51
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Xiao G, Lyu M, Wang Y, He S, Liu X, Ni J, Li L, Fan G, Han J, Gao X, Wang X, Zhu Y. Ginkgo Flavonol Glycosides or Ginkgolides Tend to Differentially Protect Myocardial or Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via Regulation of TWEAK-Fn14 Signaling in Heart and Brain. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:735. [PMID: 31333457 PMCID: PMC6624656 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Shuxuening injection (SXNI), one of the pharmaceutical preparations of Ginkgo biloba extract, has significant effects on both ischemic stroke and heart diseases from bench to bedside. Its major active ingredients are ginkgo flavonol glycosides (GFGs) and ginkgolides (GGs). We have previously reported that SXNI as a whole protected ischemic brain and heart, but the active ingredients and their contribution to the therapeutic effects remain unclear. Therefore, we combined experimental and network analysis approach to further explore the specific effects and underlying mechanisms of GFGs and GGs of SXNI on ischemia–reperfusion injury in mouse brain and heart. In the myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury (MIRI) model, pretreatment with GFGs at 2.5 ml/kg was superior to the same dose of GGs in improving cardiac function and coronary blood flow and reducing the levels of lactate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase in serum, with an effect similar to that achieved by SXNI. In contrast, pretreatment with GGs at 2.5 ml/kg reduced cerebral infarction area and cerebral edema similarly to that of SXNI but more significantly compared with GFGs in cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury (CIRI) model. Network pharmacology analysis of GFGs and GGs revealed that tumor necrosis factor-related weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK)–fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14 (Fn14) signaling pathway as an important common mechanism but with differential targets in MIRI and CIRI. In addition, immunohistochemistry and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assays were performed to evaluate the regulatory roles of GFGs and GGs on the common TWEAK–Fn14 signaling pathway to protect the heart and brain. Experimental results confirmed that TWEAK ligand and Fn14 receptor were downregulated by GFGs to mitigate MIRI in the heart while upregulated by GGs to improve CIRI in the brain. In conclusion, our study showed that GFGs and GGs of SXNI tend to differentially protect brain and heart from ischemia–reperfusion injuries at least in part by regulating a common TWEAK–Fn14 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxu Xiao
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Ming Lyu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medicial Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yule Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuang He
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinyan Liu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingyu Ni
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Medical Experiment Center, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lan Li
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Medical Experiment Center, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Guanwei Fan
- Medical Experiment Center, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jihong Han
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China; College of Biomedical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Xiumei Gao
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Yan Zhu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, Tianjin, China
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52
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Yu Y, Liu H, Yang D, He F, Yuan Y, Guo J, Hu J, Yu J, Yan X, Wang S, Du Z. Aloe-emodin attenuates myocardial infarction and apoptosis via up-regulating miR-133 expression. Pharmacol Res 2019; 146:104315. [PMID: 31207343 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Aloe-emodin (AE) is an anthraquinone derived from rhubarb and has a variety of pharmacological actions. However, the role of AE in regulating ischemic heart diseases is still unclear. The present study investigated the effect of AE on cardiac injuries induced by myocardial infarction (MI) in vivo and oxidative insults in vitro and explored the mechanisms involved. TUNEL and Flow cytometry were performed to measure cell apoptosis. Western blot analysis was employed to detect expression of Bcl-2, Bax and Caspase-3 proteins. Real-time PCR was used to quantify the microRNAs levels. Our data showed that AE protected neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) from hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) induced apoptosis and significantly inhibited H2O2-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) elevation. Furthermore, AE treatment significantly reversed H2O2-induced upregulation of Bax/Bcl-2 and the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. In vivo, AE treatment significantly reduced infarct size, ameliorated impaired cardiac function and obviously decreased cardiac apoptosis and oxidative stress in MI mice heart. Meanwhile, AE restored H2O2-induced downregulation of miR-133, and transfection with miR-133 inhibitor abolished the anti-apoptotic and anti-oxidative effects of AE. Moreover, AE prevented H2O2-induced increase in caspase-3 activity, which was diminished by application of miR-133 inhibitor. Our results indicate that AE protectes against myocardial infarction via the upregulation of miR-133, inhibition of ROS production and suppression of caspase-3 apoptotic signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin 150086, China
| | - Huibin Liu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin 150086, China
| | - Di Yang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin 150086, China
| | - Fang He
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin 150086, China
| | - Ye Yuan
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin 150086, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin 150086, China
| | - Juan Hu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin 150086, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin 150086, China
| | - Xiuqing Yan
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin 150086, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhimin Du
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin 150086, China; Department of Clinical Pharmarcology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, PR China.
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53
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Rutkai I, Merdzo I, Wunnava SV, Curtin GT, Katakam PVG, Busija DW. Cerebrovascular function and mitochondrial bioenergetics after ischemia-reperfusion in male rats. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2019; 39:1056-1068. [PMID: 29215305 PMCID: PMC6547195 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x17745028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The underlying factors promoting increased mitochondrial proteins, mtDNA, and dilation to mitochondrial-specific agents in male rats following tMCAO are not fully elucidated. Our goal was to determine the morphological and functional effects of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) on mitochondria using electron microscopy, Western blot, mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate (OCR), and Ca2+ sparks activity measurements in middle cerebral arteries (MCAs) from male Sprague Dawley rats (Naïve, tMCAO, Sham). We found a greatly increased OCR in ipsilateral MCAs (IPSI) compared with contralateral (CONTRA), Sham, and Naïve MCAs. Consistent with our earlier findings, the expression of Mitofusin-2 and OPA-1 was significantly decreased in IPSI arteries compared with Sham and Naïve. Mitochondrial morphology was disrupted in vascular smooth muscle, but morphology with normal and perhaps greater numbers of mitochondria were observed in IPSI compared with CONTRA MCAs. Consistently, there were significantly fewer baseline Ca2+ events in IPSI MCAs compared with CONTRA, Sham, and Naïve. Mitochondrial depolarization significantly increased Ca2+ sparks activity in the IPSI, Sham, Naïve, but not in the CONTRA group. Our data indicate that altered mitochondrial structure and function occur in MCAs exposed to I/R and that these changes impact not only OCR but Ca2+ sparks activity in both IPSI and CONTRA MCAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibolya Rutkai
- Department of Pharmacology,
Tulane
University School of Medicine, New Orleans,
LA, USA
| | - Ivan Merdzo
- Department of Pharmacology,
Tulane
University School of Medicine, New Orleans,
LA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University
of Mostar School of Medicine, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Sanjay V Wunnava
- Department of Pharmacology,
Tulane
University School of Medicine, New Orleans,
LA, USA
| | - Genevieve T Curtin
- Department of Pharmacology,
Tulane
University School of Medicine, New Orleans,
LA, USA
| | - Prasad VG Katakam
- Department of Pharmacology,
Tulane
University School of Medicine, New Orleans,
LA, USA
| | - David W Busija
- Department of Pharmacology,
Tulane
University School of Medicine, New Orleans,
LA, USA
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54
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Lai SL, Marín-Juez R, Stainier DYR. Immune responses in cardiac repair and regeneration: a comparative point of view. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:1365-1380. [PMID: 30578442 PMCID: PMC6420886 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2995-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Immediately after cardiac injury, the immune system plays major roles in repair and regeneration as it becomes involved in a number of processes including damage-associated signaling, inflammation, revascularization, cardiomyocyte dedifferentiation and replenishment, and fibrotic scar formation/resolution. Recent studies have revealed that different immune responses occur in the various experimental models capable or incapable of cardiac regeneration, and that harnessing these immune responses might improve cardiac repair. In light of this concept, this review analyzes current knowledge about the immune responses to cardiac injury from a comparative perspective. Insights gained from such comparative analyses may provide ways to modulate the immune response as a potential therapeutic strategy for cardiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Lei Lai
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Rubén Marín-Juez
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Didier Y R Stainier
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.
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55
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Petrus AT, Lighezan DL, Danila MD, Duicu OM, Sturza A, Muntean DM, Ionita I. Assessment of platelet respiration as emerging biomarker of disease. Physiol Res 2019; 68:347-363. [PMID: 30904011 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is currently acknowledged as a central pathomechanism of most common diseases of the 21(st) century. Recently, the assessment of the bioenergetic profile of human peripheral blood cells has emerged as a novel research field with potential applications in the development of disease biomarkers. In particular, platelets have been successfully used for the ex vivo analysis of mitochondrial respiratory function in several acute and chronic pathologies. An increasing number of studies support the idea that evaluation of the bioenergetic function in circulating platelets may represent the peripheral signature of mitochondrial dysfunction in metabolically active tissues (brain, heart, liver, skeletal muscle). Accordingly, impairment of mitochondrial respiration in peripheral platelets might have potential clinical applicability as a diagnostic and prognostic tool as well as a biomarker in treatment monitoring. The aim of this minireview is to summarize current information in the field of platelet mitochondrial dysfunction in both acute and chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A T Petrus
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania and Department of Functional Sciences - Pathophysiology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania.
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56
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Cui Y, Wang Y, Liu G. Protective effect of Barbaloin in a rat model of myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury through the regulation of the CNPY2‑PERK pathway. Int J Mol Med 2019; 43:2015-2023. [PMID: 30864682 PMCID: PMC6443342 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Barbaloin (Bar) has a myocardial protective effect, but its mechanism of action is uncertain. The endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-mediated apoptosis pathway serves an important role in the pathogenesis of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI). Inhibiting ERS may significantly improve the progression of MIRI and serve a role in its prevention. Therefore, based on current knowledge of ERS-mediated cardiomyocyte apoptosis and the cardioprotective effect of Bar, the purpose of the present study was to further evaluate the myocardial protective effect and potential mechanisms of Bar pretreatment in MIRI. The present study established a MIR rat model and randomly divided these rats into four groups. Prior to myocardial ischemia, Bar (20 mg/kg) was administered to rats once daily for 1 week. Myocardial blood serum lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase were subsequently measured. A terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labeling assay was used to evaluate the myocardial protective effect of Bar pretreatment on MIRI. To assess whether the ERS signaling pathway was involved in the myocardial protection mechanism of Bar pretreatment, the expression levels of ERS-associated proteins, protein canopy homolog 2 (CNPY2), glucose regulatory protein 78, transcriptional activator 4, C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP), PKR endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), caspase-12 and caspase-3 were detected by western blot analysis, immunohistochemistry or reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The results confirmed that Bar pretreatment significantly reduced the damage and the level of apoptosis caused by MIR. Bar pretreatment significantly inhibited the expression of ERS-associated proteins in cardiomyocytes. In addition, the immunohistochemistry results demonstrated that Bar pretreatment significantly inhibited the CNPY2-positive cell apoptosis ratio of cardiomyocytes. Therefore, the results of the current study suggested that CNPY2 is present in cardiomyocytes and participates in the development of MIRI by initiating the PERK-CHOP signaling pathway. Bar pretreatment may attenuate MIRI by inhibiting the CNPY2-PERK apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Cui
- Department of Medicine, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin 300350, P.R. China
| | - Yongqiang Wang
- Department of Medicine, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin 300350, P.R. China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Medicine, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin 300350, P.R. China
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57
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Lhouvum K, Balaji S, Ahsan MJ, Trivedi V. Plasmodium falciparum PFI1625c offers an opportunity to design potent anti-malarials: Biochemical characterization and testing potentials in drug discovery. Acta Trop 2019; 191:116-127. [PMID: 30594502 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Putative PFI1625c was cloned, over-expressed and purified to homogeneity. It is a 56.2 kDa monomeric protease which preferentially catalyzes the degradation of gelatin with a Km = 30μM. It is a slow acting enzyme with optimal pH 8.5 and temperature 37 °C, and activity is sensitive to metalloprotease inhibitor 1,10-phenanthroline. PFI1625c active site was probed with a series of heterocyclic compounds and three molecules namely, BNPC-Inh2, DDBM-Inh1 and BHPM-Inh1 from the series were inhibiting PFI1625c protease activity. These heterocyclic compounds were found to irreversible inhibiting PFI1625c protease activity. Parasite culture was treated with these inhibitors and PFI1625c isolated from culture was found to be inactive without affecting other gelatinases present in the parasite. These inhibitors were used to generate chemically knockout PFI1625c in the parasite. PFI1625c knockout parasite remained at ring stage and was unable to complete its erythrocytic schizogony. Also, these knockout parasites were incapable to multiply. More careful analysis indicate these parasites develop oxidative stress as evident by the increase in lipid peroxidation, protein-carbonyl and a decrease of GSH level. In summary, the current study has employed biochemical, computational and pharmacological approaches to explore the role of PFI1625c in the parasite, its utility as a potential drug target to develop anti-malarials.
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58
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BCL6 Attenuates Proliferation and Oxidative Stress of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells in Hypertension. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:5018410. [PMID: 30805081 PMCID: PMC6362478 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5018410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Proliferation and oxidative stress of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) contribute to vascular remodeling in hypertension and several major vascular diseases. B-cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6) functions as a transcriptional repressor. The present study is designed to determine the roles of BCL6 in VSMC proliferation and oxidative stress and underlying mechanism. Angiotensin (Ang) II was used to induce VSMC proliferation and oxidative stress in human VSMCs. Effects of BCL6 overexpression and knockdown were, respectively, investigated in Ang II-treated human VSMCs. Therapeutical effects of BCL6 overexpression on vascular remodeling, oxidative stress, and proliferation were determined in the aorta of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Ang II reduced BCL6 expression in human VSMCs. BCL6 overexpression attenuated while BCL6 knockdown enhanced the Ang II-induced upregulation of NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4), production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and proliferation of VSMCs. BCL6 expression was downregulated in SHR. BCL6 overexpression in SHR reduced NOX4 expression, ROS production, and proliferation of the aortic media of SHR. Moreover, BCL6 overexpression attenuated vascular remodeling and hypertension in SHR. However, BCL6 overexpression had no significant effects on NOX2 expression in human VSMCs or in SHR. We conclude that BCL6 attenuates proliferation and oxidative stress of VSMCs in hypertension.
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Cabbage ( Brassica oleracea var. capitata) Protects against H 2O 2-Induced Oxidative Stress by Preventing Mitochondrial Dysfunction in H9c2 Cardiomyoblasts. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:2179021. [PMID: 30158990 PMCID: PMC6109504 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2179021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays an important role in the progression of cardiac diseases, including ischemia/reperfusion injury, myocardial infarction, and heart failure. Growing evidence indicates that cabbage has various pharmacological properties against a wide range of diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, hepatic diseases, and cancer. However, little is known about its effects on oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes or the underlying mechanisms. Therefore, the present study examined the effects of cabbage extract on oxidative stress in H9c2 cardiomyoblasts. Cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, apoptosis, mitochondrial functions, and expression levels of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) proteins were analyzed to elucidate the antioxidant effects of this extract. Cabbage extract protected against H2O2-induced cell death and did not elicit any cytotoxic effects. In addition, cabbage extract suppressed ROS production and increased expression of antioxidant proteins (SOD-1, catalase, and GPx). Cabbage extract also inhibited apoptotic responses and activation of MAPK proteins (ERK1/2, JNK, and p-38) in oxidative stress-exposed H9c2 cells. Notably, cabbage extract preserved mitochondrial functions upon oxidative stress. These findings reveal that cabbage extract protects against oxidative stress and suggest that it can be used as an alternative therapeutic strategy to prevent the oxidative stress in the heart.
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60
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Wang YH, Li SA, Huang CH, Su HH, Chen YH, Chang JT, Huang SS. Sirt1 Activation by Post-ischemic Treatment With Lumbrokinase Protects Against Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:636. [PMID: 29962953 PMCID: PMC6013847 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lumbrokinase is used as an oral supplement to support and maintain healthy cardiovascular function, and to treat cardiovascular diseases in clinical for more than 10 years. Up until now, the mechanism of the cardioprotective effects of post-ischemic treatment with lumbrokinase has remained unclear. We therefore investigated the signaling pathways involved in the amelioration of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury in rats treated with lumbrokinase 20 min after myocardial ischemia. Compared to vehicle-treated rats, post-ischemic treatment with lumbrokinase was associated with significant reductions in myocardial I-R-induced arrhythmias and myocardial damage, and an improvement in cardiac function. Moreover, lumbrokinase significantly upregulated levels of silent information regulator 1 (Sirt1). In addition, lumbrokinase significantly increased manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase expression, decreased Cleaved-Caspase-3 expression, and induced deacetylation of FoxO1. On the other hand, lumbrokinase also significantly downregulated levels of succinate dehydrogenase, cytochrome c oxidase, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and elevated levels of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3. Notably, the cardioprotective effects of lumbrokinase were abolished by administration of the specific Sirt1 inhibitor EX527. These findings demonstrate that post-ischemic treatment with lumbrokinase attenuates myocardial I-R injury through the activation of Sirt1 signaling, and thus enhances autophagic flux and reduces I-R-induced oxidative damage, inflammation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsin Wang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-An Li
- Superintendent Office, Yuanli Lee's General Hospital, Lee's Medical Corporation, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Hsin Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dajia Lee's General Hospital, Lee's Medical Corporation, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Hui Su
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hung Chen
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science and Research Center for Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Photonics and Communication Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jinghua T Chang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shiang-Suo Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacy, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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61
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Privistirescu AI, Sima A, Duicu OM, Timar R, Roșca MG, Sturza A, Muntean DM. Methylene blue alleviates endothelial dysfunction and reduces oxidative stress in aortas from diabetic rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 96:1012-1016. [PMID: 29894646 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2018-0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction and the related increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production are important events in the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus (DM). Methylene blue (MB) has been systematically investigated for its protective effects against refractory hypotension and mitochondrial dysfunction. We have previously demonstrated that MB improved mitochondrial respiration and partially decreased oxidative stress in diabetic rat hearts. The present study was aimed to investigate whether MB modulates vascular function and ROS production in thoracic aortic rings isolated from rats with streptozotocin-induced DM (after 4 weeks of hyperglycemia). The effects of MB (0.1 μM, 30 min ex vivo incubation) on vascular reactivity in organ chamber (phenylephrine-induced contraction, acetylcholine-induced relaxation) and H2O2 production (assessed by ferrous iron xylenol orange oxidation assay) were investigated in vascular preparations with intact endothelium and after denudation. DM elicited a significant alteration of vascular function: increased contractility to phenylephrine, attenuation of acetylcholine-dependent relaxation, and augmented H2O2 generation. Ex vivo incubation with MB partially reversed all these changes (by approximately 70%) in vascular segments with intact endothelial layer (but not in denuded vessels). In conclusion, MB might be useful in alleviating endothelial dysfunction and mitigating endothelial oxidative stress, observations that clearly require further investigation in the setting of cardiometabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea I Privistirescu
- a Department of Functional Sciences - Pathophysiology, "Victor Babeș" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timișoara, Romania
| | - Alexandra Sima
- b Department of Internal Medicine II - Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, "Victor Babeș" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timișoara, Romania
| | - Oana M Duicu
- a Department of Functional Sciences - Pathophysiology, "Victor Babeș" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timișoara, Romania.,c Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, "Victor Babeș" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timișoara, Romania
| | - Romulus Timar
- b Department of Internal Medicine II - Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, "Victor Babeș" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timișoara, Romania
| | - Mariana G Roșca
- d Department of Foundational Sciences, Central Michigan University College of Medicine, 2630 Denison Drive, Research Building Room 105, Mount Pleasant, MI 48858, USA
| | - Adrian Sturza
- a Department of Functional Sciences - Pathophysiology, "Victor Babeș" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timișoara, Romania.,c Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, "Victor Babeș" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timișoara, Romania
| | - Danina M Muntean
- a Department of Functional Sciences - Pathophysiology, "Victor Babeș" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timișoara, Romania.,c Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, "Victor Babeș" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timișoara, Romania
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Siasos G, Tsigkou V, Kosmopoulos M, Theodosiadis D, Simantiris S, Tagkou NM, Tsimpiktsioglou A, Stampouloglou PK, Oikonomou E, Mourouzis K, Philippou A, Vavuranakis M, Stefanadis C, Tousoulis D, Papavassiliou AG. Mitochondria and cardiovascular diseases-from pathophysiology to treatment. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2018; 6:256. [PMID: 30069458 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2018.06.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the source of cellular energy production and are present in different types of cells. However, their function is especially important for the heart due to the high demands in energy which is achieved through oxidative phosphorylation. Mitochondria form large networks which regulate metabolism and the optimal function is achieved through the balance between mitochondrial fusion and mitochondrial fission. Moreover, mitochondrial function is upon quality control via the process of mitophagy which removes the damaged organelles. Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with the development of numerous cardiac diseases such as atherosclerosis, ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, hypertension, diabetes, cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure (HF), due to the uncontrolled production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Therefore, early control of mitochondrial dysfunction is a crucial step in the therapy of cardiac diseases. A number of anti-oxidant molecules and medications have been used but the results are inconsistent among the studies. Eventually, the aim of future research is to design molecules which selectively target mitochondrial dysfunction and restore the capacity of cellular anti-oxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerasimos Siasos
- Department of Cardiology, "Hippokration" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece.,Division of Cardiovascular, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vasiliki Tsigkou
- Department of Cardiology, "Hippokration" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Marinos Kosmopoulos
- Department of Cardiology, "Hippokration" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimosthenis Theodosiadis
- Department of Cardiology, "Hippokration" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Spyridon Simantiris
- Department of Cardiology, "Hippokration" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikoletta Maria Tagkou
- Department of Cardiology, "Hippokration" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Athina Tsimpiktsioglou
- Department of Cardiology, "Hippokration" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiota K Stampouloglou
- Department of Cardiology, "Hippokration" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Oikonomou
- Department of Cardiology, "Hippokration" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Mourouzis
- Department of Cardiology, "Hippokration" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasios Philippou
- Department of Experimental Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Manolis Vavuranakis
- Department of Cardiology, "Hippokration" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Dimitris Tousoulis
- Department of Cardiology, "Hippokration" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios G Papavassiliou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
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Seto SW, Chang D, Kiat H, Wang N, Bensoussan A. Chinese Herbal Medicine as a Potential Treatment of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm. Front Cardiovasc Med 2018; 5:33. [PMID: 29732374 PMCID: PMC5919947 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is an irreversible condition where the abdominal aorta is dilated leading to potentially fatal consequence of aortic rupture. Multiple mechanisms are involved in the development and progression of AAA, including chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, vascular smooth muscle (VSMC) apoptosis, immune cell infiltration and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation. Currently surgical therapies, including minimally invasive endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR), are the only viable interventions for AAAs. However, these treatments are not appropriate for the majority of AAAs, which measure <50 mm. Substantial effort has been invested to identify and develop pharmaceutical treatments such as statins and doxycycline for this potentially lethal condition but these interventions failed to offer a cure or to retard the progression of AAA. Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) has been used for the management of cardiovascular diseases for thousands of years in China and other Asian countries. The unique multi-component and multi-target property of CHMs makes it a potentially ideal therapy for multifactorial diseases such as AAA. In this review, we review the current scientific evidence to support the use of CHMs for the treatment of AAA. Mechanisms of action underlying the effects of CHMs on AAA are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Wang Seto
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
| | - Dennis Chang
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
| | - Hosen Kiat
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ning Wang
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia.,Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China.,College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Institute for Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Alan Bensoussan
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
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Hentia C, Rizzato A, Camporesi E, Yang Z, Muntean DM, Săndesc D, Bosco G. An overview of protective strategies against ischemia/reperfusion injury: The role of hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning. Brain Behav 2018; 8:e00959. [PMID: 29761012 PMCID: PMC5943756 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, such as myocardial infarction, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease, has been recognized as the most frequent causes of devastating disorders and death currently. Protective effect of various preconditioning stimuli, including hyperbaric oxygen (HBO), has been proposed in the management of I/R. METHODS In this study, we searched and reviewed up-to-date published papers to explore the pathophysiology of I/R injury and to understand the mechanisms underlying the protective effect of HBO as conditioning strategy. RESULTS Animal study and clinic observation support the notion that HBO therapy and conditioning provide beneficial effect against the deleterious effects of postischemic reperfusion. Several explanations have been proposed. The first likely mechanism may be that HBO counteracts hypoxia and reduces I/R injury by improving oxygen delivery to an area with diminished blood flow. Secondly, by reducing hypoxia-ischemia, HBO reduces all the pathological events as a consequence of hypoxia, including tissue edema, increased affective area permeability, postischemia derangement of tissue metabolism, and inflammation. Thirdly, HBO may directly affect cell apoptosis, signal transduction, and gene expression in those that are sensitive to oxygen or hypoxia. HBO provides a reservoir of oxygen at cellular level not only carried by blood, but also by diffusion from the interstitial tissue where it reaches high concentration that may last for several hours, improves endothelial function and rheology, and decreases local inflammation and edema. CONCLUSION Evidence suggests the benefits of HBO when used as a preconditioning stimulus in the setting of I/R injury. Translating the beneficial effects of HBO into current practice requires, as for the "conditioning strategies", a thorough consideration of risk factors, comorbidities, and comedications that could interfere with HBO-related protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciprian Hentia
- Master II level in Hyperbaric Medicine Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Padova Padova Italy.,Faculty of Medicine "Victor Babeș" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara Romania
| | - Alex Rizzato
- Master II level in Hyperbaric Medicine Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Padova Padova Italy
| | | | - Zhongjin Yang
- The Institute for Human Performance SUNY Upstate Medical University Syracuse NY USA
| | - Danina M Muntean
- Faculty of Medicine "Victor Babeș" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara Romania.,Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine "Victor Babeș" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara Romania
| | - Dorel Săndesc
- Faculty of Medicine "Victor Babeș" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara Romania
| | - Gerardo Bosco
- Master II level in Hyperbaric Medicine Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Padova Padova Italy
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Liu M, Sun Y, Xu M, Yu X, Zhang Y, Huang S, Ding G, Zhang A, Jia Z. Role of mitochondrial oxidative stress in modulating the expressions of aquaporins in obstructive kidney disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 314:F658-F666. [PMID: 29357430 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00234.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Downregulation of aquaporins (AQPs) in obstructive kidney disease has been well demonstrated with elusive mechanisms. Our previous study indicated that mitochondrial dysfunction played a crucial role in this process. However, it is still uncertain how mitochondrial dysfunction affected the AQPs in obstructive kidney disease. This study investigated the role of mitochondria-derived oxidative stress in mediating obstruction-induced downregulation of AQPs. After unilateral ureteral obstruction for 7 days, renal superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2; mitochondria-specific SOD) was reduced by 85%. Meanwhile, AQP1, AQP2, AQP3, and AQP4 were remarkably downregulated as determined by Western blotting and/or quantitative real-time PCR. Administration of the SOD2 mimic manganese (III) tetrakis(4-benzoic acid)porphyrin chloride (MnTBAP) significantly attenuated AQP2 downregulation in line with complete blockade of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances elevation, whereas the reduction of AQP1, AQP3, and AQP4 was not affected. The cyclooxygenase (COX)-2/prostaglandin (PG) E2 pathway has been well documented as a contributor of AQP reduction in obstructed kidney; thus, we detected the levels of COX-1/2 and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase 1 (mPGES-1) in kidney and PGE2 secretion in urine. Significantly, MnTBAP partially suppressed the elevation of COX-2, mPGES-1, and PGE2. Moreover, a marked decrease of V2 receptor was significantly restored after MnTBAP treatment. However, the fibrotic response and renal tubular damage were unaffected by MnTBAP in obstructed kidneys. Collectively, these findings suggested an important role of mitochondrial oxidative stress in mediating AQP2 downregulation in obstructed kidney, possibly via modulating the COX-2/mPGES-1/PGE2/V2 receptor pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Liu
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Man Xu
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaowen Yu
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Songming Huang
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guixia Ding
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhanjun Jia
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Ding H, Xu XW, Wang H, Xiao L, Zhao L, Duan GL, Li XR, Ma ZX, Chen HP. DJ-1 plays an obligatory role in the cardioprotection of delayed hypoxic preconditioning against hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced oxidative stress through maintaining mitochondrial complex I activity. Cell Biochem Funct 2018; 36:147-154. [DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Ding
- The Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science; Nanchang University; Nanchang People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-Wang Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science; Nanchang University; Nanchang People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science; Nanchang University; Nanchang People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Xiao
- The Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science; Nanchang University; Nanchang People's Republic of China
| | - Le Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science; Nanchang University; Nanchang People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Ling Duan
- The Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science; Nanchang University; Nanchang People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ran Li
- The Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science; Nanchang University; Nanchang People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Xia Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science; Nanchang University; Nanchang People's Republic of China
| | - He-Ping Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science; Nanchang University; Nanchang People's Republic of China
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68
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Bonin M, Mewton N, Roubille F, Morel O, Cayla G, Angoulvant D, Elbaz M, Claeys MJ, Garcia-Dorado D, Giraud C, Rioufol G, Jossan C, Ovize M, Guerin P. Effect and Safety of Morphine Use in Acute Anterior ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:JAHA.117.006833. [PMID: 29440010 PMCID: PMC5850179 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.006833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Morphine is commonly used to treat chest pain during myocardial infarction, but its effect on cardiovascular outcome has never been directly evaluated. The aim of this study was to examine the effect and safety of morphine in patients with acute anterior ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction followed up for 1 year. Methods and Results We used the database of the CIRCUS (Does Cyclosporine Improve Outcome in ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients) trial, which included 969 patients with anterior ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction, admitted for primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Two groups were defined according to use of morphine preceding coronary angiography. The composite primary outcome was the combined incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events, including cardiovascular death, heart failure, cardiogenic shock, myocardial infarction, unstable angina, and stroke during 1 year. A total of 554 (57.1%) patients received morphine at first medical contact. Both groups, with and without morphine treatment, were comparable with respect to demographic and periprocedural characteristics. There was no significant difference in major adverse cardiovascular events between patients who received morphine compared with those who did not (26.2% versus 22.0%, respectively; P=0.15). The all‐cause mortality was 5.3% in the morphine group versus 5.8% in the no‐morphine group (P=0.89). There was no difference between groups in infarct size as assessed by the creatine kinase peak after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (4023±118 versus 3903±149 IU/L; P=0.52). Conclusions In anterior ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction patients treated by primary percutaneous coronary intervention, morphine was used in half of patients during initial management and was not associated with a significant increase in major adverse cardiovascular events at 1 year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickael Bonin
- Unité d'hémodynamique et Cardio-Vasculaire Interventionnel, Institut du Thorax, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Nathan Mewton
- Centre d'Investigations Cliniques, Service d'explorations Fonctionnelles Cardiovasculaires, Hôpital Cardiologique Louis Pradel, Bron, France
| | - Francois Roubille
- UFR de Médecine, Cardiology Department, Hôpital Arnaud-de-Villeneuve, CHU Montpellier, University of Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France
| | - Olivier Morel
- Cardiology Department, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Guillaume Cayla
- Cardiology Department, CHU Nîmes, University of Montpellier, Nîmes, France
| | - Denis Angoulvant
- Cardiology Department and EA4245, Faculté de Médecine, Tours University Hospital, University François-Rabelais, Tours, France
| | - Meyer Elbaz
- Cardiology Department, Rangueil Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Marc J Claeys
- Cardiology Department, Antwerp University Hospital, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Céline Giraud
- Centre d'Investigations Cliniques, Service d'explorations Fonctionnelles Cardiovasculaires, Hôpital Cardiologique Louis Pradel, Bron, France
| | - Gilles Rioufol
- Interventional Cardiology Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Claire Jossan
- Centre d'Investigations Cliniques, Service d'explorations Fonctionnelles Cardiovasculaires, Hôpital Cardiologique Louis Pradel, Bron, France
| | - Michel Ovize
- Centre d'Investigations Cliniques, Service d'explorations Fonctionnelles Cardiovasculaires, Hôpital Cardiologique Louis Pradel, Bron, France
| | - Patrice Guerin
- Unité d'hémodynamique et Cardio-Vasculaire Interventionnel, Institut du Thorax, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Nantes, France
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Zhang Y, Li XR, Zhao L, Duan GL, Xiao L, Chen HP. DJ-1 preserving mitochondrial complex I activity plays a critical role in resveratrol–mediated cardioprotection against hypoxia/reoxygenation–induced oxidative stress. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 98:545-552. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.12.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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Zhang HJ, Chen RC, Sun GB, Yang LP, Zhu YD, Xu XD, Sun XB. Protective effects of total flavonoids from Clinopodium chinense (Benth.) O. Ktze on myocardial injury in vivo and in vitro via regulation of Akt/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 40:88-97. [PMID: 29496179 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinopodium chinense (Benth.) O. Ktze is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, which comprises the plant's total flavonoids. TFCC plays an important role in the treatment of cardiovascular disease. PURPOSE The aim of the study was to study the protective effects and possible mechanism of TFCC against isoproterenol (ISO)-mediated myocardial injury in vivo and anoxia/reoxygenation (A/R)-induced H9c2 cell injury in vitro. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were intragastrically pretreated with TFCC for 15 days. After 2 h of TFCC administration on days 14 and 15, a myocardial injury model was established with intragastric administration of 120 mg/kg of ISO daily for 2 days. The experiment was stopped 12 h after the last administration of the drugs. ECG recordings were taken after the treatment. Serum samples were assayed to determine the serum cardiac enzymes (e.g., creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase). The left ventricle was excised for histopathological examination, and myocardial homogenates were prepared to detection catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), heme oxygenase-1(HO-1),and peroxidase were detected by the corresponding ELISA kits. H9c2 cells were pretreated with different concentrations of TFCC for 12 h before A/R exposure. Afterward, cell viability, LDH release, hoechst 33,342, and peromide iodine (PI) double staining, JC-1 staining, and ROS examination were determined. Western blot analyses of B-cell lymphoma-2, Bcl-2associated X protein, cleaved cysteinylaspartate specific protease-3 and-9, nuclear factor 2(Nrf2), HO-1 and serine/threonine protein kinase (AKT), and P-AKT were conducted. RESULTS The pretreatment of TFCC (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg) daily for 15 days prevented ISO-induced myocardial damage, including the decrease in serum cardiac enzymes and cardiomyocyte apoptotic index and improvement in the heart rate and vacuolation. TFCC also improved the free radical scavenging and antioxidant potential, thereby suggesting that one possible mechanism of TFCC-induced cardio protection is mediated by blocking the oxidative stress. To clarify these mechanisms, we performed the in vitro study by A/R-induced cytotoxicity model in H9c2 cells. TFCC pretreatment prevented apoptosis, increased the expression of HO-1, and enhanced the nuclear translocation of Nrf2. TFCC also activated phosphorylation of AKT, whereas the addition of LY294002, which is the pharmacologic inhibitor of PI3K, blocked the TFCC-induced Nrf2/HO-1 activation and cytoprotective effect. CONCLUSIONS TFCC protects against myocardial injury and enhances cellular antioxidant defense capacity by inducing the phosphorylation of AKT, which subsequently activated the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Jing Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glyeolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Rong-Chang Chen
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glyeolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Gui-Bo Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glyeolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Long-Po Yang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yin-di Zhu
- Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Xu-Dong Xu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glyeolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100193, China.
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Capsaicin Protects Cardiomyocytes against Anoxia/Reoxygenation Injury via Preventing Mitochondrial Dysfunction Mediated by SIRT1. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:1035702. [PMID: 29435095 PMCID: PMC5757131 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1035702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Capsaicin (Cap) has been reported to have beneficial effects on cardiovascular system, but the mechanisms underlying these effects are still poorly understood. Apoptosis has been shown to be involved in mitochondrial dysfunction, and upregulating expression of SIRT1 can inhibit the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes induced by anoxia/reoxygenation (A/R). Therefore, the aim of this study was to test whether the protective effects of Cap against the injury to the cardiomyocytes are mediated by SIRT1. The effects of Cap with or without coadministration of sirtinol, a SIRT1 inhibitor, on changes induced by A/R in the cell viability, activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), related protein expression, mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening, and apoptosis rate in the primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were tested. Cap significantly increased the cell viability, upregulated expression of SIRT1 and Bcl-2, and decreased the LDH and CPK release, generation of ROS, loss of MMP, mPTP openness, activities of caspase-3, release of the cytochrome c, and apoptosis of the cardiomyocytes. Sirtinol significantly blocked the cardioprotective effects of Cap. The results suggest that the protective effects of Cap against A/R-induced injury to the cardiomyocytes are involved with SIRT1.
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Inactivated Lactobacillus promotes protection against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury through NF-κB pathway. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20171025. [PMID: 29026009 PMCID: PMC5691140 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20171025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Although restoration of blood flow to an ischemic organ is essential to prevent irreversible cellular injury, reperfusion may augment tissue injury in excess of that produced by ischemia alone. So this experiment was designed to study the protective effects and mechanism of inactivated Lactobacillus (Lac) on myocardial ischemia–reperfusion (I–R) injury (MIRI). MIRI rat models were established by ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery for ~30 min and then, reperfusion for 120 min and divided into control group, model group, and Lac (106, 107, and 108 cfu/kg) groups. At the end of the test, the creatine kinase (CK) activity, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were assayed by corresponding kits. The heart was obtained from rats and the myocardial infarction area was determined by TTC staining and myocardial endothelial cell apoptosis rate was determined by Tunel kit. Besides, A20, IκB, nuclear factor (NF)-κB, and nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS) were also assayed by Western blot. When compared with model group, Lac obviously reduces MIRI in the rat by reducing myocardial infarction area and the apoptosis rate of endothelial cells; reduce the serum CK, LDH, and MDA content; increase the serum SOD activity; and suppress NF-κB signaling and NOS expression in the myocardial tissues. Lac pretreatment can inhibit lipid peroxidation and effectively improve MIRI caused by oxygen free radical through inhibiting NF-κB signaling.
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73
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What modulates animal longevity? Fast and slow aging in bivalves as a model for the study of lifespan. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 70:130-140. [PMID: 28778411 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Delineating the physiological and biochemical causes of aging process in the animal kingdom is a highly active area of research not only because of potential benefits for human health but also because aging process is related to life history strategies (growth and reproduction) and to responses of organisms to environmental conditions and stress. In this synthesis, we advocate studying bivalve species as models for revealing the determinants of species divergences in maximal longevity. This taxonomic group includes the longest living metazoan on earth (Arctica islandica), which insures the widest range of maximum life span when shorter living species are also included in the comparative model. This model can also be useful for uncovering factors modulating the pace of aging in given species by taking advantages of the wide disparity of lifespan among different populations of the same species. For example, maximal lifespan in different populations of A islandica range from approximately 36 years to over 500 years. In the last 15 years, research has revealed that either regulation or tolerance to oxidative stress is tightly correlated to longevity in this group which support further investigations on this taxon to unveil putative mechanistic links between Reactive Oxygen Species and aging process.
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74
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Mitochondria as a target of cardioprotection in models of preconditioning. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2017; 49:357-368. [PMID: 28730272 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-017-9720-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Over the recent years the view on mitochondria in the heart as a cellular powerhouse providing ATP supply needed to sustain contractile function, basal metabolic processes, and ionic homeostasis has changed radically. At present it is known that dysfunctions of these organelles are essential in the development of a large number of diseases, including cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, mitochondria are considered to be a very promising target of endogenous strategies that are essential in the protection of the myocardium from acute ischemia/reperfusion injury. These strategies including ischemic preconditioning, remote ischemic preconditioning as well as the acute phase of streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus, provide a similar effect of protection. Alterations observed in the functional and structural properties of heart mitochondria caused by short-term pathological impulses are associated with endogenous cardioprotective processes. It seems that the extent of mitochondrial membrane fluidization could be an active response mechanism to injury with a subtle effect on membrane-associated processes which further affect the environment of the whole organelle, thus inducing metabolic changes in the heart. In this review article, we provide an overview of endogenous protective mechanisms induced by hypoxic, pseudohypoxic and ischemic conditions with special consideration of the role of heart mitochondria in these processes.
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75
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Jang S, Javadov S. Association between ROS production, swelling and the respirasome integrity in cardiac mitochondria. Arch Biochem Biophys 2017; 630:1-8. [PMID: 28736227 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Although mitochondrial Ca2+ overload and ROS production play a critical role in mitochondria-mediated cell death, a cause-effect relationship between them remains elusive. This study elucidated the crosstalk between mitochondrial swelling, ROS production, and electron transfer chain (ETC) supercomplexes in rat heart mitochondria in response to Ca2+ and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBH), a lipid-soluble organic peroxide. Results showed that ROS production induced by TBH was significantly increased in the presence of Ca2+ in a dose-dependent manner. TBH markedly inhibited the state 3 respiration rate with no effect on the mitochondrial swelling. Ca2+ exerted a slight effect on mitochondrial respiration that was greatly aggravated by TBH. Analysis of supercomplexes revealed a minor difference in the presence of TBH and/or Ca2+. However, incubation of mitochondria in the presence of high Ca2+ (1 mM) or inhibitors of ETC complexes (rotenone and antimycin A) induced disintegration of the main supercomplex, respirasome. Thus, PTP-dependent swelling of mitochondria solely depends on Ca2+ but not ROS. TBH has no effect on the respirasome while Ca2+ induces disintegration of the supercomplex only at a high concentration. Intactness of individual ETC complexes I and III is important for maintenance of the structural integrity of the respirasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehwan Jang
- Department of Physiology, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Sabzali Javadov
- Department of Physiology, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
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76
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Chen Q, Wang Q, Zhu J, Xiao Q, Zhang L. Reactive oxygen species: key regulators in vascular health and diseases. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 175:1279-1292. [PMID: 28430357 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
ROS are a group of small reactive molecules that play critical roles in the regulation of various cell functions and biological processes. In the vascular system, physiological levels of ROS are essential for normal vascular functions including endothelial homeostasis and smooth muscle cell contraction. In contrast, uncontrolled overproduction of ROS resulting from an imbalance of ROS generation and elimination leads to the development of vascular diseases. Excessive ROS cause vascular cell damage, the recruitment of inflammatory cells, lipid peroxidation, activation of metalloproteinases and deposition of extracellular matrix, collectively leading to vascular remodelling. Evidence from a large number of studies has revealed that ROS and oxidative stress are involved in the initiation and progression of numerous vascular diseases including hypertension, atherosclerosis, restenosis and abdominal aortic aneurysm. Furthermore, considerable research has been implemented to explore antioxidants that can reduce ROS production and oxidative stress in order to ameliorate vascular diseases. In this review, we will discuss the nature and sources of ROS, their roles in vascular homeostasis and specific vascular diseases and various antioxidants as well as some of the pharmacological agents that are capable of reducing ROS and oxidative stress. The aim of this review is to provide information for developing promising clinical strategies targeting ROS to decrease cardiovascular risks. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Spotlight on Small Molecules in Cardiovascular Diseases. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.8/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qishan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiwen Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingzhong Xiao
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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77
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Tissue- and Condition-Specific Isoforms of Mammalian Cytochrome c Oxidase Subunits: From Function to Human Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:1534056. [PMID: 28593021 PMCID: PMC5448071 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1534056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome c oxidase (COX) is the terminal enzyme of the electron transport chain and catalyzes the transfer of electrons from cytochrome c to oxygen. COX consists of 14 subunits, three and eleven encoded, respectively, by the mitochondrial and nuclear DNA. Tissue- and condition-specific isoforms have only been reported for COX but not for the other oxidative phosphorylation complexes, suggesting a fundamental requirement to fine-tune and regulate the essentially irreversible reaction catalyzed by COX. This article briefly discusses the assembly of COX in mammals and then reviews the functions of the six nuclear-encoded COX subunits that are expressed as isoforms in specialized tissues including those of the liver, heart and skeletal muscle, lung, and testes: COX IV-1, COX IV-2, NDUFA4, NDUFA4L2, COX VIaL, COX VIaH, COX VIb-1, COX VIb-2, COX VIIaH, COX VIIaL, COX VIIaR, COX VIIIH/L, and COX VIII-3. We propose a model in which the isoforms mediate the interconnected regulation of COX by (1) adjusting basal enzyme activity to mitochondrial capacity of a given tissue; (2) allosteric regulation to adjust energy production to need; (3) altering proton pumping efficiency under certain conditions, contributing to thermogenesis; (4) providing a platform for tissue-specific signaling; (5) stabilizing the COX dimer; and (6) modulating supercomplex formation.
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78
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Hlaváčová M, Olejníčková V, Ronzhina M, Stračina T, Janoušek O, Nováková M, Babula P, Kolářová J, Provazník I, Paulová H. Tolerance of isolated rabbit hearts to short ischemic periods is affected by increased LV mass fraction. Physiol Res 2017; 66:581-589. [PMID: 28406705 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophied hearts are known for increased risk of arrhythmias and are linked with reduced ischemic tolerance. However, still little is known about state characterized only by increased left ventricle (LV) mass fraction. Seventeen isolated rabbit hearts with various LV mass were divided into two groups according to LV weight/heart weight ratio (LVW/HW ratio), namely group H and L (with higher and lower LVW/HW ratio, respectively) and underwent three short cycles of global ischemia and reperfusion. The differences in electrogram (heart rate, QRS(max), mean number, onset and dominant form of ventricular premature beats) and in biochemical markers of myocardial injury (creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase - LDH) and lipid peroxidation (4-hydroxy-2-nonenal - 4-HNE) were studied. As compared to group L, hearts in group H exhibited lower tolerance to ischemia expressed as higher incidence and severity of arrhythmias in the first ischemic period as well as increase of LDH and 4-HNE after the first reperfusion. In the third cycle of ischemia-reperfusion, the preconditioning effect was observed in both electrophysiological parameters and LDH release in group H. Our results showed consistent trends when comparing changes in electrograms and biochemical markers. Moreover, 4-HNE seems to be good potential parameter of moderate membrane alteration following ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hlaváčová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
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79
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Bravo-Sagua R, Parra V, López-Crisosto C, Díaz P, Quest AFG, Lavandero S. Calcium Transport and Signaling in Mitochondria. Compr Physiol 2017; 7:623-634. [PMID: 28333383 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c160013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) is a key player in the regulation of many cell functions. Just like Ca2+, mitochondria are ubiquitous, versatile, and dynamic players in determining both cell survival and death decisions. Given their ubiquitous nature, the regulation of both is deeply intertwined, whereby Ca2+ regulates mitochondrial functions, while mitochondria shape Ca2+ dynamics. Deregulation of either Ca2+ or mitochondrial signaling leads to abnormal function, cell damage or even cell death, thereby contributing to muscle dysfunction or cardiac pathologies. Moreover, altered mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis has been linked to metabolic diseases like cancer, obesity, and pulmonary hypertension. In this review article, we summarize the mechanisms that coordinate mitochondrial and Ca2+ responses and how they affect human health. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 7:623-634, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Bravo-Sagua
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Valentina Parra
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Camila López-Crisosto
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paula Díaz
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrew F G Quest
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell (CEMC), Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell (CEMC), Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Cardiology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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80
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Gielis JF, Beckers PAJ, Briedé JJ, Cos P, Van Schil PE. Oxidative and nitrosative stress during pulmonary ischemia-reperfusion injury: from the lab to the OR. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2017; 5:131. [PMID: 28462211 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2017.03.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative and nitrosative stress are an umbrella term for pathophysiological processes that involve free radical generation during inflammation. In this review, the involvement of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species is evaluated during lung ischemia-reperfusion injury (LIRI) from a surgical point of view. The main biochemical and cellular mechanisms behind free radical generation are discussed, together with surgical procedures that may cause reperfusion injury. Finally, different therapeutic strategies are further explored. A literature search was performed, searching for "lung ischemia reperfusion injury", "reperfusion injury", "large animal model" and different search terms for each section: "surgery", "treatment", "cellular mechanism", or "enzyme". Although reperfusion injury is not an uncommon entity and there is a lot of evidence concerning myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, in the lung this phenomenon is less extensively described and studies in large animals are not easy to come by. With increasing number of patients on waiting lists for lung transplant, awareness for this entity should all but rise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan F Gielis
- Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium.,Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene, Antwerp University, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Paul A J Beckers
- Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Jacco J Briedé
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Cos
- Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene, Antwerp University, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Paul E Van Schil
- Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
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81
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UVRAG Deficiency Exacerbates Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43251. [PMID: 28225086 PMCID: PMC5320807 DOI: 10.1038/srep43251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is an effective chemotherapeutic drug in the treatment of various types of cancers. However, its clinical application has been largely limited by potential development of cardiotoxicity. Previously we have shown that ultra-violet radiation resistance-associated gene (UVRAG), an autophagy-related protein, is essential for the maintenance of autophagic flux in the heart under physiological conditions. Here, we sought to determine the role of UVRAG-mediated autophagy in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. Mouse models of acute or chronic DOX-induced cardiotoxicity were established. UVRAG deficiency exacerbated DOX-induced mortality and cardiotoxicity manifested by increased cytoplasmic vacuolization, enhanced collagen accumulation, elevated serum activities of lactate dehydrogenase and myocardial muscle creatine kinase, higher ROS levels, aggravated apoptosis and more depressed cardiac function. Autophagic flux was impaired in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. UVRAG deficiency aggravated impaired autophagic flux in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. Intermittent fasting restored autophagy and ameliorated pathological alterations of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. Collectively, our data suggest that UVRAG deficiency exacerbates DOX-induced cardiotoxicity, at least in part, through aggravation of DOX-induced impaired autophagic flux. Intermittent fasting, which restores blunted autophagic flux and ameliorates pathology in the mouse models of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity, may be used as a potential preventive or therapeutic approach for DOX cardiotoxicity.
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82
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Dănilă MD, Privistirescu A, Duicu OM, Rațiu CD, Angoulvant D, Muntean DM, Sturza A. The effect of purinergic signaling via the P 2Y 11 receptor on vascular function in a rat model of acute inflammation. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 431:37-44. [PMID: 28213772 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-2973-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing body of evidence pointing to the role of purinergic signaling in the development and progression of various conditions that have inflammation as a common pathogenetic denominator. The aim of the present study was to assess the involvement of P2Y11 purinergic receptors in the regulation of vascular function in aortic segments obtained using an experimental model of acute inflammation, the lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 8 mg/kg, i.p)-treated rats. Twelve hours after LPS administration, thoracic aortas were isolated and used for studies of vascular reactivity in the organ bath and for the measurement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, respectively. LPS treatment significantly increased contractility to phenylephrine and attenuated the endothelium-dependent relaxation of the vascular segments in response to acetylcholine; an increased production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was also recorded. The P2Y11 activator, NF546, decreased the LPS-induced aortic H2O2 release and partially normalized the vasomotor function, namely reduced contractility and improved relaxation. The effect was abolished by co-treatment with the P2Y11 inhibitor, NF340, and also after endothelium denudation. Importantly, NF546 did not elicit an antioxidant effect by acting as a H2O2 scavenger, suggesting that the beneficial outcome of this treatment on the vasculature is the consequence of P2Y11 stimulation. In conclusion, purinergic P2Y11 receptors stimulation improves vascular function and mitigates oxidative stress in the setting of acute systemic inflammation, revealing salutary effects and therapeutic potential in pathologies associated with endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria D Dănilă
- Department of Functional Sciences - Pathophysiology, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041, Timişoara, Romania.,Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041, Timişoara, Romania
| | - Andreea Privistirescu
- Department of Functional Sciences - Pathophysiology, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041, Timişoara, Romania
| | - Oana M Duicu
- Department of Functional Sciences - Pathophysiology, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041, Timişoara, Romania.,Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041, Timişoara, Romania
| | - Corina D Rațiu
- Department of Functional Sciences - Pathophysiology, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041, Timişoara, Romania
| | - Denis Angoulvant
- EA 4245 Cellules Dendritiques, Immunomodulation et Greffes, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, 37032, Tours, France.,Service de Cardiologie, Hôpital Trousseau, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours, 37044, Tours, France
| | - Danina M Muntean
- Department of Functional Sciences - Pathophysiology, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041, Timişoara, Romania. .,Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041, Timişoara, Romania.
| | - Adrian Sturza
- Department of Functional Sciences - Pathophysiology, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041, Timişoara, Romania.,Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041, Timişoara, Romania
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83
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Yan X, Xun M, Dou X, Wu L, Zhang F, Zheng J. Activation of Na+-K+-ATPase with DRm217 attenuates oxidative stress-induced myocardial cell injury via closing Na+-K+-ATPase/Src/Ros amplifier. Apoptosis 2017; 22:531-543. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-016-1342-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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84
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Dai Y, Wang S, Li C, Chang S, Lu H, Huang Z, Zhang F, Yang H, Shen Y, Chen Z, Qian J, Ge J. Small molecule antidepressant amitriptyline protects hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis through TrkA signaling pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 798:9-15. [PMID: 28130123 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) induced cardiomyocytes apoptosis is a major factor leading to cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of small molecule antidepressant amitriptyline (AMP) in regulating H/R-induced apoptosis in neonatal mouse cardiomyocyte in culture. Cardiomyocytes of C57BL/6J mice were treated with H/R condition in vitro. Various concentration of AMP was added into culture 2h prior to H/R conditioning. Cardiomyocyte apoptosis was evaluated by TUNEL assay. AMP induced downstream signaling pathway proteins, including tropomyosin receptor kinase A receptor (TrkA), phosphor-TrkA (p-TrkA), protein kinase B (Akt) and phosphor-Akt (p-Akt) were probed by western blot. TrkA phosphorylation was then blocked by K252a to investigate whether TrkA was functionally involved in the protection of AMP in H/R-injured cardiomyocyte. We found that H/R condition induced significant cardiomyocyte death and apoptosis, whereas AMP pretreatment considerably rescued cardiomyocyte death and apoptosis. Western blot analysis showed AMP activated TrkA signaling pathway through the phosphorylation of TrkA/Akt proteins. We also found that application of K252a inhibited the phosphorylation of TrkA/Akt signaling pathway, and subsequently abolished the protective effect of AMP in H/R-induced apoptosis in cardiomyocyte. Thus, our study revealed that AMP, through the activation of TrkA/Akt signaling pathway, plays a protective role in regulating H/R-induced apoptosis in cardiomyocyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Dai
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shen Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The first People's Hospital of Wenling, Wenling, China
| | - Chenguang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shufu Chang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hao Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zheyong Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hongbo Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yi Shen
- Department of Gerontology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhangwei Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Juying Qian
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Junbo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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85
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Baumeister P, Quinn TA. Altered Calcium Handling and Ventricular Arrhythmias in Acute Ischemia. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-CARDIOLOGY 2016; 10:61-69. [PMID: 28008297 PMCID: PMC5158122 DOI: 10.4137/cmc.s39706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Acute ischemia results in deadly cardiac arrhythmias that are a major contributor to sudden cardiac death (SCD). The electrophysiological changes involved have been extensively studied, yet the mechanisms of ventricular arrhythmias during acute ischemia remain unclear. What is known is that during acute ischemia both focal (ectopic excitation) and nonfocal (reentry) arrhythmias occur, due to an interaction of altered electrical, mechanical, and biochemical properties of the myocardium. There is particular interest in the role that alterations in intracellular calcium handling, which cause changes in intracellular calcium concentration and to the calcium transient, play in ischemia-induced arrhythmias. In this review, we briefly summarize the known contributors to ventricular arrhythmias during acute ischemia, followed by an in-depth examination of the potential contribution of altered intracellular calcium handling, which may include novel targets for antiarrhythmic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Baumeister
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - T Alexander Quinn
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
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Zhang M, Zhao Z, Shen M, Zhang Y, Duan J, Guo Y, Zhang D, Hu J, Lin J, Man W, Hou L, Wang H, Sun D. Polydatin protects cardiomyocytes against myocardial infarction injury by activating Sirt3. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1863:1962-1972. [PMID: 27613967 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI), which is characterized by chamber dilation and left ventricular (LV) dysfunction, represents a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Polydatin (PD), a monocrystalline and polyphenolic drug isolated from a traditional Chinese herb (Polygonum cuspidatum), alleviates mitochondrial dysfunction. We investigated the effects and underlying mechanisms of PD in post-MI cardiac dysfunction. We constructed an MI model by left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery ligation using wild-type (WT) and Sirt3 knockout (Sirt3-/-) mice. Cardiac function, cardiomyocytes autophagy levels, apoptosis and mitochondria biogenesis in mice that underwent cardiac MI injury were compared between groups. PD significantly improved cardiac function, increased autophagy levels and decreased cardiomyocytes apoptosis after MI. Furthermore, PD improved mitochondrial biogenesis, which is evidenced by increased ATP content, citrate synthase (CS) activity and complexes I/II/III/IV/V activities in the cardiomyocytes subjected to MI injury. Interestingly, Sirt3 knockout abolished the protective effects of PD administration. PD inhibited apoptosis in cultured neonatal mouse ventricular myocytes subjected to hypoxia for 6h to simulate MI injury. PD increased GFP-LC3 puncta, and reduced the accumulation of protein aggresomes and p62 in cardiomyocytes after hypoxia. Interestingly, the knock-down of Sirt3 nullified the PD-induced beneficial effects. Thus, the protective effects of PD are associated with the up-regulation of autophagy and improvement of mitochondrial biogenesis through Sirt3 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhijing Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Min Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yingmei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhong Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanjie Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dongwei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianqiang Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jie Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wanrong Man
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lichao Hou
- Department of Anesthesia, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Haichang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China,.
| | - Dongdong Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China,.
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