51
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Grañé-Boladeras N, Pérez-Torras S, Lozano JJ, Romero MR, Mazo A, Marín JJ, Pastor-Anglada M. Pharmacogenomic analyzis of the responsiveness of gastrointestinal tumor cell lines to drug therapy: A transportome approach. Pharmacol Res 2016; 113:364-375. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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52
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Finotello R, Monné Rodriguez JM, Vilafranca M, Altimira J, Ramirez GA, Haines A, Ressel L. Immunohistochemical expression of MDR1-Pgp 170 in canine cutaneous and oral melanomas: pattern of expression and association with tumour location and phenotype. Vet Comp Oncol 2016; 15:1393-1402. [DOI: 10.1111/vco.12281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Finotello
- Small Animal Teaching Hospital, Institute of Veterinary Sciences; University of Liverpool; Neston UK
| | - J. M. Monné Rodriguez
- Section of Veterinary Pathology, Institute of Veterinary Sciences; University of Liverpool; Neston UK
| | - M. Vilafranca
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico Histopatológico Histovet; Avda Països Catalans; Barcelona Spain
| | - J. Altimira
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico Histopatológico Histovet; Avda Països Catalans; Barcelona Spain
| | - G. A. Ramirez
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico Histopatológico Histovet; Avda Països Catalans; Barcelona Spain
| | - A. Haines
- Institute of Veterinary Sciences; University of Liverpool; Neston UK
| | - L. Ressel
- Section of Veterinary Pathology, Institute of Veterinary Sciences; University of Liverpool; Neston UK
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53
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Jones SK, Merkel OM. Tackling breast cancer chemoresistance with nano-formulated siRNA. Gene Ther 2016; 23:821-828. [PMID: 27648580 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2016.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cancer diagnosed in women and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women. Current limitations to standard chemotherapy in the clinic are extensively researched, including problems arising from repeated treatments with the same drugs. The phenomenon that cancer cells become resistant toward certain chemo drugs is called chemotherapy resistance. In this review, we are focusing on nanoformulation of siRNA for the fight against breast cancer chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Jones
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - O M Merkel
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
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54
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Zhang Y, Sriraman SK, Kenny HA, Luther E, Torchilin V, Lengyel E. Reversal of Chemoresistance in Ovarian Cancer by Co-Delivery of a P-Glycoprotein Inhibitor and Paclitaxel in a Liposomal Platform. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:2282-2293. [PMID: 27466355 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The overexpression of permeability-glycoprotein (P-gp), an ABC transporter involved in the cellular exclusion of chemotherapeutic drugs, is a major factor in paclitaxel-resistant ovarian cancer. However, in clinical trials, co-administration of P-gp inhibitors and anticancer drugs has not resulted in the efficient reversal of drug resistance. To improve administration, we encapsulated the third-generation P-gp inhibitor tariquidar (XR-9576, XR), alone or in combination with paclitaxel (PCT) in liposomes (LP). After optimization, the liposomes demonstrated favorable physicochemical properties and the ability to reverse chemoresistance in experiments using chemosensitive/chemoresistant ovarian cancer cell line pairs. Analyzing publicly available datasets, we found that overexpression of P-gp in ovarian cancer is associated with a shorter progression-free and overall survival. In vitro, LP(XR) significantly increased the cellular retention of rhodamine 123, a P-gp substrate. LP(XR,PCT) synergistically inhibited cell viability, blocked proliferation, and caused G2-M arrest in paclitaxel-resistant SKOV3-TR and HeyA8-MDR cell lines overexpressing P-gp. Holographic imaging cytometry revealed that LP(XR,PCT) treatment of SKOV3-TR cells induced almost complete mitotic arrest, whereas laser scanning cytometry showed that the treatment induced apoptosis. In proof-of-concept preclinical studies, LP(XR,PCT), when compared with LP(PCT), significantly reduced tumor weight (43.2% vs. 16.9%, P = 0.0007) and number of metastases (44.4% vs. 2.8%, P = 0.012) in mice bearing orthotopic HeyA8-MDR ovarian tumors. In the xenografts, LP(XR,PCT) efficiently induced apoptosis and impaired proliferation. Our findings suggest that co-delivery of a P-gp inhibitor and paclitaxel using a liposomal platform can sensitize paclitaxel-resistant ovarian cancer cells to paclitaxel. LP(XR,PCT) should be considered for clinical testing in patients with P-gp-overexpressing tumors. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(10); 2282-93. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology/Section of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Shravan Kumar Sriraman
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hilary A Kenny
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology/Section of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ed Luther
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Vladimir Torchilin
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ernst Lengyel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology/Section of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
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55
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Messingerova L, Imrichova D, Kavcova H, Seres M, Sulova Z, Breier A. A decrease in cellular microRNA-27a content is involved in azacytidine-induced P-glycoprotein expression in SKM-1 cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2016; 36:81-88. [PMID: 27396688 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We established an azacytidine (AzaC)-resistant human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell line (SKM-1/AzaC) by culturing SKM-1 cells in the presence of increasing amounts of AzaC for six months. Because AzaC is not a substrate of P-glycoprotein (a product of the ABCB1 gene; ABCB1), ABCB1 was not responsible for AzaC resistance; nevertheless, it was notably upregulated in SKM-1/AzaC cells. In addition, the transcription of the Nfkb1 gene, which encodes a member of the canonical NF-kappaB regulatory pathway, was downregulated, and the transcription of the Nfkb2 gene, which encodes a member of the non-canonical NF-kappaB regulatory pathway, was upregulated in SKM-1/AzaC cells. Here, we investigate whether miRNA-27a and miRNA-138 (both of which are known to be regulators of ABCB1 expression) are involved in the regulation of ABCB1 expression in SKM-1/AzaC cells. We observed decreased levels of miRNA-27a but of not miRNA-138 in SKM-1/AzaC cells compared with SKM-1 cells. The transfection of SKM-1/AzaC cells with a miRNA-27a mimic induced the downregulation of the ABCB1 mRNA. This was associated with an increase in Nfkb1 and a decrease in Nfkb2 transcript levels in SKM-1/AzaC cells. Taken together, these data indicate that the downregulation of miRNA-27a is involved in the upregulation of ABCB1 expression in SKM-1/AzaC cells, and this effect is associated with a switch between the canonical and non-canonical NF-kappaB pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Messingerova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinskeho 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia; Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Denisa Imrichova
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Helena Kavcova
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Mario Seres
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zdena Sulova
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Albert Breier
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinskeho 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia; Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovakia.
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56
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Pérez-Torras S, Iglesias I, Llopis M, Lozano JJ, Antolín M, Guarner F, Pastor-Anglada M. Transportome Profiling Identifies Profound Alterations in Crohn's Disease Partially Restored by Commensal Bacteria. J Crohns Colitis 2016; 10:850-9. [PMID: 26874350 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjw042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Several transport alterations have been described in intestinal inflammatory diseases. This is relevant because the primary function of the intestine is nutrient and mineral absorption. However, analysis of the transportome as a whole and the effect of commensal bacteria on it have not been addressed so far. METHODS Five healthy and 6 Crohn's disease (CD) samples were hybridized to human HT-12 V4 Illumina GeneChip. Results were validated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis and with additional array data. Organ culture assays were performed from mucosa ileal wall specimens collected at surgery. Samples were incubated with or without commensal bacteria for 4 hours. Finally, RNA was isolated for microarray processing. RESULTS The analysis of CD versus healthy ileal mucosa demonstrated upregulation of previously described genes involved in immunity and the inflammatory response in this disease. Interestingly, whole transcriptional analysis revealed profound alterations in the transportome profile. Sixty-two solute carrier (SLC) transporters displayed different expression patterns, most of them being downregulated. Changes were confirmed by RT-PCR in a randomly chosen subset of SLCs. A large number of amino acid transporters and most members of the enteric purinome were found to be altered. Most of these proteins were found at the apical membrane of the enterocyte, which could impair both amino acid absorption and purinergic signalling. Treatment of ileum specimen explants with commensal bacteria restored almost all CD transportome alterations. CONCLUSIONS These results describe the altered transportome profile in CD and open the possibility of restoring transportome complications with commensal bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Pérez-Torras
- Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Oncology Program, CIBERehd, National Biomedical Research Institute on Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ingrid Iglesias
- Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Oncology Program, CIBERehd, National Biomedical Research Institute on Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Llopis
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, CIBEREHD, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | | | - María Antolín
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, CIBEREHD, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Francisco Guarner
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, CIBEREHD, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Marçal Pastor-Anglada
- Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Oncology Program, CIBERehd, National Biomedical Research Institute on Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
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57
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Giantin M, Baratto C, Marconato L, Vascellari M, Mutinelli F, Dacasto M, Granato A. Transcriptomic analysis identified up-regulation of a solute carrier transporter and UDP glucuronosyltransferases in dogs with aggressive cutaneous mast cell tumours. Vet J 2016; 212:36-43. [PMID: 27256023 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2016.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Gene expression analyses have been recently used in cancer research to identify genes associated with tumorigenesis and potential prognostic markers or therapeutic targets. In the present study, the transcriptome of dogs that had died because of mast cell tumours (MCTs) was characterised to identify a fingerprint having significant influence on prognosis determination and treatment selection. A dataset (GSE50433) obtained using a commercial canine DNA microarray platform was used. The transcriptome of seven biopsies obtained from dogs with histologically confirmed, surgically removed MCTs, treated with chemotherapy, and dead for MCT-related causes, was compared with the transcriptional portrait of 40 samples obtained from dogs with histologically confirmed, surgically removed MCTs and that were still alive at the end of the follow-up period. Among the differentially expressed genes (DEGs), eight transcripts were validated by quantitative real time PCR and their mRNA levels were measured in a cohort of 22 additional MCTs. Statistical analysis identified 375 DEGs (fold change 2, false discovery rate 5%). The functional annotation analysis indicated that the DEGs were associated with drug metabolism and cell cycle pathways. Particularly, members of solute carrier transporter (SLC) and UDP glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) gene families were identified as dysregulated. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the 22 additional MCTs identified the separate cluster dogs dead for MCT-related causes. SLCs and UGTs have been recently recognised in human cancer as important key factors in tumour progression and chemo-resistance. An in-depth analysis of their roles in aggressive canine MCT is warranted in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mery Giantin
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Comparata e Alimentazione, Università degli Studi di Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, I-35020 Agripolis Legnaro (Padova), Italy.
| | - Chiara Baratto
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università 10, I-35020 Legnaro (Padova), Italy
| | - Laura Marconato
- Centro Oncologico Veterinario, Via San Lorenzo 1/4, I-40037 Sasso Marconi (Bologna), Italy
| | - Marta Vascellari
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università 10, I-35020 Legnaro (Padova), Italy
| | - Franco Mutinelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università 10, I-35020 Legnaro (Padova), Italy
| | - Mauro Dacasto
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Comparata e Alimentazione, Università degli Studi di Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, I-35020 Agripolis Legnaro (Padova), Italy
| | - Anna Granato
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università 10, I-35020 Legnaro (Padova), Italy
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58
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Jongkhajornpong P, Nakamura T, Sotozono C, Nagata M, Inatomi T, Kinoshita S. Elevated expression of ABCB5 in ocular surface squamous neoplasia. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20541. [PMID: 26843453 PMCID: PMC4740799 DOI: 10.1038/srep20541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 5 (ABCB5) is a new member of the ATP-binding cassette superfamily and has been reported as a novel marker for limbal stem cell (LSC), which is essential for corneal homeostasis. ABCB5 expression has also been discovered in the subpopulation of several cancer cells containing the cancer stem cell (CSC). However, the pathogenetic relationship between LSC and CSC and ABCB5 in the ocular surface squamous neoplasm (OSSN) is still entirely unknown. To improve understanding of the role of ABCB5 in OSSN, we performed immunohistochemistry for ABCB5 in nine OSSN case series. While expression of ABCB5 is restricted to the basal epithelial cell layer in the normal limbus, elevated expressions of ABCB5 were clearly observed in all OSSN, and there was some breadth in the range of intensity of ABCB5 expression. Interestingly, the elevated expression patterns of ABCB5 in OSSN could be classified in three categories: perivascular, marginal and diffuse patterns. Our findings demonstrated for the first time that the expression of ABCB5 was upregulated in OSSN and that elevated expression of ABCB5 may be involved in the pathogenesis of OSSN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Passara Jongkhajornpong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Takahiro Nakamura
- Department of Frontier Medical Science and Technology for Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Chie Sotozono
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Maho Nagata
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Inatomi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kinoshita
- Department of Frontier Medical Science and Technology for Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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59
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Gillet JP, Andersen JB, Madigan JP, Varma S, Bagni RK, Powell K, Burgan WE, Wu CP, Calcagno AM, Ambudkar SV, Thorgeirsson SS, Gottesman MM. A Gene Expression Signature Associated with Overall Survival in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Suggests a New Treatment Strategy. Mol Pharmacol 2016; 89:263-72. [PMID: 26668215 PMCID: PMC4727122 DOI: 10.1124/mol.115.101360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite improvements in the management of liver cancer, the survival rate for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains dismal. The survival benefit of systemic chemotherapy for the treatment of liver cancer is only marginal. Although the reasons for treatment failure are multifactorial, intrinsic resistance to chemotherapy plays a primary role. Here, we analyzed the expression of 377 multidrug resistance (MDR)-associated genes in two independent cohorts of patients with advanced HCC, with the aim of finding ways to improve survival in this poor-prognosis cancer. Taqman-based quantitative polymerase chain reaction revealed a 45-gene signature that predicts overall survival (OS) in patients with HCC. Using the Connectivity Map Tool, we were able to identify drugs that converted the gene expression profiles of HCC cell lines from ones matching patients with poor OS to profiles associated with good OS. We found three compounds that convert the gene expression profiles of three HCC cell lines to gene expression profiles associated with good OS. These compounds increase histone acetylation, which correlates with the synergistic sensitization of those MDR tumor cells to conventional chemotherapeutic agents, including cisplatin, sorafenib, and 5-fluorouracil. Our results indicate that it is possible to modulate gene expression profiles in HCC cell lines to those associated with better outcome. This approach also increases sensitization of HCC cells toward conventional chemotherapeutic agents. This work suggests new treatment strategies for a disease for which few therapeutic options exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Gillet
- Laboratory of Cell Biology (J-P.G., J.P.M., C-P.W., A.M.C., S.V.A., M.M.G.) and Laboratory of Experimental Carcinogenesis (J.B.A., S.S.T.), Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, and Bioinformatics and Computational Biosciences Branch, Office of Cyber Infrastructure and Computational Biology, Office of Science Management and Operations, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (S.V.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and the Viral Technologies Group and Molecular Detection Group, Protein Expression Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Marylanld (R.K.B., K.P., W.E.B.)
| | - Jesper B Andersen
- Laboratory of Cell Biology (J-P.G., J.P.M., C-P.W., A.M.C., S.V.A., M.M.G.) and Laboratory of Experimental Carcinogenesis (J.B.A., S.S.T.), Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, and Bioinformatics and Computational Biosciences Branch, Office of Cyber Infrastructure and Computational Biology, Office of Science Management and Operations, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (S.V.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and the Viral Technologies Group and Molecular Detection Group, Protein Expression Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Marylanld (R.K.B., K.P., W.E.B.)
| | - James P Madigan
- Laboratory of Cell Biology (J-P.G., J.P.M., C-P.W., A.M.C., S.V.A., M.M.G.) and Laboratory of Experimental Carcinogenesis (J.B.A., S.S.T.), Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, and Bioinformatics and Computational Biosciences Branch, Office of Cyber Infrastructure and Computational Biology, Office of Science Management and Operations, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (S.V.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and the Viral Technologies Group and Molecular Detection Group, Protein Expression Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Marylanld (R.K.B., K.P., W.E.B.)
| | - Sudhir Varma
- Laboratory of Cell Biology (J-P.G., J.P.M., C-P.W., A.M.C., S.V.A., M.M.G.) and Laboratory of Experimental Carcinogenesis (J.B.A., S.S.T.), Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, and Bioinformatics and Computational Biosciences Branch, Office of Cyber Infrastructure and Computational Biology, Office of Science Management and Operations, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (S.V.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and the Viral Technologies Group and Molecular Detection Group, Protein Expression Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Marylanld (R.K.B., K.P., W.E.B.)
| | - Rachel K Bagni
- Laboratory of Cell Biology (J-P.G., J.P.M., C-P.W., A.M.C., S.V.A., M.M.G.) and Laboratory of Experimental Carcinogenesis (J.B.A., S.S.T.), Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, and Bioinformatics and Computational Biosciences Branch, Office of Cyber Infrastructure and Computational Biology, Office of Science Management and Operations, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (S.V.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and the Viral Technologies Group and Molecular Detection Group, Protein Expression Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Marylanld (R.K.B., K.P., W.E.B.)
| | - Katie Powell
- Laboratory of Cell Biology (J-P.G., J.P.M., C-P.W., A.M.C., S.V.A., M.M.G.) and Laboratory of Experimental Carcinogenesis (J.B.A., S.S.T.), Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, and Bioinformatics and Computational Biosciences Branch, Office of Cyber Infrastructure and Computational Biology, Office of Science Management and Operations, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (S.V.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and the Viral Technologies Group and Molecular Detection Group, Protein Expression Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Marylanld (R.K.B., K.P., W.E.B.)
| | - William E Burgan
- Laboratory of Cell Biology (J-P.G., J.P.M., C-P.W., A.M.C., S.V.A., M.M.G.) and Laboratory of Experimental Carcinogenesis (J.B.A., S.S.T.), Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, and Bioinformatics and Computational Biosciences Branch, Office of Cyber Infrastructure and Computational Biology, Office of Science Management and Operations, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (S.V.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and the Viral Technologies Group and Molecular Detection Group, Protein Expression Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Marylanld (R.K.B., K.P., W.E.B.)
| | - Chung-Pu Wu
- Laboratory of Cell Biology (J-P.G., J.P.M., C-P.W., A.M.C., S.V.A., M.M.G.) and Laboratory of Experimental Carcinogenesis (J.B.A., S.S.T.), Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, and Bioinformatics and Computational Biosciences Branch, Office of Cyber Infrastructure and Computational Biology, Office of Science Management and Operations, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (S.V.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and the Viral Technologies Group and Molecular Detection Group, Protein Expression Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Marylanld (R.K.B., K.P., W.E.B.)
| | - Anna Maria Calcagno
- Laboratory of Cell Biology (J-P.G., J.P.M., C-P.W., A.M.C., S.V.A., M.M.G.) and Laboratory of Experimental Carcinogenesis (J.B.A., S.S.T.), Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, and Bioinformatics and Computational Biosciences Branch, Office of Cyber Infrastructure and Computational Biology, Office of Science Management and Operations, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (S.V.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and the Viral Technologies Group and Molecular Detection Group, Protein Expression Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Marylanld (R.K.B., K.P., W.E.B.)
| | - Suresh V Ambudkar
- Laboratory of Cell Biology (J-P.G., J.P.M., C-P.W., A.M.C., S.V.A., M.M.G.) and Laboratory of Experimental Carcinogenesis (J.B.A., S.S.T.), Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, and Bioinformatics and Computational Biosciences Branch, Office of Cyber Infrastructure and Computational Biology, Office of Science Management and Operations, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (S.V.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and the Viral Technologies Group and Molecular Detection Group, Protein Expression Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Marylanld (R.K.B., K.P., W.E.B.)
| | - Snorri S Thorgeirsson
- Laboratory of Cell Biology (J-P.G., J.P.M., C-P.W., A.M.C., S.V.A., M.M.G.) and Laboratory of Experimental Carcinogenesis (J.B.A., S.S.T.), Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, and Bioinformatics and Computational Biosciences Branch, Office of Cyber Infrastructure and Computational Biology, Office of Science Management and Operations, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (S.V.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and the Viral Technologies Group and Molecular Detection Group, Protein Expression Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Marylanld (R.K.B., K.P., W.E.B.)
| | - Michael M Gottesman
- Laboratory of Cell Biology (J-P.G., J.P.M., C-P.W., A.M.C., S.V.A., M.M.G.) and Laboratory of Experimental Carcinogenesis (J.B.A., S.S.T.), Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, and Bioinformatics and Computational Biosciences Branch, Office of Cyber Infrastructure and Computational Biology, Office of Science Management and Operations, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (S.V.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and the Viral Technologies Group and Molecular Detection Group, Protein Expression Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Marylanld (R.K.B., K.P., W.E.B.)
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60
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Herzberg M, Bauer L, Kirsten A, Nies DH. Interplay between seven secondary metal uptake systems is required for full metal resistance of Cupriavidus metallidurans. Metallomics 2016; 8:313-26. [DOI: 10.1039/c5mt00295h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Toward understanding the selective anticancer capacity of cold atmospheric plasma--a model based on aquaporins (Review). Biointerphases 2015; 10:040801. [PMID: 26700469 DOI: 10.1116/1.4938020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Selectively treating tumor cells is the ongoing challenge of modern cancer therapy. Recently, cold atmospheric plasma (CAP), a near room-temperature ionized gas, has been demonstrated to exhibit selective anticancer behavior. However, the mechanism governing such selectivity is still largely unknown. In this review, the authors first summarize the progress that has been made applying CAP as a selective tool for cancer treatment. Then, the key role of aquaporins in the H2O2 transmembrane diffusion is discussed. Finally, a novel model, based on the expression of aquaporins, is proposed to explain why cancer cells respond to CAP treatment with a greater rise in reactive oxygen species than homologous normal cells. Cancer cells tend to express more aquaporins on their cytoplasmic membranes, which may cause the H2O2 uptake speed in cancer cells to be faster than in normal cells. As a result, CAP treatment kills cancer cells more easily than normal cells. Our preliminary observations indicated that glioblastoma cells consumed H2O2 much faster than did astrocytes in either the CAP-treated or H2O2-rich media, which supported the selective model based on aquaporins.
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Nevedomskaya E, Perryman R, Solanki S, Syed N, Mayboroda OA, Keun HC. A Systems Oncology Approach Identifies NT5E as a Key Metabolic Regulator in Tumor Cells and Modulator of Platinum Sensitivity. J Proteome Res 2015; 15:280-90. [PMID: 26629888 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Altered metabolism in tumor cells is required for rapid proliferation but also can influence other phenotypes that affect clinical outcomes such as metastasis and sensitivity to chemotherapy. Here, a genome-wide association study (GWAS)-guided integration of NCI-60 transcriptome and metabolome data identified ecto-5'-nucleotidase (NT5E or CD73) as a major determinant of metabolic phenotypes in cancer cells. NT5E expression and associated metabolome variations were also correlated with sensitivity to several chemotherapeutics including platinum-based treatment. NT5E mRNA levels were observed to be elevated in cells upon in vitro and in vivo acquisition of platinum resistance in ovarian cancer cells, and specific targeting of NT5E increased tumor cell sensitivity to platinum. We observed that tumor NT5E levels were prognostic for outcomes in ovarian cancer and were elevated after treatment with platinum, supporting the translational relevance of our findings. In this work, we integrated and analyzed a plethora of public data, demonstating the merit of such a systems oncology approach for the discovery of novel players in cancer biology and therapy. We experimentally validated the main findings of the NT5E gene being involved in both intrinsic and acquired resistance to platinum-based drugs. We propose that the efficacy of conventional chemotherapy could be improved by NT5E inhibition and that NT5E expression may be a useful prognostic and predictive clinical biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Nevedomskaya
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC) , L4-Q, PO Box 9600, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Richard Perryman
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital , London W12 0NN, United Kingdom.,Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London , London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Shyam Solanki
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital , London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Nelofer Syed
- Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London , London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Oleg A Mayboroda
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC) , L4-Q, PO Box 9600, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hector C Keun
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital , London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
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Kondo S, Hongama K, Hanaya K, Yoshida R, Kawanobe T, Katayama K, Noguchi K, Sugimoto Y. Upregulation of cellular glutathione levels in human ABCB5- and murine Abcb5-transfected cells. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2015; 16:37. [PMID: 26666373 PMCID: PMC4678490 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-015-0038-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previously, we have demonstrated that human ABCB5 is a full-sized ATP-binding cassette transporter that shares strong homology with ABCB1/P-glycoprotein. ABCB5-transfected cells showed resistance to taxanes and anthracyclines. Herein, we further screened ABCB5 substrates, and explored the mechanism of resistance. Methods Sensitivity of the cells to test compounds was evaluated using cell growth inhibition assay. Cellular levels of buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), glutathione and amino acids were measured using HPLC and an enzyme-based assay. Cellular and vesicular transport of glutathione was evaluated by a radiolabeled substrate. Expression levels of glutathione-metabolizing enzymes were assessed by RT-PCR. Results Human ABCB5-transfected 293/B5-11 cells and murine Abcb5-transfected 293/mb5-8 cells showed 6.5- and 14-fold higher resistance to BSO than the mock-transfected 293/mock cells, respectively. BSO is an inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine ligase (GCL), which is a key enzyme of glutathione synthesis. 293/B5-11 and 293/mb5-8 cells also showed resistance to methionine sulfoximine, another GCL inhibitor. A cellular uptake experiment revealed that BSO accumulation in 293/B5-11 and 293/mb5-8 cells was similar to that in 293/mock cells, suggesting that BSO is not an ABCB5 substrate. The cellular glutathione content in 293/B5-11 and 293/mb5-8 cells was significantly higher than that in 293/mock cells. Evaluation of the BSO effect on the cellular glutathione content showed that compared with 293/mock cells the BSO concentration required for a 50 % reduction in glutathione content in 293/B5-11 and 293/mb5-8 cells was approximately 2- to 3-fold higher. This result suggests that the BSO resistance of the ABCB5- and Abcb5-transfected cells can be attributed to the reduced effect of BSO on the transfectants. Cellular and vesicular transport assays showed that the transport of radiolabeled glutathione in 293/B5-11 cells was similar to that in 293/mock cells. The mRNA expression of genes encoding glutathione-metabolizing enzymes in 293/B5-11 cells was similar to that in 293/mock cells. The cellular content of Glu, a precursor of glutathione, in 293/B5-11 and 293/mb5-8 cells was higher than that in 293/mock cells. Conclusions ABCB5/Abcb5-transfected cells showed resistance to BSO, which is not a substrate of ABCB5. Our results suggest that ABCB5/Abcb5 upregulates cellular glutathione levels to protect cells from various poisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Kondo
- Division of Chemotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 shibakoen, Minato-ku, 105-8512, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Keita Hongama
- Division of Chemotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 shibakoen, Minato-ku, 105-8512, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kengo Hanaya
- Division of Organic and Biocatalytic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 shibakoen, Minato-ku, 105-8512, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Ryota Yoshida
- Division of Chemotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 shibakoen, Minato-ku, 105-8512, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Takaaki Kawanobe
- Division of Chemotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 shibakoen, Minato-ku, 105-8512, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiro Katayama
- Division of Chemotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 shibakoen, Minato-ku, 105-8512, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kohji Noguchi
- Division of Chemotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 shibakoen, Minato-ku, 105-8512, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yoshikazu Sugimoto
- Division of Chemotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 shibakoen, Minato-ku, 105-8512, Tokyo, Japan.
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Monitoring the Antioxidant Mediated Chemosensitization and ARE-Signaling in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Therapy. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141913. [PMID: 26536456 PMCID: PMC4633093 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy often fails due to cellular detoxifying mechanisms, including phase-II enzymes. Activation of Nrf2-Keap1 pathway induces phase-II enzymes expression through ARE-signaling and prevents cancer development. Nrf2-overexpression in cancer cells results in chemo- and/or radioresistance. This necessitates understanding of Nrf2-regulation, and identification of Nrf2 activators/inhibitors sensitizing cancer cells to improve chemotherapy. N-terminal 435-amino acids of Nrf2 are crucial for Keap1 binding during ubiquitination. Identification of a minimum Nrf2-domain required for Keap1 binding without altering endogenous ARE-signaling would be a novel tool to study Nrf2-signaling. Current study developed firefly-luciferase reporter fusion with N-terminal Nrf2-domain of different lengths and examined its response to Nrf2-activators in cells. The results identified FLuc2 fusion with N-terminal 100-aa of Nrf2 is sufficient for measuring Nrf2-activation in cancer cells. We used MDA-MB231 cells expressing this particular construct for studying antioxidant induced Nrf2-activation and chemosensitization in triple-negative breast cancer therapy. While antioxidant EGCG showed chemosensitization of MDA-MB231 cells to cisplatin by activating Nrf2-ARE signaling, PTS, another antioxidant showed chemoprotection. Tumor xenograft study in mouse demonstrates that combinational treatment by cisplatin/EGCG resulted in tumor growth reduction, compared to cisplatin alone treatment. The results of this study highlight the importance of identifying selective combination of antioxidants/chemotherapeutic agents for customized treatment strategy.
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Ponnusamy L, Mahalingaiah PKS, Singh KP. Chronic Oxidative Stress Increases Resistance to Doxorubicin-Induced Cytotoxicity in Renal Carcinoma Cells Potentially Through Epigenetic Mechanism. Mol Pharmacol 2015; 89:27-41. [DOI: 10.1124/mol.115.100206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Ween MP, Armstrong MA, Oehler MK, Ricciardelli C. The role of ABC transporters in ovarian cancer progression and chemoresistance. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2015; 96:220-56. [PMID: 26100653 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2015.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over 80% of ovarian cancer patients develop chemoresistance which results in a lethal course of the disease. A well-established cause of chemoresistance involves the family of ATP-binding cassette transporters, or ABC transporters that transport a wide range of substrates including metabolic products, nutrients, lipids, and drugs across extra- and intra-cellular membranes. Expressions of various ABC transporters, shown to reduce the intracellular accumulation of chemotherapy drugs, are increased following chemotherapy and impact on ovarian cancer survival. Although clinical trials to date using ABC transporter inhibitors have been disappointing, ABC transporter inhibition remains an attractive potential adjuvant to chemotherapy. A greater understanding of their physiological functions and role in ovarian cancer chemoresistance will be important for the development of more effective targeted therapies. This article will review the role of the ABC transporter family in ovarian cancer progression and chemoresistance as well as the clinical attempts used to date to reverse chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Ween
- Lung Research, Hanson Institute and Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide
| | - M A Armstrong
- Data Management and Analysis Centre, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - M K Oehler
- Gynaecological Oncology Department, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Australia; School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - C Ricciardelli
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Australia.
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Pedraz-Cuesta E, Christensen S, Jensen AA, Jensen NF, Bunch L, Romer MU, Brünner N, Stenvang J, Pedersen SF. The glutamate transport inhibitor DL-Threo-β-Benzyloxyaspartic acid (DL-TBOA) differentially affects SN38- and oxaliplatin-induced death of drug-resistant colorectal cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:411. [PMID: 25981639 PMCID: PMC4445981 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1405-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer death globally and new biomarkers and treatments are severely needed. Methods Here, we employed HCT116 and LoVo human CRC cells made resistant to either SN38 or oxaliplatin, to investigate whether altered expression of the high affinity glutamate transporters Solute Carrier (SLC)-1A1 and -1A3 (EAAT3, EAAT1) is associated with the resistant phenotypes. Analyses included real-time quantitative PCR, immunoblotting and immunofluorescence analyses, radioactive tracer flux measurements, and biochemical analyses of cell viability and glutathione content. Results were evaluated using one- and two-way ANOVA and Students two-tailed t-test, as relevant. Results In SN38-resistant HCT116 and LoVo cells, SLC1A1 expression was down-regulated ~60 % and up-regulated ~4-fold, respectively, at both mRNA and protein level, whereas SLC1A3 protein was undetectable. The changes in SLC1A1 expression were accompanied by parallel changes in DL-Threo-β-Benzyloxyaspartic acid (TBOA)-sensitive, UCPH101-insensitive [3H]-D-Aspartate uptake, consistent with increased activity of SLC1A1 (or other family members), yet not of SLC1A3. DL-TBOA co-treatment concentration-dependently augmented loss of cell viability induced by SN38, while strongly counteracting that induced by oxaliplatin, in both HCT116 and LoVo cells. This reflected neither altered expression of the oxaliplatin transporter Cu2+-transporter-1 (CTR1), nor changes in cellular reduced glutathione (GSH), although HCT116 cell resistance per se correlated with increased cellular GSH. DL-TBOA did not significantly alter cellular levels of p21, cleaved PARP-1, or phospho-Retinoblastoma protein, yet altered SLC1A1 subcellular localization, and reduced chemotherapy-induced p53 induction. Conclusions SLC1A1 expression and glutamate transporter activity are altered in SN38-resistant CRC cells. Importantly, the non-selective glutamate transporter inhibitor DL-TBOA reduces chemotherapy-induced p53 induction and augments CRC cell death induced by SN38, while attenuating that induced by oxaliplatin. These findings may point to novel treatment options in treatment-resistant CRC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-015-1405-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Pedraz-Cuesta
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 13, Universitetsparken, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Sandra Christensen
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 13, Universitetsparken, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Anders A Jensen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, 13, Universitetsparken, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Niels Frank Jensen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Disease Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Lennart Bunch
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, 13, Universitetsparken, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Maria Unni Romer
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Disease Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Nils Brünner
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Disease Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Jan Stenvang
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Disease Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Stine Falsig Pedersen
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 13, Universitetsparken, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Khatri R, Shah P, Guha R, Rassool FV, Tomkinson AE, Brodie A, Jaiswal AK. Aromatase Inhibitor-Mediated Downregulation of INrf2 (Keap1) Leads to Increased Nrf2 and Resistance in Breast Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2015; 14:1728-37. [PMID: 25976679 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-14-0672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Aromatase inhibitors are effective drugs that reduce or eliminate hormone-sensitive breast cancer. However, despite their efficacy, resistance to these drugs can occur in some patients. The INrf2 (Keap1):Nrf2 complex serves as a sensor of drug/radiation-induced oxidative/electrophilic stress. INrf2 constitutively suppresses Nrf2 by functioning as an adapter protein for the Cul3/Rbx1-mediated ubiquitination/degradation of Nrf2. Upon stress, Nrf2 dissociates from INrf2, is stabilized, translocates to the nucleus, and coordinately induces a battery of cytoprotective gene expression. Current studies investigated the role of Nrf2 in aromatase inhibitor resistance. RT-PCR and immunoblot assays showed that aromatase inhibitor-resistant breast cancer LTLTCa and AnaR cells express lower INrf2 and higher Nrf2 protein levels, as compared with drug-sensitive MCF-7Ca and AC1 cells, respectively. The increase in Nrf2 was due to lower ubiquitination/degradation of Nrf2 in aromatase inhibitor-resistant cells. Higher Nrf2-mediated levels of biotransformation enzymes, drug transporters, and antiapoptotic proteins contributed to reduced efficacy of drugs and aversion to apoptosis that led to drug resistance. shRNA inhibition of Nrf2 in LTLTCa (LTLTCa-Nrf2KD) cells reduced resistance and sensitized cells to aromatase inhibitor exemestane. Interestingly, LTLTCa-Nrf2KD cells also showed reduced levels of aldehyde dehydrogenase, a marker of tumor-initiating cells and significantly decreased mammosphere formation, as compared with LTLTCa-Vector control cells. The results together suggest that persistent aromatase inhibitor treatment downregulated INrf2 leading to higher expression of Nrf2 and Nrf2-regulated cytoprotective proteins that resulted in increased aromatase inhibitor drug resistance. These findings provide a rationale for the development of Nrf2 inhibitors to overcome resistance and increase efficacy of aromatase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju Khatri
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Preeti Shah
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Rupa Guha
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Feyruz V Rassool
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Alan E Tomkinson
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Angela Brodie
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Anil K Jaiswal
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
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de Waard NE, Kolovou PE, McGuire SP, Cao J, Frank NY, Frank MH, Jager MJ, Ksander BR. Expression of Multidrug Resistance Transporter ABCB5 in a Murine Model of Human Conjunctival Melanoma. Ocul Oncol Pathol 2015; 1:182-189. [PMID: 25960995 DOI: 10.1159/000371555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjunctival melanoma (CM) is a rare ocular malignancy with a high tendency to reoccur locally and with a high risk of metastatic disease. Metastases are often unresponsive to conventional treatment. Recently, an animal model was set up using human CM cells. Orthotopic xenografts from human CM were created by subconjunctival injection of three different CM cell lines into NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid IL2rgtm1Wjl /SzJ (NSG) mice. Subconjunctival injection of cultured CM cells led to excellent subconjunctival growth, but no metastases were found. When single-cell suspensions were obtained from the subconjunctival xenografts and passaged in vivo, all mice developed metastases. As recent findings indicate that cancer stem cells are linked to tumor recurrences, we used this new murine model to determine the expression of the stem cell marker ABCB5 during tumor progression. Expression of the ABCB5 protein was determined in three cell lines and during different stages of tumor development as observed in our model. All three cell lines contained a subpopulation of cells positive for ABCB5. During tumor development, expression of ABCB5 increased during phases of tumor expansion. Furthermore, expression of ABCB5 was increased in metastases. Using this model for CM, we were able to initiate metastatic spread and determine the expression of the stem cell marker ABCB5 during different stages of tumor development, identifying ABCB5 as a potential novel therapeutic target. This study illustrates the potential of our newly established murine model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine E de Waard
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute and Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Mass., USA ; Department of Ophthalmology, LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Paraskevi E Kolovou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute and Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Mass., USA
| | - Sean P McGuire
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute and Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Mass., USA
| | - Jinfeng Cao
- Department of Ophthalmology, LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands ; Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Natasha Y Frank
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass., USA ; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass., USA
| | - Markus H Frank
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass., USA ; Transplant Research Program, Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass., USA
| | - Martine J Jager
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute and Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Mass., USA ; Department of Ophthalmology, LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bruce R Ksander
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute and Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Mass., USA
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Phase I/II Study of Azacitidine, Docetaxel, and Prednisone in Patients With Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Previously Treated With Docetaxel-Based Therapy. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2015; 13:22-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2014.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Rasool M, Malik A, Naseer MI, Manan A, Ansari SA, Begum I, Qazi MH, Pushparaj PN, Abuzenadah AM, Al-Qahtani MH, Kamal MA, Natesan Pushparaj P, Gan SH. The role of epigenetics in personalized medicine: challenges and opportunities. BMC Med Genomics 2015; 8 Suppl 1:S5. [PMID: 25951941 PMCID: PMC4315318 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8794-8-s1-s5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic alterations are considered to be very influential in both the normal and disease states of an organism. These alterations include methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitylation of DNA and histone proteins (nucleosomes) as well as chromatin remodeling. Many diseases, such as cancers and neurodegenerative disorders, are often associated with epigenetic alterations. DNA methylation is one important modification that leads to disease. Standard therapies are given to patients; however, few patients respond to these drugs, because of various molecular alterations in their cells, which may be partially due to genetic heterogeneity and epigenetic alterations. To realize the promise of personalized medicine, both genetic and epigenetic diagnostic testing will be required. This review will discuss the advances that have been made as well as the challenges for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Rasool
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- KACST Technology Innovation Center in Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Arif Malik
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, (IMBB), the University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran Naseer
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Manan
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, (IMBB), the University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shakeel Ahmed Ansari
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Irshad Begum
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, (IMBB), the University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mahmood Husain Qazi
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine (CRiMM), The University of Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Peter Natesan Pushparaj
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel M Abuzenadah
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- KACST Technology Innovation Center in Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Peter Natesan Pushparaj
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Siew Hua Gan
- Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Abstract
Since over 50 years, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is in use as backbone of chemotherapy treatment regimens for a wide range of cancers including colon, breast, and head and neck carcinomas. However, drug resistance and severe toxicities such as mucositis, diarrhea, neutropenia, and vomiting in up to 40% of treated patients often lead to dose limitation or treatment discontinuation. Because the oral bioavailability of 5-FU is unpredictable and highly variable, 5-FU is commonly administered intravenously. To overcome medical complications and inconvenience associated with intravenous administration, the oral prodrugs capecitabine and tegafur have been developed. Both fluoropyrimidines are metabolically converted intracellularly to 5-FU, which then needs metabolic activation to exert its damaging activity on RNA and DNA. The low response rates of 10-15% of 5-FU monotherapy can be improved by combination regimens of infusional 5-FU and leucovorin together with oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) or irinotecan (FOLFIRI), thereby increasing response rates to 30-40%. The impact of metabolizing enzymes in the development of fluoropyrimidine toxicity and resistance has been studied in great detail. In addition, membrane drug transporters, which are critical determinants of intracellular drug concentrations, may play a role in occurrence of toxicity and development of resistance against fluoropyrimidine-based therapy as well. This review therefore summarizes current knowledge on the role of drug transporters with particular focus on ATP-binding cassette transporters in fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy response.
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Begg CB, Seshan VE, Zabor EC, Furberg H, Arora A, Shen R, Maranchie JK, Nielsen ME, Rathmell WK, Signoretti S, Tamboli P, Karam JA, Choueiri TK, Hakimi AA, Hsieh JJ. Genomic investigation of etiologic heterogeneity: methodologic challenges. BMC Med Res Methodol 2014; 14:138. [PMID: 25532962 PMCID: PMC4292824 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2288-14-138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The etiologic heterogeneity of cancer has traditionally been investigated by comparing risk factor frequencies within candidate sub-types, defined for example by histology or by distinct tumor markers of interest. Increasingly tumors are being profiled for molecular features much more extensively. This greatly expands the opportunities for defining distinct sub-types. In this article we describe an exploratory analysis of the etiologic heterogeneity of clear cell kidney cancer. Data are available on the primary known risk factors for kidney cancer, while the tumors are characterized on a genome-wide basis using expression, methylation, copy number and mutational profiles. Methods We use a novel clustering strategy to identify sub-types. This is accomplished independently for the expression, methylation and copy number profiles. The goals are to identify tumor sub-types that are etiologically distinct, to identify the risk factors that define specific sub-types, and to endeavor to characterize the key genes that appear to represent the principal features of the distinct sub-types. Results The analysis reveals strong evidence that gender represents an important factor that distinguishes disease sub-types. The sub-types defined using expression data and methylation data demonstrate considerable congruence and are also clearly correlated with mutations in important cancer genes. These sub-types are also strongly correlated with survival. The complexity of the data presents many analytical challenges including, prominently, the risk of false discovery. Conclusions Genomic profiling of tumors offers the opportunity to identify etiologically distinct sub-types, paving the way for a more refined understanding of cancer etiology. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2288-14-138) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin B Begg
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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Zandvliet M, Teske E, Schrickx J. Multi-drug resistance in a canine lymphoid cell line due to increased P-glycoprotein expression, a potential model for drug-resistant canine lymphoma. Toxicol In Vitro 2014; 28:1498-506. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2014.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Prediction of individual response to anticancer therapy: historical and future perspectives. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 72:729-57. [PMID: 25387856 PMCID: PMC4309902 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1772-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2012] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Since the introduction of chemotherapy for cancer treatment in the early 20th century considerable efforts have been made to maximize drug efficiency and at the same time minimize side effects. As there is a great interpatient variability in response to chemotherapy, the development of predictive biomarkers is an ambitious aim for the rapidly growing research area of personalized molecular medicine. The individual prediction of response will improve treatment and thus increase survival and life quality of patients. In the past, cell cultures were used as in vitro models to predict in vivo response to chemotherapy. Several in vitro chemosensitivity assays served as tools to measure miscellaneous endpoints such as DNA damage, apoptosis and cytotoxicity or growth inhibition. Twenty years ago, the development of high-throughput technologies, e.g. cDNA microarrays enabled a more detailed analysis of drug responses. Thousands of genes were screened and expression levels were correlated to drug responses. In addition, mutation analysis became more and more important for the prediction of therapeutic success. Today, as research enters the area of -omics technologies, identification of signaling pathways is a tool to understand molecular mechanism underlying drug resistance. Combining new tissue models, e.g. 3D organoid cultures with modern technologies for biomarker discovery will offer new opportunities to identify new drug targets and in parallel predict individual responses to anticancer therapy. In this review, we present different currently used chemosensitivity assays including 2D and 3D cell culture models and several -omics approaches for the discovery of predictive biomarkers. Furthermore, we discuss the potential of these assays and biomarkers to predict the clinical outcome of individual patients and future perspectives.
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MicroRNA-21 regulates the sensitivity to cisplatin in a human osteosarcoma cell line. Ir J Med Sci 2014; 185:85-91. [PMID: 25381586 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-014-1225-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have shown that microRNA-21 (miR-21) is overexpressed in solid tumors and implicated in the modulation of drug-induced resistance. METHODS In this study, we investigated the anti-tumor effects of miR-21 on the sensitivity of osteosarcoma cells to CDDP. RESULTS Changes in the sensitivity of osteosarcoma cells to CDDP were examined after transfection with miR-21 mimics or anti-miR-21 or bcl-2 siRNA in combination with CDDP. Osteosarcoma cells transfected with miR-21 mimics were significantly resistant to CDDP, while suppression of miR-21 in osteosarcoma cells led to enhanced CDDP cytotoxicity. Moreover, the miR-21-induced changes in chemoresponse were ameliorated by down-regulation of bcl-2 by its siRNA. CONCLUSION The miR-21 in osteosarcoma cells is a significant modulator of the anti-tumor effect of CDDP by regulating the expression of bcl-2, and the study reveals a novel mechanism of osteosarcoma drug resistance.
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Kell DB, Oliver SG. How drugs get into cells: tested and testable predictions to help discriminate between transporter-mediated uptake and lipoidal bilayer diffusion. Front Pharmacol 2014; 5:231. [PMID: 25400580 PMCID: PMC4215795 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2014.00231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
One approach to experimental science involves creating hypotheses, then testing them by varying one or more independent variables, and assessing the effects of this variation on the processes of interest. We use this strategy to compare the intellectual status and available evidence for two models or views of mechanisms of transmembrane drug transport into intact biological cells. One (BDII) asserts that lipoidal phospholipid Bilayer Diffusion Is Important, while a second (PBIN) proposes that in normal intact cells Phospholipid Bilayer diffusion Is Negligible (i.e., may be neglected quantitatively), because evolution selected against it, and with transmembrane drug transport being effected by genetically encoded proteinaceous carriers or pores, whose “natural” biological roles, and substrates are based in intermediary metabolism. Despite a recent review elsewhere, we can find no evidence able to support BDII as we can find no experiments in intact cells in which phospholipid bilayer diffusion was either varied independently or measured directly (although there are many papers where it was inferred by seeing a covariation of other dependent variables). By contrast, we find an abundance of evidence showing cases in which changes in the activities of named and genetically identified transporters led to measurable changes in the rate or extent of drug uptake. PBIN also has considerable predictive power, and accounts readily for the large differences in drug uptake between tissues, cells and species, in accounting for the metabolite-likeness of marketed drugs, in pharmacogenomics, and in providing a straightforward explanation for the late-stage appearance of toxicity and of lack of efficacy during drug discovery programmes despite macroscopically adequate pharmacokinetics. Consequently, the view that Phospholipid Bilayer diffusion Is Negligible (PBIN) provides a starting hypothesis for assessing cellular drug uptake that is much better supported by the available evidence, and is both more productive and more predictive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas B Kell
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester Manchester, UK ; Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester Manchester, UK
| | - Stephen G Oliver
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge Cambridge, UK ; Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge Cambridge, UK
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Keniya MV, Holmes AR, Niimi M, Lamping E, Gillet JP, Gottesman MM, Cannon RD. Drug resistance is conferred on the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae by expression of full-length melanoma-associated human ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCB5. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:3452-62. [PMID: 25115303 PMCID: PMC4186680 DOI: 10.1021/mp500230b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
ABCB5, an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter, is highly expressed in melanoma cells, and may contribute to the extreme resistance of melanomas to chemotherapy by efflux of anti-cancer drugs. Our goal was to determine whether we could functionally express human ABCB5 in the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in order to demonstrate an efflux function for ABCB5 in the absence of background pump activity from other human transporters. Heterologous expression would also facilitate drug discovery for this important target. DNAs encoding ABCB5 sequences were cloned into the chromosomal PDR5 locus of a S. cerevisiae strain in which seven endogenous ABC transporters have been deleted. Protein expression in the yeast cells was monitored by immunodetection using both a specific anti-ABCB5 antibody and a cross-reactive anti-ABCB1 antibody. ABCB5 function in recombinant yeast cells was measured by determining whether the cells possessed increased resistance to known pump substrates, compared to the host yeast strain, in assays of yeast growth. Three ABCB5 constructs were made in yeast. One was derived from the ABCB5-β mRNA, which is highly expressed in human tissues but is a truncation of a canonical full-size ABC transporter. Two constructs contained full-length ABCB5 sequences: either a native sequence from cDNA or a synthetic sequence codon-harmonized for S. cerevisiae. Expression of all three constructs in yeast was confirmed by immunodetection. Expression of the codon-harmonized full-length ABCB5 DNA conferred increased resistance, relative to the host yeast strain, to the putative substrates rhodamine 123, daunorubicin, tetramethylrhodamine, FK506, or clorgyline. We conclude that full-length ABCB5 can be functionally expressed in S. cerevisiae and confers drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail V Keniya
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute and Department of Oral Sciences, University of Otago , P.O. Box 647, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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Donahue TR, Nguyen AH, Moughan J, Li L, Tatishchev S, Toste P, Farrell JJ. Stromal microRNA-21 levels predict response to 5-fluorouracil in patients with pancreatic cancer. J Surg Oncol 2014; 110:952-9. [PMID: 25132574 DOI: 10.1002/jso.23750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) is upregulated and inversely associated with survival in many cancer types, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). We studied the predictive value of miR-21 levels for gemcitabine or 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) response in tumor cells (TCs) or cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in a cohort of PDAC patients from the RTOG 9704 trial. METHODS MiR-21 expression in CAFs and TCs, determined by in situ hybridization, of the 229 PDAC subset from RTOG 9704 was correlated with (i) histopathology characteristics using a chi-square test; and (ii) patient overall survival (OS) using the Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS MiR-21 was strongly expressed in TCs and CAFs in 137/182 (75%) and 152/181 (84%) PDACs, respectively. MiR-21 expression in CAFs for the group given 5-FU for OS: (i) approached significance in a univariate analysis (hazard ratio [HR], 1.57; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.95-2.57; P = 0.07); and (ii) was significant in the multivariate model (HR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.03-2.82; P = 0.038). CONCLUSIONS MiR-21 expression in CAFs was associated with decreased OS in PDAC patients who received 5-FU, but not gemcitabine. These findings begin to identify stromal miR-21 as a marker to guide chemotherapy choice in PDAC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy R Donahue
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California; Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
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Bruni L, Babarinde AA, Ortalli I, Croci S. K-D:rib dampens Hs 578T cancer cell chemoinvasion and proliferation. Cancer Cell Int 2014; 14:77. [PMID: 25788860 PMCID: PMC4364041 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-014-0077-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer cells, even in the presence of available oxygen, have a glycolysis enhancement. The “aerobic glycolysis” is known as the Warburg effect and it is considered one of the fundamental hallmarks of metabolic alteration during malignant transformation. A feature of many tumors is also a change into ions equilibrium, with particular reference to K+ intracellular concentration. Another hallmark in cancer is the reprogrammed chemotaxis pathways in favour of tumor cell dissemination. Results The doubling population time of 5 mM K:D-rib treated Hs 578T (HTB-126 ® ATCC) cell line is reduce by 30% respect to the control. During the chemotactic invasion assay, the relative number of motile and invasive cells, counted inside the FBS-AGAR spot, shows a decrease with the maintenance of the treatment reaching the 25% after nine days. Hs 578Bst (HTB-125 ® ATCC) non-tumor cell line treated for nineteen days with 5 mM K:D-rib was split twice as well as the control. No morphological change was visible in the treated respect to untreated cells. Conclusions We demonstrate that the synergic action of potassium bicarbonate and D-ribose has effect on Hs 578T cancer cell line proliferation reducing the cell cycle time. At 5 mM concentration, K:D-rib is able to modify the tumorigenic potential of human breast cancer cell line Hs 578T, interfering in vitro with the capability of Hs 578 T cell line to migrate under chemotactic stimuli. Despite this, K:D-rib solution, does not exhibit any appreciable toxicity as confirmed by the proliferation assay accomplished on Hs 578Bst cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Bruni
- Neuroscience Department, Biophysics and Medical Physic Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy ; Valsè Pantellini Foundation, Calle Cervantes, 16/4 izda, Oviedo, Asturia, Spain ; INBB National Institute of Biosystems and Biostructures, Rome, Italy
| | - Adesola A Babarinde
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Ida Ortalli
- INBB National Institute of Biosystems and Biostructures, Rome, Italy
| | - Simonetta Croci
- Neuroscience Department, Biophysics and Medical Physic Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy ; INBB National Institute of Biosystems and Biostructures, Rome, Italy
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81
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The mechanistic role of DNA methylation in myeloid leukemogenesis. Leukemia 2014; 28:1765-73. [PMID: 24913729 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2014.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The importance of epigenetic aberrations in the pathogenesis of leukemias has been revealed by recurrent gene mutations that highlight epigenetic pathways as well as by the clinical success of therapies like 5-azacytidine and decitabine that work through epigenetic mechanisms. However, precise mechanisms of how gene mutations lead to leukemias and how epigenetic therapies induce clinical remissions are elusive. Current scientific inquiries that take advantage of techniques that can distinguish among the various covalent cytosine modifications at single base resolution are likely to shed light on the ways epigenetic pathways drive leukemogenesis as well as how the hypomethylating drugs induce clinical remissions. The hope is that these studies will also reveal which patients are likely to respond to epigenetic therapies. Thus, the future is likely to bring a new wave of diagnostic and prognostic tools that probe the epigenomics of leukemia to help clinicians in their management of patients.
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Farawela HM, Khorshied MM, Kassem NM, Kassem HA, Zawam HM. The clinical relevance and prognostic significance of adenosine triphosphate ATP-binding cassette (ABCB5) and multidrug resistance (MDR1) genes expression in acute leukemia: an Egyptian study. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2014; 140:1323-30. [PMID: 24804815 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-014-1694-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM Multidrug resistance (MDR1) represents a major obstacle in the chemotherapeutic treatment of acute leukemia (AL). Adenosine triphosphate ATP-binding cassette (ABCB5) and MDR1 genes are integral membrane proteins belonging to ATP-binding cassette transporters superfamily. PURPOSE The present work aimed to investigate the impact of ABCB5 and MDR1 genes expression on the response to chemotherapy in a cohort of Egyptian AL patients. The study included 90 patients: 53 AML cases and 37 ALL cases in addition to 20 healthy volunteers as controls. METHODS Quantitative assessment of MDR1 and ABCB5 genes expression was performed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Additional prognostic molecular markers were determined as internal tandem duplications of the FLT3 gene (FLT3-ITD) and nucleophosmin gene mutation (NPM1) for AML cases, and mbcr-abl fusion transcript for B-ALL cases. RESULTS In AML patients, ABCB5 and MDR1 expression levels did not differ significantly between de novo and relapsed cases and did not correlate with the overall survival or disease-free survival. AML patients were stratified according to the studied genetic markers, and complete remission rate was found to be more prominent in patients having low expression of MDR1 and ABCB5 genes together with mutated NPM1 gene. In ALL patients, ABCB5 gene expression level was significantly higher in relapsed cases and MDR1 gene expression was significantly higher in patients with resistant disease. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the results obtained by the current study provide additional evidence of the role played by these genes as predictive factors for resistance of leukemic cells to chemotherapy and hence treatment outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala M Farawela
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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83
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Farrokhi V, McShane AJ, Nemati R, Yao X. Stable isotope dilution mass spectrometry for membrane transporter quantitation. AAPS JOURNAL 2014; 15:1222-31. [PMID: 24022320 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-013-9529-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This review provides an introduction to stable isotope dilution mass spectrometry (MS) and its emerging applications in the analysis of membrane transporter proteins. Various approaches and application examples, for the generation and use of quantitation reference standards—either stable isotope-labeled peptides or proteins—are discussed as they apply to the MS quantitation of membrane proteins. Technological considerations for the sample preparation of membrane transporter proteins are also presented.
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84
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Song L, Li Y, Li W, Wu S, Li Z. miR-495 Enhances the Sensitivity of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells to Platinum by Modulation of Copper-Transporting P-type Adenosine Triphosphatase A (ATP7A). J Cell Biochem 2014; 115:1234-42. [PMID: 24038379 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Song
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an 710032 China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xijing Hospital; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an 710032 China
| | - Weina Li
- Department of the Biotechnology Center; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an 710032 China
| | - Shouzhen Wu
- Department of the Biotechnology Center; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an 710032 China
| | - Zhikui Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an 710032 China
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Vijaya Kumar A, Salem Gassar E, Spillmann D, Stock C, Sen YP, Zhang T, Van Kuppevelt TH, Hülsewig C, Koszlowski EO, Pavao MS, Ibrahim SA, Poeter M, Rescher U, Kiesel L, Koduru S, Yip GW, Götte M. HS3ST2
modulates breast cancer cell invasiveness via MAP kinase- and Tcf4 (Tcf7l2)-dependent regulation of protease and cadherin expression. Int J Cancer 2014; 135:2579-92. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 03/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Archana Vijaya Kumar
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics; Münster University Hospital; Münster Germany
| | - Ezeddin Salem Gassar
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics; Münster University Hospital; Münster Germany
- Department of Physiology; Faculty of Medicine; Benghazi University; Libya
| | - Dorothe Spillmann
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology; The Biomedical Center, Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - Christian Stock
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster; Münster Germany
| | - Yin-Ping Sen
- Department of Anatomy; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; Singapore
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Anatomy; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; Singapore
| | - Toin H. Van Kuppevelt
- Department of Biochemistry; NCMLS; Radboud University Medical Centre; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Carolin Hülsewig
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics; Münster University Hospital; Münster Germany
| | | | - Mauro S.G. Pavao
- Instituto de Bioquimica Medica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Brazil
| | - Sherif A. Ibrahim
- Department of Zoology; Faculty of Science; Cairo University; Giza Egypt
| | - Michaela Poeter
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster; Münster Germany
| | - Ursula Rescher
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster; Münster Germany
| | - Ludwig Kiesel
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics; Münster University Hospital; Münster Germany
| | - Suresh Koduru
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Hyderabad; Hyderabad India
| | - George W. Yip
- Department of Anatomy; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; Singapore
| | - Martin Götte
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics; Münster University Hospital; Münster Germany
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Wan Y, Apostolou S, Dronov R, Kuss B, Voelcker NH. Cancer-targeting siRNA delivery from porous silicon nanoparticles. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2014; 9:2309-21. [PMID: 24593001 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.14.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Porous silicon nanoparticles (pSiNPs) with tunable pore size are biocompatible and biodegradable, suggesting that they are suitable biomaterials as vehicles for drug delivery. Loading of small interfering RNA (siRNA) into the pores of pSiNPs can protect siRNA from degradation as well as improve the cellular uptake. We aimed to deliver MRP1 siRNA loaded into pSiNPs to glioblastoma cells, and to demonstrate downregulation of MRP1 at the mRNA and protein levels. METHODS 50-220 nm pSiNPs with an average pore size of 26 nm were prepared, followed by electrostatic adsorption of siRNA into pores. Oligonucleotide loading and release profiles were investigated; MRP1 mRNA and protein expression, cell viability and cell apoptosis were studied. RESULTS Approximately 7.7 µg of siRNA was loaded per mg of pSiNPs. Cells readily took up nanoparticles after 30 min incubation. siRNA-loaded pSiNPs were able to effectively downregulate target mRNA (~40%) and protein expression (31%), and induced cell apoptosis and necrosis (33%). CONCLUSION siRNA loaded pSiNPs downregulated mRNA and protein expression and induced cell death. This novel siRNA delivery system may pave the way towards developing more effective tumor therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wan
- Mawson Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia
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Hoffman NE, Chandramoorthy HC, Shanmughapriya S, Zhang XQ, Vallem S, Doonan PJ, Malliankaraman K, Guo S, Rajan S, Elrod JW, Koch WJ, Cheung JY, Madesh M. SLC25A23 augments mitochondrial Ca²⁺ uptake, interacts with MCU, and induces oxidative stress-mediated cell death. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 25:936-47. [PMID: 24430870 PMCID: PMC3952861 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e13-08-0502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging findings suggest that two lineages of mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake participate during active and resting states: 1) the major eukaryotic membrane potential-dependent mitochondrial Ca(2+) uniporter and 2) the evolutionarily conserved exchangers and solute carriers, which are also involved in ion transport. Although the influx of Ca(2+) across the inner mitochondrial membrane maintains metabolic functions and cell death signal transduction, the mechanisms that regulate mitochondrial Ca(2+) accumulation are unclear. Solute carriers--solute carrier 25A23 (SLC25A23), SLC25A24, and SLC25A25--represent a family of EF-hand-containing mitochondrial proteins that transport Mg-ATP/Pi across the inner membrane. RNA interference-mediated knockdown of SLC25A23 but not SLC25A24 and SLC25A25 decreases mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake and reduces cytosolic Ca(2+) clearance after histamine stimulation. Ectopic expression of SLC25A23 EF-hand-domain mutants exhibits a dominant-negative phenotype of reduced mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake. In addition, SLC25A23 interacts with mitochondrial Ca(2+) uniporter (MCU; CCDC109A) and MICU1 (CBARA1) while also increasing IMCU. In addition, SLC25A23 knockdown lowers basal mROS accumulation, attenuates oxidant-induced ATP decline, and reduces cell death. Further, reconstitution with short hairpin RNA-insensitive SLC25A23 cDNA restores mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake and superoxide production. These findings indicate that SLC25A23 plays an important role in mitochondrial matrix Ca(2+) influx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas E Hoffman
- Department of Biochemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140 Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140
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Gillet JP, de Longueville F, Remacle J. DualChip®microarray as a new tool in cancer research. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2014; 6:295-306. [PMID: 16706734 DOI: 10.1586/14737159.6.3.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Over the last 5 years, the emergence of gene expression profiling using high-density DNA microarrays led to a better understanding of tumor development and identified new prognostic markers. However, high-density microarrays failed to leap from the researcher's bench to the clinical practice due to their cost, data management and lack of standardization. DualChip low-density DNA microarrays were developed as a new flexible tool that is able to reliably quantify the expression of a limited number of genes of clinical relevance. This review will illustrate how DualChip technology can be applied to tumor diagnosis and tumor-acquired drug resistance.
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Schuierer MM, Langmann T. Molecular diagnosis of ATP-binding cassette transporter-related diseases. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2014; 5:755-67. [PMID: 16149878 DOI: 10.1586/14737159.5.5.755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are involved in a variety of physiologic processes such as xenobiotic defense, lipid metabolism, ion homeostasis and immune functions. A large number of ABC proteins have been causatively linked to rare and common human genetic diseases including familial high-density lipoprotein deficiency, retinopathies, cystic fibrosis, diabetes and cardiomyopathies. Furthermore, genetic variations in ABC transporter genes and dysregulated expression patterns of these molecules significantly contribute to drug resistance in human cancer cells and alter the pharmacokinetic properties of a variety of drugs. In order to analyze DNA sequence alterations or define disease-associated mRNA expression patterns of the complete ABC transporter superfamily, novel high-throughput molecular methods such as quantitative real-time PCR and DNA microarray analysis are emerging. The aim of this review is to provide an overview and to present some examples of human ABC transporters involved in monogenic diseases, cancer and pharmacogenetics. Methodologic aspects of molecular diagnostics applied to analyze genetic variations, mRNA and protein expression levels and functional characteristics of ABC transporters are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion M Schuierer
- University of Regensburg, Institute of Pathology, Franz-Josef-Strauss Allee 11, D-93053, Germany.
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90
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Lee N, Barthel SR, Schatton T. Melanoma stem cells and metastasis: mimicking hematopoietic cell trafficking? J Transl Med 2014; 94:13-30. [PMID: 24126889 PMCID: PMC3941309 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2013.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is a highly metastatic cancer that bears responsibility for the majority of skin cancer-related deaths. Amidst the research efforts to better understand melanoma progression, there has been increasing evidence that hints at a role for a subpopulation of virulent cancer cells, termed malignant melanoma stem or initiating cells (MMICs), in metastasis formation. MMICs are characterized by their preferential ability to initiate and propagate tumor growth and their selective capacity for self-renewal and differentiation into less tumorigenic melanoma cells. The frequency of MMICs has been shown to correlate with poor clinical prognosis in melanoma. In addition, MMICs are enriched among circulating tumor cells in the peripheral blood of cancer patients, suggesting that MMICs may be a critical factor in the metastatic cascade. Although these links exist between MMICs and metastatic disease, the mechanisms by which MMICs may advance metastatic progression are only beginning to be elucidated. Recent studies have shown that MMICs express molecules critical for hematopoietic cell maintenance and trafficking, providing a possible explanation for how circulating MMICs could drive melanoma dissemination. We therefore propose that MMICs might fuel melanoma metastasis by exploiting homing mechanisms commonly utilized by hematopoietic cells. Here we review the biological properties of MMICs and the existing literature on their metastatic potential. We will discuss possible mechanisms by which MMICs might initiate metastases in the context of established knowledge of cancer stem cells in other cancers and of hematopoietic homing molecules, with a particular focus on selectins, integrins, chemokines and chemokine receptors known to be expressed by melanoma cells. Biological understanding of how these molecules might be utilized by MMICs to propel the metastatic cascade could critically impact the development of more effective therapies for advanced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayoung Lee
- Harvard Skin Disease Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steven R. Barthel
- Harvard Skin Disease Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tobias Schatton
- Harvard Skin Disease Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Transplantation Research Center, Children’s Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,To whom correspondence should be addressed: Tobias Schatton, Pharm.D., Ph.D., Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Rm. 673B, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
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91
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Peetla C, Vijayaraghavalu S, Labhasetwar V. Biophysics of cell membrane lipids in cancer drug resistance: Implications for drug transport and drug delivery with nanoparticles. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:1686-98. [PMID: 24055719 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2013] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we focus on the biophysics of cell membrane lipids, particularly when cancers develop acquired drug resistance, and how biophysical changes in resistant cell membrane influence drug transport and nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery. Recent advances in membrane lipid research show the varied roles of lipids in regulating membrane P-glycoprotein function, membrane trafficking, apoptotic pathways, drug transport, and endocytic functions, particularly endocytosis, the primary mechanism of cellular uptake of nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems. Since acquired drug resistance alters lipid biosynthesis, understanding the role of lipids in cell membrane biophysics and its effect on drug transport is critical for developing effective therapeutic and drug delivery approaches to overcome drug resistance. Here we discuss novel strategies for (a) modulating the biophysical properties of membrane lipids of resistant cells to facilitate drug transport and regain endocytic function and (b) developing effective nanoparticles based on their biophysical interactions with membrane lipids to enhance drug delivery and overcome drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiranjeevi Peetla
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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92
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Murphy GF, Wilson BJ, Girouard SD, Frank NY, Frank MH. Stem cells and targeted approaches to melanoma cure. Mol Aspects Med 2013; 39:33-49. [PMID: 24145241 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma stem cells, also known as malignant melanoma-initiating cells, are identifiable through expression of specific biomarkers such as ABCB5 (ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP), member 5), NGFR (nerve growth factor receptor, CD271) and ALDH (aldehyde dehydrogenase), and drive melanoma initiation and progression based on prolonged self-renewal capacity, vasculogenic differentiation and immune evasion. As we will review here, specific roles of these aggressive subpopulations have been documented in tumorigenic growth, metastatic dissemination, therapeutic resistance, and malignant recurrence. Moreover, recent findings have provided pre-clinical proof-of-concept for the potential therapeutic utility of the melanoma stem cell concept. Therefore, melanoma stem cell-directed therapeutic approaches represent promising novel strategies to improve therapy of this arguably most virulent human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- George F Murphy
- Department of Pathology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Brian J Wilson
- Transplantation Research Center, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Dermatology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sasha D Girouard
- Dermatology Residency Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Natasha Y Frank
- Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Markus H Frank
- Transplantation Research Center, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Dermatology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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93
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Expression of mRNA transcripts encoding membrane transporters detected with whole transcriptome sequencing of human brain and liver. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2013; 23:269-78. [PMID: 23492907 DOI: 10.1097/fpc.0b013e32835ff536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Membrane transporters control the influx and efflux of endogenous and xenobiotic substrates, including nutrients and drugs, across cellular membranes. OBJECTIVE Whole transcriptome sequencing enables simultaneous analysis of overall and allele-specific mRNA expression, and the detection of multiple RNA isoforms. METHODS Here we characterize variation in RNA transcripts emanating from gene loci encoding transporters based on RNAseq data from 10 human brains (including cocaine overdose and normal brain tissues) and 12 normal livers. RESULTS mRNA expression was detected in 65% of transporter genes in either tissue, with many genes generating multiple mRNA transcripts. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms within transporters with previous evidence for pharmacogenomics impact were detected. We also identified noncoding RNAs in the vicinity of transporter genes with potential regulatory functions. CONCLUSION The results obtained with RNAseq provide detailed information on transporter mRNA expression at the molecular level, affording new avenues for the study of membrane transport, with relevance to drug efficacy and toxicity.
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94
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Lin JY, Zhang M, Schatton T, Wilson BJ, Alloo A, Ma J, Qureshi AA, Frank NY, Han J, Frank MH. Genetically determined ABCB5 functionality correlates with pigmentation phenotype and melanoma risk. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 436:536-42. [PMID: 23770371 PMCID: PMC3756469 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
ABCB5 is a multidrug resistance (MDR) member of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) superfamily of active transporters and represents a marker for chemoresistant malignant melanoma-initiating cells. ABCB5 expression is closely linked to tumorigenicity and progression of diverse human malignancies, including melanoma, and is functionally required for tumor growth. Here, we genotyped 585 melanoma cases and 605 age-matched controls for 44 ABCB5 tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to span a region covering 108.2kb of the gene on the 7p21.1 locus. We identified three SNPs that were associated with decreased melanoma risk in additive models: rs10231520 (OR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.70-0.98), rs17817117 (OR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.68-0.98), and rs2301641 (OR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.69-0.98). Additionally, the rs2301641 SNP was associated with non-red compared to red hair color (OR: 0.38, 95% CI: 0.14-1.03) in controls. Twelve human melanoma cell lines were genotyped for the rs2301641 SNP, which encodes a non-synonymous ABCB5 amino acid change (K115E). Functional studies revealed that the E form associated with lower melanoma risk correlated significantly with decreased ABCB5 transport capacity (P<0.01) and increased melanin production (P<0.05). Our results identify novel associations of the ABCB5 K115E polymorphism with human pigmentation phenotype and melanoma risk and point to potential functional roles of ABCB5 in melanomagenesis. Moreover, they provide a first example that functional variation in a prospective cancer stem cell marker can be associated with disease risk for the corresponding malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Y Lin
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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95
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Lancaster CS, Sprowl JA, Walker AL, Hu S, Gibson AA, Sparreboom A. Modulation of OATP1B-type transporter function alters cellular uptake and disposition of platinum chemotherapeutics. Mol Cancer Ther 2013; 12:1537-44. [PMID: 23757163 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-12-0926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Expression of the human organic anion transporting polypeptides OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 has been previously believed to be restricted to hepatocytes. Here we show that the gene encoding OATP1B3, but not OATP1B1, is abundantly expressed in multiple human solid tumors that include hepatocellular, lung, and ovarian carcinomas. Surprisingly, OATP1B3 gene expression in a panel of 60 human tumor cell lines was linked with sensitivity to multiple cytotoxic agents, including the platinum anticancer drugs cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin. In addition, overexpression of OATP1B3 in mammalian cells increased cellular accumulation of platinum agents and decreased cell survival. In mice with a targeted disruption of the ortholog transporter Oatp1b2, the liver-to-plasma ratio of cisplatin was significantly reduced compared with wild-type mice, without concurrent changes in expression profiles of other transporter genes. Our findings indicate an unexpected role for tumoral and host OATP1B-type carriers in the toxicity and disposition of platinum anticancer drugs, and may provide a foundation for understanding the extensive interindividual pharmacodynamic variability seen with these drugs in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia S Lancaster
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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96
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Herbal Compound "Songyou Yin" Renders Hepatocellular Carcinoma Sensitive to Oxaliplatin through Inhibition of Stemness. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:908601. [PMID: 23326293 PMCID: PMC3541605 DOI: 10.1155/2012/908601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of Chinese herbal compound Song-you Yin on HCC stemness. MHCC97H and Hep3B cell lines were pretreated with SYY for 4 weeks, and their chemosensitivity to oxaliplatin was evaluated. The expression of CSC-related markers, cell invasion and migration, and colony formation were also examined. SYY-treated orthotopic nude mouse models of human HCC were developed to explore the effect of oxaliplatin on tumor growth, metastasis, and survival. The CSC-related molecular changes in vivo were also evaluated. The result showed that MHCC97H and Hep3B cells pretreated with SYY showed significantly increased chemosensitivity to oxaliplatin and the downregulation of CSC-related markers CD90, CD24, and EPCAM. SYY also attenuated cell motility, invasion, and colony formation in MHCC97H and Hep3B cell lines. The reduced tumorigenicity and pulmonary metastasis were observed in SYY-pretreated cell lines. Combination treatment with oxaliplatin and SYY significantly reduced tumor volume and pulmonary metastasis and prolonged survival compared with oxaliplatin treatment alone. Immunohistochemical analysis showed reduced expression of CD90, ABCG2, ALDH, CD44, EPCAM, vimentin, and MMP-9 and increased the expression of E-cadherin, in HCC cells following combination treatment. These data clearly demonstrate that SYY renders hepatocellular carcinoma sensitive to oxaliplatin through the inhibition of stemness.
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97
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Peng B, Gu Y, Xiong Y, Zheng G, He Z. Microarray-assisted pathway analysis identifies MT1X & NFκB as mediators of TCRP1-associated resistance to cisplatin in oral squamous cell carcinoma. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51413. [PMID: 23251525 PMCID: PMC3519677 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently reported that TCRP1, a novel multidrug-resistance associated human gene, can mediate cisplatin resistance in OSCC cells. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this role of TCRP1 remained to be elucidated. In this study, by using Human Toxicology and Drug Resistance Microarray, we identified 30 genes with significantly different expression levels between Tca/PYM and TCRP1 knockdown cell lines. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments and GST-pull down assays showed that metallothionein1X (MT1X) and Akt interact with TCRP1. siRNA-mediated knockdown of TCRP1 and MT1X was found to sensitize cells to cisplatin, leading to increased apoptosis and inhibition of cell proliferation. These functions of TCRP1 may be caused at least in part via activation of the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway. Taken together, our findings indicate that TCRP1 may be an important drug target for improvement of the treatment and survival of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Peng
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Cancer Research Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yixue Gu
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Cancer Research Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Xiong
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guopei Zheng
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Cancer Research Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhimin He
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Cancer Research Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- * E-mail:
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98
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Sancho-Martínez SM, Prieto-García L, Prieto M, López-Novoa JM, López-Hernández FJ. Subcellular targets of cisplatin cytotoxicity: An integrated view. Pharmacol Ther 2012; 136:35-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2012.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Creixell M, Peppas NA. Co-delivery of siRNA and therapeutic agents using nanocarriers to overcome cancer resistance. NANO TODAY 2012; 7:367-379. [PMID: 26257819 PMCID: PMC4527553 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2012.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
There are two main mechanisms by which cells become multidrug resistant (MDR): by increasing drug efflux pumps on the cell membrane and by increasing anti-apoptotic pathways. The use of nanotechnology to develop nanodelivery systems has allowed researchers to overcome limitations of antineoplastic drugs by increasing the solubility of the drug and decreasing the toxicity to healthy tissues. By encapsulating drugs into nanoparticles that bypass the efflux pumps, drug efflux is reduced, hence increasing the intracellular concentration of the drug. siRNA has the ability to disrupt cellular pathways by knocking down genes, opening the door to down regulating anti-apoptotic pathways. The use of nanocarriers to deliver siRNA, prevents both renal clearance and RNase degradation by protecting siRNA chains, increasing their half life in blood. It has been suggested that co-delivering drugs and siRNA together in the same delivery system would be more effective in overcoming resistance of cancer cells than co-treatment of cancer cells with delivery systems carrying either siRNA or drugs. In this study we discuss the progress of nanoscale co-delivery systems in overcoming multidrug cancer resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar Creixell
- Department of Chemical Engineering, C0400, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Nicholas A. Peppas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, C0400, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, C0800, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- College of Pharmacy, C0400, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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Damaraju VL, Mowles D, Yao S, Ng A, Young JD, Cass CE, Tong Z. Role of human nucleoside transporters in the uptake and cytotoxicity of azacitidine and decitabine. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2012; 31:236-55. [PMID: 22356238 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2011.652330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The nucleoside analogs 5-azacytidine (azacitidine) and 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (decitabine) are active against acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes. Cellular transport across membranes is crucial for uptake of these highly polar hydrophilic molecules. We assessed the ability of azacitidine, decitabine, and, for comparison, gemcitabine, to interact with human nucleoside transporters (hNTs) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells (hENT1/2, hCNT1/2/3) or Xenopus laevis oocytes (hENT3/4). All three drugs inhibited hCNT1/3 potently (K (i) values, 3-26 μM), hENT1/2 and hCNT2 weakly (K (i) values, 0.5-3.1 mM), and hENT3/4 poorly if at all. Rates of transport of [(3)H]gemcitabine, [(14)C]azacitidine, and [(3)H]decitabine observed in Xenopus oocytes expressing individual recombinant hNTs differed substantially. Cytotoxicity of azacitidine and decitabine was assessed in hNT-expressing or hNT-deficient cultured human cell lines in the absence or presence of transport inhibitors where available. The rank order of cytotoxic sensitivities (IC (50) values, μM) conferred by hNTs were hCNT1 (0.1) > hENT1 (0.3) ≫ hCNT2 (8.3), hENT2 (9.0) for azacitidine and hENT1 (0.3) > hCNT1 (0.8) ⋙ hENT2, hCNT2 (>100) for decitabine. Protection against cytotoxicity was observed for both drugs in the presence of inhibitors of nucleoside transport, thus suggesting the importance of hNTs in manifestation of toxicity. In summary, all seven hNTs transported azacitidine, with hCNT3 showing the highest rates, whereas hENT1 and hENT2 showed modest transport and hCNT1 and hCNT3 poor transport of decitabine. Our results show for the first time that azacitidine and decitabine exhibit different human nucleoside transportability profiles and their cytotoxicities are dependent on the presence of hNTs, which could serve as potential biomarkers of clinical response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijaya L Damaraju
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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