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De Vuyst É, Mound A, Lambert de Rouvroit C, Poumay Y. Modelling atopic dermatitis during the morphogenetic process involved in reconstruction of a human epidermis. Curr Res Transl Med 2016; 64:179-183. [PMID: 27939456 DOI: 10.1016/j.retram.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Most crucial role of epidermis is to maintain efficient barrier between the organism and its environment. This barrier is however perturbed in inflammatory skin conditions like atopic dermatitis (AD), one common chronic disease. This review depicts characteristics of a model intending to reproduce epidermal features of AD in vitro. Firstly, methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD) during reconstruction of epidermis was used to deplete cholesterol from plasma membrane because this condition reproduces characteristics of AD at transcriptomic level in monolayer cultures. Major changes are confirmed after same treatment inside reconstructed human epidermis (RHE). However, since early treatment do not reveal impairment to reconstruct a functional epidermal barrier and given the importance of the Th2 dysregulated immune response in AD, cholesterol-depleted RHE at day 11 of reconstruction were then incubated with three Th2-related cytokines (IL-4, IL-13 and IL-25) previously reported as playing important roles in the development of AD, as well as altering overall function of epidermal barrier. When combining both treatments, essential epidermal features of AD are observed. Indeed, RHE then exhibit spongiosis, disappearing granular layer, alteration of barrier function, as well as dysregulated expression levels for genes involved in AD pathogenesis. Moreover, while trying to identify individual roles for each component used to create AD-like alterations, incubation with IL-4 following cholesterol depletion from plasma membrane was found inducing most of the reported alterations. This model suggests potential for better investigations of epidermal AD features and may be considered for eventual in vitro screening of cosmetics or therapeutic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- É De Vuyst
- URPHYM, Namur research institute for life sciences, University of Namur, 61, rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - A Mound
- URPHYM, Namur research institute for life sciences, University of Namur, 61, rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - C Lambert de Rouvroit
- URPHYM, Namur research institute for life sciences, University of Namur, 61, rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Y Poumay
- URPHYM, Namur research institute for life sciences, University of Namur, 61, rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium.
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Aries MF, Hernandez-Pigeon H, Vaissière C, Delga H, Caruana A, Lévêque M, Bourrain M, Ravard Helffer K, Chol B, Nguyen T, Bessou-Touya S, Castex-Rizzi N. Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of Aquaphilus dolomiae extract on in vitro models. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2016; 9:421-434. [PMID: 27877060 PMCID: PMC5108493 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s113180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common skin disease characterized by recurrent pruritic inflammatory skin lesions resulting from structural and immune defects of the skin barrier. Previous studies have shown the clinical efficacy of Avène thermal spring water in AD, and a new microorganism, Aquaphilus dolomiae was suspected to contribute to these unique properties. The present study evaluated the anti-inflammatory, antipruritic, and immunomodulatory properties of ES0, an original biological extract of A. dolomiae, in immune and inflammatory cell models in order to assess its potential use in the treatment of AD. Materials and methods An ES0 extract containing periplasmic and membrane proteins, peptides, lipopolysaccharides, and exopolysaccharides was obtained from A. dolomiae. The effects of the extract on pruritus and inflammatory mediators and immune mechanisms were evaluated by using various AD cell models and assays. Results In a keratinocyte model, ES0 inhibited the expression of the inflammatory mediators, thymic stromal lymphopoietin, interleukin (IL)-18, IL-4R, IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein-3, macrophage inflammatory protein-3α, and macrophage-derived chemokine and induced the expression of involucrin, which is involved in skin barrier keratinocyte terminal differentiation. In addition, ES0 inhibited protease-activated receptor-2 activation in HaCaT human keratinocytes stimulated by stratum corneum tryptic enzyme and T helper type (Th) 1, Th2, and Th17 cytokine production in Staphylococcal enterotoxin B–stimulated CD4+ lymphocytes. Lastly, ES0 markedly activated innate immunity through toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, TLR4, and TLR5 activation (in recombinant human embryonic kidney 293 cells) and through antimicrobial peptide induction (psoriasin, human beta-defensin-2, and cathelicidin), mainly through TLR5 activation (in normal human keratinocytes). Conclusion Overall, these in vitro results confirm the marked regulatory activity of this A. dolomiae extract on inflammatory and immune responses, which may be of value by virtue of its potential as an adjunctive treatment of AD inflammatory and pruritic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Françoise Aries
- Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique, Centre de Recherche & Développement Pierre Fabre, Toulouse
| | | | - Clémence Vaissière
- Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique, Centre de Recherche & Développement Pierre Fabre, Toulouse
| | - Hélène Delga
- Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique, Centre de Recherche & Développement Pierre Fabre, Toulouse
| | - Antony Caruana
- Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique, Centre de Recherche & Développement Pierre Fabre, Toulouse
| | - Marguerite Lévêque
- Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique, Centre de Recherche & Développement Pierre Fabre, Toulouse
| | - Muriel Bourrain
- Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique, Centre de Recherche & Développement Pierre Fabre, Toulouse; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologies Microbiennes (LBBM), Observatoire Océanologique, Banyuls/Mer, France
| | - Katia Ravard Helffer
- Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique, Centre de Recherche & Développement Pierre Fabre, Toulouse
| | - Bertrand Chol
- Centre d'Immunologie Pierre Fabre, Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
| | - Thien Nguyen
- Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique, Centre de Recherche & Développement Pierre Fabre, Toulouse
| | - Sandrine Bessou-Touya
- Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique, Centre de Recherche & Développement Pierre Fabre, Toulouse
| | - Nathalie Castex-Rizzi
- Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique, Centre de Recherche & Développement Pierre Fabre, Toulouse
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Im JS, Herrmann AC, Bernatchez C, Haymaker C, Molldrem JJ, Hong WK, Perez-Soler R. Immune-Modulation by Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitors: Implication on Anti-Tumor Immunity in Lung Cancer. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160004. [PMID: 27467256 PMCID: PMC4965069 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin toxicity is the most common toxicity caused by Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) inhibitors, and has been associated with clinical efficacy. As EGFR inhibitors enhance the expression of antigen presenting molecules in affected skin keratinocytes, they may concurrently facilitate neo-antigen presentation in lung cancer tumor cells contributing to anti-tumor immunity. Here, we investigated the modulatory effect of the EGFR inhibitor, erlotinib on antigen presenting molecules and PD-L1, prominent immune checkpoint protein, of skin keratinocytes and lung cancer cell lines to delineate the link between EGFR signaling pathway inhibition and potential anti-tumor immunity. Erlotinib up-regulated MHC-I and MHC-II proteins on IFNγ treated keratinocytes but abrogated IFNγ-induced expression of PD-L1, suggesting the potential role of infiltrating autoreactive T cells in the damage of keratinocytes in affected skin. Interestingly, the surface expression of MHC-I, MHC-II, and PD-L1 was up-regulated in response to IFNγ more often in lung cancer cell lines sensitive to erlotinib, but only expression of PD-L1 was inhibited by erlotinib. Further, erlotinib significantly increased T cell mediated cytotoxicity on lung cancer cells. Lastly, the analysis of gene expression dataset of 186 lung cancer cell lines from Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia demonstrated that overexpression of PD-L1 was associated with sensitivity to erlotinib and higher expression of genes related to antigen presenting pathways and IFNγ signaling pathway. Our findings suggest that the EGFR inhibitors can facilitate anti-tumor adaptive immune responses by breaking tolerance especially in EGFR driven lung cancer that are associated with overexpression of PD-L1 and genes related to antigen presentation and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin S. Im
- Section of Transplantation Immunology, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Amanda C. Herrmann
- Section of Transplantation Immunology, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Chantale Bernatchez
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Cara Haymaker
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey J. Molldrem
- Section of Transplantation Immunology, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Waun Ki Hong
- Department of Thoracic H&N Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Roman Perez-Soler
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
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Jepsen AA, Chawes BL, Carson CG, Schoos AMM, Thysen AH, Waage J, Brix S, Bisgaard H. High breast milk IL-1β level is associated with reduced risk of childhood eczema. Clin Exp Allergy 2016; 46:1344-54. [PMID: 27251401 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We recently demonstrated a dual effect of breastfeeding with increased risk of eczema and decreased risk of wheezing in early childhood by increasing breastfeeding length. We hypothesize that immune mediators in breast milk could explain such association either through a direct effect or as a surrogate marker of maternal immune constitution. OBJECTIVE To investigate the possible association between cytokine and chemokine levels in breast milk and development of eczema and recurrent wheeze during early childhood. METHODS Levels of 19 pro-inflammatory and immunoregulatory cytokines and chemokines were measured in 223 breast milk samples from mothers in the Copenhagen Prospective Study on Asthma in Childhood2000 (COPSAC) high-risk birth cohort. Eczema and recurrent wheeze at the age of 0-3 years were prospectively diagnosed by COPSAC physicians adherent to predefined validated algorithms. Association analyses were performed by Cox regression adjusting for potential confounding factors and by multivariable principal component analysis. RESULTS Increased IL-1β in breast milk (≥ 0.7 pg/mL) was associated with more than a halved risk of eczema before age three (aHR = 0.41; 95% CI = 0.24-0.68; P < 0.001), which remained significant after false discovery rate adjustment (P = 0.008). The principal component analysis confirmed that a mediator pattern dominated by high levels of IL-1β, IL-17A, and CCL17 and low levels of CXCL1 and TSLP in breast milk protected against eczema (aHR = 0.82; 95% CI = 0.68-0.98; P = 0.03). No associations were observed for recurrent wheeze. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Elevated breast milk IL-1β level was associated with decreased risk of early childhood eczema suggesting either a direct protective effect of IL-1β or IL-1b acting as a proxy for a healthy maternal immune system protecting high-risk offspring from eczema.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Jepsen
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Study on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - B L Chawes
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Study on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C G Carson
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Study on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A-M M Schoos
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Study on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A H Thysen
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Study on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Waage
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Study on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S Brix
- Department of Systems Biology, Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - H Bisgaard
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Study on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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55
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Pohin M, Guesdon W, Mekouo AAT, Rabeony H, Paris I, Atanassov H, Favot L, Mcheik J, Bernard FX, Richards CD, Amiaud J, Blanchard F, Lecron JC, Morel F, Jégou JF. Oncostatin M overexpression induces skin inflammation but is not required in the mouse model of imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like inflammation. Eur J Immunol 2016; 46:1737-51. [PMID: 27122058 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201546216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oncostatin M (OSM) has been reported to be overexpressed in psoriasis skin lesions and to exert proinflammatory effects in vitro on human keratinocytes. Here, we report the proinflammatory role of OSM in vivo in a mouse model of skin inflammation induced by intradermal injection of murine OSM-encoding adenovirus (AdOSM) and compare with that induced by IL-6 injection. Here, we show that OSM potently regulates the expression of genes involved in skin inflammation and epidermal differentiation in murine primary keratinocytes. In vivo, intradermal injection of AdOSM in mouse ears provoked robust skin inflammation with epidermal thickening and keratinocyte proliferation, while minimal effect was observed after AdIL-6 injection. OSM overexpression in the skin increased the expression of the S100A8/9 antimicrobial peptides, CXCL3, CCL2, CCL5, CCL20, and Th1/Th2 cytokines, in correlation with neutrophil and macrophage infiltration. In contrast, OSM downregulated the expression of epidermal differentiation genes, such as cytokeratin-10 or filaggrin. Collectively, these results support the proinflammatory role of OSM when it is overexpressed in the skin. However, OSM expression was not required in the murine model of psoriasis induced by topical application of imiquimod, as demonstrated by the inflammatory phenotype of OSM-deficient mice or wild-type mice treated with anti-OSM antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Pohin
- Laboratoire Inflammation, Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines (LITEC), EA 4331, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - William Guesdon
- Laboratoire Inflammation, Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines (LITEC), EA 4331, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Adela Andrine Tagne Mekouo
- Laboratoire Inflammation, Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines (LITEC), EA 4331, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Hanitriniaina Rabeony
- Laboratoire Inflammation, Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines (LITEC), EA 4331, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Isabelle Paris
- Laboratoire Inflammation, Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines (LITEC), EA 4331, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Hristo Atanassov
- Laboratoire Inflammation, Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines (LITEC), EA 4331, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Laure Favot
- Laboratoire Inflammation, Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines (LITEC), EA 4331, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Jiad Mcheik
- Laboratoire Inflammation, Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines (LITEC), EA 4331, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - François-Xavier Bernard
- Laboratoire Inflammation, Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines (LITEC), EA 4331, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France.,BioAlternatives, Gençay, France
| | - Carl D Richards
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jérôme Amiaud
- INSERM UMR 957, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | | | - Jean-Claude Lecron
- Laboratoire Inflammation, Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines (LITEC), EA 4331, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Franck Morel
- Laboratoire Inflammation, Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines (LITEC), EA 4331, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Jean-François Jégou
- Laboratoire Inflammation, Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines (LITEC), EA 4331, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
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Göblös A, Danis J, Vas K, Bata-Csörgő Z, Kemény L, Széll M. Keratinocytes express functional CARD18, a negative regulator of inflammasome activation, and its altered expression in psoriasis may contribute to disease pathogenesis. Mol Immunol 2016; 73:10-8. [PMID: 27023378 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2016.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Caspase recruitment domain family member 18 (CARD18, Iceberg) is known as a negative regulatory molecule that inhibits inflammatory events by terminating inflammasome activation due to a direct interaction with pro-caspase-1. During the investigation of molecular mechanisms in keratinocytes that contribute to the pathogenesis of psoriasis, we found that CARD18 expression differs in healthy and psoriatic skin; moreover, CARD18 demonstrated altered response under inflammatory conditions in healthy and psoriatic skin. In healthy skin, low basal CARD18 expression was detected, which showed significant elevation in response to inflammatory stimuli (lymphokine treatment or mechanical injury). In contrast, higher basal expression was observed in psoriatic non-involved skin, but no further induction could be detected. We demonstrated that keratinocytes express CARD18 both at mRNA and protein levels and the expression increased in parallel with differentiation. The investigation of cellular inflammatory processes revealed that psoriasis-associated danger signals triggered the expression of inflammasome components (AIM2, Caspase-1) and CARD18 as well as IL-1β production of keratinocytes. Furthermore, gene-specific silencing of CARD18 in cells treated with cytosolic DNA (poly(dA:dT)) resulted in increased IL-1β secretion, suggesting a negative regulatory role for CARD18 in keratinocyte inflammatory signaling. The differential regulation of CARD18 in healthy and psoriatic uninvolved epidermis may contribute to the susceptibility of psoriasis. Furthermore, our in vitro results indicate that CARD18 may contribute to the fine tuning of keratinocyte innate immune processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anikó Göblös
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Korányifasor 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Judit Danis
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Korányifasor 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Krisztina Vas
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Korányifasor 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Zsuzsanna Bata-Csörgő
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Korányifasor 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; MTA-SZTE Dermatological Research Group, University of Szeged, Korányifasor 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Lajos Kemény
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Korányifasor 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; MTA-SZTE Dermatological Research Group, University of Szeged, Korányifasor 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Márta Széll
- MTA-SZTE Dermatological Research Group, University of Szeged, Korányifasor 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Szeged, Somogyi u. 4, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
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57
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Lee HS, Choi EJ, Lee KS, Kim HR, Na BR, Kwon MS, Jeong GS, Choi HG, Choi EY, Jun CD. Oral Administration of p-Hydroxycinnamic Acid Attenuates Atopic Dermatitis by Downregulating Th1 and Th2 Cytokine Production and Keratinocyte Activation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150952. [PMID: 26959360 PMCID: PMC4784746 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a complex disease that is caused by various factors, including environmental change, genetic defects, and immune imbalance. We previously showed that p-hydroxycinnamic acid (HCA) isolated from the roots of Curcuma longa inhibits T-cell activation without inducing cell death. Here, we demonstrated that oral administration of HCA in a mouse model of ear AD attenuates the following local and systemic AD manifestations: ear thickening, immune-cell infiltration, production of AD-promoting immunoregulatory cytokines in ear tissues, increased spleen and draining lymph node size and weight, increased pro-inflammatory cytokine production by draining lymph nodes, and elevated serum immunoglobulin production. HCA treatment of CD4+ T cells in vitro suppressed their proliferation and differentiation into Th1 or Th2 and their Th1 and Th2 cytokine production. HCA treatment of keratinocytes lowered their production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines that drive either Th1 or Th2 responses in AD. Thus, HCA may be of therapeutic potential for AD as it acts by suppressing keratinocyte activation and downregulating T-cell differentiation and cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Su Lee
- School of Life Sciences, Immune Synapse Research Center and Cell Dynamics Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ju Choi
- Division of Sport Science, College of Natural Sciences, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Sik Lee
- School of Life Sciences, Immune Synapse Research Center and Cell Dynamics Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Ran Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Immune Synapse Research Center and Cell Dynamics Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Ra Na
- School of Life Sciences, Immune Synapse Research Center and Cell Dynamics Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Sung Kwon
- School of Life Sciences, Immune Synapse Research Center and Cell Dynamics Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Gil-Saeng Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Gyu Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Young Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (EYC); (C-DJ)
| | - Chang-Duk Jun
- School of Life Sciences, Immune Synapse Research Center and Cell Dynamics Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (EYC); (C-DJ)
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Integrating longitudinal serum IL-17 and IL-23 follow-up, along with autoantibodies variation, contributes to predict bullous pemphigoid outcome. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18001. [PMID: 26656739 PMCID: PMC4677293 DOI: 10.1038/srep18001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an inflammatory autoimmune bullous disease involving cytokines and proteases in the process of blister formation. Recently, IL-17 and IL-23 were evidenced in lesional skin and serum of BP patients at time of diagnosis, but their involvement in disease outcome has still not been investigated yet. We then analysed IL-17 and IL-23 serum levels during the first months of follow-up upon treatment. Compared with age- and sex- matched controls, high levels of IL-23 were observed at baseline in BP patients serum (P < 0.01), while IL-17 levels was not. However, some BP patients expressed high IL-17 serum level, independently of disease severity. In these patients, those with ongoing remission reduced IL-17 concentration upon treatment (P < 0.001), whereas IL-17 level remained elevated in patients who relapsed. Meanwhile, IL-23 serum levels increased during the first month of treatment in BP patients who later relapsed (P < 0.01) and MMP-9 serum level was not controlled. Accordingly, we found that both IL-17 and IL-23 increased MMP-9 secretion from leukocytes in-vitro. Then, we showed that elevated IL-17/IL-23 serum concentrations helped to discriminate BP patients who later relapsed. Such uncontrolled inflammatory response raises the question whether these molecules could become biological target for BP patients resistant to steroid treatment.
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59
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Rouaud-Tinguely P, Boudier D, Marchand L, Barruche V, Bordes S, Coppin H, Roth MP, Closs B. From the morphological to the transcriptomic characterization of a compromised three-dimensional in vitro model mimicking atopic dermatitis. Br J Dermatol 2015; 173:1006-14. [PMID: 26147950 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.14012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease in which skin barrier function is disrupted. In this AD environment, proinflammatory cytokines are upregulated, promoting a vicious circle of inflammation. Although several three-dimensional in vitro models mimicking AD have been published, no study has presented a fully characterized and controlled model of AD-related inflammation. OBJECTIVES To develop and characterize, from the morphological to the molecular level, a compromised reconstructed epidermis (RE) mimicking AD-related inflammation in vitro. METHODS Normal human keratinocytes were used to generate RE, treated or not with an inflammatory cocktail (polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-4 and interleukin-13). RESULTS The inflammatory cocktail induces some modifications observed in patients with AD: (i) it leads to spongiosis; (ii) it alters early and terminal differentiation proteins; (iii) it increases thymic stromal lymphopoietin and interleukin-8 secretion by keratinocytes and (iv) it results in a specific gene expression pattern. CONCLUSIONS The inflammatory context contributes to the morphological, functional and transcriptomic changes observed in AD skin. As a result, this compromised RE model shares some characteristics with those found in AD skin and thus can be used as a relevant tool for screening formulations and drugs for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - D Boudier
- R&D Department, SILAB, BP 213, 19108, Brive CEDEX, France
| | - L Marchand
- R&D Department, SILAB, BP 213, 19108, Brive CEDEX, France
| | - V Barruche
- R&D Department, SILAB, BP 213, 19108, Brive CEDEX, France
| | - S Bordes
- R&D Department, SILAB, BP 213, 19108, Brive CEDEX, France
| | - H Coppin
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Inserm U1043, CNRS U5282, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - M P Roth
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Inserm U1043, CNRS U5282, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - B Closs
- R&D Department, SILAB, BP 213, 19108, Brive CEDEX, France
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Field KA, Johnson JS, Lilley TM, Reeder SM, Rogers EJ, Behr MJ, Reeder DM. The White-Nose Syndrome Transcriptome: Activation of Anti-fungal Host Responses in Wing Tissue of Hibernating Little Brown Myotis. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1005168. [PMID: 26426272 PMCID: PMC4591128 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
White-nose syndrome (WNS) in North American bats is caused by an invasive cutaneous infection by the psychrophilic fungus Pseudogymnoascus destructans (Pd). We compared transcriptome-wide changes in gene expression using RNA-Seq on wing skin tissue from hibernating little brown myotis (Myotis lucifugus) with WNS to bats without Pd exposure. We found that WNS caused significant changes in gene expression in hibernating bats including pathways involved in inflammation, wound healing, and metabolism. Local acute inflammatory responses were initiated by fungal invasion. Gene expression was increased for inflammatory cytokines, including interleukins (IL) IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17C, IL-20, IL-23A, IL-24, and G-CSF and chemokines, such as Ccl2 and Ccl20. This pattern of gene expression changes demonstrates that WNS is accompanied by an innate anti-fungal host response similar to that caused by cutaneous Candida albicans infections. However, despite the apparent production of appropriate chemokines, immune cells such as neutrophils and T cells do not appear to be recruited. We observed upregulation of acute inflammatory genes, including prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 (cyclooxygenase-2), that generate eicosanoids and other nociception mediators. We also observed differences in Pd gene expression that suggest host-pathogen interactions that might determine WNS progression. We identified several classes of potential virulence factors that are expressed in Pd during WNS, including secreted proteases that may mediate tissue invasion. These results demonstrate that hibernation does not prevent a local inflammatory response to Pd infection but that recruitment of leukocytes to the site of infection does not occur. The putative virulence factors may provide novel targets for treatment or prevention of WNS. These observations support a dual role for inflammation during WNS; inflammatory responses provide protection but excessive inflammation may contribute to mortality, either by affecting torpor behavior or causing damage upon emergence in the spring. White-nose syndrome is the most devastating epizootic wildlife disease of mammals in history, having killed millions of hibernating bats in North America since 2007. We have used next-generation RNA sequencing to provide a survey of the gene expression changes that accompany this disease in the skin of bats infected with the causative fungus. We identified possible new mechanisms that may either provide protection or contribute to mortality, including inflammatory immune responses. Contrary to expectations that hibernation represents a period of dormancy, we found that gene expression pathways were responsive to the environment. We also examined which genes were expressed in the pathogen and identified several classes of genes that could contribute to the virulence of this disease. Gene expression changes in the host were associated with local inflammation despite the fact that the bats were hibernating. However, we found that hibernating bats with white-nose syndrome lack some of the responses known to defend other mammals from fungal infection. We propose that bats could be protected from white-nose syndrome if these responses could be established prior to hibernation or if treatments could block the virulence factors expressed by the pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth A. Field
- Department of Biology, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Joseph S. Johnson
- Department of Biology, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Thomas M. Lilley
- Department of Biology, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Sophia M. Reeder
- Department of Biology, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth J. Rogers
- Department of Biology, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Melissa J. Behr
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - DeeAnn M. Reeder
- Department of Biology, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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61
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Fibroblast heterogeneity and its implications for engineering organotypic skin models in vitro. Eur J Cell Biol 2015; 94:483-512. [PMID: 26344860 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in cell culture methods, multidisciplinary research, clinical need to replace lost skin tissues and regulatory need to replace animal models with alternative test methods has led to development of three dimensional models of human skin. In general, these in vitro models of skin consist of keratinocytes cultured over fibroblast-populated dermal matrices. Accumulating evidences indicate that mesenchyme-derived signals are essential for epidermal morphogenesis, homeostasis and differentiation. Various studies show that fibroblasts isolated from different tissues in the body are dynamic in nature and are morphologically and functionally heterogeneous subpopulations. Further, these differences seem to be dictated by the local biological and physical microenvironment the fibroblasts reside resulting in "positional identity or memory". Furthermore, the heterogeneity among the fibroblasts play a critical role in scarless wound healing and complete restoration of native tissue architecture in fetus and oral mucosa; and excessive scar formation in diseased states like keloids and hypertrophic scars. In this review, we summarize current concepts about the heterogeneity among fibroblasts and their role in various wound healing environments. Further, we contemplate how the insights on fibroblast heterogeneity could be applied for the development of next generation organotypic skin models.
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Bae ON, Noh M, Chun YJ, Jeong TC. Keratinocytic vascular endothelial growth factor as a novel biomarker for pathological skin condition. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2015; 23:12-8. [PMID: 25593638 PMCID: PMC4286744 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2014.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin is an emerging target tissue in pharmaceutical and cosmetic science. Safety assessment for dermal toxicity is a critical step for development of topically applicable pharmaceutical agents and ingredients in cosmetics. Urgent needs exist to set up toxicity testing methods for dermal safety, and identification of novel biomarkers for pathological cutaneous alteration is highly required. Here we will discuss if vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has a potential as a biomarker for dermal impairment. Experimental and clinical evidences for induction of keratinocytic VEGF under pathological conditions will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ok-Nam Bae
- College of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 426-791
| | - Minsoo Noh
- Collge of Pharmacy, Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742
| | - Young-Jin Chun
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756
| | - Tae Cheon Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 712-749, Republic of Korea
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63
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Rabeony H, Petit-Paris I, Garnier J, Barrault C, Pedretti N, Guilloteau K, Jegou JF, Guillet G, Huguier V, Lecron JC, Bernard FX, Morel F. Inhibition of keratinocyte differentiation by the synergistic effect of IL-17A, IL-22, IL-1α, TNFα and oncostatin M. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101937. [PMID: 25010647 PMCID: PMC4092099 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Keratinocyte differentiation program leading to an organized epidermis plays a key role in maintaining the first line of defense of the skin. Epidermal integrity is regulated by a tight communication between keratinocytes and leucocytes, particularly under cytokine control. Imbalance of the cytokine network leads to inflammatory diseases such as psoriasis. Our attempt to model skin inflammation showed that the combination of IL-17A, IL-22, IL-1α, OSM and TNFα (Mix M5) synergistically increases chemokine and antimicrobial-peptide expression, recapitulating some features of psoriasis. Other characteristics of psoriasis are acanthosis and down-regulation of keratinocyte differentiation markers. Our aim was to characterize the specific roles of these cytokines on keratinocyte differentiation, and to compare with psoriatic lesion features. All cytokines decrease keratinocyte differentiation markers, but IL-22 and OSM were the most powerful, and the M5 strongly synergized the effects. In addition, IL-22 and OSM induced epidermal hyperplasia in vitro and M5 induced epidermal thickening and decreased differentiation marker expression in a mouse model, as observed in human psoriatic skin lesions. This study highlights the precise role of cytokines in the skin inflammatory response. IL-22 and OSM more specifically drive epidermal hyperplasia and differentiation loss while IL-1α, IL-17A and TNFα were more involved in the activation of innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanitriniaina Rabeony
- Laboratoire Inflammation Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines, Equipe Accueil 4331, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Isabelle Petit-Paris
- Laboratoire Inflammation Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines, Equipe Accueil 4331, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
- Laboratoire Immunologie et Inflammation, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | | | | | | | - Karline Guilloteau
- Laboratoire Inflammation Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines, Equipe Accueil 4331, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Jean-François Jegou
- Laboratoire Inflammation Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines, Equipe Accueil 4331, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Gérard Guillet
- Service de Dermatologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Vincent Huguier
- Service de Chirurgie Plastique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Jean-Claude Lecron
- Laboratoire Inflammation Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines, Equipe Accueil 4331, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
- Laboratoire Immunologie et Inflammation, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - François-Xavier Bernard
- Laboratoire Inflammation Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines, Equipe Accueil 4331, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
- BIOalternatives, Gençay, France
| | - Franck Morel
- Laboratoire Inflammation Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines, Equipe Accueil 4331, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
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Swindell WR, Johnston A, Voorhees JJ, Elder JT, Gudjonsson JE. Dissecting the psoriasis transcriptome: inflammatory- and cytokine-driven gene expression in lesions from 163 patients. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:527. [PMID: 23915137 PMCID: PMC3751090 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psoriasis lesions are characterized by large-scale shifts in gene expression. Mechanisms that underlie differentially expressed genes (DEGs), however, are not completely understood. We analyzed existing datasets to evaluate genome-wide expression in lesions from 163 psoriasis patients. Our aims were to identify mechanisms that drive differential expression and to characterize heterogeneity among lesions in this large sample. RESULTS We identified 1233 psoriasis-increased DEGs and 977 psoriasis-decreased DEGs. Increased DEGs were attributed to keratinocyte activity (56%) and infiltration of lesions by T-cells (14%) and macrophages (11%). Decreased DEGs, in contrast, were associated with adipose tissue (63%), epidermis (14%) and dermis (4%). KC/epidermis DEGs were enriched for genes induced by IL-1, IL-17A and IL-20 family cytokines, and were also disproportionately associated with AP-1 binding sites. Among all patients, 50% exhibited a heightened inflammatory signature, with increased expression of genes expressed by T-cells, monocytes and dendritic cells. 66% of patients displayed an IFN-γ-strong signature, with increased expression of genes induced by IFN-γ in addition to several other cytokines (e.g., IL-1, IL-17A and TNF). We show that such differences in gene expression can be used to differentiate between etanercept responders and non-responders. CONCLUSIONS Psoriasis DEGs are partly explained by shifts in the cellular composition of psoriasis lesions. Epidermal DEGs, however, may be driven by the activity of AP-1 and cellular responses to IL-1, IL-17A and IL-20 family cytokines. Among patients, we uncovered a range of inflammatory- and cytokine-associated gene expression patterns. Such patterns may provide biomarkers for predicting individual responses to biologic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Swindell
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
| | - Andrew Johnston
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
| | - John J Voorhees
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
| | - James T Elder
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
| | - Johann E Gudjonsson
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
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IL-17 expression in dermatitis herpetiformis and bullous pemphigoid. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:967987. [PMID: 23970818 PMCID: PMC3732598 DOI: 10.1155/2013/967987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) and bullous pemphigoid (BP) are skin diseases associated with eosinophilic and neutrophilic infiltrations. Although cytokines are critical for the inflammatory process, there are single findings concerning concentration of IL-17 in bullous diseases. The goal of this study was to assess IL-17 expression in DH and BP patients. Skin biopsies were taken from 10 DH, 14 BP patients and from 10 healthy subjects. The localization and expression of IL-17 was studied by immunohistochemistry and the serum concentration was measured by immunoassays. Expression of IL-17 in the epidermis and in influxed cells in dermis was detected in skin biopsies. Expression of IL-17 was statistically higher in epidermis and infiltration cells in specimens from BP than from DH patients. Examined interleukin expression was detected in perilesional skin of all patients but it was much lower than in lesional skin. The expression of IL-17 was not observed in biopsies from healthy people. Serum level of IL-17 was statistically higher in BP and DH groups as compared to control group. Our results provide the evidence that IL-17 may play an essential role in activating and recruiting eosinophils and neutrophils, which ultimately contribute to the tissue damage in DH and BP.
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