51
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New Trends in Bio-Based Aerogels. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12050449. [PMID: 32414217 PMCID: PMC7284463 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12050449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The fascinating properties of currently synthesized aerogels associated with the flexible approach of sol-gel chemistry play an important role in the emergence of special biomedical applications. Although it is increasingly known and mentioned, the potential of aerogels in the medical field is not sufficiently explored. Interest in aerogels has increased greatly in recent decades due to their special properties, such as high surface area, excellent thermal and acoustic properties, low density and thermal conductivity, high porosity, flame resistance and humidity, and low refractive index and dielectric constant. On the other hand, high manufacturing costs and poor mechanical strength limit the growth of the market. (2) Results: In this paper, we analyze more than 180 articles from recent literature studies focused on the dynamics of aerogels research to summarize the technologies used in manufacturing and the properties of materials based on natural polymers from renewable sources. Biomedical applications of these bio-based materials are also introduced. (3) Conclusions: Due to their complementary functionalities (bioactivity, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and unique chemistry), bio-based materials provide a vast capability for utilization in the field of interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary scientific research.
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52
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Wei S, Ching YC, Chuah CH. Synthesis of chitosan aerogels as promising carriers for drug delivery: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 231:115744. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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53
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Druel L, Kenkel A, Baudron V, Buwalda S, Budtova T. Cellulose Aerogel Microparticles via Emulsion-Coagulation Technique. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:1824-1831. [PMID: 32011867 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b01725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose aerogel microparticles were made via emulsification/nonsolvent induced phase separation/drying with supercritical CO2. Cellulose was dissolved in NaOH-based solvent with and without additives in order to control solution gelation. Two emulsions, cellulose solution/oil and cellulose nonsolvent/oil, were mixed to start nonsolvent induced phase separation (or coagulation) of cellulose inside each cellulose droplet leading to the formation of so-called microgels. Different options of triggering coagulation were tested, by coalescence of droplets of cellulose solution and cellulose nonsolvent and by diffusion of nonsolvent partly soluble in the oil, accompanied by coalescence. The second option was found to be the most efficient for stabilization of the shape of coagulated cellulose microgels. The influence of gelation on particle formation and aerogel properties was investigated. The aerogel particles' diameter was around a few tens of microns, and the specific surface area was 250-350 m2/g.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucile Druel
- MINES ParisTech, PSL Research University, Center for Materials Forming (CEMEF), UMR CNRS 7635, CS 10207, 06904 Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Amelie Kenkel
- MINES ParisTech, PSL Research University, Center for Materials Forming (CEMEF), UMR CNRS 7635, CS 10207, 06904 Sophia Antipolis, France.,Institute of Thermal Separation Processes, Hamburg University of Technology, Eißendorfer Straße 38, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Victor Baudron
- Institute of Thermal Separation Processes, Hamburg University of Technology, Eißendorfer Straße 38, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sytze Buwalda
- MINES ParisTech, PSL Research University, Center for Materials Forming (CEMEF), UMR CNRS 7635, CS 10207, 06904 Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Tatiana Budtova
- MINES ParisTech, PSL Research University, Center for Materials Forming (CEMEF), UMR CNRS 7635, CS 10207, 06904 Sophia Antipolis, France
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54
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El-Naggar ME, Othman SI, Allam AA, Morsy OM. Synthesis, drying process and medical application of polysaccharide-based aerogels. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 145:1115-1128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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55
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López-Iglesias C, Barros J, Ardao I, Gurikov P, Monteiro FJ, Smirnova I, Alvarez-Lorenzo C, García-González CA. Jet Cutting Technique for the Production of Chitosan Aerogel Microparticles Loaded with Vancomycin. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12020273. [PMID: 32013071 PMCID: PMC7077406 DOI: 10.3390/polym12020273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Biopolymer-based aerogels can be obtained by supercritical drying of wet gels and endowed with outstanding properties for biomedical applications. Namely, polysaccharide-based aerogels in the form of microparticles are of special interest for wound treatment and can also be loaded with bioactive agents to improve the healing process. However, the production of the precursor gel may be limited by the viscosity of the polysaccharide initial solution. The jet cutting technique is regarded as a suitable processing technique to overcome this problem. In this work, the technological combination of jet cutting and supercritical drying of gels was assessed to produce chitosan aerogel microparticles loaded with vancomycin HCl (antimicrobial agent) for wound healing purposes. The resulting aerogel formulation was evaluated in terms of morphology, textural properties, drug loading, and release profile. Aerogels were also tested for wound application in terms of exudate sorption capacity, antimicrobial activity, hemocompatibility, and cytocompatibility. Overall, the microparticles had excellent textural properties, absorbed high amounts of exudate, and controlled the release of vancomycin HCl, providing sustained antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara López-Iglesias
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, I+D Farma group (GI-1645), Faculty of Pharmacy, Agrupación Estratégica de Materiales (AeMAT) and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (C.L.-I.); (C.A.-L.)
| | - Joana Barros
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB) and Faculdade de Engenharia Universidade do Porto (FEUP), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (J.B.); (F.J.M.)
| | - Inés Ardao
- BioFarma Research group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Pavel Gurikov
- Laboratory for Development and Modelling of Novel Nanoporous Materials, Eißendorfer Str. 38, 21073 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Fernando J. Monteiro
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB) and Faculdade de Engenharia Universidade do Porto (FEUP), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (J.B.); (F.J.M.)
| | - Irina Smirnova
- Institute of Thermal Separation Processes, Hamburg University of Technology, Eißendorfer Str. 38, 21073 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Carmen Alvarez-Lorenzo
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, I+D Farma group (GI-1645), Faculty of Pharmacy, Agrupación Estratégica de Materiales (AeMAT) and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (C.L.-I.); (C.A.-L.)
| | - Carlos A. García-González
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, I+D Farma group (GI-1645), Faculty of Pharmacy, Agrupación Estratégica de Materiales (AeMAT) and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (C.L.-I.); (C.A.-L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-881-814882
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56
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Paraskevopoulou P, Smirnova I, Athamneh T, Papastergiou M, Chriti D, Mali G, Čendak T, Raptopoulos G, Gurikov P. Polyurea-crosslinked biopolymer aerogel beads. RSC Adv 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07337g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyurea-crosslinked calcium alginate and chitosan aerogel beads: novel fibrous biopolymer-based aerogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrina Paraskevopoulou
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
- Athens
- Greece
| | - Irina Smirnova
- Institute of Thermal Separation Processes
- Hamburg University of Technology
- 21073 Hamburg
- Germany,
| | - Tamara Athamneh
- Institute of Thermal Separation Processes
- Hamburg University of Technology
- 21073 Hamburg
- Germany,
| | - Maria Papastergiou
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
- Athens
- Greece
| | - Despoina Chriti
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
- Athens
- Greece
| | - Gregor Mali
- National Institute of Chemistry
- 1000 Ljubljana
- Slovenia
| | - Tomaž Čendak
- National Institute of Chemistry
- 1000 Ljubljana
- Slovenia
| | - Grigorios Raptopoulos
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
- Athens
- Greece
| | - Pavel Gurikov
- Laboratory for Development and Modelling of Novel Nanoporous Materials
- Hamburg University of Technology
- 21073 Hamburg
- Germany,
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57
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Raman S, Keil C, Dieringer P, Hübner C, Bueno A, Gurikov P, Nissen J, Holtkamp M, Karst U, Haase H, Smirnova I. Alginate aerogels carrying calcium, zinc and silver cations for wound care: Fabrication and metal detection. J Supercrit Fluids 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2019.104545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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58
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Gurikov P, S. P. R, Griffin JS, Steiner SA, Smirnova I. 110th Anniversary: Solvent Exchange in the Processing of Biopolymer Aerogels: Current Status and Open Questions. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b02967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Gurikov
- Hamburg University of Technology, Institute of Thermal Separation Processes, Eißendorfer Str. 38, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Raman S. P.
- Hamburg University of Technology, Institute of Thermal Separation Processes, Eißendorfer Str. 38, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Justin S. Griffin
- Aerogel Technologies, LLC 1 Westinghouse Plaza, D157, Boston, Massachusetts 02136, United States of America
| | - Stephen A. Steiner
- Aerogel Technologies, LLC 1 Westinghouse Plaza, D157, Boston, Massachusetts 02136, United States of America
| | - Irina Smirnova
- Hamburg University of Technology, Institute of Thermal Separation Processes, Eißendorfer Str. 38, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
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59
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Investigation of Hydrodynamic Behavior of Alginate Aerogel Particles in a Laboratory Scale Wurster Fluidized Bed. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24162915. [PMID: 31405225 PMCID: PMC6721213 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24162915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of design and operating parameters on the superficial velocity at the onset of circulatory motion and the residence time of alginate aerogel particles in a laboratory scale Wurster fluidized bed were investigated. Several sets of experiments were conducted by varying Wurster tube diameter, Wurster tube length, batch volume and partition gap height. The superficial velocities for Wurster tube with 10 cm diameter were lower than the tube with 8 cm diameter. Superficial velocities increased with increasing batch volume and partition gap height. Moreover, increasing batch volume and partition gap height led to a decrease in the particle residence time in the Wurster tube. The results showed that there is an upper limit for each parameter in order to obtain a circulatory motion of the particles. It was found that the partition gap height should be 2 cm for proper particle circulation. Maximum batch volume for the tube with 10 cm diameter was found as 500 mL whereas maximum batch volume was 250 mL for the tube with 8 cm diameter. The fluidization behavior of the aerogel particles investigated in this study could be described by the general fluidization diagrams in the literature.
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60
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Gollakota ARK, Volli V, Shu CM. Progressive utilisation prospects of coal fly ash: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 672:951-989. [PMID: 30981170 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The rapid surge in global energy needs has paved way for the development of various alternatives to natural resources every now and then. However, dependence on coal-based energy has not reduced greatly. Thus, massive quantities of coal fly ash (CFA) are generated worldwide, which is a serious threat to ecology owing to constraints associated with its storage and disposal. There exists a pressing and ongoing need to develop new, and green product streams from CFA to reduce the threat to the environment. The present review begins with an emphasis on the generation, physicochemical properties, and potential dangers of CFA. Then, it focuses on impending applications such as synthesis of geopolymers (alternative to cement), silica aerogels (insulating materials), carbon nanotubes (carbon allotropes) for electronic devices, and the separation of radioactive isotopes as well as rare earth elements from CFA. Furthermore, the review analyses factors restraining the motive for effective management strategies that drives utilisation of CFA (either in raw and processed state) for new product streams. Finally, the review elucidates the role of CFA as an emerging input in delivering eco-friendly amenities and future derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjani R K Gollakota
- Department of Safety, Health, & Environmental Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliou City, Yunlin County 64002, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Vikranth Volli
- Department of Safety, Health, & Environmental Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliou City, Yunlin County 64002, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chi-Min Shu
- Department of Safety, Health, & Environmental Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliou City, Yunlin County 64002, Taiwan, ROC.
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61
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62
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García-González CA, Budtova T, Durães L, Erkey C, Del Gaudio P, Gurikov P, Koebel M, Liebner F, Neagu M, Smirnova I. An Opinion Paper on Aerogels for Biomedical and Environmental Applications. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24091815. [PMID: 31083427 PMCID: PMC6539078 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24091815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aerogels are a special class of nanostructured materials with very high porosity and tunable physicochemical properties. Although a few types of aerogels have already reached the market in construction materials, textiles and aerospace engineering, the full potential of aerogels is still to be assessed for other technology sectors. Based on current efforts to address the material supply chain by a circular economy approach and longevity as well as quality of life with biotechnological methods, environmental and life science applications are two emerging market opportunities where the use of aerogels needs to be further explored and evaluated in a multidisciplinary approach. In this opinion paper, the relevance of the topic is put into context and the corresponding current research efforts on aerogel technology are outlined. Furthermore, key challenges to be solved in order to create materials by design, reproducible process technology and society-centered solutions specifically for the two abovementioned technology sectors are analyzed. Overall, advances in aerogel technology can yield innovative and integrated solutions for environmental and life sciences which in turn can help improve both the welfare of population and to move towards cleaner and smarter supply chain solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A García-González
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, R+D Pharma group (GI-1645), Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Tatiana Budtova
- MINES ParisTech, PSL Research University, CEMEF ⁻ Center for materials forming, UMR CNRS 7635, CS 10207, 06904 Sophia Antipolis, France.
| | - Luisa Durães
- CIEPQPF, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Can Erkey
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Koç University, 34450 Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Pasquale Del Gaudio
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy.
| | - Pavel Gurikov
- Institute of Thermal Separation Processes, Hamburg University of Technology, Eißendorfer Straße 38, 21073 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Matthias Koebel
- Laboratory for Building Energy Materials and Components, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology - Empa, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
| | - Falk Liebner
- Institute for Chemistry of Renewable Resources, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria.
| | - Monica Neagu
- Immunology Department, "Victor Babes" National Institute of Pathology, 99-101 Splaiul Independentei, 050096, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Irina Smirnova
- Institute of Thermal Separation Processes, Hamburg University of Technology, Eißendorfer Straße 38, 21073 Hamburg, Germany.
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63
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Synthetic Polymer Aerogels in Particulate Form. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12091543. [PMID: 31083421 PMCID: PMC6539448 DOI: 10.3390/ma12091543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aerogels have been defined as solid colloidal or polymeric networks of nanoparticles that are expanded throughout their entire volume by a gas. They have high surface areas, low thermal conductivities, low dielectric constants, and high acoustic attenuation, all of which are very attractive properties for applications that range from thermal and acoustic insulation to dielectrics to drug delivery. However, one of the most important impediments to that potential has been that most efforts have been concentrated on monolithic aerogels, which are prone to defects and their production requires long and costly processing. An alternative approach is to consider manufacturing aerogels in particulate form. Recognizing that need, the European Commission funded “NanoHybrids”, a 3.5 years project under the Horizon 2020 framework with 12 industrial and academic partners aiming at aerogel particles from bio- and synthetic polymers. Biopolymer aerogels in particulate form have been reviewed recently. This mini-review focuses on the emerging field of particulate aerogels from synthetic polymers. That category includes mostly polyurea aerogels, but also some isolated cases of polyimide and phenolic resin aerogels. Particulate aerogels covered include powders, micro granules and spherical millimeter-size beads. For the benefit of the reader, in addition to the literature, some new results from our laboratory concerning polyurea particle aerogels are also included.
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64
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Nanoindentation of Graphene-Reinforced Silica Aerogel: A Molecular Dynamics Study. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24071336. [PMID: 30987400 PMCID: PMC6480658 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present work, we performed nanoindentation tests using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations on graphene, native silica aerogels, and single- and multi-layered graphene-reinforced silica aerogel nanocomposites. This work mainly focused on the two aspects of nanoindentation simulations: first, the resultant indentation force–depth curves, and second, the associated mechanical deformation behavior. We found that in the single-layer graphene-reinforced silica aerogel nanocomposite, the indentation resistance was four-fold that of native silica aerogels. Moreover, the combined system proved to be higher in stiffness compared to the individual material. Furthermore, the indentation resistance was increased significantly as we proceeded from single- to two-layered graphene-reinforced silica aerogel nanocomposites. The results of the study provide a detailed understanding of the mechanical behavior during the indentation tests of nanocomposites, which helps to design advanced nanoscale multi-layered materials.
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65
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66
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Abiev RS. Process intensification in chemical engineering: general trends and Russian contribution. REV CHEM ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/revce-2018-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Minimization of the costs with simultaneous increase in the raw materials and energy use efficiency is a challenge for the modern world. One of the most effective tools to solve this task is the use of process intensification (PI), first proposed by Ramshaw C. The incentive for process intensification, Proceedings, 1st Intl. Conf. Proc. Intensif. for Chem. Ind., 18, BHR Group, London, 1995, p. 1. and then extended by Stankiewicz AI, Moulijn JA. Process intensification: transforming chemical engineering. Chem Eng Prog 2000: 22–34. In the presented review, some principles of PI in chemical engineering and their application for wide variety of processes is discussed. The role of the Russian scientist with a research background is carried out in other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rufat S. Abiev
- St. Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University) , 26 Moskowsky Pr. , St. Petersburg 190013 , Russian Federation
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67
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Rodríguez-Dorado R, López-Iglesias C, García-González CA, Auriemma G, Aquino RP, Del Gaudio P. Design of Aerogels, Cryogels and Xerogels of Alginate: Effect of Molecular Weight, Gelation Conditions and Drying Method on Particles' Micromeritics. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24061049. [PMID: 30884869 PMCID: PMC6471992 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24061049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Processing and shaping of dried gels are of interest in several fields like alginate aerogel beads used as highly porous and nanostructured particles in biomedical applications. The physicochemical properties of the alginate source, the solvent used in the gelation solution and the gel drying method are key parameters influencing the characteristics of the resulting dried gels. In this work, dried gel beads in the form of xerogels, cryogels or aerogels were prepared from alginates of different molecular weights (120 and 180 kDa) and concentrations (1.25, 1.50, 2.0 and 2.25% (w/v)) using different gelation conditions (aqueous and ethanolic CaCl2 solutions) and drying methods (supercritical drying, freeze-drying and oven drying) to obtain particles with a broad range of physicochemical and textural properties. The stability of physicochemical properties of alginate aerogels under storage conditions of 25 °C and 65% relative humidity (ICH-climatic zone II) during 1 and 3 months was studied. Results showed significant effects of the studied processing parameters on the resulting alginate dried gel properties. Stability studies showed small variations in aerogels weight and specific surface area after 3 months of storage, especially, in the case of aerogels produced with medium molecular weight alginate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalía Rodríguez-Dorado
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy.
- Drug Discovery and Development, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy.
| | - Clara López-Iglesias
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, R+D Pharma group (GI-1645), Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Carlos A García-González
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, R+D Pharma group (GI-1645), Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Giulia Auriemma
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy.
| | - Rita P Aquino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy.
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68
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Sun M, Ruiz Barbero S, Johannsen M, Smirnova I, Gurikov P. Retention characteristics of silica materials in carbon dioxide/methanol mixtures studied by inverse supercritical fluid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1588:127-136. [PMID: 30658911 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this work, inverse supercritical fluid chromatography was applied to characterize the surface of four silica materials (three commercial Kromasils and one silica aerogel) from chromatographic retention data. Retention factors at various pressures (150-300 bar), temperatures (25-60 °C) and modifier concentrations (5-20 vol.% methanol in CO2) for a set of representative 17 solutes were correlated with the solute properties by the linear solvation energy relationships (LSER). Two types of the LSER models were identified based on different criteria. Firstly, a generally valid model with two descriptors concerning dipolarity/polarizability and solute hydrogen-bonding acceptor ability was constructed. Secondly, a group of specific models for each particular silica material was proposed. According to the statistical analysis of the modeling results, the acid-basic interactions were demonstrated to have a major contribution to the retention for all studied silicas. The intensity of these interactions decreases with increasing methanol concentration in the mobile phase, possibly due to the mixed mechanism of competitive adsorption of the modifier on silanol groups and modification of mobile phase property. Moreover, retention factors measured under constant conditions (p, T, methanol concentration) for a pair of the materials were found to be proportional in logarithmic scale implying the transferability of the adsorption free energies and the adsorption constants across four studied silica materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaotian Sun
- Institute of Thermal Separation Processes, Hamburg University of Technology, Eißendorfer Straße 38, 21073 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Sheila Ruiz Barbero
- Institute of Thermal Separation Processes, Hamburg University of Technology, Eißendorfer Straße 38, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Monika Johannsen
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Process Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Hungary
| | - Irina Smirnova
- Institute of Thermal Separation Processes, Hamburg University of Technology, Eißendorfer Straße 38, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Pavel Gurikov
- Institute of Thermal Separation Processes, Hamburg University of Technology, Eißendorfer Straße 38, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
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Baudron V, Gurikov P, Smirnova I, Whitehouse S. Porous Starch Materials via Supercritical- and Freeze-Drying. Gels 2019; 5:gels5010012. [PMID: 30813640 PMCID: PMC6473257 DOI: 10.3390/gels5010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The production of porous materials based on starch has been explored with supercritical drying—yielding aerogel—and freeze-drying. The two drying procedures were applied on the same gelling solution of amylomaize starch pasted at 140 °C and for two concentrations (5 and 10 wt.%). After gelation and retrogradation, water from the samples to be supercritically dried was exchanged to ethanol. The resulting starch aerogel presented high specific surface area (197 m2/g). Freeze-drying was assessed by investigating the effect of the gelation, retrogradation, freezing temperature, and sublimation pressure. The resulting starch materials were macroporous, with limited specific surface area and limited mechanical integrity. Cohesive open cell foam with pore size of ~20 µm was produced by quenching the hot starch melt in liquid nitrogen. The highest specific surface area obtained with freeze-drying was 7.7 m2/g for the hot starch melt frozen at −20 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Baudron
- Institute of Thermal Separation Processes, Hamburg University of Technology (TUHH), 22073 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Pavel Gurikov
- Institute of Thermal Separation Processes, Hamburg University of Technology (TUHH), 22073 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Irina Smirnova
- Institute of Thermal Separation Processes, Hamburg University of Technology (TUHH), 22073 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Steve Whitehouse
- Nestlé Product Technology Centre York, Nestec York LTD, PO BOX 204, York YO91 1XY, UK.
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Recyclable Xanthan/TiO2 Composite Cryogels towards the Photodegradation of Cr(VI) Ions and Methylene Blue Dye. INT J POLYM SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1155/2019/8179842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Composite cryogels were prepared from xanthan gum (XG) precursor gels at 20 g L-1 containing TiO2 load at 5, 10, and 20 wt% and citric acid, as crosslinker. The effect of the pH over precursor gel on the properties of the resulting cryogels was evaluated. The characterization of the XG/TiO2 cryogels comprised compression tests, swelling degree (SD) determination, Fourier transform infrared vibrational spectroscopy in the attenuated total reflectance mode (FTIR-ATR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray microtomography (CT) analyses. The largest compressive modulus (E) was observed for XG/TiO2 10% cryogels prepared at pH 4.0, which amounted to 100±7 kPa, whereas the E value determined for bare XG cryogels was 29±3 kPa. XG/TiO2 10% cryogels presented larger pores and thicker walls than bare XG cryogels, as evidenced by SEM and CT analyses. FTIR-ATR spectra evidenced the ester bonds stemming from the esterification among carboxylic acid groups and/or XG hydroxyl groups. XG/TiO2 10% cryogels presented SD of (61±2) gwater/gcryogel, long-term stability in water, and outstanding photocatalytic properties in the presence of Cr(VI) ions and methylene blue (MB). The photocatalytic processes for the reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) and for the photobleaching of MB fitted the first-order kinetic model, yielding rate constants of 0.019 varying min-1 and 0.0096 min-1, respectively. For both processes, the XG/TiO2 10% cryogels could be recycled five times without losing shape or efficiency.
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71
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Salzano de Luna M, Ascione C, Santillo C, Verdolotti L, Lavorgna M, Buonocore GG, Castaldo R, Filippone G, Xia H, Ambrosio L. Optimization of dye adsorption capacity and mechanical strength of chitosan aerogels through crosslinking strategy and graphene oxide addition. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 211:195-203. [PMID: 30824079 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan (CS) aerogels were prepared by freeze-drying as potential adsorbents for water purification, and the effect of the strategy of crosslinking was investigated by varying the amount of crosslinker (glutaraldehyde) and the sequence of steps for the preparation of the aerogel. Two procedures were compared, in which the crosslinking step was carried out before or after the freeze-drying of the starting CS solution. When crosslinking was postponed after the freeze-drying step, the adsorption capacity towards an anionic dye, such as indigo carmine, considerably increased (up to +45%), reaching values as high as 534.4 ± 30.5 mg g-1. The same crosslinking strategy ensured a comparable improvement also in nanocomposite aerogels containing graphene oxide (GO), which was added to enhance the mechanical strength and provide adsorption capacity towards cationic dyes. Besides possessing good mechanical strength (compressive modulus higher than 1 MPa), the CS/GO aerogels were able to bind also cationic pollutants such as methylene blue. The maximum uptake capacity increased from 4.3 ± 1.6 to 168.6 ± 9.6 mg of cationic dye adsorbed per gram of adsorbent with respect to pristine CS aerogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Salzano de Luna
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering (INSTM Consortium - UdR Naples), University of Naples Federico II, P.le Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy; Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, P.le E. Fermi 1, 80055 Portici, Italy.
| | - C Ascione
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - C Santillo
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, P.le E. Fermi 1, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - L Verdolotti
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, P.le E. Fermi 1, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - M Lavorgna
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, P.le E. Fermi 1, 80055 Portici, Italy.
| | - G G Buonocore
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, P.le E. Fermi 1, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - R Castaldo
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - G Filippone
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering (INSTM Consortium - UdR Naples), University of Naples Federico II, P.le Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - H Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - L Ambrosio
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
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72
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Toledo PV, Petri DF. Hydrophilic, hydrophobic, Janus and multilayer xanthan based cryogels. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 123:1180-1188. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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73
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Papastergiou M, Kanellou A, Chriti D, Raptopoulos G, Paraskevopoulou P. Poly(Urethane-Acrylate) Aerogels via Radical Polymerization of Dendritic Urethane-Acrylate Monomers. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 11:E2249. [PMID: 30424515 PMCID: PMC6266260 DOI: 10.3390/ma11112249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to investigate the effect of multifunctionality on material properties of synthetic polymer aerogels. For this purpose, we present the synthesis and characterization of monolithic dendritic-type urethane-acrylate monomers based on an aliphatic/flexible (Desmodur N3300), or an aromatic/rigid (Desmodur RE) triisocyanate core. The terminal acrylate groups (three at the tip of each of the three branches, nine in total) were polymerized with 2,2'-azobis(isobutyronitrile) (AIBN) via free radical chemistry. The resulting wet-gels were dried with supercritical fluid (SCF) CO₂. Aerogels were characterized with ATR-FTIR and solid-state 13C NMR. The porous network was probed with N₂-sorption and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The thermal stability of aerogels was studied with thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Most aerogels were macroporous materials (porosity > 80%), with high thermal stability (up to 300 °C). Aerogels were softer at low monomer concentrations and more rigid at higher concentrations. The material properties were compared with those of analogous aerogels bearing only one acrylate moiety at the tip of each branch and the same cores, and with those of analogous aerogels bearing norbornene instead of acrylate moieties. The nine-terminal acrylate-based monomers of this study caused rapid decrease of the solubility of the growing polymer and made possible aerogels with much smaller particles and much higher surface areas. For the first time, aliphatic/flexible triisocyanate-based materials could be made with similar properties in terms of particle size and surface areas to their aromatic/rigid analogues. Finally, it was found that with monomers with a high number of crosslinkable groups, material properties are determined by multifunctionality and thus aerogels based on 9-acrylate- and 9-norbornene-terminated monomers were similar. Materials with aromatic cores are carbonizable with satisfactory yields (20⁻30% w/w) to mostly microporous materials (BET surface areas: 640⁻740 m² g-1; micropore surface areas: 360⁻430 m² g-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Papastergiou
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, Athens 15771, Greece.
| | - Aspasia Kanellou
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, Athens 15771, Greece.
| | - Despoina Chriti
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, Athens 15771, Greece.
| | - Grigorios Raptopoulos
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, Athens 15771, Greece.
| | - Patrina Paraskevopoulou
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, Athens 15771, Greece.
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74
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Paraskevopoulou P, Gurikov P, Raptopoulos G, Chriti D, Papastergiou M, Kypritidou Z, Skounakis V, Argyraki A. Strategies toward catalytic biopolymers: Incorporation of tungsten in alginate aerogels. Polyhedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2018.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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75
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Ganesan K, Budtova T, Ratke L, Gurikov P, Baudron V, Preibisch I, Niemeyer P, Smirnova I, Milow B. Review on the Production of Polysaccharide Aerogel Particles. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 11:E2144. [PMID: 30384442 PMCID: PMC6265924 DOI: 10.3390/ma11112144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A detailed study of the production of polysaccharide aerogel (bio-aerogel) particles from lab to pilot scale is surveyed in this article. An introduction to various droplets techniques available in the market is given and compared with the lab scale production of droplets using pipettes and syringes. An overview of the mechanisms of gelation of polysaccharide solutions together with non-solvent induced phase separation option is then discussed in the view of making wet particles. The main steps of particle recovery and solvent exchange are briefly described in order to pass through the final drying process. Various drying processes are overviewed and the importance of supercritical drying is highlighted. In addition, we present the characterization techniques to analyse the morphology and properties of the aerogels. The case studies of bio-aerogel (agar, alginate, cellulose, chitin, κ-carrageenan, pectin and starch) particles are reviewed. Potential applications of polysaccharide aerogel particles are briefly given. Finally, the conclusions summarize the prospects of the potential scale-up methods for producing bio-aerogel particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathirvel Ganesan
- German Aerospace Center, Institute of Materials Research, Linder Hoehe, 51147 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Tatiana Budtova
- MINES Paris Tech, PSL Research University, Center for Materials Forming (CEMEF), UMR CNRS 7635, CS 10207, 06904 Sophia Antipolis, France.
| | - Lorenz Ratke
- German Aerospace Center, Institute of Materials Research, Linder Hoehe, 51147 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Pavel Gurikov
- Institute of Thermal Separation Processes, Hamburg University of Technology, Eißendorfer Straße 38, 21073 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Victor Baudron
- Institute of Thermal Separation Processes, Hamburg University of Technology, Eißendorfer Straße 38, 21073 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Imke Preibisch
- Institute of Thermal Separation Processes, Hamburg University of Technology, Eißendorfer Straße 38, 21073 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Philipp Niemeyer
- German Aerospace Center, Institute of Materials Research, Linder Hoehe, 51147 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Irina Smirnova
- Institute of Thermal Separation Processes, Hamburg University of Technology, Eißendorfer Straße 38, 21073 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Barbara Milow
- German Aerospace Center, Institute of Materials Research, Linder Hoehe, 51147 Cologne, Germany.
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76
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Model development for sc-drying kinetics of aerogels: Part 1. Monoliths and single particles. J Supercrit Fluids 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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77
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Lazrag M, Lemaitre C, Castel C, Hannachi A, Barth D. Aerogel production by supercritical drying of organogels: Experimental study and modelling investigation of drying kinetics. J Supercrit Fluids 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2018.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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78
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Ubeyitogullari A, Brahma S, Rose DJ, Ciftci ON. In Vitro Digestibility of Nanoporous Wheat Starch Aerogels. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:9490-9497. [PMID: 30130963 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b03231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the in vitro digestibility of starch aerogels for the first time. The relative crystallinities of the wheat starch aerogels (WSAs) produced at gelatinization temperatures of 120 °C (WSA-120C), 130 °C (WSA-130C), and 120 °C with the addition of sodium metaphosphate (STMP) (WSA-STMP) and xerogel were similar. However, WSA-120C showed the highest amylose-lipid complex content. The addition of STMP created some cross-linked starch with a phosphorus content of 0.023%. Resistant starch (RS) contents of WSA-STMP (33.5%) and xerogel (26.9%) were higher than the other samples when they were uncooked prior to digestion. Nevertheless, the RS contents of WSA-STMP and xerogel decreased drastically with cooking. RS contents of WSA-120C and WSA-130C were stable with cooking and provided 4.5- and 3.0-fold increases in the RS content, respectively. WSA is a promising functional food ingredient with a high RS content, even after cooking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ubeyitogullari
- Department of Food Science and Technology , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588-6205 , United States
| | - Sandrayee Brahma
- Department of Food Science and Technology , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588-6205 , United States
| | - Devin J Rose
- Department of Food Science and Technology , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588-6205 , United States
| | - Ozan N Ciftci
- Department of Food Science and Technology , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588-6205 , United States
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79
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Rege A, Preibisch I, Schestakow M, Ganesan K, Gurikov P, Milow B, Smirnova I, Itskov M. Correlating Synthesis Parameters to Morphological Entities: Predictive Modeling of Biopolymer Aerogels. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 11:E1670. [PMID: 30205623 PMCID: PMC6163492 DOI: 10.3390/ma11091670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In the past decade, biopolymer aerogels have gained significant research attention due to their typical properties, such as low density and thermal insulation, which are reinforced with excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, and ease of functionalization. Mechanical properties of these aerogels play an important role in several applications and should be evaluated based on synthesis parameters. To this end, preparation and characterization of polysaccharide-based aerogels, such as pectin, cellulose and k-carrageenan, is first discussed. An interrelationship between their synthesis parameters and morphological entities is established. Such aerogels are usually characterized by a cellular morphology, and under compression undergo large deformations. Therefore, a nonlinear constitutive model is proposed based on large deflections in microcell walls of the aerogel network. Different sizes of the microcells within the network are identified via nitrogen desorption isotherms. Damage is initiated upon pore collapse, which is shown to result from the failure of the microcell wall fibrils. Finally, the model predictions are validated against experimental data of pectin, cellulose, and k-carrageenan aerogels. Given the micromechanical nature of the model, a clear correlation-qualitative and quantitative-between synthesis parameters and the model parameters is also substantiated. The proposed model is shown to be useful in tailoring the mechanical properties of biopolymer aerogels subject to changes in synthesis parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameya Rege
- Department of Continuum Mechanics, RWTH Aachen University, Kackertstraße 9, 52072 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Imke Preibisch
- Institute of Thermal Separation Processes, Hamburg University of Technology, Eißendorfer Straße 38, 21073 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Maria Schestakow
- Institute of Materials Research, German Aerospace Center, Linder Höhe, 51147 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Kathirvel Ganesan
- Institute of Materials Research, German Aerospace Center, Linder Höhe, 51147 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Pavel Gurikov
- Institute of Thermal Separation Processes, Hamburg University of Technology, Eißendorfer Straße 38, 21073 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Barbara Milow
- Institute of Materials Research, German Aerospace Center, Linder Höhe, 51147 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Irina Smirnova
- Institute of Thermal Separation Processes, Hamburg University of Technology, Eißendorfer Straße 38, 21073 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Mikhail Itskov
- Department of Continuum Mechanics, RWTH Aachen University, Kackertstraße 9, 52072 Aachen, Germany.
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80
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Nešić A, Gordić M, Davidović S, Radovanović Ž, Nedeljković J, Smirnova I, Gurikov P. Pectin-based nanocomposite aerogels for potential insulated food packaging application. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 195:128-135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.04.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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81
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Baudron V, Gurikov P, Smirnova I. A continuous approach to the aerogel microparticle production via emulsion-gelation method. CHEM-ING-TECH 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201855144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Baudron
- Hamburg University of Technology; Institut for Thermal Separation Processes; Eißendorferstraße 38 21073 Hamburg Germany
| | - P. Gurikov
- Hamburg University of Technology; Institut for Thermal Separation Processes; Eißendorferstraße 38 21073 Hamburg Germany
| | - I. Smirnova
- Hamburg University of Technology; Institut for Thermal Separation Processes; Eißendorferstraße 38 21073 Hamburg Germany
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82
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Chriti D, Raptopoulos G, Papastergiou M, Paraskevopoulou P. Millimeter-Size Spherical Polyurea Aerogel Beads with Narrow Size Distribution. Gels 2018; 4:E66. [PMID: 30674842 PMCID: PMC6209287 DOI: 10.3390/gels4030066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the room temperature synthesis of spherical millimeter-size polyurea (PUA) aerogel beads. Wet-gels of said beads were obtained by dripping a propylene carbonate solution of an aliphatic triisocyanate based on isocyanurate nodes into a mixture of ethylenediamine and heavy mineral oil. Drying the resulting wet spherical gels with supercritical fluid (SCF) CO₂ afforded spherical aerogel beads with a mean diameter of 2.7 mm, and a narrow size distribution (full width at half maximum: 0.4 mm). Spherical PUA aerogel beads had low density (0.166 ± 0.001 g cm⁻3), high porosity (87% v/v) and high surface area (197 m² g⁻1). IR, ¹H magic angle spinning (MAS) and 13C cross-polarization magic angle spinning (CPMAS) NMR showed the characteristic peaks of urea and the isocyanurate ring. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed the presence of a thin, yet porous skin on the surface of the beads with a different (denser) morphology than their interior. The synthetic method shown here is simple, cost-efficient and suitable for large-scale production of PUA aerogel beads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despoina Chriti
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece.
| | - Grigorios Raptopoulos
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece.
| | - Maria Papastergiou
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece.
| | - Patrina Paraskevopoulou
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece.
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83
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Bueno A, Selmer I, S.P R, Gurikov P, Lölsberg W, Weinrich D, Fricke M, Smirnova I. First Evidence of Solvent Spillage under Subcritical Conditions in Aerogel Production. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b00855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Bueno
- Hamburg University of Technology, Institute of Thermal Separation Processes, Eißendorfer Straße 38, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ilka Selmer
- Hamburg University of Technology, Institute of Thermal Separation Processes, Eißendorfer Straße 38, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Raman S.P
- Hamburg University of Technology, Institute of Thermal Separation Processes, Eißendorfer Straße 38, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Pavel Gurikov
- Hamburg University of Technology, Institute of Thermal Separation Processes, Eißendorfer Straße 38, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wibke Lölsberg
- BASF Polyurethanes GmbH, RAP/LF-E41, Elastogranstraße 60, 49448 Lemfoerde, Germany
| | - Dirk Weinrich
- BASF Polyurethanes GmbH, RAP/LF-E41, Elastogranstraße 60, 49448 Lemfoerde, Germany
| | - Marc Fricke
- BASF Polyurethanes GmbH, RAP/LF-E41, Elastogranstraße 60, 49448 Lemfoerde, Germany
| | - Irina Smirnova
- Hamburg University of Technology, Institute of Thermal Separation Processes, Eißendorfer Straße 38, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
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84
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Veres P, Sebők D, Dékány I, Gurikov P, Smirnova I, Fábián I, Kalmár J. A redox strategy to tailor the release properties of Fe(III)-alginate aerogels for oral drug delivery. Carbohydr Polym 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.01.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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85
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Smirnova I, Gurikov P. Aerogel production: Current status, research directions, and future opportunities. J Supercrit Fluids 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2017.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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86
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Gurikov P, Smirnova I. Non-Conventional Methods for Gelation of Alginate. Gels 2018; 4:E14. [PMID: 30674790 PMCID: PMC6318612 DOI: 10.3390/gels4010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This review presents and critically evaluates recent advances in non-conventional gelation method of native alginate. A special focus is given to the following three methods: cryotropic gelation, non-solvent induced phase separation and carbon dioxide induced gelation. A few other gelation approaches are also briefly reviewed. Results are discussed in the context of subsequent freeze and supercritical drying. The methods are selected so as to provide the readers with a range of novel tools and tactics of pore engineering for alginate and other anionic polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Gurikov
- Institute of Thermal Separation Processes, Hamburg University of Technology, Eißendorfer Straße 38, 21073 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Irina Smirnova
- Institute of Thermal Separation Processes, Hamburg University of Technology, Eißendorfer Straße 38, 21073 Hamburg, Germany.
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