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Emdin M, Passino C, Giannoni A. After the SERVE-HF Trial, Is There Still a Need for Treatment of Central Apnea? J Card Fail 2015; 21:903-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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53
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Wu X, Fu C, Zhang S, Liu Z, Li S, Jiang L. Adaptive servoventilation improves cardiac dysfunction and prognosis in heart failure patients with sleep-disordered breathing: a meta-analysis. CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2015; 11:547-557. [PMID: 26403758 DOI: 10.1111/crj.12390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adaptive servoventilation (ASV) is a new therapeutic modality to treat sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) especially for central sleep apnoea associated with Cheyne-Stokes respiration, whereas the role of ASV in SDB patients with heart failure (HF) is controversial. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of ASV on these patients through a meta-analysis of published data. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was performed to identify studies focused on ASV through databases, including PubMed, Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of science from 1950 to 2014. Parallel randomised controlled trials which compared ASV to other controls in HF and SDB patients with extractable data were meet our inclusion criteria. Random effects meta-analysis models were applied using RevMan 5.2. RESULTS Seven studies involving 301 patients were recruited in the meta-analysis. The weighted mean difference in apnoea hyponea index (-17.73 events/h, 95% CI, -21.85 to -2.94) and left ventricular ejection fraction (MD: 4.68, 95% CI, 2.74-6.63) both favored ASV compared to control conditions. The urinary noradrenaline level (MD: -32.18, 95%CI: -44.07 to -20.09) was decreased, while the exercise capacity measured by 6-min walk distance (MD: 41.26, 95% CI, 17.06-65.45) was improved after ASV treatment. Whereas neither left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) nor Epworth sleepiness-scale score (ESS) significantly changed after ASV therapy. CONCLUSIONS ASV is superior to other therapy, as it can result in good consequences for patients with SDB and improve their prognosis in cardiac function. Further studies will still be needed to assess the benefit of it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Clinical Center for Breathing Disorder and Snoring, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cuiping Fu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Clinical Center for Breathing Disorder and Snoring, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuqi Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Clinical Center for Breathing Disorder and Snoring, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zilong Liu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Clinical Center for Breathing Disorder and Snoring, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shanqun Li
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Clinical Center for Breathing Disorder and Snoring, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liyan Jiang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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Asakawa N, Sakakibara M, Noguchi K, Kamiya K, Yamada S, Yoshitani T, Ono K, Oba K, Tsutsui H. Adaptive Servo-Ventilation Has More Favorable Acute Effects on Hemodynamics Than Continuous Positive Airway Pressure in Patients With Heart Failure. Int Heart J 2015; 56:527-32. [PMID: 26370373 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.15-110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Adaptive servo-ventilation (ASV) has been attracting attention as a novel respiratory support therapy for heart failure (HF). However, the acute hemodynamic effects have not been compared between ASV and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in HF patients.We studied 12 consecutive patients with stable chronic HF. Hemodynamic measurement was performed by right heart catheterization before and after CPAP 5 cmH2O, CPAP 10 cmH2O, and ASV for 15 minutes each.Heart rate, blood pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP), and stroke volume index (SVI) were not changed by any intervention. Right atrial pressure significantly increased after CPAP 10 cmH2O (3.6 ± 3.3 to 6.7 ± 1.6 mmHg, P = 0.005) and ASV (4.1 ± 2.6 to 6.8 ± 1.5 mmHg, P = 0.026). Cardiac index was significantly decreased by CPAP 10 cmH2O (2.3 ± 0.4 to 1.9 ± 0.3 L/minute/m(2), P = 0.048), but was not changed by ASV (2.3 ± 0.4 to 2.0 ± 0.3 L/ minute/m(2), P = 0.299). There was a significant positive correlation between baseline PCWP and % of baseline SVI by CPAP 10 cmH2O (r = 0.705, P < 0.001) and ASV (r = 0.750, P < 0.001). ASV and CPAP 10 cmH2O had significantly greater slopes of this correlation than CPAP 5 cmH2O, suggesting that patients with higher PCWP had a greater increase in SVI by ASV and CPAP 10 cmH2O. The relationship between baseline PCWP and % of baseline SVI by ASV was shifted upwards compared to CPAP 10 cmH2O. Furthermore, based on the results of a questionnaire, patients accepted CPAP 5 cmH2O and ASV more favorably compared to CPAP 10 cmH2O.ASV had more beneficial effects on acute hemodynamics and acceptance than CPAP in HF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Asakawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine
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55
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Tomita Y, Kasai T. Effectiveness of adaptive servo-ventilation. World J Respirol 2015; 5:112-125. [DOI: 10.5320/wjr.v5.i2.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adaptive servo-ventilation (ASV) has been developed as a specific treatment for sleep-disordered breathing, in particular Cheyne-Stokes respiration with central sleep apnea (CSA). Heart failure patients often have sleep-disordered breathing, which consists of either obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) or CSA. Other medical conditions, such as stroke, acromegaly, renal failure, and opioid use may be associated with CSA. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy is widely used for patients with OSA, but some of these patients develop CSA on CPAP, which is called treatment-emergent CSA. CPAP can be useful as a treatment for these various forms of CSA, but it is insufficient to eliminate respiratory events in approximately half of patients with CSA. As compared to CPAP, ASV may be a better option to treat CSA, with sufficient alleviation of respiratory events as well as improvement of cardiac function in heart failure patients. In patients without heart failure, ASV can also alleviate CSA and relieve their symptom. Recently, ASV has been widely used for patients with various forms of CSA. ASV may be also used in the setting without CSA, but it should be assessed more carefully. Clinicians should have a better understanding of the indications for ASV in each setting.
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56
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Geib T, Plappert N, Roth T, Popp R, Birner C, Maier LS, Pfeifer M, Arzt M. Prevalence of Sleep-Disordered Breathing-Related Symptoms in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction. Can J Cardiol 2015; 31:839-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2015.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Abstract
Congestive heart failure (CHF) is among the most common causes of admission to hospitals in the United States, especially in those over age 65. Few data exist regarding the prevalence CHF of Cheyne-Stokes respiration (CSR) owing to congestive heart failure in the intensive care unit (ICU). Nevertheless, CSR is expected to be highly prevalent among those with CHF. Treatment should focus on the underlying mechanisms by which CHF increases loop gain and promotes unstable breathing. Few data are available to determine prevalence of CSR in the ICU, or how CSR might affect clinical management and weaning from mechanical ventilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Sands
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine and Central Clinical School, Alfred Hospital and Monash University, 55 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Robert L Owens
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9300 Campus Point Drive, #7381, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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58
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Muza RT. Central sleep apnoea-a clinical review. J Thorac Dis 2015; 7:930-7. [PMID: 26101651 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2015.04.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Central sleep apnoea (CSA) is characterised by recurrent apnoeas during sleep with no associated respiratory effort. It mostly results from withdrawal of the wakefulness drive in sleep leaving ventilation under metabolic control. A detailed physiological understanding of the control of breathing in wakefulness and sleep is essential to the understanding of CSA. It encompasses a diverse group of conditions with differing aetiologies and pathophysiology. Likewise treatment varies according to underlying aetiology. Some of the conditions such as idiopathic (primary) CSA (ICSA) are relatively rare and benign. On the other hand Cheyne-Stokes breathing (CSB) pattern is quite common in patients with heart failure and might be a prognostic indicator of poor outcome. Unfortunately modern medical management of heart failure does not seem to have significantly reduced the prevalence of CSA in this group. Since the adoption of positive airway pressure (PAP) as a common treatment modality of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), complex CSA has been increasingly observed either as treatment emergent or persistent CSA. Depending on the particular condition, various treatment strategies have been tried in the past two decades which have included hypnotic therapy, respiratory stimulants, judicious administration of carbon dioxide, oxygen therapy, PAP and bi-level ventilatory support with a backup rate. In the past decade adaptive servo ventilation (ASV) has been introduced with much promise. Various studies have shown its superiority over other treatment modalities. Ongoing long term studies will hopefully shed more light on its impact on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Other rare forms are still poorly understood and treatments remain suboptimal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rexford T Muza
- Sleep Disorders Centre, Nuffield House, Guy's & St Thomas' Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK
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59
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Correia S, Martins V, Sousa L, Moita J, Teixeira F, Dos Santos JM. Clinical impact of adaptive servoventilation compared to other ventilatory modes in patients with treatment-emergent sleep apnea, central sleep apnea and Cheyne-Stokes respiration. REVISTA PORTUGUESA DE PNEUMOLOGIA 2015; 21:132-137. [PMID: 25926251 DOI: 10.1016/j.rppnen.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adaptive servoventilation is a recent ventilatory mode initially designed to treat Cheyne-Stokes respiration (CSR). Recently, the efficacy of ASV has been discussed for the treatment of central sleep apnea (CSA) and treatment-emergent central sleep apnea (treatment-emergent CSA) where other forms of traditional positive airway pressure (PAP) may be insufficient. OBJECTIVES To compare the clinical impact of ASV with other forms of PAP in treating patients with treatment-emergent CSA, CSA and CSR. METHODS Medical data of all the patients who underwent polysomnography (PSG) with ASV titration were evaluated. The patients were divided into two groups according to the mode of ventilation reimbursed: ASV and PAP (AutoCPAP/CPAP/BIPAP). All patients had a minimal follow-up of 6 months. Both groups were compared in terms of symptoms, apnea hypopnea index, compliance, cardiac function and cardiovascular events. RESULTS ASV titration was performed in 33 patients (30M/3F) with a mean age of 69±8 years. The majority (58%) present a treatment-emergent SA and 42% a CSA and or CSR. The median initial diagnostic AHI was 46±22events/h. After the initial diagnosis, 28 patients were treated with PAP and 5 with servoventilation. All of the patients treated with PAP were posteriorly submitted to PSG and ASV titration because of suboptimal response to PAP. Despite a clear indication for ASV, due to differences in reimbursement, 15 patients continued treatment with PAP (12 with AutoCPAP, 1 with BIPAP and 2 with CPAP) and 16 changed to ASV. Two patients were lost in follow-up. In both groups, most of patients present a treatment-emergent SA (53% in ASV group vs. 67% in PAP group) or a CSA/CSR (29.4% in ASV group vs. 20% in PAP). After ASV titration, the mean follow-up was 25±14 months. Both groups (ASV vs. PAP) were similar in terms of compliance (77±23% vs.88±14%) and in terms of Epworth sleepiness scale score (6±5 vs. 7±5). There was a statistical difference in terms of residual AHI: mean AHI was 4±3 in ASV group and 9±3 in PAP group (P=0.005). We found no differences in terms of left ventricular fractional shortening (ASV 33±10% vs. PAP 32±10%). Although no difference was observed between the 2 groups in terms of non-fatal cardiovascular events (3 events in each group), 2 fatal cardiovascular events occurred in the PAP group (sudden death). CONCLUSIONS These data confirm that ASV is an efficient treatment in patients with treatment-emergent CSA, CSA/CSR significantly decreasing residual AHI. In both groups, compliance rate was high and sleepiness improved. It is relevant that the 2 patients who died of sudden death were treated with PAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Correia
- Pneumology Department, ULS-Guarda, Sousa Martins Hospital, Guarda, Portugal.
| | - Vitória Martins
- Pneumology Department, HG-CHUC, Sleep Medicine Center, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Liliana Sousa
- Neurophysiology Department, HG-CHUC, Sleep Medicine Center, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joaquim Moita
- Pneumology Department, HG-CHUC, Sleep Medicine Center, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Fátima Teixeira
- Pneumology Department, HG-CHUC, Sleep Medicine Center, Coimbra, Portugal
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60
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Heart Failure and Sleep Apnea. Can J Cardiol 2015; 31:898-908. [PMID: 26112300 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2015.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obstructive and central sleep apnea are far more common in heart failure patients than in the general population and their presence might contribute to the progression of heart failure by exposing the heart to intermittent hypoxia, increased preload and afterload, sympathetic nervous system activation, and vascular endothelial dysfunction. There is now substantial evidence that supports a role for fluid overload and nocturnal rostral fluid shift from the legs as unifying mechanisms in the pathogenesis of obstructive and central sleep apnea in heart failure patients, such that the predominant type of sleep apnea is related to the relative distribution of fluid from the leg to the neck and chest. Despite advances in therapies for heart failure, mortality rates remain high. Accordingly, the identification and treatment of sleep apnea in patients with heart failure might offer a novel therapeutic target to modulate this increased risk. In heart failure patients with obstructive or central sleep apnea, continuous positive airway pressure has been shown to improve cardiovascular function in short-term trials but this has not translated to improved mortality or reduced hospital admissions in long-term randomized trials. Other forms of positive airway pressure such as adaptive servoventilation have shown promising results in terms of attenuation of sleep apnea and improvement in cardiovascular function in short-term trials. Large scale, randomized trials are required to determine whether treating sleep apnea with various interventions can reduce morbidity and mortality.
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61
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Linz D, Woehrle H, Bitter T, Fox H, Cowie MR, Böhm M, Oldenburg O. The importance of sleep-disordered breathing in cardiovascular disease. Clin Res Cardiol 2015; 104:705-18. [DOI: 10.1007/s00392-015-0859-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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62
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Cowie MR, Woehrle H, Oldenburg O, Damy T, van der Meer P, Erdman E, Metra M, Zannad F, Trochu JN, Gullestad L, Fu M, Böhm M, Auricchio A, Levy P. Sleep-disordered Breathing in Heart Failure - Current State of the Art. Card Fail Rev 2015; 1:16-24. [PMID: 28785426 PMCID: PMC5491026 DOI: 10.15420/cfr.2015.01.01.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), either obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) or central sleep apnoea (CSA)/Cheyne-Stokes respiration (CSR) and often a combination of the two, is highly prevalent in patients with heart failure (HF), is associated with reduced functional capacity and quality of life, and has a negative prognostic impact. European HF guidelines identify that sleep apnoea is of concern in patients with HF. Continuous positive airway pressure is the treatment of choice for OSA, and adaptive servoventilation (ASV) appears to be the most consistently effective therapy for CSA/CSR while also being able to treat concomitant obstructive events. There is a growing body of evidence that treating SDB in patients with HF, particularly using ASV for CSA/CSR, improves functional outcomes such as HF symptoms, cardiac function, cardiac disease markers, exercise tolerance and quality of life. However, conflicting results have been reported on 'hard' outcomes such as mortality and healthcare utilisation, and the influence of effectively treating SDB, including CSA/CSR, remains to be determined in randomised clinical trials. Two such trials (SERVE-HF and ADVENT-HF) in chronic stable HF and another in post-acute decompensated HF (CAT-HF) are currently underway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Holger Woehrle
- Imperial College London, London, UK;
- ResMed Science Centre, ResMed Europe, Munich, Germany;
| | - Olaf Oldenburg
- Heart and Diabetes Center North Rhine-Westphalia, Ruhr University Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany;
| | | | - Peter van der Meer
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Michael Fu
- Sahlgrenska University Hospital/östra Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden;
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63
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Shapiro CM, Chung SA, Wylie PE, Hossain NK, Holle RHO, Rosenberg RP, Muehlbach MJ, Doekel RC, Pegram GV, Jasko JG. Home-use servo-ventilation therapy in chronic pain patients with central sleep apnea: initial and 3-month follow-up. Sleep Breath 2015; 19:1285-92. [PMID: 25813356 PMCID: PMC4662950 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-015-1161-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Opioid treatment of non-malignant chronic pain can result in hypoxemia, hypercarbia, and central sleep apnea. The aim of this study was to determine the initial efficacy of auto servo-ventilation (ASV) and after 3 months of home use. METHODS This prospective multicenter interventional study recruited chronic pain patients prescribed ≥100 morphine equivalents for at least 4 months. PARTICIPANTS Following full-night polysomnography (PSG) to confirm the presence of sleep-disordered breathing, patients were randomized to three additional full-night-attended PSGs with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), ASV, and servo-ventilation with an initial mandatory pressure support of 6 cm H2O (ASV manual PSmin 6). Following the PSGs, patients were sent home with EncoreAnywhere and ASV with or without mandatory pressure support. RESULTS Based on the initial PSG studies, CPAP improved but did not normalize the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), central apnea index (CAI), or hypopnea index (HI), as all remained elevated. Clinically significant reductions were noted after just one night of ASV and ASV manual (PSmin 6). After 3 months of ASV home use, the AHI, CAI, and obstructive apnea index (OAI) were significantly reduced when compared to baseline diagnostic levels and even when compared to respiratory disturbance indices with CPAP treatment. CONCLUSIONS Initial and home use of ASV for 3 months resulted in significantly lower AHI, CAI, and OAI. This reduction attests to the efficacy of ASV treatment in chronic pain patients on high doses of opioids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin M Shapiro
- Department of Psychiatry, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst Street, 7 Main - 429, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 2S8, Canada.,Youthdale Treatment Centres, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sharon A Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst Street, 7 Main - 429, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 2S8, Canada. .,Youthdale Treatment Centres, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Paul E Wylie
- Arkansas Center of Sleep Medicine, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Naheed K Hossain
- Department of Psychiatry, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst Street, 7 Main - 429, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 2S8, Canada
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64
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Oldenburg O, Arzt M, Bitter T, Bonnemeier H, Edelmann F, Fietze I, Podszus T, Schäfer T, Schöbel C, Skobel E, Skowasch D, Penzel T, Nienaber C. Positionspapier „Schlafmedizin in der Kardiologie“. KARDIOLOGE 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12181-015-0654-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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65
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Efficacy of Positive Airway Pressure on Brain Natriuretic Peptide in Patients with Heart Failure and Sleep-Disorder Breathing: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Lung 2015; 193:255-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s00408-015-9684-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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66
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Costanzo MR, Khayat R, Ponikowski P, Augostini R, Stellbrink C, Mianulli M, Abraham WT. Mechanisms and clinical consequences of untreated central sleep apnea in heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015; 65:72-84. [PMID: 25572513 PMCID: PMC4391015 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Central sleep apnea (CSA) is a highly prevalent, though often unrecognized, comorbidity in patients with heart failure (HF). Data from HF population studies suggest that it may present in 30% to 50% of HF patients. CSA is recognized as an important contributor to the progression of HF and to HF-related morbidity and mortality. Over the past 2 decades, an expanding body of research has begun to shed light on the pathophysiologic mechanisms of CSA. Armed with this growing knowledge base, the sleep, respiratory, and cardiovascular research communities have been working to identify ways to treat CSA in HF with the ultimate goal of improving patient quality of life and clinical outcomes. In this paper, we examine the current state of knowledge about the mechanisms of CSA in HF and review emerging therapies for this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rami Khayat
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Piotr Ponikowski
- Cardiac Department, 4th Military Hospital, Wroclaw, Poland; Cardiac Department, Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ralph Augostini
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Christoph Stellbrink
- Department of Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Bielefeld Medical Center, Bielefeld, Germany
| | | | - William T Abraham
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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67
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Kato T, Suda S, Kasai T. Positive airway pressure therapy for heart failure. World J Cardiol 2014; 6:1175-91. [PMID: 25429330 PMCID: PMC4244615 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v6.i11.1175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a life-threatening disease and is a growing public health concern. Despite recent advances in pharmacological management for HF, the morbidity and mortality from HF remain high. Therefore, non-pharmacological approaches for HF are being developed. However, most non-pharmacological approaches are invasive, have limited indication and are considered only for advanced HF. Accordingly, the development of less invasive, non-pharmacological approaches that improve outcomes for patients with HF is important. One such approach may include positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy. In this review, the role of PAP therapy applied through mask interfaces in the wide spectrum of HF care is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Kato
- Takao Kato, Department of Cardiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Shoko Suda
- Takao Kato, Department of Cardiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Kasai
- Takao Kato, Department of Cardiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
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68
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Performance of conventional and enhanced adaptive servoventilation (ASV) in heart failure patients with central sleep apnea who have adapted to conventional ASV. Sleep Breath 2014; 19:795-800. [PMID: 25413958 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-014-1083-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Adaptive servo-ventilation (ASV) is a positive pressure ventilator support system to normalize ventilation in patients with Cheyne-Stokes respiration (CSR). The latest generation enhanced ASV device (PaceWave; ResMed) has a new feature--auto-adjustment of EPAP. This study tested the hypothesis that enhanced ASV with auto-adjustment of EPAP (PaceWave) is non-inferior to conventional ASV (AutoSetCS). METHODS This prospective, randomized, crossover, single-center study enrolled adult patients with stable heart failure (HF) and moderate-to-severe sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) who had been receiving conventional ASV therapy for at least 4 weeks. Patients received conventional ASV for one night and enhanced ASV on another night. Support settings for the two ASV devices were similar, with fixed expiratory positive airway pressure (EPAP) set to between 4 and 10 cm H2O and variable EPAP set to between 4 and 15 cm H2O. Full polysomnography was performed during ASV therapy on both nights. Endpoints were the number of nocturnal respiratory events and oxygen desaturations, and changes in blood pressure (BP). RESULTS Levels of EPAP were comparable during the use of enhanced and conventional ASV, but minimum and maximum inspiratory pressure support values were significantly higher with the PaceWave device. All measures of apnea and hypopnea, and oxygen saturation, were significantly improved during ASV therapy with either device. There were no significant changes in BP or heart rate. CONCLUSIONS Enhanced ASV is non-inferior to ASV with fixed EPAP in patients with chronic HF and CSR, with a trend towards better control of respiratory events.
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Cheyne-Stokes respiration in heart failure: friend or foe? Hemodynamic effects of hyperventilation in heart failure patients and healthy volunteers. Clin Res Cardiol 2014; 104:328-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s00392-014-0784-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Nakano S, Kasai T, Tanno J, Sugi K, Sekine Y, Muramatsu T, Senbonmatsu T, Nishimura S. The effect of adaptive servo-ventilation on dyspnoea, haemodynamic parameters and plasma catecholamine concentrations in acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL-ACUTE CARDIOVASCULAR CARE 2014; 4:305-15. [PMID: 25178690 DOI: 10.1177/2048872614549103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adaptive servo-ventilation has a potential sympathoinhibitory effect in acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema (ACPO). AIMS To evaluate the acute effects of adaptive servo-ventilation in patients with ACPO. METHODS Fifty-eight consecutive patients with ACPO were divided into those who underwent adaptive servo-ventilation and those who received oxygen therapy alone as part of their immediate care. Visual analogue scale, vital signs, blood gas data and plasma catecholamine concentrations at baseline and 1 h during emergency care, and subsequent clinical events (death within 30 days, intubation within seven days or between seven and 30 days, and length of hospital stay) were assessed. Pre-matched and post-propensity score (PS)-matched datasets were analysed. RESULTS During the first hour of adaptive servo-ventilation, plasma catecholamine concentrations fell significantly (baseline versus 1 h: epinephrine p = 0.003, norepinephrine p < 0.001, dopamine p < 0.001), with falls in blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate and pCO2, and rise in HCO3 and pH. In the PS-matched model, visual analogue scale (p = 0.036), systolic blood pressure (from 153.8 ± 30.7 to 133.1 ± 16.3 mmHg; p = 0.025) and plasma dopamine concentration (p = 0.034) fell significantly in the adaptive servo-ventilation group compared with the oxygen therapy alone group. The clinical outcomes between the groups were comparable. CONCLUSION In patients with ACPO, emergency care using adaptive servo-ventilation attenuated plasma catecholamine concentrations and led to the improvement of dyspnoea, vital signs and acid-base balance, without adversely influencing clinical outcomes. Using adaptive servo-ventilation, rather than standard oxygen alone, may relieve dyspnoea and improve haemodynamic status, possibly by modulating sympathetic nerve activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Nakano
- Department of Cardiology, International Medical Centre, Saitama Medical University, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Kasai
- Cardio-Respiratory Sleep Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Tanno
- Department of Cardiology, International Medical Centre, Saitama Medical University, Japan
| | - Keiki Sugi
- Department of Cardiology, International Medical Centre, Saitama Medical University, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Sekine
- Department of Emergency and Acute Medicine, International Medical Centre, Saitama Medical University, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Muramatsu
- Department of Cardiology, International Medical Centre, Saitama Medical University, Japan
| | - Takaaki Senbonmatsu
- Department of Cardiology, International Medical Centre, Saitama Medical University, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Nishimura
- Department of Cardiology, International Medical Centre, Saitama Medical University, Japan
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Javaheri S, Brown LK, Randerath WJ. Clinical Applications of Adaptive Servoventilation Devices. Chest 2014; 146:858-868. [DOI: 10.1378/chest.13-1778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Adaptive servo-ventilation therapy using an innovative ventilator for patients with chronic heart failure: a real-world, multicenter, retrospective, observational study (SAVIOR-R). Heart Vessels 2014; 30:805-17. [PMID: 25103691 PMCID: PMC4648955 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-014-0558-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Adaptive servo-ventilation (ASV) therapy using an innovative ventilator—originally developed to treat sleep-disordered breathing (SDB)—is a novel modality of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation and is gaining acceptance among Japanese cardiologists in expectation of its applicability to treat patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) based on its acute beneficial hemodynamic effects. We conducted a multicenter, retrospective, real-world observational study in 115 Japanese patients with CHF, who had undergone home ASV therapy for the first time from January through December 2009, to examine their profile and the effects on their symptoms and hemodynamics. Medical records were used to investigate New York Heart Association (NYHA) class, echocardiographic parameters including left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), cardiothoracic ratio (CTR), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and other variables. Most of the patients were categorized to NYHA classes II (44.4 %) and III (40.7 %). SDB severity was not determined in 44 patients, and SDB was not detected or was mild in 27 patients. In at least 71 patients (61.7 %), therefore, ASV therapy was not applied for the treatment of SDB. CHF was more severe, i.e., greater NYHA class, lower LVEF, and higher CTR, in 87 ASV-continued patients (75.7 %) than in 28 ASV-discontinued patients (24.3 %). However, SDB severity was not related to continuity of ASV. The combined proportion of NYHA classes III and IV (P = 0.012) and LVEF (P = 0.009) improved significantly after ASV therapy. CTR and BNP did not improve significantly after ASV therapy but showed significant beneficial changes in their time-course analysis (P < 0.05, respectively). Improvements in LVEF and NYHA class after ASV therapy were not influenced by SDB severity at onset. The present study suggests that ASV therapy would improve the symptoms and hemodynamics of CHF patients, regardless of SDB severity. A randomized clinical study to verify these effects is warranted.
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Fox H, Bitter T, Gutleben KJ, Horstkotte D, Oldenburg O. Cardiac or Other Implantable Electronic Devices and Sleep-disordered Breathing - Implications for Diagnosis and Therapy. Arrhythm Electrophysiol Rev 2014; 3:116-9. [PMID: 26835077 PMCID: PMC4711545 DOI: 10.15420/aer.2014.3.2.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is of growing interest in cardiology because SDB is a highly prevalent comorbidity in patients with a variety of cardiovascular diseases. The prevalence of SDB is particularly high in patients with cardiac dysrhythmias and/or heart failure. In this setting, many patients now have implantable cardiac devices, such as pacemakers, implantable cardioverter-defibrillators or implanted cardiac resynchronisation therapy devices (CRT). Treatment of SDB using implantable cardiac devices has been studied previously, with atrial pacing and CRT being shown not to bring about satisfactory results in SDB care. The latest generations of these devices have the capacity to determine transthoracic impedance, to detect and quantify breathing efforts and to identify SDB. The capability of implantable cardiac devices to detect SDB is of potential importance for patients with cardiovascular disease, allowing screening for SDB, monitoring of the course of SDB in relation to cardiac status, and documenting of the effects of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Olaf Oldenburg
- Senior Cardiologist, Department of Cardiology, Heart and Diabetes Centre North Rhine-Westphalia, Ruhr University Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
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Brill AK, Rösti R, Hefti JP, Bassetti C, Gugger M, Ott SR. Adaptive servo-ventilation as treatment of persistent central sleep apnea in post-acute ischemic stroke patients. Sleep Med 2014; 15:1309-13. [PMID: 25190260 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2014.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adaptive servo-ventilation (ASV) is a well-established treatment of central sleep apnea (CSA) related to congestive heart failure (CHF). Few studies have evaluated the effectiveness and adherence in patients with CSA of other etiologies, and even less is known about treatment of CSA in patients of post ischemic stroke. METHODS A single-centre retrospective analysis of ASV treatment for CSA in post-acute ischemic stroke patients without concomitant CHF was performed. Demographics, clinical data, sleep studies, ventilator settings, and adherence data were evaluated. RESULTS Out of 154 patients on ASV, 15 patients had CSA related to ischemic stroke and were started on ASV a median of 11 months after the acute cerebrovascular event. Thirteen out of the 15 patients were initially treated with continuous positive airway pressure (11/15) and bilevel positive airway pressure (2/15) therapy with unsatisfactory control of CSA. ASV significantly improved AHI (46.7 ± 24.3 vs 8.5 ± 12/h, P = 0.001) and reduced ESS (8.7 ± 5.7 vs 5.6 ± 2.5, P = 0.08) with a mean nightly use of ASV of 5.4 ± 2.4 h at 3 months after the initiation of treatment. Results were maintained at 6 months. CONCLUSION ASV was well tolerated and clinically effective in this group of patients with persistent CSA after ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Kathrin Brill
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital (Inselspital) and University of Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Regula Rösti
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital (Inselspital) and University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jacqueline Pichler Hefti
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital (Inselspital) and University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Claudio Bassetti
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital (Inselspital) and University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Gugger
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital (Inselspital) and University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian R Ott
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital (Inselspital) and University of Bern, Switzerland
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Galetke W, Ghassemi BM, Priegnitz C, Stieglitz S, Anduleit N, Richter K, Randerath WJ. Anticyclic modulated ventilation versus continuous positive airway pressure in patients with coexisting obstructive sleep apnea and Cheyne–Stokes respiration: a randomized crossover trial. Sleep Med 2014; 15:874-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2014.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is one of the most prevalent and costly diseases in the United States. Sleep apnea is now recognized as a common, yet underdiagnosed, comorbidity of HF. This article discusses the unique qualities that sleep apnea has when it occurs in HF and explains the underlying pathophysiology that illuminates why sleep apnea and HF frequently occur together. The authors provide an overview of the treatment options for sleep apnea in HF and discuss the relative efficacies of these treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Rosen
- Pulmonary Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, 111 E 210 Street, Bronx, NY 10467, USA.
| | - Francoise Joelle Roux
- Connecticut Multispecialty Group, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, 85 Seymour Street, Suite 923, Hartford, CT 06106, USA
| | - Neomi Shah
- Pulmonary Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, 111 E 210 Street, Bronx, NY 10467, USA
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Calvin AD, Somers VK, Johnson BD, Scott CG, Olson LJ. Left atrial size, chemosensitivity, and central sleep apnea in heart failure. Chest 2014; 146:96-103. [PMID: 24522490 PMCID: PMC4077413 DOI: 10.1378/chest.13-0309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Central sleep apnea (CSA) is common among patients with heart failure (HF) and is promoted by elevated CO2 chemosensitivity. Left atrial size is a marker of the hemodynamic severity of HF. The aim of this study was to determine if left atrial size predicts chemosensitivity to CO2 and CSA in patients with HF. METHODS Patients with HF with left ventricular ejection fraction ≤ 35% underwent polysomnography for detection of CSA, echocardiography, and measurement of CO2 chemosensitivity. CSA was defined as an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) ≥ 15/h with ≥ 50% central apneic events. The relation of clinical and echocardiographic parameters to chemosensitivity and CSA were evaluated by linear regression, estimation of ORs, and receiver operator characteristics. RESULTS Of 46 subjects without OSA who had complete data for analysis, 25 had CSA. The only parameter that significantly correlated with chemosensitivity was left atrial volume index (LAVI) (r = 0.40, P < .01). LAVI was greater in those with CSA than those without CSA (59.2 mL/m2 vs 36.4 mL/m2, P < .001) and significantly correlated with log-transformed AHI (r = 0.46, P = .001). LAVI was the best predictor of CSA (area under the curve = 0.83). A LAVI ≤ 33 mL/m2 was associated with 22% risk for CSA, while LAVI ≥ 53 mL/m2 was associated with 92% risk for CSA. CONCLUSIONS Increased LAVI is associated with heightened CO2 chemosensitivity and greater frequency of CSA. LAVI may be useful to guide referral for polysomnography for detection of CSA in patients with HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Calvin
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Virend K Somers
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Bruce D Johnson
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Christopher G Scott
- Department of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Lyle J Olson
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
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Suzuki S, Yoshihisa A, Miyata M, Sato T, Yamaki T, Sugimoto K, Kunii H, Nakazato K, Suzuki H, Saitoh SI, Takeishi Y. Adaptive servo-ventilation therapy improves long-term prognosis in heart failure patients with anemia and sleep-disordered breathing. Int Heart J 2014; 55:342-9. [PMID: 24881587 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.13-354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) and anemia influences the progression of chronic heart failure (CHF). Adaptive servo-ventilation (ASV) is an effective therapeutic device for treatment of CHF, however, the impacts of ASV on CHF patients with or without anemia remain unclear.A total of 139 patients with CHF and SDB were divided into two groups: those treated with ASV (n = 53) and without ASV (n = 86). All patients were prospectively followed after discharge with the endpoints of cardiac death or progressive heart failure requiring rehospitalization. There were 65 patients (47%) with anemia among all subjects. The apnea hypopnea index was improved, and plasma BNP and high sensitive C-reactive protein levels were decreased in both groups with and without anemia by ASV therapy. The Kaplan-Meier survival curve demonstrated that the cardiac event-free rate in patients with ASV was significantly higher than in those without ASV in the anemia group (P = 0.008). However, in the non-anemia group, the cardiac event-free rate was similarly high in patients both with and without ASV (P = 0.664). Multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis demonstrated that ASV use was an independent predictor of cardiac events in the anemia group (P = 0.0308), but not in the non-anemia group.ASV treatment for CHF and SDB has more favorable impacts in patients with anemia than in those without anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Suzuki
- Department of Cardiology and Hematology, Fukushima Medical University
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Verbraecken J. From CPAP to trilevel adaptive servo ventilation in chronic heart failure--have we got the magic bullet? Sleep Med 2014; 15:846-8. [PMID: 24947879 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2014.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johan Verbraecken
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Multidisciplinary Sleep Disorders Centre, Antwerp University Hospital and University of Antwerp, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650 Edegem (Antwerp), Belgium.
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Ushijima R, Joho S, Akabane T, Oda Y, Inoue H. Differing effects of adaptive servoventilation and continuous positive airway pressure on muscle sympathetic nerve activity in patients with heart failure. Circ J 2014; 78:1387-95. [PMID: 24705391 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-13-1468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term adaptive servoventilation (ASV) increases cardiac function more effectively than continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), possibly via alleviation of sympathetic overactivation. The present study evaluated the effect of ASV and CPAP at comparable pressure on muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) in patients with heart failure (HF) and with or without periodic breathing (PB). METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 57 patients with HF (ejection fraction <0.45) were randomized to receive CPAP (n=28) or ASV (n=29). Respiratory profiles and MSNA were continuously monitored before and during CPAP and ASV (30min) at pressures of 6.5 and 6.6cmH2O, respectively. The severity of respiratory instability was determined using the coefficient of variation of tidal volume (CV-TV). Although heart rate and blood pressure remained unchanged, only ASV improved CV-TV. MSNA decreased in the ASV (P<0.001), but not in the CPAP group. The change in CV-TV independently predicted changes in MSNA (P<0.001). Device type and PB significantly interacted with changes in MSNA (P<0.05) and ASV exerted sympathoinhibitory effects in patients with PB, whereas CPAP did not. A sympathoinhibitory effect in patients without PB was not evident in either treatment arm. CONCLUSIONS ASV probably exerts its sympathoinhibitory effects in patients with HF and PB through pressure support.
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[Cardiovascular morbidity associated with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome]. Rev Mal Respir 2014; 31:375-85. [PMID: 24750957 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) had become a major public health concern in modern society due to its high prevalence but, above all, to its associated morbidity, especially cardiovascular. BACKGROUND Untreated OSAS is associated with an increased incidence of fatal (myocardial infarction and stroke) (odds ratio: 2.87) and non-fatal cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction, stroke, coronary artery bypass surgery and coronary angiography) (odds ratio: 3.17). Moreover, the prevalence of hypertension in patients with OSAS is high, between 35 and 80%. The pathophysiological mechanisms leading to these complications are mainly due to intermittent hypoxia secondary to repeated episodes of apnoea/hypopnoea during sleep. These mechanisms include sympathetic hyperactivation, impairment of vasomotor reactivity, vascular inflammation, oxidative stress and metabolic disorders. In patients with OSAS, the impact of continuous positive pressure is proven in terms of prevention of cardiovascular events although blood pressure reduction is limited. Obviously these effects are proportional to observance. CONCLUSION OSAS does increase the cardiovascular risk, independently of other risk factors. Although the impact of treatment is relatively low in decreasing blood pressure, it seems essentially effective in preventing cardiovascular morbidity. Therefore, OSAS screening, and the association of specific treatments in cardio-metabolic patients and OSAS patients respectively, should be included in clinical strategies.
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Mansukhani MP, Kolla BP, Ramar K. International Classification of Sleep Disorders 2 and American Academy of Sleep Medicine Practice Parameters for Central Sleep Apnea. Sleep Med Clin 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsmc.2013.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Fox H, Oldenburg O, Nölker G, Horstkotte D, Gutleben KJ. Detektion und Therapie respiratorischer Störungen durch implantierbare (kardiale) Devices. Herz 2014; 39:32-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s00059-014-4062-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Damy T, Margarit L, Noroc A, Bodez D, Guendouz S, Boyer L, Drouot X, Lamine A, Paulino A, Rappeneau S, Stoica MH, Dubois-Randé JL, Adnot S, Hittinger L, d'Ortho MP. Prognostic impact of sleep-disordered breathing and its treatment with nocturnal ventilation for chronic heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail 2014; 14:1009-19. [DOI: 10.1093/eurjhf/hfs085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thibaud Damy
- Federation de Cardiologie, AP-HP, Groupe Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier; Créteil France
- INSERM, Equipe 8, Unité U955; Créteil France
- Universite Paris 12, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Est (UPEC); Créteil France
| | - Laurent Margarit
- Service de Physiologie-Explorations Fonctionnelles, AP-HP, Groupe Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier; Créteil France
| | - Ala Noroc
- Service de Physiologie-Explorations Fonctionnelles, AP-HP, Groupe Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier; Créteil France
- INSERM, Equipe 8, Unité U955; Créteil France
- Universite Paris 12, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Est (UPEC); Créteil France
| | - Diane Bodez
- Federation de Cardiologie, AP-HP, Groupe Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier; Créteil France
| | - Soulef Guendouz
- Federation de Cardiologie, AP-HP, Groupe Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier; Créteil France
| | - Laurent Boyer
- Service de Physiologie-Explorations Fonctionnelles, AP-HP, Groupe Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier; Créteil France
- INSERM, Equipe 8, Unité U955; Créteil France
- Universite Paris 12, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Est (UPEC); Créteil France
| | - Xavier Drouot
- Service de Physiologie-Explorations Fonctionnelles, AP-HP, Groupe Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier; Créteil France
- INSERM, Equipe 8, Unité U955; Créteil France
- Universite Paris 12, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Est (UPEC); Créteil France
| | - Aurélia Lamine
- Federation de Cardiologie, AP-HP, Groupe Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier; Créteil France
| | - Alexandra Paulino
- Federation de Cardiologie, AP-HP, Groupe Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier; Créteil France
| | - Stéphane Rappeneau
- Federation de Cardiologie, AP-HP, Groupe Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier; Créteil France
| | | | - Jean-Luc Dubois-Randé
- Federation de Cardiologie, AP-HP, Groupe Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier; Créteil France
- INSERM, Equipe 8, Unité U955; Créteil France
- Universite Paris 12, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Est (UPEC); Créteil France
| | - Serge Adnot
- Federation de Cardiologie, AP-HP, Groupe Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier; Créteil France
- INSERM, Equipe 8, Unité U955; Créteil France
- Universite Paris 12, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Est (UPEC); Créteil France
| | - Luc Hittinger
- Federation de Cardiologie, AP-HP, Groupe Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier; Créteil France
- INSERM, Equipe 8, Unité U955; Créteil France
- Universite Paris 12, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Est (UPEC); Créteil France
| | - Marie Pia d'Ortho
- Service de Physiologie-Explorations Fonctionnelles, AP-HP, Groupe Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier; Créteil France
- INSERM, Equipe 8, Unité U955; Créteil France
- CHU Bichat, Université Paris 7; Paris France
- UMR; INSERM U676 Paris France
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der van Maaten JM, Wijkstra PJ. Adaptive servo-ventilation in heart failure associated with central sleep apnoea. Is it effective in both acute and chronic setting? Eur J Heart Fail 2014; 13:1049-51. [DOI: 10.1093/eurjhf/hfr118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joost M.A.A. der van Maaten
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care; University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen; PO Box 30001 9700 RB Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Peter J. Wijkstra
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases/Home Mechanical Ventilation; University Medical Center Groningen; Groningen The Netherlands
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Oldenburg O, Bitter T, Fox H, Horstkotte D, Gutleben KJ. Effects of unilateral phrenic nerve stimulation on tidal volume. Herz 2014; 39:84-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s00059-013-4043-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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93
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Vanhecke TE, Franklin BA, Ajluni SC, Sangal RB, McCullough PA. Cardiorespiratory fitness and sleep-related breathing disorders. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2014; 6:745-58. [DOI: 10.1586/14779072.6.5.745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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94
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Abstract
There is now substantial evidence supporting the use of non-invasive ventilation in acute hypercpanic exacerbations of chronic respiratory failure, and early trials show nocturnal ventilatory support may benefit chronic heart failure patients with sleep disordered breathing. Attention is now being focused on innovative modes which adapt respiratory support to the user's ventilatory pattern, eg adaptive service ventilation and assured volume delivery 'intelligent' ventilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita K Simonds
- NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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95
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Joho S, Ushijima R, Akabane T, Oda Y, Inoue H. Adaptive servo-ventilation improves exercise oscillatory ventilation and ventilatory inefficiency in patients with heart failure and central sleep apnea. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcme.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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96
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97
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Khayat R, Small R, Rathman L, Krueger S, Gocke B, Clark L, Yamokoski L, Abraham WT. Sleep-disordered breathing in heart failure: identifying and treating an important but often unrecognized comorbidity in heart failure patients. J Card Fail 2013; 19:431-44. [PMID: 23743494 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2013.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is the most common comorbidity in patients with heart failure (HF) and has a significant impact on quality of life, morbidity, and mortality. A number of therapeutic options have become available in recent years that can improve quality of life and potentially the outcomes of HF patients with SDB. Unfortunately, SDB is not part of the routine evaluation and management of HF, so it remains untreated in most HF patients. Although recognition of the role of SDB in HF is increasing, clinical guidelines for the management of SDB in HF patients continue to be absent. This article provides an overview of SDB in HF and proposes a clinical care pathway to help clinicians to better recognize and treat SDB in their HF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami Khayat
- Ohio State University, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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98
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Wahab R, Basner RC. Nocturnal non-invasive ventilation for cardio-respiratory disorders in adults. Expert Rev Respir Med 2013; 7:615-29. [PMID: 24175738 DOI: 10.1586/17476348.2013.839246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Following the classic 'iron lung' non-invasive negative pressure ventilator, non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV), particularly used 'nocturnally' has developed a broad role in both the acute hospital setting and domiciliary long-term use for many cardio-respiratory disorders associated with acute and chronic ventilatory failure. This role is based in part upon the perceived relative ease of application and discontinuation of NIPPV, ability to avoid intubation or tracheostomy and their associated morbidities and availability of increasingly portable pressure and volume cycled NIPPV devices. Nevertheless, the many methodologies necessary for optimal NIPPV use are often underappreciated by health care workers and patients alike. This review focuses on the rationale, practice, and future directions for 'nocturnal' use of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (nNIV) in cardio-respiratory disorders in adults which are commonly associated with sleep-related apnea, hypoventilation and hypoxemia: congestive heart failure (CHF), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS), cystic fibrosis (CF) and neuromuscular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Wahab
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 622 West 168th Street, NY 10032, USA
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99
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Kourouklis SP, Vagiakis E, Paraskevaidis IA, Kostikas K, Filippatos G. Tailored treatment of sleep disordered breathing in patients with chronic heart failure improves cardiac function. Int J Cardiol 2013; 168:4529. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.06.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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100
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Troitino A, Labedi N, Kufel T, El-Solh AA. Positive airway pressure therapy in patients with opioid-related central sleep apnea. Sleep Breath 2013; 18:367-73. [PMID: 24062011 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-013-0894-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to compare treatment response and adherence rate to positive airway pressure (PAP) in patients with opioid-related central sleep apnea (O-CSA) and idiopathic central sleep apnea (I-CSA). METHODS We performed a retrospective chart over a 5-year period performed at a VA sleep center. Continuous PAP (CPAP) was prescribed initially for all participants. For those nonresponders (apnea hypopnea index (AHI) of >10/h), bi-level PAP (BiPAP) or adaptive servoventilation (ASV) was instituted upon provider's discretion. Adherence to therapy was checked with the built-in meter. RESULTS Thirty-four patients with O-CSA and 61 with I-CSA were included in the analysis. The two groups were comparable with respect to age, body mass index (BMI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and burden of comorbidities. The mean daily equivalent dose of morphine in the O-CSA was 168 mg (range 30-1,217 mg). In the O-CSA group, 24% of PAP-naïve patients responded to CPAP compared to 38% in the I-CSA group. BiPAP and ASV were comparable in eliminating central events in both O-CSA (66 versus 60 %) and I-CSA (93 versus 90%), respectively. Eight patients (24%) with O-CSA and six patients (10%) with I-CSA were considered nonresponders. The adherence rate was 48 and 24% in the I-CSA group compared to 23 and 18% in the O-CSA group at 3 and 12 months following initiation of effective treatment (p = 0.04 and p = 0.6). CONCLUSIONS The presence of O-CSA does not preclude an adequate response to CPAP. Adherence rate to PAP was poor in both the O-CSA and I-CSA groups. Further studies are needed to define optimal adherence rate and long-term benefits of PAP in CSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Troitino
- The Veterans Affairs Western New York Healthcare System, Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Medical Research, Bldg. 20 (151) VISN02, 3495 Bailey Avenue, Buffalo, NY, 14215-1199, USA
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