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Abstract
Male infertility is a multifactorial pathological condition affecting approximately 7% of the male population. The genetic landscape of male infertility is highly complex as semen and testis histological phenotypes are extremely heterogeneous, and at least 2,000 genes are involved in spermatogenesis. The highest frequency of known genetic factors contributing to male infertility (25%) is in azoospermia, but the number of identified genetic anomalies in other semen and aetiological categories is constantly growing. Genetic screening is relevant for its diagnostic value, clinical decision making, and appropriate genetic counselling. Anomalies in sex chromosomes have major roles in severe spermatogenic impairment. Autosome-linked gene mutations are mainly involved in central hypogonadism, monomorphic teratozoospermia or asthenozoospermia, congenital obstructive azoospermia, and familial cases of quantitative spermatogenic disturbances. Results from whole-genome association studies suggest a marginal role for common variants as causative factors; however, some of these variants can be important for pharmacogenetic purposes. Results of studies on copy number variations (CNVs) demonstrate a considerably higher CNV load in infertile patients than in normozoospermic men, whereas whole-exome analysis has proved to be a highly successful diagnostic tool in familial cases of male infertility. Despite such efforts, the aetiology of infertility remains unknown in about 40% of patients, and the discovery of novel genetic factors in idiopathic infertility is a major challenge for the field of androgenetics. Large, international, and consortium-based whole-exome and whole-genome studies are the most promising approach for the discovery of the missing genetic aetiology of idiopathic male infertility.
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Yatsenko SA, Rajkovic A. Genetics of human female infertility†. Biol Reprod 2019; 101:549-566. [PMID: 31077289 PMCID: PMC8127036 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioz084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
About 10% of women of reproductive age are unable to conceive or carry a pregnancy to term. Female factors alone account for at least 35% of all infertility cases and comprise a wide range of causes affecting ovarian development, maturation of oocytes, and fertilization competence, as well as the potential of a fertilized egg for preimplantation development, implantation, and fetal growth. Genetic abnormalities leading to infertility in females comprise large chromosome abnormalities, submicroscopic chromosome deletion and duplications, and DNA sequence variations in the genes that control numerous biological processes implicated in oogenesis, maintenance of ovarian reserve, hormonal signaling, and anatomical and functional development of female reproductive organs. Despite the great number of genes implicated in reproductive physiology by the study of animal models, only a subset of these genes is associated with human infertility. In this review, we mainly focus on genetic alterations identified in humans and summarize recent knowledge on the molecular pathways of oocyte development and maturation, the crucial role of maternal-effect factors during embryogenesis, and genetic conditions associated with ovarian dysgenesis, primary ovarian insufficiency, early embryonic lethality, and infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana A Yatsenko
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Aleksandar Rajkovic
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
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Jolly A, Bayram Y, Turan S, Aycan Z, Tos T, Abali ZY, Hacihamdioglu B, Coban Akdemir ZH, Hijazi H, Bas S, Atay Z, Guran T, Abali S, Bas F, Darendeliler F, Colombo R, Barakat TS, Rinne T, White JJ, Yesil G, Gezdirici A, Gulec EY, Karaca E, Pehlivan D, Jhangiani SN, Muzny DM, Poyrazoglu S, Bereket A, Gibbs RA, Posey JE, Lupski JR. Exome Sequencing of a Primary Ovarian Insufficiency Cohort Reveals Common Molecular Etiologies for a Spectrum of Disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:3049-3067. [PMID: 31042289 PMCID: PMC6563799 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2019-00248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) encompasses a spectrum of premature menopause, including both primary and secondary amenorrhea. For 75% to 90% of individuals with hypergonadotropic hypogonadism presenting as POI, the molecular etiology is unknown. Common etiologies include chromosomal abnormalities, environmental factors, and congenital disorders affecting ovarian development and function, as well as syndromic and nonsyndromic single gene disorders suggesting POI represents a complex trait. OBJECTIVE To characterize the contribution of known disease genes to POI and identify molecular etiologies and biological underpinnings of POI. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS We applied exome sequencing (ES) and family-based genomics to 42 affected female individuals from 36 unrelated Turkish families, including 31 with reported parental consanguinity. RESULTS This analysis identified likely damaging, potentially contributing variants and molecular diagnoses in 16 families (44%), including 11 families with likely damaging variants in known genes and five families with predicted deleterious variants in disease genes (IGSF10, MND1, MRPS22, and SOHLH1) not previously associated with POI. Of the 16 families, 2 (13%) had evidence for potentially pathogenic variants at more than one locus. Absence of heterozygosity consistent with identity-by-descent mediated recessive disease burden contributes to molecular diagnosis in 15 of 16 (94%) families. GeneMatcher allowed identification of additional families from diverse genetic backgrounds. CONCLUSIONS ES analysis of a POI cohort further characterized locus heterogeneity, reaffirmed the association of genes integral to meiotic recombination, demonstrated the likely contribution of genes involved in hypothalamic development, and documented multilocus pathogenic variation suggesting the potential for oligogenic inheritance contributing to the development of POI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angad Jolly
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Yavuz Bayram
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Serap Turan
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zehra Aycan
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Sami Ulus Children’s Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tulay Tos
- Department of Medical Genetics, Sami Ulus Children’s Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zehra Yavas Abali
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, İstanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | | | - Hadia Hijazi
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Serpil Bas
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Atay
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tulay Guran
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Saygin Abali
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Firdevs Bas
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, İstanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Feyza Darendeliler
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, İstanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Roberto Colombo
- Center for the Study of Rare Inherited Diseases (CeSMER), Niguarda Ca' Granda Metropolitan Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University, IRCCS Policlinico Gemelli University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Tahsin Stefan Barakat
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tuula Rinne
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Janson J White
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Gozde Yesil
- Department of Medical Genetics, Bezmialem University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alper Gezdirici
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Yilmaz Gulec
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ender Karaca
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Davut Pehlivan
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Section of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Donna M Muzny
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Sukran Poyrazoglu
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, İstanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Bereket
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Richard A Gibbs
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Jennifer E Posey
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: James R. Lupski, MD, PhD, DSc (Hon), FAAP, FACMG, FANA, FAAAS, FAAS, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Room 604B, Houston, Texas 77030. E-mail: ; or Jennifer E. Posey, MD, PhD, FACMG, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Room T603, Houston, Texas 77030. E-mail:
| | - James R Lupski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: James R. Lupski, MD, PhD, DSc (Hon), FAAP, FACMG, FANA, FAAAS, FAAS, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Room 604B, Houston, Texas 77030. E-mail: ; or Jennifer E. Posey, MD, PhD, FACMG, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Room T603, Houston, Texas 77030. E-mail:
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Post-Translational Modifications of the Mini-Chromosome Maintenance Proteins in DNA Replication. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10050331. [PMID: 31052337 PMCID: PMC6563057 DOI: 10.3390/genes10050331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The eukaryotic mini-chromosome maintenance (MCM) complex, composed of MCM proteins 2-7, is the core component of the replisome that acts as the DNA replicative helicase to unwind duplex DNA and initiate DNA replication. MCM10 tightly binds the cell division control protein 45 homolog (CDC45)/MCM2-7/ DNA replication complex Go-Ichi-Ni-San (GINS) (CMG) complex that stimulates CMG helicase activity. The MCM8-MCM9 complex may have a non-essential role in activating the pre-replicative complex in the gap 1 (G1) phase by recruiting cell division cycle 6 (CDC6) to the origin recognition complex (ORC). Each MCM subunit has a distinct function achieved by differential post-translational modifications (PTMs) in both DNA replication process and response to replication stress. Such PTMs include phosphorylation, ubiquitination, small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO)ylation, O-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc)ylation, and acetylation. These PTMs have an important role in controlling replication progress and genome stability. Because MCM proteins are associated with various human diseases, they are regarded as potential targets for therapeutic development. In this review, we summarize the different PTMs of the MCM proteins, their involvement in DNA replication and disease development, and the potential therapeutic implications.
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Ghieh F, Mitchell V, Mandon-Pepin B, Vialard F. Genetic defects in human azoospermia. Basic Clin Androl 2019; 29:4. [PMID: 31024732 PMCID: PMC6477738 DOI: 10.1186/s12610-019-0086-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As with many other diseases, genetic testing in human azoospermia was initially restricted to karyotype analyses (leading to diagnostic chromosome rearrangement tests for Klinefelter and other syndromes). With the advent of molecular biology in the 1980s, genetic screening was broadened to analyses of Y chromosome microdeletions and the gene coding for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). Decades later, the emergence of whole-genome techniques has led to the identification of other genetic defects associated with human azoospermia. Although TEX11 and ADGRG2 defects are frequently described in men with azoospermia, most of the causal gene defects found to date are private (i.e. identified in a small number of consanguineous families). Here, we provide an up-to-date overview of all the types of genetic defects known to be linked to human azoospermia and try to give clinical practice guidelines according to azoospermia phenotype. Along with homozygous mutations, polymorphisms and epigenetic defects are also briefly discussed. However, as these variations predispose to azoospermia, a specific review will be needed to compile data on all the particular genetic variations reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Ghieh
- 1EA7404-GIG, UFR des Sciences de la Santé Simone Veil, UVSQ, Montigny le Bretonneux, France
| | - Valérie Mitchell
- 2CHU Lille, Reproductive Biology Institute-Spermiologie-CECOS, Jeanne de Flandre Hospital, Lille, France.,3EA4308 "Gametogenesis and Gamete Quality", University of Lille, Lille, France
| | | | - François Vialard
- 1EA7404-GIG, UFR des Sciences de la Santé Simone Veil, UVSQ, Montigny le Bretonneux, France.,Genetics Division, CHI de Poissy St Germain en Laye, Poissy, France
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56
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Katari S, Aarabi M, Kintigh A, Mann S, Yatsenko SA, Sanfilippo JS, Zeleznik AJ, Rajkovic A. Chromosomal instability in women with primary ovarian insufficiency. Hum Reprod 2019; 33:531-538. [PMID: 29425284 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dey012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION What is the prevalence of somatic chromosomal instability among women with idiopathic primary ovarian insufficiency (POI)? SUMMARY ANSWER A subset of women with idiopathic POI may have functional impairment in DNA repair leading to chromosomal instability in their soma. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY The formation and repair of DNA double-strand breaks during meiotic recombination are fundamental processes of gametogenesis. Oocytes with compromised DNA integrity are susceptible to apoptosis which could trigger premature ovarian aging and accelerated wastage of the human follicle reserve. Genomewide association studies, as well as whole exome sequencing, have implicated multiple genes involved in DNA damage repair. However, the prevalence of defective DNA damage repair in the soma of women with POI is unknown. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION In total, 46 women with POI and 15 family members were evaluated for excessive mitomycin-C (MMC)-induced chromosome breakage. Healthy fertile females (n = 20) and two lymphoblastoid cell lines served as negative and as positive controls, respectively. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS We performed a pilot functional study utilizing MMC to assess chromosomal instability in the peripheral blood of participants. A high-resolution array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) was performed on 16 POI patients to identify copy number variations (CNVs) for a set of 341 targeted genes implicated in DNA repair. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Array CGH revealed three POI patients (3/16, 18.8%) with pathogenic CNVs. Excessive chromosomal breakage suggestive of a constitutional deficiency in DNA repair was detected in one POI patient with the 16p12.3 duplication. In two patients with negative chromosome breakage analysis, aCGH detected a Xq28 deletion comprising the Centrin EF-hand Protein 2 (CETN2) and HAUS Augmin Like Complex Subunit 7 (HAUS7) genes essential for meiotic DNA repair, and a duplication in the 3p22.2 region comprising a part of the ATPase domain of the MutL Homolog 1 (MLH1) gene. LIMITATIONS REASONS FOR CAUTION Peripheral lymphocytes, used as a surrogate tissue to quantify induced chromosome damage, may not be representative of all the affected tissues. Another limitation pertains to the MMC assay which detects homologous repair pathway defects and does not test deficiencies in other DNA repair pathways. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our results provide evidence for functional impairment of DNA repair in idiopathic POI, which may predispose the patients to other DNA repair-related conditions such as accelerated aging and/or cancer susceptibility. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) Funding was provided by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. There were no competing interests to declare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunita Katari
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 300 Halket Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Magee-Womens Hospital of UPMC, 300 Halket Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Mahmoud Aarabi
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 300 Halket Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Medical Genetics & Genomics Laboratories, Magee Womens Hospital of UPMC, 300 Halket Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Angela Kintigh
- Medical Genetics & Genomics Laboratories, Magee Womens Hospital of UPMC, 300 Halket Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Susan Mann
- Medical Genetics & Genomics Laboratories, Magee Womens Hospital of UPMC, 300 Halket Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Svetlana A Yatsenko
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 300 Halket Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Medical Genetics & Genomics Laboratories, Magee Womens Hospital of UPMC, 300 Halket Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 De Soto Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.,Magee Womens Research Institute, 204 Craft Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Joseph S Sanfilippo
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 300 Halket Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Magee-Womens Hospital of UPMC, 300 Halket Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Anthony J Zeleznik
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Magee-Womens Hospital of UPMC, 300 Halket Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Magee Womens Research Institute, 204 Craft Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Aleksandar Rajkovic
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 300 Halket Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Medical Genetics & Genomics Laboratories, Magee Womens Hospital of UPMC, 300 Halket Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 De Soto Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.,Magee Womens Research Institute, 204 Craft Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Khan MJ, Pollock N, Jiang H, Castro C, Nazli R, Ahmed J, Basit S, Rajkovic A, Yatsenko AN. X-linked ADGRG2 mutation and obstructive azoospermia in a large Pakistani family. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16280. [PMID: 30389958 PMCID: PMC6214919 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34262-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We performed whole exome sequencing to identify an unknown genetic cause of azoospermia and male infertility in a large Pakistani family. Three infertile males were subjected to semen analysis, hormone testing, testicular histology, ultrasonography, karyotyping, Y-chromosome microdeletion and CFTR testing. The clinical testing suggested a diagnosis of obstructive azoospermia (OA). To identify the cause, we performed whole exome sequencing (WES) for 2 infertile brothers and 2 fertile family members. For segregation analysis and variant confirmation, we performed Sanger sequencing. WES data analysis of the family revealed segregated variants in 3 candidate genes. We considered novel nonsense variant c.2440C > T(p.Arg814*) in X-linked gene ADGRG2 as biologically most plausible. It is predicted to truncate the protein by 204 amino acids (aa) at a key transmembrane domain. Adgrg2-knockout male mice show sperm loss due to obstructive fluid stasis, while ADGRG2 mutations cause OA in the infertile male patients. Our analysis of testicular histology reveals secondary severe reduction of spermatogenesis, consistent with human and knockout mouse phenotypes. The ADGRG2 nonsense mutation is absent in the largest population databases, ExAC and gnomAD. Analysis of the novel nonsense mutation in extended family members confirmed co-segregation of the mutation with OA in all affected males. The likely pathogenic nature of the mutation is supported by its truncation effect on the transmembrane domain and distinctive ultrasound results. The study demonstrates effectiveness of WES in discovering a genetic cause of azoospermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Jaseem Khan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Nijole Pollock
- Department of OBGYN and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Huaiyang Jiang
- Department of OBGYN and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Carlos Castro
- Department of OBGYN and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rubina Nazli
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Jawad Ahmed
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Sulman Basit
- Center for Genetics and Inherited Diseases, Taibah University, Almadina Almunawarrah, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aleksandar Rajkovic
- Department of OBGYN and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco (current appointment), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alexander N Yatsenko
- Department of OBGYN and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. .,Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA. .,Department of Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA.
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58
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Jiao X, Ke H, Qin Y, Chen ZJ. Molecular Genetics of Premature Ovarian Insufficiency. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2018; 29:795-807. [PMID: 30078697 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is highly heterogeneous in genetic etiology. Yet identifying causative genes has been challenging with candidate gene approaches. Recent approaches using next generation sequencing (NGS), especially whole exome sequencing (WES), in large POI pedigrees have identified new causatives and proposed relevant candidates, mainly enriched in DNA damage repair, homologous recombination, and meiosis. In the near future, NGS or whole genome sequencing will help better define genes involved in intricate regulatory networks. The research into miRNA and age at menopause represents an emerging field that will help unveil the molecular mechanisms underlying pathogenesis of POI. Shedding light on the genetic architecture is important in interpreting pathogenesis of POI, and will facilitate risk prediction for POI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Jiao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250021, Shandong, China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Jinan 250021, Shandong, China; The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan 250021, Shandong, China; Suzhou Institute of Shandong University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hanni Ke
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250021, Shandong, China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Jinan 250021, Shandong, China; The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Yingying Qin
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250021, Shandong, China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Jinan 250021, Shandong, China; The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan 250021, Shandong, China.
| | - Zi-Jiang Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250021, Shandong, China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Jinan 250021, Shandong, China; The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan 250021, Shandong, China; Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai 200127, China.
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Minichromosome maintenance complex component 8 and 9 gene expression in the menstrual cycle and unexplained primary ovarian insufficiency. J Assist Reprod Genet 2018; 36:57-64. [PMID: 30276597 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-018-1325-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE DNA repair genes Minichromosome maintenance complex component (MCM) 8 and 9 have been linked with gonadal development, primary ovarian insufficiency (POI), and age at menopause. Our objective was to characterize MCM 8 and 9 gene expression in the menstrual cycle, and to compare MCM 8/9 expression in POI vs normo-ovulatory women. METHODS Normo-ovulatory controls (n = 11) and unexplained POI subjects (n = 6) were recruited. Controls provided three blood samples within one menstrual cycle: (1) early follicular phase, (2) ovulation, and (3) mid-luteal phase. Six of 11 controls only provided a follicular phase sample. Amenorrheic POI subjects provided a single, random blood sample. MCM8/9 expression in peripheral blood was assessed with qRTPCR. Analyses were performed using delta-Ct measurements; group differences were transformed to a fold change (FC) and confidence interval (CI). Differences across menstrual cycle phases were compared using random effects ANOVA. Two-sample t tests were used to compare two groups. RESULTS MCM8 expression was significantly lower at ovulation and during the luteal phase, when compared to the follicular phase [FC = 0.69 in the luteal vs follicular phase (p = 0.012, CI = 0.53, 0.90); and 0.65 in the ovulatory vs follicular phase (p = 0.0057, CI = 0.50, 0.85)]. No change in MCM9 expression was noted throughout the menstrual cycle. No significant difference was seen in MCM8/9 expression when comparing POI to control subjects. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed greater MCM8 expression in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle, compared to the ovulatory and luteal phases. No cyclic changes were seen with MCM9. Significant differences in MCM8/9 expression were not detected between POI and controls; however, we recommend further investigation with a larger sample population.
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60
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Weinberg-Shukron A, Rachmiel M, Renbaum P, Gulsuner S, Walsh T, Lobel O, Dreifuss A, Ben-Moshe A, Zeligson S, Segel R, Shore T, Kalifa R, Goldberg M, King MC, Gerlitz O, Levy-Lahad E, Zangen D. Essential Role of BRCA2 in Ovarian Development and Function. N Engl J Med 2018; 379:1042-1049. [PMID: 30207912 PMCID: PMC6230262 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1800024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The causes of ovarian dysgenesis remain incompletely understood. Two sisters with XX ovarian dysgenesis carried compound heterozygous truncating mutations in the BRCA2 gene that led to reduced BRCA2 protein levels and an impaired response to DNA damage, which resulted in chromosomal breakage and the failure of RAD51 to be recruited to double-stranded DNA breaks. The sisters also had microcephaly, and one sister was in long-term remission from leukemia, which had been diagnosed when she was 5 years old. Drosophila mutants that were null for an orthologue of BRCA2 were sterile, and gonadal dysgenesis was present in both sexes. These results revealed a new role for BRCA2 and highlight the importance to ovarian development of genes that are critical for recombination during meiosis. (Funded by the Israel Science Foundation and others.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariella Weinberg-Shukron
- From the Medical Genetics Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center (A.W.-S., P.R., O.L., S.Z., R.S., E.L.-L.), the Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Hadassah Medical School (A.W.-S., E.L.-L., D.Z.), the Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, IMRIC (Institute for Medical Research, Israel-Canada), Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem (A.D., T.S., R.K., O.G.), the Department of Genetics, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem (A.B.-M., M.G.), and the Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center (D.Z.), Jerusalem, and the Pediatric Endocrinology Clinic, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv (M.R.) - all in Israel; and the Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine and the Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle (S.G., T.W., M.-C.K.)
| | - Mariana Rachmiel
- From the Medical Genetics Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center (A.W.-S., P.R., O.L., S.Z., R.S., E.L.-L.), the Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Hadassah Medical School (A.W.-S., E.L.-L., D.Z.), the Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, IMRIC (Institute for Medical Research, Israel-Canada), Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem (A.D., T.S., R.K., O.G.), the Department of Genetics, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem (A.B.-M., M.G.), and the Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center (D.Z.), Jerusalem, and the Pediatric Endocrinology Clinic, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv (M.R.) - all in Israel; and the Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine and the Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle (S.G., T.W., M.-C.K.)
| | - Paul Renbaum
- From the Medical Genetics Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center (A.W.-S., P.R., O.L., S.Z., R.S., E.L.-L.), the Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Hadassah Medical School (A.W.-S., E.L.-L., D.Z.), the Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, IMRIC (Institute for Medical Research, Israel-Canada), Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem (A.D., T.S., R.K., O.G.), the Department of Genetics, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem (A.B.-M., M.G.), and the Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center (D.Z.), Jerusalem, and the Pediatric Endocrinology Clinic, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv (M.R.) - all in Israel; and the Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine and the Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle (S.G., T.W., M.-C.K.)
| | - Suleyman Gulsuner
- From the Medical Genetics Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center (A.W.-S., P.R., O.L., S.Z., R.S., E.L.-L.), the Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Hadassah Medical School (A.W.-S., E.L.-L., D.Z.), the Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, IMRIC (Institute for Medical Research, Israel-Canada), Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem (A.D., T.S., R.K., O.G.), the Department of Genetics, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem (A.B.-M., M.G.), and the Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center (D.Z.), Jerusalem, and the Pediatric Endocrinology Clinic, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv (M.R.) - all in Israel; and the Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine and the Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle (S.G., T.W., M.-C.K.)
| | - Tom Walsh
- From the Medical Genetics Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center (A.W.-S., P.R., O.L., S.Z., R.S., E.L.-L.), the Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Hadassah Medical School (A.W.-S., E.L.-L., D.Z.), the Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, IMRIC (Institute for Medical Research, Israel-Canada), Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem (A.D., T.S., R.K., O.G.), the Department of Genetics, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem (A.B.-M., M.G.), and the Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center (D.Z.), Jerusalem, and the Pediatric Endocrinology Clinic, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv (M.R.) - all in Israel; and the Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine and the Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle (S.G., T.W., M.-C.K.)
| | - Orit Lobel
- From the Medical Genetics Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center (A.W.-S., P.R., O.L., S.Z., R.S., E.L.-L.), the Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Hadassah Medical School (A.W.-S., E.L.-L., D.Z.), the Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, IMRIC (Institute for Medical Research, Israel-Canada), Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem (A.D., T.S., R.K., O.G.), the Department of Genetics, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem (A.B.-M., M.G.), and the Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center (D.Z.), Jerusalem, and the Pediatric Endocrinology Clinic, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv (M.R.) - all in Israel; and the Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine and the Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle (S.G., T.W., M.-C.K.)
| | - Amatzia Dreifuss
- From the Medical Genetics Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center (A.W.-S., P.R., O.L., S.Z., R.S., E.L.-L.), the Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Hadassah Medical School (A.W.-S., E.L.-L., D.Z.), the Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, IMRIC (Institute for Medical Research, Israel-Canada), Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem (A.D., T.S., R.K., O.G.), the Department of Genetics, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem (A.B.-M., M.G.), and the Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center (D.Z.), Jerusalem, and the Pediatric Endocrinology Clinic, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv (M.R.) - all in Israel; and the Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine and the Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle (S.G., T.W., M.-C.K.)
| | - Avital Ben-Moshe
- From the Medical Genetics Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center (A.W.-S., P.R., O.L., S.Z., R.S., E.L.-L.), the Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Hadassah Medical School (A.W.-S., E.L.-L., D.Z.), the Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, IMRIC (Institute for Medical Research, Israel-Canada), Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem (A.D., T.S., R.K., O.G.), the Department of Genetics, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem (A.B.-M., M.G.), and the Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center (D.Z.), Jerusalem, and the Pediatric Endocrinology Clinic, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv (M.R.) - all in Israel; and the Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine and the Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle (S.G., T.W., M.-C.K.)
| | - Sharon Zeligson
- From the Medical Genetics Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center (A.W.-S., P.R., O.L., S.Z., R.S., E.L.-L.), the Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Hadassah Medical School (A.W.-S., E.L.-L., D.Z.), the Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, IMRIC (Institute for Medical Research, Israel-Canada), Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem (A.D., T.S., R.K., O.G.), the Department of Genetics, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem (A.B.-M., M.G.), and the Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center (D.Z.), Jerusalem, and the Pediatric Endocrinology Clinic, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv (M.R.) - all in Israel; and the Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine and the Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle (S.G., T.W., M.-C.K.)
| | - Reeval Segel
- From the Medical Genetics Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center (A.W.-S., P.R., O.L., S.Z., R.S., E.L.-L.), the Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Hadassah Medical School (A.W.-S., E.L.-L., D.Z.), the Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, IMRIC (Institute for Medical Research, Israel-Canada), Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem (A.D., T.S., R.K., O.G.), the Department of Genetics, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem (A.B.-M., M.G.), and the Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center (D.Z.), Jerusalem, and the Pediatric Endocrinology Clinic, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv (M.R.) - all in Israel; and the Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine and the Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle (S.G., T.W., M.-C.K.)
| | - Tikva Shore
- From the Medical Genetics Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center (A.W.-S., P.R., O.L., S.Z., R.S., E.L.-L.), the Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Hadassah Medical School (A.W.-S., E.L.-L., D.Z.), the Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, IMRIC (Institute for Medical Research, Israel-Canada), Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem (A.D., T.S., R.K., O.G.), the Department of Genetics, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem (A.B.-M., M.G.), and the Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center (D.Z.), Jerusalem, and the Pediatric Endocrinology Clinic, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv (M.R.) - all in Israel; and the Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine and the Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle (S.G., T.W., M.-C.K.)
| | - Rachel Kalifa
- From the Medical Genetics Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center (A.W.-S., P.R., O.L., S.Z., R.S., E.L.-L.), the Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Hadassah Medical School (A.W.-S., E.L.-L., D.Z.), the Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, IMRIC (Institute for Medical Research, Israel-Canada), Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem (A.D., T.S., R.K., O.G.), the Department of Genetics, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem (A.B.-M., M.G.), and the Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center (D.Z.), Jerusalem, and the Pediatric Endocrinology Clinic, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv (M.R.) - all in Israel; and the Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine and the Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle (S.G., T.W., M.-C.K.)
| | - Michal Goldberg
- From the Medical Genetics Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center (A.W.-S., P.R., O.L., S.Z., R.S., E.L.-L.), the Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Hadassah Medical School (A.W.-S., E.L.-L., D.Z.), the Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, IMRIC (Institute for Medical Research, Israel-Canada), Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem (A.D., T.S., R.K., O.G.), the Department of Genetics, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem (A.B.-M., M.G.), and the Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center (D.Z.), Jerusalem, and the Pediatric Endocrinology Clinic, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv (M.R.) - all in Israel; and the Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine and the Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle (S.G., T.W., M.-C.K.)
| | - Mary-Claire King
- From the Medical Genetics Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center (A.W.-S., P.R., O.L., S.Z., R.S., E.L.-L.), the Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Hadassah Medical School (A.W.-S., E.L.-L., D.Z.), the Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, IMRIC (Institute for Medical Research, Israel-Canada), Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem (A.D., T.S., R.K., O.G.), the Department of Genetics, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem (A.B.-M., M.G.), and the Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center (D.Z.), Jerusalem, and the Pediatric Endocrinology Clinic, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv (M.R.) - all in Israel; and the Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine and the Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle (S.G., T.W., M.-C.K.)
| | - Offer Gerlitz
- From the Medical Genetics Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center (A.W.-S., P.R., O.L., S.Z., R.S., E.L.-L.), the Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Hadassah Medical School (A.W.-S., E.L.-L., D.Z.), the Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, IMRIC (Institute for Medical Research, Israel-Canada), Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem (A.D., T.S., R.K., O.G.), the Department of Genetics, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem (A.B.-M., M.G.), and the Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center (D.Z.), Jerusalem, and the Pediatric Endocrinology Clinic, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv (M.R.) - all in Israel; and the Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine and the Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle (S.G., T.W., M.-C.K.)
| | - Ephrat Levy-Lahad
- From the Medical Genetics Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center (A.W.-S., P.R., O.L., S.Z., R.S., E.L.-L.), the Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Hadassah Medical School (A.W.-S., E.L.-L., D.Z.), the Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, IMRIC (Institute for Medical Research, Israel-Canada), Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem (A.D., T.S., R.K., O.G.), the Department of Genetics, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem (A.B.-M., M.G.), and the Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center (D.Z.), Jerusalem, and the Pediatric Endocrinology Clinic, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv (M.R.) - all in Israel; and the Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine and the Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle (S.G., T.W., M.-C.K.)
| | - David Zangen
- From the Medical Genetics Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center (A.W.-S., P.R., O.L., S.Z., R.S., E.L.-L.), the Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Hadassah Medical School (A.W.-S., E.L.-L., D.Z.), the Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, IMRIC (Institute for Medical Research, Israel-Canada), Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem (A.D., T.S., R.K., O.G.), the Department of Genetics, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem (A.B.-M., M.G.), and the Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center (D.Z.), Jerusalem, and the Pediatric Endocrinology Clinic, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv (M.R.) - all in Israel; and the Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine and the Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle (S.G., T.W., M.-C.K.)
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Yang Y, Guo J, Dai L, Zhu Y, Hu H, Tan L, Chen W, Liang D, He J, Tu M, Wang K, Wu L. XRCC2 mutation causes meiotic arrest, azoospermia and infertility. J Med Genet 2018; 55:628-636. [PMID: 30042186 PMCID: PMC6119352 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2017-105145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Meiotic homologous recombination (HR) plays an essential role in gametogenesis. In most eukaryotes, meiotic HR is mediated by two recombinase systems: ubiquitous RAD51 and meiosis-specific DMC1. In the RAD51-mediated HR system, RAD51 and five RAD51 paralogues are essential for normal RAD51 function, but the role of RAD51 in human meiosis is unclear. The knockout of Rad51 or any Rad51 paralogue in mice exhibits embryonic lethality. We investigated a family with meiotic arrest, azoospermia and infertility but without other abnormalities. Methods Homozygosity mapping and whole-exome sequencing were performed in a consanguineous family. An animal model carrying a related mutation was created by using a CRISPR/Cas9 system. Results We identified a 1 bp homozygous substitution (c.41T>C/p.Leu14Pro) on a RAD51 paralogue, namely, XRCC2, in the consanguineous family. We did not detect any XRCC2 recessive mutation in a cohort of 127 males with non-obstructive-azoospermia. Knockin mice with Xrcc2-c.T41C/p.Leu14Pro mutation were generated successfully by the CRISPR/Cas9 method. The homozygotes survived and exhibited meiotic arrest, azoospermia, premature ovarian failure and infertility. Conclusion A XRCC2 recessive mutation causing meiotic arrest and infertility in humans was duplicated with knockin mice. Our results revealed a new Mendelian hereditary entity and provided an experimental model of RAD51-HR gene defect in mammalian meiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjia Yang
- The Laboratory of Genetics and Metabolism, Hunan Children's Research Institute (HCRI), Hunan Children's Hospital, University of South China, Changsha, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jihong Guo
- The Laboratory of Genetics and Metabolism, Hunan Children's Research Institute (HCRI), Hunan Children's Hospital, University of South China, Changsha, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lei Dai
- The Laboratory of Genetics and Metabolism, Hunan Children's Research Institute (HCRI), Hunan Children's Hospital, University of South China, Changsha, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yimin Zhu
- The Laboratory of Genetics and Metabolism, Hunan Children's Research Institute (HCRI), Hunan Children's Hospital, University of South China, Changsha, China.,Hunan People's Hospital, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Hao Hu
- The Laboratory of Genetics and Metabolism, Hunan Children's Research Institute (HCRI), Hunan Children's Hospital, University of South China, Changsha, China.,Department of Genetics, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Lihong Tan
- The Laboratory of Genetics and Metabolism, Hunan Children's Research Institute (HCRI), Hunan Children's Hospital, University of South China, Changsha, China
| | - Weijian Chen
- The Laboratory of Genetics and Metabolism, Hunan Children's Research Institute (HCRI), Hunan Children's Hospital, University of South China, Changsha, China
| | - Desheng Liang
- The Laboratory of Genetics and Metabolism, Hunan Children's Research Institute (HCRI), Hunan Children's Hospital, University of South China, Changsha, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jingliang He
- The Laboratory of Genetics and Metabolism, Hunan Children's Research Institute (HCRI), Hunan Children's Hospital, University of South China, Changsha, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ming Tu
- The Laboratory of Genetics and Metabolism, Hunan Children's Research Institute (HCRI), Hunan Children's Hospital, University of South China, Changsha, China
| | - Kewei Wang
- The Laboratory of Genetics and Metabolism, Hunan Children's Research Institute (HCRI), Hunan Children's Hospital, University of South China, Changsha, China
| | - Lingqian Wu
- The Laboratory of Genetics and Metabolism, Hunan Children's Research Institute (HCRI), Hunan Children's Hospital, University of South China, Changsha, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Chen B, Li L, Wang J, Zhou Y, Zhu J, Li T, Pan H, Liu B, Cao Y, Wang B. Identification of the first homozygous POLG mutation causing non-syndromic ovarian dysfunction. Climacteric 2018; 21:467-471. [PMID: 29992832 DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2018.1467891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the genetic cause of non-syndromic ovarian dysfunction in a patient from a consanguineous family. METHODS This study examined a patient with irregular menstrual cycles and abnormal oocytes. The patient had undergone irregular hormone replacement therapy over 3 years to adjust the menstrual cycle and improve ovarian function. Prior to ovarian stimulation in our hospital, 3 months of androgen and regular hormone therapy were used as an intervention method. No follicular development was detected in the subsequent three cycles using letrozole treatment. The patient then received a constantly adjusted dose of menotropins, but produced only one oocyte. RESULTS Whole-exome sequencing analysis identified the first homozygous POLG mutation (c.2890C > T; p.R964C) associated with ovarian dysfunction. Sanger sequencing was used to validate. In silico analysis suggested that the p.R964C mutation was pathogenic. Conservation analysis demonstrated that R964 was an important site for the DNA polymerase function of POLG. CONCLUSIONS Biallelic mutations in POLG may be associated with ovarian dysfunction. This study has improved our understanding of POLG-related genetic mutations in ovarian dysfunction, and the mode of inheritance of certain sequence variants. This information will assist genetic counseling and precision medicine in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Chen
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University , Hefei , China.,b Institute of Reproductive Genetics , Anhui Medical University , Hefei , China.,c Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biopreservation and Artificial Organs , Hefei , China
| | - L Li
- d Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital , Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - J Wang
- e Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology , School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Y Zhou
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University , Hefei , China.,b Institute of Reproductive Genetics , Anhui Medical University , Hefei , China.,c Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biopreservation and Artificial Organs , Hefei , China
| | - J Zhu
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University , Hefei , China.,b Institute of Reproductive Genetics , Anhui Medical University , Hefei , China.,c Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biopreservation and Artificial Organs , Hefei , China
| | - T Li
- f Center for Genetics , National Research Institute for Family Planning , Beijing , China
| | - H Pan
- f Center for Genetics , National Research Institute for Family Planning , Beijing , China
| | - B Liu
- f Center for Genetics , National Research Institute for Family Planning , Beijing , China
| | - Y Cao
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University , Hefei , China.,b Institute of Reproductive Genetics , Anhui Medical University , Hefei , China.,c Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biopreservation and Artificial Organs , Hefei , China
| | - B Wang
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University , Hefei , China.,f Center for Genetics , National Research Institute for Family Planning , Beijing , China.,g Key Laboratory of Family Planning and Reproductive Genetics , National Health and Family Planning Commission, Hebei Research Institute for Family Planning , Hebei , China
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Huhtaniemi I, Hovatta O, La Marca A, Livera G, Monniaux D, Persani L, Heddar A, Jarzabek K, Laisk-Podar T, Salumets A, Tapanainen JS, Veitia RA, Visser JA, Wieacker P, Wolczynski S, Misrahi M. Advances in the Molecular Pathophysiology, Genetics, and Treatment of Primary Ovarian Insufficiency. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2018; 29:400-419. [PMID: 29706485 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) affects ∼1% of women before 40 years of age. The recent leap in genetic knowledge obtained by next generation sequencing (NGS) together with animal models has further elucidated its molecular pathogenesis, identifying novel genes/pathways. Mutations of >60 genes emphasize high genetic heterogeneity. Genome-wide association studies have revealed a shared genetic background between POI and reproductive aging. NGS will provide a genetic diagnosis leading to genetic/therapeutic counseling: first, defects in meiosis or DNA repair genes may predispose to tumors; and second, specific gene defects may predict the risk of rapid loss of a persistent ovarian reserve, an important determinant in fertility preservation. Indeed, a recent innovative treatment of POI by in vitro activation of dormant follicles proved to be successful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilpo Huhtaniemi
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Outi Hovatta
- Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Antonio La Marca
- Mother-Infant Department, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena 41100, Italy
| | - Gabriel Livera
- Laboratory of Development of the Gonads, Unit of Genetic Stability, Stem Cells and Radiation: UMR 967, INSERM; CEA/DRF/iRCM/SCSR; Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité; Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Fontenay aux Roses, F-92265, France
| | - Danielle Monniaux
- UMR85 PRC, Physiology of Reproduction and Behavior, INRA, CNRS, IFCE, University of Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Luca Persani
- Department of Clinical Sciences & Community Health, University of Milan, Milan 20122, Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan 20149, Italy
| | - Abdelkader Heddar
- Medical Faculty, Univ. Paris Sud and Paris Saclay, Bicetre Hospital 94275, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Katarzyna Jarzabek
- Department of Biology and Pathology of Human Reproduction, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Triin Laisk-Podar
- Women's Clinic, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, L. Puusepa 8, Tartu, Estonia; Competence Centre on Health Technologies, 50410, Estonia
| | - Andres Salumets
- Women's Clinic, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, L. Puusepa 8, Tartu, Estonia; Competence Centre on Health Technologies, 50410, Estonia
| | - Juha S Tapanainen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University, Hospital, Helsinki 00029, Finland; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Oulu, University of Oulu, Medical Research Center Oulu and PEDEGO Research Unit, P.O BOX 23, FI-90029 OYS, Oulu, Finland
| | - Reiner A Veitia
- Molecular Oncology and Ovarian Pathologies Université Paris-Diderot/Paris 7, Institut Jacques Monod, 15 Rue Hélène Brion, Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Jenny A Visser
- Dept. of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Wieacker
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Münster, Vesaliusweg 12-14 D48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Slawomir Wolczynski
- Department of Reproduction and Gynecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Bialystok, Sklodowskiej 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Micheline Misrahi
- Medical Faculty, Univ. Paris Sud and Paris Saclay, Bicetre Hospital 94275, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.
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Krausz C, Cioppi F, Riera-Escamilla A. Testing for genetic contributions to infertility: potential clinical impact. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2018. [PMID: 29540081 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2018.1453358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Male infertility affects about 7% of the general male population, and it is a multifactorial, polygenic pathological condition. Known genetic factors, accounting for about 20-25% of male factor infertility, are present in each etiological category: i) hypothalamic-pituitary axis dysfunction; ii) quantitative and qualitative alterations of spermatogenesis; iii) ductal obstruction/dysfunction. Areas covered: All routinely available genetic tests are described. Indication for testing for chromosomal anomalies and Y chromosome microdeletions is based on sperm count (severe oligozoospermia/azoospermia). Mutation screening in candidate genes is indicated in specific semen/testis phenotypes. In about 40% of infertile patients, the aetiology remains unknown ('idiopathic cases') and whole exome sequencing may reveal novel genetic causes. Expert commentary: Genetic testing is essential for its relevance in clinical decision-making. For instance, it helps to avoid unnecessary surgical or medical treatments and it may provide prediction for testicular sperm retrieval. The highest frequency of genetic anomalies is observed in severe spermatogenic impairment, which can be treated with in vitro fertilization (IVF). Given the risk of transmitting genetic disorders to the future offspring through IVF, the diagnosis of known and the discovery of novel genetic factors in idiopathic infertility is of outmost clinical importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csilla Krausz
- a Department of Experimental, Clinical and Biomedical Sciences Mario Serio, Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit , University of Florence , Florence , Italy
| | - Francesca Cioppi
- a Department of Experimental, Clinical and Biomedical Sciences Mario Serio, Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit , University of Florence , Florence , Italy
| | - Antoni Riera-Escamilla
- b Andrology Department , Fundació Puigvert, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau) , Barcelona , Spain
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Bracke A, Peeters K, Punjabi U, Hoogewijs D, Dewilde S. A search for molecular mechanisms underlying male idiopathic infertility. Reprod Biomed Online 2018; 36:327-339. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Richards JS, Ren YA, Candelaria N, Adams JE, Rajkovic A. Ovarian Follicular Theca Cell Recruitment, Differentiation, and Impact on Fertility: 2017 Update. Endocr Rev 2018; 39:1-20. [PMID: 29028960 PMCID: PMC5807095 DOI: 10.1210/er.2017-00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The major goal of this review is to summarize recent exciting findings that have been published within the past 10 years that, to our knowledge, have not been presented in detail in previous reviews and that may impact altered follicular development in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and premature ovarian failure in women. Specifically, we will cover the following: (1) mouse models that have led to discovery of the derivation of two precursor populations of theca cells in the embryonic gonad; (2) the key roles of the oocyte-derived factor growth differentiation factor 9 on the hedgehog (HH) signaling pathway and theca cell functions; and (3) the impact of the HH pathway on both the specification of theca endocrine cells and theca fibroblast and smooth muscle cells in developing follicles. We will also discuss the following: (1) other signaling pathways that impact the differentiation of theca cells, not only luteinizing hormone but also insulinlike 3, bone morphogenic proteins, the circadian clock genes, androgens, and estrogens; and (2) theca-associated vascular, immune, and fibroblast cells, as well as the cytokines and matrix factors that play key roles in follicle growth. Lastly, we will integrate what is known about theca cells from mouse models, human-derived theca cell lines from patients who have PCOS and patients who do not have PCOS, and microarray analyses of human and bovine theca to understand what pathways and factors contribute to follicle growth as well as to the abnormal function of theca.
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Affiliation(s)
- JoAnne S. Richards
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Yi A. Ren
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Nicholes Candelaria
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Jaye E. Adams
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Aleksandar Rajkovic
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Magee-Women’s Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
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Normand EA, Alaimo JT, Van den Veyver IB. Exome and genome sequencing in reproductive medicine. Fertil Steril 2018; 109:213-220. [PMID: 29395096 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The advent of next-generation sequencing has enabled clinicians to assess many genes simultaneously and at high resolution. This is advantageous for diagnosing patients in whom a genetic disorder is suspected but who have a nonspecific or atypical phenotype or when the disorder has significant genetic heterogeneity. Herein, we describe common clinical applications of next-generation sequencing technology, as well as their respective benefits and limitations. We then discuss key considerations of variant interpretation and reporting, clinical utility, pre- and posttest genetic counseling, and ethical challenges. We will present these topics with an emphasis on their applicability to the reproductive medicine setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Normand
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Baylor Genetics Laboratory, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Joseph T Alaimo
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Baylor Genetics Laboratory, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Ignatia B Van den Veyver
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
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Al-Agha AE, Ahmed IA, Nuebel E, Moriwaki M, Moore B, Peacock KA, Mosbruger T, Neklason DW, Jorde LB, Yandell M, Welt CK. Primary Ovarian Insufficiency and Azoospermia in Carriers of a Homozygous PSMC3IP Stop Gain Mutation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:555-563. [PMID: 29240891 PMCID: PMC5800840 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-01966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The etiology of primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) remains unknown in most cases. OBJECTIVE We sought to identify the genes causing POI. DESIGN The study was a familial genetic study. SETTING The study was performed at two academic institutions. PATIENTS We identified a consanguineous Yemeni family in which four daughters had POI. A brother had azoospermia. INTERVENTION DNA was subjected to whole genome sequencing. Shared regions of homozygosity were identified using Truploidy and prioritized using the Variant Annotation, Analysis, and Search Tool with control data from 387 healthy subjects. Imaging and quantification of protein localization and mitochondrial function were examined in cell lines. MAIN OUTCOME Homozygous recessive gene variants shared by the four sisters. RESULTS The sisters shared a homozygous stop gain mutation in exon 6 of PSMC3IP (c.489 C>G, p.Tyr163Ter) and a missense variant in exon 1 of CLPP (c.100C>T, p.Pro34Ser). The affected brother also carried the homozygous PSMC3IP mutation. Functional studies demonstrated mitochondrial fragmentation in cells infected with the CLPP mutation. However, no abnormality was found in mitochondrial targeting or respiration. CONCLUSIONS The PSMC3IP mutation provides additional evidence that mutations in meiotic homologous recombination and DNA repair genes result in distinct female and male reproductive phenotypes, including delayed puberty and primary amenorrhea caused by POI (XX gonadal dysgenesis) in females but isolated azoospermia with normal pubertal development in males. The findings also suggest that the N-terminal missense mutation in CLPP does not cause substantial mitochondrial dysfunction or contribute to ovarian insufficiency in an oligogenic manner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ihab Abdulhamed Ahmed
- Pediatric Department, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esther Nuebel
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
| | - Mika Moriwaki
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
| | - Barry Moore
- UStar Center for Genetic Discovery, Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
| | - Katherine A. Peacock
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
| | - Tim Mosbruger
- Bioinformatics, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
| | - Deborah W. Neklason
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
| | - Lynn B. Jorde
- UStar Center for Genetic Discovery, Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
| | - Mark Yandell
- UStar Center for Genetic Discovery, Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
| | - Corrine K. Welt
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
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Nagamatsu G, Hayashi K. Stem cells, in vitro gametogenesis and male fertility. Reproduction 2017; 154:F79-F91. [PMID: 29133304 DOI: 10.1530/rep-17-0510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Reconstitution in culture of biological processes, such as differentiation and organization, is a key challenge in regenerative medicine, and one in which stem cell technology plays a central role. Pluripotent stem cells and spermatogonial stem cells are useful materials for reconstitution of germ cell development in vitro, as they are capable of differentiating into gametes. Reconstitution of germ cell development, termed in vitro gametogenesis, will provide an experimental platform for a better understanding of germ cell development, as well as an alternative source of gametes for reproduction, with the potential to cure infertility. Since germ cells are the cells for 'the next generation', both the culture system and its products must be carefully evaluated. In this issue, we summarize the progress in in vitro gametogenesis, most of which has been made using mouse models, as well as the future challenges in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Go Nagamatsu
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and MedicineGraduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Hayashi
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and MedicineGraduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Bouali N, Francou B, Bouligand J, Imanci D, Dimassi S, Tosca L, Zaouali M, Mougou S, Young J, Saad A, Guiochon-Mantel A. New MCM8 mutation associated with premature ovarian insufficiency and chromosomal instability in a highly consanguineous Tunisian family. Fertil Steril 2017; 108:694-702. [PMID: 28863940 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the gene(s) involved in the etiology of premature ovarian insufficiency in a highly consanguineous Tunisian family. DESIGN Genetic analysis of a large consanguineous family with several affected siblings. SETTING University hospital-based cytogenetics and molecular genetics laboratories. PATIENT(S) A highly consanguineous Tunisian family with several affected siblings born to healthy second-degree cousins. INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Targeted exome sequencing was performed by next-generation sequencing for affected family members. Mutations were validated by Sanger sequencing. Functional experiments were performed to explore the deleterious effects of the identified mutation. DNA damage was induced by increasing mitomycin C (MMC) concentrations on cultured peripheral lymphocytes. RESULT(S) Analysis of the next-generation sequencing data revealed a new homozygous missense mutation in the minichromosome maintenance 8 gene (MCM8).This homozygous mutation (c. 482A>C; p.His161Pro) was predicted to be deleterious and segregated with the disease in the family. MCM8 participates in homologous recombination during meiosis and DNA double-stranded break repair by dimerizing with MCM9. Mcm8 knock out results in an early block in follicle development and small gonads. Given this, we tested the chromosomal breakage repair capacity of homozygous and heterozygous MCM8 p.His161Pro mutation on cultured peripheral lymphocytes exposed to increasing MMC concentrations. We found that chromosomal breakage after MMC exposure was significantly higher in cells from homozygously affected individuals than in those from a healthy control. CONCLUSION(S) Our findings provide additional support to the view that MCM8 mutations are involved in the primary ovarian insufficiency phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouha Bouali
- Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics, Molecular Genetics and Reproductive Biology, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia.
| | - Bruno Francou
- Inserm UMRS_1185, Faculté de Médecine Paris Sud, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Service de Génétique Moléculaire, Pharmacogénétique et Hormonologie, Hôpital Bicêtre, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Jérôme Bouligand
- Inserm UMRS_1185, Faculté de Médecine Paris Sud, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Service de Génétique Moléculaire, Pharmacogénétique et Hormonologie, Hôpital Bicêtre, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Dilek Imanci
- Service de Génétique Moléculaire, Pharmacogénétique et Hormonologie, Hôpital Bicêtre, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Sarra Dimassi
- Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics, Molecular Genetics and Reproductive Biology, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Lucie Tosca
- Service d'Histologie, Embryologie et Cytogénétique, Hôpital Antoine-Béclère, Clamart, France
| | - Monia Zaouali
- Department of Physiology and Functional Exploration, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Soumaya Mougou
- Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics, Molecular Genetics and Reproductive Biology, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Jacques Young
- Inserm UMRS_1185, Faculté de Médecine Paris Sud, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Service d'Endocrinologie et des maladies de la Reproduction, Hôpital Bicêtre, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Ali Saad
- Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics, Molecular Genetics and Reproductive Biology, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Anne Guiochon-Mantel
- Inserm UMRS_1185, Faculté de Médecine Paris Sud, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Service de Génétique Moléculaire, Pharmacogénétique et Hormonologie, Hôpital Bicêtre, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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Smirin-Yosef P, Zuckerman-Levin N, Tzur S, Granot Y, Cohen L, Sachsenweger J, Borck G, Lagovsky I, Salmon-Divon M, Wiesmüller L, Basel-Vanagaite L. A Biallelic Mutation in the Homologous Recombination Repair Gene SPIDR Is Associated With Human Gonadal Dysgenesis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017; 102:681-688. [PMID: 27967308 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2016-2714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) is caused by ovarian follicle depletion or follicle dysfunction, characterized by amenorrhea with elevated gonadotropin levels. The disorder presents as absence of normal progression of puberty. OBJECTIVE To elucidate the cause of ovarian dysfunction in a family with POI. DESIGN We performed whole-exome sequencing in 2 affected individuals. To evaluate whether DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair activities are altered in biallelic mutation carriers, we applied an enhanced green fluorescent protein-based assay for the detection of specific DSB repair pathways in blood-derived cells. SETTING Diagnoses were made at the Pediatric Endocrine Clinic, Clalit Health Services, Sharon-Shomron District, Israel. Genetic counseling and sample collection were performed at the Pediatric Genetics Unit, Schneider Children's Medical Center Israel, Petah Tikva, Israel. PATIENTS AND INTERVENTION Two sisters born to consanguineous parents of Israeli Muslim Arab ancestry presented with a lack of normal progression of puberty, high gonadotropin levels, and hypoplastic or absent ovaries on ultrasound. Blood samples for DNA extraction were obtained from all family members. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Exome analysis to elucidate the cause of POI in 2 affected sisters. RESULTS Analysis revealed a stop-gain homozygous mutation in the SPIDR gene (KIAA0146) c.839G>A, p.W280*. This mutation altered SPIDR activity in homologous recombination, resulting in the accumulation of 53BP1-labeled DSBs postionizing radiation and γH2AX-labeled damage during unperturbed growth. CONCLUSIONS SPIDR is important for ovarian function in humans. A biallelic mutation in this gene may be associated with ovarian dysgenesis in cases of autosomal recessive inheritance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pola Smirin-Yosef
- Genomic Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva 4941492, Israel
| | - Nehama Zuckerman-Levin
- Clalit Health Services, Sharon-Shomron District 42505, Israel
- Pediatric Diabetes and Obesity Clinic, Rambam Medical Center, Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine-Technion, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Shay Tzur
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel
- Genomic Research Department, Emedgene Technologies, Tel-Aviv 6789126, Israel
| | - Yaron Granot
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel
| | - Lior Cohen
- Raphael Recanati Genetics Institute, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petah Tikva 4941492, Israel
- Pediatric Genetics Unit, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikva 49202, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | | | - Guntram Borck
- Institute of Human Genetics, ULM University, Ulm 89081, Germany; and
| | - Irina Lagovsky
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva 4941492, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Mali Salmon-Divon
- Genomic Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel
| | - Lisa Wiesmüller
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ulm University, Ulm 89075, Germany
| | - Lina Basel-Vanagaite
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva 4941492, Israel
- Raphael Recanati Genetics Institute, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petah Tikva 4941492, Israel
- Pediatric Genetics Unit, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikva 49202, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
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Desai S, Wood-Trageser M, Matic J, Chipkin J, Jiang H, Bachelot A, Dulon J, Sala C, Barbieri C, Cocca M, Toniolo D, Touraine P, Witchel S, Rajkovic A. MCM8 and MCM9 Nucleotide Variants in Women With Primary Ovarian Insufficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017; 102:576-582. [PMID: 27802094 PMCID: PMC5413161 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2016-2565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective To assess the frequency of variants, including biallelic pathogenic variants, in minichromosome maintenance 8 (MCM8) and minichromosome maintenance 9 (MCM9), other genes related to MCM8-MCM9, and DNA damage repair (DDR) pathway in participants with primary ovarian insufficiency (POI). Design MCM8, MCM9, and genes encoding DDR proteins that have been implicated in reproductive aging were sequenced among POI participants. Setting Academic research institution. Participants All were diagnosed with POI prior to age 40 years and presented with elevated follicle-stimulating hormone levels. Interventions None. Main Outcome Measures We identified nucleotide variants in MCM8, MCM9, and genes thought to be involved in the DNA damage response pathway and/or implicated in reproductive aging. Results MCM8 was sequenced in 155 POI participants, whereas MCM9 was sequenced in 151 participants. Three of 155 (2%) participants carried possibly damaging heterozygous variants in MCM8, whereas 7 of 151 (5%) individuals carried possibly damaging heterozygous variants in MCM9. One participant carried a novel homozygous variant, c.1651C>T, p.Gln551*, in MCM9, which is predicted to introduce a premature stop codon in exon 9. Biallelic damaging heterozygous variants in both MCM8 and MCM9 were identified in 1 participant. Of a total of 10 participants carrying damaging heterozygous variants in either MCM8 or MCM9, 2 individuals carried heterozygous damaging variants in genes associated with either MCM8 or MCM9 or the DDR pathway. Conclusions We identified a significant number of potentially damaging and novel variants in MCM8 and MCM9 among participants with POI and examined multiallelic association with variants in DDR and MCM8-MCM9 interactome genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapna Desai
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Michelle Wood-Trageser
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Jelena Matic
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Jaqueline Chipkin
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Huaiyang Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Anne Bachelot
- AP-HP, IE3M, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Department of Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine and Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la croissance et Centre des Pathologies gynécologiques Rares, ICAN, 75651 Paris, Cedex 13 France
| | - Jerome Dulon
- AP-HP, IE3M, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Department of Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine and Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la croissance et Centre des Pathologies gynécologiques Rares, ICAN, 75651 Paris, Cedex 13 France
| | - Cinzia Sala
- San Raffaele Research Institute, Milano, 20132 Italy
| | | | - Massimiliano Cocca
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health–IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo,” University of Trieste, Trieste, 34137 Italy
| | | | - Philippe Touraine
- AP-HP, IE3M, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Department of Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine and Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la croissance et Centre des Pathologies gynécologiques Rares, ICAN, 75651 Paris, Cedex 13 France
| | - Selma Witchel
- Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
| | - Aleksandar Rajkovic
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261; and
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
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O'Driscoll M. The pathological consequences of impaired genome integrity in humans; disorders of the DNA replication machinery. J Pathol 2017; 241:192-207. [PMID: 27757957 DOI: 10.1002/path.4828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Accurate and efficient replication of the human genome occurs in the context of an array of constitutional barriers, including regional topological constraints imposed by chromatin architecture and processes such as transcription, catenation of the helical polymer and spontaneously generated DNA lesions, including base modifications and strand breaks. DNA replication is fundamentally important for tissue development and homeostasis; differentiation programmes are intimately linked with stem cell division. Unsurprisingly, impairments of the DNA replication machinery can have catastrophic consequences for genome stability and cell division. Functional impacts on DNA replication and genome stability have long been known to play roles in malignant transformation through a variety of complex mechanisms, and significant further insights have been gained from studying model organisms in this context. Congenital hypomorphic defects in components of the DNA replication machinery have been and continue to be identified in humans. These disorders present with a wide range of clinical features. Indeed, in some instances, different mutations in the same gene underlie different clinical presentations. Understanding the origin and molecular basis of these features opens a window onto the range of developmental impacts of suboptimal DNA replication and genome instability in humans. Here, I will briefly overview the basic steps involved in DNA replication and the key concepts that have emerged from this area of research, before switching emphasis to the pathological consequences of defects within the DNA replication network; the human disorders. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark O'Driscoll
- Human DNA Damage Response Disorders Group, Genome Damage & Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
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74
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Rossetti R, Ferrari I, Bonomi M, Persani L. Genetics of primary ovarian insufficiency. Clin Genet 2016; 91:183-198. [PMID: 27861765 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) is characterized by a loss of ovarian function before the age of 40 and account for one major cause of female infertility. POI relevance is continuously growing because of the increasing number of women desiring conception beyond 30 years of age, when POI prevalence is >1%. POI is highly heterogeneous and can present with ovarian dysgenesis and primary amenorrhea, or with secondary amenorrhea, and it can be associated with other congenital or acquired abnormalities. In most cases POI remains classified as idiopathic. However, the age of menopause is an inheritable trait and POI has a strong genetic component. This is confirmed by the existence of several candidate genes, experimental and natural models. The variable expressivity of POI defect may indicate that, this disease may frequently be considered as a multifactorial or oligogenic defect. The most common genetic contributors to POI are the X chromosome-linked defects. Here, we review the principal X-linked and autosomal genes involved in syndromic and non-syndromic forms of POI with the expectation that this list will soon be upgraded, thus allowing the possibility to predict the risk of an early age at menopause in families with POI.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rossetti
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - I Ferrari
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - M Bonomi
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - L Persani
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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75
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Mitchell MJ, Metzler-Guillemain C, Toure A, Coutton C, Arnoult C, Ray PF. Single gene defects leading to sperm quantitative anomalies. Clin Genet 2016; 91:208-216. [PMID: 27779755 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Azoospermia, defined by the absence of sperm in the ejaculate, is estimated to affect up to 1% of men in the general population. Assisted reproductive technologies have revolutionized the treatment of infertility, and some azoospermic men, those with a post-meiotic defect, can conceive following the use of viable spermatoza recovered from testicular or epididymal biopsies. Although male infertility is a multifactorial disease, it is believed that genetic factors are predominant in the etiology of azoospermia and severe oligozoospermia. Despite that assumption, substantiated by the high number of infertile knockout (KO) mice and the even higher number of genes expressed essentially in the testis, little is known about the pathophysiology of reduced sperm production, its primary causes or the genetic and epigenetic consequences for the gamete and the future conceptus. The identification of genetic abnormalities is therefore paramount to understand spermatogenesis, to adopt the best course of action for the patient and to provide adequate genetic counseling. We provide here a review of the recent literature on the genetics of azoospermia and oligozoospermia, focusing on defects directly altering sperm production. New sequencing technologies are contributing to the rapid evolution of the recent field of infertility genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Mitchell
- Génétique Médicale et Génomique Fonctionnelle, Aix Marseille University, INSERM, Marseille, France
| | - C Metzler-Guillemain
- Génétique Médicale et Génomique Fonctionnelle, Aix Marseille University, INSERM, Marseille, France
| | - A Toure
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - C Coutton
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,Institut for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Grenoble, France.,CHU Grenoble Alpes, UF de Génétique Chromosomique, Grenoble, France
| | - C Arnoult
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,Institut for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Grenoble, France
| | - P F Ray
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,Institut for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Grenoble, France.,CHU Grenoble Alpes, UF de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, Grenoble, France
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76
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Laven JS, Visser JA, Uitterlinden AG, Vermeij WP, Hoeijmakers JH. Menopause: Genome stability as new paradigm. Maturitas 2016; 92:15-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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77
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Minichromosome maintenance complex component 8 mutations cause primary ovarian insufficiency. Fertil Steril 2016; 106:1485-1489.e2. [PMID: 27573988 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether mutations in the minichromosome maintenance complex component 8 (MCM8) gene were present in 192 patients with sporadic primary ovarian insufficiency (POI). DESIGN Retrospective case-control cohort study. SETTING University-based reproductive medicine center. PATIENT(S) A total of 192 patients with sporadic POI and 312 control women with regular menstruation (192 age-matched women and 120 women >45 years old). INTERVENTION(S) Sanger sequencing was performed in patients with sporadic POI, and potentially pathogenic variants were confirmed in matched controls. DNA damage was induced by mitomycinC (MMC) treatment, and DNA repair capacity was evaluated by histone H2AX phosphorylation level. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Sanger sequencing for MCM8 was performed in 192 patients with sporadic POI, and functional experiments were performed to explore the deleterious effects of mutations identified. RESULT(S) Two novel missense variants in MCM8, c. A950T (p. H317L), and c. A1802G (p. H601R), were identified in two patients with POI but absent in 312 controls (the upper 90% confidence limit for the proportion 2/192 is 2.24%). The HeLa cells overexpressing mutant p. H317L and p. H601R showed higher sensitivity to MMC compared with wild type. Furthermore, mutant p. H317L showed decreased repair capacity after MMC treatment with much more histone H2AX phosphorylation remaining after 2 hours of recovery. CONCLUSION(S) Our result suggests novel mutations p. H317L and p. H601R in the MCM8 gene are potentially causative for POI by dysfunctional DNA repair.
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78
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The comparison of animal models for premature ovarian failure established by several different source of inducers. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 81:223-232. [PMID: 27612992 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare premature ovarian failure animal models established by several different source of inducers. Female ICR mice, KM mice, and SD rats were treated by cyclophosphamide at 120 mg/kg, busulfan at 12 mg/kg, cisplatin at 3 or 4 mg/kg, 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide at 160 mg/kg, 35% galactose food pellet, and tripterygium glycosides at 50 mg/kg, respectively. Parameters were analyzed by body weight, serum concentration level of related hormones, ovarian and uterine pathological examination. The results indicated the body weight of mice increased very slowly following single dose of cyclophosphamide (p < 0.05) with damaged ovary; repeated doses of cisplatin could induce body weight significantly decreased (p < 0.01) with a rising trend of serum LH concentration, declining tendency of serum E2 concentration and injured ovary and uterus; 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide also hindered the mice growing (p < 0.05) with damaged ovary and uterus; the body weight of mice feed by 35% galactose food pellet increased slowly (p < 0.05) with dramatically higher serum concentration level of galactose, albumin, and total protein (p < 0.001) and injured ovary. Busulfan and tripterygium glycosides did not present obvious evidences. In conclusion, the inducers presented their respective features in such animal models and should be appropriately applied in preventive methods.
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79
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Laisk-Podar T, Lindgren CM, Peters M, Tapanainen JS, Lambalk CB, Salumets A, Mägi R. Ovarian Physiology and GWAS: Biobanks, Biology, and Beyond. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2016; 27:516-528. [PMID: 27221566 PMCID: PMC7610559 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian function is central to female fertility, and several genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been carried out to elucidate the genetic background of traits and disorders that reflect and affect ovarian physiology. While GWAS have been successful in reporting numerous genetic associations and highlighting involved pathways relevant to reproductive aging, for ovarian disorders, such as premature ovarian insufficiency and polycystic ovary syndrome, research has lagged behind due to insufficient study sample size. Novel approaches to study design and analysis methods that help to fit GWAS findings into biological context will improve our knowledge about genetics governing ovarian function in fertility and disease, and provide input for clinical tools and better patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Triin Laisk-Podar
- Women's Clinic, University of Tartu, Tartu 51014, Estonia; Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tartu 50410, Estonia.
| | - Cecilia M Lindgren
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Maire Peters
- Women's Clinic, University of Tartu, Tartu 51014, Estonia; Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tartu 50410, Estonia
| | - Juha S Tapanainen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki 00014, Finland; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Oulu, University of Oulu, Medical Research Center Oulu and PEDEGO Research Unit, Oulu 90029, Finland
| | - Cornelis B Lambalk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam 1007 MB, Netherlands
| | - Andres Salumets
- Women's Clinic, University of Tartu, Tartu 51014, Estonia; Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tartu 50410, Estonia; Institute of Bio- and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - Reedik Mägi
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia
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80
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Abstract
In the female gonad, distinct signalling pathways activate ovarian differentiation while repressing the formation of testes. Human disorders of sex development (DSDs), such as 46,XX DSDs, can arise when this signalling is aberrant. Here we review the current understanding of the genetic mechanisms that control gonadal development, with particular emphasis on those that drive or inhibit ovarian differentiation. We discuss how disruption to these molecular pathways can lead to 46,XX disorders of ovarian development. Finally, we look at recently characterized novel genes and pathways that contribute and speculate how advances in technology will aid in further characterization of normal and disrupted human ovarian development.
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81
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The "omics" of human male infertility: integrating big data in a systems biology approach. Cell Tissue Res 2015; 363:295-312. [PMID: 26661835 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-015-2320-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Spermatogenesis is a complex process in which >2300 genes are temporally and spatially regulated to form a terminally differentiated sperm cell that must maintain the ability to contribute to a totipotent embryo which can successfully differentiate into a healthy individual. This process is dependent on fidelity of the genome, epigenome, transcriptome, and proteome of the spermatogonia, supporting cells, and the resulting sperm cell. Infertility and/or disease risk may increase in the offspring if abnormalities are present. This review highlights the recent advances in our understanding of these processes in light of the "omics revolution". We briefly review each of these areas, as well as highlight areas of future study and needs to advance further.
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82
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Weinberg-Shukron A, Renbaum P, Kalifa R, Zeligson S, Ben-Neriah Z, Dreifuss A, Abu-Rayyan A, Maatuk N, Fardian N, Rekler D, Kanaan M, Samson AO, Levy-Lahad E, Gerlitz O, Zangen D. A mutation in the nucleoporin-107 gene causes XX gonadal dysgenesis. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:4295-304. [PMID: 26485283 DOI: 10.1172/jci83553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian development and maintenance are poorly understood; however, diseases that affect these processes can offer insights into the underlying mechanisms. XX female gonadal dysgenesis (XX-GD) is a rare, genetically heterogeneous disorder that is characterized by underdeveloped, dysfunctional ovaries, with subsequent lack of spontaneous pubertal development, primary amenorrhea, uterine hypoplasia, and hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. Here, we report an extended consanguineous family of Palestinian origin, in which 4 females exhibited XX-GD. Using homozygosity mapping and whole-exome sequencing, we identified a recessive missense mutation in nucleoporin-107 (NUP107, c.1339G>A, p.D447N). This mutation segregated with the XX-GD phenotype and was not present in available databases or in 150 healthy ethnically matched controls. NUP107 is a component of the nuclear pore complex, and the NUP107-associated protein SEH1 is required for oogenesis in Drosophila. In Drosophila, Nup107 knockdown in somatic gonadal cells resulted in female sterility, whereas males were fully fertile. Transgenic rescue of Drosophila females bearing the Nup107D364N mutation, which corresponds to the human NUP107 (p.D447N), resulted in almost complete sterility, with a marked reduction in progeny, morphologically aberrant eggshells, and disintegrating egg chambers, indicating defective oogenesis. These results indicate a pivotal role for NUP107 in ovarian development and suggest that nucleoporin defects may play a role in milder and more common conditions such as premature ovarian failure.
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83
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana A Yatsenko
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Aleksandar Rajkovic
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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