51
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Puppala S, Li C, Glenn JP, Saxena R, Gawrieh S, Quinn A, Palarczyk J, Dick EJ, Nathanielsz PW, Cox LA. Primate fetal hepatic responses to maternal obesity: epigenetic signalling pathways and lipid accumulation. J Physiol 2018; 596:5823-5837. [PMID: 29516496 PMCID: PMC6265567 DOI: 10.1113/jp275422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Maternal obesity (MO) and exposure to a high-fat, high-simple-carbohydrate diet during pregnancy predisposes offspring to obesity, metabolic and cardiovascular disorders in later life. Underlying molecular pathways and potential epigenetic factors that are dysregulated in MO were identified using unbiased transcriptomic methods. There was increased lipid accumulation and severe steatosis in the MO baboon fetal liver suggesting that these offspring are on an early trajectory of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. ABSTRACT Maternal obesity (MO) increases offspring cardiometabolic disease risk. Altered fetal liver development in response to the challenge of MO has metabolic consequences underlying adverse offspring life-course health outcomes. Little is known about the molecular pathways and potential epigenetic changes regulating primate fetal liver responses to MO. We hypothesized that MO would induce fetal baboon liver epigenetic changes resulting in dysregulation of key metabolic pathways that impact lipid metabolism. MO was induced prior to pregnancy by a high-fat, high-fructose diet. Unbiased gene and microRNA (small RNA Seq) abundance analyses were performed on fetal baboon livers at 0.9 gestation and subjected to pathway analyses to identify fetal liver molecular responses to MO. Fetal baboon liver lipid and glycogen content were quantified by the Computer Assisted Stereology Toolbox. In response to MO, fetal livers revealed dysregulation of TCA cycle, proteasome, oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis and Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathways together with marked lipid accumulation supporting our hypothesis that multiple pathway dysregulation detrimentally impacts lipid management. This is the first study of MO programming of the non-human primate fetal liver using unbiased transcriptome analysis to detect changes in hepatic gene expression levels and identify potential microRNA epigenetic regulators of metabolic disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sobha Puppala
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest BaptistMedical CenterWinston‐SalemNCUSA
| | - Cun Li
- Department of Animal ScienceUniversity of WyomingLaramieWYUSA
| | - Jeremy P. Glenn
- Department of GeneticsTexas Biomedical Research InstituteSan AntonioTXUSA
| | - Romil Saxena
- Department of Pathology, Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
| | - Samer Gawrieh
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
| | - Amy Quinn
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of NeonatologyUniversity of Texas Health Science CenterSan AntonioTXUSA
| | - Jennifer Palarczyk
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of NeonatologyUniversity of Texas Health Science CenterSan AntonioTXUSA
| | - Edward J. Dick
- Southwest National Primate Research CenterTexas Biomedical Research InstituteSan AntonioTXUSA
| | - Peter W. Nathanielsz
- Department of Animal ScienceUniversity of WyomingLaramieWYUSA
- Department of GeneticsTexas Biomedical Research InstituteSan AntonioTXUSA
| | - Laura A. Cox
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest BaptistMedical CenterWinston‐SalemNCUSA
- Southwest National Primate Research CenterTexas Biomedical Research InstituteSan AntonioTXUSA
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52
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Jaeger A, Zollinger L, Saely CH, Muendlein A, Evangelakos I, Nasias D, Charizopoulou N, Schofield JD, Othman A, Soran H, Kardassis D, Drexel H, Eckardstein AV. Circulating microRNAs -192 and -194 are associated with the presence and incidence of diabetes mellitus. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14274. [PMID: 30250222 PMCID: PMC6155281 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32274-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
We sought to identify circulating microRNAs as biomarkers of prevalent or incident diabetes. In a pilot study of 18 sex- and age-matched patients with metabolic syndrome, nine of whom developed diabetes during 6 years of follow-up, an array of 372 microRNAs discovered significantly elevated serum levels of microRNAs -122, -192, -194, and -215 in patients who developed diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM). In two cross-sectional validation studies, one encompassing sex- and age-matched groups of patients with T2DM, impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and euglycemic controls (n = 43 each) and the other 53 patients with type 1 diabetes and 54 age- and BMI-matched euglycemic controls, serum levels of miR-192, miR-194, and mi215 were significantly higher in diabetic subjects than in probands with euglycemia or IFG. In a longitudinal study of 213 initially diabetes-free patients of whom 35 developed diabetes during 6 years of follow-up, elevated serum levels of microRNAs 192 and 194 were associated with incident T2DM, independently of fasting glucose, HbA1c and other risk factors. Serum levels of miR-192 and miR-194 were also elevated in diabetic Akt2 knockout mice compared to wild type mice. In conclusion, circulating microRNAs -192 and -194 are potential biomarkers for risk of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Jaeger
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Centre for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Zollinger
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Centre for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph H Saely
- Vorarlberg Institute for Vascular Investigation and Treatment (VIVIT), Feldkirch, Austria
- Department of Medicine and Cardiology, Academic Teaching Hospital Feldkirch, Feldkirch, Austria
- Private University of the Principality of Liechtenstein, Triesen, Liechtenstein
| | - Axel Muendlein
- Vorarlberg Institute for Vascular Investigation and Treatment (VIVIT), Feldkirch, Austria
- Department of Medicine and Cardiology, Academic Teaching Hospital Feldkirch, Feldkirch, Austria
- Private University of the Principality of Liechtenstein, Triesen, Liechtenstein
| | - Ioannis Evangelakos
- University of Crete Medical School and Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology-FORTH, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Dimitris Nasias
- University of Crete Medical School and Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology-FORTH, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Nikoleta Charizopoulou
- University of Crete Medical School and Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology-FORTH, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Jonathan D Schofield
- Cardiovascular Trials Unit, The Old St Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Alaa Othman
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Centre for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Handrean Soran
- Cardiovascular Trials Unit, The Old St Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Dimitris Kardassis
- University of Crete Medical School and Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology-FORTH, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Heinz Drexel
- Vorarlberg Institute for Vascular Investigation and Treatment (VIVIT), Feldkirch, Austria
- Department of Medicine and Cardiology, Academic Teaching Hospital Feldkirch, Feldkirch, Austria
- Private University of the Principality of Liechtenstein, Triesen, Liechtenstein
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Arnold von Eckardstein
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Centre for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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53
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Gao X, Zhao P, Hu J, Zhu H, Zhang J, Zhou Z, Zhao J, Tang F. MicroRNA-194 protects against chronic hepatitis B-related liver damage by promoting hepatocyte growth via ACVR2B. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:4534-4544. [PMID: 30044042 PMCID: PMC6111826 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent infection with the hepatitis B virus leads to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in a variety of biological processes; however, the role of miRNAs in chronic hepatitis B (CHB)‐induced liver damage remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated the role of miRNAs in CHB‐related liver damage. Microarray analysis of the expression of miRNAs in 22 CHB patients and 33 healthy individuals identified miR‐194 as one of six differentially expressed miRNAs. miR‐194 was up‐regulated in correlation with increased liver damage in the plasma or liver tissues of CHB patients. In mice subjected to 2/3 partial hepatectomy, miR‐194 was up‐regulated in liver tissues in correlation with hepatocyte growth and in parallel with the down‐regulation of the activin receptor ACVR2B. Overexpression of miR‐194 in human liver HL7702 cells down‐regulated ACVR2B mRNA and protein expression, promoted cell proliferation, acceleratedG1 to S cell cycle transition, and inhibited apoptosis, whereas knockdown of miR‐194 had the opposite effects. Luciferase reporter assays confirmed that ACVR2B is a direct target of miR‐194, and overexpression of ACVR2B significantly repressed cell proliferation and G1 to S phase transition and induced cell apoptosis. ACVR2B overexpression abolished the effect of miR‐194, indicating that miR‐194 promotes hepatocyte proliferation and inhibits apoptosis by down‐regulating ACVR2B. Taken together, these results indicate that miR‐194 plays a crucial role in hepatocyte proliferation and liver regeneration by targeting ACVR2B and may represent a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of CHB‐related liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Gao
- Department of Pathology, 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Pan Zhao
- Clinical Trial Center, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Hu
- Liver Surgery Department, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Liver Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongguang Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pathology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiming Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongwen Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingmin Zhao
- Department of Pathology, 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Tang
- Department of Pathology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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54
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Yi S, Qin X, Luo X, Zhang Y, Liu Z, Zhu L. Identification of miRNAs associated with the mechanical response of hepatic stellate cells by miRNA microarray analysis. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:1707-1714. [PMID: 30186391 PMCID: PMC6122293 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been suggested that hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) could be used in the regulation of liver microcirculation and portal hypertension. The effects of tensile strain on the microRNA (miRNA) profile of HSCs are largely unknown. In this study, we aimed to explore the changes of miRNA expression in tensile strain-treated HSCs. The purity and activation of HSCs were determined by immunofluorescence staining with antibody against desmin and a-SMA, respectively. miRNA profile analysis was performed on HSCs with and without tensile strain treatment (n=3) using microarray analysis. We identified 6 significantly differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs), including 1 downregulated (rno-miR-125b-2-3p) and 5 upregulated (rno-miR-1224, rho-miR-188-5p, rho-miR-211-3p, rho-miR-3584-5p and rho-miR-466b-5p), which were validated by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) experiments. Further analysis of the DEMs revealed that many important biological processes and signal pathways were triggered in tensile strain-treated HSCs. These include the signal transduction mechanisms associated with protein binding, apoptosis, proliferation, and the FoxO and Wnt signaling pathways. In conclusion, this study presents the specific DEMs in tensile strain-treated HSCs. Our study provide novel miRNA-based information that may enhance our understanding of the pathophysiological processes leading to portal hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhong Yi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Xinyu People's Hospital, Xinyu, Jiangxi 338000, P.R. China
| | - Xia Qin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China.,Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Xu Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
| | - Zhijun Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinyu People's Hospital, Xinyu, Jiangxi 338000, P.R. China
| | - Liang Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
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55
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Farhadihosseinabadi B, Farahani M, Tayebi T, Jafari A, Biniazan F, Modaresifar K, Moravvej H, Bahrami S, Redl H, Tayebi L, Niknejad H. Amniotic membrane and its epithelial and mesenchymal stem cells as an appropriate source for skin tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 46:431-440. [PMID: 29687742 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2018.1458730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
One of the main goals of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine is to develop skin substitutes for treating deep dermal and full thickness wounds. In this regard, both scaffold and cell source have a fundamental role to achieve exactly the same histological and physiological analog of skin. Amnion epithelial and mesenchymal cells possess the characteristics of pluripotent stem cells which have the capability to differentiate into all three germ layers and can be obtained without any ethical concern. Amniotic cells also produce different growth factors, angio-modulatory cytokines, anti-bacterial peptides and a wide range of anti-inflammatory agents which eventually cause acceleration in wound healing. In addition, amniotic membrane matrix exhibits characteristics of an ideal scaffold and skin substitute through various types of extracellular proteins such as collagens, laminins and fibronectins which serve as an anchor for cell attachment and proliferation, a bed for cell delivery and a reservoir of drugs and growth factors involved in wound healing process. Recently, isolation of amniotic cells exosomes, surface modification and cross-linking approaches, construction of amnion based nanocomposites and impregnation of amnion with nanoparticles, construction of amnion hydrogel and micronizing process promoted its properties for tissue engineering. In this manuscript, the recent progress was reviewed which approve that amnion-derived cells and matrix have potential to be involved in skin substitutes; an enriched cell containing scaffold which has a great capability to be translated into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrouz Farhadihosseinabadi
- a Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Mehrdad Farahani
- a Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Tahereh Tayebi
- a Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Ameneh Jafari
- a Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,b Department of Basic Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Felor Biniazan
- a Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Khashayar Modaresifar
- c Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering , Amirkabir University of Technology , Tehran , Iran
| | - Hamideh Moravvej
- d Skin Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Soheyl Bahrami
- e Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in AUVA Research Center , Vienna , Austria
| | - Heinz Redl
- e Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in AUVA Research Center , Vienna , Austria
| | - Lobat Tayebi
- f Department of Developmental Sciences , Marquette University School of Dentistry , Milwaukee , WI , USA
| | - Hassan Niknejad
- a Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
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56
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Zhu D, Lyu L, Shen P, Wang J, Chen J, Sun X, Chen L, Zhang L, Zhou Q, Duan Y. rSjP40 protein promotes PPARγ expression in LX-2 cells through microRNA-27b. FASEB J 2018; 32:4798-4803. [PMID: 29608331 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700520rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
miR-27b is reported to participate in the proliferation and differentiation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and to regulate fat metabolism of rat HSCs by targeting retinoid X receptor α. Our previous study also indicated that the recombinant P40 protein from Schistosoma japonicum (rSjP40) inhibited the activation of HSCs. In this study, we observed the expression of miR-27b in rSjP40-treated LX-2 cells and explored its potential mechanisms. Quantitative real-time PCR showed that rSjP40 inhibits the expression of miR-27b in LX-2 cells. Further results obtained by Western blot and dual-luciferase reporter assay confirmed that miR-27b regulates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) expression in rSjP40-treated LX-2 cells by targeting the 3'-UTR of PPARγ. 5-AZA-2'-deoxycytidine (5-AZA-dC), which inhibits methylation of HSCs, partially reversed rSjP40-induced down-regulation expression of miR-27b in LX-2 cells. 5-AZA-dC also partially reversed rSjP40-induced up-regulation expression of PPARγ in LX-2 cells. The increased expression of PPARγ in rSjP40-treated LX-2 cells may be partially due to miR-27b methylation. Therefore, our study provides further insight into the mechanism by which rSjP40 inhibits HSC activation and provides a basis for future study of the blocking effect of rSjP40 in liver fibrosis.-Zhu, D., Lyu, L., Shen, P., Wang, J., Chen, J., Sun, X., Chen, L., Zhang, L., Zhou, Q., Duan, Y. rSjP40 protein promotes PPARγ expression in LX-2 cells through microRNA-27b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Zhu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Lei Lyu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Nanjing Red Cross Blood Center, Nanjing, China; and
| | - Pei Shen
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jianxin Wang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jinling Chen
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiaolei Sun
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Liuting Chen
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yinong Duan
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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57
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Kim KM, Han CY, Kim JY, Cho SS, Kim YS, Koo JH, Lee JM, Lim SC, Kang KW, Kim JS, Hwang SJ, Ki SH, Kim SG. Gα 12 overexpression induced by miR-16 dysregulation contributes to liver fibrosis by promoting autophagy in hepatic stellate cells. J Hepatol 2018; 68:493-504. [PMID: 29080810 PMCID: PMC5818314 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) have a role in liver fibrosis. Guanine nucleotide-binding α-subunit 12 (Gα12) converges signals from G-protein-coupled receptors whose ligand levels are elevated in the environment during liver fibrosis; however, information is lacking on the effect of Gα12 on HSC trans-differentiation. This study investigated the expression of Gα12 in HSCs and the molecular basis of the effects of its expression on liver fibrosis. METHODS Gα12 expression was assessed by immunostaining, and immunoblot analyses of mouse fibrotic liver tissues and primary HSCs. The role of Gα12 in liver fibrosis was estimated using a toxicant injury mouse model with Gα12 gene knockout and/or HSC-specific Gα12 delivery using lentiviral vectors, in addition to primary HSCs and LX-2 cells using microRNA (miR) inhibitors, overexpression vectors, or adenoviruses. miR-16, Gα12, and LC3 were also examined in samples from patients with fibrosis. RESULTS Gα12 was overexpressed in activated HSCs and fibrotic liver, and was colocalised with desmin. In a carbon tetrachloride-induced fibrosis mouse model, Gα12 ablation prevented increases in fibrosis and liver injury. This effect was attenuated by HSC-specific lentiviral delivery of Gα12. Moreover, Gα12 activation promoted autophagy accompanying c-Jun N-terminal kinase-dependent ATG12-5 conjugation. In addition, miR-16 was found to be a direct inhibitor of the de novo synthesis of Gα12. Modulations of miR-16 altered autophagy in HSCs. In a fibrosis animal model or patients with severe fibrosis, miR-16 levels were lower than in their corresponding controls. Consistently, cirrhotic patient liver tissues showed Gα12 and LC3 upregulation in desmin-positive areas. CONCLUSIONS miR-16 dysregulation in HSCs results in Gα12 overexpression, which activates HSCs by facilitating autophagy through ATG12-5 formation. This suggests that Gα12 and its regulatory molecules could serve as targets for the amelioration of liver fibrosis. LAY SUMMARY Guanine nucleotide-binding α-subunit 12 (Gα12) is upregulated in activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) as a consequence of the dysregulation of a specific microRNA that is abundant in HSCs, facilitating the progression of liver fibrosis. This event is mediated by c-Jun N-terminal kinase-dependent ATG12-5 formation and the promotion of autophagy. We suggest that Gα12 and its associated regulators could serve as new targets in HSCs for the treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Min Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Yeob Han
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Sam Seok Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Seok Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja Hyun Koo
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Min Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Chul Lim
- College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Keon Wook Kang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Kim
- Departments of Surgery University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Se Jin Hwang
- College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hwan Ki
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Geon Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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58
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Wang F, Li L, Piontek K, Sakaguchi M, Selaru FM. Exosome miR-335 as a novel therapeutic strategy in hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology 2018; 67:940-954. [PMID: 29023935 PMCID: PMC5826829 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common and deadly cancer. Most cases of HCC arise in a cirrhotic/fibrotic liver, indicating that environment may play a paramount role in cancer genesis. Previous studies from our group and others have shown that, in desmoplastic cancers, there is a rich intercellular communication between activated, cancer-associated fibroblasts and cancer cells. Moreover, extracellular vesicles (EVs), or exosomes, have been identified as an important arm of this intercellular communication platform. Finally, these studies have shown that EVs can carry microRNA (miR) species in vivo and deliver them to desmoplastic cancers. The precise role played by activated liver fibroblasts/stellate cells in HCC development is insufficiently known. Based on previous studies, it appears plausible that activated fibroblasts produce signals carried by EVs that promote HCC genesis. In the current study, we first hypothesized and then demonstrated that stellate cell-derived EVs 1) can be loaded with an miR species of choice (miR-335-5p); 2) are taken up by HCC cells in vitro and more importantly in vivo; 3) can supply the miR-335-5p cargo to recipient HCC cells in vitro as well as in vivo; and 4) inhibit HCC cell proliferation and invasion in vitro as well as induce HCC tumor shrinkage in vivo. Finally, we identified messenger RNA targets for miR-335 that are down-regulated after treatment with EV-miR-335-5p. This study informs potential therapeutic strategies in HCC, whereby stellate cell-derived EVs are loaded with therapeutic nucleic acids and delivered in vivo. (Hepatology 2018;67:940-954).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ling Li
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Klaus Piontek
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Masazumi Sakaguchi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Florin M. Selaru
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- The Institute for Nanobiotechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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59
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Tao R, Fan XX, Yu HJ, Ai G, Zhang HY, Kong HY, Song QQ, Huang Y, Huang JQ, Ning Q. MicroRNA-29b-3p prevents Schistosoma japonicum-induced liver fibrosis by targeting COL1A1 and COL3A1. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:3199-3209. [PMID: 29091295 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is one of the world's major public health problems in terms of morbidity and mortality, causing granulomatous inflammation and cumulative fibrosis. This study explored in vivo and vitro effects of miR-29b-3p in granulomatous liver fibrosis by targeting COL1A1 and COL3A1 in Schistosoma japonicum infection. Thirty male Balb/c mice were assigned to normal control and model (percutaneous infection of cercariae of S. japonicum) groups. NIH-3T3 mouse embryonic fibroblasts were designated into blank, NC, miR-29b-3p mimic, TGF-β1, TGF-β1 + NC, and TGF-β1 + miR-29b-3p mimic groups. HE and Masson staining were employed to observe the pathological changes and collagenous fibrosis. The expression of α-SMA, COL1A1, COL3A1, TIMP-1 was determined by immunohistochemistry. The RT-qPCR, Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining were conducted to determine expression of miR-29b-3p, COL1A1, and COL3A1. CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry were performed to evaluate viability and apoptosis. The relative expression of miR-29b-3p decreased in the model group. The model group showed marked fibrosis in liver tissues. The expression of α-SMA, COL1A1, COL3A1, TIMP-1 was higher in the model group than that in the normal control group. Dual luciferase reporter gene assay revealed that miR-29b-3p directly targeted COL1A1 and COL3A1. Compared with the blank, NC, TGF-β1 and TGF-β1 + NC groups, the miR-29b-3p mimic group exhibited up-regulated expression of miR-29b-3p and MMP-9 but down-regulated expression of TIMP-1, HSP47, α-SMA, COL1A1, and COL3A1; while lower cell viability but higher apoptosis rate showed. It indicated that miR-29b-3p prevents S. japonicum-induced liver fibrosis by inhibiting COL1A1 and COL3A1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Tao
- Department of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Xiang-Xue Fan
- Department of Infectious Disease, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Jing Yu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Guo Ai
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Yue Zhang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Yan Kong
- Department of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Qi-Qin Song
- Department of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Quan Huang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Qin Ning
- Department of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
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60
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Tan JL, Lau SN, Leaw B, Nguyen HPT, Salamonsen LA, Saad MI, Chan ST, Zhu D, Krause M, Kim C, Sievert W, Wallace EM, Lim R. Amnion Epithelial Cell-Derived Exosomes Restrict Lung Injury and Enhance Endogenous Lung Repair. Stem Cells Transl Med 2018; 7:180-196. [PMID: 29297621 PMCID: PMC5788876 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.17-0185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by chronic inflammation, severe scarring, and stem cell senescence. Stem cell‐based therapies modulate inflammatory and fibrogenic pathways by release of soluble factors. Stem cell‐derived extracellular vesicles should be explored as a potential therapy for IPF. Human amnion epithelial cell‐derived exosomes (hAEC Exo) were isolated and compared against human lung fibroblasts exosomes. hAEC Exo were assessed as a potential therapy for lung fibrosis. Exosomes were isolated and evaluated for their protein and miRNA cargo. Direct effects of hAEC Exo on immune cell function, including macrophage polarization, phagocytosis, neutrophil myeloperoxidase activity and T cell proliferation and uptake, were measured. Their impact on immune response, histological outcomes, and bronchioalveolar stem cell (BASC) response was assessed in vivo following bleomycin challenge in young and aged mice. hAEC Exo carry protein cargo enriched for MAPK signaling pathways, apoptotic and developmental biology pathways and miRNA enriched for PI3K‐Akt, Ras, Hippo, TGFβ, and focal adhesion pathways. hAEC Exo polarized and increased macrophage phagocytosis, reduced neutrophil myeloperoxidases, and suppressed T cell proliferation directly. Intranasal instillation of 10 μg hAEC Exo 1 day following bleomycin challenge reduced lung inflammation, while treatment at day 7 improved tissue‐to‐airspace ratio and reduced fibrosis. Administration of hAEC Exo coincided with the proliferation of BASC. These effects were reproducible in bleomycin‐challenged aged mice. The paracrine effects of hAECs can be largely attributed to their exosomes and exploitation of hAEC Exo as a therapy for IPF should be explored further. Stem Cells Translational Medicine2018;7:180–196
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean L Tan
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sin N Lau
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bryan Leaw
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hong P T Nguyen
- Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lois A Salamonsen
- Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mohamed I Saad
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Siow T Chan
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dandan Zhu
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mirja Krause
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Carla Kim
- Stem Cell Program, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - William Sievert
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Euan M Wallace
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rebecca Lim
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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61
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Zhuge B, Li G. MiR-150 deficiency ameliorated hepatosteatosis and insulin resistance in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease via targeting CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 494:687-692. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.10.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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62
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Role of circulatory microRNAs in the pathogenesis of hepatitis C virus. Virusdisease 2017; 28:360-367. [PMID: 29291226 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-017-0407-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is associated with one of the major health problem in world that ultimate results in the liver cirrhosis and leads to carcinoma of hepatocellular components round the world. More than 185 million people were found to be infected with HCV. MicroRNAs are small oligonucleotide RNA having 18-22 nucleotides. Circulating mi-RNAs regulate the replication of HCV and HCV-induced liver fibrosis and HCC. By comparing the expression profiles of mi-RNAs of normal individuals with HCV infected patients, aberrant changes in expression of different mi-RNAs have been observed so it can be predicted that these mi-RNAs are associated with and play a central role in the hepatitis C infection and diseases associated with it. This review demonstrates the major role of circulatory microRNAs in the HCV and HCV associated ailments.
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MicroRNA-194 inhibition improves dietary-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice through targeting on FXR. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:3087-3094. [PMID: 28951211 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects obesity-associated metabolic syndrome, which exhibits hepatic steatosis, insulin insensitivity and glucose intolerance. Previous studies indicated that hepatic microRNAs (miRs) play critical roles in the development of NAFLD. In this study, we aim to explore the pathophysiological role of miR-194 in obesity-mediated metabolic dysfunction. Our findings show that the high fat diet or palmitic acid treatment significantly increase hepatic miR-194 levels in vivo and in vitro. Silence of miR-194 protects palmitic acid-induced inflammatory response in cultured hepatocytes, and attenuates structural disorders, lipid deposits and inflammatory response in fatty liver. MiR-194 inhibitor also improves glucose and insulin intolerance in obese mice. Through dual luciferase assay, we demonstrate that miR-194 directly binds to FXR/Nr1h4 3'-UTR, and inhibits gene expression of FXR/Nr1h4. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-194 downregulates FXR/Nr1h4 in cultured hepatocytes, but miR-194 inhibitor reversely increases FXR/Nr1h4 expression in obese mouse liver tissues. On the contrast, silence of FXR/Nr1h4 abolishes the hepatic benefits in obese mice treated with miR-194 inhibitor. Present study provides a novel finding that suppression of miR-194 attenuates dietary-induced NAFLD via upregulation of FXR/Nr1h4. The findings suggest miR-194/FXR are potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for NAFLD.
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de Oliveira da Silva B, Ramos LF, Moraes KCM. Molecular interplays in hepatic stellate cells: apoptosis, senescence, and phenotype reversion as cellular connections that modulate liver fibrosis. Cell Biol Int 2017; 41:946-959. [PMID: 28498509 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a pathophysiological process correlated with intense repair and cicatrization mechanisms in injured liver, and over the past few years, the characterization of the fine-tuning of molecular interconnections that support the development of liver fibrosis has been investigated. In this cellular process, the hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) support the organ fibrogenesis. The HSCs are found in two distinct morpho-physiological states: quiescent and activated. In normal liver, most HSCs are found in quiescent state, presenting a considerable amount of lipid droplets in the cytoplasm, while in injured liver, the activated phenotype of HSCs is a myofibroblast, that secrete extracellular matrix elements and contribute to the establishment of the fibrotic process. Studies on the molecular mechanisms by which HSCs try to restore their quiescent state have been performed; however, no effective treatment to reverse fibrosis has been so far prescribed. Therefore, the elucidation of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of apoptosis, senescence, and the cell reversion phenotype process from activate to quiescent state will certainly contribute to the development of effective therapies to treat hepatic fibrosis. In this context, this review aimed to address central elements of apoptosis, senescence, and reversal of HSC phenotype in the control of hepatic fibrogenesis, as a guide to future development of therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda de Oliveira da Silva
- Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Molecular Biology Laboratory, Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho"-Campus Rio Claro, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Letícia Ferrreira Ramos
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho"-Campus Rio Claro, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karen C M Moraes
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho"-Campus Rio Claro, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
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Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis is a dynamic process characterized by the net accumulation of extracellular matrix resulting from chronic liver injury of any aetiology, including viral infection, alcoholic liver disease and NASH. Activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) - transdifferentiation of quiescent, vitamin-A-storing cells into proliferative, fibrogenic myofibroblasts - is now well established as a central driver of fibrosis in experimental and human liver injury. Yet, the continued discovery of novel pathways and mediators, including autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, retinol and cholesterol metabolism, epigenetics and receptor-mediated signals, reveals the complexity of HSC activation. Extracellular signals from resident and inflammatory cells including macrophages, hepatocytes, liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, natural killer cells, natural killer T cells, platelets and B cells further modulate HSC activation. Finally, pathways of HSC clearance have been greatly clarified, and include apoptosis, senescence and reversion to an inactivated state. Collectively, these findings reinforce the remarkable complexity and plasticity of HSC activation, and underscore the value of clarifying its regulation in hopes of advancing the development of novel diagnostics and therapies for liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Tsuchida
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, Box 1123, New York, New York 10029, USA.,Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, 2-2-50, Kawagishi, Toda-shi, Saitama 335-8505, Japan
| | - Scott L Friedman
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, Box 1123, New York, New York 10029, USA
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66
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Schoepp M, Ströse AJ, Haier J. Dysregulation of miRNA Expression in Cancer Associated Fibroblasts (CAFs) and Its Consequences on the Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9060054. [PMID: 28538690 PMCID: PMC5483873 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9060054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment, including cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF), has developed as an important target for understanding tumor progression, clinical prognosis and treatment responses of cancer. Cancer cells appear to transform normal fibroblasts (NF) into CAFs involving direct cell-cell communication and epigenetic regulations. This review summarizes the current understanding on miR involvement in cancer cell—tumor environment/stroma communication, transformation of NFs into CAFs, their involved targets and signaling pathways in these interactions; and clinical relevance of CAF-related miR expression profiles. There is evidence that miRs have very similar roles in activating hepatic (HSC) and pancreatic stellate cells (PSC) as part of precancerous fibrotic diseases. In summary, deregulated miRs affect various intracellular functional complexes, such as transcriptional factors, extracellular matrix, cytoskeleton, EMT/MET regulation, soluble factors, tyrosine kinase and G-protein signaling, apoptosis and cell cycle & differentiation, but also formation and composition of the extracellular microenvironment. These processes result in the clinical appearance of desmoplasia involving CAFs and fibrosis characterized by deregulated stellate cells. In addition, modulated release of soluble factors can act as (auto)activating feedback loop for transition of NFs into their pathological counterparts. Furthermore, epigenetic communication between CAFs and cancer cells may confer to cancer specific functional readouts and transition of NF. MiR related epigenetic regulation with many similarities should be considered as key factor in development of cancer and fibrosis specific environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren Schoepp
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Münster (CCCM), University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Anda Jana Ströse
- Nordakademie University of Applied Sciences, Köllner Chaussee 11, 25337 Elmshorn, Germany.
| | - Jörg Haier
- Nordakademie University of Applied Sciences, Köllner Chaussee 11, 25337 Elmshorn, Germany.
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67
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Khanizadeh S, Ravanshad M, Hosseini SY, Davoodian P, Almasian M, Khanlari Z. The effect of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3 protein on the expression of miR-150, miR-199a, miR-335, miR-194 and miR-27a. Microb Pathog 2017; 110:688-693. [PMID: 28286290 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is considered one of the most important causes of chronic liver diseases. Many reports have shown that the proteins of the HCV via interactions with gene expression regulatory networks such as cellular pathways and microRNAs can contribute to the development of chronic liver diseases. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of the HCV NS3 protein on the expression of miR-150 miR-199a, miR-335, miR-194, miR-27a in a cell culture model. Plasmids expressing the full length of the HCV NS3 protein were transfected into the LX-2 cell line, while at the same time a plasmid expressing empty GFP (green fluorescent protein) was used as a negative control group. Subsequently, total RNA was extracted and real-time PCR was performed to measure microRNA expression levels. Additionally, the trypan blue exclusion test was performed to examine the effect of the expressing NS3 protein plasmid on cellular viability. The analysis of microRNA gene expression in LX-2 cells indicated that the NS3 protein, which is endogenous to HCV, can significantly upregulate the expression of miR-27a and downregulate the expression of miR-335 and miR-150 in comparison with the control plasmid expressing GFP and normal cells (p < 0.01). These results suggest that the HCV NS3 protein may play a role in the pathogenesis of chronic hepatic diseases such as liver fibrosis via interaction with cellular microRNAs and modulation of microRNA gene expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayyad Khanizadeh
- Hepatitis Research Center and Department of Microbiology and Virology, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran; School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
| | - Mehrdad Ravanshad
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Younes Hosseini
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Parivash Davoodian
- Infectious & Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Mohammad Almasian
- Department of the English Language, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Zahra Khanlari
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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68
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Lambrecht J, Jan Poortmans P, Verhulst S, Reynaert H, Mannaerts I, van Grunsven LA. Circulating ECV-Associated miRNAs as Potential Clinical Biomarkers in Early Stage HBV and HCV Induced Liver Fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:56. [PMID: 28232800 PMCID: PMC5298975 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Chronic hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) virus infection is associated with the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) toward a myofibroblastic phenotype, resulting in excessive deposition of extracellular matrix, the development of liver fibrosis, and its progression toward cirrhosis. The gold standard for the detection and staging of liver fibrosis remains the liver biopsy, which is, however, associated with some mild and severe drawbacks. Other non-invasive techniques evade these drawbacks, but lack inter-stage specificity and are unable to detect early stages of fibrosis. We investigated whether circulating vesicle-associated miRNAs can be used in the diagnosis and staging of liver fibrosis in HBV and HCV patients. Methods: Plasma samples were obtained from 14 healthy individuals and 39 early stage fibrotic patients (F0–F2) with chronic HBV or HCV infection who underwent transient elastography (Fibroscan). Extracellular vesicles were extracted from the plasma and the level of miRNA-122, -150, -192, -21, -200b, and -92a was analyzed by qRT-PCR in total plasma and circulating vesicles. Finally, these same miRNAs were also quantified in vesicles extracted from in vitro activating primary HSCs. Results: In total plasma samples, only miRNA-200b (HBV: p = 0.0384; HCV: p = 0.0069) and miRNA-122 (HBV: p < 0.0001; HCV: p = 0.0007) were significantly up-regulated during early fibrosis. In circulating vesicles, miRNA-192 (HBV: p < 0.0001; HCV: p < 0.0001), -200b (HBV: p < 0.0001; HCV: p < 0.0001), -92a (HBV: p < 0.0001; HCV: p < 0.0001), and -150 (HBV: p = 0.0016; HCV: p = 0.004) displayed a significant down-regulation in both HBV and HCV patients. MiRNA expression profiles in vesicles isolated from in vitro activating primary mouse HSCs resembled the miRNA expression profile in circulating vesicles. Conclusion: Our analysis revealed a distinct miRNA expression pattern in total plasma and its circulating vesicles. The expression profile of miRNAs in circulating vesicles of fibrotic patients suggests the potential use of these vesicle-associated miRNAs as markers for early stages of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joeri Lambrecht
- Liver Cell Biology Lab, Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pieter Jan Poortmans
- Liver Cell Biology Lab, Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stefaan Verhulst
- Liver Cell Biology Lab, Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hendrik Reynaert
- Liver Cell Biology Lab, Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit BrusselBrussels, Belgium; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Universitair Ziekenhuis BrusselBrussels, Belgium
| | - Inge Mannaerts
- Liver Cell Biology Lab, Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel Brussels, Belgium
| | - Leo A van Grunsven
- Liver Cell Biology Lab, Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel Brussels, Belgium
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69
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Chen R, Wu JC, Liu T, Qu Y, Lu LG, Xu MY. MicroRNA profile analysis in the liver fibrotic tissues of chronic hepatitis B patients. J Dig Dis 2017; 18:115-124. [PMID: 28127890 DOI: 10.1111/1751-2980.12452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to identify the features of microRNA (miRNA) at different fibrotic stages in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related liver fibrosis. METHODS Liver tissues were collected from 40 chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients at fibrotic stages S0-4. Microarrays of miRNAs and genomic informatics analysis were performed. RESULTS In total, 105 miRNAs were differentially expressed in fibrotic tissues (S1-4 groups) compared with no fibrotic tissues (S0 group; P < 0.05). Combined with three classifications, 17 differential miRNAs were found to be closely related to fibrotic stages (over twofold change and P < 0.05). Five miRNAs had a signature that correlated with serum biochemical parameters and liver inflammatory grades. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed that six miRNAs performed excellently in the diagnosis of liver fibrosis, with the area under the ROC curve (AUROC) over 0.8; among them hsa-miR-214-3p had the highest AUROC (0.867). Gene ontology functions of differential miRNAs mainly involved in the cellular and developmental processes, localization, biological regulation, binding, transcriptional regulator and organelle. We also found that 23 novel signaling pathways were dysregulated in the liver fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS MiRNA profile signature, including 17 differential miRNAs and 23 dysregulated signaling pathways, was associated with liver fibrosis. Hepatic inflammatory grades were correlated with the differential miRNA. Some miRNAs can be used for the diagnosis of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Cheng Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Qu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lun Gen Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Yi Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Xu S, Zhang B, Zhu Y, Huang H, Yang W, Huang H, Zheng HL, Liu X. miR-194 functions as a novel modulator of cellular senescence in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Cell Biol Int 2017; 41:249-257. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shun Xu
- Institute of Aging Research; Guangdong Medical University; Xin Cheng Avenue 1#, Songshan Lake Guangdong 523808 P.R. China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics; Guangdong Medical University; Guangdong 523808 China
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Guangdong Medical University; Zhanjiang P.R. China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Institute of Aging Research; Guangdong Medical University; Xin Cheng Avenue 1#, Songshan Lake Guangdong 523808 P.R. China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics; Guangdong Medical University; Guangdong 523808 China
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Guangdong Medical University; Zhanjiang P.R. China
| | - Yanmei Zhu
- Institute of Aging Research; Guangdong Medical University; Xin Cheng Avenue 1#, Songshan Lake Guangdong 523808 P.R. China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics; Guangdong Medical University; Guangdong 523808 China
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Guangdong Medical University; Zhanjiang P.R. China
| | - Haijiao Huang
- Institute of Aging Research; Guangdong Medical University; Xin Cheng Avenue 1#, Songshan Lake Guangdong 523808 P.R. China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics; Guangdong Medical University; Guangdong 523808 China
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Guangdong Medical University; Zhanjiang P.R. China
| | - Wenping Yang
- Institute of Aging Research; Guangdong Medical University; Xin Cheng Avenue 1#, Songshan Lake Guangdong 523808 P.R. China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics; Guangdong Medical University; Guangdong 523808 China
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Guangdong Medical University; Zhanjiang P.R. China
| | - Haiyong Huang
- Institute of Aging Research; Guangdong Medical University; Xin Cheng Avenue 1#, Songshan Lake Guangdong 523808 P.R. China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics; Guangdong Medical University; Guangdong 523808 China
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Guangdong Medical University; Zhanjiang P.R. China
| | - Hui-ling Zheng
- Institute of Aging Research; Guangdong Medical University; Xin Cheng Avenue 1#, Songshan Lake Guangdong 523808 P.R. China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics; Guangdong Medical University; Guangdong 523808 China
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Guangdong Medical University; Zhanjiang P.R. China
| | - Xinguang Liu
- Institute of Aging Research; Guangdong Medical University; Xin Cheng Avenue 1#, Songshan Lake Guangdong 523808 P.R. China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics; Guangdong Medical University; Guangdong 523808 China
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Guangdong Medical University; Zhanjiang P.R. China
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Davoodian P, Ravanshad M, Hosseini SY, Khanizadeh S, Almasian M, Nejati Zadeh A, Esmaiili Lashgarian H. Effect of TGF-β/smad signaling pathway blocking on expression profiles of miR-335, miR-150, miR-194, miR-27a, and miR-199a of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY FROM BED TO BENCH 2017; 10:112-117. [PMID: 28702135 PMCID: PMC5495898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to determine the effect of inhibition of TGF-β/smad signaling on the expression profiles of miR-335, miR-150, miR-194, miR-27a, miR-199a of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). BACKGROUND Liver fibrosis is excessive deposition of extracellular matrix proteins due to ongoing inflammation and HSC activation that occurs in most types of chronic liver diseases. Recent studies have shown the importance of microRNAs in the pathogenesis of chronic liver diseases. METHODS In this study, for inhibition of TGF-β smad-signaling pathway, expressing Smad4 shRNA plasmids were transfected into HSCs. Subsequently, using Real Time-PCR, we measured the expression levels of miR-335, miR-150, miR-194, miR-27a and miR-199a. RESULTS Gene expression analysis showed that downregulation of Smad4 by vector Smad4shRNA significantly increased the expression levels of miR-335 (P<0.01) and miR-150 (P<0.001) and decreased the expression level of miR-27a (P<0.05). CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that blocking TGF-β smad-signaling can also differentially modulate microRNA expression in support of activation and fibrogenesis of HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parivash Davoodian
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Ravanshad
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Younes Hosseini
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sayyad Khanizadeh
- Hepatitis Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran,School of medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Almasian
- School of medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Azim Nejati Zadeh
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
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72
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Chen JQ, Papp G, Szodoray P, Zeher M. The role of microRNAs in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Autoimmun Rev 2016; 15:1171-1180. [PMID: 27639156 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are single-stranded, endogenous non-coding small RNAs, ranging from 18 to 25 nucleotides in length. Growing evidence suggests that miRNAs are essential in regulating gene expression, cell development, differentiation and function. Autoimmune diseases are a family of chronic systemic inflammatory diseases. Recent findings on miRNA expression profiles have been suggesting their role as biomarkers in autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis and Sjögren's syndrome. In this review, we summarize the characteristics of miRNAs and their functional role in the immune system and autoimmune diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus, primary Sjögren's syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic sclerosis, multiple sclerosis and psoriasis; moreover, we depict the advantages of miRNAs in modern diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Qing Chen
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Móricz Zs. str. 22, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gábor Papp
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Móricz Zs. str. 22, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Péter Szodoray
- Centre for Immune Regulation, Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Margit Zeher
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Móricz Zs. str. 22, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
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Isolation and characterization of vesicular and non-vesicular microRNAs circulating in sera of partially hepatectomized rats. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31869. [PMID: 27535708 PMCID: PMC4989158 DOI: 10.1038/srep31869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating microRNAs are protected from degradation by their association with either vesicles or components of the RNAi machinery. Although increasing evidence indicates that cell-free microRNAs are transported in body fluids by different types of vesicles, current research mainly focuses on the characterization of exosome-associated microRNAs. However, as isolation and characterization of exosomes is challenging, it is yet unclear whether exosomes or other vesicular elements circulating in serum are the most reliable source for discovering disease-associated biomarkers. In this study, circulating microRNAs associated to the vesicular and non-vesicular fraction of sera isolated from partially hepatectomized rats were measured. Here we show that independently from their origin, levels of miR-122, miR-192, miR-194 and Let-7a are up-regulated two days after partial hepatectomy. The inflammation-associated miR-150 and miR-155 are up-regulated in the vesicular-fraction only, while the regeneration-associated miR-21 and miR-33 are up-regulated in the vesicular- and down-regulated in the non-vesicular fraction. Our study shows for the first time the modulation of non-vesicular microRNAs in animals recovering from partial hepatectomy, suggesting that, in the search for novel disease-associated biomarkers, the profiling of either vesicular or non-vesicular microRNAs may be more relevant than the analysis of microRNAs isolated from unfractionated serum.
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74
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Mansy SS, Nosseir MM, Othman MM, Zoheiry MA, Guda MF, Yehia HA, Hassanein MH. Spotlight on the three main hepatic fibrogenic cells in HCV-infected patients: Multiple immunofluorescence and ultrastructure study. Ultrastruct Pathol 2016; 40:276-87. [DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2016.1194507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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75
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Ge S, Xie J, Liu F, He J, He J. MicroRNA-19b reduces hepatic stellate cell proliferation by targeting GRB2 in hepatic fibrosis models in vivo and in vitro as part of the inhibitory effect of estradiol. J Cell Biochem 2016; 116:2455-64. [PMID: 25650006 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Estradiol (E2) is a major determinant of gender-based differences in the development of hepatic fibrosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous 19-25 nucleotide, noncoding, single-stranded RNAs that regulate gene expression by blocking the translation or decreasing the stability of mRNAs and play an important role in liver fibrosis. The mechanisms underlying the regulation of miRNAs by E2 remain largely unknown. In this study, miR-19b levels were higher and were associated with lower GRB2 mRNA and protein levels in female rats more than in male rats. We also showed that miR-19b levels were down-regulated, were associated with the up-regulation of GRB2 mRNA and protein levels in PS (porcine serum-induced hepatic fibrosis) versus NS (normal control) groups and were up-regulated when associated with the down-regulation of GRB2 mRNA and protein levels in PS + E2 versus PS and in aHSC + E2 (estradiol treated aHSC) versus aHSC groups. MiR-19b expression inhibited cell proliferation in aHSCs, and also down-regulated GRB2 protein expression. The overexpression of miR-19b inhibited cell growth and suppressed COL1A1 protein levels by decreasing the levels of GRB2. However, the forced expression of GRB2 partly rescued the effect of miR-19b in the cells, attenuated cell proliferation, and suppressed the GRB2 protein level by up-regulating the levels of GRB2. Taken together, these findings will shed light on the role of miR-19b in regulating aHSC proliferation via the miR-19b/GRB2 axis. This newly identified miR-19b/GRB2 interaction provided novel insights into the suppressive effect of E2 on HSC proliferation and might facilitate the development of therapies targeting hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanfei Ge
- Department of Infectious Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jianping Xie
- Department of Infectious Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jinni He
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jinwen He
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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76
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Zhang C, Wang L, Ali T, Li L, Bi X, Wang J, Lü G, Shao Y, Vuitton DA, Wen H, Lin R. Hydatid cyst fluid promotes peri-cystic fibrosis in cystic echinococcosis by suppressing miR-19 expression. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:278. [PMID: 27177776 PMCID: PMC4866024 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1562-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Echinococcus granulosus infection causes cystic echinococcosis (CE); the generation of liver fibrosis around the parasitic larval cyst (metacestode) may play a major role in the spontaneous limitation of the parasitic growth; however, fibrogenesis has received little attention in CE. It has been reported that miR-19b plays a role in various diseases, including infectious diseases, by regulating fibrogenesis. However, its function in the development of liver fibrosis in E. granulosus infection is unknown. Methods The expression of miR-19b and genes that are involved in liver fibrosis were analysed in E. granulosus-infected human livers using qRT-PCR. The role of miR-19b on hepatic stellate cells (LX-2 cells in vitro) treated with hydatid cyst fluid (HCF) was then analysed by 3-(4, 5-dimet-hylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 4-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, qRT-PCR, Western blot and flow cytometry. Results The results showed that the expression of miR-19 was significantly reduced in the pericystic collagen-rich liver tissue of CE patients, compared to normal liver. Incubation of LX-2 cells (in vitro) with HCF induced a decreased proliferation of these cells and a reduced expression of miR-19, inversely correlated with the expression of collagen 1A1 and TGF-β receptor II (TβRII). Conversely, overexpression of miR-19 by LX-2 cells inhibited the proliferation of these cells and led to decreased TβRII expression. Conclusions Our study provides new evidence for the intervention of miRNAs in the regulation of fibrosis in infectious diseases; it suggests that E. granulosus can inhibit miR-19 liver expression and promote fibrosis through the increase in TβRII, the activation of hepatic stellate cells and extracellular matrix production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanshan Zhang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis, Clinical Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Limin Wang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis, Clinical Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Tuergan Ali
- State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Xinjiang Major Diseases Research (2010DS890298), The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Liang Li
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis, Clinical Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiaojuan Bi
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis, Clinical Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Junhua Wang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis, Clinical Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Guodong Lü
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis, Clinical Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yingmei Shao
- State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Xinjiang Major Diseases Research (2010DS890298), The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Dominique A Vuitton
- WHO-Collaborating Centre for the Prevention and Treatment of Human Echinococcosis, Department of Parasitology, University of Franche-Comté (EA 3181) and University Hospital, Besançon, France
| | - Hao Wen
- State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Xinjiang Major Diseases Research (2010DS890298), The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Renyong Lin
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis, Clinical Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.
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77
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Hepatic Stellate Cells and microRNAs in Pathogenesis of Liver Fibrosis. J Clin Med 2016; 5:jcm5030038. [PMID: 26999230 PMCID: PMC4810109 DOI: 10.3390/jcm5030038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression by either blocking translation or inducing degradation of target mRNA. miRNAs play essential roles in diverse biological and pathological processes, including development of hepatic fibrosis. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) play a central role in development of hepatic fibrosis and there are intricate regulatory effects of miRNAs on their activation, proliferation, collagen production, migration, and apoptosis. There are multiple differentially expressed miRNAs in activated HSCs, and in this review we aim to summarize current data on miRNAs that participate in the development of hepatic fibrosis. Based on this review, miRNAs may serve as biomarkers for diagnosis of liver disease, as well as markers of disease progression. Most importantly, dysregulated miRNAs may potentially be targeted by novel therapies to treat and reverse progression of hepatic fibrosis.
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78
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Povero D, Feldstein AE. Novel Molecular Mechanisms in the Development of Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis. Diabetes Metab J 2016; 40:1-11. [PMID: 26912150 PMCID: PMC4768045 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2016.40.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common causes of chronic liver disease in adults and children worldwide. NAFLD has become a severe health issue and it can progress towards a more severe form of the disease, the non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). A combination of environmental factors, host genetics, and gut microbiota leads to excessive accumulation of lipids in the liver (steatosis), which may result in lipotoxicity and trigger hepatocyte cell death, liver inflammation, fibrosis, and pathological angiogenesis. NASH can further progress towards liver cirrhosis and cancer. Over the last few years, cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been identified as effective cell-to-cell messengers that transfer several bioactive molecules in target cells, modulating the pathogenesis and progression of NASH. In this review, we focused on recently highlighted aspects of molecular pathogenesis of NASH, mediated by EVs via their bioactive components. The studies included in this review summarize the state of art regarding the role of EVs during the progression of NASH and bring novel insight about the potential use of EVs for diagnosis and therapeutic strategies for patients with this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Povero
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Rady's Children Hospital, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Ariel E Feldstein
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Rady's Children Hospital, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
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79
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Expression of CD24 in Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Is Regulated by TGFβ3 and Induces a Myofibroblast-Like Genotype. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2016:1319578. [PMID: 26788063 PMCID: PMC4691640 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1319578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human bone marrow-derived stromal cells (hBMSCs) derived from the adult organism hold great promise for diverse settings in regenerative medicine. Therefore a more complete understanding of hBMSC biology to fully exploit the cells' potential for clinical settings is important. The protein CD24 has been reported to be involved in a diverse range of processes such as cancer, adaptive immunity, inflammation, and autoimmune diseases in other cell types. Its expression in hBMSCs, which has not yet been analyzed, may add an important aspect in the understanding of hBMSC biology. The present study therefore analyzes the expression, regulation, and functional implication of the surface protein CD24 in hBMSCs. Methods used are stimulation studies with TGF beta as well as shRNA-mediated knockdown and overexpression of CD24 followed by microarray, immunocytochemistry, and flow cytometric analyses. To our knowledge, we demonstrate for the first time that the expression of CD24 is an inherent property of hBMSCs. Importantly, the data links the upregulation of CD24 to the adoption of a myofibroblast-like gene expression pattern in hBMSCs. We demonstrate that CD24 is an important modulator in transforming growth factor beta 3 (TGFβ3) signaling with a reciprocal regulatory relationship between these two proteins.
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80
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Wu S, Zhang G, Li P, Chen S, Zhang F, Li J, Jiang C, Chen X, Wang Y, Du Y, Sun Q, Zhao G. miR-198 targets SHMT1 to inhibit cell proliferation and enhance cell apoptosis in lung adenocarcinoma. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:5193-202. [PMID: 26553359 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4369-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
MiR-198 is involved in tumorigenesis, migration, invasion, and metastasis of various malignant cancers. However, the exact expression levels of miR-198 and the molecular mechanism underlying its role in lung adenocarcinoma require further exploration. In this study, quantitative real-time PCR was applied to study miR-198 and serine hydroxymethyltransferase 1 (SHMT1) expression in 47 paired lung adenocarcinoma tissues and adjacent nontumor lung tissues. Clinicopathological characters were analyzed. Pearson's correlation analysis was used to detect the relationship between miR-198 and SHMT1 expression. The function of miR-198 was explored by measuring cell proliferation, cell apoptosis, and the cell-cycle in vitro and in vivo. The target gene of miR-198 was certified using dual luciferase report assay. We found that in lung adenocarcinoma, miR-198 was significantly downregulated and SHMT1 was inversely upregulated. A strong negative correlation was noticed between miR-198 and SHMT1 expression. Further analysis revealed that miR-198 expression was associated with TNM stage and lymph node metastasis. Upregulated miR-198 could inhibit cell proliferation, enhance cell apoptosis, and lead to cell-cycle arrest in lung adenocarcinoma, which showed a more effective alteration than SHMT1 siRNA. Moreover, we identified SHMT1 as a target gene of miR-198. In conclusion, miR-198 suppressed proliferation of lung adenocarcinoma cells both in vitro and in vivo by directly targeting SHMT1. miR-198 may be a potential therapeutic target for lung adenocarcinoma in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujun Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People' s Republic of China
| | - Guojun Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People' s Republic of China.
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People' s Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People' s Republic of China
| | - Furui Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People' s Republic of China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People' s Republic of China
| | - Chenyang Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People' s Republic of China
| | - Xiaonan Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, People' s Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, People' s Republic of China
| | - Yuwen Du
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, People' s Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Sun
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, People' s Republic of China
| | - Guoqiang Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, People' s Republic of China.
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Hu DP, Hu YB, Xu WW, Xu TY, Ni SL, Fu RQ. Impact of upregulation of miR-203 on cell proliferation and collagen synthesis in hepatic stellate cells. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2015; 23:3749-3754. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v23.i23.3749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the impact of upregulation of miR-203 on cell proliferation and collagen synthesis in hepatic stellate cells.
METHODS: HSC-T6 cells were transfected with miR-203 mimic using Lipofectamine™ 2000, and propagated for 48 h. Total proteins and total RNAs were extracted from these cells. The mRNA and protein expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), type Ⅰ collagen and type Ⅲ collagen was measured by RT-qPCR and Western blot, respectively. The proliferation of HSC-T6 cells was assessed using MTT assay.
RESULTS: Compared with the negative control group, α-SMA protein and mRNA expression in the miR-203 mimic group decreased by 75% and 80%, respectively (P < 0.01); type Ⅰ collagen protein and mRNA expression decreased by 56% (P < 0.01) and 48% (P < 0.05), respectively; type Ⅲ collagen protein and mRNA expression decreased 45% and 60%, respectively (P < 0.05); cellular proliferative activity decreased by 20% ± 5% (P < 0.01).
CONCLUSION: Upregulation of miR-203 can significantly inhibit cell proliferation and collagen synthesis in hepatic stellate cells.
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82
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Huang XL, Zhang L, Li JP, Wang YJ, Duan Y, Wang J. MicroRNA-150: A potential regulator in pathogens infection and autoimmune diseases. Autoimmunity 2015; 48:503-10. [DOI: 10.3109/08916934.2015.1072518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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83
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Abstract
The miRNAs are small, non-coding RNAs that regulate various biological processes, including liver fibrosis. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) play a central role in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis. By microarray profiling and real-time PCR, we noted that miR-31 expression in HSCs from rats, mice and humans was significantly increased during HSC activation in culture. Overall, miR-31 expression levels were unchanged in the whole-liver RNA extracts from fibrotic rat and human samples. Nevertheless, we found that miR-31 was particularly up-regulated in HSCs but not in hepatocytes during fibrogenesis. Thus, we hypothesized that miR-31 may mediate liver fibrosis. In the present study, we found that inhibition of miR-31 expression significantly inhibited HSC activation, whereas its over-expression obviously promoted HSC activation. Moreover, over-expression of miR-31 promoted HSC migration by enhancing matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 expression whereas inhibition of miR-31 has an opposite effect. The biological function of miR-31 during HSC activation might be through targeting FIH1, a suppressor of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1), because a knockdown of FIH1 by shRNA could mimic the effects of miR-31. In addition, primary rat HSCs were isolated and treated with different cytokines, such as transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), vascular endothelial growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor-BB, to evaluate upstream regulators of miR-31. We found that only TGF-β, a pivotal regulator in liver fibrosis, remarkably increased miR-31 expression in HSCs. And the effects of TGF-β on HSCs can be partially counteracted by inhibition of miR-31. In addition, chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments and the luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that Smad3, a major TGF-β-downstream transcription factor, stimulated the transcription activity of miR-31 by binding directly to miR-31's promoter. In conclusion, the miR-31/FIH1 pathway associates with liver fibrosis, perhaps by participation in the TGF-β/Smad3 signalling of HSCs.
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Zhu Y, Miao Z, Gong L, Chen W. Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells expressing TIMP-1-shRNA improves hepatic fibrosis in CCl₄-treated rats. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:8912-8920. [PMID: 26464632 PMCID: PMC4583864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of intravenous transplantation of TIMP-1-silencing mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in a rat model of liver fibrosis. MSCs were transduced with a lentiviral vector expressing tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1)-shRNA, and the liver cirrhosis model was established by injection of CCl4 (1 ml/kg body weight twice a week for 4 weeks) in Sprague Dawley rats. The survived 36 rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: control group, MSCs group, and TIMP-1-shRNA group. At 4 weeks after establishment of animal model, 3×10(6) MSCs were intravenously injected. In TIMP-1-shRNA group, MSCs expressing TIMP-1-shRNA were transplanted. Animals were sacrificed 4 weeks later. Blood was collected for the detection of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). The livers were harvested for histological examination. At 5 days after transfection, strong fluorescence was detectable in each group. TIMP-1-shRNA group had the lowest TIMP-1 expression. Following MSCs transplantation, serum ALT and AST reduced in rats with hepatic cirrhosis, and histology showed less fibrotic areas and collagens, as compared to control group. These improvements were more obvious in the TIMP-1-shRNA group. Our study indicates that transplantation of MSCs expressing TIMP-1-shRNA is able to inhibit the progression of liver fibrosis and possibly restore the liver function in a rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingwei Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215006, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuxi No. 2 People’s HospitalWuxi 214002, China
| | - Zongning Miao
- The Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Wuxi Third People’s HospitalWuxi 214041, China
| | - Lei Gong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuxi No. 2 People’s HospitalWuxi 214002, China
| | - Weichang Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215006, China
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Povero D, Panera N, Eguchi A, Johnson CD, Papouchado BG, de Araujo Horcel L, Pinatel EM, Alisi A, Nobili V, Feldstein AE. Lipid-induced hepatocyte-derived extracellular vesicles regulate hepatic stellate cell via microRNAs targeting PPAR-γ. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 1:646-663.e4. [PMID: 26783552 PMCID: PMC4714359 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2015.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND&AIMS Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) play a key role in liver fibrosis in various chronic liver disorders including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The development of liver fibrosis requires a phenotypic switch from quiescent to activated HSCs. The triggers for HSCs activation in NAFLD remain poorly understood. We investigated the role and molecular mechanism of extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by hepatocytes during lipotoxicity in modulation of HSC phenotype. METHODS EVs were isolated from fat-laden hepatocytes by differential centrifugation and incubated with HSCs. EV internalization and HSCs activation, migration and proliferation were assessed. Loss- and gain-of-functions studies were performed to explore the potential role of PPAR-γ-targeting miRNAs carried by EVs into HSC. RESULTS Hepatocyte-derived EVs released during lipotoxicity are efficiently internalized by HSCs resulting in their activation, as shown by marked up-regulation of pro-fibrogenic genes (Collagen-I, α-SMA and TIMP-2), proliferation, chemotaxis and wound healing responses. These changes were associated with miRNAs shuttled by EVs and suppression of PPAR-γ expression in HSC. Hepatocyte-derived EVs miRNA content included various miRNAs that are known inhibitors of PPAR-γ expression with miR-128-3p being the most effectively transferred. Furthermore loss- and gain-of-function studies identified miR-128-3p as a central modulator of the effects of EVs on PPAR-γ inhibition and HSC activation. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate a link between fat-laden hepatocyte-derived EVs and liver fibrosis and have potential implications for the development of novel anti-fibrotic targets for NAFLD and other fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Povero
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Nadia Panera
- Hepato-Metabolic Disease Unit and Liver Research Unit, Bambino-Gesu’ Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Akiko Eguchi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Casey D. Johnson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | | | - Lucas de Araujo Horcel
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Centro Universitário Lusiada, Santos, Brazil
| | - Eva M. Pinatel
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Segrate, Italy
| | - Anna Alisi
- Hepato-Metabolic Disease Unit and Liver Research Unit, Bambino-Gesu’ Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Valerio Nobili
- Hepato-Metabolic Disease Unit and Liver Research Unit, Bambino-Gesu’ Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Ariel E. Feldstein
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Correspondence Address correspondence to: Ariel E. Feldstein, MD, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition UCSD, 3020 Children’s Way, MC 5030, San Diego, California 92103–8450.
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Chen W, Han C, Zhang J, Song K, Wang Y, Wu T. miR-150 Deficiency Protects against FAS-Induced Acute Liver Injury in Mice through Regulation of AKT. PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 26196694 PMCID: PMC4510058 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Although miR-150 is implicated in the regulation of immune cell differentiation and activation, it remains unknown whether miR-150 is involved in liver biology and disease. This study was performed to explore the potential role of miR-150 in LPS/D-GalN and Fas-induced liver injuries by using wild type and miR-150 knockout (KO) mice. Whereas knockout of miR-150 did not significantly alter LPS/D-GalN-induced animal death and liver injury, it protected against Fas-induced liver injury and mortality. The Jo2-induced increase in serum transaminases, apoptotic hepatocytes, PARP cleavage, as well as caspase-3/7, caspase-8, and caspase-9 activities were significantly attenuated in miR-150 KO mice. The liver tissues from Jo2-treated miR-150 KO mice expressed higher levels of Akt1, Akt2, total Akt, as well as p-Akt(Ser473) compared to the wild type livers. Pretreatment with the Akt inhibitor V reversed Jo2-induced liver injury in miR-150 KO mice. The primary hepatocytes isolated from miR-150 KO mice also showed protection against Fas-induced apoptosis in vitro (characterized by less prominent PARP cleavage, less nuclear fragmentation and less caspase activation) in comparison to hepatocytes from wild type mice. Luciferase reporter assays in hepatocytes transfected with the Akt1 or Akt2 3’-UTR reporter constructs (with or without mutation of miR-150 binding site) established Akt1 and Akt2 as direct targets of miR-150. Tail vein injection of lentiviral particles containing pre-miR-150 enhanced Jo2-induced liver injury in miR-150 KO mice. These findings demonstrate that miR-150 deficiency prevents Fas-induced hepatocyte apoptosis and liver injury through regulation of the Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weina Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine,1430 Tulane Avenue SL-79, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Chang Han
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine,1430 Tulane Avenue SL-79, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Jinqiang Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine,1430 Tulane Avenue SL-79, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Kyoungsub Song
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine,1430 Tulane Avenue SL-79, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine,1430 Tulane Avenue SL-79, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine,1430 Tulane Avenue SL-79, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Lu CH, Hou QR, Deng LF, Fei C, Xu WP, Zhang Q, Wu KM, Ning BF, Xie WF, Zhang X. MicroRNA-370 Attenuates Hepatic Fibrogenesis by Targeting Smoothened. Dig Dis Sci 2015; 60:2038-48. [PMID: 25686745 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-015-3585-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Recent research shows that abnormal expression of microRNA plays an important role in the process of hepatic fibrosis . miR-370 has been reported to be involved in liver function and is suppressed during hepatic carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of miR-370 in hepatic fibrosis. METHODS The expression levels of miR-370 in rat fibrotic livers and activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) were evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR. The effect of miR-370 on the activation of HSCs was analyzed by flow cytometric analyses, real-time PCR and Western blot. Adenovirus carrying miR-370 was injected through the tail vein to access the effect of miR-370 on hepatic fibrosis induced by CCl4 in rats. The downstream targets of miR-370 were predicted by the Target Scan database and verified by luciferase assays, real-time PCR and Western blot in HSCs and were further confirmed by immunohistochemistry in vivo. RESULTS Real-time PCR showed that miR-370 expression was significantly reduced in rat fibrotic livers and TGFβ1-stimulated HSCs. Overexpression of miR-370 inhibited the proliferation of HSC-T6 cells via inducing cell apoptosis and suppressed the activation of HSCs. Upregulation of miR-370 obviously attenuated the CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in rats. miR-370 was directly bound to the 3'UTR of Smoothened (SMO) and suppressed the expression of SMO in HSCs and fibrotic livers. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that miR-370 plays an inhibitory role in hepatic fibrogenesis by targeting SMO. Restoration of miR-370 may have beneficial effects on the treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Hua Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
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Kitab B, Alj HS, Ezzikouri S, Benjelloun S. MicroRNAs as Important Players in Host-hepatitis B Virus Interactions. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2015; 3:149-61. [PMID: 26357642 PMCID: PMC4548348 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2015.00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, a major public health problem, causes acute and chronic hepatitis that is often complicated by liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The pathogenic mechanisms of HBV-related liver disease are not well understood, and the current licensed therapies are not effective in permanently clearing virus from the circulation. In recent years, the role of micro-ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) in HBV infection has attracted great interest. Cellular miRNAs can influence HBV replication directly by binding to HBV transcripts and indirectly by targeting cellular factors relevant to the HBV life cycle. They are also involved in the regulation of cellular genes and signaling pathways that have critical roles in HBV pathogenesis. HBV infection, in turn, can trigger changes in cellular miRNA expression that are associated with distinctive miRNA expression profiles depending on the phase of liver disease. These alterations in miRNA expression have been linked to disease progression and hepatocarcinogenesis. We provide here an up to date review regarding the field of miRNAs and HBV interplay and highlight the potential utility of miRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the management of HBV-related liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bouchra Kitab
- Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Hanane Salih Alj
- Laboratory of Biology and Health, URAC34, Faculty of Sciences Ben M’sik, University Hassan II Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Sayeh Ezzikouri
- Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Soumaya Benjelloun
- Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
- Correspondence to: Soumaya Benjelloun, Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, 1 Place Louis Pasteur, Casablanca 20360, Morocco. Tel: +212‐527‐016‐076; +212‐522‐434‐450, Fax: +212‐522‐260‐957, E‐mail:
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Integrative miRNA and Gene Expression Profiling Analysis of Human Quiescent Hepatic Stellate Cells. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11549. [PMID: 26096707 PMCID: PMC4476106 DOI: 10.1038/srep11549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Unveiling the regulatory pathways maintaining hepatic stellate cells (HSC) in a quiescent (q) phenotype is essential to develop new therapeutic strategies to treat fibrogenic diseases. To uncover the miRNA-mRNA regulatory interactions in qHSCs, HSCs were FACS-sorted from healthy livers and activated HSCs (aHSCs) were generated in vitro. MiRNA Taqman array analysis showed HSCs expressed a low number of miRNAs (n = 259), from which 47 were down-regulated and 212 up-regulated upon activation. Computational integration of miRNA and gene expression profiles revealed that 66% of qHSC-associated miRNAs correlated with more than 6 altered target mRNAs (17,28 ± 10,7 targets/miRNA) whereas aHSC-associated miRNAs had an average of 1,49 targeted genes. Interestingly, interaction networks generated by miRNA-targeted genes in qHSCs were associated with key HSC activation processes. Next, selected miRNAs were validated in healthy and cirrhotic human livers and miR-192 was chosen for functional analysis. Down-regulation of miR-192 in HSCs was found to be an early event during fibrosis progression in mouse models of liver injury. Moreover, mimic assays for miR-192 in HSCs revealed its role in HSC activation, proliferation and migration. Together, these results uncover the importance of miRNAs in the maintenance of the qHSC phenotype and form the basis for understanding the regulatory networks in HSCs.
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Feng X, Tan W, Cheng S, Wang H, Ye S, Yu C, He Y, Zeng J, Cen J, Hu J, Zheng R, Zhou Y. Upregulation of microRNA-126 in hepatic stellate cells may affect pathogenesis of liver fibrosis through the NF-κB pathway. DNA Cell Biol 2015; 34:470-80. [PMID: 25974152 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2014.2760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis, which results from chronic liver disease, currently lacks effective treatment. MicroRNAs, a group of small noncoding RNA molecules, have been observed to play an essential role in liver diseases, including hepatic fibrosis. In this study, we described the regulation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) inhibitor alpha (IκBα) and its possible signaling pathway by miR-126 in human hepatic stellate cell (HSC) line LX-2. The 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of IκBα combined with miR-126 was analyzed by using a dual-luciferase reporter assay. Furthermore, the effects of miR-126 on IκBα mRNA and protein and NF-κB protein expression were assessed by real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot analysis in the human HSC LX-2 cell line transfected with miR-126 mimic or inhibitor. Moreover, to understand the molecular mechanism of miR-126 in promoting liver fibrosis through NF-κB signaling pathway, the NF-κB downstream signaling factors expression such as transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and collagen I mRNA were detected by real-time qRT-PCR. We identified that IκBα is a potential target gene of miR-126, by directly targeting its 3'-UTR. Endogenous miR-126 and exogenous miR-126 mimic inhibited IκBα expression. Moreover, overexpression of miR-126 reduced total and the cytoplasm IκBα protein expression and increased total and cytoblast NF-κB protein expression of LX-2. Conversely, knockdown of miR-126 could inhibit NF-κB activation by upregulation of IκBα protein expression. Further, miR-126 promoted TNF-a-induced TGF-β1 and collagen I mRNA expression in LX-2 cells. miR-126 may play an important role in hepatic fibrosis by downregulating the expression of IκBα partly through the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College , Zhanjiang, China
| | - Wenkai Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College , Zhanjiang, China
| | - Si Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College , Zhanjiang, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College , Zhanjiang, China
| | - Shicai Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College , Zhanjiang, China
| | - Caiyuan Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College , Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yanting He
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College , Zhanjiang, China
| | - Juncheng Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College , Zhanjiang, China
| | - Junwei Cen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College , Zhanjiang, China
| | - Juxiang Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College , Zhanjiang, China
| | - Rong Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College , Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College , Zhanjiang, China
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MiRNA-194 Regulates Palmitic Acid-Induced Toll-Like Receptor 4 Inflammatory Responses in THP-1 Cells. Nutrients 2015; 7:3483-96. [PMID: 25984739 PMCID: PMC4446763 DOI: 10.3390/nu7053483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is strong evidence to suggest that inflammatory responses link obesity and diseases, and the understanding of obesity-induced inflammatory mechanisms is central to the pathogenesis of diseases such asnonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) and atherosclerosis that are modified by obesity. Based on this, anti-inflammatory treatments become a potential therapies for obesity-related diseases like NAFLD.A critical role of toll-like receptor (TLR) and its downstream molecules such as tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6(TRAF6) has been documented in inflammatory response induced by fatty acid. TLR pathway regulation provides a new insight to controlling the inflammatory response induced by fatty acid. Taken together, our study was aimed to understand the mechanism of fatty acid-mediated inflammation and look for an effective target which can prevent the inflammatory response induced by obesity. In this study, we used the saturated fatty acid palmitic acid (PA) to activate TLR4 signal pathway in human monocyte cells THP-1 that established an intracellular inflammatory model. Followed with activated TLR4, downstream molecular TRAF6 was upregulated and ultimately induced proinflammatory cytokine production. Based on this model, we also found that PA downregulated miR-194 expression with TLR4 activation. Moreover, our results showed that key signal molecular TRAF6 is a target of miR-194, overexpression of miR-194 directly decreased TRAF6 expression and attenuated the release of proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α in PA-activated monocyte THP-1. We conclude that miR-194 negatively regulates the TLR4 signal pathway which is activated by PA through directly negative TRAF6 expression.
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Atta HM. Reversibility and heritability of liver fibrosis: Implications for research and therapy. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:5138-5148. [PMID: 25954087 PMCID: PMC4419054 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i17.5138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis continues to be a major health problem worldwide due to lack of effective therapy. If the etiology cannot be eliminated, liver fibrosis progresses to cirrhosis and eventually to liver failure or malignancy; both are associated with a fatal outcome. Liver transplantation, the only curative therapy, is still mostly unavailable. Liver fibrosis was shown to be a reversible process; however, complete reversibility remains debatable. Recently, the molecular markers of liver fibrosis were shown to be transmitted across generations. Epigenetic mechanisms including DNA methylation, histone posttranslational modifications and noncoding RNA have emerged as major determinants of gene expression during liver fibrogenesis and carcinogenesis. Furthermore, epigenetic mechanisms have been shown to be transmitted through mitosis and meiosis to daughter cells and subsequent generations. However, the exact epigenetic regulation of complete liver fibrosis resolution and inheritance has not been fully elucidated. This communication will highlight the recent advances in the search for delineating the mechanisms governing resolution of liver fibrosis and the potential for multigenerational and transgenerational transmission of fibrosis markers. The fact that epigenetic changes, unlike genetic mutations, are reversible and can be modulated pharmacologically underscores the unique opportunity to develop effective therapy to completely reverse liver fibrosis, to prevent the development of malignancy and to regulate heritability of fibrosis phenotype.
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Tu X, Zheng X, Li H, Cao Z, Chang H, Luan S, Zhu J, Chen J, Zang Y, Zhang J. MicroRNA-30 Protects Against Carbon Tetrachloride-induced Liver Fibrosis by Attenuating Transforming Growth Factor Beta Signaling in Hepatic Stellate Cells. Toxicol Sci 2015; 146:157-69. [PMID: 25912033 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is crucial for transdifferentiation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and the blunting of TGF-β signaling in HSCs can effectively prevent liver fibrosis. Krüppel-like factor 11 (KLF11) is an early response transcription factor that potentiates TGF-β/Smad signaling by suppressing the transcription of inhibitory Smad7. Using a mouse model of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis, we observed significant upregulation of KLF11 in the activated HSCs during liver fibrogenesis. Meanwhile, the downregulation of miR-30 was observed in the HSCs isolated from fibrotic liver. Adenovirus-mediated ectopic expression of miR-30 was under the control of smooth muscle α-actin promoter, showing that the increase in miR-30 in HSC greatly reduced CCl4-induced liver fibrosis. Subsequent investigations showed that miR-30 suppressed KLF11 expression in HSC and led to a significant upregulation of Smad7 in vivo. Mechanistic studies further confirmed that KLF11 was the direct target of miR-30, and revealed that miR-30 blunted the profibrogenic TGF-β signaling in HSC by suppressing KLF11 expression and thus enhanced the negative feedback loop of TGF-β signaling imposed by Smad7. Finally, we demonstrated that miR-30 facilitated the reversal of activated HSC to a quiescent state as indicated by the inhibition of proliferation and migration, the loss of activation markers, and the gain of quiescent HSC markers. In conclusion, our results define miR-30 as a crucial suppressor of TGF-β signaling in HSCs activation and provide useful insights into the mechanisms underlying liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Tu
- *State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University and Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for microRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuxiu Zheng
- *State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University and Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for microRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanan Li
- *State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University and Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for microRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhipeng Cao
- *State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University and Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for microRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanwen Chang
- *State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University and Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for microRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoyuan Luan
- *State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University and Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for microRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhu
- *State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University and Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for microRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangning Chen
- *State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University and Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for microRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhui Zang
- *State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University and Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for microRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China *State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University and Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for microRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- *State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University and Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for microRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China *State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University and Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for microRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
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Lin F, Wu X, Zhang H, You X, Zhang Z, Shao R, Huang C. A microrna screen to identify regulators of peritoneal fibrosis in a rat model of peritoneal dialysis. BMC Nephrol 2015; 16:48. [PMID: 25884636 PMCID: PMC4546227 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-015-0039-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Peritoneal fibrosis is a common complication in patients treated with long-term peritoneal dialysis. The aim of this study was to identify the microRNAs (miRNAs) involved in regulation of peritoneal fibrosis in a rat model of peritoneal dialysis. Methods Twenty-four Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats were randomly allocated into three groups: (i) Control group (Cg, n = 8); (ii) Saline group (Sg, n = 8): daily intraperitoneal injection with 0.9% normal saline; (iii) Hypertonic dialysate group (HDg, n = 8): daily intraperitoneal injection with 4.25% peritoneal dialysis solution. Rats were sacrificed after four weeks for histological evaluation of peritoneal membrane and the expression of α-SMA and COL-1. A miRNA screen was performed using microarray analysis to identify differentially expressed miRNAs, which were then validated by real-time PCR. Results Compared with the control and the saline groups, hypertonic dialysate group showed impaired peritoneal function accompanied by a spectrum of morphological changes including thicker peritoneal membrane, higher collagen deposition, infiltration of mononuclear cells and neovascularization in the peritoneum. Increased mRNA and protein levels of α-SMA and COL-1 were observed in hypertonic dialysate group, indicating the progression of peritoneal fibrosis. The miRNA screen identified 8 significantly down-regulated miRNAs (miR-31, miR-93, miR-100, miR-152, miR-497, miR-192, miR-194 and miR-200b) and one highly up-regulated miRNA (miR-122) in the hypertonic dialysate group. The results were confirmed by real-time PCR. Conclusions Altered miRNA expression in peritoneum was found in the rat model of peritoneal fibrosis, indicating that these miRNAs may be associated with pathogenesis of peritoneal fibrosis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12882-015-0039-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Lin
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 2 Fuxuexiang Street, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China.
| | - Xu Wu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 2 Fuxuexiang Street, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China.
| | - Huidi Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 2 Fuxuexiang Street, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China.
| | - Xiaohan You
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 2 Fuxuexiang Street, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China.
| | - Zhoucang Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 2 Fuxuexiang Street, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China.
| | - Rongrong Shao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 2 Fuxuexiang Street, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China.
| | - Chaoxing Huang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 2 Fuxuexiang Street, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China.
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Dai W, Zhao J, Tang N, Zeng X, Wu K, Ye C, Shi J, Lu C, Ning B, Zhang J, Lin Y. MicroRNA-155 attenuates activation of hepatic stellate cell by simultaneously preventing EMT process and ERK1 signalling pathway. Liver Int 2015; 35:1234-43. [PMID: 25142507 DOI: 10.1111/liv.12660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (ERK1) signalling pathway play pivotal roles in hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation, which is associated with the altered expression patterns of microRNAs (miRNAs). miR-155 is considered a typical multifunctional miRNA to regulate many biological processes. However, little attention has been given to the contributions of miR-155 to simultaneous regulation of EMT process and ERK1 pathway during HSC activation. METHODS Differential expression of miR-155 was assessed in activated HSC, sera and liver tissues from cirrhotic patients. Whether miR-155 could directly interact with 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of T cell factor 4 (TCF4) and angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AGTR1) respectively was detected by luciferase reporter assay. The effects of enhanced miR-155 on EMT process and ERK1 pathway, cell apoptosis in HSC activation were also evaluated. RESULTS A significant decrease in miR-155 expression was observed in activated HSC, sera or liver tissues of cirrhotic patients. MiR-155 was found to simultaneously interact with 3'-UTR of TCF4 and AGTR1 mRNAs, which are known as important regulators associated with EMT and ERK1 pathway repectively. Inhibiting miR-155 expression could stimulate the EMT state and ERK1 pathway activity, thus contributing to HSC activation. Forced miR-155 expression markedly decreased the mesenchymal markers and phosphorylated ERK1 level, and enhanced E-cadherin expression, leading to the synchronous inhibitory effect on EMT and ERK1 pathway and inducing HSC apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Our results implicate that miR-155 plays an important role in regulating the pathological network involving EMT process and ERK1 pathway during HSC activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
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Sanal MG. Biomarkers in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-the emperor has no clothes? World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:3223-3231. [PMID: 25805928 PMCID: PMC4363751 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i11.3223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty liver is present in over ten percentage of the world population and it is a growing public health problem. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is not a single disease, but encompasses a spectrum of diseases of different etiologies. It is difficult to find highly specific and sensitive diagnostic biomarkers when a disease is very complex. Therefore, we should aim to find relevant prognostic markers rather than accurate diagnostic markers which will help to minimize the frequency of liver biopsies to evaluate disease progression. There are several biomarker panels commercially available, however, there is no clear evidence that more sophisticated panels are better compared to simple criteria such as, presence of diabetes over five years, metabolic syndrome, obesity, obstructive sleep apnea, aspartate transaminase/alanine transaminase (ALT) ratio > 0.8 or ferritin levels > 1.5 times normal in patients with over six month history of raised ALT and/or ultrasonological evidence of fat in the liver. Currently the biomarker panels are not a replacement for a liver biopsy. However the need and benefit of liver biopsy in NAFLD is questionable because there is no convincing evidence that biopsy and detailed staging of NAFLD improves the management of NAFLD and benefits the patient. After all there is no evidence based treatment for NAFLD other than management of lifestyle and components of “metabolic syndrome”.
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97
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Roy S, Benz F, Luedde T, Roderburg C. The role of miRNAs in the regulation of inflammatory processes during hepatofibrogenesis. Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr 2015; 4:24-33. [PMID: 25713802 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2304-3881.2015.01.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Liver cirrhosis represents the end stage of most chronic inflammatory liver diseases and is a major global health burden. Despite the enormous relevance of cirrhotic disease, pharmacological strategies for prevention or treatment of hepatic fibrosis are still limited, underlining the need to establish a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of hepatic cirrhosis. Recently, miRNAs have emerged as a new class of RNAs that do not withhold the information to encode for proteins but regulate whole gene expression networks during different physiological and pathological processes. Various authors demonstrated that miRNA species are functionally involved in the regulation of chronic liver damage and development of liver cirrhosis in inflamed livers. Moreover, circulating miRNA patterns were suggested to serve as blood-based biomarkers indicating liver injury and progression to hepatic cirrhosis and cancer. Here we summarize current findings on a potential role of miRNAs in the cascade leading from liver inflammation to liver fibrosis and finally hepatocellular carcinoma. We compare data from animal models with findings on miRNAs dysregulated in human patients and finally highlight a potential use of miRNAs as biomarkers for liver injury, fibrosis and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanchari Roy
- Department of Medicine III, University of Aachen (RWTH), Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Fabian Benz
- Department of Medicine III, University of Aachen (RWTH), Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Tom Luedde
- Department of Medicine III, University of Aachen (RWTH), Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Christoph Roderburg
- Department of Medicine III, University of Aachen (RWTH), Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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98
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Zeng XY, Wang J, Zhang YQ, Wu JF. Relationship between microRNAs and signaling pathways associated with hepatic stellate cells. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2015; 23:1-7. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v23.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation and transdifferentiation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) caused by a variety of signal transduction pathways triggered by inflammatory factors and cytokines are a key initiating event in the process of hepatic fibrosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) existing in a wide variety of organisms play a role by negative regulation of their target genes at the transcriptional or translational level. Research shows that several signal transduction pathways associated with HSCs can regulate miRNA transcription, processing, maturation and function. At the same time, different miRNAs also regulate HSC activation, proliferation and apoptosis-related signal transduction. This interaction can provide some ideas for the molecular target therapy of hepatic fibrosis and the exploration of its pathogenesis.
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99
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Li SG, Zhou J, Zhong JH, Cao HJ, Zhu L, Liu J, Hu HJ, Lv B. Effects of miR-9 and Tetramethylpyrazine on Activation of Hepatic Stellate Cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2015; 38:396-401. [PMID: 25560232 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b14-00611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Gao Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University
| | - Ji-Hong Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University
| | - Hai-Jun Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University
| | - Ling Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University
| | - Jun Liu
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University
| | - Hua-Jun Hu
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University
| | - Bin Lv
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University
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100
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Jeong BC, Kang IH, Hwang YC, Kim SH, Koh JT. MicroRNA-194 reciprocally stimulates osteogenesis and inhibits adipogenesis via regulating COUP-TFII expression. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1532. [PMID: 25412310 PMCID: PMC4260743 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Osteoblasts and adipocytes are differentiated from common mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in processes which are tightly controlled by various growth factors, signaling molecules, transcriptional factors and microRNAs. Recently, chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factor II (COUP-TFII) was identified as a critical regulator of MSC fate. In the present study, we aimed to identify some microRNAs (miR), which target COUP-TFII, and to determine the effects on MSCs fate. During osteoblastic or adipocytic differentiation from MSCs lineage cells, miR-194 expression was found to be reversal. In the cultures of mesenchymal C3H10T1/2 and primary bone marrow stromal cells, osteogenic stimuli increased miR-194 expression with accompanying decreases in COUP-TFII expression, whereas adipogenic stimuli reduced miR-194 expression with accompanying increases in COUP-TFII expression. A luciferase assay with COUP-TFII 3'-untranslated region (UTR) reporter plasmid, including the miR-194 binding sequences, showed that the introduction of miR-194 reduced the luciferase activity. However, it did not affect the activity of mutated COUP-TFII 3'-UTR reporter. Enforced expression of miR-194 significantly enhanced osteoblast differentiation, but inhibited adipocyte differentiation by decreasing COUP-TFII mRNA and protein levels. In contrast, inhibition of the endogenous miR-194 reduced matrix mineralization in the MSCs cultures, promoting the formation of lipid droplets by rescuing COUP-TFII expression. Furthermore, overexpression of COUP-TFII reversed the effects of miR-194 on the cell fates. Taken together, our results showed that miR-194 acts as a critical regulator of COUP-TFII, and can determinate the fate of MSCs to differentiate into osteoblasts and adipocytes. This suggests that miR-194 and COUP-TFII may be good target molecules for controlling bone and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- B-C Jeong
- Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, and Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - I-H Kang
- Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, and Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Y-C Hwang
- Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, and Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - S-H Kim
- Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, and Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
- Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - J-T Koh
- Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, and Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
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