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Olson KR, Gao Y, DeLeon ER, Arif M, Arif F, Arora N, Straub KD. Catalase as a sulfide-sulfur oxido-reductase: An ancient (and modern?) regulator of reactive sulfur species (RSS). Redox Biol 2017; 12:325-339. [PMID: 28285261 PMCID: PMC5350573 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Catalase is well-known as an antioxidant dismutating H2O2 to O2 and H2O. However, catalases evolved when metabolism was largely sulfur-based, long before O2 and reactive oxygen species (ROS) became abundant, suggesting catalase metabolizes reactive sulfide species (RSS). Here we examine catalase metabolism of H2Sn, the sulfur analog of H2O2, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and other sulfur-bearing molecules using H2S-specific amperometric electrodes and fluorophores to measure polysulfides (H2Sn; SSP4) and ROS (dichlorofluorescein, DCF). Catalase eliminated H2Sn, but did not anaerobically generate H2S, the expected product of dismutation. Instead, catalase concentration- and oxygen-dependently metabolized H2S and in so doing acted as a sulfide oxidase with a P50 of 20mmHg. H2O2 had little effect on catalase-mediated H2S metabolism but in the presence of the catalase inhibitor, sodium azide (Az), H2O2 rapidly and efficiently expedited H2S metabolism in both normoxia and hypoxia suggesting H2O2 is an effective electron acceptor in this reaction. Unexpectedly, catalase concentration-dependently generated H2S from dithiothreitol (DTT) in both normoxia and hypoxia, concomitantly oxidizing H2S in the presence of O2. H2S production from DTT was inhibited by carbon monoxide and augmented by NADPH suggesting that catalase heme-iron is the catalytic site and that NADPH provides reducing equivalents. Catalase also generated H2S from garlic oil, diallyltrisulfide, thioredoxin and sulfur dioxide, but not from sulfite, metabisulfite, carbonyl sulfide, cysteine, cystine, glutathione or oxidized glutathione. Oxidase activity was also present in catalase from Aspergillus niger. These results show that catalase can act as either a sulfide oxidase or sulfur reductase and they suggest that these activities likely played a prominent role in sulfur metabolism during evolution and may continue do so in modern cells as well. This also appears to be the first observation of catalase reductase activity independent of peroxide dismutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth R Olson
- Indiana University School of Medicine - South Bend, South Bend, IN 46617, USA.
| | - Yan Gao
- Indiana University School of Medicine - South Bend, South Bend, IN 46617, USA
| | - Eric R DeLeon
- Indiana University School of Medicine - South Bend, South Bend, IN 46617, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Maaz Arif
- Indiana University School of Medicine - South Bend, South Bend, IN 46617, USA
| | - Faihaan Arif
- Indiana University School of Medicine - South Bend, South Bend, IN 46617, USA
| | - Nitin Arora
- Indiana University School of Medicine - South Bend, South Bend, IN 46617, USA
| | - Karl D Straub
- Central Arkansas Veteran's Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
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Abstract
Ischemic disorders, such as myocardial infarction, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease, are the most common causes of debilitating disease and death in westernized cultures. The extent of tissue injury relates directly to the extent of blood flow reduction and to the length of the ischemic period, which influence the levels to which cellular ATP and intracellular pH are reduced. By impairing ATPase-dependent ion transport, ischemia causes intracellular and mitochondrial calcium levels to increase (calcium overload). Cell volume regulatory mechanisms are also disrupted by the lack of ATP, which can induce lysis of organelle and plasma membranes. Reperfusion, although required to salvage oxygen-starved tissues, produces paradoxical tissue responses that fuel the production of reactive oxygen species (oxygen paradox), sequestration of proinflammatory immunocytes in ischemic tissues, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and development of postischemic capillary no-reflow, which amplify tissue injury. These pathologic events culminate in opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pores as a common end-effector of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced cell lysis and death. Emerging concepts include the influence of the intestinal microbiome, fetal programming, epigenetic changes, and microparticles in the pathogenesis of I/R. The overall goal of this review is to describe these and other mechanisms that contribute to I/R injury. Because so many different deleterious events participate in I/R, it is clear that therapeutic approaches will be effective only when multiple pathologic processes are targeted. In addition, the translational significance of I/R research will be enhanced by much wider use of animal models that incorporate the complicating effects of risk factors for cardiovascular disease. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 7:113-170, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore Kalogeris
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Christopher P. Baines
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Maike Krenz
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Ronald J. Korthuis
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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Padovani D, Hessani A, Castillo FT, Liot G, Andriamihaja M, Lan A, Pilati C, Blachier F, Sen S, Galardon E, Artaud I. Sulfheme formation during homocysteine S-oxygenation by catalase in cancers and neurodegenerative diseases. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13386. [PMID: 27848965 PMCID: PMC5116089 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that abnormal levels of homocysteine are associated with vascular dysfunctions, cancer cell proliferation and various neurodegenerative diseases. With respect to the latter, a perturbation of transition metal homeostasis and an inhibition of catalase bioactivity have been reported. Herein, we report on some of the molecular bases for the cellular toxicity of homocysteine and demonstrate that it induces the formation of sulfcatalase, an irreversible inactive state of the enzyme, without the intervention of hydrogen sulfide. Initially, homocysteine reacts with native catalase and/or redox-active transition metal ions to generate thiyl radicals that mediate compound II formation, a temporarily inactive state of the enzyme. Then, the ferryl centre of compound II intervenes into the unprecedented S-oxygenation of homocysteine to engender the corresponding sulfenic acid species that further participates into the prosthetic heme modification through the formation of an unusual Fe(II) sulfonium. In addition, our ex cellulo studies performed on cancer cells, models of neurodegenerative diseases and ulcerative colitis suggest the likelihood of this scenario in a subset of cancer cells, as well as in a cellular model of Parkinson's disease. Our findings expand the repertoire of heme modifications promoted by biological compounds and point out another deleterious trait of disturbed homocysteine levels that could participate in the aetiology of these diseases. High levels of homocysteine in cells are linked to pathological states. Here, the authors report that homocysteine inactivates catalase by modifying the heme group, impairing cellular redox homeostasis, and show that this modification occurs in cancer cells and in a cellular model of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Padovani
- UMR 8601, LCBPT, CNRS-Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 45 rue des Sts Pères, Paris 75006, France
| | - Assia Hessani
- UMR 8601, LCBPT, CNRS-Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 45 rue des Sts Pères, Paris 75006, France
| | - Francine T Castillo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Géraldine Liot
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, UMR9199, CEA, CNRS, Paris-Sud University, Paris-Saclay University, MIRCen, I2BM, DRF, 18 route du Panorama, B.P. 6, Fontenay-aux-Roses 92265, France
| | - Mireille Andriamihaja
- UMR 914 INRA-AgroParisTech, Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, 16 Rue Claude Bernard, Paris 75005, France
| | - Annaïg Lan
- UMR 914 INRA-AgroParisTech, Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, 16 Rue Claude Bernard, Paris 75005, France
| | - Camilla Pilati
- INSERM UMR-S1147, CNRS SNC 5014, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 45 rue des Sts Pères, Paris 75006, France
| | - François Blachier
- UMR 914 INRA-AgroParisTech, Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, 16 Rue Claude Bernard, Paris 75005, France
| | - Suvajit Sen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Erwan Galardon
- UMR 8601, LCBPT, CNRS-Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 45 rue des Sts Pères, Paris 75006, France
| | - Isabelle Artaud
- UMR 8601, LCBPT, CNRS-Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 45 rue des Sts Pères, Paris 75006, France
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Ribou AC. Synthetic Sensors for Reactive Oxygen Species Detection and Quantification: A Critical Review of Current Methods. Antioxid Redox Signal 2016; 25:520-33. [PMID: 27225539 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Redox reactions play important roles in both physiological and pathological processes, highlighting the importance of quantifying and localizing intracellular redox-active components. Most research has focused on direct investigation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Intensity-based fluorescent methods are very sensitive and easy to use, but they lack specificity and can produce artifacts. In this article, we focus on synthetic sensors, describing experimental pitfalls associated with their use. We also present alternative methods for the detection of free radicals. RECENT ADVANCES New approaches have been developed to overcome the main artifact of intensity-based methods: spurious changes in fluorescence intensity caused by oxidation. These new approaches are based on analytical measurements of the oxidized sensors or techniques that are not susceptible to oxidation, such as electron spin resonance and fluorescence lifetime-based methods. Regardless of the approach, the need for detection of ROS on the subcellular level, especially in the mitochondria, has motivated the development of new probes. CRITICAL ISSUES Flow cytometry systems and confocal microscopes are now available to the majority of biologists, and commercially available probes are, therefore, more widely used. The fact that these new applications are cited in thousands of publications makes these sensors even more attractive. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The field of ROS detection by synthetic sensors continues to expand, bringing needed additional research to the development of robust techniques that are applicable both in vitro and in vivo. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 25, 520-533.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Cécile Ribou
- Institute of Modeling and Analysis in Geo-Environmental and Health (IMAGES_ESPACE-DEV), University of Perpignan Via Domitia , Perpignan, France
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Krause NC, Kutsche HS, Santangelo F, DeLeon ER, Dittrich NP, Olson KR, Althaus M. Hydrogen sulfide contributes to hypoxic inhibition of airway transepithelial sodium absorption. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2016; 311:R607-17. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00177.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
In lung epithelial cells, hypoxia decreases the expression and activity of sodium-transporting molecules, thereby reducing the rate of transepithelial sodium absorption. The mechanisms underlying the sensing of hypoxia and subsequent coupling to sodium-transporting molecules remain unclear. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has recently been recognized as a cellular signaling molecule whose intracellular concentrations critically depend on oxygen levels. Therefore, it was questioned whether endogenously produced H2S contributes to hypoxic inhibition of sodium transport. In electrophysiological Ussing chamber experiments, hypoxia was established by decreasing oxygen concentrations in the chambers. Hypoxia concentration dependently and reversibly decreased amiloride-sensitive sodium absorption by cultured H441 monolayers and freshly dissected porcine tracheal epithelia due to inhibition of basolateral Na+/K+-ATPase. Exogenous application of H2S by the sulfur salt Na2S mimicked the effect of hypoxia and inhibited amiloride-sensitive sodium absorption by both tissues in an oxygen-dependent manner. Hypoxia increased intracellular concentrations of H2S and decreased the concentration of polysulfides. Pretreatment with the cystathionine-γ-lyase inhibitor d/l-propargylglycine (PAG) decreased hypoxic inhibition of sodium transport by H441 monolayers, whereas inhibition of cystathionine-β-synthase (with aminooxy-acetic acid; AOAA) or 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (with aspartate) had no effect. Inhibition of all of these H2S-generating enzymes with a combination of AOAA, PAG, and aspartate decreased the hypoxic inhibition of sodium transport by H441 cells and pig tracheae and decreased H2S production by tracheae. These data suggest that airway epithelial cells endogenously produce H2S during hypoxia, and this contributes to hypoxic inhibition of transepithelial sodium absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole C. Krause
- Institute for Animal Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany; and
| | - Hanna S. Kutsche
- Institute for Animal Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany; and
| | - Fabrizio Santangelo
- Institute for Animal Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany; and
| | - Eric R. DeLeon
- Department of Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine-South Bend, South Bend, Indiana
| | - Nikolaus P. Dittrich
- Institute for Animal Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany; and
| | - Kenneth R. Olson
- Department of Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine-South Bend, South Bend, Indiana
| | - Mike Althaus
- Institute for Animal Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany; and
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56
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Yuan S, Pardue S, Shen X, Alexander JS, Orr AW, Kevil CG. Hydrogen sulfide metabolism regulates endothelial solute barrier function. Redox Biol 2016; 9:157-166. [PMID: 27552214 PMCID: PMC4993857 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an important gaseous signaling molecule in the cardiovascular system. In addition to free H2S, H2S can be oxidized to polysulfide which can be biologically active. Since the impact of H2S on endothelial solute barrier function is not known, we sought to determine whether H2S and its various metabolites affect endothelial permeability. In vitro permeability was evaluated using albumin flux and transendothelial electrical resistance. Different H2S donors were used to examine the effects of exogenous H2S. To evaluate the role of endogenous H2S, mouse aortic endothelial cells (MAECs) were isolated from wild type mice and mice lacking cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE), a predominant source of H2S in endothelial cells. In vivo permeability was evaluated using the Miles assay. We observed that polysulfide donors induced rapid albumin flux across endothelium. Comparatively, free sulfide donors increased permeability only with higher concentrations and at later time points. Increased solute permeability was associated with disruption of endothelial junction proteins claudin 5 and VE-cadherin, along with enhanced actin stress fiber formation. Importantly, sulfide donors that increase permeability elicited a preferential increase in polysulfide levels within endothelium. Similarly, CSE deficient MAECs showed enhanced solute barrier function along with reduced endogenous bound sulfane sulfur. CSE siRNA knockdown also enhanced endothelial junction structures with increased claudin 5 protein expression. In vivo, CSE genetic deficiency significantly blunted VEGF induced hyperpermeability revealing an important role of the enzyme for barrier function. In summary, endothelial solute permeability is critically regulated via exogenous and endogenous sulfide bioavailability with a prominent role of polysulfides. Polysulfide from cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) and exogenous polysulfide donors increases endothelial permeability. The ability of polysulfide to increase permeability is associated with junction disruption and stress fiber formation. CSE expression in vivo regulates VEGF induced hyper-permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yuan
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
| | - Sibile Pardue
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
| | - Xinggui Shen
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
| | - J Steven Alexander
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
| | - A Wayne Orr
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA; Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
| | - Christopher G Kevil
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA; Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and Sciences, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA.
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Gasotransmitters in Gametogenesis and Early Development: Holy Trinity for Assisted Reproductive Technology-A Review. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:1730750. [PMID: 27579148 PMCID: PMC4992752 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1730750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Creation of both gametes, sperm and oocyte, and their fusion during fertilization are essential step for beginning of life. Although molecular mechanisms regulating gametogenesis, fertilization, and early embryonic development are still subjected to intensive study, a lot of phenomena remain unclear. Based on our best knowledge and own results, we consider gasotransmitters to be essential for various signalisation in oocytes and embryos. In accordance with nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) physiological necessity, their involvement during oocyte maturation and regulative role in fertilization followed by embryonic development have been described. During these processes, NO- and H2S-derived posttranslational modifications represent the main mode of their regulative effect. While NO represent the most understood gasotransmitter and H2S is still intensively studied gasotransmitter, appreciation of carbon monoxide (CO) role in reproduction is still missing. Overall understanding of gasotransmitters including their interaction is promising for reproductive medicine and assisted reproductive technologies (ART), because these approaches contend with failure of in vitro assisted reproduction.
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58
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Lerner CA, Sundar IK, Rahman I. Mitochondrial redox system, dynamics, and dysfunction in lung inflammaging and COPD. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 81:294-306. [PMID: 27474491 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Myriad forms of endogenous and environmental stress disrupt mitochondrial function by impacting critical processes in mitochondrial homeostasis, such as mitochondrial redox system, oxidative phosphorylation, biogenesis, and mitophagy. External stressors that interfere with the steady state activity of mitochondrial functions are generally associated with an increase in reactive oxygen species, inflammatory response, and induction of cellular senescence (inflammaging) potentially via mitochondrial damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPS). Many of these are the key events in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and its exacerbations. In this review, we highlight the primary mitochondrial quality control mechanisms that are influenced by oxidative stress/redox system, including role of mitochondria during inflammation and cellular senescence, and how mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to the pathogenesis of COPD and its exacerbations via pathogenic stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad A Lerner
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Isaac K Sundar
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Irfan Rahman
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
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59
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Koning AM, Meijers WC, Pasch A, Leuvenink HGD, Frenay ARS, Dekker MM, Feelisch M, de Boer RA, van Goor H. Serum free thiols in chronic heart failure. Pharmacol Res 2016; 111:452-458. [PMID: 27378569 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a key element of the pathophysiology of heart failure (HF). As free thiols are readily oxidized by reactive oxygen and sulfur species, their circulating level may directly reflect the systemic redox status. This study addresses the role of serum free thiols in chronic HF, which is of particular interest as free thiols are amenable to therapeutic modulation and thus are a potential target for therapy. Free thiols were measured in serum of 101 previously characterized stable chronic HF patients (93% male, age 63.7±10.0y, left ventricular ejection fraction 34.6±8.2%), adjusted for total serum protein, and subsequently analysed for associations with clinical and outcome parameters. The mean serum free thiol concentration was 3.6±0.5μM/g protein. Patients with above-average levels were younger, had better renal function, lower levels of NT-proBNP and PTH, and higher levels of cholesterol. Furthermore, above-average levels were associated with favourable disease outcome, i.e. a decreased rehospitalisation rate and increased patient survival (HR 0.27 (95% CI 0.11-0.62), P=0.002) independent of associated clinical parameters, age and PTH. After adjustment for cholesterol or established prognostic factors in HF, eGFR and NT-proBNP the association was no longer significant, suggesting involvement of these variables in a common pathophysiological pathway. This exploratory study demonstrates favourable associations of serum free thiols with markers of HF severity and prognosis as well as disease outcome, which should be further investigated in larger prospective studies. Restoring redox status by therapeutic modulation of free thiols may be a promising strategy to improve disease outcome in CHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Koning
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter C Meijers
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Pasch
- Department of Nephrology, Clinical Research and Calciscon AG, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Henri G D Leuvenink
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anne-Roos S Frenay
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marinda M Dekker
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Feelisch
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Rudolf A de Boer
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harry van Goor
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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60
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DeLeon ER, Gao Y, Huang E, Olson KR. Garlic oil polysulfides: H2S- and O2-independent prooxidants in buffer and antioxidants in cells. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2016; 310:R1212-25. [PMID: 27101293 PMCID: PMC4935497 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00061.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The health benefits of garlic and other organosulfur-containing foods are well recognized and have been attributed to both prooxidant and antioxidant activities. The effects of garlic are surprisingly similar to those of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), which is also known to be released from garlic under certain conditions. However, recent evidence suggests that polysulfides, not H2S, may be the actual mediator of physiological signaling. In this study, we monitored formation of H2S and polysulfides from garlic oil in buffer and in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells with fluorescent dyes, 7-azido-4-methylcoumarin and SSP4, respectively and redox activity with two redox indicators redox-sensitive green fluorescent protein (roGFP) and DCF. Our results show that H2S release from garlic oil in buffer requires other low-molecular-weight thiols, such as cysteine (Cys) or glutathione (GSH), whereas polysulfides are readily detected in garlic oil alone. Administration of garlic oil to cells rapidly increases intracellular polysulfide but has minimal effects on H2S unless Cys or GSH are also present in the extracellular medium. We also observed that garlic oil and diallyltrisulfide (DATS) potently oxidized roGFP in buffer but did not affect DCF. This appears to be a direct polysulfide-mediated oxidation that does not require a reactive oxygen species intermediate. Conversely, when applied to cells, garlic oil became a significant intracellular reductant independent of extracellular Cys or GSH. This suggests that intracellular metabolism and further processing of the sulfur moieties are necessary to confer antioxidant properties to garlic oil in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric R DeLeon
- Indiana University School of Medicine-South Bend Center, South Bend, Indiana; and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
| | - Yan Gao
- Indiana University School of Medicine-South Bend Center, South Bend, Indiana; and
| | - Evelyn Huang
- Indiana University School of Medicine-South Bend Center, South Bend, Indiana; and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
| | - Kenneth R Olson
- Indiana University School of Medicine-South Bend Center, South Bend, Indiana; and
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61
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Witting PK. Measuring redox-active species in cells and tissues. Focus on "A case of mistaken identity: are reactive oxygen species actually reactive sulfide species?". Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2016; 310:R547-8. [PMID: 26887430 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00049.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul K Witting
- Discipline of Pathology, Sydney Medical School, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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