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Kuol N, Stojanovska L, Apostolopoulos V, Nurgali K. Crosstalk between cancer and the neuro-immune system. J Neuroimmunol 2018; 315:15-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2017.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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52
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McQuade RM, Stojanovska V, Stavely R, Timpani C, Petersen AC, Abalo R, Bornstein JC, Rybalka E, Nurgali K. Oxaliplatin-induced enteric neuronal loss and intestinal dysfunction is prevented by co-treatment with BGP-15. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:656-677. [PMID: 29194564 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Gastrointestinal side effects of chemotherapy are an under-recognized clinical problem, leading to dose reduction, delays and cessation of treatment, presenting a constant challenge for efficient and tolerated anti-cancer treatment. We have found that oxaliplatin treatment results in intestinal dysfunction, oxidative stress and loss of enteric neurons. BGP-15 is a novel cytoprotective compound with potential HSP72 co-inducing and PARP inhibiting properties. In this study, we investigated the potential of BGP-15 to alleviate oxaliplatin-induced enteric neuropathy and intestinal dysfunction. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Balb/c mice received oxaliplatin (3 mg·kg-1 ·day-1 ) with and without BGP-15 (15 mg·kg-1 ·day-1 : i.p.) tri-weekly for 14 days. Gastrointestinal transit was analysed via in vivo X-ray imaging, before and after treatment. Colons were collected to assess ex vivo motility, neuronal mitochondrial superoxide and cytochrome c levels and for immunohistochemical analysis of myenteric neurons. KEY RESULTS Oxaliplatin-induced neuronal loss increased the proportion of neuronal NO synthase-immunoreactive neurons and increased levels of mitochondrial superoxide and cytochrome c in the myenteric plexus. These changes were correlated with an increase in PARP-2 immunoreactivity in the colonic mucosa and were attenuated by BGP-15 co-treatment. Significant delays in gastrointestinal transit, intestinal emptying and pellet formation, impaired colonic motor activity, reduced faecal water content and lack of weight gain associated with oxaliplatin treatment were restored to sham levels in mice co-treated with BGP-15. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Our results showed that BGP-15 ameliorated oxidative stress, increased enteric neuronal survival and alleviated oxaliplatin-induced intestinal dysfunction, suggesting that BGP-15 may relieve the gastrointestinal side effects of chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M McQuade
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Vanesa Stojanovska
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rhian Stavely
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells Program, Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Cara Timpani
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells Program, Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Aaron C Petersen
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells Program, Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Raquel Abalo
- Área de Farmacología y Nutrición y Unidad Asociada al Instituto de Química Médica (IQM) y al Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC); Grupo de Excelencia Investigadora URJC-Banco de Santander-Grupo Multidisciplinar de Investigación y Tratamiento del Dolor (i+DOL), Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Joel C Bornstein
- Department of Physiology, Melbourne University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Emma Rybalka
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells Program, Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kulmira Nurgali
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells Program, Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Choi JS, Kim CS, Berdis A. Inhibition of Translesion DNA Synthesis as a Novel Therapeutic Strategy to Treat Brain Cancer. Cancer Res 2017; 78:1083-1096. [PMID: 29259011 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-2464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Temozolomide is a DNA-alkylating agent used to treat brain tumors, but resistance to this drug is common. In this study, we provide evidence that efficacious responses to this drug can be heightened significantly by coadministration of an artificial nucleoside (5-nitroindolyl-2'-deoxyriboside, 5-NIdR) that efficiently and selectively inhibits the replication of DNA lesions generated by temozolomide. Conversion of this compound to the corresponding nucleoside triphosphate, 5-nitroindolyl-2'-deoxyriboside triphosphate, in vivo creates a potent inhibitor of several human DNA polymerases that can replicate damaged DNA. Accordingly, 5-NIdR synergized with temozolomide to increase apoptosis of tumor cells. In a murine xenograft model of glioblastoma, whereas temozolomide only delayed tumor growth, its coadministration with 5-NIdR caused complete tumor regression. Exploratory toxicology investigations showed that high doses of 5-NIdR did not produce the side effects commonly seen with conventional nucleoside analogs. Collectively, our results offer a preclinical pharmacologic proof of concept for the coordinate inhibition of translesion DNA synthesis as a strategy to improve chemotherapeutic responses in aggressive brain tumors.Significance: Combinatorial treatment of glioblastoma with temozolomide and a novel artificial nucleoside that inhibits replication of damaged DNA can safely enhance therapeutic responses. Cancer Res; 78(4); 1083-96. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Suk Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Casey Seol Kim
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Anthony Berdis
- Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio. .,Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio.,Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio.,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio
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54
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A Low-Toxicity DNA-Alkylating N-Mustard-Quinoline Conjugate with Preferential Sequence Specificity Exerts Potent Antitumor Activity Against Colorectal Cancer. Neoplasia 2017; 20:119-130. [PMID: 29247884 PMCID: PMC5884014 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficacy and safety are fundamental prerequisites for anticancer drug development. In the present study, we explored the anti–colorectal cancer (CRC) activity of SL-1, a DNA-directed N-mustard-quinoline conjugate. The N-mustard moiety in SL-1 induced DNA strand breaks, interstrand cross-links (ICLs), G2/M arrest, and apoptosis, whereas its quinoline moiety preferentially directed SL-1 to target the selective guanine sequence 5′-G-G/C-N-G-C/T-3′. Notably, SL-1 was highly cytotoxic to various CRC cell lines. Experiments using xenograft models revealed that SL-1 was more potent than 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and oxaliplatin for suppressing the growth of RKO and RKO-E6 (oxaliplatin-resistant subline) cells as well as metastatic SW620 cells. In addition, SL-1 combined with 5-FU was more effective than oxaliplatin and 5-FU for suppressing RKO or SW620 cell growth in mice. Significantly, compared with cisplatin, oxaliplatin, or 5-FU, SL-1 alone or in combination with 5-FU did not cause obvious kidney or liver toxicity in ICR mice. In summary, SL-1, a DNA-directed alkylating agent, is established as an anti-CRC agent with high efficacy and low toxicity and thus warrants further development for the treatment of CRC patients.
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55
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Correale P, Botta C, Ciliberto D, Pastina P, Ingargiola R, Zappavigna S, Tassone P, Pirtoli L, Caraglia M, Tagliaferri P. Immunotherapy of colorectal cancer: new perspectives after a long path. Immunotherapy 2017; 8:1281-1292. [PMID: 27993089 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2016-0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although significant therapeutic improvement has been achieved in the last 10 years, the survival of metastatic colorectal cancer patients remains in a range of 28 to 30 months. Presently, systemic treatment includes combination chemotherapy with oxaliplatin and/or irinotecan together with a backbone of 5-fluorouracil/levofolinate, alone or in combination with monoclonal antibodies to VEGFA (bevacizumab) or EGF receptor (cetuximab and panitumumab). The recent rise of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the therapeutic scenario has renewed scientific interest in the investigation of immunotherapy in metastatic colorectal cancer patients. According to our experience and view, here, we review the immunological strategies investigated for the treatment of this disease, including the use of tumor target-specific cancer vaccines, chemo-immunotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierpaolo Correale
- Unit of Radiotherapy, Department of Medicine, Surgery & Neuroscience, Siena University School of Medicine, Viale Bracci 11, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Cirino Botta
- Medical Oncology Unit & Medical Oncology Unit, AUO 'Materdomini', Magna Grecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Domenico Ciliberto
- Medical Oncology Unit & Medical Oncology Unit, AUO 'Materdomini', Magna Grecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Pastina
- Unit of Radiotherapy, Department of Medicine, Surgery & Neuroscience, Siena University School of Medicine, Viale Bracci 11, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Rossana Ingargiola
- Medical Oncology Unit & Medical Oncology Unit, AUO 'Materdomini', Magna Grecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Silvia Zappavigna
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics & General Pathology, Second Naples University, Naples, Italy
| | - Pierfrancesco Tassone
- Medical Oncology Unit & Medical Oncology Unit, AUO 'Materdomini', Magna Grecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Luigi Pirtoli
- Unit of Radiotherapy, Department of Medicine, Surgery & Neuroscience, Siena University School of Medicine, Viale Bracci 11, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Michele Caraglia
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics & General Pathology, Second Naples University, Naples, Italy
| | - Pierosandro Tagliaferri
- Medical Oncology Unit & Medical Oncology Unit, AUO 'Materdomini', Magna Grecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
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Uranga JA, García-Martínez JM, García-Jiménez C, Vera G, Martín-Fontelles MI, Abalo R. Alterations in the small intestinal wall and motor function after repeated cisplatin in rat. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2017; 29. [PMID: 28261911 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal adverse effects occurring during cancer chemotherapy are well known and feared; those persisting once treatment has finished are relatively unknown. We characterized the alterations occurring in the rat small intestine, after repeated treatment with cisplatin. METHODS Male Wistar rats received saline or cisplatin (2 mg kg-1 week-1 , for 5 weeks, ip). Gastric motor function was studied non-invasively throughout treatment (W1-W5) and 1 week after treatment finalization (W6). During W6, upper gastrointestinal motility was also invasively studied and small intestinal samples were collected for histopathological and molecular studies. Structural alterations in the small intestinal wall, mucosa, submucosa, muscle layers, and lymphocytic nodules were histologically studied. Periodic acid-Schiff staining and immunohistochemistry for Ki-67, chromogranin A, and neuronal-specific enolase were used to detect secretory, proliferating, endocrine and neural cells, respectively. The expression of different markers in the tunica muscularis was analyzed by RT/qPCR. KEY RESULTS Repeated cisplatin induced motility alterations during and after treatment. After treatment (W6), the small intestinal wall showed histopathological alterations in most parameters measured, including a reduction in the thickness of circular and longitudinal muscle layers. Expression of c-KIT (for interstitial cells of Cajal), nNOS (for inhibitory motor neurons), pChAT, and cChAT (for excitatory motor neurons) increased significantly (although both ChATs to a lesser extent). CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Repeated cisplatin induces relatively long-lasting gut dysmotility in rat associated with important histopathological and molecular alterations in the small intestinal wall. In cancer survivors, the possible chemotherapy-induced histopathological, molecular, and functional intestinal sequelae should be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Uranga
- Depto. de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain.,Unidad Asociada I+D+i al Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, CIAL (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,Grupo de Excelencia Investigadora URJC-Banco de Santander-Grupo Multidisciplinar de Investigación y Tratamiento del Dolor (i+DOL), Madrid, Spain
| | - J M García-Martínez
- Depto. de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain.,Grupo de Excelencia Investigadora URJC-Banco de Santander-Grupo de Compuestos químicos y materiales nanoestructurados con aplicaciones Avanzadas (QUINANOAP), Madrid, Spain
| | - C García-Jiménez
- Depto. de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain.,Grupo de Excelencia Investigadora URJC-Banco de Santander-Grupo de Compuestos químicos y materiales nanoestructurados con aplicaciones Avanzadas (QUINANOAP), Madrid, Spain
| | - G Vera
- Depto. de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain.,Unidad Asociada I+D+i al Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, CIAL (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,Grupo de Excelencia Investigadora URJC-Banco de Santander-Grupo Multidisciplinar de Investigación y Tratamiento del Dolor (i+DOL), Madrid, Spain.,Unidad Asociada I+D+i al Instituto de Química Médica, IQM (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - M I Martín-Fontelles
- Depto. de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain.,Unidad Asociada I+D+i al Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, CIAL (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,Grupo de Excelencia Investigadora URJC-Banco de Santander-Grupo Multidisciplinar de Investigación y Tratamiento del Dolor (i+DOL), Madrid, Spain.,Unidad Asociada I+D+i al Instituto de Química Médica, IQM (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - R Abalo
- Depto. de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain.,Unidad Asociada I+D+i al Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, CIAL (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,Grupo de Excelencia Investigadora URJC-Banco de Santander-Grupo Multidisciplinar de Investigación y Tratamiento del Dolor (i+DOL), Madrid, Spain.,Unidad Asociada I+D+i al Instituto de Química Médica, IQM (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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57
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Lees JG, Makker PGS, Tonkin RS, Abdulla M, Park SB, Goldstein D, Moalem-Taylor G. Immune-mediated processes implicated in chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. Eur J Cancer 2017; 73:22-29. [PMID: 28104535 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) and associated neuropathic pain are challenging complications of cancer treatment. Many of the major classes of chemotherapeutics can cause neurotoxicity and significantly modulate the immune system. There is ongoing investigation regarding whether reciprocal crosstalk between the nervous and immune systems occurs and, indeed, contributes to neuropathic pain during treatment with chemotherapeutics. An emerging concept is that neuroinflammation is one of the major mechanisms underlying CIPN. Here, we discuss recent findings, which provide insight into this complex process of neuroimmune interactions. Findings show limited infiltration of leukocytes into the nervous system of CIPN animals and varying degrees of peripheral and central glial activation depending on the chemotherapeutic drug, dose, schedule, and timing. Most evidence suggests an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokine expression and changes in immune signalling pathways. There is, however, limited evidence available from human studies and it remains unclear whether neuroinflammatory responses are the cause of neuropathy or a bystander effect of the chemotherapy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin G Lees
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
| | - Preet G S Makker
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Ryan S Tonkin
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Munawwar Abdulla
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Susanna B Park
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia; Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - David Goldstein
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, 2031, Australia
| | - Gila Moalem-Taylor
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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58
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McQuade RM, Stojanovska V, Donald E, Abalo R, Bornstein JC, Nurgali K. Gastrointestinal dysfunction and enteric neurotoxicity following treatment with anticancer chemotherapeutic agent 5-fluorouracil. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2016; 28:1861-1875. [PMID: 27353132 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of the anticancer chemotherapeutic agent 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is often limited by nausea, vomiting, constipation, and diarrhea; these side-effects persist long after treatment. The effects of 5-FU on enteric neurons have not been studied and may provide insight into the mechanisms underlying 5-FU-induced gastrointestinal dysfunction. METHODS Balb/c mice received intraperitoneal injections of 5-FU (23 mg/kg) 3 times/week for 14 days. Gastrointestinal transit was analysed in vivo prior to and following 3, 7, and 14 days of 5-FU treatment via serial x-ray imaging. Following 14 days of 5-FU administration, colons were collected for assessment of ex vivo colonic motility, gross morphological structure, and immunohistochemical analysis of myenteric neurons. Fecal lipocalin-2 and CD45+ leukocytes in the colon were analysed as markers of intestinal inflammation. KEY RESULTS Short-term administration of 5-FU (3 days) increased gastrointestinal transit, induced acute intestinal inflammation and reduced the proportion of neuronal nitric oxide synthase-immunoreactive neurons. Long-term treatment (7, 14 days) resulted in delayed gastrointestinal transit, inhibition of colonic migrating motor complexes, increased short and fragmented contractions, myenteric neuronal loss and a reduction in the number of ChAT-immunoreactive neurons after the inflammation was resolved. Gross morphological damage to the colon was observed following both short- and long-term 5-FU treatment. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Our results indicate that 5-FU induces accelerated gastrointestinal transit associated with acute intestinal inflammation at day 3 after the start of treatment, which may have led to persistent changes in the ENS observed after days 7 and 14 of treatment contributing to delayed gastrointestinal transit and colonic dysmotility.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M McQuade
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Western Centre for Health, Research and Education, Sunshine Hospital, St Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - V Stojanovska
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Western Centre for Health, Research and Education, Sunshine Hospital, St Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - E Donald
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Western Centre for Health, Research and Education, Sunshine Hospital, St Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - R Abalo
- Área de Farmacología y Nutrición y Unidad Asociada al Instituto de Química Médica (IQM) y al Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Grupo de Excelencia Investigadora URJC-Banco de Santander-Grupo Multidisciplinar de Investigación y Tratamiento del Dolor (i+DOL), Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - J C Bornstein
- Department of Physiology, Melbourne University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - K Nurgali
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Western Centre for Health, Research and Education, Sunshine Hospital, St Albans, VIC, Australia
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Truxova I, Hensler M, Skapa P, Halaska MJ, Laco J, Ryska A, Spisek R, Fucikova J. Rationale for the Combination of Dendritic Cell-Based Vaccination Approaches With Chemotherapy Agents. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 330:115-156. [PMID: 28215530 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Owing to their central role in the initiation and regulation of antitumor immunity, dendritic cells (DCs) have been widely tested for use in cancer immunotherapy. Despite several encouraging clinical applications, existing DC-based immunotherapy efforts have yielded inconsistent results. Recent work has identified strategies that may allow for more potent DC-based vaccines, such as the combination with antitumor agents that have the potential to synergistically enhance DC functions. Selected cytotoxic agents may stimulate DCs either by directly promoting their maturation or through the induction of immunogenic tumor cell death. Moreover, they may support DC-induced adaptive immune responses by disrupting tumor-induced immunosuppressive mechanisms via selective depletion or inhibition of regulatory subsets, such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells and/or regulatory T cells (Tregs). Here, we summarize our current knowledge on the capacity of anticancer chemotherapeutics to modulate DC phenotype and functions and the results of ongoing clinical trials evaluating the use of DC-based immunotherapy in combination with chemotherapy in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Truxova
- 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Sotio a.s., Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - P Skapa
- 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M J Halaska
- 3rd Faculty of Medicine and Faculty Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Laco
- Faculty of Medicine and Faculty Hospital in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - A Ryska
- Faculty of Medicine and Faculty Hospital in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - R Spisek
- 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Sotio a.s., Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Fucikova
- 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Sotio a.s., Prague, Czech Republic.
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60
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McQuade RM, Carbone SE, Stojanovska V, Rahman A, Gwynne RM, Robinson AM, Goodman CA, Bornstein JC, Nurgali K. Role of oxidative stress in oxaliplatin-induced enteric neuropathy and colonic dysmotility in mice. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:3502-3521. [PMID: 27714760 PMCID: PMC5120153 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Oxaliplatin is a platinum-based chemotherapeutic drug used as a first-line therapy for colorectal cancer. However, its use is associated with severe gastrointestinal side-effects resulting in dose limitations and/or cessation of treatment. In this study, we tested whether oxidative stress, caused by chronic oxaliplatin treatment, induces enteric neuronal damage and colonic dysmotility. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Oxaliplatin (3 mg·kg-1 per day) was administered in vivo to Balb/c mice intraperitoneally three times a week. The distal colon was collected at day 14 of treatment. Immunohistochemistry was performed in wholemount preparations of submucosal and myenteric ganglia. Neuromuscular transmission was studied by intracellular electrophysiology. Circular muscle tone was studied by force transducers. Colon propulsive activity studied in organ bath experiments and faeces were collected to measure water content. KEY RESULTS Chronic in vivo oxaliplatin treatment resulted in increased formation of reactive oxygen species (O2 -), nitration of proteins, mitochondrial membrane depolarisation resulting in the release of cytochrome c, loss of neurons, increased inducible NOS expression and apoptosis in both the submucosal and myenteric plexuses of the colon. Oxaliplatin treatment enhanced NO-mediated inhibitory junction potentials and altered the response of circular muscles to the NO donor, sodium nitroprusside. It also reduced the frequency of colonic migrating motor complexes and decreased circular muscle tone, effects reversed by the NO synthase inhibitor, Nω-Nitro-L-arginine. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Our study is the first to provide evidence that oxidative stress is a key player in enteric neuropathy and colonic dysmotility leading to symptoms of chronic constipation observed in oxaliplatin-treated mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M McQuade
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Simona E Carbone
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Vanesa Stojanovska
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ahmed Rahman
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rachel M Gwynne
- Department of Physiology, Melbourne University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ainsley M Robinson
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Craig A Goodman
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Joel C Bornstein
- Department of Physiology, Melbourne University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kulmira Nurgali
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
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61
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McQuade RM, Stojanovska V, Abalo R, Bornstein JC, Nurgali K. Chemotherapy-Induced Constipation and Diarrhea: Pathophysiology, Current and Emerging Treatments. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:414. [PMID: 27857691 PMCID: PMC5093116 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) side-effects of chemotherapy are a debilitating and often overlooked clinical hurdle in cancer management. Chemotherapy-induced constipation (CIC) and Diarrhea (CID) present a constant challenge in the efficient and tolerable treatment of cancer and are amongst the primary contributors to dose reductions, delays and cessation of treatment. Although prevalence of CIC is hard to estimate, it is believed to affect approximately 16% of cancer patients, whilst incidence of CID has been estimated to be as high as 80%. Despite this, the underlying mechanisms of both CID and CIC remain unclear, but are believed to result from a combination of intersecting mechanisms including inflammation, secretory dysfunctions, GI dysmotility and alterations in GI innervation. Current treatments for CIC and CID aim to reduce the severity of symptoms rather than combating the pathophysiological mechanisms of dysfunction, and often result in worsening of already chronic GI symptoms or trigger the onset of a plethora of other side-effects including respiratory depression, uneven heartbeat, seizures, and neurotoxicity. Emerging treatments including those targeting the enteric nervous system present promising avenues to alleviate CID and CIC. Identification of potential targets for novel therapies to alleviate chemotherapy-induced toxicity is essential to improve clinical outcomes and quality of life amongst cancer sufferers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M McQuade
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne VIC, Australia
| | - Vanesa Stojanovska
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne VIC, Australia
| | - Raquel Abalo
- Área de Farmacología y Nutrición, Universidad Rey Juan CarlosMadrid, Spain; Grupo de Excelencia Investigadora URJC, Banco de Santander Grupo Multidisciplinar de Investigación y Tratamiento del Dolor, Universidad Rey Juan CarlosMadrid, Spain; Unidad Asociada al Instituto de Química Médica del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasMadrid, Spain; Unidad Asociada al Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasMadrid, Spain
| | - Joel C Bornstein
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne VIC, Australia
| | - Kulmira Nurgali
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne VIC, Australia
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Tekade RK, Tekade M, Kesharwani P, D’Emanuele A. RNAi-combined nano-chemotherapeutics to tackle resistant tumors. Drug Discov Today 2016; 21:1761-1774. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Fujiya Y, Nagamatsu M, Tomida J, Kawamura Y, Yamamoto K, Mawatari M, Kutsuna S, Takeshita N, Hayakawa K, Kanagawa S, Mezaki K, Hashimoto M, Ishii S, Ohmagari N. Successful treatment of recurrent Helicobacter fennelliae bacteraemia by selective digestive decontamination with kanamycin in a lung cancer patient receiving chemotherapy. JMM Case Rep 2016; 3:e005069. [PMID: 28348791 PMCID: PMC5343149 DOI: 10.1099/jmmcr.0.005069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Helicobacter fennelliae is an enterohepatic Helicobacter species causing bacteraemia in immunocompromised hosts. Only a few cases of recurrent H. fennelliae bacteraemia have been reported in Japan and there are no guidelines regarding antimicrobial treatment for H. fennelliae infection. CASE PRESENTATION H. fennelliae bacteraemia was observed in a patient receiving platinum-based chemotherapy for lung cancer. To prevent recurrence, the patient received antibiotic therapy with cefepime, amoxicillin and doxycycline for 6 weeks, which is similar to the therapy for Helicobactercinaedi bacteraemia. Bacteraemia recurred despite the long-term antibiotic therapy. We hypothesized that the H. fennelliae bacteraemia originated from endogenous infection in the intestinal tract due to the long-term damage of the enteric mucosa by platinum-based drugs and performed selective digestive decontamination (SDD) with kanamycin. Bacteraemia did not recur after SDD. CONCLUSION Our observations indicate that clinicians should be aware of possible recurrent H. fennelliae bacteraemia, which could be effectively prevented by SDD with kanamycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Fujiya
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Maki Nagamatsu
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Junko Tomida
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University , Aichi , Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kawamura
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University , Aichi , Japan
| | - Kei Yamamoto
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Momoko Mawatari
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Satoshi Kutsuna
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Nozomi Takeshita
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Kayoko Hayakawa
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Shuzo Kanagawa
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Mezaki
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Center for Global Health and Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Masao Hashimoto
- Respiratory Medicine, National Center for Global Health and Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Satoru Ishii
- Respiratory Medicine, National Center for Global Health and Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Norio Ohmagari
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
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Ye S, Li J, Hao K, Yan J, Zhou H. The Efficacy and Risk Profile of c-Met inhibitors in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: a Meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35770. [PMID: 27786238 PMCID: PMC5081544 DOI: 10.1038/srep35770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
c-MET inhibitors are considered as a kind of novel drugs in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment. However, the results of different clinical studies involving c-MET inhibitors were not consistent. In this report, we performed Meta-analysis to investigate the beneficial and harmful effects of these drugs from 9 studies including 1611 patients in target drug groups and 1605 patients in control groups. As a result, patients in target drugs group had longer progression free survival (PFS) (HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.66-0.99, p = 0.04) but not overall survival (OS) than those in control group, especially in Asian (HR 0.57, 95% CI 0.42-0.76, p < 0.001), Non-squamous (HR 0.79, 95% CI 0.64-0.97, p = 0.03), Phase III (HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.50-0.86, p = 0.002), previous treated (HR 0.77, 95% CI 0.63-0.95, p = 0.01) and small molecular compounds subgroups (HR 0.62, 95% CI 0.50-0.78, p < 0.001). In addition, target drugs did not affect the objective response rate (ORR) but improved disease control rate (DCR) (RR 1.22, 95% CI 1.02-1.46, p = 0.03) of NSCLC patients. Our study first indicated that targeting c-MET therapies improved PFS and DCR in advanced or metastatic NSCLC patients, especially in previous treated Asian patients with adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sa Ye
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiuke Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ke Hao
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianping Yan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongbin Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Robinson AM, Stojanovska V, Rahman AA, McQuade RM, Senior PV, Nurgali K. Effects of Oxaliplatin Treatment on the Enteric Glial Cells and Neurons in the Mouse Ileum. J Histochem Cytochem 2016; 64:530-45. [PMID: 27389702 PMCID: PMC5006136 DOI: 10.1369/0022155416656842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxaliplatin, currently used for treatment of colorectal and other cancers, causes severe gastrointestinal side effects, including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and constipation that are attributed to mucosal damage. However, delayed onset and long-term persistence of these side effects suggest that damage to the enteric nervous system (ENS) regulating physiological function of the gastrointestinal tract may also occur. The ENS comprises myenteric and submucosal neurons and enteric glial cells (EGCs). This study aimed to investigate the effects of oxaliplatin treatment on enteric neurons and EGCs within the mouse ileum. BALB/c mice received repeated intraperitoneal injections of oxaliplatin (3 mg/kg, 3 injections/week). Tissues were collected 3, 7, 14, and 21 days from the commencement of treatment. Decreases in glial fibrillary acidic protein-immunoreactive (IR) EGCs and protein gene product 9.5/β-Tubulin III-IR neurons as well as increase in s100β-IR EGCs after chronic oxaliplatin administration were observed in both the myenteric and submucosal plexi. Changes in EGCs were further observed in cross-sections of the ileum at day 14 and confirmed by Western blotting. Alterations in EGCs correlated with loss of myenteric and submucosal neurons in the ileum from oxaliplatin-treated mice. These changes to the ENS may contribute to the mechanisms underlying gastrointestinal side effects associated with oxaliplatin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Kulmira Nurgali
- Kulmira Nurgali, Western Centre for Health Research & Education, Sunshine Hospital, 176 Furlong Road, St Albans, VIC 3021, Australia.
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66
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Carbone SE, Jovanovska V, Brookes SJH, Nurgali K. Electrophysiological and morphological changes in colonic myenteric neurons from chemotherapy-treated patients: a pilot study. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2016; 28:975-84. [PMID: 26909894 PMCID: PMC5215581 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients receiving anticancer chemotherapy experience a multitude of gastrointestinal side-effects. However, the causes of these symptoms are uncertain and whether these therapeutics directly affect the enteric nervous system is unknown. Our aim was to determine whether the function and morphology of myenteric neurons are altered in specimens of the colon from chemotherapy-treated patients. METHODS Colon specimens were compared from chemotherapy-treated and non-treated patients following colorectal resections for removal of carcinoma. Intracellular electrophysiological recordings from myenteric neurons and immunohistochemistry were performed in whole mount preparations. KEY RESULTS Myenteric S neurons from chemotherapy-treated patients were hyperexcitable; more action potentials (11.4 ± 9.4, p < 0.05) were fired in response to depolarising current pulses than in non-treated patients (1.4 ± 0.5). The rheobase and the threshold to evoke action potentials were significantly lower for neurons from chemotherapy-treated patients compared to neurons from non-treated patients (p < 0.01). Fast excitatory postsynaptic potential reversal potential was more positive in neurons from chemotherapy-treated patients (p < 0.05). An increase in the number of neurons with translocation of Hu protein from the cytoplasm to the nucleus was observed in specimens from chemotherapy-treated patients (103 ± 25 neurons/mm(2) , 37.2 ± 7.0%, n = 8) compared to non-treated (26 ± 5 neurons/mm(2) , 11.9 ± 2.7%, n = 12, p < 0.01). An increase in the soma size of neuronal nitric oxide synthase-immunoreactive neurons was also observed in these specimens. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES This is the first study suggesting functional and structural changes in human myenteric neurons in specimens of colon from patients receiving anticancer chemotherapy. These changes may contribute to the causation of gastrointestinal symptoms experienced by chemotherapy-treated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. E. Carbone
- Centre for Chronic DiseaseCollege of Health and BiomedicineVictoria UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - V. Jovanovska
- Centre for Chronic DiseaseCollege of Health and BiomedicineVictoria UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - S. J. H. Brookes
- Discipline of Human Physiology and Centre for NeuroscienceFlinders UniversityAdelaideSAAustralia
| | - K. Nurgali
- Centre for Chronic DiseaseCollege of Health and BiomedicineVictoria UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia
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Liamis G, Filippatos TD, Elisaf MS. Electrolyte disorders associated with the use of anticancer drugs. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 777:78-87. [PMID: 26939882 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.02.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The use of anticancer drugs is beneficial for patients with malignancies but is frequently associated with the occurrence of electrolyte disorders, which can be hazardous and in many cases fatal. The review presents the electrolyte abnormalities that can occur with the use of anticancer drugs and provides the related mechanisms. Platinum-containing anticancer drugs induce hypomagnesemia, hypokalemia and hypocalcemia. Moreover, platinum-containing drugs are associated with hyponatremia, especially when combined with large volumes of hypotonic fluids aiming to prevent nephrotoxicity. Alkylating agents have been linked with the occurrence of hyponatremia [due to syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH)] and Fanconi's syndrome (hypophosphatemia, aminoaciduria, hypouricemia and/or glucosuria). Vinca alkaloids are associated with hyponatremia due to SIADH. Epidermal growth factor receptor monoclonal antibody inhibitors induce hypomagnesemia, hypokalemia and hypocalcemia. Other, monoclonal antibodies, such as cixutumumab, cause hyponatremia due to SIADH. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors are linked to hyponatremia and hypophosphatemia. Mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors induce hyponatremia (due to aldosterone resistance), hypokalemia and hypophosphatemia. Other drugs such as immunomodulators or methotrexate have been also associated with hyponatremia. The administration of estrogens at high doses, streptozocin, azacitidine and suramin may induce hypophosphatemia. Finally, the drug-related tumor lysis syndrome is associated with hyperphosphatemia, hyperkalemia and hypocalcemia. The prevention of electrolyte derangements may lead to reduction of adverse events during the administration of anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Liamis
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Theodosios D Filippatos
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Moses S Elisaf
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
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68
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Pini A, Garella R, Idrizaj E, Calosi L, Baccari MC, Vannucchi MG. Glucagon-like peptide 2 counteracts the mucosal damage and the neuropathy induced by chronic treatment with cisplatin in the mouse gastric fundus. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2016; 28:206-16. [PMID: 26547262 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) is a pleiotropic hormone synthesized and secreted by the enteroendocrine 'L' cells able to exert intestine-trophic and anti-inflammatory effects. The antineoplastic drug cisplatin causes gastrointestinal alterations with clinical symptoms (nausea and vomiting) that greatly affect the therapy compliance. Experimentally, it has been reported that chronic cisplatin treatment caused mucosal damage and enteric neuropathy in the rat colon. METHODS We investigated, through a combined immunohistochemical and functional approach, whether [Gly(2) ]GLP-2, a GLP-2 analog, was able to counteract the detrimental effects of long-term cisplatin administration in the mucosa and myenteric neurons of mouse gastric fundus. KEY RESULTS Morphological experiments showed a reduction in the epithelium thickness in cisplatin-treated mice, which was prevented by [Gly(2) ]GLP-2 co-treatment. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that cisplatin caused a significant decrease in myenteric neurons, mainly those expressing neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), that was prevented by [Gly(2) ]GLP-2 co-treatment. In the functional experiments, [Gly(2) ]GLP-2 co-treatment counteracted the increase in amplitude of the neurally induced contractions observed in strips from cisplatin-treated animals. The NO synthesis inhibitor L-N(G) -nitro arginine caused an increase in amplitude of the contractile responses that was greater in preparations from cisplatin+[Gly(2) ]GLP-2 treated mice compared to the cisplatin-treated ones. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES The results demonstrate that in cisplatin long-term treated mice [Gly(2) ]GLP-2 is able to counteract both the mucosal gastric fundus damage, by preventing the epithelium thickness decrease, and the neuropathy, by protecting the nNOS neurons. Taken together, the present data suggest that [Gly(2) ]GLP-2 could represent an effective strategy to overcome the distressing gastrointestinal symptoms present during the anti-neoplastic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Histology and Embryology Research Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - R Garella
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Physiological Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - E Idrizaj
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Physiological Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - L Calosi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Histology and Embryology Research Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - M C Baccari
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Physiological Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - M G Vannucchi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Histology and Embryology Research Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Kang X, Xiao HH, Song HQ, Jing XB, Yan LS, Qi RG. Advances in drug delivery system for platinum agents based combination therapy. Cancer Biol Med 2015; 12:362-74. [PMID: 26779373 PMCID: PMC4706518 DOI: 10.7497/j.issn.2095-3941.2015.0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Platinum-based anticancer agents are widely used as first-line drugs in cancer chemotherapy for various solid tumors. However, great side effects and occurrence of resistance remain as the major drawbacks for almost all the platinum drugs developed. To conquer these problems, new strategies should be adopted for platinum drug based chemotherapy. Modern nanotechnology has been widely employed in the delivery of various therapeutics and diagnostic. It provides the possibility of targeted delivery of a certain anticancer drug to the tumor site, which could minimize toxicity and optimize the drug efficacy. Here, in this review, we focused on the recent progress in polymer based drug delivery systems for platinum-based combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Kang
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China ; 2 State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China ; 3 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China ; 4 Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China ; 5 Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Hai-Hua Xiao
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China ; 2 State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China ; 3 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China ; 4 Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China ; 5 Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Hai-Qin Song
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China ; 2 State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China ; 3 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China ; 4 Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China ; 5 Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xia-Bin Jing
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China ; 2 State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China ; 3 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China ; 4 Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China ; 5 Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Le-San Yan
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China ; 2 State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China ; 3 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China ; 4 Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China ; 5 Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Ruo-Gu Qi
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China ; 2 State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China ; 3 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China ; 4 Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China ; 5 Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Shanghai 200025, China
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