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Pinch M, Bendzus-Mendoza H, Hansen IA. Transcriptomics analysis of ethanol treatment of male Aedes aegypti reveals a small set of putative radioprotective genes. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1120408. [PMID: 36793417 PMCID: PMC9922702 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1120408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) is based on releasing sterilized male insects into wild insect populations to compete for mating with wild females. Wild females mated with sterile males will produce inviable eggs, leading to a decline in population of that insect species. Sterilization with ionizing radiation (x-rays) is a commonly used mechanism for sterilization of males. Since irradiation can cause damage to both, somatic and germ cells, and can severely reduce the competitiveness of sterilized males relative to wild males, means to minimize the detrimental effects of radiation are required to produce sterile, competitive males for release. In an earlier study, we identified ethanol as a functional radioprotector in mosquitoes. Methods: Here, we used Illumina RNA-seq to profile changes in gene expression of male Aedes aegypti mosquitoes fed on 5% ethanol for 48 hours prior to receiving a sterilizing x-ray dose, compared to males fed on water prior to sterilization. Results: RNA-seq revealed a robust activation of DNA repair genes in both ethanol-fed and water-fed males after irradiation, but surprisingly few differences in gene expression between ethanol-fed and water-fed males regardless of radiation treatment. Discussion: While differences in gene expression due to ethanol exposure were minimal, we identified a small group of genes that may prime ethanol-fed mosquitoes for improved survivability in response to sterilizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Pinch
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States
| | - Harley Bendzus-Mendoza
- Department of Computer Science, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States
| | - Immo A. Hansen
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States
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Kablau A, Erler S, Eckert JH, Pistorius J, Sharbati S, Einspanier R. Effects of Flupyradifurone and Two Reference Insecticides Commonly Used in Toxicological Studies on the Larval Proteome of the Honey bee Apis mellifera. INSECTS 2023; 14:77. [PMID: 36662005 PMCID: PMC9862931 DOI: 10.3390/insects14010077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The western honey bee Apis mellifera is globally distributed due to its beekeeping advantages and plays an important role in the global ecology and economy. In recent decades, several studies have raised concerns about bee decline. Discussed are multiple reasons such as increased pathogen pressure, malnutrition or pesticide use. Insecticides are considered to be one of the major factors. In 2013, the use of three neonicotinoids in the field was prohibited in the EU. Flupyradifurone was introduced as a potential successor; it has a comparable mode of action as the banned neonicotinoids. However, there is a limited number of studies on the effects of sublethal concentrations of flupyradifurone on honey bees. Particularly, the larval physiological response by means of protein expression has not yet been studied. Hence, the larval protein expression was investigated via 2D gel electrophoresis after following a standardised protocol to apply sublethal concentrations of the active substance (flupyradifurone 10 mg/kg diet) to larval food. The treated larvae did not show increased mortality or an aberrant development. Proteome comparisons showed clear differences concerning the larval metabolism, immune response and energy supply. Further field studies are needed to validate the in vitro results at a colony level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Kablau
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
- LABOKLIN GmbH and Co. KG, 97688 Bad Kissingen, Germany
| | - Silvio Erler
- Institute for Bee Protection, Julius Kühn Institute (JKI)—Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany
- Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Brauschweig, Germany
| | - Jakob H. Eckert
- Institute for Bee Protection, Julius Kühn Institute (JKI)—Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany
- Institute for Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Brauschweig, Germany
| | - Jens Pistorius
- Institute for Bee Protection, Julius Kühn Institute (JKI)—Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Soroush Sharbati
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Einspanier
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
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Both age and social environment shape the phenotype of ant workers. Sci Rep 2023; 13:186. [PMID: 36604491 PMCID: PMC9814961 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26515-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Position within the social group has consequences on individual lifespans in diverse taxa. This is especially obvious in eusocial insects, where workers differ in both the tasks they perform and their aging rates. However, in eusocial wasps, bees and ants, the performed task usually depends strongly on age. As such, untangling the effects of social role and age on worker physiology is a key step towards understanding the coevolution of sociality and aging. We performed an experimental protocol that allowed a separate analysis of these two factors using four groups of black garden ant (Lasius niger) workers: young foragers, old foragers, young nest workers, and old nest workers. We highlighted age-related differences in the proteome and metabolome of workers that were primarily related to worker subcaste and only secondarily to age. The relative abundance of proteins and metabolites suggests an improved xenobiotic detoxification, and a fuel metabolism based more on lipid use than carbohydrate use in young ants, regardless of their social role. Regardless of age, proteins related to the digestive function were more abundant in nest workers than in foragers. Old foragers were mostly characterized by weak abundances of molecules with an antibiotic activity or involved in chemical communication. Finally, our results suggest that even in tiny insects, extended lifespan may require to mitigate cancer risks. This is consistent with results found in eusocial rodents and thus opens up the discussion of shared mechanisms among distant taxa and the influence of sociality on life history traits such as longevity.
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Li J, Wang H, Zhu J, Yang Q, Luan Y, Shi L, Molina-Mora JA, Zheng Y. De novo assembly of a chromosome-level reference genome of the ornamental butterfly Sericinus montelus based on nanopore sequencing and Hi-C analysis. Front Genet 2023; 14:1107353. [PMID: 36968580 PMCID: PMC10030965 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1107353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sericinus montelus (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae, Parnassiinae) is a high-value ornamental swallowtail butterfly species widely distributed in Northern and Central China, Japan, Korea, and Russia. The larval stage of this species feeds exclusively on Aristolochia plants. The Aristolochia species is well known for its high levels of aristolochic acids (AAs), which have been found to be carcinogenic for numerous animals. The swallowtail butterfly is among the few that can feed on these toxic host plants. However, the genetic adaptation of S. montelus to confer new abilities for AA tolerance has not yet been well explored, largely due to the limited genomic resources of this species. This study aimed to present a chromosome-level reference genome for S. montelus using the Oxford Nanopore long-read sequencing, Illumina short-read sequencing, and Hi-C technology. The final assembly was composed of 581.44 Mb with an expected genome size of 619.27 Mb. Further, 99.98% of the bases could be anchored onto 30 chromosomes. The N50 of contigs and scaffolds was 5.74 and 19.12 Mb, respectively. Approximately 48.86% of the assembled genome was suggested to be repeat elements, and 13,720 protein-coding genes were predicted in the current assembly. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that S. montelus diverged from the common ancestor of swallowtails about 58.57-80.46 million years ago. Compared with related species, S. montelus showed a significant expansion of P450 gene family members, and positive selections on eloa, heatr1, and aph1a resulted in the AA tolerance for S. montelus larva. The de novo assembly of a high-quality reference genome for S. montelus provided a fundamental genomic tool for future research on evolution, genome genetics, and toxicology of the swallowtail butterflies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Grandomics Biosciences Institute, Wuhan, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Qi Yang
- Grandomics Biosciences Institute, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Luan
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Leming Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Cancer Institute, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - José Arturo Molina-Mora
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
- *Correspondence: José Arturo Molina-Mora, ; Yuanting Zheng,
| | - Yuanting Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: José Arturo Molina-Mora, ; Yuanting Zheng,
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Chen YJ, Zhao J, Jiang JX, Wan NF. Transcriptome analysis revealed detoxification gene expression changes in Tetranychus cinnabarinus challenged with ethyl oleate. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2023; 89:61-84. [PMID: 36656389 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-022-00772-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Natural acaricides are potential biorational mite control alternatives to conventional chemical acaricides. However, little is known about the molecular mechanism of defense response to natural acaricides in mites. We previously reported significant acaricidal properties of ethyl oleate (EO) against Tetranychus cinnabarinus (here referred to as a sibling species of two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae), a highly polyphagous pest devastating crops in fields and greenhouses worldwide. In this study, we explored the molecular responses of T. cinnabarinus exposed to EO using RNA-Seq and differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis. A total of 131, 185, and 154 DEGs were identified in T. cinnabarinus after 1, 6, and 24 h of EO treatment. In addition, 36 putative detoxification-related DEGs, including 10 cytochrome P450s (P450s), three glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), nine UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs), eight esterases (ESTs), and six ATP-binding cassette transporters (ABC transporters), were identified. Interestingly, the upregulation of these detoxification-related genes might be the main defense response of T. cinnabarinus exposed to EO. A quantitative real-time PCR analysis indicated that the expression profiles of 19 random DEGs were consistent with the RNA-Seq results. These findings serve as valuable information for a better understanding of the acaricide-mite interaction and molecular mechanisms involved in the defense response of T. cinnabarinus against EO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Juan Chen
- Eco-environmental Protection Institute of Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Low-carbon Agriculture, 201403, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Shanghai Pudong New District Agro-Technology Extension Center, 66 Changxin East Road, 201201, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie-Xian Jiang
- Eco-environmental Protection Institute of Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Low-carbon Agriculture, 201403, Shanghai, China.
| | - Nian-Feng Wan
- Eco-environmental Protection Institute of Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Low-carbon Agriculture, 201403, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China.
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Lee SA, Kim V, Choi B, Lee H, Chun YJ, Cho KS, Kim D. Functional Characterization of Drosophila melanogaster CYP6A8 Fatty Acid Hydroxylase. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2023; 31:82-88. [PMID: 35934685 PMCID: PMC9810445 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2022.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic analysis indicated that the genome of Drosophila melanogaster contains more than 80 cytochrome P450 genes. To date, the enzymatic activity of these P450s has not been extensively studied. Here, the biochemical properties of CYP6A8 were characterized. CYP6A8 was cloned into the pCW vector, and its recombinant enzyme was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified using Ni2+-nitrilotriacetate affinity chromatography. Its expression level was approximately 130 nmol per liter of culture. Purified CYP6A8 exhibited a low-spin state in the absolute spectra of the ferric forms. Binding titration analysis indicated that lauric acid and capric acid produced type І spectral changes, with Kd values 28 ± 4 and 144 ± 20 μM, respectively. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis showed that the oxidation reaction of lauric acid produced (ω-1)-hydroxylated lauric acid as a major product and ω-hydroxy-lauric acid as a minor product. Steady-state kinetic analysis of lauric acid hydroxylation yielded a kcat value of 0.038 ± 0.002 min-1 and a Km value of 10 ± 2 μM. In addition, capric acid hydroxylation of CYP6A8 yielded kinetic parameters with a kcat value of 0.135 ± 0.007 min-1 and a Km value of 21 ± 4 μM. Because of the importance of various lipids as carbon sources, the metabolic analysis of fatty acids using CYP6A8 in this study can provide an understanding of the biochemical roles of P450 enzymes in many insects, including Drosophila melanogaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-A Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05025, Republic of Korea
| | - Vitchan Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05025, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoungyun Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05025, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyein Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jin Chun
- College of Pharmacy, Chung Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Sang Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05025, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghak Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05025, Republic of Korea,Corresponding Author E-mail: , Tel: +82-2-450-3366, Fax: +82-2-3436-5432
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Two P450 genes, CYP6SN3 and CYP306A1, involved in the growth and development of Chilo suppressalis and the lethal effect caused by vetiver grass. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 223:860-869. [PMID: 36372110 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Chilo suppressalis is a widely distributed pest occurring in nearly all paddy fields, which has developed high level resistance to different classes of insecticides. Vetiver grass has been identified as a dead-end trap plant for the alternative control of C. suppressalis. In this study, two cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (P450) genes, CsCYP6SN3 and CsCYP306A1, were identified and characterized, which are expressed at all developmental stages, with the highest expression in the midguts and fat bodies of 3rd instar larvae. Vetiver significantly inhibited the expression levels of CsCYP6SN3 and CsCYP306A1 in 3rd larvae after feeding. RNA interference showed that silencing CsCYP6SN3 and CsCYP306A1 genes dramatically reduced the pupation rate and pupa weight. Feeding on vetiver after silencing CsCYP6SN3 and CsCYP306A1 led to higher mortality compared with feeding on rice. In conclusion, these findings indicated that the expression levels of CsCYP6SN3 and CsCYP306A1 were associated with the lethal effect of vetiver against C. suppressalis larvae and functional knowledge about these two detoxification genes could provide new targets for agricultural pest control.
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58
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Studying Plant-Insect Interactions through the Analyses of the Diversity, Composition, and Functional Inference of Their Bacteriomes. Microorganisms 2022; 11:microorganisms11010040. [PMID: 36677331 PMCID: PMC9863603 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
As with many other trophic interactions, the interchange of microorganisms between plants and their herbivorous insects is unavoidable. To test the hypothesis that the composition and diversity of the insect bacteriome are driven by the bacteriome of the plant, the bacteriomes of both the plant Datura inoxia and its specialist insect Lema daturaphila were characterised using 16S sRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Specifically, the bacteriomes associated with seeds, leaves, eggs, guts, and frass were described and compared. Then, the functions of the most abundant bacterial lineages found in the samples were inferred. Finally, the patterns of co-abundance among both bacteriomes were determined following a multilayer network approach. In accordance with our hypothesis, most genera were shared between plants and insects, but their abundances differed significantly within the samples collected. In the insect tissues, the most abundant genera were Pseudomonas (24.64%) in the eggs, Serratia (88.46%) in the gut, and Pseudomonas (36.27%) in the frass. In contrast, the most abundant ones in the plant were Serratia (40%) in seeds, Serratia (67%) in foliar endophytes, and Hymenobacter (12.85%) in foliar epiphytes. Indeed, PERMANOVA analysis showed that the composition of the bacteriomes was clustered by sample type (F = 9.36, p < 0.001). Functional inferences relevant to the interaction showed that in the plant samples, the category of Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites was significantly abundant (1.4%). In turn, the category of Xenobiotics degradation and metabolism was significantly present (2.5%) in the insect samples. Finally, the phyla Proteobacteria and Actinobacteriota showed a pattern of co-abundance in the insect but not in the plant, suggesting that the co-abundance and not the presence−absence patterns might be more important when studying ecological interactions.
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Rodbell EA, Hendrick ML, Grettenberger IM, Wanner KW. Alfalfa Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Resistance to Lambda-cyhalothrin in the Western United States. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 115:2029-2040. [PMID: 36321530 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toac156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Forage alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. [Fabales: Fabaceae]) is a key agricultural commodity of the western region of the United States. The key insect pest of alfalfa, Hypera postica Gyllenhal (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), has developed resistance to the most common class of insecticide used to manage its damage. Alfalfa weevil samples from 71 commercial alfalfa fields located in Arizona, California, Montana, Oregon, Washington, and Wyoming were assayed for susceptibility to lambda-cyhalothrin during 2020-2022 using a laboratory concentration-response assay. Seventeen field sites representing all six states were highly resistant to lambda-cyhalothrin (resistance ratios > 79.6) and bioassay mortality often did not exceed 50% even at the highest concentration tested (3.30 µg/cm2 in 2020 and 10.00 µg/cm2 in 2021-2022). Field sites assayed with more than one pyrethroid active ingredient indicated likely cross-resistance between lambda-cyhalothrin and zeta-cypermethrin (type II pyrethroids) and variable and/or limited potential cross-resistance to permethrin (type I pyrethroid). Thirty-two field sites representing five states were susceptible to lambda-cyhalothrin (resistance ratios ranging from 1 to 20). While resistance is widespread, integrated resistance management strategies including rotating mode of action groups, applying chemical control tactics only when economic thresholds have been met, and utilizing cultural control tactics can be employed to slow the further development of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Rodbell
- Department of Plant Science and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, 119 Plant BioSciences, Bozeman, MT, 59717-3150, USA
| | - M L Hendrick
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California Davis, 367 Briggs Hall One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - I M Grettenberger
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California Davis, 367 Briggs Hall One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - K W Wanner
- Department of Plant Science and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, 119 Plant BioSciences, Bozeman, MT, 59717-3150, USA
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Zhang X, Shi Z, Yang CQ, Li J, Liu J, Zhang AB. Gut transcriptome analysis of P450 genes and cytochrome P450 reductase in three moth species feeding on gymnosperms or angiosperms. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.948043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 enzymes (P450s, CYPs) are a superfamily of heme–thiolate proteins involved in the metabolism of endogenous and exogenous substances in insects. In this study, the identification of putative P450 proteins was done and the elimination of the repeated sequences resulted in 57 proteins from Gastropacha populifolia, 63 proteins from Dendrolimus punctatus, and 53 proteins from Dendrolimus tabulaeformis. The putative P450 proteins were aligned together with seven other insect species based on five conserved domains. A total of ten co-orthologous groups were identified. Interestingly, one co-orthologous gene, CYP4g15 in CYP4 clan, was identified and its 3D structure analysis showed that the highly conserved sites of the predicted motifs were close to the active sites of P450. Furthermore, this study revealed that insect CYP4g15 and two bacteria cytochrome P450 were monophyletic. This suggests that insects CYP4g15 are not only functionally conserved but also an ancient gene originating from different bacteria species.
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Lv Y, Wen S, Ding Y, Gao X, Chen X, Yan K, Yang F, Pan Y, Shang Q. Functional Validation of the Roles of Cytochrome P450s in Tolerance to Thiamethoxam and Imidacloprid in a Field Population of Aphis gossypii. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:14339-14351. [PMID: 36165284 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c04867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Field populations of Aphis gossypii (SDR) have evolved high resistance to neonicotinoids, including thiamethoxam and imidacloprid. Synergism bioassays and transcriptomic comparison of the SDR and susceptible (SS) strains revealed that the cytochrome P450s may contribute to the neonicotinoid resistance evolution. The transcripts of some P450s were constitutively overexpressed in the SDR strain, and many genes showed expression plasticity under insecticide exposure. Drosophila that ectopically expressed CYPC6Y9, CYP4CK1, CYP6DB1, and CYP6CZ1 showed greater resistance (>8.0-fold) to thiamethoxam, and Drosophila that expressed CYPC6Y9, CYP6CY22, CYP6CY18, and CYP6D subfamily genes showed greater resistance (>5-fold) to imidacloprid. Five P450 genes that caused thiamethoxam resistance also conferred resistance to α-cypermethrin. Furthermore, the knockdown of CYP4CK1, CYP6CY9, CYP6CY18, CYPC6Y22, CYP6CZ1, and CYP6DB1 dramatically increased the sensitivity of the SDR strain to thiamethoxam or imidacloprid. These results indicate the involvement of multiple P450 genes, rather than one key gene, in neonicotinoid resistance in field populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuntong Lv
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, P.R. China
| | - Shuyun Wen
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, P.R. China
| | - Yaping Ding
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, P.R. China
| | - Xiwu Gao
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Xuewei Chen
- School of Agricultural Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P.R. China
| | - Kunpeng Yan
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, P.R. China
| | - Fengting Yang
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, P.R. China
| | - Yiou Pan
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, P.R. China
| | - Qingli Shang
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, P.R. China
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62
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Ghramh HA, Sadiq N, Naqqash MN, Abid AD, Shahzad S, Saeed S, Iqbal N, Khan KA. Transgenerational effects of lambda-cyhalothrin on Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae). Sci Rep 2022; 12:19228. [PMID: 36357409 PMCID: PMC9649667 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23492-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The hormetic effect may cause disease control measures to fail due to inadequate treatment of human disease vectors such as houseflies. Age-stage, two-sex life table is used for accurate estimation of the hermetic impacts on insects as it allows to study sub-lethal or transgenerational effects. Pyrethroids insecticides are primarily used for the management of houseflies. This study used lambda-cyhalothrin (a pyrethroid insecticide) to quantify its transgenerational impacts on houseflies. Life table parameters of a progeny of adult houseflies exposed to LC10, LC30, and LC50 of lambda-cyhalothrin were computed. Statistically higher fecundity (71.31 per female) was observed in control treatment, while it was the adults exposed to LC50 recorded the lowest progeny. Significantly higher values for intrinsic rate of growth (r), limiting rate of growth (λ), and net reproductive rate (Ro) (0.16, 1.16, and 31.38 per day, respectively) were recorded for the control treatment of the study. Contrarily, lower values for λ, Ro, and r were (0.10, 1.10, and 9.24 per day, respectively) were noted in the LC50 treatment. Decreased population parameters suggest that lambda-cyhalothrin can be successfully used in indoor environments to control houseflies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed A. Ghramh
- grid.412144.60000 0004 1790 7100Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P. O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413 Saudi Arabia ,grid.412144.60000 0004 1790 7100Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production, King Khalid University, P. O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413 Saudi Arabia ,grid.412144.60000 0004 1790 7100Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P. O. Box 9004, 61413 Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nauman Sadiq
- grid.512629.b0000 0004 5373 1288Institute of Plant Protection, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, 60000 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nadir Naqqash
- grid.512629.b0000 0004 5373 1288Institute of Plant Protection, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, 60000 Pakistan
| | - Allah Ditta Abid
- Department of Plant Protection, Ministry of National Food Security and Research, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sohail Shahzad
- Department of Plant Protection, Ministry of National Food Security and Research, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shafqat Saeed
- grid.512629.b0000 0004 5373 1288Institute of Plant Protection, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, 60000 Pakistan
| | - Naeem Iqbal
- grid.512629.b0000 0004 5373 1288Institute of Plant Protection, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, 60000 Pakistan
| | - Khalid Ali Khan
- grid.412144.60000 0004 1790 7100Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P. O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413 Saudi Arabia ,grid.412144.60000 0004 1790 7100Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production, King Khalid University, P. O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413 Saudi Arabia ,grid.412144.60000 0004 1790 7100Applied College, King Khalid University, P. O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413 Saudi Arabia
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Liu B, Chen H. Disruption of CYP6DF1 and CYP6DJ2 increases the susceptibility of Dendroctonus armandi to (+)-α-pinene. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:105270. [PMID: 36464375 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Bark beetles rely on detoxifying enzymes to resist the defensive oleoresin terpenes of the host tree. Insect cytochrome P450 (CYPs) plays a key role in the detoxification of plant allelochemicals and pesticides. CYP6 family is unique to Insecta, and its biochemical function is basically related to catabolize heterologous substances. In this study, two Dendroctonus armandi CYP6 genes, CYP6DF1 and CYP6DJ2, were characterized. Spatiotemporal expression profiling revealed that CYP6DF1 and CYP6DJ2 expressions were higher in larvae and adult stages of D. armandi than in egg and pupae stages, and that two genes predominantly expressed in brain, midgut, fat body, or Malpighian tubules. Moreover, CYP6DF1 and CYP6DJ2 expressions were significantly induced after exposure to (+)-α-pinene. Importantly, silencing CYP6DF1 and CYP6DJ2 significantly inhibited the CYP activity and increased the mortality in the adults fumigated with (+)-α-pinene. Additionally, piperonyl butoxide exposure to adults also increase the sensitivity after treatment with (+)-α-pinene, which led to a significant reduction of the CYP activity, resulting a significant increase in adult mortality. These results suggest that the CYP6 family plays a key role in determining the susceptibility of D. armandi to (+)-α-pinene, which may have implications for the development of novel therapeutics to control this important pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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64
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Zhao P, Xue H, Zhu X, Wang L, Zhang K, Li D, Ji J, Niu L, Gao X, Luo J, Cui J. Knockdown of cytochrome P450 gene CYP6AB12 based on nanomaterial technology reduces the detoxification ability of Spodoptera litura to gossypol. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:105284. [PMID: 36464384 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In insects, cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s or CYPs) play an important role in the detoxification and metabolism of exogenous plant allelochemicals. In this study, a P450 gene CYP6AB12 was identified and characterized from Spodoptera litura. The cDNA contains an open reading frame (ORF) encoding 511 amino acid residues. CYP6AB12 was expressed at different ages of S. litura, with the highest levels found in the third and fourth instar larvae. Its highest expression was found in the midgut and fat body of fourth instar larvae fed with gossypol. Moreover, these expression levels were substantially increased compared with those from larvae fed with control diet. Gene silencing was then conducted by smearing dsRNA mixed with nanomaterials onto the cuticle. CYP6AB12 expression was significantly decreased in the midgut and fat body, and the net weight increase was substantially lower than that of the control group, indicating that the treatment group had more sensitivity to gossypol than the control. These results reveal that CYP6AB12 plays an important role in the detoxification and metabolism of gossypol, thus further confirming that P450s have a broad ability to detoxify and metabolize plant allelochemicals. It provides an important molecular basis for the exploration of detoxification metabolism and pest control of S. litura.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hui Xue
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiangzhen Zhu
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China; State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
| | - Li Wang
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China; State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
| | - Kaixin Zhang
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China; State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
| | - Dongyang Li
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China; State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
| | - Jichao Ji
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China; State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
| | - Lin Niu
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China; State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
| | - Xueke Gao
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China; State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan, China.
| | - Junyu Luo
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China; State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan, China.
| | - Jinjie Cui
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China; State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan, China.
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65
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Chi S, Wang Y, Wang Z, Li H, Gu S, Ren Y. A chromosome-level genome of Semiothisa cinerearia provides insights into its genome evolution and control. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:718. [PMID: 36271350 PMCID: PMC9585740 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08949-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Semiothisa cinerearia belongs to Geometridae, which is one of the most species-rich families of lepidopteran insects. It is also one of the most economically significant pests of the Chinese scholar tree (Sophora japonica L.), which is an important urban greenbelt trees in China due to its high ornamental value. A genome assembly of S. cinerearia would facilitate study of the control and evolution of this species. RESULTS We present a reference genome for S. cinerearia; the size of the genome was ~ 580.89 Mb, and it contained 31 chromosomes. Approximately 43.52% of the sequences in the genome were repeat sequences, and 21,377 protein-coding genes were predicted. Some important gene families involved in the detoxification of pesticides (P450) have expanded in S. cinerearia. Cytochrome P450 gene family members play key roles in mediating relationships between plants and insects, and they are important in plant secondary metabolite detoxification and host-plant selection. Using comparative analysis methods, we find positively selected gene, Sox15 and TipE, which may play important roles during the larval-pupal metamorphosis development of S. cinerearia. CONCLUSION This assembly provides a new genomic resource that will aid future comparative genomic studies of Geometridae species and facilitate future evolutionary studies on the S. cinerearia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengqi Chi
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
| | - Yanchun Wang
- College of Science and Information, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Zhongkai Wang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Haorong Li
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Songdong Gu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Yandong Ren
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China.
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66
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Wang X, Tang T. Effects of Polystyrene Diet on the Growth and Development of Tenebrio molitor. TOXICS 2022; 10:608. [PMID: 36287887 PMCID: PMC9610515 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10100608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the role of Tenebrio molitor in degrading polystyrene foam through its gut microbes has become the focus of research. However, little literature has reported the effect of feeding on polystyrene foam on the growth and development of Tenebrio molitor. In this study, we investigated the impacts of different polystyrene by evaluating the vital signs of Tenebrio molitor fed in the intestines and excrement fluids using RNA-Seq t.echnology and then verifying the transcriptome sequencing findings using qRT-PCR technology. The average weight of Tenebrio molitor larvae in the wheat bran group increased significantly. Tenebrio molitor larvae in the PS group, on the other hand, didn't grow as much and had a much lower average weight than those in the wheat bran group. Compared to the bran group, the excrement of Tenebrio molitor fed only on polystyrene foam was flaky and coarse, increased nitrogen and phosphorus atomic concentration ratios by about 50%, decreased potassium atomic concentration ratios by 63%, with the enterocytes and circular muscle of Tenebrio molitor falling as well. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment indicated that the differential genes were mainly related to metabolic pathways. There was an agreement between qRT-PCR and RNA-Seq analyses for the growth and development genes chitinase, heat shock protein 70, and cytochrome P450. Only feeding polystyrene foam shall lead to the growth and development retardation of Tenebrio molitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosu Wang
- School of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Tianle Tang
- School of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
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Gao X, Zhu X, Wang C, Wang L, Zhang K, Li D, Ji J, Niu L, Luo J, Cui J. Silencing of Cytochrome P450 Gene AgoCYP6CY19 Reduces the Tolerance to Host Plant in Cotton- and Cucumber-Specialized Aphids, Aphis gossypii. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:12408-12417. [PMID: 36154024 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c05403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases play important roles in insect metabolism and detoxification of toxic plant substances. However, the function of CYP6 family genes in degrading plant toxicants in Aphis gossypii has yet to be elucidated. In this study, AgoCYP6CY19, an A. gossypii CYP gene that differentially expresses in cotton- and cucumber-specialized aphids, was characterized. Spatiotemporal expression profiling revealed that AgoCYP6CY19 expression was higher in second instar nymph and 7 day old adults than in other developmental stages. Although the expression of AgoCYP6CY19 was significantly higher in cotton-specialized aphids, AgoCYP6CY19 silencing significantly increased larval and adult mortality and reduced total fecundity in both cotton- and cucumber-specialized aphids. What is more, the expression of AgoCYP6CY19 was significantly induced after the cotton-specialized and cucumber-specialized aphids fed on epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and cucurbitacin B (CucB), respectively. These findings demonstrate that AgoCYP6CY19 plays a pivotal role in toxic plant substance detoxification and metabolism. Functional knowledge about plant toxicity tolerance genes in this major pest can provide new insights into insect detoxification of toxic plant substances and insecticides and offer new targets for agricultural pest control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueke Gao
- Zhengzhou Reseach Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
| | - Xiangzhen Zhu
- Zhengzhou Reseach Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
| | - Chuanpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
| | - Kaixin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
| | - Dongyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
| | - Jichao Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
| | - Lin Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
| | - Junyu Luo
- Zhengzhou Reseach Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
| | - Jinjie Cui
- Zhengzhou Reseach Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
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Niu L, Yan H, Sun Y, Zhang D, Ma W, Lin Y. Nanoparticle facilitated stacked-dsRNA improves suppression of the Lepidoperan pest Chilo suppresallis. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 187:105183. [PMID: 36127045 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, gene knockdown technology using double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) has been widely used as an environment-friendly pest control strategy, but its instability and limited cellular uptake have limited its overall effect. Studies have shown that the efficiency of single dsRNA can be improved by using various nanomaterials. However, the effect of stacked-dsRNA wrapped by nanomaterial on pests remains unclear. In the present study, both CYP15C1 and C-factor genes were cloned from the midgut of C. suppressalis, and the transcript of C-factor is most highly expressed in heads. Feeding a dsCYP15C1 or dsC-factor - nanomaterial mixture can downregulate the gene expression and significantly increase larval mortality. More importantly, feeding the stacked-dsRNA wrapped by nanomaterial can significantly increase the mortality of C. suppressalis, compared with feeding dsCYP15C1 or dsC-factor - nanomaterial mixture alone. These results showed that CYP15C1 and C-factor could be potential targets for an effective management of C. suppressalis, and we developed a nanoparticle-facilitated stacked-dsRNA strategy in the control of C. suppresallis. Our research provides a theoretical basis for gene function analysis and field pest control, and will promote the application of RNAi technology in the stacked style of pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Niu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Wuhan, China; State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Haixia Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Wuhan, China
| | - Yajie Sun
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Delin Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Wuhan, China
| | - Weihua Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Wuhan, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yongjun Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Wuhan, China
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Liu B, Fu D, Ning H, Tang M, Chen H. Knockdown of CYP6CR2 and CYP6DE5 reduces tolerance to host plant allelochemicals in the Chinese white pine beetle Dendroctonus armandi. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 187:105180. [PMID: 36127042 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bark beetles rely on detoxifying enzymes to resist the defensive terpenoids of the host tree. Insect cytochrome P450 (CYPs) plays a key role in the detoxification of pesticides and plant allelochemicals. CYP6 family is unique to Insecta, and its biochemical function is basically related to the metabolism of exogenous substances. In this study, we sequenced and characterized the full-length cDNAs of two CYP6 genes from Chinese white pine beetle, Dendroctonus armandi. Spatiotemporal expression profiling revealed that the expression of CYP6CR2 and CYP6DE5 was higher in larval and adult stages of D. armandi than that in other developmental stages, and that two genes predominantly expressed in brain, midgut, fat body, Malpighian tubules or hemolymph. The expression of CYP6CR2 and CYP6DE5 was significantly induced after feeding on the phloem of Pinus armandii and exposure to six stimuli [(±)- α -pinene, (-)-α-pinene, (-)-β-pinene, (+)-3-carene, (±)-limonene and turpentine]. Importantly, silencing CYP6CR2 and CYP6DE5 separately could increase the sensitivity, led to a significant reduction of the activity of P450, resulting a significant increase in adult mortality after treatment with terpenoids. The comprehensive results of this study showed that in the process of host selection and colonization, the functions of CYPs were mainly to hydrolyze the chemical defense of the host and degrade odor molecules. These findings may help to develop new treatments to control this important pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Danyang Fu
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Hang Ning
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Ming Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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70
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Shelomi M. Cytochrome P450 Genes Expressed in Phasmatodea Midguts. INSECTS 2022; 13:873. [PMID: 36292821 PMCID: PMC9603955 DOI: 10.3390/insects13100873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450s (CYPs) are xenobiotic detoxification genes found in most eukaryotes, and linked in insects to the tolerance of plant secondary chemicals and insecticide resistance. The number and diversity of CYP clans, families, and subfamilies that an organism produces could correlate with its dietary breadth or specialization. This study examined the CYP diversity expressed in the midguts of six species of folivorous stick insects (Phasmatodea), to identify their CYP complement and see if any CYPs correlate with diet toxicity or specialization, and see what factors influenced their evolution in this insect order. CYP genes were mined from six published Phasmatodea transcriptomes and analyzed phylogenetically. The Phasmatodea CYP complement resembles that of other insects, though with relatively low numbers, and with significant expansions in the CYP clades 6J1, 6A13/14, 4C1, and 15A1. The CYP6 group is known to be the dominant CYP family in insects, but most insects have no more than one CYP15 gene, so the function of the multiple CYP15A1 genes in Phasmatodea is unknown, with neofunctionalization following gene duplication hypothesized. No correlation was found between CYPs and diet specialization or toxicity, with some CYP clades expanding within the Phasmatodea and others likely inherited from a common ancestor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matan Shelomi
- Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan
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71
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Yang AJ, Yin NN, Chen DL, Guo YR, Zhao YJ, Liu NY. Identification and characterization of candidate detoxification genes in Pharsalia antennata Gahan (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Front Physiol 2022; 13:1015793. [PMID: 36187767 PMCID: PMC9523569 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1015793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The wood-boring beetles, including the majority of Cerambycidae, have developed the ability to metabolize a variety of toxic compounds derived from host plants and the surrounding environment. However, detoxification mechanisms underlying the evolutionary adaptation of a cerambycid beetle Pharsalia antennata to hosts and habitats are largely unexplored. Here, we characterized three key gene families in relation to detoxification (cytochrome P450 monooxygenases: P450s, carboxylesterases: COEs and glutathione-S-transferases: GSTs), by combinations of transcriptomics, gene identification, phylogenetics and expression profiles. Illumina sequencing generated 668,701,566 filtered reads in 12 tissues of P. antennata, summing to 100.28 gigabases data. From the transcriptome, 215 genes encoding 106 P450s, 77 COEs and 32 GSTs were identified, of which 107 relatives were differentially expressed genes. Of the identified 215 genes, a number of relatives showed the orthology to those in Anoplophora glabripennis, revealing 1:1 relationships in 94 phylogenetic clades. In the trees, P. antennata detoxification genes mainly clustered into one or two subfamilies, including 64 P450s in the CYP3 clan, 33 COEs in clade A, and 20 GSTs in Delta and Epsilon subclasses. Combining transcriptomic data and PCR approaches, the numbers of detoxification genes expressed in abdomens, antennae and legs were 188, 148 and 141, respectively. Notably, some genes exhibited significantly sex-biased levels in antennae or legs of both sexes. The findings provide valuable reference resources for further exploring xenobiotics metabolism and odorant detection in P. antennata.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Jin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control of Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Ning-Na Yin
- Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control of Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Dan-Lu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control of Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Yu-Ruo Guo
- Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control of Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Yu-Jie Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control of Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Nai-Yong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control of Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Nai-Yong Liu,
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Antonelli P, Duval P, Luis P, Minard G, Valiente Moro C. Reciprocal interactions between anthropogenic stressors and insect microbiota. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:64469-64488. [PMID: 35864395 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21857-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Insects play many important roles in nature due to their diversity, ecological role, and impact on agriculture or human health. They are directly influenced by environmental changes and in particular anthropic activities that constitute an important driver of change in the environmental characteristics. Insects face numerous anthropogenic stressors and have evolved various detoxication mechanisms to survive and/or resist to these compounds. Recent studies highligted the pressure exerted by xenobiotics on insect life-cycle and the important role of insect-associated bacterial microbiota in the insect responses to environmental changes. Stressor exposure can have various impacts on the composition and structure of insect microbiota that in turn may influence insect biology. Moreover, bacterial communities associated with insects can be directly or indirectly involved in detoxification processes with the selection of certain microorganisms capable of degrading xenobiotics. Further studies are needed to assess the role of insect-associated microbiota as key contributor to the xenobiotic metabolism and thus as a driver for insect adaptation to polluted habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Antonelli
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecologie Microbienne, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Pénélope Duval
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecologie Microbienne, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Patricia Luis
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecologie Microbienne, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Guillaume Minard
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecologie Microbienne, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Claire Valiente Moro
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecologie Microbienne, 69622, Villeurbanne, France.
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73
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Elhawary NA, Soliman MA, Seif AI, Meshrif WS. Fitness cost of malathion resistance in Egyptian Culex pipiens populations. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 36:338-346. [PMID: 35357023 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The extensive use of insecticides in agriculture and public health has resulted in the rapid development of insecticide resistance in mosquito populations. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to evaluate insecticide resistance costs on the fitness of Culex pipiens. Two Cx. pipiens field populations (Beheira malathion-resistant and Gharbia malathion-susceptible) were compared to the reference (sensitive) population. The biochemical composition and expression of four genes relevant to insecticide resistance were estimated in third instar larvae. Adult survival, female fecundity and egg hatchability were also determined. As per our findings, it was found that the total protein and carbohydrate contents in Beheira malathion-resistant larvae were significantly lower than that in the reference larvae. Beheira malathion-resistant larvae had higher phenoloxidase (PO) specific activity than the reference population. In terms of the relevant genes, only cytochrome P450 (CYP6F1) expression showed elevated levels in the Gharbia malathion-susceptible population compared to the Beheira malathion-resistant population. In esterases (Estα and Estβ) and glutathione S-transferase, the tested populations did not show any significant differences. Compared to the reference mosquito population, Gharbia malathion-susceptible Cx. pipiens males exhibited significantly longer median survival. Female fecundity and hatchability showed nonsignificant differences among the populations tested. In conclusion, malathion resistance can induce lower protein and carbohydrate contents, but higher PO activity in larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noura A Elhawary
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Soliman
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Amal I Seif
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Wesam S Meshrif
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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74
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Melo de Almeida E, Tisserand F, Faria M, Chèvre N. Efficiency of Several Cytochrome P450 Biomarkers in Highlighting the Exposure of Daphnia magna to an Organophosphate Pesticide. TOXICS 2022; 10:482. [PMID: 36006161 PMCID: PMC9416226 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10080482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The cytochromes P450 (CYP450) represent a major enzyme family operating mostly in the first step of xenobiotic detoxification in aquatic organisms. The ability to measure these CYP450 enzymes' activities provides a crucial tool to understand organisms' response to chemical stressors. However, research on CYP450 activity measurement is still limited and has had variable success. In the present study, we optimize, compile, and compare existing scientific information and techniques for a series of CYP450 biomarkers (EROD, MROD, ECOD, APND, and ERND) used on Daphnia magna. Additionally, we explored these CYP450 biomarkers' activities through the first 5 days of life of daphnids, providing a link between their age and sensitivity to chemicals. In the experiment, daphnids were exposed to an organophosphate pesticide (diazinon) from birth to measure the molecular response of the detoxification process. Our results suggest EROD as the most applicable biomarker for organisms such as D. magna, with a higher organophosphate detoxification rate in daphnids that are 2 and 5 days old. Additionally, a larger body size allowed a more accurate EROD measurement; hence, we emphasize the use of 5-day-old daphnids when analyzing their detoxification response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Melo de Almeida
- IDYST, Faculty of Geosciences and Environments, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Floriane Tisserand
- IDYST, Faculty of Geosciences and Environments, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Micaela Faria
- IDYST, Faculty of Geosciences and Environments, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Chèvre
- IDYST, Faculty of Geosciences and Environments, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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75
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Qiao JW, Fan YL, Wu BJ, Bai TT, Wang YH, Zhang ZF, Wang D, Liu TX. Downregulation of NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase via RNA interference increases the susceptibility of Acyrthosiphon pisum to desiccation and insecticides. INSECT SCIENCE 2022; 29:1105-1119. [PMID: 34723412 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) is involved in the metabolism of endogenous and exogenous substances, and detoxification of insecticides. RNA interference (RNAi) of CPR in certain insects causes developmental defects and enhanced susceptibility to insecticides. However, the CPR of Acyrthosiphon pisum has not been characterized, and its function is still not understood. In this study, we investigated the biochemical functions of A. pisum CPR (ApCPR). ApCPR was found to be transcribed in all developmental stages and was abundant in the embryo stage, and in the gut, head, and abdominal cuticle. After optimizing the dose and silencing duration of RNAi for downregulating ApCPR, we found that ApCPR suppression resulted in a significant decrease in the production of cuticular and internal hydrocarbon contents, and of cuticular waxy coatings. Deficiency in cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) decreased the survival rate of A. pisum under desiccation stress and increased its susceptibility to contact insecticides. Moreover, desiccation stress induced a significant increase in ApCPR mRNA levels. We further confirmed that ApCPR participates in CHC production. These results indicate that ApCPR modulates CHC production, desiccation tolerance, and insecticide susceptibility in A. pisum, and presents a novel target for pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Wen Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yong-Liang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Bing-Jin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Tian-Tian Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ying-Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhan-Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Dun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Tong-Xian Liu
- Key Lab of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
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76
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Chen C, Wang C, Liu Y, Shan T, Shi X, Gao X. Integration analysis of PacBio SMRT- and Illumina RNA-seq reveals P450 genes involved in thiamethoxam detoxification in Bradysia odoriphaga. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 186:105176. [PMID: 35973766 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The sciarid fly Bradysia odoriphaga is a serious pest of Chinese chive (Liliaceae). Neonicotinoid insecticides including thiamethoxam have been used for B. odoriphaga control. However, thiamethoxam resistance in B. odoriphaga has developed in recent years. To identify potential genes involved in detoxification metabolism of thiamethoxam in B. odoriphaga, a PacBio single-molecule real-time (SMRT) transcriptome sequencing and Illumina RNA-seq analysis on thiamethoxam treated B. odoriphaga were performed to explore differentially expressed genes in B. odoriphaga. After SMRT sequencing, analysis of Illumina RNA-Seq data showed a total of 172 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) after thiamethoxam treatment, among which eight upregulated DEGs were P450 genes that may be related to thiamethoxam metabolism. The qRT-PCR results of the eight up-regulated P450 unigenes after thiamethoxam treatment were consistent with RNA-Seq data. Furthermore, oral delivery mediated RNA interference of the eight upregulated P450 transcripts followed by insecticide bioassay was conducted, and three P450 unigenes were verified to be related to thiamethoxam detoxification in B. odoriphaga. This study provides new information about the P450 genes involved in thiamethoxam detoxification in B. odoriphaga.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyu Chen
- Huaiyin Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Xuhuai Region in Jiangsu, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Huai'an, Jiangsu Province 223001, China; Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Cuicui Wang
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Agricultural Transboundary Pests of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Tisheng Shan
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xueyan Shi
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xiwu Gao
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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77
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De Panis D, Dopazo H, Bongcam-Rudloff E, Conesa A, Hasson E. Transcriptional responses are oriented towards different components of the rearing environment in two Drosophila sibling species. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:515. [PMID: 35840900 PMCID: PMC9288027 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08745-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The chance to compare patterns of differential gene expression in related ecologically distinct species can be particularly fruitful to investigate the genetics of adaptation and phenotypic plasticity. In this regard, a powerful technique such as RNA-Seq applied to ecologically amenable taxa allows to address issues that are not possible in classic model species. Here, we study gene expression profiles and larval performance of the cactophilic siblings Drosophila buzzatii and D. koepferae reared in media that approximate natural conditions and evaluate both chemical and nutritional components of the diet. These closely related species are complementary in terms of host-plant use since the primary host of one is the secondary of the other. D. koepferae is mainly a columnar cactus dweller while D. buzzatii prefers Opuntia hosts. Results Our comparative study shows that D. buzzatii and D. koepferae have different transcriptional strategies to face the challenges posed by their natural resources. The former has greater transcriptional plasticity, and its response is mainly modulated by alkaloids of its secondary host, while the latter has a more canalized genetic response, and its transcriptional plasticity is associated with the cactus species. Conclusions Our study unveils a complex pleiotropic genetic landscape in both species, with functional links that relate detox responses and redox mechanisms with developmental and neurobiological processes. These results contribute to deepen our understanding of the role of host plant shifts and natural stress driving ecological specialization. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08745-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- D De Panis
- Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - H Dopazo
- Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - E Bongcam-Rudloff
- SLU-Global Bioinformatics Centre, Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - A Conesa
- Microbiology and Cell Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - E Hasson
- Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina. .,Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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78
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Yuan H, Gao B, Wu C, Zhang L, Li H, Xiao Y, Wu K. Genome of the hoverfly Eupeodes corollae provides insights into the evolution of predation and pollination in insects. BMC Biol 2022; 20:157. [PMID: 35794591 PMCID: PMC9261035 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01356-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) including Eupeodes corollae are important insects worldwide that provide dual ecosystem services including pest control and pollination. The larvae are dominant predators of aphids and can be used as biological control agents, and the adults are efficient pollinators. The different feeding habits of larvae and adults make hoverflies a valuable genetic resource for understanding the mechanisms underlying the evolution and adaptation to predation and pollination in insects. Results Here, we present a 595-Mb high-quality reference genome of the hoverfly E. corollae, which is typical of an aphid predator and a pollinator. Comparative genomic analyses of E. corollae and Coccinellidae (ladybugs, aphid predators) shed light on takeout genes (3), which are involved in circadian rhythms and feeding behavior and might regulate the feeding behavior of E. corollae in a circadian manner. Genes for sugar symporter (12) and lipid transport (7) related to energy production in E. corollae had homologs in pollinator honeybees and were absent in predatory ladybugs. A number of classical cytochrome P450 detoxification genes, mainly CYP6 subfamily members, were greatly expanded in E. corollae. Notably, comparative genomic analyses of E. corollae and other aphidophagous hoverflies highlighted three homologous trypsins (Ecor12299, Ecor12301, Ecor2966). Transcriptome analysis showed that nine trypsins, including Ecor12299, Ecor12301, and Ecor2966, are strongly expressed at the larval stage, and 10 opsin genes, which are involved in visual perception, are significantly upregulated at the adult stage of E. corollae. Conclusions The high-quality genome assembly provided new insights into the genetic basis of predation and pollination by E. corollae and is a valuable resource for advancing studies on genetic adaptations and evolution of hoverflies and other natural enemies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-022-01356-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bojia Gao
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yutao Xiao
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Kongming Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
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79
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Ahmed U, Ho KY, Simon SE, Saad SM, Ong SK, Anwar A, Tan KO, Sridewi N, Khan KM, Khan NA, Anwar A. Potential anti-acanthamoebic effects through inhibition of CYP51 by novel quinazolinones. Acta Trop 2022; 231:106440. [PMID: 35378058 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Acanthamoeba spp. are free living amoebae which can give rise to Acanthamoeba keratitis and granulomatous amoebic encephalitis. The surface of Acanthamoeba contains ergosterol which is an important target for drug development against eukaryotic microorganisms. A library of ten functionally diverse quinazolinone derivatives (Q1-Q10) were synthesised to assess their activity against Acanthamoeba castellanii T4. The in-vitro effectiveness of these quinazolinones were investigated against Acanthamoeba castellanii by amoebicidal, excystation, host cell cytopathogenicity, and NADPH-cytochrome c reductase assays. Furthermore, wound healing capability was assessed at different time durations. Maximum inhibition at 50 μg/mL was recorded for compounds Q5, Q6 and Q8, while the compound Q3 did not exhibit amoebicidal effects at tested concentrations. Moreover, LDH assay was conducted to assess the cytotoxicity of quinazolinones against HaCaT cell line. The results of wound healing assay revealed that all compounds are not cytotoxic and are likely to promote wound healing at 10 μg/mL. The excystation assays revealed that these compounds significantly inhibit the morphological transformation of A. castellanii. Compound Q3, Q7 and Q8 elevated the level of NADPH-cytochrome c reductase up to five folds. Sterol 14alpha-demethylase (CYP51) a reference enzyme in ergosterol pathway was used as a potential target for anti-amoebic drugs. In this study using i-Tasser, the protein structure of Acanthamoeba castellanii (AcCYP51) was developed in comparison with Naegleria fowleri protein (NfCYP51) structure. The sequence alignment of both proteins has shown 42.72% identity. Compounds Q1-Q10 were then molecularly docked with the predicted AcCYP51. Out of ten quinazolinones, three compounds (Q3, Q7 and Q8) showed good binding activity within 3 Å of TYR 114. The in-silico study confirmed that these compounds are the inhibitor of CYP51 target site. This report presents several potential lead compounds belonging to quinazolinone derivatives for drug discovery against Acanthamoeba infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Ahmed
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Keat-Yie Ho
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Samson Eugin Simon
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Seng-Kai Ong
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Areeba Anwar
- Faculty of Defence Science and Technology, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kuan Onn Tan
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nanthini Sridewi
- Faculty of Defence Science and Technology, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Khalid Mohammed Khan
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naveed Ahmed Khan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, University City, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ayaz Anwar
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
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80
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Rix RR, Cutler GC. Review of molecular and biochemical responses during stress induced stimulation and hormesis in insects. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 827:154085. [PMID: 35218848 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The biphasic hormetic response to stress, defined by low-dose stimulation and high-dose inhibition is frequently observed in insects. Various molecular and biochemical responses associated with hormesis in insects have been reported in many studies, but no synthesis of all these findings has been undertaken. We conducted a systematic literature review, analyzing papers demonstrating phenotypic stimulatory effect(s) following exposure to stress where molecular or biochemical response(s) were also examined. Responses observed included stimulation of reproduction, survival and longevity, growth and development, and tolerance to temperature, chemical, or starvation and desiccation, in response to stressors including pesticides, oxidative stress, temperature, crowding and starvation, and radiation. Phenotypic stimulation ranged from <25% increased above controls to >100%. Reproductive stimulation was frequently <25% increased above controls, while stimulated temperature tolerance was frequently >100% increased. Molecular and biochemical responses had obvious direct connections to phenotypic responses in many cases, although not in all instances. Increased expression of heat shock proteins occurred in association with stimulated temperature tolerance, and increased expression of detoxification genes with stimulated pesticide or chemical tolerance, but also stimulated reproduction. Changes in the expression or activity of antioxidants were frequently associated with stimulation of longevity and reproduction. Stress induced changes in vitellogenin and juvenile hormone and genes in the IIS/TOR signalling pathway - which are directly responsible for regulating growth, development, and reproduction - were also reported. Our analysis showed that coordination of expression of genes or proteins associated with protection from oxidative stress and DNA and protein damage is important in the hormetic responses of insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel R Rix
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, PO Box 550, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada.
| | - G Christopher Cutler
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, PO Box 550, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada.
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81
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Gao S, Liu K, Liu H, Yin S, Guo X, Zhang Y, Zhang K, Li R. Functional analysis of a cytochrome P450 gene CYP9Z6 responding to terpinen-4-ol in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 183:105065. [PMID: 35430067 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tribolium castaneum is an agricultural and stored pest found throughout the world. The cytochrome P450 genes of T. castaneum can encode various detoxification enzymes and catabolize heterologous substances, conferring tolerance to insecticides. Herein, we describe the identification of a P450 gene (CYP9Z6) from T. castaneum and investigated its expression profile and potential role in the detoxification of terpinen-4-ol. TcCYP9Z6 expression was significantly induced after exposure to terpinen-4-ol, and RNA-mediated silencing of TcCYP9Z6 increased terpinen-4-ol-induced larval mortality from 47.75% to 63.92%, showing that TcCYP9Z6 is closely related to the detoxification of terpinen-4-ol. The developmental expression profile revealed that TcCYP9Z6 was mainly expressed in late adults and late larvae. Tissue expression profiling revealed that the highest TcCYP9Z6 expression occurred in the head, in both the adult and the larval tissues, followed by the gut in larvae and the antennae in adults. These developmental stages and tissues with high TcCYP9Z6 expression are closely related to the detoxification of heterologous substances. These results indicated that TcCYP9Z6 may play a pivotal role in the detoxification of terpinen-4-ol, which provides support for using TcCYP9Z6 a potential gene for the RNAi-mediated prevention and control of T. castaneum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Gao
- Department of Food and Bioengineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Kui Liu
- Department of Food and Bioengineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Food and Bioengineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Se Yin
- Department of Food and Bioengineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Xinlong Guo
- Department of Food and Bioengineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Yonglei Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Kunpeng Zhang
- Department of Food and Bioengineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan 455000, China.
| | - Ruimin Li
- Department of Food and Bioengineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan 455000, China.
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82
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Li H, Xia X, He X, Li S, Dai L, Ye J, Hao D. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Molecular Insights in Overwintering Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2022; 22:8. [PMID: 35560005 PMCID: PMC9105011 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieac025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Monochamus alternatus, the dominant vector of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Aphelenchida: Aphelenchoididae), has caused immense damage to forest resources. In China, this vector was native to the southern regions but has spread northward recently. To adapt to more challenging environments in the northern winter, M. alternatus has evolved an intricate strategy for overwintering, which remains largely unknown. Herein, we compared the transcriptome data of the overwintering and non-overwintering larvae of M. alternatus larvae to investigate the molecular mechanisms in overwintering. A total of 53.10 GB clean bases and 28, 245 unigenes were obtained by RNA-seq. Analysis of 2597 upregulated and 2429 downregulated unigenes, as well as the enrichment of DEGs showed that many genes and pathways were jointly involved in the overwintering period. Besides, the accuracy of the RNA-seq data was tested by using qPCR experiment involving 13 selected genes. The results revealed that the overwintering process relied largely on the energy allocation trade-off. Specifically, overwintering M. alternatus inhibited energy-intensive activities, such as growth and molting, detoxification, and trehalose transport, and the reserved energy was skewed towards the synthesis of antifreeze compounds and immune response to cope with the deleterious effects of winter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaohong Xia
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuanyu He
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shouyin Li
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lulu Dai
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianren Ye
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dejun Hao
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
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Sontowski R, Guyomar C, Poeschl Y, Weinhold A, van Dam NM, Vassão DG. Mechanisms of Isothiocyanate Detoxification in Larvae of Two Belowground Herbivores, Delia radicum and D. floralis (Diptera: Anthomyiidae). Front Physiol 2022; 13:874527. [PMID: 35574438 PMCID: PMC9098826 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.874527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Like aboveground herbivores, belowground herbivores are confronted with multiple plant defense mechanisms including complex chemical cocktails in plant tissue. Roots and shoots of Brassicaceae plants contain the two-component glucosinolate (GSL)-myrosinase defense system. Upon cell damage, for example by herbivore feeding, toxic and pungent isothiocyanates (ITCs) can be formed. Several aboveground-feeding herbivores have developed biochemical adaptation strategies to overcome the GSL-ITC defenses of their host plant. Whether belowground herbivores feeding on Brassica roots possess similar mechanisms has received little attention. Here, we analyze how two related belowground specialist herbivores detoxify the GSL-ITC defenses of their host plants. The larvae of the fly species Delia radicum and D. floralis are common pests and specialized herbivores on the roots of Brassicaceae. We used chemical analyses (HPLC-MS/MS and HPLC-UV) to examine how the GSL-ITC defense system is metabolized by these congeneric larvae. In addition, we screened for candidate genes involved in the detoxification process using RNAseq and qPCR. The chemical analyses yielded glutathione conjugates and amines. This indicates that both species detoxify ITCs using potentially the general mercapturic acid pathway, which is also found in aboveground herbivores, and an ITC-specific hydrolytic pathway previously characterized in microbes. Performance assays confirmed that ITCs negatively affect the survival of both species, in spite of their known specialization to ITC-producing plants and tissues, whereas ITC breakdown products are less toxic. Interestingly, the RNAseq analyses showed that the two congeneric species activate different sets of genes upon ITC exposure, which was supported by qPCR data. Based on our findings, we conclude that these specialist larvae use combinations of general and compound-specific detoxification mechanisms with differing efficacies and substrate preferences. This indicates that combining detoxification mechanisms can be an evolutionarily successful strategy to handle plant defenses in herbivores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekka Sontowski
- Molecular Interaction Ecology, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
- *Correspondence: Rebekka Sontowski, ; Daniel G. Vassão,
| | - Cervin Guyomar
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Castanet Tolosan, France
- Bioinformatics Unit, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yvonne Poeschl
- Molecular Interaction Ecology, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
- Bioinformatics Unit, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Computer Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Alexander Weinhold
- Molecular Interaction Ecology, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Nicole M. van Dam
- Molecular Interaction Ecology, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Daniel G. Vassão
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
- *Correspondence: Rebekka Sontowski, ; Daniel G. Vassão,
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84
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Zhang Y, Gao S, Zhang P, Sun H, Lu R, Yu R, Li Y, Zhang K, Li B. Response of xenobiotic biodegradation and metabolic genes in Tribolium castaneum following eugenol exposure. Mol Genet Genomics 2022; 297:801-815. [PMID: 35419714 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-022-01890-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Eugenol, a plant-derived component possessing small side effects, has an insecticidal activity to Tribolium castaneum; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms of eugenol acting on T. castaneum are currently unclear. Here, a nerve conduction carboxylesterase and a detoxifying glutathione S-transferase were significantly inhibited after eugenol exposure, resulting in the paralysis or death of beetles. Then, RNA-sequencing of eugenol-exposed and control samples identified 362 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), containing 206 up-regulated and 156 down-regulated genes. RNA-seq data were validated further by qRT-PCR. GO analysis revealed that DEGs were associated with 1308 GO terms of which the most enriched GO terms were catalytic activity, and integral component of membrane; KEGG pathway analysis showed that these DEGs were distributed in 151 different pathways, of which some pathways associated with metabolism of xenobiotics or drug were significantly enriched, which indicated that eugenol most likely disturbed the processes of metabolism, and detoxication. Moreover, several DEGs including Hexokinase type 2, Isocitrate dehydrogenase, and Cytochrome b-related protein, might participate in the respiratory metabolism of eugenol-exposed beetles. Some DEGs encoding CYP, UGT, GST, OBP, CSP, and ABC transporter were involved in the xenobiotic or drug metabolism pathway, which suggested that these genes of T. castaneum participated in the response to eugenol exposure. Additionally, TcOBPC11/ TcGSTs7, detected by qRT-PCR and RNA-interference against these genes, significantly increased the mortality of eugenol-treated T. castaneum, providing further evidence for the involvement of OBP/GST in eugenol metabolic detoxification in T. castaneum. These results aid eugenol insecticidal mechanisms and provide the basis of insect control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonglei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Shanshan Gao
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Haidi Sun
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Ruixue Lu
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Runnan Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yanxiao Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Kunpeng Zhang
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, 455000, China.
| | - Bin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Han H, Yang Y, Hu J, Wang Y, Zhao Z, Ma R, Gao L, Guo Y. Identification and Characterization of CYP6 Family Genes from the Oriental Fruit Moth (Grapholita molesta) and Their Responses to Insecticides. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13030300. [PMID: 35323597 PMCID: PMC8953268 DOI: 10.3390/insects13030300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Eight CYP6 family genes were identified in Grapholita molesta (Busck). The expression of individual gene members differed between the developmental stages and insect tissues. High expression was found in third/fourth-instar larvae and in the midgut and Malpighian tubules. The response patterns of the genes exhibited diverse response patterns to the three representative insecticides were diverse. Abstract Cytochrome P450 (CYP) monooxygenases comprise a superfamily of proteins that detoxify xenobiotics and plant secondary metabolites in insects. The CYP6 family is unique to the class Insecta, and its members participate in the metabolism of exogenous substances. In this study, we sequenced and characterized the full-length cDNAs of eight CYP6 family genes from Grapholita molesta (Busck), a global pest of pome fruits. P450 genes with the exception of CYP6AN35, which was most highly expressed in adults, consistently showed high expression in third- or fourth-instar larvae. The analysis of different tissues of adults showed that most of these genes were predominantly expressed in the midgut, Malpighian tubules, and/or fat body. The expression of these eight CYP6 genes was differentially affected by three representative insecticides: malathion (organophosphate), deltamethrin (pyrethroid), and chlorantraniliprole (carbamate). All eight CYP6 genes responded to malathion treatment. Only three CYP6 genes were highly expressed in deltamethrin-treated individuals. Chlorantraniliprole treatment exerted weak effects on gene expression. Interestingly, CYP6AN35 was a highly expression level in the adult head and its expression was induced by all three insecticides. CYP6AN35 may be a key gene in the metabolism of insecticides. This study provides a fundamental understanding of the functions of the CYP6 gene family in insecticide metabolism in G. molesta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Han
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (H.H.); (Y.Y.); (J.H.); (Y.W.); (Z.Z.); (R.M.)
| | - Yanyu Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (H.H.); (Y.Y.); (J.H.); (Y.W.); (Z.Z.); (R.M.)
| | - Jun Hu
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (H.H.); (Y.Y.); (J.H.); (Y.W.); (Z.Z.); (R.M.)
| | - Yuanxin Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (H.H.); (Y.Y.); (J.H.); (Y.W.); (Z.Z.); (R.M.)
| | - Zhiguo Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (H.H.); (Y.Y.); (J.H.); (Y.W.); (Z.Z.); (R.M.)
| | - Ruiyan Ma
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (H.H.); (Y.Y.); (J.H.); (Y.W.); (Z.Z.); (R.M.)
| | - Lingling Gao
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, Private Bag 5, Wembley, Perth, WA 6913, Australia
- Correspondence: (L.G.); (Y.G.)
| | - Yanqiong Guo
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (H.H.); (Y.Y.); (J.H.); (Y.W.); (Z.Z.); (R.M.)
- Correspondence: (L.G.); (Y.G.)
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Nolden M, Brockmann A, Ebbinghaus-Kintscher U, Brueggen KU, Horstmann S, Paine MJI, Nauen R. Towards understanding transfluthrin efficacy in a pyrethroid-resistant strain of the malaria vector Anopheles funestus with special reference to cytochrome P450-mediated detoxification. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PARASITOLOGY & VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES 2022; 1:100041. [PMID: 35284893 PMCID: PMC8906121 DOI: 10.1016/j.crpvbd.2021.100041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Malaria vector control interventions rely heavily on the application of insecticides against anopheline mosquitoes, in particular the fast-acting pyrethroids that target insect voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSC). Frequent applications of pyrethroids have resulted in resistance development in the major malaria vectors including Anopheles funestus, where resistance is primarily metabolic and driven by the overexpression of microsomal cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s). Here we examined the pattern of cross-resistance of the pyrethroid-resistant An. funestus strain FUMOZ-R towards transfluthrin and multi-halogenated benzyl derivatives, permethrin, cypermethrin and deltamethrin in comparison to the susceptible reference strain FANG. Transfluthrin and two multi-fluorinated derivatives exhibited micromolar potency - comparable to permethrin - to functionally expressed dipteran VGSC in a cell-based cation influx assay. The activity of transfluthrin and its derivatives on VGSC was strongly correlated with their contact efficacy against strain FUMOZ-R, although no such correlation was obtained for the other pyrethroids due to their rapid detoxification by the resistant strain. The low resistance levels for transfluthrin and derivatives in strain FUMOZ-R were only weakly synergized by known P450 inhibitors such as piperonyl butoxide (PBO), triflumizole and 1-aminobenzotriazole (1-ABT). In contrast, deltamethrin toxicity in FUMOZ-R was synergized > 100-fold by all three P450 inhibitors. The biochemical profiling of a range of fluorescent resorufin and coumarin compounds against FANG and FUMOZ-R microsomes identified 7-benzyloxymethoxy-4-trifluoromethylcoumarin (BOMFC) as a highly sensitive probe substrate for P450 activity. BOMFC was used to develop a fluorescence-based high-throughput screening assay to measure the P450 inhibitory action of potential synergists. Azole fungicides prochloraz and triflumizole were identified as extremely potent nanomolar inhibitors of microsomal P450s, strongly synergizing deltamethrin toxicity in An. funestus. Overall, the present study contributed to the understanding of transfluthrin efficacy at the molecular and organismal level and identified azole compounds with potential to synergize pyrethroid efficacy in malaria vectors. Transfluthrin and derivatives lack cross-resistance in resistant Anopheles funestus. Pyrethroid resistance in An. funestus is strongly synergized by azole fungicides. BOMFC is a highly active fluorescent probe substrate for microsomal cytochrome P450 monooxygenases in An. funestus. Azole fungicides are nanomolar inhibitors of microsomal cytochrome P450 monooxygenases in An. funestus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Nolden
- Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Alfred Nobel Str. 50, D-40789, Monheim am Rhein, Germany.,Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Brockmann
- Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Alfred Nobel Str. 50, D-40789, Monheim am Rhein, Germany.,Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, D-53113, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Kai-Uwe Brueggen
- Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Alfred Nobel Str. 50, D-40789, Monheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Sebastian Horstmann
- Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Alfred Nobel Str. 50, D-40789, Monheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Mark J I Paine
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, United Kingdom
| | - Ralf Nauen
- Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Alfred Nobel Str. 50, D-40789, Monheim am Rhein, Germany
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Bailey E, Field L, Rawlings C, King R, Mohareb F, Pak KH, Hughes D, Williamson M, Ganko E, Buer B, Nauen R. A near-chromosome level genome assembly of the European hoverfly, Sphaerophoria rueppellii (Diptera: Syrphidae), provides comparative insights into insecticide resistance-related gene family evolution. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:198. [PMID: 35279098 PMCID: PMC8917705 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08436-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sphaerophoria rueppellii, a European species of hoverfly, is a highly effective beneficial predator of hemipteran crop pests including aphids, thrips and coleopteran/lepidopteran larvae in integrated pest management (IPM) programmes. It is also a key pollinator of a wide variety of important agricultural crops. No genomic information is currently available for S. rueppellii. Without genomic information for such beneficial predator species, we are unable to perform comparative analyses of insecticide target-sites and genes encoding metabolic enzymes potentially responsible for insecticide resistance, between crop pests and their predators. These metabolic mechanisms include several gene families - cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s), ATP binding cassette transporters (ABCs), glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs), UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) and carboxyl/choline esterases (CCEs). METHODS AND FINDINGS In this study, a high-quality near-chromosome level de novo genome assembly (as well as a mitochondrial genome assembly) for S. rueppellii has been generated using a hybrid approach with PacBio long-read and Illumina short-read data, followed by super scaffolding using Hi-C data. The final assembly achieved a scaffold N50 of 87Mb, a total genome size of 537.6Mb and a level of completeness of 96% using a set of 1,658 core insect genes present as full-length genes. The assembly was annotated with 14,249 protein-coding genes. Comparative analysis revealed gene expansions of CYP6Zx P450s, epsilon-class GSTs, dietary CCEs and multiple UGT families (UGT37/302/308/430/431). Conversely, ABCs, delta-class GSTs and non-CYP6Zx P450s showed limited expansion. Differences were seen in the distributions of resistance-associated gene families across subfamilies between S. rueppellii and some hemipteran crop pests. Additionally, S. rueppellii had larger numbers of detoxification genes than other pollinator species. CONCLUSION AND SIGNIFICANCE This assembly is the first published genome for a predatory member of the Syrphidae family and will serve as a useful resource for further research into selectivity and potential tolerance of insecticides by beneficial predators. Furthermore, the expansion of some gene families often linked to insecticide resistance and selectivity may be an indicator of the capacity of this predator to detoxify IPM selective insecticides. These findings could be exploited by targeted insecticide screens and functional studies to increase effectiveness of IPM strategies, which aim to increase crop yields by sustainably and effectively controlling pests without impacting beneficial predator populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Bailey
- Department of Biointeractions and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK.
- Department of Computational and Analytical Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK.
- The Bioinformatics Group, Cranfield Soil and Agrifood Institute, Cranfield University, Cranfield, UK.
| | - Linda Field
- Department of Biointeractions and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
| | - Christopher Rawlings
- Department of Computational and Analytical Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
| | - Rob King
- Department of Computational and Analytical Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
| | - Fady Mohareb
- The Bioinformatics Group, Cranfield Soil and Agrifood Institute, Cranfield University, Cranfield, UK
| | - Keywan-Hassani Pak
- Department of Computational and Analytical Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
| | - David Hughes
- Department of Computational and Analytical Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
| | - Martin Williamson
- Department of Biointeractions and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
| | - Eric Ganko
- Seeds Research, Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Benjamin Buer
- Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, R&D, Monheim, Germany
| | - Ralf Nauen
- Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, R&D, Monheim, Germany
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Wang Y, Wilson AE, Liu N. A New Method to Address the Importance of Detoxified Enzyme in Insecticide Resistance – Meta-Analysis. Front Physiol 2022; 13:818531. [PMID: 35309076 PMCID: PMC8924616 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.818531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Insect-borne diseases, such as malaria, and plant pathogens, like the tobacco mosaic virus, are responsible for human deaths and poor crop yields in communities around the world. The use of insecticides has been one of the major tools in pest control. However, the development of insecticide resistance has been a major problem in the control of insect pest populations that threaten the health of both humans and plants. The overexpression of detoxification genes is thought to be one of the major mechanisms through which pests develop resistance to insecticides. Hundreds of research papers have explored how overexpressed detoxification genes increase the resistance status of insects to an insecticide in recent years. This study is, for the first time, a synthesis of these resistance and gene expression data aimed at (1) setting up an example for the application of meta-analysis in the investigation of the mechanisms of insecticide resistance and (2) seeking to determine if the overexpression detoxification genes are responsible for insecticide resistance in insect pests in general. A strong correlation of increased levels of insecticide resistance has been observed in tested insects with cytochrome P450 (CYP), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and esterase gene superfamilies, confirming that the overexpression of detoxification genes is indeed involved in the insecticide resistance through the increased metabolism of insecticides of insects, including medically (e.g., mosquito and housefly) and agriculturally (e.g., planthopper and caterpillar) important insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Wang
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, School of Agriculture, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Alan E. Wilson
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Nannan Liu
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, School of Agriculture, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
- *Correspondence: Nannan Liu,
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89
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Gao L, Qiao H, Wei P, Moussian B, Wang Y. Xenobiotic responses in insects. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 109:e21869. [PMID: 35088911 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Insects have evolved a powerful detoxification system to protect themselves against environmental and anthropogenic xenobiotics including pesticides and nanoparticles. The resulting tolerance to insecticides is an immense problem in agriculture. In this study, we summarize advances in our understanding of insect xenobiotic responses: the detoxification strategies and the regulation mechanisms against xenobiotics including nanoparticles, the problem of response specificity and the potential usefulness of this study field for an elaborate pest management. In particular, we highlight that versatility of the detoxification system relies on the relatively unspecific recognition of a broad range of potential toxic substances that trigger either of various canonical xenobiotic responses signaling pathways, including CncC/Keap1, HR96, AHR/ARNT, GPCR, and MAPK/CREB. However, it has emerged that the actual response to an inducer may nevertheless be specific. There are two nonexclusive possibilities that may explain response specificity: (1) differential cross-talk between the known pathways and (2) additional, yet unidentified regulators and pathways of detoxification. Hence, a deeper and broader understanding of the regulation mechanisms of xenobiotic response in insects in the future might facilitate the development and application of highly efficient and environmentally friendly pest control methods, allowing us to face the challenge of the world population growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujuan Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Huanhuan Qiao
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Peng Wei
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bernard Moussian
- Animal Genetics, Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Université Côte d'Azur, Parc Valrose, Nice, France
| | - Yiwen Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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Paim RMM, Pessoa GCD, Nascimento BWL, Nascimento AMD, Pinheiro LC, Koerich LB, Diotaiuti L, Araujo RN, Sant'Anna MRV, Gontijo NF, Pereira MH. Effect of salivary CYP4EM1 and CYP4EM2 gene silencing on the life span of Chagas disease vector Rhodnius prolixus (Hemiptera, Reduviidae) exposed to sublethal dose of deltamethrin. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 31:49-59. [PMID: 34478211 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Control of Chagas disease in endemic countries is primarily accomplished through insecticide spraying for triatomine vectors. In this context, pyrethroids are the first-choice insecticide, and the evolution of insect resistance to these insecticides may represent an important barrier to triatomine control. In insects, cytochrome P450s are enzymes involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics and endogenous chemicals that are encoded by genes divided into different families. In this work, we evaluated the role of three Rhodnius prolixus CYP4EM subfamily genes during blood meal and after deltamethrin exposure. CYP4 gene members were expressed in different insect organs (integument, salivary glands (SGs), midgut, fat body and malpighian tubules) at distinct transcriptional levels. CYP4EM1 gene was highly expressed in the SG and was clearly modulated after insect blood meal. Injection of CYP4EM1dsRNA promoted significant reduction in mRNA levels of both CYP4EM1 and CYP4EM2 genes and induced deleterious effects in R. prolixus nymphs subsequently exposed to sublethal doses of deltamethrin (3.4 or 3.8 ng/nymph treated). The higher dose reduced the survival over time and increased susceptibility of R. prolixus nymphs to deltamethrin. A better understanding of this mechanism can help in developing of more efficient strategies to reduce Trypanosoma cruzi vector transmission in Americas.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M M Paim
- Departamento de Parasitologia-ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais, campus Divinópolis, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - G C D Pessoa
- Departamento de Parasitologia-ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - B W L Nascimento
- Departamento de Parasitologia-ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - A M D Nascimento
- Departamento de Parasitologia-ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - L C Pinheiro
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - L B Koerich
- Departamento de Parasitologia-ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - L Diotaiuti
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - R N Araujo
- Departamento de Parasitologia-ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M R V Sant'Anna
- Departamento de Parasitologia-ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - N F Gontijo
- Departamento de Parasitologia-ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M H Pereira
- Departamento de Parasitologia-ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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91
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Safa N, Trobec T, Holland DC, Slazak B, Jacobsson E, Hawkes JA, Frangež R, Sepčić K, Göransson U, Moodie LWK, Robertson LP. Spatial Distribution and Stability of Cholinesterase Inhibitory Protoberberine Alkaloids from Papaver setiferum. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2022; 85:215-224. [PMID: 34910498 PMCID: PMC8805119 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.1c00980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
During a research program to identify new cholinesterase inhibitors of natural origin, two new 7,8-didehydroprotoberberine alkaloids (1 and 2) and nine known compounds (3-11) were isolated from the capsules of the common ornamental poppy, Papaver setiferum (previously P. pseudo-orientale). Despite their reported instability, the 7,8-didehydroprotoberberines isolated herein appeared relatively stable, particularly as their trifluoroacetic acid salts. The spatial distributions of the isolated alkaloids were also analyzed using desorption electrospray ionization imaging mass spectrometry. The alkaloids were localized predominantly within the walls and vascular bundles of the capsules, with the highest relative abundances occurring in the lower half of the capsules toward the peduncle. The relative abundances of the alkaloids were also compared across plant development stages. Although most alkaloids did not show clear patterns in their concentration across development stages, the concentration of suspected oxidation products clearly spiked upon plant death. Finally, all isolated natural products were screened for inhibitory activities against a panel of cholinesterases, from both human and animal sources. These studies identified several competitive inhibitors of cholinesterases with potency in the low micromolar range (1-4, 6, 7), offering new lead compounds for the development of cholinesterase inhibitory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Safa
- Pharmacognosy,
Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, 75237 Uppsala, Sweden
- Drug
Design and Discovery, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biomedical
Centre, Uppsala University, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tomaž Trobec
- Institute
of Preclinical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Darren C. Holland
- School
of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Southport 4222, Gold Coast, Australia
- Griffith
Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, 4111 Nathan, Australia
| | - Blazej Slazak
- Pharmacognosy,
Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, 75237 Uppsala, Sweden
- W.
Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy
of Science, 46 Lubicz
Street, 31-512, Kraków, Poland
| | - Erik Jacobsson
- Pharmacognosy,
Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, 75237 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jeffrey A. Hawkes
- Analytical
Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Robert Frangež
- Institute
of Preclinical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Kristina Sepčić
- Department
of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University
of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ulf Göransson
- Pharmacognosy,
Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, 75237 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lindon W. K. Moodie
- Drug
Design and Discovery, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biomedical
Centre, Uppsala University, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
- Uppsala
Antibiotic Centre, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala
University, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Luke P. Robertson
- Pharmacognosy,
Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, 75237 Uppsala, Sweden
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92
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Parra-Peralbo E, Talamillo A, Barrio R. Origin and Development of the Adipose Tissue, a Key Organ in Physiology and Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:786129. [PMID: 34993199 PMCID: PMC8724577 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.786129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a dynamic organ, well known for its function in energy storage and mobilization according to nutrient availability and body needs, in charge of keeping the energetic balance of the organism. During the last decades, adipose tissue has emerged as the largest endocrine organ in the human body, being able to secrete hormones as well as inflammatory molecules and having an important impact in multiple processes such as adipogenesis, metabolism and chronic inflammation. However, the cellular progenitors, development, homeostasis and metabolism of the different types of adipose tissue are not fully known. During the last decade, Drosophila melanogaster has demonstrated to be an excellent model to tackle some of the open questions in the field of metabolism and development of endocrine/metabolic organs. Discoveries ranged from new hormones regulating obesity to subcellular mechanisms that regulate lipogenesis and lipolysis. Here, we review the available evidences on the development, types and functions of adipose tissue in Drosophila and identify some gaps for future research. This may help to understand the cellular and molecular mechanism underlying the pathophysiology of this fascinating key tissue, contributing to establish this organ as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Talamillo
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC BioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
| | - Rosa Barrio
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC BioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
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93
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Montgomery M, Rendine S, Zimmer CT, Elias J, Schaetzer J, Pitterna T, Benfatti F, Skaljac M, Bigot A. Structural Biology-Guided Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Novel Insect Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Orthosteric Modulators. J Med Chem 2022; 65:2297-2312. [PMID: 34986308 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of novel and safe insecticides remains an important need for a growing world population to protect crops and animal and human health. New chemotypes modulating the insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors have been recently brought to the agricultural market, yet with limited understanding of their molecular interactions at their target receptor. Herein, we disclose the first crystal structures of these insecticides, namely, sulfoxaflor, flupyradifurone, triflumezopyrim, flupyrimin, and the experimental compound, dicloromezotiaz, in a double-mutated acetylcholine-binding protein which mimics the insect-ion-channel orthosteric site. Enabled by these findings, we discovered novel pharmacophores with a related mode of action, and we describe herein their design, synthesis, and biological evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Montgomery
- Syngenta Crop Protection, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, RG42 6EY Bracknell, Berkshire, U.K
| | - Stefano Rendine
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Schaffhauserstrasse 101, CH-4332 Stein, Switzerland
| | - Christoph T Zimmer
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Schaffhauserstrasse 101, CH-4332 Stein, Switzerland
| | - Jan Elias
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Rosentalstrasse 67, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jürgen Schaetzer
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Schaffhauserstrasse 101, CH-4332 Stein, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Pitterna
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Schaffhauserstrasse 101, CH-4332 Stein, Switzerland
| | - Fides Benfatti
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Schaffhauserstrasse 101, CH-4332 Stein, Switzerland
| | - Marisa Skaljac
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Schaffhauserstrasse 101, CH-4332 Stein, Switzerland
| | - Aurélien Bigot
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Schaffhauserstrasse 101, CH-4332 Stein, Switzerland
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94
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Breeschoten T, van der Linden CFH, Ros VID, Schranz ME, Simon S. Expanding the Menu: Are Polyphagy and Gene Family Expansions Linked across Lepidoptera? Genome Biol Evol 2022; 14:6482744. [PMID: 34951642 PMCID: PMC8725640 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evab283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Evolutionary expansions and contractions of gene families are often correlated with key innovations and/or ecological characteristics. In butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera), expansions of gene families involved in detoxification of plant specialized metabolites are hypothesized to facilitate a polyphagous feeding style. However, analyses supporting this hypothesis are mostly based on a limited number of lepidopteran species. We applied a phylogenomics approach, using 37 lepidopteran genomes, to analyze if gene family evolution (gene gain and loss) is associated with the evolution of polyphagy. Specifically, we compared gene counts and evolutionary gene gain and loss rates of gene families involved in adaptations with plant feeding. We correlated gene evolution to host plant family range (phylogenetic diversity) and specialized metabolite content of plant families (functional metabolite diversity). We found a higher rate for gene loss than gene gain in Lepidoptera, a potential consequence of genomic rearrangements and deletions after (potentially small-scale) duplication events. Gene family expansions and contractions varied across lepidopteran families, and were associated to host plant use and specialization levels. Within the family Noctuidae, a higher expansion rate for gene families involved in detoxification can be related to the large number of polyphagous species. However, gene family expansions are observed in both polyphagous and monophagous lepidopteran species and thus seem to be species-specific in the taxa sampled. Nevertheless, a significant positive correlation of gene counts of the carboxyl- and choline esterase and glutathione-S-transferase detoxification gene families with the level of polyphagy was identified across Lepidoptera.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vera I D Ros
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University & Research, The Netherlands
| | - M Eric Schranz
- Biosystematics Group, Wageningen University & Research, The Netherlands
| | - Sabrina Simon
- Biosystematics Group, Wageningen University & Research, The Netherlands
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95
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Chen H, Xie M, Lin L, Zhong Y, Zhang F, Su W. Transcriptome Analysis of Detoxification-Related Genes in Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2022; 22:11. [PMID: 35134188 PMCID: PMC8824446 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieab108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is an important pest on maize, and it can cause large yield losses. As S. frugiperda has invaded many developing countries in Africa and Asia in recent years, it could impact food security. Pesticides remain the main method to control S. frugiperda in the field, and this pest has developed resistance to some pesticides. In this study, we used second-generation sequencing technology to detect the gene expression change of S. frugiperda after treatment by LC20 of three pesticides, lufenuron, spinetoram, and tetrachloroamide, which have different modes of actions. The sequence data were first assembled into a 60,236 unigenes database, and then the differential expression unigenes (DEUs) after pesticide treatment were identified. The DEU numbers, Gene Ontology catalog, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway catalog were analyzed. Finally, 11 types of unigenes related to detoxification and DEUs after pesticide treatment were listed, and Cytochrome P450, Glutathione S-transferase, and ATP-binding cassette transporter were analyzed. This study provides a foundation for molecular research on S. frugiperda pesticide detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoliang Chen
- Anhui-CABI Joint Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Control, Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Products Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Minghui Xie
- Anhui-CABI Joint Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Control, Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Products Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Lulu Lin
- Anhui-CABI Joint Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Control, Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Products Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Yongzhi Zhong
- Anhui-CABI Joint Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Control, Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Products Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- MARA-CABI Joint Laboratory for Bio-safety, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- CABI East & South-East Asia, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Weihua Su
- Anhui-CABI Joint Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Control, Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Products Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
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96
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Jenkins JA, Hartop KR, Bukhari G, Howton DE, Smalling KL, Mize SV, Hladik ML, Johnson D, Draugelis-Dale RO, Brown BL. Juvenile African Clawed Frogs ( Xenopus laevis) Express Growth, Metamorphosis, Mortality, Gene Expression, and Metabolic Changes When Exposed to Thiamethoxam and Clothianidin. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13291. [PMID: 34948092 PMCID: PMC8706403 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonicotinoids (NEO) represent the main class of insecticides currently in use, with thiamethoxam (THX) and clothianidin (CLO) primarily applied agriculturally. With few comprehensive studies having been performed with non-target amphibians, the aim was to investigate potential biomarker responses along an adverse outcome pathway of NEO exposure, whereby data were collected on multiple biological hierarchies. Juvenile African clawed frogs, Xenopus laevis, were exposed to commercial formulations of THX and CLO at high (100 ppm) and low (20 ppm) concentrations of the active ingredient. Mortality, growth, development, liver metabolic enzyme activity, and gene expression endpoints were quantified. Tadpoles (n > 1000) from NF 47 through tail resorption stage (NF 66) were exposed to NEO or to NEO-free media treatments. Liver cell reductase activity and cytotoxicity were quantified by flow cytometry. Compared to control reference gene expressions, levels of expression for NEO receptor subunits, cell structure, function, and decontamination processes were measured by RT-qPCR by using liver and brain. Mortality in THX high was 21.5% compared to the control (9.1%); the metabolic conversion of THX to CLO may explain these results. The NF 57 control tadpoles were heavier, longer, and more developed than the others. The progression of development from NF 57-66 was reduced by THX low, and weight gain was impaired. Liver reductases were highest in the control (84.1%), with low NEO exhibiting the greatest reductions; the greatest cytotoxicity was seen with THX high. More transcriptional activity was noted in brains than in livers. Results affirm the utility of a study approach that considers multiple complexities in ecotoxicological studies with non-target amphibians, underscoring the need for simultaneously considering NEO concentration-response relationships with both whole-organism and biomarker endpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill A. Jenkins
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, 700 Cajundome Boulevard, Lafayette, LA 70506, USA; (D.J.); (R.O.D.-D.)
| | - Katherine R. Hartop
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA; (K.R.H.); (G.B.); (D.E.H.); (B.L.B.)
| | - Ghadeer Bukhari
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA; (K.R.H.); (G.B.); (D.E.H.); (B.L.B.)
| | - Debra E. Howton
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA; (K.R.H.); (G.B.); (D.E.H.); (B.L.B.)
| | - Kelly L. Smalling
- U.S. Geological Survey, New Jersey Water Science Center, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648, USA;
| | - Scott V. Mize
- U.S. Geological Survey, Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70816, USA;
| | - Michelle L. Hladik
- U.S. Geological Survey, California Water Science Center, 6000 J Street, Placer Hall, Sacramento, CA 95819, USA;
| | - Darren Johnson
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, 700 Cajundome Boulevard, Lafayette, LA 70506, USA; (D.J.); (R.O.D.-D.)
| | - Rassa O. Draugelis-Dale
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, 700 Cajundome Boulevard, Lafayette, LA 70506, USA; (D.J.); (R.O.D.-D.)
| | - Bonnie L. Brown
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA; (K.R.H.); (G.B.); (D.E.H.); (B.L.B.)
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97
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Ishimota M, Tomiyama N. Generational sensitivity alteration in Chironomus yoshimatsui to carbamate and pharmaceutical chemicals and the effect on Catalase, CYP450, and hemoglobin gene transcription. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 30:2119-2131. [PMID: 34623547 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-021-02484-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To ascertain the tolerance mechanisms of aquatic organisms to artificial chemicals, intergenerational sensitivity changes of Chironomus yoshimatsui to a carbamate pesticide (pirimicarb) and pharmaceutical chemical (diazepam) were investigated. The larvae (<48-h-old) in each generation were exposed to both chemicals for 48 h and then the surviving chironomids were cultured until the fifth generation (F0-F4) without chemical addition. The 48-h 50% effective concentration (EC50) value of chironomids was determined for each generation. In the pirimicarb treatment group, the EC50 values significantly increased in F3 and F4, and those in the diazepam treatment group slightly increased. Catalase, Cytochrome P450 and hemoglobin (Hb) mRNA levels were monitored to see whether these were related to the trans-generational sensitivity. Although the generalized linear model results showed that the sensitivity to diazepam was slightly increased in the diazepam treatment, we could not find any mRNA levels related to sensitivity alteration. In contrast, the model approach showed that the chironomids exposed to pirimicarb trans-generationally became tolerant with increasing Hb mRNA levels. Therefore, they might decrease their chemical stress by modifying Hb gene transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Ishimota
- The Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Laboratory of Residue Analysis II, Chemistry Division, Joso-shi, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - Naruto Tomiyama
- The Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Laboratory of Residue Analysis II, Chemistry Division, Joso-shi, Ibaraki, Japan
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98
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Han J, Rotenberg D. Integration of transcriptomics and network analysis reveals co-expressed genes in Frankliniella occidentalis larval guts that respond to tomato spotted wilt virus infection. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:810. [PMID: 34758725 PMCID: PMC8582212 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-08100-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The gut is the first barrier to infection by viruses that are internally borne and transmitted persistently by arthropod vectors to plant and animal hosts. Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), a plant-pathogenic virus, is transmitted exclusively by thrips vectors in a circulative-propagative manner. Frankliniella occidentalis (western flower thrips), the principal thrips vector of TSWV, is transmission-competent only if the virus is acquired by young larvae. To begin to understand the larval gut response to TSWV infection and accumulation, a genome-assisted, transcriptomic analysis of F. occidentalis gut tissues of first (early L1) and second (early L2 and late L2) instar larvae was conducted using RNA-Seq to identify differentially-expressed transcripts (DETs) in response to TSWV compared to non-exposed cohorts. Results The larval gut responded in a developmental stage-dependent manner, with the majority of DETs (71%) associated with the early L1 stage at a time when virus infection is limited to the midgut epithelium. Provisional annotations of these DETs inferred roles in digestion and absorption, insect innate immunity, and detoxification. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis using all assembled transcripts of the gut transcriptome revealed eight gene modules that distinguish larval development. Intra-module interaction network analysis of the three most DET-enriched modules revealed ten central hub genes. Droplet digital PCR-expression analyses of select network hub and connecting genes revealed temporal changes in gut expression during and post exposure to TSWV. Conclusions These findings expand our understanding of the developmentally-mediated interaction between thrips vectors and orthotospoviruses, and provide opportunities for probing pathways for biomarkers of thrips vector competence. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-08100-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Han
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695, USA
| | - Dorith Rotenberg
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695, USA.
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99
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Dai L, Gao H, Chen H. Expression Levels of Detoxification Enzyme Genes from Dendroctonus armandi (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Fed on a Solid Diet Containing Pine Phloem and Terpenoids. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12100926. [PMID: 34680695 PMCID: PMC8541301 DOI: 10.3390/insects12100926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The bark beetle is the most well-known pest in coniferous trees worldwide. These insects only leave the host pine bark when they disperse to locate a new host. Determining how Dendroctonus armandi overcome the trees’ terpene-based defense systems has been the key problem in the study of bark beetles. Therefore, the aim of this study was to discover the molecular mechanism of insect detoxification enzymes’ ability to confer resistance to terpenes. For this purpose, the genes of cytochrome P450s, glutathione S-transferases, and carboxylesterases were studied in beetles given diets containing terpenes. The results suggest that beetles express different genes in response to terpenoids, and the responses of multiple detoxifying enzymes indicate these insects’ adaption to their chemical environment. Abstract Bark beetles overcome the toxic terpenoids produced by pine trees by both detoxifying and converting them into a pheromone system. Detoxification enzymes such as cytochrome P450s, glutathione S-transferases, and carboxylesterases are involved in the ability of Dendroctonus armandi to adapt to its chemical environment. Ten genes from these three major classes of detoxification enzymes were selected to study how these enzymes help D. armandi to respond to the host defenses. The expression profile of these detoxification enzyme genes was observed in adult beetles after feeding on different types of diet. Significant differences were observed between two types of seminatural diet containing the phloem of pines, and a purely artificial diet containing five monoterpenes ((−)-α-pinene, (−)-β-pinene, (+)-3-carene, (±)-limonene, and turpentine oil) also caused differential transcript levels in the detoxification enzyme genes. The results suggest that monoterpenes enter the beetles through different routes (i.e., respiratory and digestive systems) and cause the expression of different genes in response, which might be involved in pheromone metabolism. In addition, the xenobiotic metabolism in bark beetles should be considered as a system comprising multiple detoxifying enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Dai
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210000, China;
| | - Haiming Gao
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China;
| | - Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-020-85280256
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Faidah AN, Zhao H, Sun L, Cao C. Effects of elevated CO 2 treatment of Populus davidiana × P. bolleana on growth and detoxifying enzymes in gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 248:109079. [PMID: 34015537 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
To date, elevated CO2 concentrations in the environment caused by various human activities influence diverse areas of life, including the interactions between insects and plants. The Lymantria dispar is one of the most severely destructive pests, which further could inflict ecological and economical damage. In this experiment, one-year-old Populus davidiana × P. bolleana plants were grown in CO2-enhanced environments for one month at three different CO2 concentrations: 397 ppm (atmospheric CO2 concentration), 550 ppm and 750 ppm (two predicted elevated CO2 concentrations). The 3rd instar L. dispar larvae then fed on the treated poplar seedlings covered in a nylon bag. The L. dispar larvae fed on poplar seedling treated for 96 h showed the highest growth rate at all CO2 concentrations. Enzymatic activity of treated larvae showed the highest GST and P450 activity at 750 ppm CO2. The relative expressions of seven CYP and ten GST genes in L. dispar larvae were analyzed quantitatively using real-time RT-PCR, which the results were expressed variably. Compared to 397 ppm CO2, the expression of CYP4L23 was down-regulated, while the expressions of other CYP genes were up-regulated. Meanwhile, only GSTo1 gene showed down-regulated at 48 h and 96 h in 750 ppm CO2 treatment, while GST expression level for the other nine GST genes showed up-regulated at 48 h and 72 h. These results offer the insight into plant-insect interactions under global climate change and furthermore will provide essential information for strategic pest control based on biochemical and molecular levels changes in gypsy moths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arina Nur Faidah
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Hongying Zhao
- Institute of Forestry Protection, Heilongjiang Forestry Academy, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Lili Sun
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Chuanwang Cao
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
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