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Simard CF, Bergeron MJ, Frenette-Cotton R, Carpentier GA, Pelchat ME, Caron L, Isenring P. Homooligomeric and heterooligomeric associations between K+-Cl- cotransporter isoforms and between K+-Cl- and Na+-K+-Cl- cotransporters. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:18083-18093. [PMID: 17462999 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m607811200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known regarding the quaternary structure of cation-Cl- cotransporters (CCCs) except that the Na+-dependent CCCs can exist as homooligomeric units. Given that each of the CCCs exhibits unique functional properties and that several of these carriers coexist in various cell types, it would be of interest to determine whether the four K+-Cl- cotransporter (KCC) isoforms and their splice variants can also assemble into such units and, more importantly, whether they can form heterooligomers by interacting with each other or with the secretory Na+-K+-Cl- cotransporter (NKCC1). In the present work, we have addressed these questions by conducting two groups of analyses: 1) yeast two-hybrid and pull-down assays in which CCC-derived protein segments were used as both bait and prey and 2) coimmunoprecipitation and functional studies of intact CCCs coexpressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Through a combination of such analyses, we have found that KCC2 and KCC4 could adopt various oligomeric states (in the form of KCC2-KCC2, KCC4-KCC4, KCC2-KCC4, and even KCC4-NKCC1 complexes), that their carboxyl termini were probably involved in carrier assembly, and that the KCC4-NKCC1 oligomers, more specifically, could deploy unique functional features. Through additional coimmunoprecipitation studies, we have also found that KCC1 and KCC3 had the potential of assembling into various types of CCC-CCC oligomers as well, although the interactions uncovered were not characterized as extensively, and the protein segments involved were not identified in yeast two-hybrid assays. Taken together, these findings could change our views on how CCCs operate or are regulated in animal cells by suggesting, in particular, that cation-Cl- cotransport achieves higher levels of functional diversity than foreseen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles F Simard
- Nephrology Research Group, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec Research Institution, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Québec G1R 2J6, Canada
| | - Marc J Bergeron
- Nephrology Research Group, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec Research Institution, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Québec G1R 2J6, Canada
| | - Rachelle Frenette-Cotton
- Nephrology Research Group, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec Research Institution, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Québec G1R 2J6, Canada
| | - Gabriel A Carpentier
- Nephrology Research Group, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec Research Institution, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Québec G1R 2J6, Canada
| | - Marie-Eve Pelchat
- Nephrology Research Group, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec Research Institution, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Québec G1R 2J6, Canada
| | - Luc Caron
- Nephrology Research Group, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec Research Institution, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Québec G1R 2J6, Canada
| | - Paul Isenring
- Nephrology Research Group, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec Research Institution, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Québec G1R 2J6, Canada.
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52
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Rust MB, Alper SL, Rudhard Y, Shmukler BE, Vicente R, Brugnara C, Trudel M, Jentsch TJ, Hübner CA. Disruption of erythroid K-Cl cotransporters alters erythrocyte volume and partially rescues erythrocyte dehydration in SAD mice. J Clin Invest 2007; 117:1708-17. [PMID: 17510708 PMCID: PMC1866252 DOI: 10.1172/jci30630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2006] [Accepted: 03/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
K-Cl cotransport activity in rbc is a major determinant of rbc volume and density. Pathologic activation of erythroid K-Cl cotransport activity in sickle cell disease contributes to rbc dehydration and cell sickling. To address the roles of individual K-Cl cotransporter isoforms in rbc volume homeostasis, we disrupted the Kcc1 and Kcc3 genes in mice. As rbc K-Cl cotransport activity was undiminished in Kcc1(-/-) mice, decreased in Kcc3(-/-) mice, and almost completely abolished in mice lacking both isoforms, we conclude that K-Cl cotransport activity of mouse rbc is mediated largely by KCC3. Whereas rbc of either Kcc1(-/-) or Kcc3(-/-) mice were of normal density, rbc of Kcc1(-/-)Kcc3(-/-) mice exhibited defective volume regulation, including increased mean corpuscular volume, decreased density, and increased susceptibility to osmotic lysis. K-Cl cotransport activity was increased in rbc of SAD mice, which are transgenic for a hypersickling human hemoglobin S variant. Kcc1(-/-)Kcc3(-/-) SAD rbc lacked nearly all K-Cl cotransport activity and exhibited normalized values of mean corpuscular volume, corpuscular hemoglobin concentration mean, and K(+) content. Although disruption of K-Cl cotransport rescued the dehydration phenotype of most SAD rbc, the proportion of the densest red blood cell population remained unaffected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco B. Rust
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie Hamburg, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
Molecular and Vascular Medicine Unit and Renal Unit, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie and Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, Berlin, Germany.
Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Children’s Hospital, and Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Molecular Genetics and Development, Faculté de Médecine de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Seth L. Alper
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie Hamburg, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
Molecular and Vascular Medicine Unit and Renal Unit, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie and Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, Berlin, Germany.
Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Children’s Hospital, and Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Molecular Genetics and Development, Faculté de Médecine de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - York Rudhard
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie Hamburg, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
Molecular and Vascular Medicine Unit and Renal Unit, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie and Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, Berlin, Germany.
Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Children’s Hospital, and Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Molecular Genetics and Development, Faculté de Médecine de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Boris E. Shmukler
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie Hamburg, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
Molecular and Vascular Medicine Unit and Renal Unit, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie and Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, Berlin, Germany.
Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Children’s Hospital, and Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Molecular Genetics and Development, Faculté de Médecine de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rubén Vicente
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie Hamburg, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
Molecular and Vascular Medicine Unit and Renal Unit, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie and Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, Berlin, Germany.
Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Children’s Hospital, and Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Molecular Genetics and Development, Faculté de Médecine de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carlo Brugnara
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie Hamburg, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
Molecular and Vascular Medicine Unit and Renal Unit, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie and Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, Berlin, Germany.
Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Children’s Hospital, and Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Molecular Genetics and Development, Faculté de Médecine de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marie Trudel
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie Hamburg, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
Molecular and Vascular Medicine Unit and Renal Unit, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie and Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, Berlin, Germany.
Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Children’s Hospital, and Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Molecular Genetics and Development, Faculté de Médecine de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas J. Jentsch
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie Hamburg, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
Molecular and Vascular Medicine Unit and Renal Unit, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie and Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, Berlin, Germany.
Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Children’s Hospital, and Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Molecular Genetics and Development, Faculté de Médecine de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian A. Hübner
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie Hamburg, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
Molecular and Vascular Medicine Unit and Renal Unit, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie and Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, Berlin, Germany.
Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Children’s Hospital, and Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Molecular Genetics and Development, Faculté de Médecine de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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de los Heros P, Kahle KT, Rinehart J, Bobadilla NA, Vázquez N, San Cristobal P, Mount DB, Lifton RP, Hebert SC, Gamba G. WNK3 bypasses the tonicity requirement for K-Cl cotransporter activation via a phosphatase-dependent pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:1976-81. [PMID: 16446421 PMCID: PMC1413675 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0510947103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
SLC12A cation/Cl- cotransporters are mutated in human disease, are targets of diuretics, and are collectively involved in the regulation of cell volume, neuronal excitability, and blood pressure. This gene family has two major branches with different physiological functions and inverse regulation: K-Cl cotransporters (KCC1-KCC4) mediate cellular Cl- efflux, are inhibited by phosphorylation, and are activated by dephosphorylation; Na-(K)-Cl cotransporters (NCC and NKCC1/2) mediate cellular Cl- influx and are activated by phosphorylation. A single kinase/phosphatase pathway is thought to coordinate the activities of these cotransporters in a given cell; however, the mechanisms involved are as yet unknown. We previously demonstrated that WNK3, a paralog of serine-threonine kinases mutated in hereditary hypertension, is coexpressed with several cation/Cl- cotransporters and regulates their activity. Here, we show that WNK3 completely prevents the cell swelling-induced activation of KCC1-KCC4 in Xenopus oocytes. In contrast, catalytically inactive WNK3 abolishes the cell shrinkage-induced inhibition of KCC1-KCC4, resulting in a >100-fold stimulation of K-Cl cotransport during conditions in which transport is normally inactive. This activation is completely abolished by calyculin A and cyclosporine A, inhibitors of protein phosphatase 1 and 2B, respectively. Wild-type WNK3 activates Na-(K)-Cl cotransporters by increasing their phosphorylation, and catalytically inactive kinase inhibits Na-(K)-Cl cotransporters by decreasing their phosphorylation, such that our data suggest that WNK3 is a crucial component of the kinase/phosphatase signaling pathway that coordinately regulates the Cl- influx and efflux branches of the SLC12A cotransporter family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola de los Heros
- *Molecular Physiology Unit, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalpan, Mexico City, 14000, Mexico
| | - Kristopher T. Kahle
- Department of Genetics and
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510; and
| | | | - Norma A. Bobadilla
- *Molecular Physiology Unit, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalpan, Mexico City, 14000, Mexico
| | - Norma Vázquez
- *Molecular Physiology Unit, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalpan, Mexico City, 14000, Mexico
| | - Pedro San Cristobal
- *Molecular Physiology Unit, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalpan, Mexico City, 14000, Mexico
| | - David B. Mount
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Division of General Internal Medicine, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | | | - Steven C. Hebert
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510; and
| | - Gerardo Gamba
- *Molecular Physiology Unit, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalpan, Mexico City, 14000, Mexico
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