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Sheka EF. The Triumph of the Spin Chemistry of Fullerene C 60 in the Light of Its Free Radical Copolymerization with Vinyl Monomers. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1317. [PMID: 38279316 PMCID: PMC10816541 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The spin theory of fullerenes is taken as a basis concept to virtually exhibit a peculiar role of C60 fullerene in the free radical polymerization of vinyl monomers. Virtual reaction solutions are filled with the initial ingredients (monomers, free radicals, and C60 fullerene) as well as with the final products of a set of elementary reactions, which occurred in the course of the polymerization. The above objects, converted to the rank of digital twins, are considered simultaneously under the same conditions and at the same level of the theory. In terms of the polymerization passports of the reaction solutions, a complete virtual picture of the processes considered is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena F Sheka
- Institute of Physical Researches and Technology, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
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2
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Yang Y, Dong F, Qi C, Lv J, Lu H, Sun Y, Zeng C, Shen R, Lei Z, Ma H. Water contaminant: Use it but do not shield it to synthesize co-polymers with multiple emission colours. LUMINESCENCE 2023. [PMID: 37994211 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Due to the high affinity with water molecules, amide compounds are easily contaminated by moisture; therefore, the water interference effect cannot be totally excluded from the amide-involved reactions. Thus, the perfect solution is to use the interference effect but not shield it in a real application. In this work, we introduced different contents of sodium acrylate (AAS) to scavenge water from the monomers of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAm) when copolymerized with TPA-Vinyl-4CN. Herein, water molecules play a role as nucleophilic reagents to attack highly active functional groups as -C=C-CN from TPA-Vinyl-4CN, leading to a blue emissive TPA-Vinyl-2CHO. From this study, we made a deep awareness of the interactions between three reaction partners of AAS and NIPAm as well as TPA-Vinyl-4CN. Our results clearly demonstrated the fact that water can be perfectly used and controlled by the water absorbent of AAS, developing a new approach to synthesizing multiple emission-coloured polymers by using only one luminogen of TPA-Vinyl-4CN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Eco-environmental Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fenghao Dong
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Eco-environmental Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chunxuan Qi
- AIE Research Center, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, China
| | - Jiawei Lv
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Eco-environmental Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huiming Lu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Eco-environmental Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuqing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Eco-environmental Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Cheng Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Eco-environmental Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Richao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Eco-environmental Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ziqiang Lei
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Eco-environmental Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hengchang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Eco-environmental Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
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3
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Jeong J, An SY, Hu X, Zhao Y, Yin R, Szczepaniak G, Murata H, Das SR, Matyjaszewski K. Biomass RNA for the Controlled Synthesis of Degradable Networks by Radical Polymerization. ACS Nano 2023; 17:21912-21922. [PMID: 37851525 PMCID: PMC10655241 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c08244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acids extracted from biomass have emerged as sustainable and environmentally friendly building blocks for the fabrication of multifunctional materials. Until recently, the fabrication of biomass nucleic acid-based structures has been facilitated through simple crosslinking of biomass nucleic acids, which limits the possibility of material properties engineering. This study presents an approach to convert biomass RNA into an acrylic crosslinker through acyl imidazole chemistry. The number of acrylic moieties on RNA was engineered by varying the acylation conditions. The resulting RNA crosslinker can undergo radical copolymerization with various acrylic monomers, thereby offering a versatile route for creating materials with tunable properties (e.g., stiffness and hydrophobic characteristics). Further, reversible-deactivation radical polymerization methods, such as atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT), were also explored as additional approaches to engineer the hydrogel properties. The study also demonstrated the metallization of the biomass RNA-based material, thereby offering potential applications in enhancing electrical conductivity. Overall, this research expands the opportunities in biomass-based biomaterial fabrication, which allows tailored properties for diverse applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaepil Jeong
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Center
for Nucleic Acids Science & Technology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - So Young An
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Xiaolei Hu
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Yuqi Zhao
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Rongguan Yin
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Grzegorz Szczepaniak
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- University
of Warsaw, Faculty of Chemistry, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hironobu Murata
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Subha R. Das
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Center
for Nucleic Acids Science & Technology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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NIE Y, YANG G, WANG H, QIAO X. [Modified styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer-based chromatographic stationary phase for phospholipid separation and analysis]. Se Pu 2023; 41:921-928. [PMID: 37875414 PMCID: PMC10599293 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1123.2023.02011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Phospholipids are important signaling molecules, and their metabolism is closely related to various diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases and cancers. Phospholipids are typically characterized with extreme complexity and structural diversity. For example, phospholipids present in many different forms, such as sn position isomers, double-bond position isomers, double-bond stereochemical isomers, and enantiomers. Therefore, further research on novel separation and analytical techniques for phospholipids is of great importance. As an amphiphilic alternating copolymer, styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer (SMA) can be inserted into the phospholipid bilayer of biofilms to form lipid nanodisks with membrane proteins as the centers, thereby solubilizing membrane proteins and phospholipids. Thus, the introduction of SMA into a chromatographic stationary phase can potentially improve the separation and analysis of phospholipids. In this paper, SMA was successfully grafted onto the surface of silica gel via the "click" reaction and free radical polymerization. After further ring-opening modification of SMA with methyl methionine hydrochloride (MME·HCl), a novel SMA-modified stationary phase material (Sil-SMA-MME) was fabricated. The Sil-SMA-MME stationary phase was characterized using thermogravimetric analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and the results indicated the successful fabrication of the target material. The retention mechanism of the packed Sil-SMA-MME chromatographic column was investigated using hydrophilic nucleosides and nucleic acid bases via high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and UV detection. According to the retention characteristics of the nucleosides and nucleic acid bases in different mobile phases, the Sil-SMA-MME chromatographic column exhibited a typical hydrophilic-interaction-based retention mechanism, similar to that of a commercially available amino (SiO2-NH2) column. The separation performance of the Sil-SMA-MME column was evaluated using three types of small-molecule substances, including amides, nucleoside/nucleic acid bases, and phenols. Cyanoacetamide, 2-iodoacetamide, benzamide, p-aminobenzamide, and nicotinamide were used to evaluate the chromatographic performance of the developed Sil-SMA-MME column. When acetonitrile-H2O (96∶4, v/v) was used as the mobile phase, the five compounds exhibited good peak shapes and could be baseline-separated within 8 min. The highest column efficiency achieved was 90900 N/m. By contrast, under the same chromatographic conditions, the test substances were not separated effectively on the SiO2-NH2 column. Regardless of the mobile phase ratio, the peaks of benzamide and 2-iodoacetamide overlapped. These results demonstrate that the developed Sil-SMA-MME column has good separation selectivity. The separation performance of the Sil-SMA-MME column for phospholipid samples was also investigated by HPLC and evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD) to explore its feasibility for phospholipid separation and analysis. Different phospholipid standards were used to evaluate the separation performance of the column. Under certain mobile phase conditions, baseline separation could be achieved for dipalmityl phosphatidyl serine sodium (DPPS), diolyl phosphatidyl choline (DOPC), and dipalmityl phosphatidyl ethanolamine (DPPE), as well as four phosphatidyl choline (PC) standards, namely, lysophosphatidylcholine (LysoPC), dimyristoyl phosphatidyl choline (DMPC), distearyl phosphatidyl choline (DSPC), and dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline (DPPC). The separation potential of the developed Sil-SMA-MME column was further evaluated by separating and analyzing phospholipid extracts from Antarctic krill oil and human serum. The results showed that the developed Sil-SMA-MME column has good potential for phospholipid separation and analysis.
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Jiang D, Zheng M, Ma X, Zhang Y, Jiang S, Li J, Zhang C, Liu K, Li L. Rhodamine-Anchored Polyacrylamide Hydrogel for Fluorescent Naked-Eye Sensing of Fe 3. Molecules 2023; 28:6572. [PMID: 37764348 PMCID: PMC10537437 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A fluorescent and colorimetric poly (acrylamide)-based copolymer probe P(AAm-co-RBNCH) has been designed via free radical polymerization of a commercial acrylamide monomer with a rhodamine-functionalized monomer RBNCH. Metal ion selectivity of RBNCH was investigated by fluorescence and colorimetric spectrophotometry. Upon addition of Fe3+, a visual color change from colorless to red and a large fluorescence enhancement were observed for the ring-opening of the rhodamine spirolactam mechanism. The monomer gives a sensitive method for quantitatively detecting Fe3+ in the linear range of 100-200 μM, with a limit of detection as low as 27 nM and exhibiting high selectivity for Fe3+ over 12 other metal ions. The hydrogel sensor was characterized by FTIR, and the effects of RBNCH amount on gel content and swelling properties were explored. According to the recipe of 1.0 mol% RBNCH to the total monomers, the fabricated hydrogel sensor displayed a good swelling property and reversibility performance and has potential for application in the imaging of Fe3+ level in industrial wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Jiang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Metallurgy and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China; (D.J.); (M.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Minghao Zheng
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Metallurgy and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China; (D.J.); (M.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Xiaofan Ma
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (X.M.); (S.J.)
| | - Yingzhen Zhang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Metallurgy and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China; (D.J.); (M.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Shaohua Jiang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (X.M.); (S.J.)
| | - Juanhua Li
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Metallurgy and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China; (D.J.); (M.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- Institute of Materials Science and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China;
| | - Kunming Liu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Metallurgy and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China; (D.J.); (M.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Liqing Li
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Metallurgy and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China; (D.J.); (M.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.)
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Bonda L, Müller J, Fischer L, Löwe M, Kedrov A, Schmidt S, Hartmann L. Facile Synthesis of Catechol-Containing Polyacrylamide Copolymers: Synergistic Effects of Amine, Amide and Catechol Residues in Mussel-Inspired Adhesives. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3663. [PMID: 37765517 PMCID: PMC10535631 DOI: 10.3390/polym15183663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The straightforward synthesis of polyamide-derived statistical copolymers with catechol, amine, amide and hydroxy residues via free radical polymerization is presented. In particular, catechol, amine and amide residues are present in natural mussel foot proteins, enabling strong underwater adhesion due to synergistic effects where cationic residues displace hydration and ion layers, followed by strong short-rang hydrogen bonding between the catechol or primary amides and SiO2 surfaces. The present study is aimed at investigating whether such synergistic effects also exist for statistical copolymer systems that lack the sequence-defined positioning of functional groups in mussel foot proteins. A series of copolymers is established and the adsorption in saline solutions on SiO2 is determined by quartz crystal microbalance measurements and ellipsometry. These studies confirm a synergy between cationic amine groups with catechol units and primary amide groups via an increased adsorptivity and increased polymer layer thicknesses. Therefore, the free radical polymerization of catechol, amine and amide monomers as shown here may lead to simplified mussel-inspired adhesives that can be prepared with the readily scalable methods required for large-scale applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorand Bonda
- Institut für Organische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (L.B.); (J.M.)
| | - Janita Müller
- Institut für Organische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (L.B.); (J.M.)
| | - Lukas Fischer
- Lehrstuhl für Technische Chemie II, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 7, 45141 Essen, Germany;
| | - Maryna Löwe
- Synthetische Membransysteme, Institut für Biochemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (M.L.); (A.K.)
| | - Alexej Kedrov
- Synthetische Membransysteme, Institut für Biochemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (M.L.); (A.K.)
| | - Stephan Schmidt
- Institut für Organische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (L.B.); (J.M.)
- Institut für Makromolekulare Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 31, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Laura Hartmann
- Institut für Organische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (L.B.); (J.M.)
- Institut für Makromolekulare Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 31, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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Liu G, Li B, Li J, Dong J, Baulin V, Feng Y, Jia D, Petrov YV, Tsivadze AY, Zhou Y. EGTA-Derived Carbon Dots with Bone-Targeting Ability: Target-Oriented Synthesis and Calcium Affinity. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:40163-40177. [PMID: 37603390 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c05184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
The bone-targeting mechanism of clinic bisphosphonate-type drugs, such as alendronate, risedronate, and ibandronate, relies on chelated calcium ions on the surface of the bone mineralized matrix for the treatment of osteoporosis. EGTA with aminocarboxyl chelating ligands can specifically chelate calcium ions. Inspired by the bone-targeting mechanism of bisphosphonates, we hypothesize that EGTA-derived carbon dots (EGTA-CDs) hold bone-targeting ability. For the target-oriented synthesis of EGTA-CDs and to endow CDs with bone targeting, we designed calcium ion chelating agents as precursors, including aminocarboxyl chelating agents (EGTA and EDTA) and bisphosphonate agents (ALN and HEDP) for the target-oriented synthesis of aminocarboxyl-derived CDs (EGTA-CDs and EDTA-CDs) and bisphosphonate-derived CDs (ALN-CDs and HEDP-CDs) with high synthetic yield. The synthetic yield of EGTA-CDs reached 87.6%. Aminocarboxyl-derived CDs and bisphosphonate-derived CDs retain the chelation ability of calcium ions and can specifically bind calcium ions. The chemical environment bone-targeting value coordination constant K and chelation sites of EGTA-CDs were 6.48 × 104 M-1 and 4.12, respectively. A novel method was established to demonstrate the bone-targeting capability of chelate-functionalized carbon dots using fluorescence quenching in a simulated bone trauma microenvironment. EGTA-CDs exhibit superior bone-targeting ability compared with other aminocarboxyl-derived CDs and bisphosphonate-derived CDs. EGTA-CDs display exceptional specificity toward calcium ions and better bone affinity than ALN-CDs, suggesting their potential as novel bone-targeting drugs. EGTA-CDs with strong calcium ion chelating ability have calcium ion affinity in simulated body fluid and bone-targeting ability in a simulated bone trauma microenvironment. These findings offer new avenues for the development of advanced bone-targeting strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanxiong Liu
- Institute for Advanced Ceramics, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Baoqiang Li
- Institute for Advanced Ceramics, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Dynamics and Extreme Characteristics of Promising Nanostructured Materials, Saint Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural-Functional Integration Materials & Green Manufacturing Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Jie Li
- Institute for Advanced Ceramics, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxin Dong
- Institute for Advanced Ceramics, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Vladimir Baulin
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia
| | - Yujie Feng
- Institute for Advanced Ceramics, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Dechang Jia
- Institute for Advanced Ceramics, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural-Functional Integration Materials & Green Manufacturing Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Yuri V Petrov
- Laboratory of Dynamics and Extreme Characteristics of Promising Nanostructured Materials, Saint Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Aslan Yu Tsivadze
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Yu Zhou
- Institute for Advanced Ceramics, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural-Functional Integration Materials & Green Manufacturing Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
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8
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Liu B, Zhang Z, Li B, Liu Q, Lee BP. Acrylate monomer polymerization triggered by iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles and catechol containing microgels. Chem Eng J 2023; 468:143716. [PMID: 37334100 PMCID: PMC10275414 DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2023.143716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Phenol and its derivatives are the most used polymerization inhibitors for vinyl-based monomers. Here, we reported a novel catalytic system composed of mussel inspired adhesive moiety, catechol, in combination with iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) to generate hydroxyl radical (•OH) at pH 7.4. Catechol-containing microgel (DHM) was prepared by copolymerizing dopamine methacrylamide (DMA) and N-hydroxyethyl acrylamide (HEAA), which generated superoxide (•O2-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as a result of catechol oxidation. In the presence of IONPs, the generated reactive oxygen species were further converted to •OH, which initiated free radical polymerization of various water-soluble acrylate-based monomers including neutral (acrylamide, methyl acrylamide, etc.), anionic (2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt), cationic ([2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride), and zwitterionic (2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]dimethyl-(3-sulfopropyl)ammonium hydroxide) monomers. Compared with the typical free radical initiating systems, the reported system does not require the addition of extra initiators for polymerization. During the process of polymerization, a bilayer hydrogel was formed in situ and exhibited the ability to bend during the process of swelling. The incorporation of IONPs significantly enhanced magnetic property of the hydrogel and the combination of DHM and IONPs also improved the mechanical properties of these hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Zhongtian Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Bingqian Li
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Qingping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Bruce P Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
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Tariq M, Khokhar R, Javed A, Usman M, Anjum SMM, Rasheed H, Bukhari NI, Yan C, Nawaz HA. Novel Hydrophilic Oligomer-Crosslinked Gelatin-Based Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications. Gels 2023; 9:564. [PMID: 37504443 PMCID: PMC10379017 DOI: 10.3390/gels9070564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gelatin-based hydrogels have shown good injectability and biocompatibility and have been broadly used for drug delivery and tissue regeneration. However, their low mechanical strengths and fast degradation rates must be modified for long-term implantation applications. With an aim to develop mechanically stable hydrogels, reactive anhydride-based oligomers were developed and used to fabricate gelatin-based crosslinked hydrogels in this study. A cascade of hydrophilic oligomers containing reactive anhydride groups was synthesized by free radical polymerization. These oligomers varied in degree of reactivity, comonomer composition, and showed low molecular weights (Mn < 5 kDa). The reactive oligomers were utilized to fabricate hydrogels that differed in their mechanical strengths and degradation profiles. These formulations exhibited good cytocompatibility with human adipose tissue-derived stem cells (hADCs). In conclusion, the reactive MA-containing oligomers were successfully synthesized and utilized for the development of oligomer-crosslinked hydrogels. Such oligomer-crosslinked gelatin-based hydrogels hold promise as drug or cell carriers in various biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamoona Tariq
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dongchuan Road 800, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Rabia Khokhar
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy (PUCP), University of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (IPS), University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences (UVAS), Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Arslan Javed
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy (PUCP), University of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (IPS), University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences (UVAS), Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Usman
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (IPS), University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences (UVAS), Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Syed Muhammad Muneeb Anjum
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (IPS), University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences (UVAS), Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Huma Rasheed
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (IPS), University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences (UVAS), Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Nadeem Irfan Bukhari
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy (PUCP), University of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Chao Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dongchuan Road 800, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hafiz Awais Nawaz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (IPS), University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences (UVAS), Lahore 54000, Pakistan
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10
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Wang Z, Lin X, Tang Y, Miao D, Huang J, Lu Y, Liu S, Fu R, Wu D. Facile and Universal Defect Engineering Toward Highly Stable Carbon-Based Polymer Brushes with High Grafting Density. Small 2023; 19:e2207821. [PMID: 36807771 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-based polymer brushes (CBPBs) are an important class of functional polymer materials, which synergistically combine the advantageous properties of both carbons and polymers. However, the conventional fabrication procedures of CBPBs involve tedious multistep modification, including preoxidation of carbon substrates, introduction of initiating groups, and subsequent graft polymerization. In this study, a simple yet versatile defect-engineering strategy is proposed for the efficient synthesis of high-grafting-density CBPBs with highly stable CC linkages via free radical polymerization. This strategy involves the introduction and removal of nitrogen heteroatoms in the carbon skeletons via a simple temperature-Fmed heat treatment, leading to the formation of numerous carbon defects (e.g., pentagons, heptagons, and octagons) with reactive C=C bonds in the carbon substrates. The as-proposed methodology enables the facile fabrication of CBPBs with various carbon substrates and polymers. More importantly, the highly grafted polymer chains in the resulting CBPBs are tethered with the carbon skeletons by robust CC bonds, which can endure strong acid and alkali environments. These interesting findings will shed new light on the well-orchestrated design of CBPBs and broaden their applications in various areas with fascinating performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelin Wang
- PCFM Lab and GDHPRC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Xidong Lin
- PCFM Lab and GDHPRC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Youchen Tang
- PCFM Lab and GDHPRC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Dongtian Miao
- PCFM Lab and GDHPRC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Junlong Huang
- PCFM Lab and GDHPRC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yan Lu
- PCFM Lab and GDHPRC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Shaohong Liu
- PCFM Lab and GDHPRC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Ruowen Fu
- PCFM Lab and GDHPRC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Dingcai Wu
- PCFM Lab and GDHPRC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
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11
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Feng A, Onggowarsito C, Mao S, Qiao GG, Fu Q. Divide and Conquer: A Novel Dual-Layered Hydrogel for Atmospheric Moisture Harvesting. ChemSusChem 2023:e202300137. [PMID: 37019848 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric water harvesting (AWH) has been recognized as a next-generation technology to alleviate water shortages in arid areas. However, the current AWH materials suffer from insufficient water adsorption capacity and high-water retention, which hinder the practical application of AWH materials. In this study, we developed a novel dual-layered hydrogel (DLH) composed of a light-to-heat conversion layer (LHL) containing novel polydopamine-manganese nanoparticles (PDA-Mn NPs) and a water adsorption layer (WAL) made of 2-(acryloyloxyethyl) trimethylammonium chloride (AEtMA). The WAL has a strong ability to adsorb water molecules in the air and has a high-water storage capacity, and the PDA-Mn NPs embedded in the LHL have excellent photothermal conversion efficiency, leading to light-induced autonomous water release. As a result, the DLH displays a high-water adsorption capacity of 7.73 g g-1 under optimal conditions and could near-quantitatively release captured water within 4 h sunlight exposure. Coupled with its low cost, we believed that the DLH will be one of the promising AWH materials for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Feng
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Casey Onggowarsito
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Shudi Mao
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Greg G Qiao
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Melbourne Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Qiang Fu
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
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12
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Liu L, Li J, Song T, Wu R, Zhao W, Huo F. Synthesis of Acrylate Dual-Tone Resists and the Effect of Their Molecular Weight on Lithography Performance and Mechanism: An Investigation. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:2331. [PMID: 36984212 PMCID: PMC10057158 DOI: 10.3390/ma16062331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Acrylate photoresists have gained considerable attention in recent years owing to their high resolution, high sensitivity, and versality. In this work, a series of thermally stable copolymers are synthesized by introducing an isobornyl group, and well characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (1H-NMR). The effects of polymerization conditions on the molecular weight and their further influence on lithography are explored. By analyzing the thermal properties, film-forming capabilities, and the patterning behavior of these copolymers, a direct correlation between lithography performance and polymerization conditions is established via the molecular weight. In addition, the baking temperature of lithography is also optimized by atomic force microscopy (AFM), after which a line resolution of 0.1 μm is observed under the exposure of a 248 nm UV light and electron beam. Notably, our synthesized photoresist displays dual-tone resist characteristics when different developers are applied, and the reaction mechanism of acid-catalyzed hydrolysis is finally proposed by comparing the structural changes before and after exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifei Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jintong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ting Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Rong Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Weizhen Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Feng Huo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Zhengzhou Institute of Emerging Industrial Technology, Zhengzhou 450000, China
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13
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Alhomaidan LM, Tar H, Alnafisah AS, Aroua LM, KouKi N, Alminderej FM, Lalevee J. Copper II Complexes Based on Benzimidazole Ligands as a Novel Photoredox Catalysis for Free Radical Polymerization Embedded Gold and Silver Nanoparticles. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15. [PMID: 36904530 DOI: 10.3390/polym15051289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The copper II complex's novel benzimidazole Schiff base ligands were manufactured and gauged as a new photoredox catalyst/photoinitiator amalgamated with triethylamine (TEA) and iodonium salt (Iod) for the polymerization of ethylene glycol diacrylate while exposed to visible light by an LED Lamp at 405 nm with an intensity of 543 mW/cm2 at 28 °C. Gold and silver nanoparticles were obtained through the reactivity of the copper II complexes with amine/Iod salt. The size of NPs was around 1-30 nm. Lastly, the high performance of copper II complexes for photopolymerization containing nanoparticles is presented and examined. Ultimately, the photochemical mechanisms were observed using cyclic voltammetry. The preparation of the polymer nanocomposite nanoparticles in situ was photogenerated during the irradiation LED at 405 nm with an intensity of 543 mW/cm2 at 28 °C process. UV-Vis, FTIR, and TEM analyses were utilized for the determination of the generation of AuNPs and AgNPs which resided within the polymer matrix.
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Farooq M, Usman F, Naseem M, Aati HY, Ahmad H, Manee S, Khalil R, Khan KUR, Qureshi MI, Umair M. Voriconazole Cyclodextrin Based Polymeric Nanobeads for Enhanced Solubility and Activity: In Vitro/In Vivo and Molecular Simulation Approach. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15. [PMID: 36839711 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) based polymeric nanobeads containing voriconazole (VRC) were fabricated by free radical polymerization using N, N'-methylene bisacrylamide (MBA) as a cross-linker, 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) as monomer and ammonium persulfate (APS) as reaction promoter. Optimized formulation (CDN5) had a particle size of 320 nm with a zeta potential of -35.5 mV and 87% EE. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) depicted porous and non-spherical shaped beads. No evidence of chemical interaction was evident in FT-IR studies, whereas distinctive high-intensity VRC peaks were found superimposed in XRD. A stable polymeric network formation was evident in DSC studies owing to a lower breakdown in VRC loaded HPβCD in comparison to blank HPβCD. In vitro release studies showed 91 and 92% drug release for optimized formulation at pH 1.2 and 6.8, respectively, with first-order kinetics as the best-fit model and non-Fickian diffusion as the release mechanism. No evidence of toxicity was observed upon oral administration of HPβCD loaded VRC polymeric nanobeads owing to with cellular morphology of vital organs as observed in histopathology. Molecular docking indicates the amalgamation of the compounds highlighting the hydrophobic patching mediated by nanogel formulation. It can be concluded that the development of polymeric nanobeads can be a promising tool to enhance the solubility and efficacy of hydrophobic drugs such as VRC besides decreased toxicity and for effective management of fungal infections.
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15
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Batool N, Sarfraz RM, Mahmood A, Rehman U, Zaman M, Akbar S, Almasri DM, Gad HA. Development and Evaluation of Cellulose Derivative and Pectin Based Swellable pH Responsive Hydrogel Network for Controlled Delivery of Cytarabine. Gels 2023; 9. [PMID: 36661826 DOI: 10.3390/gels9010060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, pH-sensitive, biodegradable, and biocompatible Na-CMC/pectin poly(methacrylic acid) hydrogels were synthesized using an aqueous free radical polymerization technique and encapsulated by cytarabine (anti-cancer drug). The aim of the project was to sustain the plasma profile of cytarabine through oral administration. Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Na-CMC) and pectin were cross-linked chemically with methacrylic acid (MAA) as a monomer, using methylene bisacrylamide (MBA) as cross-linker and ammonium per sulfate (APS) as an initiator. Prepared hydrogel formulations were characterized for their texture, morphology, cytarabine loading efficiency, compositional and structural properties, thermal nature, stability, swelling response, drug release profile (pH 1.2 and pH 7.4), and in-vivo pharmacokinetic evaluation. Cytarabine-loaded hydrogels were also evaluated for their safety profile by carrying out toxicity studies in rabbits. Results demonstrated efficient encapsulation of cytarabine into the prepared network with loading ranging from 48.5-82.3%. The highest swelling ratio of 39.38 and maximum drug release of 83.29-85.27% were observed at pH 7.4, highlighting the pH responsiveness of the grafted system. Furthermore, cytarabine maximum release was noticed over 24 h, ensuring a sustained release response for all formulations. Histopathological studies and hemolytic profiles confirmed that the prepared hydrogel system was safe, biocompatible, and non-irritant, showing no symptoms of any toxicities and degeneration in organs. Moreover, pharmacokinetic estimation of the cytarabine-loaded hydrogel showed a remarkable increase in the plasma half-life from 4.44 h to 9.24 h and AUC from 22.06 μg/mL.h to 56.94 μg/mL.h. This study revealed that the prepared hydrogel carrier system has excellent abilities in delivering the therapeutic moieties in a controlled manner.
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16
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Barrat A, Simon F, Mazajczyk J, Charriere B, Fouquay S, Lalevee J. Thiophenium Salts as New Oxidant for Redox Polymerization under Mild- and Low-Toxicity Conditions. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28020627. [PMID: 36677685 PMCID: PMC9861688 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In mild conditions (under air, room temperature, no monomer purification and without any energy activation), redox free radical polymerization (RFRP) is considered as one of the most effective methods to polymerize (meth)acrylate monomers. In the past several years, there has been a growing interest in research on the development of new redox initiating systems (RISs), thanks mainly to the evolution of toxicity labeling and the stability issue of the current RIS based on peroxide and aromatic amine. In this study, a new, low-toxicity RIS based on thiophenium salt as the oxidant species is presented with various reductive species. The reactivity and the stability of the proposed RISs are investigated and the synthesis of new thiophenium salts reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Barrat
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, F-68100 Mulhouse, France
- Université de Strasbourg, F-67081, France
- Bostik Smart Technology Centre, F-60280 Venette, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Jacques Lalevee
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, F-68100 Mulhouse, France
- Université de Strasbourg, F-67081, France
- Correspondence:
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17
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Mahmood A, Mahmood A, Ibrahim MA, Hussain Z, Ashraf MU, Salem-Bekhit MM, Elbagory I. Development and Evaluation of Sodium Alginate/Carbopol 934P-Co-Poly (Methacrylate) Hydrogels for Localized Drug Delivery. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15. [PMID: 36679191 DOI: 10.3390/polym15020311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This research was carried out to create a pH-responsive polymeric system for the targeted drug delivery of Diloxanide furoate. It relied on sodium alginate (Na-Alg) and Carbopol 934P as building blocks. Using an aqueous free radical polymerization method, SCH1-SCH12 was created with varying polymer, MAA, and MBA input ratios. Positive outcomes were seen in the swelling and release profiles at higher pH levels. Hydrogel formation, as well as component compatibility, thermal stability, and Diloxanide furoate loading, were all validated by instrumental characterization. A drug loading percentage of 83.56% was determined, with the swelling reaching 743.19%. For the formulation with MBA, the gel fraction was 94.58%. The release of diloxanide furoate increased to 91.77% at neutral pH. The formulation containing Carbopol 934P provided the highest mucoadhesion force (3993.42 dynes/cm2). The created hydrogel has been shown to be biocompatible by toxicological testing of the network. Based on the findings, the created polymeric nexus proved promising for pH-dependent localized and regulated delivery of Diloxanide furoate.
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18
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Naeem S, Barkat K, Shabbir M, Khalid I, Anjum I, Shamshad N, Mehmood Y, Khan DH, Badshah SF, Syed MA, Afzal S, Abdullah Z. Fabrication of pH responsive hydrogel blends of chondroitin sulfate/pluronic F-127 for the controlled release of ketorolac: its characterization and acute oral toxicity study. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2022; 48:611-622. [PMID: 36420771 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2022.2150773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ketorolac tromethamine (KT), selected as a model drug, is used in management of moderate to severe acute pain. It has a short half-life (∼5.5 h) and requires frequent dose administration when needed for longer period of time. In our current project, we designed pH responsive hydrogel blends of chondroitin sulfate/pluronic F-127 (CS/Pl) for the controlled release of ketorolac. METHODS Hydrogel blends were fabricated using free radical polymerization reaction technique utilizing different ratios of chondroitin sulfate (CS) (polymer) and pluronic F-127 (polymer), acrylic acid (monomer), N,N'-methyl-bisacrylamide (MBA) (cross-linker), initiator ammonium persulfate (APS) and tween-80 (surfactant). The fabricated hydrogel blends were studied and evaluated for pH responsiveness, swelling, water absorbency, in vitro drug release, and morphological characteristics such as SEM, XRD, FTIR, and TGA/DSC. Acute toxicity study was performed on rabbits. RESULTS Maximum swelling and water absorbency were shown by CS/Pl blends being significantly greater at 7.4 (basic pH) than in 1.2 (acidic pH). In vitro dissolution demonstrated pH responsive controlled KT release following zero order at higher pH (7.4) medium up to 36 h. FTIR studies confirmed the structures of our blends; SEM results showed porous framework; thermal studies revealed higher stability of hydrogels than the individual polymers; and XRD confirmed the nature of our blends. Toxicity study revealed the nontoxic nature of the hydrogel blends. CONCLUSION The prepared CS/Pl hydrogels demonstrated stimuli-controlled release with delivery of drug for prolonged period of time and thus can minimize dosing frequency, safe drug delivery, increased patient compliance and easiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Naeem
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Kashif Barkat
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Maryam Shabbir
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ikrima Khalid
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Irfan Anjum
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nadia Shamshad
- Faculty of Pharmacy, CUST University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Daulat Haleem Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Lahore College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Sana Afzal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zainab Abdullah
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
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TAMER Y, BERBER H. Kinetic, isotherm, and thermodynamic studies for adsorptive removal of basic violet 14 from aqueous solution. Turk J Chem 2022; 46:2057-2071. [PMID: 37621340 PMCID: PMC10446944 DOI: 10.55730/1300-0527.3502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the performance of chitosan based semi-IPN nanocomposite hydrogels for the adsorptive removal of basic violet 14 (BV14) from aqueous solution has been explored. Batch adsorption studies were conducted to determine the effect of various parameters on BV14 adsorption, and optimum values were reported as pH of 8, the adsorbent dosage of 0.025 g, initial BV14 concentration of 5 mg L-1 and contact time of 90 min at a temperature of 25 °C. The semi-IPN hydrogel containing 0.5% by weight GO showed the improved adsorption capacity for BV14 compared to the neat hydrogel adsorbent, and the maximum adsorption capacity was 276.21 mg g-1 with a removal efficiency of 90.4%. Kinetic studies have shown that the pseudo-second-order kinetic model can well describe BV14 adsorption. The equilibrium adsorption data showed the best fit with the Langmuir model. Thermodynamic studies revealed that BV14 adsorption was physical in nature and occurred spontaneously and endothermically. The BV14 removal efficiency above 84% was obtained after five consecutive adsorption-desorption cycles, which has proved the reusability performance of the adsorbent and the recovery potential of BV14 dye. Overall, the results of this study indicated that GO containing chitosan based semi-IPN nanocomposite hydrogel could be an effective and environmentally friendly adsorbent for the successful removal of BV14 molecules from aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasemin TAMER
- Department of Polymer Material Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yalova University, Yalova,
Turkey
| | - Hale BERBER
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Yıldız Technical University, İstanbul,
Turkey
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20
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Salawi A, Khan A, Zaman M, Riaz T, Ihsan H, Butt MH, Aman W, Khan R, Majeed I, Almoshari Y, Alshamrani M. Development of Statistically Optimized Chemically Cross-Linked Hydrogel for the Sustained-Release Delivery of Favipiravir. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14122369. [PMID: 35745945 PMCID: PMC9227890 DOI: 10.3390/polym14122369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, the use of statistical approaches, i.e., Box–Bhenken designs, are becoming very effective for developing and optimizing pharmaceutical drug formulations. In the current work, a Box–Bhenken design was employed using Design Expert version 11 to develop, evaluate, and optimize a hydrogel-based formulation for sustained release of an antiviral drug, i.e., favipiravir. The hydrogels were prepared using the free radical polymerization technique. β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD), N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA), acrylic acid (AA), and potassium per sulfate (KPS) were used as oligomer, crosslinker, monomer, and initiator, respectively. Three variables, including β-CD (X1), MBA (X2), and AA (X3) were used at various concentrations for the preparation of hydrogels, followed by evaluation of a sol–gel fraction, swelling, porosity, chemical compatibilities, in vitro drug release, and entrapment efficiency. The results of the studies revealed that the degree of swelling was pH dependent, the best swelling being at pH 7.2 (1976%). On the other hand, for the low sol fraction of 0.2%, the reasonable porosity made the hydrogel capable of loading 99% favipiravir, despite its hydrophobic nature. The maximum entrapment efficiency (99%) was observed in optimized hydrogel formulation (F15). Similarly, in vitro drug release studies showed that the prepared hydrogels exhibited a good, sustained release effect till the 24th hour. The kinetic modelling of drug release data revealed that the Korsmeyer–Peppas model was best fit model, describing a diffusion type of drug release from the prepared hydrogels. Conclusively, the outcomes predict that the hydrogel-based system could be a good choice for developing a sustained-release, once-daily dosage form of favipiravir for improved patient compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Salawi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.); (Y.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Arooj Khan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (T.R.); (H.I.); (M.H.B.); (R.K.); (I.M.)
- Correspondence: (A.K.); (M.Z.)
| | - Muhammad Zaman
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (T.R.); (H.I.); (M.H.B.); (R.K.); (I.M.)
- Correspondence: (A.K.); (M.Z.)
| | - Tehseen Riaz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (T.R.); (H.I.); (M.H.B.); (R.K.); (I.M.)
| | - Hafsa Ihsan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (T.R.); (H.I.); (M.H.B.); (R.K.); (I.M.)
| | - Muhammad Hammad Butt
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (T.R.); (H.I.); (M.H.B.); (R.K.); (I.M.)
| | - Waqar Aman
- Department of Pharmacy, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan;
| | - Rahima Khan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (T.R.); (H.I.); (M.H.B.); (R.K.); (I.M.)
| | - Imtiaz Majeed
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (T.R.); (H.I.); (M.H.B.); (R.K.); (I.M.)
| | - Yosif Almoshari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.); (Y.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Meshal Alshamrani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.); (Y.A.); (M.A.)
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21
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Lin JT, Lalevee J, Liu HW. Efficacy Analysis of In Situ Synthesis of Nanogold via Copper/Iodonium/Amine/Gold System under a Visible Light. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:4013. [PMID: 34833312 PMCID: PMC8622602 DOI: 10.3390/polym13224013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This article presents, for the first time, the kinetics and the general features of a photopolymerization system (under visible light), copper-complex/Iodonium/triethylamine/gold-chloride (orA/B/N/G), with initial concentrations of A0, B0, N0 and G0, based on the proposed mechanism of Tar et al. Analytic formulas were developed to explore the new features, including: (i) both free radical photopolymerization (FRP) efficacy and the production of nanogold (NG), which are proportional to the relative concentration ratios of (A0 + B0 + N0)/G0 and may be optimized for maximum efficacy; (ii) the two competing procedures of NG production and the efficacy of FRP, which can be tailored for an optimal system with nanogold in the polymer matrix; (iii) the FRP efficacy, which is contributed by three components given by the excited state of copper complex (T), and the radicals (R and S) produced by iodonium and amine, respectively; (iv) NG production, which is contributed by the coupling of T and radical (S) with gold ion; and (v) NG production, which has a transient state proportional to the light intensity and the concentration ratio A0/G0) + (N0/(K'M0), but also a steady-state independent of the light intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Teng Lin
- New Photon Corp., 10F, No. 55, Sect. 3, Xinbei Blvd, Xinzhuang, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan;
| | - Jacques Lalevee
- CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, Université de Haute-Alsace, F-68100 Mulhouse, France;
| | - Hsia-Wei Liu
- Department of Life Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan
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22
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Abstract
Corneal wound healing is a highly regulated biological process that is of importance for reducing the risk of blinding corneal infections and inflammations. Traditional eye drop was the main approach for promoting corneal wound healing. However, its low bioavailability required a high therapeutic concentration, which can lead to ocular or even systemic side effects. To develop a safe and effective method for treating corneal injury, we fabricated rutin-encapsulated gelatin hydrogel/contact lens composites by dual crosslinking reactions including in situ free radical polymerization and carboxymethyl cellulose/N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide crosslinking. In vitro drug release results evidenced that rutin in the composites could be sustainedly released for up to 14 days. In addition, biocompatibility assay indicated nontoxicity of the composites. Finally, the effect of rutin-encapsulated composites on the healing of the corneal injury in rabbits was investigated. The injury was basically cured in corneas using rutin-encapsulated composites (healing rate, 98.3% ± 0.7%) at 48 h post-operation, while the damage was still present in corneas using the composite (healing rate, 87.0% ± 4.5%). Further proteomics analysis revealed that corneal wound healing may be promoted by the ERK/MAPK and PI3K/AKT signal pathways. These results inform a potential intervention strategy to facilitate corneal wound healing in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianghui Zhao
- Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xia Qi
- Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Tao Cai
- Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Zheng Fan
- Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xianli Du
- Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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23
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Shahid N, Erum A, Zaman M, Tulain UR, Shoaib QUA, Majeed A, Rasool MF, Imran I, Alshehri S, Noorani B, Alqahtani F. pH-Responsive Nanocomposite Based Hydrogels for the Controlled Delivery of Ticagrelor; In Vitro and In Vivo Approaches. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:6345-6366. [PMID: 34556985 PMCID: PMC8455181 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s330186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ticagrelor (TG), an antiplatelet drug is employed to treat patients with acute coronary syndrome, but its inadequate oral bioavailability due to poor solubility and low permeability restricts its effectiveness. Purpose This contemporary work was aimed to design a novel pH-sensitive nanocomposite hydrogel (NCH) formulation incorporating thiolated chitosan (TCH) based nanoparticles (NPs) of Ticagrelor (TG), to enhance its oral bioavailability for effectively inhibiting platelet aggregation. Methods NCHs were prepared by free radical polymerization technique, using variable concentrations of chitosan (CH) as biodegradable polymer, acrylic acid (AA) as a monomer, N,N-methylene bisacrylamide (MBAA) as cross-linker, and potassium persulphate (KPS) as initiator. Results The optimum hydrogel formulation was selected for fabricating NCHs, considering porosity, sol-gel fraction, swelling studies, drug loading capacity, and TG’s in vitro release as determining factors. Outcomes of the studies have shown that the extent of hydrogel swelling and drug release was comparatively greater at higher pH (7.4). Moreover, an amplifying trend was observed for drug loading and hydrogel swelling by increasing AA content, while it declined by increasing MBAA. The NCHs were evaluated by various physicochemical techniques and the selected formulation was subjected to in vivo bioavailability studies, confirming enhancement of bioavailability as indicated by prolonged half-life and multifold increase in area under the curve (AUC) as compared to pure TG. Conclusion The results suggest that NCHs demonstrated a pH-responsive, controlled behavior along with enhanced bioavailability. Thus NCHs can be effectively utilized as efficient delivery systems for oral delivery of TG to reduce the risk of myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nariman Shahid
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan.,Akhtar Saeed College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lahore, 53720, Pakistan
| | - Alia Erum
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zaman
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, 54782, Pakistan
| | - Ume Ruqia Tulain
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | | | - Abdul Majeed
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad F Rasool
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Imran Imran
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Sultan Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Behnam Noorani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA
| | - Faleh Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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24
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Molle E, Mutlu H, Theato P. Synthesis and Post-Polymerization Modification of Poly(N-(4-Vinylphenyl)Sulfonamide)s. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2100063. [PMID: 33939230 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a straightforward synthesis of a novel class of polymers, that is, poly(N-(4-vinylphenyl)sulfonamide)s, and their monomers is reported. A set of monomers with varying electron densities, fine-tuned by different substituents on the aromatic sulfonamide moiety, is polymerized by free radical polymerization featuring low molar masses (2300 ≤ Mn ≤ 3200 g mol-1 ) and low dispersities (1.15 ≤ Đ ≤ 1.47). Further, the post-polymerization modification of the obtained polymers via aza-Michael addition with electron-deficient alkenes is demonstrated using organic superbases as catalysts, paving the way toward the facile synthesis of novel polymeric protected β-amino acid derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Molle
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Hatice Mutlu
- Institute for Biological Interfaces III (IBG-3), Soft Matter Synthesis Laboratory, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Patrick Theato
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.,Institute for Biological Interfaces III (IBG-3), Soft Matter Synthesis Laboratory, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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25
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Chen M, Chen X, Zhang C, Cui B, Li Z, Zhao D, Wang Z. Kaolin-Enhanced Superabsorbent Composites: Synthesis, Characterization and Swelling Behaviors. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1204. [PMID: 33917806 DOI: 10.3390/polym13081204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
One type of low-cost and eco-friendly organic‒inorganic superabsorbent composite (SAPC) was synthesized by free radical polymerization of acrylic acid (AA), starch (ST), sodium alginate (SA) and kaolin (KL) in aqueous solution. The structure and morphology of the SAPC were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The influence of different reaction conditions on water absorption of SAPC, i.e., SA and KL contents, AA neutralization degree (ND), potassium persulfate (KPS) and N, N′-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) loading were systematically studied. Under the optimal synthesis conditions, very high water absorption of 1200 g/g was achieved. The swelling kinetic mechanism of SAPC was studied by pseudo-second order swelling kinetics model and Ritger‒Peppas model. The performances of SAPC under different environments were tested and results revealed that this new SAPC had excellent swelling capacity, high water retention, good salt tolerance in monovalent salt solution (NaCl solution) and good pH tolerance between 4 and 10.
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26
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Rahal M, Graff B, Toufaily J, Hamieh T, Noirbent G, Gigmes D, Dumur F, Lalevée J. 3-Carboxylic Acid and Formyl-Derived Coumarins as Photoinitiators in Photo-Oxidation or Photo-Reduction Processes for Photopolymerization upon Visible Light: Photocomposite Synthesis and 3D Printing Applications. Molecules 2021; 26:1753. [PMID: 33800978 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, nine organic compounds based on the coumarin scaffold and different substituents were synthesized and used as high-performance photoinitiators for free radical photopolymerization (FRP) of meth(acrylate) functions under visible light irradiation using LED at 405 nm. In fact, these compounds showed a very high initiation capacity and very good polymerization profiles (both high rate of polymerization (Rp) and final conversion (FC)) using two and three-component photoinitiating systems based on coum/iodonium salt (0.1%/1% w/w) and coum/iodonium salt/amine (0.1%/1%/1% w/w/w), respectively. To demonstrate the efficiency of the initiation of photopolymerization, several techniques were used to study the photophysical and photochemical properties of coumarins, such as: UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, steady-state photolysis, real-time FTIR, and cyclic voltammetry. On the other hand, these compounds were also tested in direct laser write experiments (3D printing). The synthesis of photocomposites based on glass fiber or carbon fiber using an LED conveyor at 385 nm (0.7 W/cm2) was also examined.
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27
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Al-Tabakha MM, Khan SA, Ashames A, Ullah H, Ullah K, Murtaza G, Hassan N. Synthesis, Characterization and Safety Evaluation of Sericin-Based Hydrogels for Controlled Delivery of Acyclovir. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:234. [PMID: 33800248 DOI: 10.3390/ph14030234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional formulations of antiviral drug acyclovir have various limitations such as low bioavailability. The current study was aimed at developing polymeric matrices for the controlled delivery of acyclovir using sericin as polymer and acrylic acid (AA) as a monomer. The free radical polymerization technique was used for hydrogel formulation. Briefly, sericin was chemically cross-linked with acrylic acid. N′-N′-methylene bis-acrylamide (MBA) and ammonium persulfate (APS) were used as cross-linker and initiator, respectively. FTIR spectra showed that acyclovir was successfully loaded into sericin hydrogel. SEM micrographs revealed that the outer surface was solid-like and smooth. According to DSC thermograms, the developed polymeric network was thermally stable. Amorphous nature of acyclovir was observed in XRD. The pH of medium and reactants’ concentration affected swelling dynamics and acyclovir release pattern. In addition, drug release occurred through a diffusion-controlled process. Sericin hydrogel suspension was well tolerable up to 3800 mg/kg of rabbits’ body weight. Haematology and serum chemistry results were well within the range signifying normal liver and kidney functions. Similarly, histopathology slides of the rabbit’s vital organs were also in normal condition without causing any histopathological change. It was concluded from the findings that sericin-co-AA polymeric matrices are ideal for the pH-dependent delivery of acyclovir.
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28
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Morey M, Srivastava A, Pandit A. Glucose-Responsive Gene Delivery at Physiological pH through Tertiary-Amine Stabilized Boronate-PVA Particles Synthesized by One-Pot Reaction. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13010062. [PMID: 33418878 PMCID: PMC7825127 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a physiologically stable and cytocompatible glucose-responsive nonviral gene delivery system made up of boronate functionalized polymeric material. Herein, we utilize boronate cis-diol interactions to develop a glucose-responsive submicron particle (SMP) system. The stability of the boronate interaction at a physiological pH was achieved by copolymerization of dimethyl aminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) with acrylamidophenylboronic acid (AAPBA) and the formation of a complex with polyvinylalcohol (PVA) which is governed by cis-diol interactions. The shift in hydrodynamic diameter of SMPs was observed and correlated with increasing glucose concentrations at a physiological pH. Optimal transfection was observed for a 5 µg dose of the gaussia luciferase reporter gene in NIH3T3 cells without any adverse effect on cellular viability. The destabilization of the AAPBA–PVA complex by interacting with glucose allowed the release of encapsulated bovine serum albumin (BSA) in a glucose-responsive manner. In total, 95% of BSA was released from SMPs at a 50 mM glucose concentration after 72 h. A two-fold increase in transfection was observed in 50 mM glucose compared to that of 10 mM glucose.
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29
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Du L, Zhang G, Yang D, Luo J, Liu Y, Zhang W, Zhang C, Li J, Zhu J. Synthesis of a novel amphoteric copolymer and its application as a dispersant for coal water slurry preparation. R Soc Open Sci 2021; 8:201480. [PMID: 33614083 PMCID: PMC7890484 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.201480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a novel amphoteric copolymer named Poly(sodium p-styrenesulfonate-co-acrylic acid-co-diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (P(SS-co-AA-co-DMDAAC)) was synthesized via free radical polymerization. Afterwards, P(SS-co-AA-co-DMDAAC) was explored for use as a dispersant in coal water slurry (CWS) preparation. The structure of P(SS-co-AA-co-DMDAAC) was verified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance. The synthetic conditions were optimized as the feed ratio of AA to SS was 1 : 1 (for Yulin coal) or 1.5 : 1 (for Yili coal), and DMDAAC dosage was 4.0 wt% (for Yulin coal) and 6.0 wt% (for Yili coal) toward total monomers. The performances of P(SS-co-AA-co-DMDAAC) as a dispersant for CWS were evaluated by various technologies, such as apparent viscosity, zeta potential, static stability and contact angle measurements. The results revealed that the optimized dosage of P(SS-co-AA-co-DMDAAC) in CWS preparation was 0.3 and 0.4 wt% for Yulin coal and Yili coal respectively. In this optimum condition, CWS prepared using P(SS-co-AA-co-DMDAAC) as dispersant showed a typical shear thinning behaviour and excellent stability, which are desired in industries. The rheological models also confirmed the pseudo-plastic characteristics of CWS. Finally, compared with the widely used anionic dispersant naphthalene sulphonate formaldehyde condensate (NSF) and poly(sodium p-styrenesulfonate) (PSS), P(SS-co-AA-co-DMDAAC) developed in this work exhibited better slurry making performance. The introduction of cationic functional groups promoted the adsorption of the dispersant, which further enhanced the electrostatic repulsion and steric hindrance among coal particles. Accordingly, the viscosity of CWS decreased and static stability enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lun Du
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanghua Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongdong Yang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Luo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yewei Liu
- China Coal Technology and Engineering Group Clean Energy Co Ltd, Beijing 100013, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanbin Zhang
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Industrial Auxiliary Chemistry and Technology, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Ce Zhang
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Industrial Auxiliary Chemistry and Technology, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Junguo Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Junfeng Zhu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, People's Republic of China
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30
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Tar H, Kashar TI, Kouki N, Aldawas R, Graff B, Lalevée J. Novel Copper Photoredox Catalysts for Polymerization: An In Situ Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12102293. [PMID: 33036390 PMCID: PMC7599841 DOI: 10.3390/polym12102293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The copper II complex (HLCuCl) carrying 2,4 dinitrophenylhydrazone (L) is synthesized and evaluated as a new photoredox catalyst/photoinitiator in combination with triethylamine (TEA) and iodonium salt (Iod) for the radical polymerization of ethylene glycol diacrylate during exposure to visible light using a photoreactor at 419 nm. The copper complex reactivity with TEA/Iod salt/gold chloride showed a good production and stability of gold nanoparticles. Finally, the high performance of Cu (II) complex for radical photopolymerization incorporating gold nanoparticles is provided. The photochemical mechanisms for the production of initiating radicals are studied using cyclic voltammetry. Polymer nanocomposites containing gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) in situ photogenerated during the irradiation process were prepared. The formation of Au NPs inside the polymer matrix was through UV-Vis and EDS/SEM analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haja Tar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, King Abdulaziz Rd, Buraydah, Qassim 1162 SA, Saudi Arabia; (N.K.); (R.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-16-30-13490
| | - Tahani I. Kashar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32511, Egypt;
| | - Noura Kouki
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, King Abdulaziz Rd, Buraydah, Qassim 1162 SA, Saudi Arabia; (N.K.); (R.A.)
| | - Reema Aldawas
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, King Abdulaziz Rd, Buraydah, Qassim 1162 SA, Saudi Arabia; (N.K.); (R.A.)
| | - Bernadette Graff
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M – UMR CNRS 7361 – UHA, 15, rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse CEDEX, France; (B.G.); (J.L.)
| | - Jacques Lalevée
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M – UMR CNRS 7361 – UHA, 15, rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse CEDEX, France; (B.G.); (J.L.)
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31
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Zhao S, Battiston KG, Santerre JP. Sequence-Controlled Polyurethane Block Copolymer Displays Differentiated Immunoglobulin-G Adsorption That Influences Human Monocyte Adhesion and Activity. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:4433-4445. [PMID: 33455182 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The ability to specify an adsorbed protein layer through the polymer chemistry design of immunomodulatory biomaterials is important when considering a desired immune response, such as reducing pro-inflammatory activity. Limited work has been undertaken to elucidate the role of monomer sequence in this process, when copolymeric systems are involved. In this study, we demonstrate the advantage of an alternating radical copolymerization strategy as opposed to a random statistical copolymerization to order monomers in the synthesis of degradable polar-hydrophobic-ionic polyurethanes (D-PHI), biomaterials originally designed to reduce inflammatory monocyte activation. A monomer system consisting of a vinyl-terminated polyurethane cross-linker, maleic acid (MA), and ethyl vinyl ether (EVE), not only generated a diverse chemical environment of polar, hydrophobic, and ionic functional groups, but also formed a charge transfer complex (CTC) reactive to alternating polymerizations. Conversion of MA and EVE occurred in a constant proportion regardless of monomer availability, a phenomenon not observed in conventional D-PHI formulations. For feeds with unequal molar quantities of MA and EVE, the final conversion was limited and proportional to the limiting reagent, leading to an overall higher polyurethane cross-linker content. The presence of a reactive CTC was also found to limit the monomer conversion. Compared to a D-PHI with random monomer arrangement using methacrylic acid (MAA) and methyl methacrylate (MMA), a reduction in Fab region exposure from adsorbed immunoglobulin G and a reduction in average adherent monocyte activity were found in the sequence-controlled version. These results represent the first example of using an alternating copolymerization approach to generate regularly defined polymer chemistries in radical chain-growth biomaterials for achieving immunomodulation, and highlight the importance of considering sequence control as a design strategy for future immunomodulatory biomaterial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer Zhao
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Kyle G Battiston
- Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - J Paul Santerre
- Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1M1, Canada
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32
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Mokbel H, Graff B, Dumur F, Lalevée J. NIR Sensitizer Operating under Long Wavelength (1064 nm) for Free Radical Photopolymerization Processes. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 41:e2000289. [PMID: 32638497 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Free radical polymerization upon near-infrared (NIR) light is still the subject of intense research efforts and remains a huge challenge particularly for long wavelengths (>1000 nm). In this study, a NIR sensitizer operating upon long wavelength (1064 nm) is proposed for an efficient polymerization of acrylate monomers. A new three-component photoinitiating system is developed comprising the NIR sensitizer in combination with an Iodonium salt (Iod) and an amine. Remarkably, the NIR sensitizer (IR 1064) absorbing strongly in all the near infrared region (700-1200 nm) offers the possibility to use a broad range of irradiation wavelengths, i.e., examples are provided at 785 and 1064 nm. Such long wavelengths are characterized by many advantages such as a deeper penetration of light and therefore a better curing of the monomer but it is also much safer than UV light. Excellent performance is observed for the three-component IR 1064/Iod/Amine system under air: high conversion of acrylate functions associated with a fast polymerization time. The use of IR 1064 as NIR sensitizer with a broad NIR absorption is-to the best of current knowledge-never proposed in the literature. The photoinitiating performances are studied using real-time Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifaa Mokbel
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, Mulhouse, F-68100, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - Bernadette Graff
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, Mulhouse, F-68100, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - Frédéric Dumur
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR UMR 7273, Marseille, F-13397, France
| | - Jacques Lalevée
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, Mulhouse, F-68100, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, 67000, France
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Noirbent G, Xu Y, Bonardi AH, Duval S, Gigmes D, Lalevée J, Dumur F. New Donor-Acceptor Stenhouse Adducts as Visible and Near Infrared Light Polymerization Photoinitiators. Molecules 2020; 25:E2317. [PMID: 32429126 PMCID: PMC7287840 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25102317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymerization photoinitiators that can be activated under low light intensity and in the visible range are being pursued by both the academic and industrial communities. To efficiently harvest light and initiate a polymerization process, dyes with high molar extinction coefficients in the visible range are ideal candidates. In this field, Donor-acceptor Stenhouse Adducts (DASA) which belong to a class of recently discovered organic photochromic molecules still lack practical applications. In this work, a series of DASA-based dyes are proposed as photoinitiators for the free radical polymerization of (meth)acrylates upon exposure to a near infrared light (laser diode at 785 nm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Noirbent
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR UMR 7273, F-13397 Marseille, France; (G.N.); (D.G.)
| | - Yangyang Xu
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, F-68100 Mulhouse, France; (Y.X.); (A.-H.B.)
- Université de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Aude-Héloise Bonardi
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, F-68100 Mulhouse, France; (Y.X.); (A.-H.B.)
- Université de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Sylvain Duval
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181—UCCS—Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-59000 Lille, France;
| | - Didier Gigmes
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR UMR 7273, F-13397 Marseille, France; (G.N.); (D.G.)
| | - Jacques Lalevée
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, F-68100 Mulhouse, France; (Y.X.); (A.-H.B.)
- Université de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Frédéric Dumur
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR UMR 7273, F-13397 Marseille, France; (G.N.); (D.G.)
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Arar A, Mokbel H, Dumur F, Lalevée J. High Performance Redox Initiating Systems Based on the Interaction of Silane with Metal Complexes: A Unique Platform for the Preparation of Composites. Molecules 2020; 25:E1602. [PMID: 32244467 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Currently, Redox Initiating Systems (RISs) of Free Radical Polymerization (FRP) are mainly based on the interaction of aromatic amines with peroxides (e.g., dibenzoyl peroxide (BPO)) that can be both toxic and unstable. In the present work, we aim to replace these hazardous substances in new RIS that can be peroxide-free and amine-free. Our redox two components (2K) initiating system is based on diphenylsilane (DPS) as reducing agent combined with different metal complexes (Mn(acac)2, Cu(AAEMA)2 or Fe(acac)3) as oxidizing agents. For the new proposed RIS, an excellent reactivity is found for the polymerization of benchmark methacrylate monomers under mild conditions (redox polymerization done under air and at room temperature); remarkably, it is also possible to finely control the gel time. Different techniques (optical pyrometry, Real-Time FTIR spectroscopy, Cyclic Voltammetry and Electron Spin Resonance (ESR)) were used to follow the polymerization processes but also to shed some light on the new redox chemical mechanisms.
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35
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Nifant’ev I, Vinogradov A, Vinogradov A, Ivchenko P. DFT Modeling of the Alternating Radical Copolymerization and Alder-Ene Reaction between Maleic Anhydride and Olefins. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12040744. [PMID: 32230905 PMCID: PMC7240384 DOI: 10.3390/polym12040744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The free radical copolymerization of electron-acceptor and electron-donor vinyl monomers represents a particular case of sequence-controlled polymerization. The reactions of maleic anhydride (MA) or related compounds (acceptor comonomers) with α-olefins (donor comonomers) result in the formation of the alternating copolymers that have clear prospects for petrochemical and biomedical applications. However, in contrast to the well-established polymerization of acrylate monomers, these processes have not been studied theoretically using the density functional theory (DFT) calculations. In our research, we performed a comprehensive theoretical analysis of the free radical copolymerization of MA and closely related maleimide with different structural types of olefins at mpw1pw91/6-311g(d) level of the DFT. The results of our calculations clearly indicated the preference of the alternating reaction mode for the copolymerization of MA with α-olefins, isobutylene and prospective unsaturated monomers, as well as methylenealkanes. The DFT modeling of the thermally induced Alder-ene reaction between MA and olefins allowed to exclude this reaction from the scope of possible side processes at moderately high temperatures. Comparative analysis of MA and N-methylmaleimide (MMI) reactivity shown that the use of MMI instead of MA makes no sense in terms of the reaction rate and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya Nifant’ev
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis RAS, 29 Leninsky Pr., Moscow 119991, Russia; (A.V.);
- Chemistry Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1 Leninskie Gory Str., Building 3, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +7-495-939-4098
| | - Alexander Vinogradov
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis RAS, 29 Leninsky Pr., Moscow 119991, Russia; (A.V.);
| | - Alexey Vinogradov
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis RAS, 29 Leninsky Pr., Moscow 119991, Russia; (A.V.);
| | - Pavel Ivchenko
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis RAS, 29 Leninsky Pr., Moscow 119991, Russia; (A.V.);
- Chemistry Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1 Leninskie Gory Str., Building 3, Moscow 119991, Russia
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36
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Roseen MA, Fahrenholtz MM, Connell JP, Grande-Allen KJ. Interfacial Coating Method for Amine-Rich Surfaces using Poly(ethylene glycol) Diacrylate Applied to Bioprosthetic Valve Tissue Models. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2020; 3:1321-1330. [PMID: 35021626 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Bioprosthetic heart valve implants are beset by calcification and failure due to the interactions between the body and the transplant. Hydrogels can be used as biological blank slates that may help to shield implants from these interactions; however, traditional light-based hydrogel polymerization is impeded by tissue opacity and topography. Therefore, new methods must be created to bind hydrogel to implant tissues. To address these complications, a two-step surface-coating method for bioprosthetic valves was developed. A previously developed bioprosthetic valve model (VM) was used to investigate and optimize the coating method. Generally, this coating is achieved by first reacting surface amine groups with an NHS-PEG-acrylate while also allowing glucose to absorb into the bulk. Then, glucose oxidase, poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA), and iron ions are added to the system to initiate free-radical polymerization that bonds the PEGDA hydrogel to the acrylates sites on the surface. Results showed a thin (∼8 μm), continuous coating on VM samples that is capable of repelling protein adhesion (2% surface fouling versus 20% on uncoated samples) and does not significantly affect the surface mechanical properties. Based on this success, the coating method was translated to glutaraldehyde-fixed valve tissue samples. Results showed noncontinuous but evident coating on the surface, which was further improved by adjusting the coating solution. These results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed two-step surface coating method for modifying the surface of bioprosthetic valve replacements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine A Roseen
- Rice University, Department of Bioengineering, 6100 Main St, Houston, Texas 77035, United States
| | - Monica M Fahrenholtz
- Rice University, Department of Bioengineering, 6100 Main St, Houston, Texas 77035, United States.,Texas Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery, 6621 Fannin St, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Jennifer P Connell
- Rice University, Department of Bioengineering, 6100 Main St, Houston, Texas 77035, United States
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Li RQ, Wang MX, Zhang QY, Chen JG, Wang K, Zhang XY, Shen S, Liu ZT, Liu ZW, Jiang J. Insight into the Intermolecular Interaction and Free Radical Polymerizability of Methacrylates in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E78. [PMID: 31906565 PMCID: PMC7023658 DOI: 10.3390/polym12010078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
High pressure in situ Fourier transfer infrared/near infrared technology (HP FTIR/NIR) along with theoretical calculation of density functional theory (DFT) method was employed. The solvation behaviors and the free radical homopolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA), methacrylate acid (MAA), trifluoromethyl methacrylate (MTFMA) and trifluoromethyl methacrylate acid (TFMAA) in scCO2 were systematically investigated. Interestingly, the previously proposed mechanism of intermolecular-interaction dynamically-induced solvation effect (IDISE) of monomer in scCO2 is expected to be well verified/corroborated in view that the predicted solubility order of the monomers in scCO2 via DFT calculation is ideally consistent with that observed via HP FTIR/NIR. It is shown that MMA and MAA can be easily polymerized, while the free radical polymerizability of MTFMA is considerably poor and TFMAA cannot be polymerized via the free radical initiators. The α trifluoromethyl group (-CF3) may effectively enhance the intermolecular hydrogen bonding and restrain the diffusion of the monomer in scCO2. More importantly, the strong electron-withdrawing inductive effect of -CF3 to C=C may distinctly decrease the atomic charge of the carbon atom in the methylene (=CH2). These two factors are believed to be predominantly responsible for the significant decline of the free radical polymerizability of MTFMA and the other alkyl 2-trifluoromethacrylates in scCO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Qing Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China; (R.-Q.L.); (M.-X.W.); (Q.-Y.Z.); (X.-Y.Z.); (Z.-W.L.); (J.J.)
| | - Ming-Xi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China; (R.-Q.L.); (M.-X.W.); (Q.-Y.Z.); (X.-Y.Z.); (Z.-W.L.); (J.J.)
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi’an 710021, China;
| | - Qi-Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China; (R.-Q.L.); (M.-X.W.); (Q.-Y.Z.); (X.-Y.Z.); (Z.-W.L.); (J.J.)
| | - Jian-Gang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China; (R.-Q.L.); (M.-X.W.); (Q.-Y.Z.); (X.-Y.Z.); (Z.-W.L.); (J.J.)
| | - Kuan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi’an 710021, China;
| | - Xiao-Yong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China; (R.-Q.L.); (M.-X.W.); (Q.-Y.Z.); (X.-Y.Z.); (Z.-W.L.); (J.J.)
| | - Shukun Shen
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China;
| | - Zhao-Tie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China; (R.-Q.L.); (M.-X.W.); (Q.-Y.Z.); (X.-Y.Z.); (Z.-W.L.); (J.J.)
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi’an 710021, China;
| | - Zhong-Wen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China; (R.-Q.L.); (M.-X.W.); (Q.-Y.Z.); (X.-Y.Z.); (Z.-W.L.); (J.J.)
| | - Jinqiang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China; (R.-Q.L.); (M.-X.W.); (Q.-Y.Z.); (X.-Y.Z.); (Z.-W.L.); (J.J.)
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Joubert F, Cheong Phey Denn P, Guo Y, Pasparakis G. Comparison of Thermoresponsive Hydrogels Synthesized by Conventional Free Radical and RAFT Polymerization. Materials (Basel) 2019; 12:ma12172697. [PMID: 31450750 PMCID: PMC6747592 DOI: 10.3390/ma12172697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We compared the influence of the polymerization mechanism onto the physical characteristics of thermoresponsive hydrogels. The Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) hydrogels were successfully synthesized using reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) and free radical polymerization (FRP). The gels were prepared while using different crosslinker feed and monomer concentration. The swelling, dye release, and hydrolytic stability of the gels were investigated in water, or in representative komostrope and chaotrope salt solutions at room temperature and at 37 °C. It was found that the swelling ratio (SR) of the RAFT gels was significantly higher than that of the FRP gels; however, an increased crosslinking density resulted in a decrease of the SR of the RAFT gels as compared to the corresponding gels that are made by FRP, which indicates the limitation of the cross-linking efficiency that is attained in RAFT polymerization. Additionally, an increased monomer concentration decreased the SR of the RAFT gels, whereas a similar SR was observed for the FRP gels. However, the SR of both RAFT and FRP gels in NaSCN and Na2SO4 solutions were similar. Finally, the rate of dye release was significantly slower from the RAFT gels than the FRP gels and the hydrolytic stability of the RAFT gels was lower than that of FRP gels in water, but maintained similar stability in Na2SO4 and NaSCN solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Joubert
- UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK.
| | | | - Yujie Guo
- UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - George Pasparakis
- UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK.
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39
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Rödel M, Teßmar J, Groll J, Gbureck U. Tough and Elastic α-Tricalcium Phosphate Cement Composites with Degradable PEG-Based Cross-Linker. Materials (Basel) 2018; 12:E53. [PMID: 30586905 DOI: 10.3390/ma12010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Dual setting cements composed of an in situ forming hydrogel and a reactive mineral phase combine high compressive strength of the cement with sufficient ductility and bending strength of the polymeric network. Previous studies were focused on the modification with non-degradable hydrogels based on 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA). Here, we describe the synthesis of suitable triblock degradable poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(lactide) (PEG-PLLA) cross-linker to improve the resorption capacity of such composites. A study with four different formulations was established. As reference, pure hydroxyapatite (HA) cements and composites with 40 wt% HEMA in the liquid cement phase were produced. Furthermore, HEMA was modified with 10 wt% of PEG-PLLA cross-linker or a test series containing only 25% cross-linker was chosen for composites with a fully degradable polymeric phase. Hence, we developed suitable systems with increased elasticity and 5–6 times higher toughness values in comparison to pure inorganic cement matrix. Furthermore, conversion rate from α-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP) to HA was still about 90% for all composite formulations, whereas crystal size decreased. Based on this material development and advancement for a dual setting system, we managed to overcome the drawback of brittleness for pure calcium phosphate cements.
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40
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Papastergiou M, Kanellou A, Chriti D, Raptopoulos G, Paraskevopoulou P. Poly(Urethane-Acrylate) Aerogels via Radical Polymerization of Dendritic Urethane-Acrylate Monomers. Materials (Basel) 2018; 11:E2249. [PMID: 30424515 PMCID: PMC6266260 DOI: 10.3390/ma11112249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to investigate the effect of multifunctionality on material properties of synthetic polymer aerogels. For this purpose, we present the synthesis and characterization of monolithic dendritic-type urethane-acrylate monomers based on an aliphatic/flexible (Desmodur N3300), or an aromatic/rigid (Desmodur RE) triisocyanate core. The terminal acrylate groups (three at the tip of each of the three branches, nine in total) were polymerized with 2,2'-azobis(isobutyronitrile) (AIBN) via free radical chemistry. The resulting wet-gels were dried with supercritical fluid (SCF) CO₂. Aerogels were characterized with ATR-FTIR and solid-state 13C NMR. The porous network was probed with N₂-sorption and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The thermal stability of aerogels was studied with thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Most aerogels were macroporous materials (porosity > 80%), with high thermal stability (up to 300 °C). Aerogels were softer at low monomer concentrations and more rigid at higher concentrations. The material properties were compared with those of analogous aerogels bearing only one acrylate moiety at the tip of each branch and the same cores, and with those of analogous aerogels bearing norbornene instead of acrylate moieties. The nine-terminal acrylate-based monomers of this study caused rapid decrease of the solubility of the growing polymer and made possible aerogels with much smaller particles and much higher surface areas. For the first time, aliphatic/flexible triisocyanate-based materials could be made with similar properties in terms of particle size and surface areas to their aromatic/rigid analogues. Finally, it was found that with monomers with a high number of crosslinkable groups, material properties are determined by multifunctionality and thus aerogels based on 9-acrylate- and 9-norbornene-terminated monomers were similar. Materials with aromatic cores are carbonizable with satisfactory yields (20⁻30% w/w) to mostly microporous materials (BET surface areas: 640⁻740 m² g-1; micropore surface areas: 360⁻430 m² g-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Papastergiou
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, Athens 15771, Greece.
| | - Aspasia Kanellou
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, Athens 15771, Greece.
| | - Despoina Chriti
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, Athens 15771, Greece.
| | - Grigorios Raptopoulos
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, Athens 15771, Greece.
| | - Patrina Paraskevopoulou
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, Athens 15771, Greece.
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Ciftci M, Yagci Y. Block Copolymers by Mechanistic Transformation from PROAD to Iniferter Process. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 39:e1800464. [PMID: 30091815 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A facile strategy for synthesizing block copolymers by the combination of two different living polymerization techniques, namely, photoinduced radical oxidation/addition/deactivation (PROAD) and iniferter processes is described. In the first step, PROAD polymerization of isobutyl vinyl ether using bromotriphenylmethane, dimanganese decacarbonyl (Mn2 (CO)10 ), and diphenyliodonium bromide (Ph2 I+ Br- ) is carried out to yield polymers with triphenylmethyl (trityl) end groups. These prepolymers are used as macroiniferters in thermally induced free radical polymerization of vinyl monomers such as methyl methacrylate, tert-butyl acrylate, and styrene, resulting in the formation of corresponding block copolymers free from homopolymers. The precursor polymer and final block copolymers are characterized by 1 H NMR, FT-IR, GPC, and DSC analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Ciftci
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Bursa Technical University, 16310, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Yagci
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey.,Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research and Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80203, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Abstract
Chemiluminescent (CL) reactions are powerful analytical tools and are present in commercially available everyday objects such as glow sticks. Herein, the photons generated by chemiluminescence are exploited to induce covalent bond breakage and formation, using a chemically generated photonic field at ambient temperature through space as energy transducer. Remarkably, the generated photons enable both the cleavage of species generating radicals as well as the execution of [2 + 2] cycloadditions, demonstrating that disparate types of reactions can be triggered. The herein-presented photochemical concept establishes the field of CL-induced photochemistry, which is poised to enable photochemical transformations in situations where physical light sources, such as lamps, LEDs, and lasers cannot be employed, including in biological environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin B Kockler
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Hendrik Frisch
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia.,Marcromolecular Architectures, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruche 18,, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
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Sepulveda VR, Sierra L, López BL. Low Dispersity and High Conductivity Poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid) Membranes Obtained by Inexpensive Free Radical Polymerization of Sodium 4-styrenesulfonate. Membranes (Basel) 2018; 8:membranes8030058. [PMID: 30087256 PMCID: PMC6160978 DOI: 10.3390/membranes8030058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Controlled polymerizations are often used to synthesize polymers with low dispersity, which involves expensive initiators, constrained atmospheres, and multi-step purifying processes, especially with water soluble monomers. These drawbacks make the synthesis very expensive and of little industrial value. In this report, an inexpensive free radical polymerization of sodium 4-styrenesulfonate, using benzoyl peroxide as initiator in water/N,N-dimethylformamide solutions, is presented. After polymerization, an easy fiber precipitation method is implemented to extract and purify the polymer, obtaining conversions up to 99%, recoveries up to 98%, and molecular weight dispersities in the range of 1.15–1.85, where the pseudo-controlled behavior is attributed to a thermodynamic limiting molecular weight solubility. Three different methods were used to bring the polymer to its acid form, obtaining Ion Exchange Capacities as high as 4.8 meq/g. Finally, polymeric membranes were prepared and reached conductivities up to 164 mS/cm, which makes them good candidates as proton exchange membranes in fuel cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Raul Sepulveda
- Grupo de Investigación Ciencia de los Materiales, Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín 050010, Colombia.
| | - Ligia Sierra
- Grupo de Investigación Ciencia de los Materiales, Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín 050010, Colombia.
| | - Betty Lucy López
- Grupo de Investigación Ciencia de los Materiales, Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín 050010, Colombia.
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Rwei SP, Tuan HNA, Chiang WY, Way TF. Synthesis and Characterization of pH and Thermo Dual-Responsive Hydrogels with a Semi-IPN Structure Based on N-Isopropylacrylamide and Itaconamic Acid. Materials (Basel) 2018; 11:E696. [PMID: 29710793 PMCID: PMC5978073 DOI: 10.3390/ma11050696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN) hydrogels were synthesized and investigated in this study. Linear copolymer poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-itaconamic acid) p(NIPAM-co-IAM), which is formed by copolymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) and itaconamic acid (IAM, 4-amino-2-ethylene-4-oxobutanoic acid), was introduced into a solution of NIPAM to form a series of pH and thermo dual-responsive p(NIPAM-co-IAM)/pNIPAM semi-IPN hydrogels by free radical polymerization. The structural, morphological, chemical, and physical properties of the linear copolymer and semi-IPN hydrogels were investigated. The semi-IPN hydrogel showed high thermal stability according to thermal gravimetric analyzer (TGA). Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) images showed that the pore size was in the range of 119~297 µm and could be controlled by the addition ratio of the linear copolymer in the semi-IPN structure. The addition of linear copolymer increased the fracture strain from 57.5 ± 2.9% to 91.1 ± 4.9% depending on the added amount, while the compressive modulus decreased as the addition increased. Moreover, the pH and thermo dual-responsive properties were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and monitoring the swelling behavior of the hydrogels. In deionized (DI) water, the equilibrium swelling ratio of the hydrogels decreased as the temperature increased from 20 °C to 50 °C, while it varied in various pH buffer solutions. In addition, the swelling and deswelling rates of the hydrogels also significantly increased. The results indicate that the novel pH-thermo dual-responsive semi-IPN hydrogels were synthesized successfully and may be a potential material for biomedical, drug delivery, or absorption application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syang-Peng Rwei
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research and Development Center for Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, #1, Sec 3, Chung-Hsiao E. Rd, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Huynh Nguyen Anh Tuan
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research and Development Center for Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, #1, Sec 3, Chung-Hsiao E. Rd, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Whe-Yi Chiang
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research and Development Center for Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, #1, Sec 3, Chung-Hsiao E. Rd, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Tun-Fun Way
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research and Development Center for Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, #1, Sec 3, Chung-Hsiao E. Rd, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Al Mousawi A, Garra P, Dumur F, Bui TT, Goubard F, Toufaily J, Hamieh T, Graff B, Gigmes D, Fouassier JP, Lalevée J. Novel Carbazole Skeleton-Based Photoinitiators for LED Polymerization and LED Projector 3D Printing. Molecules 2017; 22:E2143. [PMID: 29207574 PMCID: PMC6149745 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22122143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Radical chemistry is a very convenient way to produce polymer materials. Here, an application of a particular photoinduced radical chemistry is illustrated. Seven new carbazole derivatives Cd1-Cd7 are incorporated and proposed as high performance near-UV photoinitiators for both the free radical polymerization (FRP) of (meth)acrylates and the cationic polymerization (CP) of epoxides utilizing Light Emitting Diodes LEDs @405 nm. Excellent polymerization-initiating abilities are found and high final reactive function conversions are obtained. Interestingly, these new derivatives display much better near-UV polymerization-initiating abilities compared to a reference UV absorbing carbazole (CARET 9H-carbazole-9-ethanol) demonstrating that the new substituents have good ability to red shift the absorption of the proposed photoinitiators. All the more strikingly, in combination with iodonium salt, Cd1-Cd7 are likewise preferred as cationic photoinitiators over the notable photoinitiator bis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phenylphosphine oxide (BAPO) for mild irradiation conditions featuring their remarkable reactivity. In particular their utilization in the preparation of new cationic resins for LED projector 3D printing is envisioned. A full picture of the included photochemical mechanisms is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assi Al Mousawi
- Institute of Science and Materials of Mulhouse IS2M-UMR, The National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS) 7361-UHA, 15, Rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse CEDEX, France.
- Laboratory of Materials, Catalysts, Environment and Analytical Methods (MCEMA-CHAMSI), EDST, Lebanese University, Campus Hariri, Hadath, Beyrouth, Lebanon.
| | - Patxi Garra
- Institute of Science and Materials of Mulhouse IS2M-UMR, The National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS) 7361-UHA, 15, Rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse CEDEX, France.
| | - Frédéric Dumur
- Institut de Chimie Radicalaire-CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, UMR 7273, F-13397 Marseille, France.
| | - Thanh-Tuan Bui
- Laboratory of Physico-chemistry of Polymers and Interfaces LPPI, University of Cergy-Pontoise, 5 Mail Gay Lussac, Neuville-sur-Oise, 95031 Cergy-Pontoise CEDEX, France.
| | - Fabrice Goubard
- Laboratory of Physico-chemistry of Polymers and Interfaces LPPI, University of Cergy-Pontoise, 5 Mail Gay Lussac, Neuville-sur-Oise, 95031 Cergy-Pontoise CEDEX, France.
| | - Joumana Toufaily
- Laboratory of Materials, Catalysts, Environment and Analytical Methods (MCEMA-CHAMSI), EDST, Lebanese University, Campus Hariri, Hadath, Beyrouth, Lebanon.
| | - Tayssir Hamieh
- Laboratory of Materials, Catalysts, Environment and Analytical Methods (MCEMA-CHAMSI), EDST, Lebanese University, Campus Hariri, Hadath, Beyrouth, Lebanon.
| | - Bernadette Graff
- Institute of Science and Materials of Mulhouse IS2M-UMR, The National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS) 7361-UHA, 15, Rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse CEDEX, France.
| | - Didier Gigmes
- Institut de Chimie Radicalaire-CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, UMR 7273, F-13397 Marseille, France.
| | - Jean Pierre Fouassier
- Institute of Science and Materials of Mulhouse IS2M-UMR, The National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS) 7361-UHA, 15, Rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse CEDEX, France.
| | - Jacques Lalevée
- Institute of Science and Materials of Mulhouse IS2M-UMR, The National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS) 7361-UHA, 15, Rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse CEDEX, France.
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Hibbins AR, Kumar P, Choonara YE, Kondiah PPD, Marimuthu T, Du Toit LC, Pillay V. Design of a Versatile pH-Responsive Hydrogel for Potential Oral Delivery of Gastric-Sensitive Bioactives. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:polym9100474. [PMID: 30965777 PMCID: PMC6418787 DOI: 10.3390/polym9100474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A pH-responsive hydrogel system was prepared by free radical polymerization of acrylamide and methyl acrylic acid in the presence of N-N′-methylene bisacrylamide. Sodium bicarbonate was further applied as a blowing agent, which afforded a porous hydrogel structure. The hydrogel system achieved a constant super swelling rate within simulated intestinal buffer (~4%/min) and remained relatively static within simulated gastric buffer (~0.8%/min). The hydrogel system was able to achieve matrix resilience greater than 30% under a relatively high strain of 40%. In addition, the hydrogel system demonstrated significant swelling properties in response to simulated intestinal environmental over 24 h, with contrasting characteristics in simulated gastric buffer. The hydrogel demonstrated type IV isotherm porosity characteristics, with remarkable MRI and SEM variations in gastric and intestinal simulated fluids. Drug loading was observed to be greater than 98% using theophylline as a prototype drug, evaluating its controlled release kinetics over 24 h. The hydrogel exhibited substantial pH-responsive activity, which could be used as a versatile platform for targeted release of gastric-sensitive therapeutics to the small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angus R Hibbins
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Therapeutics Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa.
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Therapeutics Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa.
| | - Yahya E Choonara
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Therapeutics Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa.
| | - Pierre P D Kondiah
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Therapeutics Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa.
| | - Thashree Marimuthu
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Therapeutics Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa.
| | - Lisa C Du Toit
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Therapeutics Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa.
| | - Viness Pillay
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Therapeutics Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa.
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Pentlavalli S, Chambers P, Sathy BN, O'Doherty M, Chalanqui M, Kelly DJ, Haut-Donahue T, McCarthy HO, Dunne NJ. Simple Radical Polymerization of Poly(Alginate-Graft-N-Isopropylacrylamide) Injectable Thermoresponsive Hydrogel with the Potential for Localized and Sustained Delivery of Stem Cells and Bioactive Molecules. Macromol Biosci 2017; 17. [PMID: 28714139 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201700118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, thermoresponsive copolymers that are fully injectable, biocompatible, and biodegradable and are synthesized via graft copolymerization of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) onto alginate using a free-radical reaction are presented. This new synthesis method does not involve multisteps or associated toxicity issues, and has the potential to reduce scale-up difficulties. Chemical and physical analyses verify the resultant graft copolymer structure. The lower critical solution temperature, which is a characteristic of sol-gel transition, is observed at 32 °C. The degradation properties indicate suitable degradation kinetics for drug delivery and bone tissue engineering applications. The synthesized P(Alg-g-NIPAAm) hydrogel is noncytotoxic with both human osteosarcoma (MG63) cells and porcine bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (pBMSCs). pBMSCs encapsulated in the P(Alg-g-NIPAAm) hydrogel remain viable, show uniform distribution within the injected hydrogel, and undergo osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation under appropriate culture conditions. Furthermore, for the first time, this work will explore the influence of alginate viscosity on the viscoelastic properties of the resulting copolymer hydrogels, which influences the rate of medical device formation and subsequent drug release. Together the results of this study indicate that the newly synthesized P(Alg-g-NIPAAm) hydrogel has potential to serve as a versatile and improved injectable platform for drug delivery and bone tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philip Chambers
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Binulal N Sathy
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita University, Kochi-682041, Kerala, India
| | | | | | - Daniel J Kelly
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Tammy Haut-Donahue
- Orthopedic Bioengineering Research Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | - Nicholas J Dunne
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, UK.,Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Centre for Medical Engineering Research, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Stokes Building, Collins Avenue, Dublin 9, Ireland
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Zhang L, Torkelson JM. Enhancement of Surface Wettability by Incorporating Polar Initiator Fragments at Chain Ends of Low-Molecular-Weight Polymers. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:12176-12181. [PMID: 28357852 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b03525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Simple methods for enhancing hydrophilicity of hydrocarbon polymers are of broad scientific and technological interest. Polystyrene was synthesized via free radical polymerization with initiator fragments incorporated at chain ends. Compared with high molecular weight polystyrene or chains with nonpolar ends, the dynamic receding water contact angle is reduced by as much as ∼30° in ∼4 kg/mol polystyrene with -COOH and nitrile chain ends. This remarkable enhancement results in surface hydrophilicity that is higher than that of poly(methyl methacrylate). This effective methodology incorporating polar moieties at chain ends of nonpolar polymers can be adapted to existing formulations for enhanced surface properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanhe Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - John M Torkelson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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Saraei M, Zarrini G, Esmati M, Ahmadzadeh L. Novel functionalized monomers based on kojic acid: snythesis, characterization, polymerization and evalution of antimicrobial activity. Des Monomers Polym 2016; 20:325-331. [PMID: 29491803 PMCID: PMC5784866 DOI: 10.1080/15685551.2016.1259832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Two novel acrylate monomers, [5-(benzyloxy)-4-oxo-4H-pyran-2-yl]methyl acrylate and {1-[(5-(benzyloxy)-4-oxo-4H-pyran-2-yl)methyl]-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl}methyl acrylate were synthesized by the reaction of 5-benzyloxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4H-pyran-4-one and 5-(benzyloxy)-2-{[4-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl]methyl}-4H-pyran-4-one with acryloyl chloride in the presence of triethylamine, respectively. These monomers were polymerized using 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as the initiator in N,N-dimethylformamide:14-dioxane (10:1) solution. The thermal behavior of the polymers was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial and antifungal activites aganist bacteria and fungi using the disk diffusion method. The results indicated that some of these compounds demonstrated moderate to good antibacterial and antifungal activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Saraei
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Zarrini
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Biology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Moshgan Esmati
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
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50
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Ritter H, Tabatabai M, Herrmann M. Amino-functionalized (meth)acryl polymers by use of a solvent-polarity sensitive protecting group (Br-t-BOC). Beilstein J Org Chem 2016; 12:245-52. [PMID: 26977183 PMCID: PMC4778502 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.12.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the synthesis of bromo-tert-butyloxycarbonyl (Br-t-BOC)-amino-protected monomers 2-((1-bromo-2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxycarbonylamino)ethyl (meth)acrylate 3a,b. For this purpose, 2-isocyanatoethyl (meth)acrylate 1a,b was reacted with 1-bromo-2-methylpropan-2-ol (2a). The free radical polymerization of (Br-t-BOC)-aminoethyl (meth)acrylates 3a,b yielded poly((Br-t-BOC)-aminoethyl (meth)acrylate) 6a,b bearing protected amino side groups. The subsequent solvolysis of the Br-t-BOC function led to the new polymers poly(2-aminoethyl (meth)acrylate) 8a,b with protonated free amino groups. The monomers and the resulting polymers were thoroughly characterized by 1H NMR, IR, GPC and DSC methods. The kinetics of the deprotection step was followed by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The solvent polarity and neighboring group effects on the kinetics of deprotection are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Ritter
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstraße 1, D-40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Monir Tabatabai
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstraße 1, D-40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Markus Herrmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstraße 1, D-40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
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