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Devonshire IM, Burston JJ, Xu L, Lillywhite A, Prior MJ, Watson DJG, Greenspon CM, Iwabuchi SJ, Auer DP, Chapman V. Manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging depicts brain activity in models of acute and chronic pain: A new window to study experimental spontaneous pain? Neuroimage 2017. [PMID: 28633971 PMCID: PMC5607296 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Application of functional imaging techniques to animal models is vital to understand pain mechanisms, but is often confounded by the need to limit movement artefacts with anaesthesia, and a focus on evoked responses rather than clinically relevant spontaneous pain and related hyperalgesia. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential of manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI) to measure neural responses during on-going pain that underpins hyperalgesia in pre-clinical models of nociception. As a proof of concept that MEMRI is sensitive to the neural activity of spontaneous, intermittent behaviour, we studied a separate positive control group undergoing a voluntary running wheel experiment. In the pain models, pain behaviour (weight bearing asymmetry and hindpaw withdrawal thresholds (PWTs)) was measured at baseline and following either intra-articular injection of nerve growth factor (NGF, 10µg/50µl; acute pain model, n=4 rats per group), or the chondrocyte toxin monosodium iodoacetate (MIA, 1mg/50µl; chronic model, n=8 rats per group), or control injection. Separate groups of rats underwent a voluntary wheel running protocol (n=8 rats per group). Rats were administered with paramagnetic ion Mn2+ as soluble MnCl2 over seven days (subcutaneous osmotic pump) to allow cumulative activity-dependent neural accumulation in the models of pain, or over a period of running. T1-weighted MR imaging at 7T was performed under isoflurane anaesthesia using a receive-only rat head coil in combination with a 72mm volume coil for excitation. The pain models resulted in weight bearing asymmetry (NGF: 20.0 ± 5.2%, MIA: 15 ± 3%), and a reduction in PWT in the MIA model (8.3 ± 1.5g) on the final day of assessment before undergoing MR imaging. Voxel-wise and region-based analysis of MEMRI data did not identify group differences in T1 signal. However, MnCl2 accumulation in the VTA, right Ce amygdala, and left cingulate was negatively correlated with pain responses (greater differences in weight bearing), similarly MnCl2 accumulation was reduced in the VTA in line with hyperalgesia (lower PWTs), which suggests reduced regional activation as a result of the intensity and duration of pain experienced during the 7 days of MnCl2 exposure. Motor cortex T1-weighted signal increase was associated with the distance ran in the wheel running study, while no between group difference was seen. Our data suggest that on-going pain related signal changes identified using MEMRI offers a new window to study the neural underpinnings of spontaneous pain in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- I M Devonshire
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, UK; School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - J J Burston
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, UK; School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - L Xu
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, UK; School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - A Lillywhite
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, UK; School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - M J Prior
- Medical Imaging Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - D J G Watson
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - C M Greenspon
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - S J Iwabuchi
- Medical Imaging Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, UK; Neuroradiology, Nottingham University Hospitals Trust, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - D P Auer
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, UK; Medical Imaging Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, UK; Neuroradiology, Nottingham University Hospitals Trust, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - V Chapman
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, UK; School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, UK.
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Young IC, Chuang ST, Gefen A, Kuo WT, Yang CT, Hsu CH, Lin FH. A novel compressive stress-based osteoarthritis-like chondrocyte system. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2017; 242:1062-1071. [PMID: 28492349 DOI: 10.1177/1535370217699534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical stress damage and insufficient self-repair can contribute to osteoarthritis (OA) in the affected joint. As the effects of stress on chondrocyte metabolism can regulate cartilage homeostasis, the specific stress-response condition is therefore a key to the generation of an OA disease model. We aimed to produce a specific stress- and cell-based OA model after evaluating the metabolic responses of chondrocytes in response to a series of static and cyclic compression stressors. A static load exceeding 40 psi initiated extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation through a decrease in the sulphated-glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content, upregulation of catabolic matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 encoding gene expression, and downregulation of the ECM-related aggrecan and type II collagen encoding genes within 24 h. Indicators of pro-inflammatory events and oxidative stress were found to correlate with increased IL-6 expression and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, respectively. However, chondrocytes stimulated by moderate cyclic loading (30-40 psi) exhibited increased ECM-related gene expression without significant changes in catabolic and pro-inflammatory gene expression. BMP-7 expression increased at cyclic loading levels above 30-60 psi. These results demonstrated that static compression exceeding 60 psi is sufficient to produce OA-like chondrocytes that exhibit signs of ECM degradation and inflammation. These OA-like chondrocytes could therefore be used as a novel cell-based drug screening system. Impact statement The lack of an effective treatment for osteoarthritis (OA) reflects the great need for alternative therapies and drug discovery. Disease models can be used for early-stage compound screening and disease studies. Chondrocytes are solely responsible for the maintenance of the articular cartilage extracellular matrix. Our strategy involved the generation of a cell-based model of OA, a more readily studied disease. Instead of using animal cartilage explants, we incorporated isolated porcine chondrocytes with hydrogel to form three-dimensional assemblies. We could identify the specific magnitude-dependent metabolic responses of chondrocytes by applying a series of static and cyclic compression, and therefore successfully generated a novel OA-like cell-based model for drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Chi Young
- 1 Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10672, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Ting Chuang
- 2 Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
| | - Amit Gefen
- 3 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Wei-Ting Kuo
- 1 Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10672, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ting Yang
- 1 Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10672, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsien Hsu
- 4 Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institute, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Huei Lin
- 1 Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10672, Taiwan
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Young IC, Chuang ST, Hsu CH, Sun YJ, Liu HC, Chen YS, Lin FH. Protective effects of aucubin on osteoarthritic chondrocyte model induced by hydrogen peroxide and mechanical stimulus. Altern Ther Health Med 2017; 17:91. [PMID: 28153003 PMCID: PMC5288878 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1581-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background During the onset of osteoarthritis (OA), certain biochemical events have been shown to accelerate cartilage degradation, including the dysregulation of cartilage ECM anabolism, abnormal generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and overproduction of proteolytic enzymes and inflammatory cytokines. The potency of aucubin in protecting cellular components against oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis effects are well documented, which makes it a potential candidate for OA treatment. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the protective benefits of aucubin against OA using H2O2 and compression induced OA-like chondrocyte models. Methods The effects of aucubin were studied in porcine chondrocytes after 1 mM H2O2 stimulation for 30 min or sustained compression for 24 h. Effects of aucubin on cell proliferation and cytotoxicity of chondrocytes were measured with WST-1 and LDH assays. ROS production was evaluated by the Total ROS/Superoxide Detection Kit. Caspase-3 activity was evaluated by the CaspACE assay system. The levels of apoptosis were evaluated by the Annexin V-FITC apoptosis detection kit. OA-related gene expression was measured by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Total DNA quantification was evaluated by the DNeasy Blood and Tissue kit. Sulfated-glycosaminoglycans (sGAGs) production and content were evaluated by DMMB assay and Alcian blue staining. Results The results showed that the ROS scavenge effects of aucubin appeared after 1 h of pretreatment. Aucubin could reduce the caspase-3 activity induced by H2O2, and reduced the apoptosis cell population in flowcytometry. In RT-qPCR results, aucubin could maintain ACAN and COL2A1 gene expressions, and prevent IL6 and MMP13 gene up-regulation induced by H2O2 and compression stimulations. In the DMMB assay and Alcian blue staining, aucubin could maintain the sGAG content and protect chondrocytes against compressive stress, but not oxidative stress from H2O2. Conclusions These results indicated that aucubin has protective effects in an osteoarthritic chondrocyte model induced by H2O2 and mechanical stimulus.
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Young IC, Chuang ST, Hsu CH, Sun YJ, Lin FH. C-phycocyanin alleviates osteoarthritic injury in chondrocytes stimulated with H 2 O 2 and compressive stress. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 93:852-859. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.09.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Abstract
Worldwide, osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the leading causes of chronic pain, for which adequate relief is not available. Ongoing peripheral input from the affected joint is a major factor in OA-associated pain. Therefore, this review focuses predominantly on peripheral targets emerging in the preclinical and clinical arena. Nerve growth factor is the most advanced of these targets, and its blockade has shown tremendous promise in clinical trials in knee OA. A number of different types of ion channels, including voltage-gated sodium channels and calcium channels, transient receptor potential channels, and acid-sensing ion channels, are important for neuronal excitability and play a role in pain genesis. Few channel blockers have been tested in preclinical models of OA, with varying results. Finally, we discuss some examples of G-protein coupled receptors, which may offer attractive therapeutic strategies for OA pain, including receptors for bradykinin, calcitonin gene-related peptide, and chemokines. Since many of the pathways described above can be selectively and potently targeted, they offer an exciting opportunity for pain management in OA, either systemically or locally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Malfait
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W Harrison Street, Suite 510, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - Richard J Miller
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Robert H. Lurie Medical Research Center, 303 E. Superior, Chicago, IL, 60613, USA
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Nwosu LN, Mapp PI, Chapman V, Walsh DA. Relationship between structural pathology and pain behaviour in a model of osteoarthritis (OA). Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2016; 24:1910-1917. [PMID: 27349460 PMCID: PMC5081684 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2016.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To address the hypothesis that different types of established osteoarthritis (OA) pain behaviours have associations with different aspects of articular pathology, we investigated the relationship between structural knee joint pathology and pain behaviour following injection of a low vs a high dose of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) in the rat. METHODS Rats received a single intra-articular injection of 0.1 mg or 1 mg MIA or saline (control). Pain behaviour (hind limb weight bearing asymmetry (WB) and hindpaw withdrawal threshold (PWT) to punctate stimulation) was assessed. Cartilage and synovium were examined by macroscopic visualisation of articular surfaces and histopathology. RESULTS Both doses of MIA lowered PWTs, 1 mg MIA also resulted in WB asymmetry. Both doses were associated with cartilage macroscopic appearance, proteoglycan loss, abnormal chondrocyte morphology, increased numbers of vessels crossing the osteochondral junction, synovitis and macrophage infiltration into the synovium. PWTs were more strongly associated with chondrocyte morphology, synovitis and macrophage infiltration than with loss of cartilage surface integrity. CONCLUSIONS Both pain behaviours were associated with OA structural severity and synovitis. Differences in pain phenotype following low vs higher dose of MIA were identified despite similar structural pathology. OA structural pathology as traditionally measured only partially explains the MIA-induced pain phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- L N Nwosu
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, Clinical Sciences Building, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK; School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, UK.
| | - P I Mapp
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, Clinical Sciences Building, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK; School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - V Chapman
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, Clinical Sciences Building, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK; School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - D A Walsh
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, Clinical Sciences Building, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK; School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, UK
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Xu L, Nwosu L, Burston J, Millns P, Sagar D, Mapp P, Meesawatsom P, Li L, Bennett A, Walsh D, Chapman V. The anti-NGF antibody muMab 911 both prevents and reverses pain behaviour and subchondral osteoclast numbers in a rat model of osteoarthritis pain. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2016; 24:1587-95. [PMID: 27208420 PMCID: PMC5009895 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2016.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nerve growth factor (NGF) has a pivotal role in peripheral hyperalgesia and inflammation; anti-NGF antibodies attenuate pain responses in inflammatory pain models, and in people with osteoarthritis (OA) or low back pain. The aim of this study was to characterise the peripheral mechanisms contributing to the analgesic effects of anti-NGF antibody treatment in an established model of joint pain, which mimics key clinical features of OA. DESIGN Effects of preventative vs therapeutic treatment with an anti-NGF antibody (monoclonal antibody 911: muMab 911 (10 mg/kg, s.c.)) on pain behaviour (weight bearing asymmetry and hindpaw withdrawal thresholds (PWT)), cartilage damage, synovitis and numbers of subchondral osteoclasts were investigated in the monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) model. Potential direct effects of NGF on receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) mediated osteoclastogenesis were investigated in cultured human osteoclasts. RESULTS Intra-articular MIA injection resulted in significant pain behaviour, cartilage damage, synovitis and increased numbers of subchondral osteoclasts. Both preventative and therapeutic treatment with muMab 911 significantly prevented, or reversed, MIA-induced pain behaviour, but did not alter cartilage or synovial pathology quantified at the end of the treatment period. NGF did not facilitate RANKL driven osteoclast differentiation in vitro, but preventative or therapeutic muMab 911 reduced numbers of TRAP positive osteoclasts in the subchondral bone. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that anti-NGF antibody treatment attenuates OA pain behaviour despite permitting cartilage damage and synovitis. Indirect effects on subchondral bone remodelling may contribute to the analgesic effects of NGF blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Xu
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK,School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - L.N. Nwosu
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK,School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Clinical Sciences Building, City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK
| | - J.J. Burston
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK,School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - P.J. Millns
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK,School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - D.R. Sagar
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK,School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - P.I. Mapp
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK,School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Clinical Sciences Building, City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK
| | - P. Meesawatsom
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK,School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - L. Li
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK,School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - A.J. Bennett
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK,School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - D.A. Walsh
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK,School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Clinical Sciences Building, City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK
| | - V. Chapman
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK,School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK,Address correspondence and reprint requests to: V. Chapman, Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.Arthritis Research UK Pain CentreUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
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Driscoll C, Chanalaris A, Knights C, Ismail H, Sacitharan PK, Gentry C, Bevan S, Vincent TL. Nociceptive Sensitizers Are Regulated in Damaged Joint Tissues, Including Articular Cartilage, When Osteoarthritic Mice Display Pain Behavior. Arthritis Rheumatol 2016; 68:857-67. [PMID: 26605536 PMCID: PMC4979655 DOI: 10.1002/art.39523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective Pain is the most common symptom of osteoarthritis (OA), yet where it originates in the joint and how it is driven are unknown. The aim of this study was to identify pain‐sensitizing molecules that are regulated in the joint when mice subjected to surgical joint destabilization develop OA‐related pain behavior, the tissues in which these molecules are being regulated, and the factors that control their regulation. Methods Ten‐week‐old mice underwent sham surgery, partial meniscectomy, or surgical destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM). Pain‐related behavior as determined by a variety of methods (testing of responses to von Frey filaments, cold plate testing for cold sensitivity, analgesiometry, incapacitance testing, and forced flexion testing) was assessed weekly. Once pain‐related behavior was established, RNA was extracted from either whole joints or microdissected tissue samples (articular cartilage, meniscus, and bone). Reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction analysis was performed to analyze the expression of 54 genes known to regulate pain sensitization. Cartilage injury assays were performed using avulsed immature hips from wild‐type or genetically modified mice or by explanting articular cartilage from porcine joints preinjected with pharmacologic inhibitors. Levels of nerve growth factor (NGF) protein were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Results Mice developed pain‐related behavior 8 weeks after undergoing partial meniscectomy or 12 weeks after undergoing DMM. NGF, bradykinin receptors B1 and B2, tachykinin, and tachykinin receptor 1 were significantly regulated in the joints of mice displaying pain‐related behavior. Little regulation of inflammatory cytokines, leukocyte activation markers, or chemokines was observed. When tissue samples from articular cartilage, meniscus, and bone were analyzed separately, NGF was consistently regulated in the articular cartilage. The other pain sensitizers were also largely regulated in the articular cartilage, although there were some differences between the 2 models. NGF and tachykinin were strongly regulated by simple mechanical injury of cartilage in vitro in a transforming growth factor β–activated kinase 1–, fibroblast growth factor 2–, and Src kinase–dependent manner. Conclusion Damaged joint tissues produce proalgesic molecules, including NGF, in murine OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Driscoll
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology and University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Heba Ismail
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology and University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | | | - Tonia L Vincent
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology and University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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LaBranche TP, Bendele AM, Omura BC, Gropp KE, Hurst SI, Bagi CM, Cummings TR, Grantham LE, Shelton DL, Zorbas MA. Nerve growth factor inhibition with tanezumab influences weight-bearing and subsequent cartilage damage in the rat medial meniscal tear model. Ann Rheum Dis 2016; 76:295-302. [PMID: 27381034 PMCID: PMC5264211 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-208913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Objective To investigate whether the effects of nerve growth factor (NGF) inhibition with tanezumab on rats with medial meniscal tear (MMT) effectively model rapidly progressive osteoarthritis (RPOA) observed in clinical trials. Methods Male Lewis rats underwent MMT surgery and were treated weekly with tanezumab (0.1, 1 or 10 mg/kg), isotype control or vehicle for 7, 14 or 28 days. Gait deficiency was measured to assess weight-bearing on the operated limb. Joint damage was assessed via histopathology. A second arm, delayed onset of treatment (starting 3–8 weeks after MMT surgery) was used to control for analgesia early in the disease process. A third arm, mid-tibial amputation, evaluated the dependency of the model on weight-bearing. Results Gait deficiency in untreated rats was present 3–7 days after MMT surgery, with a return to normal weight-bearing by days 14–28. Prophylactic treatment with tanezumab prevented gait deficiency and resulted in more severe cartilage damage. When onset of treatment with tanezumab was delayed to 3–8 weeks after MMT surgery, there was no increase in cartilage damage. Mid-tibial amputation completely prevented cartilage damage in untreated MMT rats. Conclusions These data suggest that analgesia due to NGF inhibition during the acute injury phase is responsible for increased voluntary weight-bearing and subsequent cartilage damage in the rat MMT model. This model failed to replicate the hypotrophic bone response observed in tanezumab-treated patients with RPOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy P LaBranche
- Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Blueprint Medicines, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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Ashraf S, Bouhana KS, Pheneger J, Andrews SW, Walsh DA. Selective inhibition of tropomyosin-receptor-kinase A (TrkA) reduces pain and joint damage in two rat models of inflammatory arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2016; 18:97. [PMID: 27145816 PMCID: PMC4857260 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-016-0996-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation is an essential component of arthritis pain. Nerve growth factor (NGF) plays a key role in acute and chronic pain states especially those associated with inflammation. NGF acts through tropomyosin-receptor-kinase A (TrkA). NGF blockade has reduced arthritis pain in clinical trials. We explored the mechanisms within the joint which may contribute to the analgesic effects of NGF by selectively inhibiting TrkA in carrageenan-induced or collagen-induced joint pain behaviour. The goal of the current study was to elucidate whether inflammation is central to the efficacy for NGF blockade. METHODS Rats were injected in their left knees with 2 % carrageenan or saline. Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) was induced by intradermal injections of a mixture of bovine type II collagen (0.2 mg) and incomplete Freund's adjuvant (0.2 mg). Oral doses (30 mg/kg) of AR786 or vehicle control were given twice daily after arthritis induction. Ibuprofen-treated (35 mg/kg, orally, once daily) rats with CIA were used as positive analgesic controls. Pain behaviour was measured as hind-limb weight-bearing asymmetry and hind-paw withdrawal thresholds to von Frey hair stimulation (carrageenan synovitis), or withdrawal to joint compression using a Randall Selitto device (CIA). Inflammation was measured as increased knee joint diameter and by histopathological analysis. RESULTS Intra-articular injections of carrageenan or induction of CIA was each associated with pain behaviour and synovial inflammation. Systemic administration of the TrkA inhibitor AR786 reduced carrageenan-induced or CIA-induced pain behaviour to control values, and inhibited joint swelling and histological evidence of synovial inflammation and joint damage. CONCLUSIONS By using two models of varying inflammation we demonstrate for the first time that selective inhibition of TrkA may reduce carrageenan-induced or CIA-induced pain behaviour in rats, in part through potentially inhibiting synovial inflammation, although direct effects on sensory nerves are also likely. Our observations suggest that inflammatory arthritis causes pain and the presence of inflammation is fundamental to the beneficial effects (reduction in pain and pathology) of NGF blockade. Further research should determine whether TrkA inhibition may ameliorate human inflammatory arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Ashraf
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
| | | | | | | | - David A Walsh
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Yao P, Ding Y, Wang Z, Ma J, Hong T, Zhu Y, Li H, Pan S. Impacts of anti-nerve growth factor antibody on pain-related behaviors and expressions of opioid receptor in spinal dorsal horn and dorsal root ganglia of rats with cancer-induced bone pain. Mol Pain 2016; 12:12/0/1744806916644928. [PMID: 27118770 PMCID: PMC4955994 DOI: 10.1177/1744806916644928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the impacts of anti-nerve growth factor antibody on pain-related behaviors and expressions of μ-opioid receptor in spinal dorsal horn and dorsal root ganglia of rats with cancer-induced bone pain. Methods The rats were randomly grouped and then injected with 10 μl of phosphate buffer saline or Walker256 tumor cells into the upper segment of left tibia. Thirteen days after the injection, the intrathecal catheterization was performed, followed by the injection of saline, anti-nerve growth factor, nerve growth factor, and naloxone twice a day. The pain ethological changes were measured at the set time points; the expression changes of μ-opioid receptor protein and mRNA in spinal dorsal horn and dorsal root ganglia were detected on the 18th day. Results After the tumor cells were injected into the tibia, hyperalgesia appeared and the expression of μ-opioid receptor protein and mRNA in spinal dorsal horn and dorsal root ganglia was increased, compared with the sham group; after intrathecally injected anti-nerve growth factor, the significant antinociceptive effects appeared, and the μ-opioid receptor expression was increased, compared with the cancer pain group; the μ-opioid receptor expressions in the other groups showed no statistical significance. The naloxone pretreatment could mostly inverse the antinociception effects of anti-nerve growth factor. Conclusions Anti-nerve growth factor could reduce hyperalgesia in the cancer-induced bone pain rats, and the antinociceptive effects were related with the upregulation of μ-opioid receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yao
- Department of Pain Management, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ding
- Department of Pain Management, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhibin Wang
- Department of Pain Management, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiaming Ma
- Department of Pain Management, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tao Hong
- Department of Pain Management, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yongqiang Zhu
- Department of Pain Management, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongxi Li
- Department of Pain Management, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shinong Pan
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Segond von Banchet G, König C, Patzer J, Eitner A, Leuchtweis J, Ebbinghaus M, Boettger MK, Schaible HG. Long-Lasting Activation of the Transcription Factor CREB in Sensory Neurons by Interleukin-1β During Antigen-Induced Arthritis in Rats: A Mechanism of Persistent Arthritis Pain? Arthritis Rheumatol 2016; 68:532-41. [PMID: 26473326 DOI: 10.1002/art.39445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In spite of successful treatment of immune-mediated arthritis, many patients still experience pain. We undertook this study to investigate whether antigen-induced arthritis (AIA) in rats triggers neuronal changes in sensory neurons that outlast the inflammatory process. METHODS We induced unilateral AIA in the knee joint and assessed in sensory neurons the expression of CREB, a transcription factor that regulates genes involved in neuronal plasticity. We tested whether neutralization of the effects of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) by etanercept or infliximab or neutralization of the effects of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) by anakinra influences the up-regulation of phospho-CREB, and we studied the up-regulation of phospho-CREB by IL-1β and TNF in cultured dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. RESULTS Unilateral AIA caused bilateral up-regulation of phospho-CREB in lumbar DRG neurons. While inflammation and pain subsided within 21 days, the up-regulation of phospho-CREB still persisted on day 42. At this time point mechanical hyperalgesia at the knee reappeared in the absence of swelling. TNF neutralization during AIA significantly reduced pain-related behavior but did not prevent phospho-CREB up-regulation. In contrast, anakinra, which only reduced thermal hyperalgesia, prevented phospho-CREB up-regulation, suggesting a role of IL-1β in this process. In cultured DRG neurons the application of IL-1β significantly enhanced phospho-CREB. CONCLUSION Immune-mediated arthritis causes neuroplastic changes in sensory neurons that outlast the inflammatory phase. Such changes may facilitate the persistence or recurrence of pain after remission of arthritis. IL-1β is an important trigger in this process, although its neutralization barely reduced mechanical hyperalgesia during inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian König
- Jena University Hospital and Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Jessica Patzer
- Jena University Hospital and Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Annett Eitner
- Jena University Hospital and Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Johannes Leuchtweis
- Jena University Hospital and Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Matthias Ebbinghaus
- Jena University Hospital and Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael K Boettger
- Jena University Hospital and Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Schaible
- Jena University Hospital and Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany
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Jiang Y, Hu C, Yu S, Yan J, Peng H, Ouyang HW, Tuan RS. Cartilage stem/progenitor cells are activated in osteoarthritis via interleukin-1β/nerve growth factor signaling. Arthritis Res Ther 2015; 17:327. [PMID: 26577823 PMCID: PMC4650403 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-015-0840-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and nerve growth factor (NGF) are key regulators in the pathogenesis of inflammatory arthritis; specifically, IL-1β is involved in tissue degeneration and NGF is involved in joint pain. However, the cellular and molecular interactions between IL-1β and NGF in articular cartilage are not known. Cartilage stem/progenitor cells (CSPCs) have recently been identified in osteoarthritic (OA) cartilage on the basis of their migratory properties. Here we hypothesize that IL-1β/NGF signaling is involved in OA cartilage degeneration by targeting CSPCs. METHOD NGF and NGF receptor (NGFR: TrkA and p75NTR) expression in healthy and OA human articular cartilage and isolated chondrocytes was determined by immunostaining, qRT-PCR, flow cytometry and western blot. Articular cartilage derived stem/progenitor cells were collected and identified by stem/progenitor cell characteristics. 3D-cultured CSPC pellets and cartilage explants were treated with NGF and NGF neutralizing antibody, and extracellular matrix changes were examined by sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) release and MMP expression and activity. RESULTS Expression of NGF, TrkA and p75NTR was found to be elevated in human OA cartilage. Cellular changes upon IL-1β and/or NGF treatment were then examined. NGF mRNA and NGFR proteins levels were upregulated in cultured chondrocytes exposed to IL-1β. NGF was chemotactic for cells isolated from OA cartilage. Cells isolated on the basis of their chemotactic migration towards NGF demonstrated stem/progenitor cell characteristics, including colony-forming ability, multi-lineage differentiation potential, and stem cell surface markers. The effects of NGF perturbation in cartilage explants and 3D-cultured CSPCs were next analyzed. NGF treatment resulted in extracellular matrix catabolism indicated by increased sGAG release and MMP expression and activity; conversely, treatment with NGF neutralizing antibody inhibited increased MMP levels, and enhanced tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloprotease-1 (TIMP1) expression in OA cartilage explants. NGF blockade with neutralizing antibody also affected cartilage matrix remodeling in 3D-CSPC pellet cultures. CONCLUSION Our results strongly suggest that NGF signaling is a contributing factor in articular cartilage degeneration in OA, which likely targets a specific subpopulation of progenitor cells, the CSPCs, affecting their migratory and matrix remodeling activities. These findings provide novel cellular/signaling therapeutic targets in osteoarthritic cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangzi Jiang
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219-3143, USA.
| | - Changchang Hu
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
| | - Shuting Yu
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219-3143, USA.
- Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Junwei Yan
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219-3143, USA.
- Current address: Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Hsuan Peng
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219-3143, USA.
- Current address: Berea College, Berea, KY, 40403, USA.
| | - Hong Wei Ouyang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
| | - Rocky S Tuan
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219-3143, USA.
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Miller RE, Tran PB, Sondoqah A, Raghu P, Ishihara S, Miller RJ, Malfait AM. The Role of Peripheral Nociceptive Neurons in the Pathophysiology of Osteoarthritis Pain. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2015; 13:318-26. [PMID: 26233284 PMCID: PMC4596062 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-015-0280-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Knee osteoarthritis is characterized by progressive damage and remodeling of all tissues in the knee joint. Pain is the main symptom associated with knee osteoarthritis. Recent clinical and pre-clinical studies have provided novel insights into the mechanisms that drive the pain associated with joint destruction. In this narrative review, we describe current knowledge regarding the changes in the peripheral and central nervous systems that occur during the progression of osteoarthritis and discuss how therapeutic interventions may provide pain relief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E. Miller
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St, Suite 510, Chicago, IL 60612
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St, Suite 510, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Phuong B. Tran
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St, Suite 510, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Alia Sondoqah
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St, Suite 510, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Padmanabhan Raghu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St, Suite 510, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Shingo Ishihara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St, Suite 510, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Richard J. Miller
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Lurie 8-125, 303 E. Superior St, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Anne-Marie Malfait
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St, Suite 510, Chicago, IL 60612
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St, Suite 510, Chicago, IL 60612
- Corresponding author Anne-Marie Malfait, MD, PhD, Associate Professor of Medicine, , T: 312-563-2925, F: 312-563-2267
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Nwosu LN, Mapp PI, Chapman V, Walsh DA. Blocking the tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrkA) receptor inhibits pain behaviour in two rat models of osteoarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2015; 75:1246-54. [PMID: 26286016 PMCID: PMC4893148 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-207203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrkA) mediates nociceptor sensitisation by nerve growth factor (NGF), but it is unknown whether selective TrkA inhibition will be an effective strategy for treating osteoarthritis (OA) pain. We determined the effects of a TrkA inhibitor (AR786) on pain behaviour, synovitis and joint pathology in two rat OA models. METHODS Knee OA was induced in rats by intra-articular monosodium-iodoacetate (MIA) injection or meniscal transection (MNX) and compared with saline-injected or sham-operated controls. Pain behaviour was assessed as weight-bearing asymmetry and paw withdrawal threshold to punctate stimulation. Oral doses (30 mg/kg) of AR786 or vehicle were administered twice daily in either preventive (day -1 to -27) or treatment (day 14-28) protocols. Effect maintenance was evaluated for 2 weeks after treatment discontinuation. Alterations in knee structure (cartilage, subchondral bone and synovium) were examined by macroscopic visualisation of articular surfaces and histopathology. RESULTS Preventive AR786 treatment inhibited pain behaviour development and therapeutic treatment attenuated established pain behaviour. Weight-bearing asymmetry increased 1 week after treatment discontinuation, but remained less than in vehicle-treated arthritic rats, whereas paw withdrawal thresholds returned to levels of untreated rats within 5 days of treatment discontinuation. AR786 treatment reduced MIA-induced synovitis and did not significantly affect osteochondral pathology in either model. CONCLUSIONS Blocking NGF activity by inhibiting TrkA reduced pain behaviour in two rat models of OA. Analgesia was observed both using preventive and treatment protocols, and was sustained after treatment discontinuation. Selective inhibitors of TrkA therefore hold potential for OA pain relief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian N Nwosu
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Paul I Mapp
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Victoria Chapman
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - David A Walsh
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Walsh DA, Mapp PI, Kelly S. Calcitonin gene-related peptide in the joint: contributions to pain and inflammation. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2015; 80:965-78. [PMID: 25923821 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.12669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Arthritis is the commonest cause of disabling chronic pain, and both osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remain major burdens on both individuals and society. Peripheral release of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) contributes to the vasodilation of acute neurogenic inflammation. Contributions of CGRP to the pain and inflammation of chronic arthritis, however, are only recently being elucidated. Animal models of arthritis are revealing the molecular and pathophysiological events that accompany and lead to progression of both arthritis and pain. Peripheral actions of CGRP in the joint might contribute to both inflammation and joint afferent sensitization. CGRP and its specific receptors are expressed in joint afferents and up-regulated following arthritis induction. Peripheral CGRP release results in activation of synovial vascular cells, through which acute vasodilatation is followed by endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis, key features of chronic inflammation. Local administration of CGRP to the knee also increases mechanosensitivity of joint afferents, mimicking peripheral sensitization seen in arthritic joints. Increased mechanosensitivity in OA knees and pain behaviour can be reduced by peripherally acting CGRP receptor antagonists. Effects of CGRP pathway blockade on arthritic joint afferents, but not in normal joints, suggest contributions to sensitization rather than normal joint nociception. CGRP therefore might make key contributions to the transition from normal to persistent synovitis, and the progression from nociception to sensitization. Targeting CGRP or its receptors within joint tissues to prevent these undesirable transitions during early arthritis, or suppress them in established disease, might prevent persistent inflammation and relieve arthritis pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Walsh
- Professor of Rheumatology, Director Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre University of Nottingham, Clinical Sciences Building, City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham, NG5 1PB
| | - Paul I Mapp
- Research Fellow, Arthritis UK Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, NG5 1PB
| | - Sara Kelly
- Assistant Professor in Neuroscience, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonnington Campus, Nr Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
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Ishikawa G, Koya Y, Tanaka H, Nagakura Y. Long-term analgesic effect of a single dose of anti-NGF antibody on pain during motion without notable suppression of joint edema and lesion in a rat model of osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2015; 23:925-32. [PMID: 25677108 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteoarthritis (OA) patients experience exaggerated pain during movements such as walking. Anti-nerve growth factor (NGF) antibodies have recently shown analgesic effects in OA patients. We examined the effect of a single dose of anti-NGF antibody on pain during motion, joint edema and lesion in a rat model of OA to determine whether the analgesic effect demonstrated in clinical studies can be translated to a preclinical model. METHODS Sodium monoiodoacetate (MIA)-induced arthritic rats that develop a right-left gait imbalance when walking as an index of pain during motion. This imbalance was assessed using a gait analysis system called "CatWalk". Edema size and lesion score in the relevant knee joint were also measured. The effect of a single intravenous injection of an anti-NGF monoclonal antibody AS2886401-00 on these parameters was assessed. RESULTS AS2886401-00 administered at 0.3 or 1 mg/kg on Day 3 post-MIA injection resulted in a statistically significant improvement in gait imbalance even on Day 35. When gait measurement was set on Week 3 post-MIA administration, administration of the antibody at a timing close to the gait measurement, i.e., 1 or 24 h prior to the measurement, was less effective. AS2886401-00 did not suppress either edema or lesion. CONCLUSIONS A single dose of anti-NGF antibody exerts a long-lasting analgesic effect on pain during motion in a rat model of OA. This finding could be associated with the analgesic efficacies that anti-NGF antibodies have exhibited in clinical studies. It appears unlikely that analgesia is secondary to inhibition of joint edema and lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ishikawa
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan.
| | - Y Koya
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan.
| | - H Tanaka
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan.
| | - Y Nagakura
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan.
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Sagar DR, Nwosu L, Walsh DA, Chapman V. Dissecting the contribution of knee joint NGF to spinal nociceptive sensitization in a model of OA pain in the rat. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2015; 23:906-13. [PMID: 25623624 PMCID: PMC4459966 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2015.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although analgesic approaches targeting nerve growth factor (NGF) for the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) pain remain of clinical interest, neurophysiological mechanisms by which NGF contribute to OA pain remain unclear. We investigated the impact of local elevation of knee joint NGF on knee joint, vs remote (hindpaw), evoked responses of spinal neurones in a rodent model of OA pain. DESIGN In vivo spinal electrophysiology was carried out in anaesthetised rats with established pain behaviour and joint pathology following intra-articular injection of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA), vs injection of saline. Neuronal responses to knee joint extension and flexion, mechanical punctate stimulation of the peripheral receptive fields over the knee and at a remote site (ipsilateral hind paw) were studied before, and following, intra-articular injection of NGF (10 μg/50 μl) or saline. RESULTS MIA-injected rats exhibited significant local (knee joint) and remote (lowered hindpaw withdrawal thresholds) changes in pain behaviour, and joint pathology. Intra-articular injection of NGF significantly (P < 0.05) increased knee extension-evoked firing of spinal neurones and the size of the peripheral receptive fields of spinal neurones (100% increase) over the knee joint in MIA rats, compared to controls. Intra-articular NGF injection did not significantly alter responses of spinal neurones following noxious stimulation of the ipsilateral hind paw in MIA-injected rats. CONCLUSION The facilitatory effects of intra-articular injection of NGF on spinal neurones receiving input from the knee joint provide a mechanistic basis for NGF mediated augmentation of OA knee pain, however additional mechanisms may contribute to the spread of pain to remote sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Sagar
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - L Nwosu
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; Department of Academic Rheumatology, University of Nottingham, Clinical Sciences Building, Nottingham City Hospital, NG5 1PB, UK
| | - D A Walsh
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; Department of Academic Rheumatology, University of Nottingham, Clinical Sciences Building, Nottingham City Hospital, NG5 1PB, UK
| | - V Chapman
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.
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Emerging targets and therapeutic approaches for the treatment of osteoarthritis pain. Curr Opin Support Palliat Care 2015; 9:124-30. [DOI: 10.1097/spc.0000000000000125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) represents one of the most frequently occurring painful conditions. Pain is the major OA symptom, involving both peripheral and central neurological mechanisms. OA pain is initiated from free axonal endings located in the synovium, periosteum bone, and tendons, but not in the cartilage. The nociceptive message involves not only neuromediators and regulating factors such as neuronal growth factor (NGF) but also central modifications of pain pathways. OA pain is a mixed phenomenon where nociceptive and neuropathic mechanisms are involved in both the local and central levels. OA pain perception is influenced by multiple environmental, psychological, or constitutional factors, and OA pain intensity is not correlated with joint degradation. OA pain may present with different clinical features: constant and intermittent pain, with or without a neuropathic component, and with or without central sensitization. Finally, OA pain should be considered as a complex and not unique pain condition, where precise clinical assessment may drive specific therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Perrot
- Centre de la douleur, Hôpital Cochin-Hôtel Dieu, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, INSERM U987, Paris, France.
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Omae T, Nakamura J, Ohtori S, Orita S, Yamauchi K, Miyamoto S, Hagiwara S, Kishida S, Takahashi K. A novel rat model of hip pain by intra-articular injection of nerve growth factor-characteristics of sensory innervation and inflammatory arthritis. Mod Rheumatol 2015; 25:931-6. [PMID: 25736365 DOI: 10.3109/14397595.2015.1023977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the direct effects of intra-articular injection of nerve growth factor (NGF) into normal rat hips and the time course of pain-related mediator appearance. METHODS Using 36 numbers of 8-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats, 30 μl of 1% Fluoro-Gold solution (FG) (Sham-operated group; n = 12), 30 μl of 1% FG with 50 μg/ml NGF (NGF50 group; n = 12), and 30 μl of 1% FG with 100 μg/ml NGF (NGF100 group; n = 12) were injected into the left hip joints. Neurons in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) labeled with FG, and FG and calcitonin gene-related peptide-immunoreactivity (CGRP-IR) were counted. The synovia in the left hip joint was examined histologically. RESULTS The NGF50 and NGF100 groups showed evidence of synovitis without cartilage degeneration compared with the Sham-operated group. At 7 days, the proportions of CGRP-IR FG-labeled to total FG-labeled neurons were 12%, 18%, and 36% in the Sham-operated, NGF50, and NGF100 groups, respectively. At 14 days, the proportions were 13%, 22%, and 35% in the Sham-operated, NGF50, and NGF100 groups, respectively. At 7 and 14 days, the NGF50 and NGF100 groups showed a significantly higher proportion of CGRP-IR FG-labeled neurons than the Sham-operated group. CONCLUSIONS Intra-articular administration of NGF into the hip joint produces a novel rat model for hip pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Omae
- a Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University , Chiba City , Chiba , Japan
| | - Junichi Nakamura
- a Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University , Chiba City , Chiba , Japan
| | - Seiji Ohtori
- a Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University , Chiba City , Chiba , Japan
| | - Sumihisa Orita
- a Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University , Chiba City , Chiba , Japan
| | - Kazuyo Yamauchi
- a Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University , Chiba City , Chiba , Japan
| | - Shuichi Miyamoto
- a Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University , Chiba City , Chiba , Japan
| | - Shigeo Hagiwara
- a Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University , Chiba City , Chiba , Japan
| | - Shunji Kishida
- a Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University , Chiba City , Chiba , Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Takahashi
- a Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University , Chiba City , Chiba , Japan
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Mantyh PW. The neurobiology of skeletal pain. Eur J Neurosci 2014; 39:508-19. [PMID: 24494689 PMCID: PMC4453827 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Disorders of the skeleton are one of the most common causes of chronic pain and long-term physical disability in the world. Chronic skeletal pain is caused by a remarkably diverse group of conditions including trauma-induced fracture, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, low back pain, orthopedic procedures, celiac disease, sickle cell disease and bone cancer. While these disorders are diverse, what they share in common is that when chronic skeletal pain occurs in these disorders, there are currently few therapies that can fully control the pain without significant unwanted side effects. In this review we focus on recent advances in our knowledge concerning the unique population of primary afferent sensory nerve fibers that innervate the skeleton, the nociceptive and neuropathic mechanisms that are involved in driving skeletal pain, and the neurochemical and structural changes that can occur in sensory and sympathetic nerve fibers and the CNS in chronic skeletal pain. We also discuss therapies targeting nerve growth factor or sclerostin for treating skeletal pain. These therapies have provided unique insight into the factors that drive skeletal pain and the structural decline that occurs in the aging skeleton. We conclude by discussing how these advances have changed our understanding and potentially the therapeutic options for treating and/or preventing chronic pain in the injured, diseased and aged skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick W Mantyh
- Department of Pharmacology and Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85716, USA
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Nakahashi Y, Kamiya Y, Funakoshi K, Miyazaki T, Uchimoto K, Tojo K, Ogawa K, Fukuoka T, Goto T. Role of nerve growth factor-tyrosine kinase receptor A signaling in paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy in rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 444:415-9. [PMID: 24480438 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.01.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy remain unknown. Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a representative neurotrophic factor that maintains neuronal function, promotes survival, and mediates neuropathic pain. We investigated expression levels of NGF and its receptors in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and spinal dorsal horn (DH) following paclitaxel treatment. Intraperitoneal (I.P.) administration of paclitaxel induced significant mechanical hypersensitivity and cold allodynia in rats, significantly increased the expression of NGF and its receptor tyrosine kinase receptor A (trkA) in the DRG, and increased NGF expression in the DH. In contrast, paclitaxel treatment did not alter the mRNA levels of NGF or its receptors in the DRG, DH, sciatic nerve, or hindpaw skin. Moreover, expression of NEDD4-2, a negative regulator of trkA, was significantly increased in the DRG of paclitaxel-treated rats. Intrathecal (I.T.) administration of the tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitor k252a significantly alleviated mechanical hypersensitivity in paclitaxel-treated rats. Our results suggest that NGF-trkA signaling is involved in mechanical allodynia in paclitaxel-induced neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Nakahashi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Yokohama City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Yoshinori Kamiya
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Yokohama City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; Department of Anesthesiology, Niigata University Hospital, Niigata 951-8320, Japan; Department of Neuroanatomy, Yokohama City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Kengo Funakoshi
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Yokohama City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Tomoyuki Miyazaki
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Yokohama City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; Department of Physiology, Yokohama City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiro Uchimoto
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Yokohama City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Kentaro Tojo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Yokohama City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Kenichi Ogawa
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Yokohama City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; Department of Palliative Care Medicine, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Tetsuo Fukuoka
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan.
| | - Takahisa Goto
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Yokohama City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.
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