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Peng C, Li Z, Yu X. The Role of Pancreatic Infiltrating Innate Immune Cells in Acute Pancreatitis. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:534-545. [PMID: 33390823 PMCID: PMC7757151 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.51618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a leading cause of gastrointestinal-related hospital admissions with significant morbidity and mortality. Although the underlying pathophysiology of AP is rather complex, which greatly limits the treatment options, more and more studies have revealed that infiltrating immune cells play a critical role in the pathogenesis of AP and determine disease severity. Thus, immunomodulatory therapy targeting immune cells and related inflammatory mediators is expected to be a novel treatment modality for AP which may improve the prognosis of patients. Cells of the innate immune system, including macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, and mast cells, represent the majority of infiltrating cells during AP. In this review, an overview of different populations of innate immune cells and their role during AP will be discussed, with a special focus on neutrophils and macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Peng
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
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Greven J, Horst K, Qiao Z, Bläsius FM, Mert Ü, Teuben MPJ, Becker NH, Pfeifer R, Pape HC, Hildebrand F. Fracture fixation strategy and specific muscle tissue availability of neutrophilic granulocytes following mono- and polytrauma: intramedullary nailing vs. external fixation of femoral fractures. Eur J Med Res 2020; 25:62. [PMID: 33243279 PMCID: PMC7689960 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-020-00461-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the stabilization of femoral fractures in mono- and polytrauma, clinical practice has shown better care through intramedullary nailing. However, the reason why this is the case is not fully understood. In addition to concomitant injuries, the immunological aspect is increasingly coming to the fore. Neutrophil granulocytes (PMNL), in particular next to other immunological cell types, seem to be associated with the fracture healing processes. For this reason, the early phase after fracture (up to 72 h after trauma) near the fracture zone in muscle tissue was investigated in a pig model. Material and methods A mono- and polytrauma pig model (sole femur fracture or blunt thoracic trauma, hemorrhagic shock, liver laceration, and femur fracture) was used to demonstrate the immunological situation through muscle biopsies and their analysis by histology and qRT-PCR during a 72 h follow-up phase. Two stabilization methods were used (intramedullary nail vs. external fixator) and compared with a nontraumatized sham group. Results Monotrauma shows higher PMNL numbers in muscle tissue compared with polytrauma (15.52 ± 5.39 mono vs. 8.23 ± 3.36 poly; p = 0.013), regardless of the treatment strategy. In contrast, polytrauma shows a longer lasting invasion of PMNL (24 h vs. 72 h). At 24 h in the case of monotrauma, the fracture treated with external fixation shows more PMNL than the fracture treated with intramedullary nailing (p = 0.026). This difference cannot be determined in polytrauma probably caused by a generalized immune response. Both monotrauma and polytrauma show a delayed PMNL increase in the muscle tissue of the uninjured side. The use of intramedullary nailing in monotrauma resulted in a significant increase in IL-6 (2 h after trauma) and IL-8 (24 and 48 h after trauma) transcription. Conclusion The reduction of PMNL invasion into the nearby muscle tissue of a monotrauma femur fracture stabilized by intramedullary nailing supports the advantages found in everyday clinical practice and therefore underlines the usage of nailing. For the polytrauma situation, the fixation seems to play a minor role, possibly due to a generalized immune reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Greven
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Klemens Horst
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Zhi Qiao
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou City, 450052, China
| | - Felix Marius Bläsius
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ümit Mert
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Michel Paul Johan Teuben
- Department of Traumatology, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nils Hendrik Becker
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Roman Pfeifer
- Department of Traumatology, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Christoph Pape
- Department of Traumatology, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Frank Hildebrand
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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Ahuja N, Jin R, Powers C, Billi A, Bass K. Dehydrated Human Amnion Chorion Membrane as Treatment for Pediatric Burns. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2020; 9:602-611. [PMID: 33095127 PMCID: PMC7580638 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2019.0983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Pediatric burns are a major source of injury and in the absence of adequate care can lead to lifelong functional loss and disfigurement. While split thickness skin autografts are the current standard of care for deep partial and full-thickness burns, this approach is associated with considerable morbidity. For this reason, alternative skin substitutes such as allografts have gained interest. Approach: In the present study, we present a case series of 30 children with various types of burns treated with dehydrated human amnion chorion membrane (dHACM). Results: We show that treatment with dHACM is associated with an excellent rate of healing comparable to split thickness skin grafts with less rate of hypertrophic scar and contracture. Innovation: Treatment with dHACM is particularly attractive as it consists of many tissue regenerative factors, such as growth factors and immune modulators, thus it will reduce the risk of scaring. Conclusion: While dHACM is associated with an increased upfront cost, treating patients with small to moderate-sized burns with dHACM in their regional centers works to decrease downstream costs such as management of prolonged pain from donor-site morbidity, revisional surgeries from scar and contractures of split thickness grafts, and avoiding the cost of transfer to higher level centers of care. Our findings challenge the current standard of care, suggesting that dHACM provides an alternative to the current use of split thickness skin grafting and is a safe, feasible, and potentially superior substitute for the management of small to moderate total body surface area partial and full-thickness pediatric burns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Ahuja
- Department of Surgery, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Richard Jin
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, John R. Oishei Children's Hospital, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Colin Powers
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, John R. Oishei Children's Hospital, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Alexandria Billi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, John R. Oishei Children's Hospital, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Kathryn Bass
- Department of Surgery, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, New York, USA
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, John R. Oishei Children's Hospital, Buffalo, New York, USA
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Kumar AS, Kamalasanan K. Drug delivery to optimize angiogenesis imbalance in keloid: A review. J Control Release 2020; 329:1066-1076. [PMID: 33091533 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The wound healing process involves three continuous stages. Where, any imbalance can lead to the formation of unwanted keloids, hypertrophic scar, or tumors. Keloids are any unpleasant, non-compliant comorbidity affecting a major section of people around the globe who acquire it either genetically or by pathological means as a result of a skin injury. Angiogenesis is unavoidable in the healing process after an injury or disruption of skin to promote tissue regeneration. Uncontrolled angiogenesis during the healing process can initiate the unwanted response in the wound that facilitate keloid. Angiogenic therapy is adapted to accelerate healing after an injury. Else ways, there exists a risk of keloid formation due to excessive angiogenesis during the wound healing process. There are numerous strategies to treat keloid. Anti-angiogenic factors are provided to patients post-surgery to prevent the keloid formation; however, they come into the picture after the formation of keloid. The available strategies to treat keloids are steroidal injections, surgical excision of the keloid, radiotherapy, pressure therapy, the use of cryosurgery, and many more. The available treatments are not promising in reducing the recurrent rate of keloids as there are chances of high re-occurrences with similar/larger lesions on the removed keloid site. In this review, we are discussing the importance of controlled angiogenesis with the help of controlled drug delivery strategies enabling the wound healing process without the induction of keloid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwari S Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, AIMS Ponekkara PO, Kochi, Kerala, 682041, India
| | - Kaladhar Kamalasanan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, AIMS Ponekkara PO, Kochi, Kerala, 682041, India.
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Zhu W, Nie X, Tao Q, Yao H, Wang DA. Interactions at engineered graft-tissue interfaces: A review. APL Bioeng 2020; 4:031502. [PMID: 32844138 PMCID: PMC7443169 DOI: 10.1063/5.0014519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The interactions at the graft-tissue interfaces are critical for the results of engraftments post-implantation. To improve the success rate of the implantations, as well as the quality of the patients' life, understanding the possible reactions between artificial materials and the host tissues is helpful in designing new generations of material-based grafts aiming at inducing specific responses from surrounding tissues for their own reparation and regeneration. To help researchers understand the complicated interactions that occur after implantations and to promote the development of better-designed grafts with improved biocompatibility and patient responses, in this review, the topics will be discussed from the basic reactions that occur chronologically at the graft-tissue interfaces after implantations to the existing and potential applications of the mechanisms of such reactions in designing of grafts. It offers a chance to bring up-to-date advances in the field and new strategies of controlling the graft-tissue interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhen Zhu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637457
| | - Xiaolei Nie
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637457
| | - Qi Tao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Yao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-An Wang
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed: and
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Groppa E, Colliva A, Vuerich R, Kocijan T, Zacchigna S. Immune Cell Therapies to Improve Regeneration and Revascularization of Non-Healing Wounds. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5235. [PMID: 32718071 PMCID: PMC7432547 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
With the increased prevalence of chronic diseases, non-healing wounds place a significant burden on the health system and the quality of life of affected patients. Non-healing wounds are full-thickness skin lesions that persist for months or years. While several factors contribute to their pathogenesis, all non-healing wounds consistently demonstrate inadequate vascularization, resulting in the poor supply of oxygen, nutrients, and growth factors at the level of the lesion. Most existing therapies rely on the use of dermal substitutes, which help the re-epithelialization of the lesion by mimicking a pro-regenerative extracellular matrix. However, in most patients, this approach is not efficient, as non-healing wounds principally affect individuals afflicted with vascular disorders, such as peripheral artery disease and/or diabetes. Over the last 25 years, innovative therapies have been proposed with the aim of fostering the regenerative potential of multiple immune cell types. This can be achieved by promoting cell mobilization into the circulation, their recruitment to the wound site, modulation of their local activity, or their direct injection into the wound. In this review, we summarize preclinical and clinical studies that have explored the potential of various populations of immune cells to promote skin regeneration in non-healing wounds and critically discuss the current limitations that prevent the adoption of these therapies in the clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Groppa
- Cardiovascular Biology Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), 34149 Trieste, Italy; (E.G.); (A.C.); (R.V.); (T.K.)
| | - Andrea Colliva
- Cardiovascular Biology Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), 34149 Trieste, Italy; (E.G.); (A.C.); (R.V.); (T.K.)
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Roman Vuerich
- Cardiovascular Biology Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), 34149 Trieste, Italy; (E.G.); (A.C.); (R.V.); (T.K.)
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Tea Kocijan
- Cardiovascular Biology Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), 34149 Trieste, Italy; (E.G.); (A.C.); (R.V.); (T.K.)
| | - Serena Zacchigna
- Cardiovascular Biology Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), 34149 Trieste, Italy; (E.G.); (A.C.); (R.V.); (T.K.)
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
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Ramirez DC, Gomez Mejiba SE. Pulmonary Neutrophilic Inflammation and Noncommunicable Diseases: Pathophysiology, Redox Mechanisms, Biomarkers, and Therapeutics. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 33:211-227. [PMID: 32319787 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Pulmonary neurophilic inflammation (PNI) is the homing and activation of neutrophil with damage to the microvasculature. This process is involved in pulmonary damage in patients exposed to airborne pollutants (exogenous stressors) and also to systemic inflammation/oxidative stress (endogenous stressors) associated with noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Recent Advances: PNI is an important trigger of the early onset and progression of NCD in susceptible patients exposed to airborne pollutants. Irritation of the lung microvasculature by exogenous and endogenous stressors causes PNI. Circulating endogenous stressors in NCD can cause PNI. Critical Issues: Air pollution-triggered PNI causes increased circulating endogenous stressors that can trigger NCD in susceptible patients. Systemic inflammation/oxidative stress associated with NCD can cause PNI. Inflammation/end-oxidation products of macromolecules are also potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for NCD-triggered PNI- and PNI-triggered NCD. Future Directions: Understanding the molecular mechanism of PNI triggered by exogenous or endogenous stressors will help explain the early onset of NCD in susceptible patients exposed to air pollution. It can also help undercover biomarkers and mechanism-based therapeutic targets in air pollutant-triggered PNI, PNI-triggered NCD, and NCD-triggered PNI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario C Ramirez
- Laboratory of Experimental and Translational Medicine, IMIBIO-SL, CCT-San Luis, CONICET, School of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmacy, National University of San Luis, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Sandra E Gomez Mejiba
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics and Nutrition, IMIBIO-SL, CCT-San Luis, CONICET, School of Health Sciences, National University of San Luis, San Luis, Argentina
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Teuben MPJ, Hofman M, Greven J, Shehu A, Teuber H, Pfeifer R, Pape HC, Hildebrand F. Altered cell surface receptor dynamics and circulatory occurrence of neutrophils in a small animal fracture model. Pathol Res Pract 2020; 216:153108. [PMID: 32853946 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.153108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Excessive activation of the immune response after femoral fractures and fracture fixation is potentially associated with the development of systemic and local complications, particularly in multiple trauma patients. A dysregulated function of neutrophils, the most prevailing immune cells in circulation, has been discussed as a central pathophysiological background for these unfavourable post-traumatic courses. Our aim was to investigate alterations in activity and functionality as expressed by the cell surface receptor dynamics of circulatory neutrophils after femoral fracture and intramedullary stabilization. MATERIAL AND METHODS After intramedullary stabilization, an isolated femur fracture was induced in 18 Sprague-Dawley rats. Animals were terminated at different time points, i.e. after 3 (n = 5, group 3d), 7 (n = 5, group 7d) and 14 (n = 5, Group 14d) days and grouped accordingly. Additionally, baseline measurements were performed in one control animal per study group (n = 3) after anaesthesia induction and termination, without prior intramedullary nailing and fracture induction. The numbers and cell surface expression of CD11b, CD11a, CD62 L, and CD49d of circulating neutrophils were compared between groups. RESULTS Neutrophil numbers were significantly reduced at 3 days compared with baseline measurements (1.2 × 105 vs. 6.3 × 105 cells/mL, p < 0.01). By day 7, neutrophil counts significantly increased back to homeostatic levels (p < 0.05). At day 3, CD11b-expression was significantly reduced, whereas CD11a-expression was increased compared with the baseline measurements (p < 0.05). At day 7, the circulatory neutrophil pool exhibited a unique CD11bhigh/CD11ahigh-neutrophil subset showing a significantly increased co-expression of CD49d. The expression of CD62 L did not change significantly throughout the experiment compared with baseline measurements. CONCLUSIONS This descriptive small animal fracture study is the first to show that an intramedullary stabilized femur fracture is associated with a temporary reduction in circulatory neutrophil count and concurrent changes in circulatory neutrophil function. Moreover, we demonstrated that the restoration to homeostatic neutrophil activation status occurs concomitantly with the appearance of a novel neutrophil subtype (CD11bhigh/CD11ahigh) in circulation. Our fundamental new findings of the changes in circulatory neutrophil count and functionality after trauma form an excellent basis for future studies to further elucidate the role of neutrophils as activators and regulators of different post-traumatic processes, potentially resulting in local (e.g., fracture healing disturbances) or systemic (e.g., MODS) complications. This might result in the development of specific therapies to reduce adverse outcomes after trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel P J Teuben
- Department of Traumatology and Harald Tscherne Research Laboratory, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistraße 10, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Martijn Hofman
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Aachen Medical Center, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Johannes Greven
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Aachen Medical Center, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Alba Shehu
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Aachen Medical Center, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Henrik Teuber
- Department of Traumatology and Harald Tscherne Research Laboratory, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistraße 10, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Roman Pfeifer
- Department of Traumatology and Harald Tscherne Research Laboratory, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistraße 10, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Hans-Christoph Pape
- Department of Traumatology and Harald Tscherne Research Laboratory, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistraße 10, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Frank Hildebrand
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Aachen Medical Center, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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Huang M, Huang X, Jiang B, Zhang P, Guo L, Cui X, Zhou S, Ren L, Zhang M, Zeng J, Huang X, Liang P. linc00174-EZH2-ZNF24/Runx1-VEGFA Regulatory Mechanism Modulates Post-burn Wound Healing. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 21:824-836. [PMID: 32805486 PMCID: PMC7452087 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Preservation of denatured dermis exerts promotive functions in wound healing and improves the appearance and function of skin. Angiogenesis is crucial for wound healing during burn injury. However, the potential molecular mechanism of angiogenesis in the recovery after burn injury remains to be elucidated. Herein, RNA chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) sequencing analysis revealed upregulation of long intergenic non-coding RNA 00174 (linc00174) in the post-burn tissues. linc00174 overexpression promoted angiogenic activities of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in the heat-denatured cell model, characterized by the promotion of cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation. Mechanistically, linc00174 directly bound to enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), thus stimulating the protein level of trimethylation at lysine 27 of histone H3 (H3K27me3). Moreover, inhibition of EZH2 resulted in downregulation of ZNF24 and Runx1, as well as a decline of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA). Furthermore, EZH2 modulated epigenetic repression of ZNF24 and Runx1 through the promoter of H3K27me3. Additionally, ZNF24 and Runx1 both functioned as transcriptional inhibitors of VEGFA. Taken together, these findings uncover that linc00174 epigenetically inhibits ZNF24 and Runx1 expression through binding to EZH2, thus attenuating the suppression of VEGFA, contributing to the facilitation of angiogenesis during the recovery of heat-denatured endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitao Huang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Xu Huang
- Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Bimei Jiang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Pihong Zhang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Le Guo
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Xu Cui
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Situo Zhou
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Licheng Ren
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Minghua Zhang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Jizhang Zeng
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyuan Huang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Pengfei Liang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, P.R. China.
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Liebler-Tenorio EM, Lambertz J, Ostermann C, Sachse K, Reinhold P. Regeneration of Pulmonary Tissue in a Calf Model of Fibrinonecrotic Bronchopneumonia Induced by Experimental Infection with Chlamydia Psittaci. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082817. [PMID: 32316620 PMCID: PMC7215337 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pneumonia is a cause of high morbidity and mortality in humans. Animal models are indispensable to investigate the complex cellular interactions during lung injury and repair in vivo. The time sequence of lesion development and regeneration is described after endobronchial inoculation of calves with Chlamydia psittaci. Calves were necropsied 2-37 days after inoculation (dpi). Lesions and presence of Chlamydia psittaci were investigated using histology and immunohistochemistry. Calves developed bronchopneumonia at the sites of inoculation. Initially, Chlamydia psittaci replicated in type 1 alveolar epithelial cells followed by an influx of neutrophils, vascular leakage, fibrinous exudation, thrombosis and lobular pulmonary necrosis. Lesions were most extensive at 4 dpi. Beginning at 7 dpi, the number of chlamydial inclusions declined and proliferation of cuboidal alveolar epithelial cells and sprouting of capillaries were seen at the periphery of necrotic tissue. At 14 dpi, most of the necrosis had been replaced with alveoli lined with cuboidal epithelial cells resembling type 2 alveolar epithelial cells and mild fibrosis, and hyperplasia of organized lymphoid tissue were observed. At 37 dpi, regeneration of pulmonary tissue was nearly complete and only small foci of remodeling remained. The well-defined time course of development and regeneration of necrotizing pneumonia allows correlation of morphological findings with clinical data or treatment regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth M. Liebler-Tenorio
- Institute for Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Naumburgerstr. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany; (J.L.); (C.O.); (K.S.); (P.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-3641-804-2411
| | - Jacqueline Lambertz
- Institute for Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Naumburgerstr. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany; (J.L.); (C.O.); (K.S.); (P.R.)
- Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt Rhein-Ruhr-Wupper (CVUA-RRW), Deutscher Ring 100, 47798 Krefeld, Germany
| | - Carola Ostermann
- Institute for Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Naumburgerstr. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany; (J.L.); (C.O.); (K.S.); (P.R.)
| | - Konrad Sachse
- Institute for Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Naumburgerstr. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany; (J.L.); (C.O.); (K.S.); (P.R.)
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Leutragraben 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Petra Reinhold
- Institute for Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Naumburgerstr. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany; (J.L.); (C.O.); (K.S.); (P.R.)
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Zou Y, Chen X, He B, Xiao J, Yu Q, Xie B, Yang S, Dai L, Dai Z, Chen Q. Neutrophil extracellular traps induced by cigarette smoke contribute to airway inflammation in mice. Exp Cell Res 2020; 389:111888. [PMID: 32027864 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.111888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) were initially identified as an important antimicrobial barrier to capture and kill microorganisms. Emerging evidence suggests that NETs play a crucial role in chronic airway inflammation induced by cigarette smoke (CS). However, how NETs form and the mechanisms by which NETs function in CS-related airway diseases are still unclear. To explore NET formation and its potential role in CS-related airway diseases, we first established a CS-induced subacute airway inflammation model in mice and verified NET formation in the airways. Moreover, NETs degradation by aerosolized DNase I treatment significantly inhibited the airway inflammation induced by CS in mice. More importantly, by in vitro experiments, we found that cigarette smoke extract (CSE) induces NET formation in an NADPH oxidase-dependent manner, and that macrophages and human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEs) are important targets for the NETs-induced secretion of inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, NETs may represent a critical link among neutrophils, macrophages and HBEs under chronic inflammation conditions induced by CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zou
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Baimei He
- Department of Geriatrics, Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Department of Geriatrics, Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Qiao Yu
- Department of Geriatrics, Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Bin Xie
- Department of Geriatrics, Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Shasha Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Longxia Dai
- Department of Geriatrics, Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Ziyu Dai
- Department of Geriatrics, Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Qiong Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
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Mesenchymal stem cells regulate the Th17/Treg cell balance partly through hepatocyte growth factor in vitro. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:91. [PMID: 32111238 PMCID: PMC7049226 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01612-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exert immunomodulatory functions by inducing the development and differentiation of naive T cells into T cells with an anti-inflammatory regulatory T cell (Treg) phenotype. Our previous study showed that hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) secreted by MSCs had immunomodulatory effects in the context of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. We hypothesized that HGF is a key factor in the MSC-mediated regulation of the T helper 17 (Th17) cell/regulatory T (Treg) cell balance. Methods We investigated the effects of MSCs on the differentiation of CD4+ T cells and the functions of Th17/Treg cells in response to LPS stimulation by performing in vitro coculture experiments. MSCs were added to the upper chambers of cell culture inserts, and CD4+ T cells were plated in the lower chambers, followed by treatment with LPS or an anti-HGF antibody. Th17 (CD4+CD3+RORrt+) and Treg (CD4+CD25+Foxp3+) cell frequencies were analysed by flow cytometry, and the expression of Th17 cell- and Treg cell-related cytokines in the CD4+ T cells or culture medium was measured by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Neutrophil functions were determined by flow cytometry after a coculture with Th17/Treg cells. Results The percentage of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ cells was significantly increased in the CD4+ T cell population, while the percentage of CD4+CD3+RORrt+ cells was significantly decreased after MSC coculture. However, the MSC-induced effect was significantly inhibited by the anti-HGF antibody (p < 0.05). Furthermore, MSCs significantly inhibited the CD4+ T cell expression of IL-17 and IL-6 but increased the expression of IL-10 (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01); these effects were inhibited by the anti-HGF antibody (p < 0.05). In addition, CD4+ T cells cocultured with MSCs significantly inhibited neutrophil phagocytic and oxidative burst activities (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01); however, these MSC-induced effects were inhibited by the anti-HGF antibody (p < 0.05). Conclusion These data suggested that MSCs induced the conversion of fully differentiated Th17 cells into functional Treg cells and thereby modulated the Th17/Treg cell balance in the CD4+ T cell population, which was partly attributed to HGF secreted by the MSCs.
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Mesenchymal stromal cell derived CCL2 is required for accelerated wound healing. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2642. [PMID: 32060374 PMCID: PMC7021763 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59174-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) have immunomodulatory effects impacting macrophages, promoting polarisation towards a reparative phenotype. CCL2 is a potent cytokine involved in the recruitment of macrophages. We hypothesised that MSC derived CCL2 may be involved in the MSC therapeutic effect by facilitating macrophage repolarisation. To further delineate this mechanism, MSC isolated from CCL2 deficient mice (MSC-KO) were applied to excisional wounds in wild-type (WT) mice. CCL2 deficiency in MSC completely abrogated the therapeutic response compared to MSC-WT. MSC-KO were unable to repolarise macrophages to the same extent as WT and this was accompanied by a reduced angiogenesis and re-epithelialisation of the wounds at day 10. This study demonstrates that MSC derived CCL2 is required for MSC induced accelerated wound healing. The role of CCL2 in the interaction between MSC and Macrophages has not been previously demonstrated in accelerated wound healing. CCL2 has a potent effect on the ability to reduce the inflammatory response through local recruitment of macrophages. This research highlights CCL2 as a possible target for augmentation of MSC therapy to enhance therapeutic potential.
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Burska AN, Giannoudis PV, Tan BH, Ilas D, Jones E, Ponchel F. Dynamics of Early Signalling Events during Fracture Healing and Potential Serum Biomarkers of Fracture Non-Union in Humans. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9020492. [PMID: 32054088 PMCID: PMC7073571 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
To characterise the dynamic of events during the early phases of fracture repair in humans, we investigated molecular events using gene expression profiling of bone fragments from the fracture site at different time points after trauma and immune/stromal cells recruitment at the fracture site using flow cytometry. Bone and inflammatory markers were expressed at low levels at homeostasis, while transcripts for bone constituent proteins were consistently detected at higher levels. Early after fracture (range 2-4 days), increased expression of CXCL12, suggested recruitment of immune cells associated with a change in the balance of degradation enzymes and their inhibitors. At intermediate time after fracture (4-8 days), we observed high expression of inflammatory cytokines (IL1-beta, IL6), CCL2, the T-cell activation marker CD69. Late after fracture (8-14 days), high expression of factors co-operating towards the regulation of bone turnover was detected. We identified potential soluble factors and explored circulating levels in patients for whom a union/non-union (U/NU) outcome was known. This showed a clear difference for PlGF (p = 0.003) at day 1. These findings can inform future studies further investigating the cascade of molecular events following fractures and for the prediction of fracture non-union.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata N. Burska
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (A.N.B.); (B.H.T.); (D.I.); (E.J.); (F.P.)
| | - Peter V. Giannoudis
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (A.N.B.); (B.H.T.); (D.I.); (E.J.); (F.P.)
- Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust (LTHT), Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Boon Hiang Tan
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (A.N.B.); (B.H.T.); (D.I.); (E.J.); (F.P.)
- Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust (LTHT), Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Dragos Ilas
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (A.N.B.); (B.H.T.); (D.I.); (E.J.); (F.P.)
| | - Elena Jones
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (A.N.B.); (B.H.T.); (D.I.); (E.J.); (F.P.)
| | - Frederique Ponchel
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (A.N.B.); (B.H.T.); (D.I.); (E.J.); (F.P.)
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Neutrophils priming has been long studied in vitro. Recent studies describe it in vivo. In pathophysiological conditions, complex, heterogeneous characteristics of priming are described in the last few years. RECENT FINDINGS Priming can occur systemically when insults such as sepsis or trauma result in an array of circulating mediators and circulating primed neutrophils seem to exert detrimental effects either directly, or indirectly by interacting with other cells, thereby contributing to the development of organ dysfunction. Local priming of neutrophils augments their ability to clear infection, but may also lead to local bystander tissue injury, for example, in the inflamed joint. The complexity, heterogeneity and dynamic nature of inflammatory responses and the accessibility of cells from local sites make neutrophil priming challenging to study in human disease; however, recent advances have made significant progress to this field. SUMMARY Herein, we summarize the literature regarding neutrophil priming in selected conditions. In some diseases and in the setting of specific genetic influences, the priming repertoire seems to be restricted, with only some neutrophil functions upregulated. A greater understanding of the nature of neutrophil priming and its role in human disease is required before this process becomes tractable to therapeutic intervention.
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66
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Haffner-Luntzer M, Hankenson KD, Ignatius A, Pfeifer R, Khader BA, Hildebrand F, van Griensven M, Pape HC, Lehmicke M. Review of Animal Models of Comorbidities in Fracture-Healing Research. J Orthop Res 2019; 37:2491-2498. [PMID: 31444806 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
There is clinical evidence that patient-specific comorbidities like osteoporosis, concomitant tissue injury, and ischemia may strongly interfere with bone regeneration. However, underlying mechanisms are still unclear. To study these mechanisms in detail, appropriate animal models are needed. For decades, bone healing has been studied in large animals, including dogs, rabbits, pigs, or sheep. However, large animal models display a limited ability to study molecular pathways and cellular functions. Therefore in recent years, mice and rats have become increasingly popular as a model organism for fracture healing research due to the availability of molecular analysis tools and transgenic models. Both large and small animals can be used to study comorbidities and risk factors, modelling the human clinical situation. However, attention has to be paid when choosing an appropriate model due to species differences between large animals, rodents, and humans. This review focuses on large and small animal models for the common comorbidities ischemic injury/reduced vascularization, osteoporosis, and polytrauma, and critically discusses the translational and molecular aspects of these models. Here, we review material which was presented at the workshop "Animal Models of Comorbidities in Fracture Healing Research" at the 2019 ORS Annual Meeting in Austin Texas. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:2491-2498, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Haffner-Luntzer
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Kurt D Hankenson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Anita Ignatius
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Roman Pfeifer
- Department of Trauma, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Basel A Khader
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Frank Hildebrand
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Martijn van Griensven
- Department of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Michael Lehmicke
- Alliance for Regenerative Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia
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Mortaz E, Zadian SS, Shahir M, Folkerts G, Garssen J, Mumby S, Adcock IM. Does Neutrophil Phenotype Predict the Survival of Trauma Patients? Front Immunol 2019; 10:2122. [PMID: 31552051 PMCID: PMC6743367 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), trauma is responsible for 10% of deaths and 16% of disabilities worldwide. This is considerably higher than those for malaria, tuberculosis, and HIV/AIDS combined. While the human suffering and death caused by injury is well-recognized, injury has a significant medical care cost. Better prediction of the state of trauma patients in the days immediately after trauma may reduce costs. Traumatic injuries to multiple organs can cause dysfunction in all systems of the body especially the immune system placing patients at high risk of infections and inflammatory complications which are often fatal. Neutrophils are the most abundant leukocyte in the human circulation and are crucial for the prevention of microbial disease. Significant changes in neutrophil functions such as enhanced chemotaxis, Neutrophil extracellular trap (NET)-induced cell death (NETosis), and phagocytosis occur early after injury followed by prolonged functional defects such as phagocytosis, killing mechanisms, and receptor expression. Analysis of these changes may improve the prediction of the patient's condition over time. We provide a comprehensive and up-to-date review of the literature investigating the effect of trauma on neutrophil phenotype with an underlying goal of using this knowledge to examine the predictive potential of neutrophil alterations on secondary complications in patients with traumatic injuries. We conclude that alterations in neutrophil surface markers and functions may be potential biomarkers that predict the outcome of trauma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmaeil Mortaz
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Sajjad Zadian
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehri Shahir
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gert Folkerts
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Nutricia Research Centre for Specialized Nutrition, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Sharon Mumby
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ian M Adcock
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
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Heck AJ, Ostertag T, Schnell L, Fischer S, Agrawalla BK, Winterwerber P, Wirsching E, Fauler M, Frick M, Kuan SL, Weil T, Barth H. Supramolecular Toxin Complexes for Targeted Pharmacological Modulation of Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte Functions. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1900665. [PMID: 31318180 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201900665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The targeted pharmacological modulation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) is of major medical interest. These innate immune cells play a central role in the defense against pathogenic microorganisms. However, their excessive chemotactic recruitment into tissues after traumatic injury is detrimental due to local and systemic inflammation. Rho-GTPases, being the master regulators of the actin cytoskeleton, regulate migration and chemotaxis of PMNs, are attractive pharmacological targets. Herein, supramolecular protein complexes are assembled in a "mix-and-match" approach containing the specific Rho-inhibiting clostridial C3 enzyme and three PMN-binding peptides using an avidin platform. Selective delivery of the C3 Rho-inhibitor with these complexes into the cytosol of human neutrophil-like NB-4 cells and primary human PMNs ex vivo is demonstrated, where they catalyze the adenosine diphosphate (ADP) ribosylation of Rho and induce a characteristic change in cell morphology. Notably, the complexes do not deliver C3 enzyme into human lung epithelial cells, A549 lung cancer cells, and immortalized human alveolar epithelial cells (hAELVi), demonstrating their cell type-selectivity. The supramolecular complexes represent attractive molecular tools to decipher the role of PMNs in infection and inflammation or for the development of novel therapeutic approaches for diseases that are associated with hyperactivity and reactivity of PMNs such as post-traumatic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Johanna Heck
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Theresa Ostertag
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology – Ulm University Medical Center Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Leonie Schnell
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology – Ulm University Medical Center Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Stephan Fischer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology – Ulm University Medical Center Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | | | - Pia Winterwerber
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Eva Wirsching
- Institute of General Physiology – Ulm University Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Michael Fauler
- Institute of General Physiology – Ulm University Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Manfred Frick
- Institute of General Physiology – Ulm University Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Seah Ling Kuan
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry IUlm University Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Tanja Weil
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry IUlm University Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Holger Barth
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology – Ulm University Medical Center Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
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69
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Peiseler M, Kubes P. More friend than foe: the emerging role of neutrophils in tissue repair. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:2629-2639. [PMID: 31205028 DOI: 10.1172/jci124616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant immune cells in humans and serve as first responders to a myriad of host perturbations. Equipped with a plethora of antimicrobial molecules, neutrophils invade sites of inflammation to eradicate pathogens and clear debris. Traditionally, neutrophils were thought to cause collateral tissue damage before dying at the site. However, the presence of neutrophil infiltration into sterile injuries (in the absence of infections) suggests additional roles for these cells. Now, the view of neutrophils as indiscriminate killers seems to be changing as evolving evidence suggests that neutrophils actively orchestrate resolution of inflammation and contribute to tissue repair. Novel concepts include the idea that neutrophils are key to revascularization and subsequently reverse-transmigrate back to the vasculature, actively leaving sites of tissue damage to re-home to functional niches in the lung and bone marrow. This Review scrutinizes the role of neutrophils in tissue damage and repair, discussing recent findings and raising unresolved questions around this intriguing immune cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Peiseler
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology.,Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, and
| | - Paul Kubes
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology.,Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, and.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Suess PM, Chinea LE, Pilling D, Gomer RH. Extracellular Polyphosphate Promotes Macrophage and Fibrocyte Differentiation, Inhibits Leukocyte Proliferation, and Acts as a Chemotactic Agent for Neutrophils. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:493-499. [PMID: 31160533 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Fibrocytes are monocyte-derived fibroblast like cells that participate in wound healing, but little is known about what initiates fibrocyte differentiation. Blood platelets contain 60-100-mer polymers of phosphate groups called polyphosphate, and when activated, platelets induce blood clotting (the first step in wound healing) in part by the release of polyphosphate. We find that activated platelets release a factor that promotes fibrocyte differentiation. The factor is abolished by treating the crude platelet factor with the polyphosphate-degrading enzyme polyphosphatase, and polyphosphate promotes fibrocyte differentiation. Macrophages and recruited neutrophils also potentiate wound healing, and polyphosphate also promotes macrophage differentiation and induces chemoattraction of neutrophils. In support of the hypothesis that polyphosphate is a signal that affects leukocytes, we observe saturable binding of polyphosphate to these cells. Polyphosphate also inhibits leukocyte proliferation and proteasome activity. These results suggest new roles for extracellular polyphosphate as a mediator of wound healing and inflammation and also provide a potential link between platelet activation and the progression of fibrosing diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Suess
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Luis E Chinea
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Darrell Pilling
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Richard H Gomer
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
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Cossío I, Lucas D, Hidalgo A. Neutrophils as regulators of the hematopoietic niche. Blood 2019; 133:2140-2148. [PMID: 30898859 PMCID: PMC6524561 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-10-844571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The niche that supports hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) in the bone marrow is a highly dynamic structure. It maintains core properties of HSPCs in the steady state, and modulates their proliferation and differentiation in response to changing physiological demands or pathological insults. The dynamic and environment-sensing properties of the niche are shared by the innate immune system. Thus, it is not surprising that innate immune cells, including macrophages and neutrophils, are now recognized as important regulators of the hematopoietic niche and, ultimately, of the stem cells from which they derive. This review synthesizes emerging concepts on niche regulation by immune cells, with a particular emphasis on neutrophils. We argue that the unique developmental, circadian, and migratory properties of neutrophils underlie their critical contributions as regulators of the hematopoietic niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itziar Cossío
- Area of Cell and Developmental Biology, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC) Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Lucas
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH; and
| | - Andrés Hidalgo
- Area of Cell and Developmental Biology, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC) Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximillians-Universität, Munich, Germany
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72
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The Dynamics of the Skin's Immune System. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20081811. [PMID: 31013709 PMCID: PMC6515324 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin is a complex organ that has devised numerous strategies, such as physical, chemical, and microbiological barriers, to protect the host from external insults. In addition, the skin contains an intricate network of immune cells resident to the tissue, crucial for host defense as well as tissue homeostasis. In the event of an insult, the skin-resident immune cells are crucial not only for prevention of infection but also for tissue reconstruction. Deregulation of immune responses often leads to impaired healing and poor tissue restoration and function. In this review, we will discuss the defensive components of the skin and focus on the function of skin-resident immune cells in homeostasis and their role in wound healing.
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73
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Neutrophils and NETs in modulating acute and chronic inflammation. Blood 2019; 133:2178-2185. [PMID: 30898862 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-11-844530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 360] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are an absolutely essential part of the innate immune system, playing an essential role in the control of infectious diseases but more recently are also being viewed as important players in tissue repair. Neutrophils are able to counteract an infection through phagocytosis and/or the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). By contrast, neutrophils help repair damaged tissues, limiting NET production but still phagocytosing debris. However, when inflammation is recurrent, or the inciting agent persists, neutrophils through a frustrated inability to resolve the problem can release NETs to exacerbate tissue damage during inappropriate inflammation. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of NET formation, as well as the apparent paradoxical role of neutrophils and NETs in host defense, chronic inflammation, and tissue disrepair.
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74
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Böhm M, Luger T. Are melanocortin peptides future therapeutics for cutaneous wound healing? Exp Dermatol 2019; 28:219-224. [PMID: 30661264 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous wound healing is a complex process divided into different phases, that is an inflammatory, proliferative and remodelling phase. During these phases, a variety of resident skin cell types but also cells of the immune system orchestrate the healing process. In the last year, it has been shown that the majority of cutaneous cell types express the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) that binds α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) with high affinity and elicits pleiotropic biological effects, for example modulation of inflammation and immune responses, cytoprotection, antioxidative defense and collagen turnover. Truncated α-MSH peptides such as Lys-Pro-Val (KPV) as well as derivatives like Lys-d-Pro-Thr (KdPT), the latter containing the amino acid sequence 193-195 of interleukin-1β, have been found to possess anti-inflammatory effects but to lack the pigment-inducing activity of α-MSH. We propose here that such peptides are promising future candidates for the treatment of cutaneous wounds and skin ulcers. Experimental approaches in silico, in vitro, ex vivo and in animal models are outlined. This is followed by an unbiased discussion of the pro and contra arguments of such peptides as future candidates for the therapeutic management of cutaneous wounds and a review of the so-far available data on melanocortin peptides and derivatives in wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Böhm
- Department of Dermatology, Laboratory for Neuroendocrinology of the Skin and Interdisciplinary Endocrinology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Luger
- Department of Dermatology, Laboratory for Neuroendocrinology of the Skin and Interdisciplinary Endocrinology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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Evaluation of the effectiveness of kINPen Med plasma jet and bioactive agent therapy in a rat model of wound healing. Biointerphases 2018; 13:051002. [PMID: 30326703 DOI: 10.1116/1.5046489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic nonhealing wounds, particularly those complicated by multidrug resistant infections, represent a major health and economic challenge. Plasma treatment promotes wound repair due to its antimicrobial, angiogenic, and cell modulating properties. This study investigated the efficacy of the kINPen Med system in promoting healing and assessed if efficacy was enhanced by adding collagen or hyaluronic acid (HA). Two 6 mm diameter punch biopsy wounds were created on the lumbar spine of Sprague Dawley rats. Based on the results of a pilot study, operating process conditions involving 30 s plasma/day were selected for the pivotal study. In the pivotal study, six groups of rats (n = 28/group) received either control (1), plasma (2), HA (3), plasma and HA (4), collagen (5), or plasma and collagen (6). Wound measurements were obtained on Days 0, 4, 7, and 14. The mean reduction in wound size was significantly higher in all treatment groups compared to controls on Day 4; group 6 performed best. On Day 7, group 6 still performed significantly better compared to groups 1, 2, 3, and 4. Day 14 results were more comparable between groups. Histology (Day 14) revealed epidermal hyperplasia and serocellular crusts. Neutrophilic infiltrates in group 6 were significantly lower compared to group 2. Mononuclear infiltrates were highest in groups 3 and 5, while Langerhans cells were observed in all groups. These results underpin the clinical benefits of the kINPen Med plasma system, particularly when combined with collagen during early inflammatory phases, and support the conduct of future human clinical trials.
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Jenei-Lanzl Z, Meurer A, Zaucke F. Interleukin-1β signaling in osteoarthritis - chondrocytes in focus. Cell Signal 2018; 53:212-223. [PMID: 30312659 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) can be regarded as a chronic, painful and degenerative disease that affects all tissues of a joint and one of the major endpoints being loss of articular cartilage. In most cases, OA is associated with a variable degree of synovial inflammation. A variety of different cell types including chondrocytes, synovial fibroblasts, adipocytes, osteoblasts and osteoclasts as well as stem and immune cells are involved in catabolic and inflammatory processes but also in attempts to counteract the cartilage loss. At the molecular level, these changes are regulated by a complex network of proteolytic enzymes, chemokines and cytokines (for review: [1]). Here, interleukin-1 signaling (IL-1) plays a central role and its effects on the different cell types involved in OA are discussed in this review with a special focus on the chondrocyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsa Jenei-Lanzl
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Research Unit for Osteoarthritis, Orthopaedic University Hospital Friedrichsheim, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Andrea Meurer
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Research Unit for Osteoarthritis, Orthopaedic University Hospital Friedrichsheim, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Frank Zaucke
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Research Unit for Osteoarthritis, Orthopaedic University Hospital Friedrichsheim, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
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