51
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Baer ML, Henderson SC, Colello RJ. Elucidating the Role of Injury-Induced Electric Fields (EFs) in Regulating the Astrocytic Response to Injury in the Mammalian Central Nervous System. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142740. [PMID: 26562295 PMCID: PMC4643040 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Injury to the vertebrate central nervous system (CNS) induces astrocytes to change their morphology, to increase their rate of proliferation, and to display directional migration to the injury site, all to facilitate repair. These astrocytic responses to injury occur in a clear temporal sequence and, by their intensity and duration, can have both beneficial and detrimental effects on the repair of damaged CNS tissue. Studies on highly regenerative tissues in non-mammalian vertebrates have demonstrated that the intensity of direct-current extracellular electric fields (EFs) at the injury site, which are 50-100 fold greater than in uninjured tissue, represent a potent signal to drive tissue repair. In contrast, a 10-fold EF increase has been measured in many injured mammalian tissues where limited regeneration occurs. As the astrocytic response to CNS injury is crucial to the reparative outcome, we exposed purified rat cortical astrocytes to EF intensities associated with intact and injured mammalian tissues, as well as to those EF intensities measured in regenerating non-mammalian vertebrate tissues, to determine whether EFs may contribute to the astrocytic injury response. Astrocytes exposed to EF intensities associated with uninjured tissue showed little change in their cellular behavior. However, astrocytes exposed to EF intensities associated with injured tissue showed a dramatic increase in migration and proliferation. At EF intensities associated with regenerating non-mammalian vertebrate tissues, these cellular responses were even more robust and included morphological changes consistent with a regenerative phenotype. These findings suggest that endogenous EFs may be a crucial signal for regulating the astrocytic response to injury and that their manipulation may be a novel target for facilitating CNS repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L. Baer
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Scott C. Henderson
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Raymond J. Colello
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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52
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Conducting polymer-based multilayer films for instructive biomaterial coatings. Future Sci OA 2015; 1:FSO79. [PMID: 28031928 PMCID: PMC5137882 DOI: 10.4155/fso.15.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To demonstrate the design, fabrication and testing of conformable conducting biomaterials that encourage cell alignment. Materials & methods: Thin conducting composite biomaterials based on multilayer films of poly(3.4-ethylenedioxythiophene) derivatives, chitosan and gelatin were prepared in a layer-by-layer fashion. Fibroblasts were observed with fluorescence microscopy and their alignment (relative to the dipping direction and direction of electrical current passed through the films) was determined using ImageJ. Results: Fibroblasts adhered to and proliferated on the films. Fibroblasts aligned with the dipping direction used during film preparation and this was enhanced by a DC current. Conclusion: We report the preparation of conducting polymer-based films that enhance the alignment of fibroblasts on their surface which is an important feature of a variety of tissues.
Lay abstract: Cells inhabit environments known as the extracellular matrix (ECM) which consists of a mixture of different biomolecules, and the precise composition and topographical properties are different in different tissues (e.g., bone, brain, muscle, skin). Cells interact intimately with the ECM, not only constructing the biomolecules, but assist its organization in 3D space, and its degradation (which is important for tissue remodeling); reciprocally, cells respond to the ECM (e.g., by modifying their size, shape, etc). Cellular alignment is observed in organs and tissues such as bones, muscles and skin, and this alignment is important for the healthy functioning of the organ/tissue. Here, we present a novel method of aligning cells on biomaterials, simply by applying an electrical current through the biomaterial.
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53
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Lobikin M, Lobo D, Blackiston DJ, Martyniuk CJ, Tkachenko E, Levin M. Serotonergic regulation of melanocyte conversion: A bioelectrically regulated network for stochastic all-or-none hyperpigmentation. Sci Signal 2015; 8:ra99. [PMID: 26443706 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aac6609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Experimentally induced depolarization of resting membrane potential in "instructor cells" in Xenopus laevis embryos causes hyperpigmentation in an all-or-none fashion in some tadpoles due to excess proliferation and migration of melanocytes. We showed that this stochastic process involved serotonin signaling, adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP), and the transcription factors cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), Sox10, and Slug. Transcriptional microarray analysis of embryos taken at stage 15 (early neurula) and stage 45 (free-swimming tadpole) revealed changes in the abundance of 45 and 517 transcripts, respectively, between control embryos and embryos exposed to the instructor cell-depolarizing agent ivermectin. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that the human homologs of some of the differentially regulated genes were associated with cancer, consistent with the induced arborization and invasive behavior of converted melanocytes. We identified a physiological circuit that uses serotonergic signaling between instructor cells, melanotrope cells of the pituitary, and melanocytes to control the proliferation, cell shape, and migration properties of the pigment cell pool. To understand the stochasticity and properties of this multiscale signaling system, we applied a computational machine-learning method that iteratively explored network models to reverse-engineer a stochastic dynamic model that recapitulated the frequency of the all-or-none hyperpigmentation phenotype produced in response to various pharmacological and molecular genetic manipulations. This computational approach may provide insight into stochastic cellular decision-making that occurs during normal development and pathological conditions, such as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lobikin
- Biology Department and Center for Regenerative and Developmental Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Daniel Lobo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Douglas J Blackiston
- Biology Department and Center for Regenerative and Developmental Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Christopher J Martyniuk
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology and Department of Physiological Sciences, UF Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Elizabeth Tkachenko
- Biology Department and Center for Regenerative and Developmental Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Michael Levin
- Biology Department and Center for Regenerative and Developmental Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
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54
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Hardy JG, Khaing ZZ, Xin S, Tien LW, Ghezzi CE, Mouser DJ, Sukhavasi RC, Preda RC, Gil ES, Kaplan DL, Schmidt CE. Into the groove: instructive silk-polypyrrole films with topographical guidance cues direct DRG neurite outgrowth. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2015; 26:1327-42. [DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2015.1090181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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55
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Boehler C, Stieglitz T, Asplund M. Nanostructured platinum grass enables superior impedance reduction for neural microelectrodes. Biomaterials 2015; 67:346-53. [PMID: 26232883 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Micro-sized electrodes are essential for highly sensitive communication at the neural interface with superior spatial resolution. However, such small electrodes inevitably suffer from high electrical impedance and thus high levels of thermal noise deteriorating the signal to noise ratio. In order to overcome this problem, a nanostructured Pt-coating was introduced as add-on functionalization for impedance reduction of small electrodes. In comparison to platinum black deposition, all used chemicals in the deposition process are free from cytotoxic components. The grass-like nanostructure was found to reduce the impedance by almost two orders of magnitude compared to untreated samples which was lower than what could be achieved with conventional electrode coatings like IrOx or PEDOT. The realization of the Pt-grass coating is performed via a simple electrochemical process which can be applied to virtually any possible electrode type and accordingly shows potential as a universal impedance reduction strategy. Elution tests revealed non-toxicity of the Pt-grass and the coating was found to exhibit strong adhesion to the metallized substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Boehler
- Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 102, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - T Stieglitz
- Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 102, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - M Asplund
- Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 102, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.
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56
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Hardy JG, Villancio-Wolter MK, Sukhavasi RC, Mouser DJ, Aguilar D, Geissler SA, Kaplan DL, Schmidt CE. Electrical Stimulation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Conductive Nanofibers Enhances their Differentiation toward Osteogenic Outcomes. Macromol Rapid Commun 2015; 36:1884-1890. [PMID: 26147073 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201500233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tissue scaffolds allowing the behavior of the cells that reside within them to be controlled are of particular interest for tissue engineering. Herein, the preparation of conductive fiber-based bone tissue scaffolds (nonwoven mats of electrospun polycaprolactone with an interpenetrating network of polypyrrole and polystyrenesulfonate) is described that enable the electrical stimulation of human mesenchymal stem cells to enhance their differentiation toward osteogenic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- John G Hardy
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Maria K Villancio-Wolter
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Rushi C Sukhavasi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - David J Mouser
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - David Aguilar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Sydney A Geissler
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Christine E Schmidt
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
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57
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Hardy JG, Geissler SA, Aguilar D, Villancio-Wolter MK, Mouser DJ, Sukhavasi RC, Cornelison RC, Tien LW, Preda RC, Hayden RS, Chow JK, Nguy L, Kaplan DL, Schmidt CE. Instructive Conductive 3D Silk Foam-Based Bone Tissue Scaffolds Enable Electrical Stimulation of Stem Cells for Enhanced Osteogenic Differentiation. Macromol Biosci 2015; 15:1490-6. [PMID: 26033953 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201500171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive materials enabling the behavior of the cells that reside within them to be controlled are vital for the development of instructive tissue scaffolds for tissue engineering. Herein, we describe the preparation of conductive silk foam-based bone tissue scaffolds that enable the electrical stimulation of human mesenchymal stem cells (HMSCs) to enhance their differentiation toward osteogenic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- John G Hardy
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, 02155, USA.
| | - Sydney A Geissler
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA
| | - David Aguilar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA
| | - Maria K Villancio-Wolter
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA
| | - David J Mouser
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA
| | - Rushi C Sukhavasi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA
| | - R Chase Cornelison
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA
| | - Lee W Tien
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, 02155, USA
| | - R Carmen Preda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, 02155, USA
| | - Rebecca S Hayden
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, 02155, USA
| | - Jacqueline K Chow
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA
| | - Lindsey Nguy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, 02155, USA.
| | - Christine E Schmidt
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA.
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58
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Gao R, Zhao S, Jiang X, Sun Y, Zhao S, Gao J, Borleis J, Willard S, Tang M, Cai H, Kamimura Y, Huang Y, Jiang J, Huang Z, Mogilner A, Pan T, Devreotes PN, Zhao M. A large-scale screen reveals genes that mediate electrotaxis in Dictyostelium discoideum. Sci Signal 2015; 8:ra50. [PMID: 26012633 PMCID: PMC4470479 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aab0562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Directional cell migration in an electric field, a phenomenon called galvanotaxis or electrotaxis, occurs in many types of cells, and may play an important role in wound healing and development. Small extracellular electric fields can guide the migration of amoeboid cells, and we established a large-scale screening approach to search for mutants with electrotaxis phenotypes from a collection of 563 Dictyostelium discoideum strains with morphological defects. We identified 28 strains that were defective in electrotaxis and 10 strains with a slightly higher directional response. Using plasmid rescue followed by gene disruption, we identified some of the mutated genes, including some previously implicated in chemotaxis. Among these, we studied PiaA, which encodes a critical component of TORC2, a kinase protein complex that transduces changes in motility by activating the kinase PKB (also known as Akt). Furthermore, we found that electrotaxis was decreased in mutants lacking gefA, rasC, rip3, lst8, or pkbR1, genes that encode other components of the TORC2-PKB pathway. Thus, we have developed a high-throughput screening technique that will be a useful tool to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of electrotaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runchi Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China. Departments of Dermatology and Ophthalmology, Institute for Regenerative Cures, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95817, USA. Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Siwei Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Xupin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Yaohui Sun
- Departments of Dermatology and Ophthalmology, Institute for Regenerative Cures, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95817, USA
| | - Sanjun Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China. Departments of Dermatology and Ophthalmology, Institute for Regenerative Cures, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95817, USA
| | - Jing Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China. Departments of Dermatology and Ophthalmology, Institute for Regenerative Cures, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95817, USA
| | - Jane Borleis
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Stacey Willard
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ming Tang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Huaqing Cai
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Yoichiro Kamimura
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Yuesheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Jianxin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Zunxi Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Alex Mogilner
- Courant Institute and Department of Biology, New York University, 251 Mercer Street, New York, NY 10012, USA
| | - Tingrui Pan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Peter N Devreotes
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Min Zhao
- Departments of Dermatology and Ophthalmology, Institute for Regenerative Cures, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95817, USA.
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59
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Abstract
Due to the limited regenerative ability of neural tissue, a diverse set of biochemical and biophysical cues for increasing nerve growth has been investigated, including neurotrophic factors, topography, and electrical stimulation. In this report, we explore optogenetic control of neurite growth as a cell-specific alternative to electrical stimulation. By investigating a broad range of optical stimulation parameters on dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) expressing channelrhodopsin 2 (ChR2), we identified conditions that enhance neurite outgrowth by three-fold as compared to unstimulated or wild-type (WT) controls. Furthermore, optogenetic stimulation of ChR2 expressing DRGs induces directional outgrowth in WT DRGs co-cultured within a 10 mm vicinity of the optically sensitive ganglia. This observed enhancement and polarization of neurite growth was accompanied by an increased expression of neural growth and brain derived neurotrophic factors (NGF, BDNF). This work highlights the potential for implementing optogenetics to drive nerve growth in specific cell populations.
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60
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Hardy JG, Cornelison RC, Sukhavasi RC, Saballos RJ, Vu P, Kaplan DL, Schmidt CE. Electroactive Tissue Scaffolds with Aligned Pores as Instructive Platforms for Biomimetic Tissue Engineering. Bioengineering (Basel) 2015; 2:15-34. [PMID: 28955011 PMCID: PMC5597125 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering2010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissues in the body are hierarchically structured composite materials with tissue-specific chemical and topographical properties. Here we report the preparation of tissue scaffolds with macroscopic pores generated via the dissolution of a sacrificial supramolecular polymer-based crystal template (urea) from a biodegradable polymer-based scaffold (polycaprolactone, PCL). Furthermore, we report a method of aligning the supramolecular polymer-based crystals within the PCL, and that the dissolution of the sacrificial urea yields scaffolds with macroscopic pores that are aligned over long, clinically-relevant distances (i.e., centimeter scale). The pores act as topographical cues to which rat Schwann cells respond by aligning with the long axis of the pores. Generation of an interpenetrating network of polypyrrole (PPy) and poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS) in the scaffolds yields electroactive tissue scaffolds that allow the electrical stimulation of Schwann cells cultured on the scaffolds which increases the production of nerve growth factor (NGF).
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Affiliation(s)
- John G Hardy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
- Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Biomedical Sciences Building JG-53, P.O. Box 116131, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - R Chase Cornelison
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
- Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Biomedical Sciences Building JG-53, P.O. Box 116131, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Rushi C Sukhavasi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | - Richard J Saballos
- Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Biomedical Sciences Building JG-53, P.O. Box 116131, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Philip Vu
- Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Biomedical Sciences Building JG-53, P.O. Box 116131, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
| | - Christine E Schmidt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
- Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Biomedical Sciences Building JG-53, P.O. Box 116131, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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61
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Hardy JG, Hernandez DS, Cummings DM, Edwards FA, Shear JB, Schmidt CE. Multiphoton microfabrication of conducting polymer-based biomaterials. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:5001-5004. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00104h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Multiphoton microfabrication was used to prepare CP-based materials for drug delivery and stimulating tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- John. G. Hardy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- The University of Texas at Austin
- Austin
- USA
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering
| | | | - Damian M. Cummings
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology
- University College London
- London
- UK
| | - Frances A. Edwards
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology
- University College London
- London
- UK
| | - Jason B. Shear
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Texas at Austin
- Austin
- USA
| | - Christine E. Schmidt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- The University of Texas at Austin
- Austin
- USA
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering
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62
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Hardy JG, Mouser DJ, Arroyo-Currás N, Geissler S, Chow JK, Nguy L, Kim JM, Schmidt CE. Biodegradable electroactive polymers for electrochemically-triggered drug delivery. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:6809-6822. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb00355a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report biodegradable electroactive polymer (EAP)-based materials and their application as drug delivery devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- John G. Hardy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- The University of Texas at Austin
- Austin, USA
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering
- University of Florida
| | - David J. Mouser
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- The University of Texas at Austin
- Austin, USA
| | | | - Sydney Geissler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- The University of Texas at Austin
- Austin, USA
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering
- University of Florida
| | - Jacqueline K. Chow
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- The University of Texas at Austin
- Austin, USA
| | - Lindsey Nguy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- The University of Texas at Austin
- Austin, USA
| | - Jong M. Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- The University of Texas at Austin
- Austin, USA
| | - Christine E. Schmidt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- The University of Texas at Austin
- Austin, USA
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering
- University of Florida
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