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Peak TC, Praharaj PP, Panigrahi GK, Doyle M, Su Y, Schlaepfer IR, Singh R, Vander Griend DJ, Alickson J, Hemal A, Atala A, Deep G. Exosomes secreted by placental stem cells selectively inhibit growth of aggressive prostate cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 499:1004-1010. [PMID: 29627574 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The current paradigm in the development of new cancer therapies is the ability to target tumor cells while avoiding harm to noncancerous cells. Furthermore, there is a need to develop novel therapeutic options against drug-resistant cancer cells. Herein, we characterized the placental-derived stem cell (PLSC) exosomes (PLSCExo) and evaluated their anti-cancer efficacy in prostate cancer (PCa) cell lines. Nanoparticle tracking analyses revealed the size distribution (average size 131.4 ± 0.9 nm) and concentration of exosomes (5.23 × 1010±1.99 × 109 per ml) secreted by PLSC. PLSCExo treatment strongly inhibited the viability of enzalutamide-sensitive and -resistant PCa cell lines (C4-2B, CWR-R1, and LNCaP cells). Interestingly, PLSCExo treatment had no effect on the viability of a non-neoplastic human prostate cell line (PREC-1). Mass spectrometry (MS) analyses showed that PLSCExo are loaded with 241 proteins and mainly with saturated fatty acids. Further, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis analyses of proteins loaded in PLSCExo suggested the role of retinoic acid receptor/liver x receptor pathways in their biological effects. Together, these results suggest the novel selective anti-cancer effects of PLSCExo against aggressive PCa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor C Peak
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Prakash P Praharaj
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Gati K Panigrahi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Michael Doyle
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Yixin Su
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Isabel R Schlaepfer
- Division of Medical Oncology, Genitourinary Cancer Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Ravi Singh
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Donald J Vander Griend
- Department of Surgery, Section of Urology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Julie Alickson
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, United States
| | - Ashok Hemal
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, United States; Department of Urology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, United States; Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Anthony Atala
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, United States; Department of Urology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, United States
| | - Gagan Deep
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States; Department of Urology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, United States; Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC, United States.
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Chulpanova DS, Kitaeva KV, Tazetdinova LG, James V, Rizvanov AA, Solovyeva VV. Application of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Therapeutic Agent Delivery in Anti-tumor Treatment. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:259. [PMID: 29615915 PMCID: PMC5869248 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are non-hematopoietic progenitor cells, which can be isolated from different types of tissues including bone marrow, adipose tissue, tooth pulp, and placenta/umbilical cord blood. There isolation from adult tissues circumvents the ethical concerns of working with embryonic or fetal stem cells, whilst still providing cells capable of differentiating into various cell lineages, such as adipocytes, osteocytes and chondrocytes. An important feature of MSCs is the low immunogenicity due to the lack of co-stimulatory molecules expression, meaning there is no need for immunosuppression during allogenic transplantation. The tropism of MSCs to damaged tissues and tumor sites makes them a promising vector for therapeutic agent delivery to tumors and metastatic niches. MSCs can be genetically modified by virus vectors to encode tumor suppressor genes, immunomodulating cytokines and their combinations, other therapeutic approaches include MSCs priming/loading with chemotherapeutic drugs or nanoparticles. MSCs derived membrane microvesicles (MVs), which play an important role in intercellular communication, are also considered as a new therapeutic agent and drug delivery vector. Recruited by the tumor, MSCs can exhibit both pro- and anti-oncogenic properties. In this regard, for the development of new methods for cancer therapy using MSCs, a deeper understanding of the molecular and cellular interactions between MSCs and the tumor microenvironment is necessary. In this review, we discuss MSC and tumor interaction mechanisms and review the new therapeutic strategies using MSCs and MSCs derived MVs for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria S Chulpanova
- OpenLab Gene and Cell Technologies, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Kristina V Kitaeva
- OpenLab Gene and Cell Technologies, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Leysan G Tazetdinova
- OpenLab Gene and Cell Technologies, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Victoria James
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Albert A Rizvanov
- OpenLab Gene and Cell Technologies, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Valeriya V Solovyeva
- OpenLab Gene and Cell Technologies, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
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Gangadaran P, Hong CM, Ahn BC. An Update on in Vivo Imaging of Extracellular Vesicles as Drug Delivery Vehicles. Front Pharmacol 2018. [PMID: 29541030 PMCID: PMC5835830 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are currently being considered as promising drug delivery vehicles. EVs are naturally occurring vesicles that exhibit many characteristics favorable to serve as drug delivery vehicles. In addition, EVs have inherent properties for treatment of cancers and other diseases. For research and clinical translation of use of EVs as drug delivery vehicles, in vivo tracking of EVs is essential. The latest molecular imaging techniques enable the tracking of EVs in living animals. However, each molecular imaging technique has its certain advantages and limitations for the in vivo imaging of EVs; therefore, understanding the molecular imaging techniques is essential to select the most appropriate imaging technology to achieve the desired imaging goal. In this review, we summarize the characteristics of EVs as drug delivery vehicles and the molecular imaging techniques used in visualizing and monitoring EVs in in vivo environments. Furthermore, we provide a perceptual vision of EVs as drug delivery vehicles and in vivo monitoring of EVs using molecular imaging technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Gangadaran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University and Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Chae Moon Hong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University and Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Byeong-Cheol Ahn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University and Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
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Wang J, Zhang W, He GH, Wu B, Chen S. Transfection with CXCR4 potentiates homing of mesenchymal stem cells in vitro and therapy of diabetic retinopathy in vivo. Int J Ophthalmol 2018; 11:766-772. [PMID: 29862173 PMCID: PMC5957026 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2018.05.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effect of the overexpression of C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) on homing of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in vitro and therapeutic effects of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in vivo. METHODS MSCs were infected by lentivirus constructed with CXCR4. The expression of CXCR4 was examined by immunofluorescence, Western blot, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. CXCR4-overexpressing MSCs were cultured in vitro to evaluate their chemotaxis, migration, and apoptotic activities. CXCR4-overexpressing MSCs were intravitreally injected to observe and compare their effects in a mouse model of DR. The histological structure of DR in rats was inspected by hematoxylin and eosin staining. The expression of rhodopsin, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), and inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α was examined by Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses. RESULTS The transduction of MSCs by lentivirus was effective, and the transduced MSCs had high expression levels of CXCR4 gene and protein. Improved migration activities were observed in CXCR4-overexpressing MSCs. Further, reduced retinal damage, upregulation of rhodopsin and NSE protein, and downregulation of inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α were observed in CXCR4-overexpressing MSCs in vivo. CONCLUSION The homing of MSCs can be enhanced by upregulating CXCR4 levels, possibly improving histological structures of DR. CXCR4-overexpressing MSCs can be a novel strategy for treating DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Clinical College of Ophthalmology Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Clinical College of Ophthalmology Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Guang-Hui He
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Clinical College of Ophthalmology Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Clinical College of Ophthalmology Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Song Chen
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Clinical College of Ophthalmology Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300020, China
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The future of mesenchymal stem cell-based therapeutic approaches for cancer - From cells to ghosts. Cancer Lett 2017; 414:239-249. [PMID: 29175461 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stromal cells which can differentiate into a variety of cell types including osteoblasts, adipocytes and chondrocytes. They are normally resident in adipose tissue, bone marrow and the umbilical cord, but can also be found in other tissues and are known to be recruited to sites of wound healing as well as growing tumours. The therapeutic potential of MSCs has been explored in a number of phase I/II and III clinical trials, of which several were targeted against graft-versus-host disease and to support engraftment of haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), but currently only very few in the oncology field. There are now three clinical trials either ongoing or recruiting patients that use MSCs to treat tumour disease. In these, MSCs target gastrointestinal, lung and ovarian cancer, respectively. The first study uses MSCs loaded with a HSV-TK expression construct under the control of the CCL5 promoter, and has recently reported successful completion of Phase I/II. While no adverse side effects were seen during this study, no outcomes with respect to therapeutic benefits have been published. The other clinical trials targeting lung and ovarian cancer will be using MSCs expressing cytokines as therapeutic payload. Despite these encouraging early steps towards their clinical use, many questions are still unanswered regarding the biology of MSCs in normal and pathophysiological settings. In this review, in addition to summarising the current state of MSC-based therapeutic approaches for cancer, we will describe the remaining questions, obstacles and risks, as well as novel developments such as MSC-derived nanoghosts.
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