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Draft Genome Sequence of Pseudomonas sp. EpS/L25, Isolated from the Medicinal Plant Echinacea purpurea and Able To Synthesize Antimicrobial Compounds. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2016; 4:4/3/e00346-16. [PMID: 27151804 PMCID: PMC4859186 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00346-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We announce here the draft genome sequence of Pseudomonas sp. strain EpS/L25, isolated from the stem/leaves of the medicinal plant Echinacea purpurea This genome will allow for comparative genomics in order to identify genes associated with the production of bioactive compounds and antibiotic resistance.
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The modulatory influence of some Echinacea-based remedies on antibody production and cellular immunity in mice. Cent Eur J Immunol 2016; 41:12-8. [PMID: 27095917 PMCID: PMC4829818 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2016.58813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Echinacea purpurea-containing remedies are herbal medicines used in respiratory tract infections and several inflammatory conditions as enhancers of non-specific and modulators of specific cellular immunity. They also exert anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, and anti-microbial activity. The aim of the present study was to compare the in vivo influence of orally administered three Echinacea purpurea-based remedies (IMMUNAL drops, ECHINACEA FORTE drops, IMMUNAL FORTE tablets) on some parameters of cellular and humoral immunity in mice.
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Pires C, Martins N, Carvalho AM, Barros L, Ferreira ICFR. Phytopharmacologic preparations as predictors of plant bioactivity: A particular approach to Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench antioxidant properties. Nutrition 2016; 32:834-9. [PMID: 27036611 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A large body of evidence has confirmed a multitude of health benefits of plant products and their derived formulations. Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench is a good example, widely used due to its therapeutic properties. In the present study, the chemical composition of the different samples and antioxidant properties of E. purpurea hydroethanolic and aqueous extracts obtained from dry or fresh raw material were evaluated and compared with dietary supplements based on the same plant (tablets and syrup), to determine the most active phytopharmacologic preparation or formulation. METHODS Chemical composition of the different samples was assessed through the determination of free sugars, organic acids and tocopherols. The in vitro antioxidant properties were determined using four assays: 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals scavenging activity, reducing power, inhibition of b-carotene bleaching and inhibition of lipid peroxidation by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay. Total phenolics and flavonoids were also determined. RESULTS Overall, the hydroethanolic extract of fresh plant revealed the highest activity, directly related with its higher contents in phenolic (229.22 ± 4.38 mg gallic acid equivalent [GAE]/mL), flavonoids (124.83 ± 7.47 mg GAE/mL), organic acids (8.89 ± 0.10 g/100 g), and tocopherols (4.55 ± 0.02 mg/100 g). Tablets followed by syrup revealed the worst effect, positively correlated with the lowest abundance in bioactive molecules. The weak in vitro antioxidant potential of commercial phytopharmacologic formulations could be related to their chemical composition, including the addition of excipients. CONCLUSION Further studies are necessary to deepen knowledge on this area, namely focusing on in vivo experiments, to establish upcoming guidelines to improve the quality and bioavailability of phytopharmacologic formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Pires
- Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), ESA, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, Bragança, Portugal
| | - Natália Martins
- Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), ESA, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, Bragança, Portugal
| | - Ana Maria Carvalho
- Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), ESA, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, Bragança, Portugal
| | - Lillian Barros
- Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), ESA, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, Bragança, Portugal
| | - Isabel C F R Ferreira
- Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), ESA, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, Bragança, Portugal.
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Dong L, Wang H, Niu J, Zou M, Wu N, Yu D, Wang Y, Zou Z. Echinacoside induces apoptotic cancer cell death by inhibiting the nucleotide pool sanitizing enzyme MTH1. Onco Targets Ther 2015; 8:3649-64. [PMID: 26677335 PMCID: PMC4677763 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s94513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of the nucleotide pool sanitizing enzyme MTH1 causes extensive oxidative DNA damages and apoptosis in cancer cells and hence may be used as an anticancer strategy. As natural products have been a rich source of medicinal chemicals, in the present study, we used the MTH1-catalyzed enzymatic reaction as a high-throughput in vitro screening assay to search for natural compounds capable of inhibiting MTH1. Echinacoside, a compound derived from the medicinal plants Cistanche and Echinacea, effectively inhibited the catalytic activity of MTH1 in an in vitro assay. Treatment of various human cancer cell lines with Echinacoside resulted in a significant increase in the cellular level of oxidized guanine (8-oxoguanine), while cellular reactive oxygen species level remained unchanged, indicating that Echinacoside also inhibited the activity of cellular MTH1. Consequently, Echinacoside treatment induced an immediate and dramatic increase in DNA damage markers and upregulation of the G1/S-CDK inhibitor p21, which were followed by marked apoptotic cell death and cell cycle arrest in cancer but not in noncancer cells. Taken together, these studies identified a natural compound as an MTH1 inhibitor and suggest that natural products can be an important source of anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Dong
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongge Wang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajing Niu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingwei Zou
- Department of Psychology, College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nuoting Wu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Debin Yu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Wang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihua Zou
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
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El-Ashmawy N, El-Zamarany E, Salem M, El-Bahrawy H, Al-Ashmawy G. In vitro and in vivo studies of the immunomodulatory effect of Echinacea purpurea on dendritic cells. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2015; 13:185-192. [PMID: 30647582 PMCID: PMC6299863 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Revised: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracts of Echinacea have been used traditionally for the treatment of diverse types of infections and wounds. They have become very familiar immunostimulant herbal medicine. However, the specific immunomodulatory effect of Echinacea remains to be elucidated. AIM In our study, the effect of Echinacea purpurea extract on the generation of immature DCs from monocytes was described, as well as its effect on DC differentiation. In addition, an in vivo experiment was conducted to investigate whether treatment of mice with extracts derived from E. purpurea has immunomodulatory effect on murine splenic DCs. METHODS Immature DCs were generated by incubating peripheral blood monocytes with cytokine cocktail (GM-CSF + IL-4) and matured by tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). The cells were randomized to 5 groups to investigate E. purpurea effect in different stages. Phenotypic analysis of cell marker CD83-expressed on DCs was performed by flow cytometry. Mice were randomly divided into 3 groups; control, E. purpurea treated and E. purpurea-TNF-α treated group. The murine splenic DCs were isolated and phenotyped for CD83 and CD11c by flow cytometry. RESULTS Treatment of monocytes with E. purpurea prior to addition of the maturation factor TNF-α resulted in a significant decrease in the yield of DC expressing CD83. On the other hand, immature DCs generated in the culture in the presence of GM-CSF and IL-4, when treated simultaneously with E. purpurea and TNF-α, exhibited an insignificant change in the yield of CD83-expressing DCs compared with untreated control. The in vivo experiments showed that splenic DCs obtained from mice treated with E. purpurea with or without TNF-α did not exhibit significant changes in CD83 or CD11c compared with those obtained from control mice. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the immunomodulatory mechanisms of E. purpurea impact generation fate of DCs rather than differentiation stages. The results obtained in the in vivo study utilizing murine splenic DCs supported those observed in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- N.E. El-Ashmawy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Egypt
| | - E.A. El-Zamarany
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt
| | - M.L. Salem
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Egypt
| | - H.A. El-Bahrawy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Egypt
| | - G.M. Al-Ashmawy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Egypt
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Barbour EK, Ayyash DB, Iyer A, Harakeh S, Kumosani T. A Review of Approaches Targeting the Replacement of Coccidiostat Application in Poultry Production. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/1516-635x1704405-418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - DB Ayyash
- American University of Beirut, Lebanon
| | - A Iyer
- King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
| | - S Harakeh
- King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
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Dong L, Yu D, Wu N, Wang H, Niu J, Wang Y, Zou Z. Echinacoside Induces Apoptosis in Human SW480 Colorectal Cancer Cells by Induction of Oxidative DNA Damages. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:14655-68. [PMID: 26132569 PMCID: PMC4519864 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160714655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Echinacoside is a natural compound with potent reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging and anti-oxidative bioactivities, which protect cells from oxidative damages. As cancer cells are often under intense oxidative stress, we therefore tested if Echinacoside treatment would promote cancer development. Surprisingly, we found that Echinacoside significantly inhibited the growth and proliferation of a panel of cancer cell lines. Treatment of the human SW480 cancer cells with Echinacoside resulted in marked apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, together with a significant increase in active caspase 3 and cleaved PARP, and upregulation of the G1/S-CDK blocker CDKN1B (p21). Interestingly, immunocytochemistry examination of drug-treated cancer cells revealed that Echinacoside caused a significant increase of intracellular oxidized guanine, 8-oxoG, and dramatic upregulation of the double-strand DNA break (DSB)-binding protein 53BP1, suggesting that Echinacoside induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in SW480 cancer cells via induction of oxidative DNA damages. These results establish Echinacoside as a novel chemical scaffold for development of anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Dong
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Debin Yu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Nuoting Wu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Hongge Wang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Jiajing Niu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Ye Wang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Zhihua Zou
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China.
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Gangemi S, Minciullo PL, Miroddi M, Chinou I, Calapai G, Schmidt RJ. Contact dermatitis as an adverse reaction to some topically used European herbal medicinal products - Part 2:Echinacea purpurea-Lavandula angustifolia. Contact Dermatitis 2015; 72:193-205. [DOI: 10.1111/cod.12328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiano Gangemi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine; University of Messina; Via Consolare Valeria 98125 Messina Italy
- Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico ‘G. Martino’; Via Consolare Valeria 98125 Messina Italy
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, IFC CNR, Messina Unit; Via Consolare Valeria 98125 Messina Italy
| | - Paola L. Minciullo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine; University of Messina; Via Consolare Valeria 98125 Messina Italy
- Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico ‘G. Martino’; Via Consolare Valeria 98125 Messina Italy
| | - Marco Miroddi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine; University of Messina; Via Consolare Valeria 98125 Messina Italy
| | - Ioanna Chinou
- Division of Pharmacognosy & Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy; University of Athens; 157 71 Zografou Athens Greece
| | - Gioacchino Calapai
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine; University of Messina; Via Consolare Valeria 98125 Messina Italy
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Bacteriological effects of dentifrices with and without active ingredients of natural origin. Appl Environ Microbiol 2014; 80:6490-8. [PMID: 25107974 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02315-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Compounds of natural origin are increasingly used as adjuncts to oral hygiene. We have adopted four distinct approaches to assess the antibacterial activity of dentifrices containing natural active ingredients against oral bacteria in several test systems. Corsodyl Daily (CD), Kingfisher Mint (KM), and Parodontax fluoride (PF) were compared to a dentifrice containing fluoride (Colgate Cavity Protection [CCP]) and one containing triclosan (Colgate Total [CT]). The growth inhibitory and bactericidal potency of the formulations were determined for 10 isolated oral bacteria. Effects of single exposures of simulated supragingival plaques were then determined by epifluorescence and confocal microscopy, while the effects of repeated exposures were quantified by viable counting. Additionally, dense plaques, maintained in continuous culture, were repeatedly dosed, and the outcome was assessed by viable counting and eubacterial DNA profiling. The test dentifrices exhibited variable specificity and potency against oral bacteria in axenic culture. Of the herbal formulations, KM caused the largest viability reductions in simulated supragingival plaques, with CT causing the greatest reductions overall. Following single exposures, CD caused moderate reductions, while PF had no effect. After multiple dosing, all formulations significantly reduced numbers of total, facultative, and Gram-negative anaerobes, but only KM and CT caused greater reductions than the fluoride control. KM also reduced counts of streptococci (rank order of effectiveness: CT > KM > CCP > PF > CD). Marked changes in eubacterial DNA profiles were not detected for any herbal formulation in dense plaques, although KM markedly reduced viable counts of streptococci, in agreement with supragingival data. While both nonherbal comparators displayed antibacterial activity, the triclosan-containing formulation caused greater viability reductions than the herbal and nonherbal formulations.
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Snowden R, Harrington H, Morrill K, Jeane L, Garrity J, Orian M, Lopez E, Rezaie S, Hassberger K, Familoni D, Moore J, Virdee K, Albornoz-Sanchez L, Walker M, Cavins J, Russell T, Guse E, Reker M, Tschudy O, Wolf J, True T, Ukaegbu O, Ahaghotu E, Jones A, Polanco S, Rochon Y, Waters R, Langland J. A Comparison of the Anti-Staphylococcus aureus Activity of Extracts from Commonly Used Medicinal Plants. J Altern Complement Med 2014; 20:375-82. [DOI: 10.1089/acm.2013.0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Snowden
- Department of Naturopathic Research, Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine, Tempe, AZ
| | - Heather Harrington
- Department of Naturopathic Research, Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine, Tempe, AZ
- Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
| | - Kira Morrill
- Department of Naturopathic Research, Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine, Tempe, AZ
| | - LaDeana Jeane
- Department of Naturopathic Research, Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine, Tempe, AZ
| | - Joan Garrity
- Department of Naturopathic Research, Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine, Tempe, AZ
| | - Michael Orian
- Department of Naturopathic Research, Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine, Tempe, AZ
| | - Eric Lopez
- Department of Naturopathic Research, Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine, Tempe, AZ
| | - Saman Rezaie
- Department of Naturopathic Research, Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine, Tempe, AZ
| | - Kelly Hassberger
- Department of Naturopathic Research, Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine, Tempe, AZ
| | - Damilola Familoni
- Department of Naturopathic Research, Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine, Tempe, AZ
| | - Jessica Moore
- Department of Naturopathic Research, Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine, Tempe, AZ
| | - Kulveen Virdee
- Department of Naturopathic Research, Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine, Tempe, AZ
| | - Leah Albornoz-Sanchez
- Department of Naturopathic Research, Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine, Tempe, AZ
| | - Michael Walker
- Department of Naturopathic Research, Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine, Tempe, AZ
| | - Jami Cavins
- Department of Naturopathic Research, Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine, Tempe, AZ
| | - Tonyelle Russell
- Department of Naturopathic Research, Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine, Tempe, AZ
| | - Emily Guse
- Department of Naturopathic Research, Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine, Tempe, AZ
| | - Mary Reker
- Department of Naturopathic Research, Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine, Tempe, AZ
| | - Onyria Tschudy
- Department of Naturopathic Research, Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine, Tempe, AZ
| | - Jeremy Wolf
- Department of Naturopathic Research, Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine, Tempe, AZ
| | - Teresa True
- Department of Naturopathic Research, Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine, Tempe, AZ
| | - Oluchi Ukaegbu
- Department of Naturopathic Research, Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine, Tempe, AZ
| | - Ezenwanyi Ahaghotu
- Department of Naturopathic Research, Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine, Tempe, AZ
| | - Ana Jones
- Department of Naturopathic Research, Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine, Tempe, AZ
| | - Sara Polanco
- Department of Naturopathic Research, Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine, Tempe, AZ
| | - Yvan Rochon
- Department of Naturopathic Research, Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine, Tempe, AZ
- Herbal Vitality, Inc., Sedona, AZ
| | - Robert Waters
- Department of Naturopathic Research, Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine, Tempe, AZ
- Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
| | - Jeffrey Langland
- Department of Naturopathic Research, Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine, Tempe, AZ
- Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
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Kim HR, Oh SK, Lim W, Lee HK, Moon BI, Seoh JY. Immune Enhancing Effects of Echinacea purpurea Root Extract by Reducing Regulatory T Cell Number and Function. Nat Prod Commun 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1400900422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Echinacea purpurea preparations (EPs) have been traditionally used for the treatment of various infections and also for wound healing. Accumulating evidence suggests their immunostimulatory effects. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are known to play a key role in immune regulation in vivo. However, there have been no reports so far on the effects of EP on the frequency or function of Tregs in vivo. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the quantitative and functional changes in Tregs by in vivo administration with EP. The frequencies of CD4+FoxP3+ and CD4+CD25+ Tregs in the spleens of BALB/c mice administered with EP for 3 weeks were investigated by flow cytometry. The suppressive function of CD4+CD25+ Tregs in association with the proliferative activity of CD4+CD25- effector T cells (Teffs) and the feeder function of CD4- antigen-presenting cells (APCs) were analyzed by carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester-dilution assay. The results showed a lowered frequency of CD4+FoxP3+ and CD4+CD25+ Tregs and attenuated suppressive function of CD4+CD25+ Tregs, while the feeder function of APCs was enhanced in the EP-administered mice. On the other hand, the proliferative activity of Teffs was not significantly different in the EP-administered mice. The results suggest that decreased number and function of Tregs, in association with the enhanced feeder function of APCs, may contribute to the enhancement of immune function by EP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Ran Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Seoul 158-710, Korea
| | - Sei-Kwan Oh
- Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Seoul 158-710, Korea
| | - Woosung Lim
- Surgery, Ewha Womans University Graduate School of Medicine, Seoul 158-710, Korea
| | - Hyeon Kook Lee
- Surgery, Ewha Womans University Graduate School of Medicine, Seoul 158-710, Korea
| | - Byung-In Moon
- Surgery, Ewha Womans University Graduate School of Medicine, Seoul 158-710, Korea
| | - Ju-Young Seoh
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Seoul 158-710, Korea
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Zandi K, Lim TH, Rahim NA, Shu MH, Teoh BT, Sam SS, Danlami MB, Tan KK, Abubakar S. Extract of Scutellaria baicalensis inhibits dengue virus replication. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 13:91. [PMID: 23627436 PMCID: PMC3655864 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scutellaria baicalensis (S. baicalensis) is one of the traditional Chinese medicinal herbs that have been shown to possess many health benefits. In the present study, we evaluated the in vitro antiviral activity of aqueous extract of the roots of S. baicalensis against all the four dengue virus (DENV) serotypes. METHODS Aqueous extract of S. baicalensis was prepared by microwave energy steam evaporation method (MEGHE™), and the anti-dengue virus replication activity was evaluated using the foci forming unit reduction assay (FFURA) in Vero cells. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay was used to determine the actual dengue virus RNA copy number. The presence of baicalein, a flavonoid known to inhibit dengue virus replication was determined by mass spectrometry. RESULTS The IC(50) values for the S. baicalensis extract on Vero cells following DENV adsorption ranged from 86.59 to 95.19 μg/mL for the different DENV serotypes. The IC(50) values decreased to 56.02 to 77.41 μg/mL when cells were treated with the extract at the time of virus adsorption for the different DENV serotypes. The extract showed potent direct virucidal activity against extracellular infectious virus particles with IC(50) that ranged from 74.33 to 95.83 μg/mL for all DENV serotypes. Weak prophylactic effects with IC(50) values that ranged from 269.9 to 369.8 μg/mL were noticed when the cells were pre-treated 2 hours prior to virus inoculation. The concentration of baicalein in the S. baicalensis extract was ~1% (1.03 μg/gm dried extract). CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates the in vitro anti-dengue virus replication property of S. baicalensis against all the four DENV serotypes investigated. The extract reduced DENV infectivity and replication in Vero cells. The extract was rich in baicalein, and could be considered for potential development of anti-DENV therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keivan Zandi
- Tropical Infectious Disease Research and Education Center (TIDREC), Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tong-Hye Lim
- Herbitec Sendirian Berhad, G-3-7, Plaza Damas Jalan Sri Hartamas, Sri Hartamas, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nor-Aziyah Rahim
- Tropical Infectious Disease Research and Education Center (TIDREC), Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Meng-Hooi Shu
- Tropical Infectious Disease Research and Education Center (TIDREC), Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Boon-Teong Teoh
- Tropical Infectious Disease Research and Education Center (TIDREC), Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sing-Sin Sam
- Tropical Infectious Disease Research and Education Center (TIDREC), Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohammed-Bashar Danlami
- Tropical Infectious Disease Research and Education Center (TIDREC), Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kim-Kee Tan
- Tropical Infectious Disease Research and Education Center (TIDREC), Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sazaly Abubakar
- Tropical Infectious Disease Research and Education Center (TIDREC), Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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