South American country, Brazil, and compare their phylogenetic relationships and gene content with a global collection of aEPEC. This approach identified Brazilian aEPEC genomes in previously characterized EPEC/EHEC phylogenomic lineages and resulted in the identification of five novel EPEC phylogenomic lineages, designated EPEC11 to EPEC15. We also observed that virulence genes, such as espG2, espT and espC were more frequently identified among the Brazilian aEPEC genomes, demonstrating potential differences in the virulence repertoire of this pathogen in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo T. Hernandes
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brasil
- * E-mail:
| | - Tracy H. Hazen
- Institute for Genome Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | - Taylor K. S. Richter
- Institute for Genome Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jane M. Michalski
- Institute for Genome Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David A. Rasko
- Institute for Genome Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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Sonowal T, Shariff M. A typical Escherichia coli: A Dilemma of a Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory. Indian J Med Microbiol 2019; 37:287-288. [PMID: 31745034 DOI: 10.4103/ijmm.ijmm_19_60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tonushyam Sonowal
- Department of Microbiology, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Malini Shariff
- Department of Microbiology, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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Kinnula S, Hemminki K, Kotilainen H, Ruotsalainen E, Tarkka E, Salmenlinna S, Hallanvuo S, Leinonen E, Jukka O, Rimhanen-Finne R. Outbreak of multiple strains of non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli associated with rocket salad, Finland, autumn 2016. Euro Surveill 2018; 23:1700666. [PMID: 30180926 PMCID: PMC6124187 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2018.23.35.1700666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In August 2016, an outbreak of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) with 237 cases occurred in the Helsinki metropolitan area, Finland. Gastroenteritis cases were reported at 11 events served by one catering company. Microbiological and epidemiological investigations suggested rocket salad as the cause of the outbreak. STEC ONT H11 and EPEC O111:H8 strains isolated from food samples containing rocket were identical to the patient isolates. In this outbreak, the reported symptoms were milder than considered before for STEC infection, and the guidelines for STEC control measures need to be updated based on the severity of the illness. Based on our experience in this outbreak, national surveillance criteria for STEC have been updated to meet the practice in reporting laboratories covering both PCR-positive and culture-confirmed findings. We suggest that EPEC could be added to the national surveillance since diagnostics for EPEC are routinely done in clinical laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohvi Kinnula
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Health Security Department, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kaisa Hemminki
- Environmental Health, Social and Health Services Espoo, Espoo, Finland
| | - Hannele Kotilainen
- City of Helsinki, Communicable Diseases, Epidemiology Unit, Social Services and Health Care Sector, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eeva Ruotsalainen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Inflammation Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eveliina Tarkka
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, HUSLAB, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Saara Salmenlinna
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Health Security Department, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Saija Hallanvuo
- Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira, Research and Laboratory Services Department, Microbiology Research Unit, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elina Leinonen
- Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira, Food Safety Department, Microbiological Food Safety Unit, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ollgren Jukka
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Health Security Department, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ruska Rimhanen-Finne
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Health Security Department, Helsinki, Finland
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Thiry D, Saulmont M, Takaki S, De Rauw K, Duprez JN, Iguchi A, Piérard D, Mainil JG. Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli O80:H2 in Young Calves with Diarrhea, Belgium. Emerg Infect Dis 2018; 23:2093-2095. [PMID: 29148394 PMCID: PMC5708227 DOI: 10.3201/eid2312.170450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Serogroup O80 was detected in 40% of 104 enteropathogenic Escherichia coli isolates from calves with diarrhea from 42 farms in Belgium during 2008‒2015. These isolates harbored the eae-ξ and fliCH2 genes, similar to the O80 attaching-effacing Shigatoxigenic E. coli isolates found in humans in France. This strain might be emerging.
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Barbau-Piednoir E, Denayer S, Botteldoorn N, Dierick K, De Keersmaecker SCJ, Roosens NH. Detection and discrimination of five E. coli pathotypes using a combinatory SYBR® Green qPCR screening system. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:3267-3285. [PMID: 29460001 PMCID: PMC5852171 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8820-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A detection and discrimination system for five Escherichia coli pathotypes, based on a combination of 13 SYBR® Green qPCR, has been developed, i.e., combinatory SYBR® Green qPCR screening system for pathogenic E. coli (CoSYPS Path E. coli). It allows the discrimination on isolates and the screening of potential presence in food of the following pathotypes of E. coli: shigatoxigenic (STEC) (including enterohemorrhagic (EHEC)), enteropathogenic (EPEC), enteroaggregative (EAggEC), enteroaggregative shigatoxigenic (EAggSTEC), and enteroinvasive (EIEC) E. coli. The SYBR® Green qPCR assays target the uidA, ipaH, eae, aggR, aaiC, stx1, and stx2 genes. uidA controls for E. coli presence and all the other genes are specific targets of E. coli pathotypes. For each gene, two primer pairs have been designed to guarantee a sufficient detection even in case of deletion or polymorphisms in the target gene. Moreover, all the qPCR have been designed to be run together in a single analytical PCR plate. This study includes the primer pairs' design, in silico and in situ selectivity, sensitivity, repeatability, and reproducibility evaluation of the 13 SYBR® Green qPCR assays. Each target displayed a selectivity of 100%. The limit of detection of the 13 assays is between 1 and 10 genomic copies. Their repeatability and reproducibility comply with the European requirements. As a preliminary feasibility study on food, the CoSYPS Path E. coli system was subsequently evaluated on four food matrices artificially contaminated with pathogenic E. coli. It allowed the detection of an initial contamination level as low as 2 to 7 cfu of STEC/25 g of food matrix after 24 h of enrichment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Barbau-Piednoir
- Scientific Service Foodborne Pathogens, Scientific Institute of Public Health, J. Wytsmanstraat 14, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium
- Platform Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Scientific Institute of Public Health, J. Wytsmanstraat 14, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sarah Denayer
- Scientific Service Foodborne Pathogens, Scientific Institute of Public Health, J. Wytsmanstraat 14, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nadine Botteldoorn
- Scientific Service Foodborne Pathogens, Scientific Institute of Public Health, J. Wytsmanstraat 14, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Katelijne Dierick
- Scientific Service Foodborne Pathogens, Scientific Institute of Public Health, J. Wytsmanstraat 14, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sigrid C J De Keersmaecker
- Platform Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Scientific Institute of Public Health, J. Wytsmanstraat 14, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nancy H Roosens
- Platform Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Scientific Institute of Public Health, J. Wytsmanstraat 14, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium.
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Sanches LA, Gomes MDS, Teixeira RHF, Cunha MPV, Oliveira MGXD, Vieira MAM, Gomes TAT, Knobl T. Captive wild birds as reservoirs of enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) and Shiga-toxin producing E. coli (STEC). Braz J Microbiol 2017; 48:760-763. [PMID: 28619663 PMCID: PMC5628295 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Psittacine birds have been identified as reservoirs of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli, a subset of pathogens associated with mortality of children in tropical countries. The role of other orders of birds as source of infection is unclear. The aim of this study was to perform the molecular diagnosis of infection with diarrheagenic E. coli in 10 different orders of captive wild birds in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Fecal samples were analyzed from 516 birds belonging to 10 orders: Accipitriformes, Anseriformes, Columbiformes, Falconiformes, Galliformes, Passeriformes, Pelecaniformes, Piciformes, Psittaciformes and Strigiformes. After isolation, 401 E. coli strains were subjected to multiplex PCR system with amplification of genes eae and bfp (EPEC), stx1 and stx2 for STEC. The results of these tests revealed 23/401 (5.74%) positive strains for eae gene, 16/401 positive strains for the bfp gene (3.99%) and 3/401 positive for stx2 gene (0.75%) distributed among the orders of Psittaciformes, Strigiformes and Columbiformes. None of strains were positive for stx1 gene. These data reveal the infection by STEC, typical and atypical EPEC in captive birds. The frequency of these pathotypes is low and restricted to few orders, but the data suggest the potential public health risk that these birds represent as reservoirs of diarrheagenic E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Aparecida Sanches
- Departamento de Patologia. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marcos Paulo Vieira Cunha
- Departamento de Patologia. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Mônica Aparecida Midolli Vieira
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tânia Aparecida Tardelli Gomes
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Terezinha Knobl
- Departamento de Patologia. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil.
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Farfán-García AE, Ariza-Rojas SC, Vargas-Cárdenas FA, Vargas-Remolina LV. [Virulence mechanisms of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli]. Rev Chilena Infectol 2017; 33:438-450. [PMID: 27905628 DOI: 10.4067/s0716-10182016000400009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute diarrheal disease (ADD) is a global public health problem, especially in developing countries and is one of the causes of mortality in children under five. ADD etiologic agents include viruses, bacteria and parasites in that order. Escherichia coli bacteria it is classified as a major diarrheagenic agent and transmitted by consuming contaminated water or undercooked foods. This review compiled updates on information virulence factors and pathogenic mechanisms involved in adhesion and colonization of seven pathotypes of E. coli called enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC), shigatoxigenic E. coli (STEC), enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) and diffusely-adherent E. coli (DAEC). A final pathotype, adherent-invasive E. coli (AIEC) associated with Crohn's disease was also reviewed. The diarrheagenic pathotypes of E. coli affect different population groups and knowledge of the molecular mechanisms involved in the interaction with the human is important to guide research towards the development of vaccines and new tools for diagnosis and control.
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Gómez-Duarte OG. [Acute diarrheal disease caused by enteropathogenic Escherichia coli in Colombia]. Rev Chilena Infectol 2015; 31:577-86. [PMID: 25491457 DOI: 10.4067/s0716-10182014000500010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal Escherichia coli pathogens are leading causes of acute diarrheal disease in children less than 5 years in Latin America, Africa and Asia and a leading cause of death in children living in poorest communities in Africa and South East Asia. Studies on the role of E. coli pathogens in childhood diarrhea in Colombia and other countries in Latin America are limited due to the lack of detection assays in clinical laboratories at the main urban medical centers. Recent studies report that enterotoxigenic E. coli is the most common E. coli pathogens associated with diarrhea in children less than 5 years of age. Other E. coli pathotypes have been detected in children with diarrhea including enteropathogenic, enteroaggregative, shiga-toxin producing and diffusely adherent E. coli. It was also found that meat and vegetables at retail stores are contaminated with Shiga-toxin producing E. coli and enteroaggregative E. coli, suggesting that food products are involved in transmission and infection of the susceptible host. More studies are necessary to evaluate the mechanisms of transmission, the impact on the epidemiology of diarrheal disease, and management strategies and prevention of these pathogens affecting the pediatric population in Colombia.
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Singh P, Sha Q, Lacher DW, Del Valle J, Mosci RE, Moore JA, Scribner KT, Manning SD. Characterization of enteropathogenic and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in cattle and deer in a shared agroecosystem. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2015; 5:29. [PMID: 25883908 PMCID: PMC4381715 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2015.00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is an important foodborne pathogen. Cattle are suggested to be an important reservoir for STEC; however, these pathogens have also been isolated from other livestock and wildlife. In this study we sought to investigate transmission of STEC, enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) and enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) between cattle and white-tailed deer in a shared agroecosystem. Cattle feces were collected from 100 animals in a Michigan dairy farm in July 2012, while 163 deer fecal samples were collected during two sampling periods (March and June). The locations of deer fecal pellets were recorded via geographic information system mapping and microsatellite multi-locus genotyping was used to link the fecal samples to individual deer at both time points. Following subculture to sorbitol MacConkey agar and STEC CHROMagar, the pathogens were characterized by serotyping, stx profiling, and PCR-based fingerprinting; multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was performed on a subset. STEC and EHEC were cultured from 12 to 16% of cattle, respectively, and EPEC was found in 36%. Deer were significantly less likely to have a pathogen in March vs. June where the frequency of STEC, EHEC, and EPEC was 1, 6, and 22%, respectively. PCR fingerprinting and MLST clustered the cattle- and deer-derived strains together in a phylogenetic tree. Two STEC strains recovered from both animal species shared MLST and fingerprinting profiles, thereby providing evidence of interspecies transmission and highlighting the importance of wildlife species in pathogen shedding dynamics and persistence in the environment and cattle herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Singh
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Qiong Sha
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - David W Lacher
- Division of Molecular Biology, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration Laurel, MD, USA
| | - Jacquelyn Del Valle
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Rebekah E Mosci
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Jennifer A Moore
- Biology Department, Grand Valley State University Allendale, MI, USA
| | - Kim T Scribner
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Shannon D Manning
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University East Lansing, MI, USA
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Gómez-Aldapa CA, Rangel-Vargas E, Bautista-De León H, Castro-Rosas J. Presence of non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli, enterotoxigenic E. coli, enteropathogenic E. coli and Salmonella in fresh beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) juice from public markets in Mexico. J Sci Food Agric 2014; 94:2705-2711. [PMID: 24676688 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2013] [Revised: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unpasteurized juice has been associated with foodborne illness outbreaks for many years. Beetroot is a vegetable grown all over the world in temperate areas. In Mexico beetroot is consumed cooked in salads or raw as fresh unpasteurized juices. No data about the microbiological quality or safety of unpasteurized beetroot juices are available. Indicator bacteria, diarrheagenic Escherichia coli pathotypes (DEP) and Salmonella frequencies were determined for fresh unpasteurized beetroot juice from restaurants. RESULTS One hundred unpasteurized beetroot juice samples were collected from public markets in Pachuca, Mexico. Frequencies in these samples were 100%, 75%, 53%, 9% and 4% of positive samples, for coliform bacteria, fecal coliforms, E. coli, DEP and Salmonella, respectively. Identified DEP included enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) and non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC). Identified Salmonella serotypes included Typhimurium and Enteritidis. CONCLUSION This is the first report of microbiological quality and atypical EPEC, ETEC, non-O157 STEC and Salmonella isolation from fresh raw beetroot juice in Mexico. Fresh raw beetroot juice from markets is very probably an important factor contributing to the endemicity of atypical EPEC, ETEC, non-O157 STEC and Salmonella-related gastroenteritis in Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Gómez-Aldapa
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas. Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Centro Universitario, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, CP 42183, México
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Puño-Sarmiento J, Gazal LE, Medeiros LP, Nishio EK, Kobayashi RKT, Nakazato G. Identification of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli strains from avian organic fertilizers. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2014; 11:8924-39. [PMID: 25170683 PMCID: PMC4198998 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph110908924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Brazilian poultry industry generates large amounts of organic waste, such as chicken litter, which is often used in agriculture. Among the bacteria present in organic fertilizer are members of the Enterobacteriaceae family. The objective of this study was to detect the presence of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) strains in avian organic fertilizer, and assess the potential damage they can cause in humans due to antimicrobial resistance. The presence of DEC pathotypes and phylogenetic groups were detected by multiplex-PCR. Phenotypic assays, such as tests for adhesion, cytotoxicity activity, biofilm formation and especially antimicrobial susceptibility, were performed. Fifteen DEC strains from 64 E. coli were isolated. Among these, four strains were classified as enteropathogenic (EPEC; 6.2%), three strains as Shiga toxin-producing (STEC; 4.7%), 10 strains as enteroaggregative (EAEC; 12.5%), but two of these harbored the eaeA gene too. The low number of isolated strains was most likely due to the composting process, which reduces the number of microorganisms. These strains were able to adhere to HEp-2 and HeLa cells and produce Shiga-toxins and biofilms; in addition, some of the strains showed antimicrobial resistance, which indicates a risk of the transfer of resistance genes to human E. coli. These results showed that DEC strains isolated from avian organic fertilizers can cause human infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Puño-Sarmiento
- Department of Microbiology, Center of Biological Sciences, University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná CP 6001, Brazil
| | - Luis Eduardo Gazal
- Department of Microbiology, Center of Biological Sciences, University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná CP 6001, Brazil.
| | - Leonardo P Medeiros
- Department of Microbiology, Center of Biological Sciences, University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná CP 6001, Brazil.
| | - Erick K Nishio
- Department of Microbiology, Center of Biological Sciences, University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná CP 6001, Brazil.
| | - Renata K T Kobayashi
- Department of Microbiology, Center of Biological Sciences, University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná CP 6001, Brazil.
| | - Gerson Nakazato
- Department of Microbiology, Center of Biological Sciences, University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná CP 6001, Brazil.
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Caravelli A, Luz DE, Andrade FB, Moraes CTP, Maranhão AQ, Piazza RMF. Sensitive and specific detection of enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli using recombinant anti-intimin antibody by immunofluorescence assay. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2013; 77:301-3. [PMID: 24095642 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2013.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The main and common virulence factor expressed by enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) and enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) is intimin, a 94-kDa outer membrane protein, which is a product of the eae gene, and, thus, an excellent target for the detection of these pathogens. Among the methods for detection of virulence factor expression, immunoassays can be considered the first alternative to either animal use or in vitro culture cells assays, for which polyclonal and/or monoclonal antibodies are raised. In the present work, we evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of an intimin recombinant antibody (scFv-intimin) using immunofluorescence assay. The scFv-intimin detected typical EPEC, atypical EPEC, and EHEC isolates (100% sensitivity) with no detection of eae- isolates (100% specificity). Thus, immunofluorescence is an effective and rapid method, and scFv-intimin, an excellent tool for the diagnosis of diarrhea caused by EPEC and EHEC and also can be employed in case-control epidemiological surveys.
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Pourakbari B, Heydari H, Mahmoudi S, Sabouni F, Teymuri M, Ferdosian F, Ashtiani MTH, Mamishi S. Diarrhoeagenic E. coli pathotypes in children with and without diarrhoea in an Iranian referral paediatrics centre. East Mediterr Health J 2013; 19:617-621. [PMID: 24975306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli can be considered as the most important etiologic agents of diarrhoea in the Islamic Republic of Iran, particularly in children. This study determined the frequency of diarrhoeagenic E. coli isolates collected from children with acute diarrhoea (n = 50) and a control group (n = 50) at an Iranian referral paediatric centre during a 1-year period. Using multiplex PCR, diarrhoeagenic E. coli was identified in 90% ofthe case group and 20% of controls. Enterotoxigenic E coli was the most frequently identified pathotype in both groups (26% in cases; 10% in controls). Shiga toxin-producing E. coli was the second most isolated pathotype (17%), followed by enteroaggregative E. coli (12%). No enteroinvasive E. coli and enteropathogenic E. coli strains were recovered. More than 80% of isolates harboured the fimH gene. This high proportion of diarrhoeagenic E. coli and diversity of E. coli types highlights the need for enhanced surveillance of gastroenteritis agents in children in this country.
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Duda-Madej A, Gościniak G, Andrzejewska B, Duda AK, Sobieszczańska B. Association of untypeable enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) strains with persistent diarrhea in children from the region of lower Silesia in Poland. Pol J Microbiol 2013; 62:461-464. [PMID: 24730144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli strains (EPEC) carrying the eae gene encoding intimin are divided into typical strains producing bundle forming pili, encoded by the bfpA gene, and atypical strains lacking the gene. In the study typical and atypical EPEC that did not agglutinated with EPEC polyvalent antisera but carrying virulence factors characteristic to other pathogenic E. coli i.e. diffusely adhering and enteroaggregative E. coli were isolated from 24 (43.6%) of 55 children > 10 years old with persistent diarrhea. These results indicated that non-typeable typical and atypical EPEC can contribute to chronic intestinal infections in teenagers.
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Nara JM, Pimenta DC, Abe CM, Abreu PAE, Moraes CTP, Freitas NC, Elias WP, Piazza RMF. Low-molecular mass comparative proteome of four atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli isolates showing different adherence patterns. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2012; 35:539-49. [PMID: 22768807 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2012.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Revised: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (aEPEC) are heterogeneous in terms of serotypes, adherence patterns and the presence of non-locus of enterocyte effacement virulence factors. In this study, the low-molecular mass proteomes of four representative aEPEC, comprising three different adhesion phenotypes (localized-like, aggregative and diffuse) and one non-adherent isolate, were analyzed and compared by 2D gel electrophoresis and LC-MS/MS. By mass spectrometry, a total of 59 proteins were identified according to their annotated function, with most of them being involved in metabolism, protection, and transport; some of them still classified as hypothetical proteins. Thus, in this comparative proteomic analysis of low-molecular mass extracted proteins from different aEPEC isolates, the proteins identified are mainly involved in key metabolic pathways. Also, the majority of the hypothetical and filamentous proteins identified in the isolates studied are products of genes originally identified in the genome of enterohemorrhagic E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia M Nara
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brazil, 1500, 05503-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Rajendran P, Ajjampur SSR, Chidambaram D, Chandrabose G, Thangaraj B, Sarkar R, Samuel P, Rajan DP, Kang G. Pathotypes of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli in children attending a tertiary care hospital in South India. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2011; 68:117-22. [PMID: 20846583 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2010.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2010] [Revised: 05/29/2010] [Accepted: 06/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) in children under 5 years was studied in children with diarrhea and controls in South India. Four polymerase chain reaction (PCR) "schemes" were used to detect genes of the 6 pathotypes of DEC. In 394 children with diarrhea, 203 (52%) DEC infections were found. Among the 198 controls, 126 (63%) DEC infections were found. Enteroaggregative E. coli was the most common pathotype by multiplex PCR both in cases (58, 14.7%) and controls (47, 23.7%), followed by enteropathogenic E. coli seen in 10% cases and 8% of controls. Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC), and diffusely adherent E. coli (DAEC) were found in 4.1%, 2.0%, 1.0%, and 0.5% of cases, respectively. ETEC was found in 2.5% of controls, but EHEC, EIEC, and DAEC were not detected. Overall, no single assay worked well, but by discounting genes with a pathogenicity index of less than 1, it was possible to use the PCR assays to identify DEC in 75/394 (19%) cases and 12/198 (6.1%) controls, while mixed infection could be identified in 8/394 (2%) cases and 2/198 (1%) controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Rajendran
- Department of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
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Miyajima Y, Matui Y, Adachi R, Yamamoto K, Saito T, Kobayashi G, Saito M, Tanabe J. Serotyping and molecular characterization of eae-positive Escherichia coli isolated in a gastroenteritis outbreak. Jpn J Infect Dis 2011; 64:351-352. [PMID: 21788717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Miyajima
- Niigata City Institute of Public Health and Environment, Niigata 950-2023, Japan.
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Amisano G, Fornasero S, Migliaretti G, Caramello S, Tarasco V, Savino F. Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli in acute gastroenteritis in infants in North-West Italy. New Microbiol 2011; 34:45-51. [PMID: 21344146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2010] [Accepted: 08/10/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli may cause diarrhoea in infancy, but it is not routinely detected and regarded as a major causative agent. The aim of the present study was to estimate the incidence of enteropathogenic E. coli infection and to investigate its epidemiology and pathogenesis from faecal specimens in infants hospitalized for acute gastroenteritis. Between March 2008 and June 2009, faecal samples were collected and examined to recognize diarrhoeal aetiology, especially for E. coli, by cultural identification and multiplex-PCR. E. coli were isolated in 75 of 160 collected samples (46,88%); 10 samples of which (6,3%) had been positively recognised for pathogenic genes. Data showed that the presence of diarrheagenic E. coli infection was 6.3%, but it becomes 5% considering E. coli as a unique agent responsible for diarrhoea. The datum is not statistically meaningful because of the small sample (p>0,05). Bacterial pathogens were also isolated in 60 samples (37,5% of the total collected samples): 15 Salmonella spp., 8 Klebsiella pneumoniae, 9 Klebsiella oxytoca, 11 Citrobacter freundii, 5 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 2 Serratia spp., 7 Enterobacter cloacae, 1 Shigella spp., 2 Campylobacter spp. Rotavirus was the predominant pathogenic single etiologic agent identified. It was found in 35 samples (21.88% of the overall collected samples), while Adenovirus, serotypes 40 or 41, was isolated in 2 samples (1.3%). Rotavirus infection was found predominantly in winter with respect to autumn. Data provide an interesting epidemiologic survey of enteropathogenic E. coli, which is not usually detected, although it may have potential clinical implications. ABBREVIATIONS CDEC, detaching E. coli; DAEC, diffusely adherent E. coli; EAggEC, enteroaggregative E. coli; EHEC, enterohaemorrhagic E. coli; EIEC, enteroinvasive E. coli; EPEC, enteropathogenic E. coli; ETEC, enterotoxigenic E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Amisano
- Department of Public Health and Microbiology, University of Turin, Italy.
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20
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Moura RA, Sircili MP, Leomil L, Matté MH, Trabulsi LR, Elias WP, Irino K, Pestana de Castro AF. Clonal relationship among atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli strains isolated from different animal species and humans. Appl Environ Microbiol 2009; 75:7399-408. [PMID: 19801470 PMCID: PMC2786407 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00636-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Forty-nine typical and atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) strains belonging to different serotypes and isolated from humans, pets (cats and dogs), farm animals (bovines, sheep, and rabbits), and wild animals (monkeys) were investigated for virulence markers and clonal similarity by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). The virulence markers analyzed revealed that atypical EPEC strains isolated from animals have the potential to cause diarrhea in humans. A close clonal relationship between human and animal isolates was found by MLST and PFGE. These results indicate that these animals act as atypical EPEC reservoirs and may represent sources of infection for humans. Since humans also act as a reservoir of atypical EPEC strains, the cycle of mutual infection of atypical EPEC between animals and humans, mainly pets and their owners, cannot be ruled out since the transmission dynamics between the reservoirs are not yet clearly understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo A. Moura
- Laboratory of Human and Veterinary Bacteriology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, Laboratory of Bacteriology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, Laboratory of Public Health, Public Health School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo P. Sircili
- Laboratory of Human and Veterinary Bacteriology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, Laboratory of Bacteriology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, Laboratory of Public Health, Public Health School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciana Leomil
- Laboratory of Human and Veterinary Bacteriology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, Laboratory of Bacteriology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, Laboratory of Public Health, Public Health School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Helena Matté
- Laboratory of Human and Veterinary Bacteriology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, Laboratory of Bacteriology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, Laboratory of Public Health, Public Health School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz R. Trabulsi
- Laboratory of Human and Veterinary Bacteriology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, Laboratory of Bacteriology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, Laboratory of Public Health, Public Health School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Waldir P. Elias
- Laboratory of Human and Veterinary Bacteriology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, Laboratory of Bacteriology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, Laboratory of Public Health, Public Health School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Kinue Irino
- Laboratory of Human and Veterinary Bacteriology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, Laboratory of Bacteriology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, Laboratory of Public Health, Public Health School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio F. Pestana de Castro
- Laboratory of Human and Veterinary Bacteriology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, Laboratory of Bacteriology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, Laboratory of Public Health, Public Health School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Corresponding author. Mailing address: Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Avenida Prof. Lineu Prestes 1374, 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Phone: 5511 3091-7298. Fax: 5511 3091-7354. E-mail:
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Abe CM, Trabulsi LR, Blanco J, Blanco M, Dahbi G, Blanco JE, Mora A, Franzolin MR, Taddei CR, Martinez MB, Piazza RMF, Elias WP. Virulence features of atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli identified by the eae+ EAF-negative stx− genetic profile. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2009; 64:357-65. [PMID: 19442475 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2009.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2009] [Revised: 03/09/2009] [Accepted: 03/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia M Abe
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, 055030-900 São Paulo, Brazil
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Regua-Mangia AH, Andrade JRC, Gonzalez AGM, Zahner V, Cerqueira AMF, Teixeira LM. Genetic relatedness of a non-motile variant O157 enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) strain and E. coli strains belonging to pathogenic related groups. Microbiol Res 2008; 163:225-33. [PMID: 16815695 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2006.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/22/2006] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The study was undertaken to determine the clonal relationship and the genetic diversity among Escherichia coli isolates by comparing a non-motile O157 variant with three O157:H7 EHEC isolates and one O55:H7 enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) strain. E. coli strains were characterized by sorbitol phenotype, multilocus enzyme electrophoresis, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, random amplification polymorphic DNA, and the presence of specific virulence genes (stx, E-hly and LEE genes). Sorbitol fermentation was observed in O157:H- (strain 116I), O55:H7 and O157:H7 (strain GC148) serotypes. stx1 or stx2 and E-hly genes were only detected among O157:H7 isolates. LEE typing revealed specific allele distribution: eaegamma, tirgamma, espAgamma, espBgamma associated with EPEC O55:H7 and EHEC O157:H7 strains (B1/1 and EDL 933), eaealpha, tiralpha, espAalpha, espBalpha related to the 116I O157:H- strain and the GC148 strain presented non-typable LEE sequences. Multilocus enzyme profiles revealed two main clusters associated with specific LEE pathotypes. E. coli strains were discriminated by random amplification of polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis methodologies. The molecular approaches used in this study allowed the determination of the genetic relatedness among E. coli strains as well as the detection of lineage specific group markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Regua-Mangia
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Leopoldo Bulhões, 1480, Manguinhos, 21041-210, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Cookson AL, Bennett J, Thomson-Carter F, Attwood GT. Molecular subtyping and genetic analysis of the enterohemolysin gene (ehxA) from Shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli and atypical enteropathogenic E. coli. Appl Environ Microbiol 2007; 73:6360-9. [PMID: 17720842 PMCID: PMC2075064 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00316-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2007] [Accepted: 08/09/2007] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Analyses of the distribution of virulence factors among different Escherichia coli pathotypes, including Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC), may provide some insight into the mechanisms by which different E. coli strains cause disease and the evolution of distinct E. coli types. The aim of this study was to examine the DNA sequence of the gene for enterohemolysin, a plasmid-encoded toxin that readily causes the hemolysis of washed sheep erythrocytes, and to assess the distribution of enterohemolysin subtypes among E. coli isolates from various human and animal sources. The 2,997-bp ehxA gene was amplified from 227 (63.8%) of 356 stx- and/or eae-positive E. coli strains isolated from cattle and sheep and from 24 (96.0%) of 25 STEC strains isolated from humans with diarrheal disease. By using PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of ehxA, six distinct PCR-RFLP types (A to F) were observed, with strains of subtypes A and C constituting 91.6% of all the ehxA-positive strains. Subtype A was associated mainly with ovine strains with stx only (P < 0.001), and subtype C was associated with bovine eae-positive strains (P < 0.001). Eleven ehxA alleles were fully sequenced, and the phylogenetic analysis indicated the presence of three closely related (>95.0%) ehxA sequence groups, one including eae-positive strains (subtypes B, C, E, and F) and the other two including mainly eae-negative STEC strains (subtypes A and D). In addition to being widespread among STEC strains, stx-negative, eae-positive strains (atypical enteropathogenic E. coli strains) isolated from cattle and sheep have similar ehxA subtypes and hemolytic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian L Cookson
- Food, Metabolism and Microbiology Section, Food and Health Group, AgResearch, Grasslands Research Centre, Tennent Drive, Private Bag 11008, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
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Yang JR, Wu FT, Tsai JL, Mu JJ, Lin LF, Chen KL, Kuo SHS, Chiang CS, Wu HS. Comparison between O serotyping method and multiplex real-time PCR to identify diarrheagenic Escherichia coli in Taiwan. J Clin Microbiol 2007; 45:3620-5. [PMID: 17728475 PMCID: PMC2168529 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00596-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To compare the diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) identifications obtained between traditional O serotyping and modern virulence gene detection assays, we developed a multiplex real-time PCR assay by detecting six specific virulence genes for enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), and enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC). Among 261 clinical diarrheal stool samples, a total of 137 suspected DEC (sDEC) isolates were identified by the use of commercially available antisera. The most prevalent serogroups were O1 (12/137; 8.7%), O25 (9/137; 6.5%), and O44 (9/137; 6.5%). The specific virulence genes for the 137 sDEC isolates were analyzed by the multiplex real-time PCR assay. Fifteen (10.9%) of 137 isolates were confirmed to be true DEC strains, indicating that the serotypic markers did not correlate with the specific virulence genes. ETEC (66.7%) was the most prevalent, followed by EIEC (20%) and EPEC (13.3%). No EHEC strains were identified in the specimens. Four novel serotypes were found in the study: two in EPEC strains (O111:H9 and O63:H6) and two in EIEC strains (O63:H9 and O169:H9). In conclusion, the real-time PCR assay considerably reduces the high false-positive rate from the use of serotyping alone, and thus, it is suggested that serogrouping-based methods are inadequate for the identification of DEC isolates, although they are useful for the identification of a limited number of serogroups. In addition, ETEC, EPEC, and EIEC strains were present in 5.7% (15/261) of the diarrheal patients in northern Taiwan in 2006.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Rong Yang
- Research and Diagnostic Center, Centers for Disease Control, 161, Kunyang Street, Taipei, Taiwan
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