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Zhang J, Li S, Shang Z, Lin S, Gao P, Zhang Y, Hou S, Mo S, Cao W, Dong Z, Hu T, Chen P. Targeting the overexpressed ROC1 induces G2 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in esophageal cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 8:29125-29137. [PMID: 28418860 PMCID: PMC5438718 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent reports showed that regulator of Cullins-1 (ROC1) play an important role in tumor progression in a tumor-specific manner. However, the role and mechanism of ROC1 in esophageal cancer remains elusive. Here we demonstrated that ROC1 was overexpressed in esophageal squamous cell carcinomas, which was positive associated with poor prognosis of esophageal cancer patients. ROC1 knockdown significantly inhibited the growth of esophageal cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, ROC1 silencing induced G2 cell cycle arrest and triggered apoptosis by accumulating the pro-apoptotic protein NOXA. Consistently, the downregulation of NOXA expression via siRNA substantially attenuated apoptosis induced by ROC1 silencing. These findings suggest that ROC1 is an appealing drug target for esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyang Zhang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Shuo Li
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Zhaoyang Shang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Shan Lin
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Peng Gao
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Shuaiheng Hou
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Saijun Mo
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Wenbo Cao
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Ziming Dong
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Tao Hu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Ping Chen
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
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Gingerich MA, Smith JD, Michmerhuizen NL, Ludwig M, Devenport S, Matovina C, Brenner C, Chinn SB. Comprehensive review of genetic factors contributing to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma development in low-risk, nontraditional patients. Head Neck 2018; 40:943-954. [PMID: 29427520 DOI: 10.1002/hed.25057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The past 2 decades have seen an increased incidence of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) in a nontraditional, low-risk patient population (ie, ≤45 years of age, no substance use history), owing to a combination of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and individual genetic variation. METHODS Articles positing genetic variants as contributing factors in HNSCC incidence in low-risk, nontraditional patients were identified using a PubMed search, reviewed in detail, and concisely summarized herein. RESULTS Recent data suggest that common polymorphisms in DNA repair enzymes, cell-cycle control proteins, apoptotic pathway members, and Fanconi anemia-associated genes likely modulate susceptibility to HNSCC development in low-risk, nontraditional patients. CONCLUSION At present, there is a lack of robust, comprehensive data on genetic drivers of oncogenesis in low-risk patients and a clear need for further research on genetic alterations underlying the rising incidence of HNSCC in low-risk, nontraditional patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan A Gingerich
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Joshua D Smith
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Nicole L Michmerhuizen
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Megan Ludwig
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Samantha Devenport
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Chloe Matovina
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Chad Brenner
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Steven B Chinn
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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53
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Flavopiridol enhances ABT-199 sensitivity in unfavourable-risk multiple myeloma cells in vitro and in vivo. Br J Cancer 2017; 118:388-397. [PMID: 29241222 PMCID: PMC5808038 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The BCL-2-specific BH3-mimetic ABT-199 (venetoclax) has been reported to be principally active against favourable-risk multiple myeloma (MM) cells, prompting efforts to extend its activity to include more resistant, higher-risk MM subsets. Methods: Effects of the CDK9 inhibitor flavopiridol (FP; alvocidib) on responses to ABT-199 were examined in MM cells. Cell death and protein expression were evaluated by western blot and immunofluorescence. Xenograft models were used to study combination effects in vivo. Results: FP synergistically increased ABT-199 lethality in both ABT-199-sensitive and insensitive MM cells. FP blocked CDK9 activation/positive transcription elongation factor B phosphorylation, downregulated MCL-1, increased BCL-2/MCL-1 ratios, and upregulated BIM. MCL-1 ectopic expression or knockdown in MM cells significantly diminished or increased ABT-199 sensitivity, respectively. CDK9 knockdown triggered MCL-1 downregulation and increased ABT-199 activity, whereas BIM knockdown significantly reduced FP/ABT-199 lethality. FP also enhanced ABT-199 lethality in unfavourable prognosis primary MM cells. HS-5 cell co-culture failed to protect MM cells from the FP/ABT-199 regimen, suggesting circumvention of microenvironmental signals. Finally, FP/ABT-199 significantly increased survival in systemic xenograft and immune-competent MM models while exhibiting minimal toxicity. Conclusions: These findings argue that CDK9 inhibitors, for example, FP may increase the antimyeloma activity of ABT-199, including in unfavourable-risk MM minimally responsive to ABT-199 alone.
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54
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Bate-Eya LT, den Hartog IJM, van der Ploeg I, Schild L, Koster J, Santo EE, Westerhout EM, Versteeg R, Caron HN, Molenaar JJ, Dolman MEM. High efficacy of the BCL-2 inhibitor ABT199 (venetoclax) in BCL-2 high-expressing neuroblastoma cell lines and xenografts and rational for combination with MCL-1 inhibition. Oncotarget 2017; 7:27946-58. [PMID: 27056887 PMCID: PMC5053701 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The anti-apoptotic protein B cell lymphoma/leukaemia 2 (BCL-2) is highly expressed in neuroblastoma and plays an important role in oncogenesis. In this study, the selective BCL-2 inhibitor ABT199 was tested in a panel of neuroblastoma cell lines with diverse expression levels of BCL-2 and other BCL-2 family proteins. ABT199 caused apoptosis more potently in neuroblastoma cell lines expressing high BCL-2 and BIM/BCL-2 complex levels than low expressing cell lines. Effects on cell viability correlated with effects on BIM displacement from BCL-2 and cytochrome c release from the mitochondria. ABT199 treatment of mice with neuroblastoma tumors expressing high BCL-2 levels only resulted in growth inhibition, despite maximum BIM displacement from BCL-2 and the induction of a strong apoptotic response. We showed that neuroblastoma cells might survive ABT199 treatment due to its acute upregulation of the anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family protein myeloid cell leukaemia sequence 1 (MCL-1) and BIM sequestration by MCL-1. In vitro inhibition of MCL-1 sensitized neuroblastoma cell lines to ABT199, confirming the pivotal role of MCL-1 in ABT199 resistance. Our findings suggest that neuroblastoma patients with high BCL-2 and BIM/BCL-2 complex levels might benefit from combination treatment with ABT199 and compounds that inhibit MCL-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurel T Bate-Eya
- Department of Oncogenomics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ida van der Ploeg
- Department of Oncogenomics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Linda Schild
- Department of Oncogenomics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Koster
- Department of Oncogenomics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Evan E Santo
- Department of Oncogenomics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen M Westerhout
- Department of Oncogenomics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rogier Versteeg
- Department of Oncogenomics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Huib N Caron
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Emma Kinderziekenhuis, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan J Molenaar
- Department of Oncogenomics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Emmy M Dolman
- Department of Oncogenomics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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55
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Leverson JD, Sampath D, Souers AJ, Rosenberg SH, Fairbrother WJ, Amiot M, Konopleva M, Letai A. Found in Translation: How Preclinical Research Is Guiding the Clinical Development of the BCL2-Selective Inhibitor Venetoclax. Cancer Discov 2017; 7:1376-1393. [PMID: 29146569 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-17-0797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of apoptosis as a form of programmed cell death, targeting the apoptosis pathway to induce cancer cell death has been a high-priority goal for cancer therapy. After decades of effort, drug-discovery scientists have succeeded in generating small-molecule inhibitors of antiapoptotic BCL2 family proteins. Innovative medicinal chemistry and structure-based drug design, coupled with a strong fundamental understanding of BCL2 biology, were essential to the development of BH3 mimetics such as the BCL2-selective inhibitor venetoclax. We review a number of preclinical studies that have deepened our understanding of BCL2 biology and facilitated the clinical development of venetoclax.Significance: Basic research into the pathways governing programmed cell death have paved the way for the discovery of apoptosis-inducing agents such as venetoclax, a BCL2-selective inhibitor that was recently approved by the FDA and the European Medicines Agency. Preclinical studies aimed at identifying BCL2-dependent tumor types have translated well into the clinic thus far and will likely continue to inform the clinical development of venetoclax and other BCL2 family inhibitors. Cancer Discov; 7(12); 1376-93. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Martine Amiot
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, Nantes, France
| | - Marina Konopleva
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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56
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Efficacy of venetoclax as targeted therapy for relapsed/refractory t(11;14) multiple myeloma. Blood 2017; 130:2401-2409. [PMID: 29018077 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-06-788786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 339] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Venetoclax is a selective, orally bioavailable BCL-2 inhibitor that induces cell death in multiple myeloma (MM) cells, particularly in those harboring t(11;14), which express high levels of BCL-2 relative to BCL-XL and MCL-1. In this phase 1 study, patients with relapsed/refractory MM received venetoclax monotherapy. After a 2-week lead-in with weekly dose escalation, daily venetoclax was given at 300, 600, 900, or 1200 mg in dose-escalation cohorts and 1200 mg in the safety expansion. Dexamethasone could be added on progression during treatment. Sixty-six patients were enrolled (30, dose-escalation cohorts; 36, safety expansion). Patients received a median of 5 prior therapies (range, 1-15); 61% were bortezomib and lenalidomide double refractory, and 46% had t(11;14). Venetoclax was generally well tolerated. Most common adverse events included mild gastrointestinal symptoms (nausea [47%], diarrhea [36%], vomiting [21%]). Cytopenias were the most common grade 3/4 events, with thrombocytopenia (32%), neutropenia (27%), anemia (23%), and leukopenia (23%) reported. The overall response rate (ORR) was 21% (14/66), and 15% achieved very good partial response or better (≥VGPR). Most responses (12/14 [86%]) were reported in patients with t(11;14). In this group, ORR was 40%, with 27% of patients achieving ≥VGPR. Biomarker analysis confirmed that response to venetoclax correlated with higher BCL2:BCL2L1 and BCL2:MCL1 mRNA expression ratios. Venetoclax monotherapy at a daily dose up to 1200 mg has an acceptable safety profile and evidence of single-agent antimyeloma activity in patients with relapsed/refractory MM, predominantly in patients with t(11;14) abnormality and those with a favorable BCL2 family profile. Registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov: #NCT01794520.
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57
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Shukla S, Saxena S, Singh BK, Kakkar P. BH3-only protein BIM: An emerging target in chemotherapy. Eur J Cell Biol 2017; 96:728-738. [PMID: 29100606 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BH3-only proteins constitute major proportion of pro-apoptotic members of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family of apoptotic regulatory proteins and participate in embryonic development, tissue homeostasis and immunity. Absence of BH3-only proteins contributes to autoimmune disorders and tumorigenesis. Bim (Bcl-2 Interacting Mediator of cell death), most important member of BH3-only proteins, shares a BH3-only domain (9-16 aa) among 4 domains (BH1-BH4) of Bcl-2 family proteins and highly pro-apoptotic in nature. Bim initiates the intrinsic apoptotic pathway under both physiological and patho-physiological conditions. Reduction in Bim expression was found to be associated with tumor promotion and autoimmunity, while overexpression inhibited tumor growth and drug resistance as cancer cells suppress Bim expression and stability. Apart from its role in normal homeostasis, Bim has emerged as a central player in regulation of tumorigenesis, therefore gaining attention as a plausible target for chemotherapy. Regulation of Bim expression and stability is complicated and regulated at multiple levels viz. transcriptional, post-transcriptional, post-translational (preferably by phosphorylation and ubiquitination), epigenetic (by promoter acetylation or methylation) including miRNAs. Furthermore, control over Bim expression and stability may be exploited to enhance chemotherapeutic efficacy, overcome drug resistance and select anticancer drug regimen as various chemotherapeutic agents exploit Bim as an executioner of cell death. Owing to its potent anti-tumorigenic activity many BH3 mimetics e.g. ABT-737, ABT-263, obatoclax, AT-101and A-1210477 have been developed and entered in clinical trials. It is more likely that in near future strategies commanding Bim expression and stability ultimately lead to Bim based therapeutic regimen for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shatrunajay Shukla
- Herbal Research Laboratory, Food Drug & Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan 31, Post Box No. 80, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Sugandh Saxena
- Herbal Research Laboratory, Food Drug & Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan 31, Post Box No. 80, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-IITR, Lucknow campus, India
| | - Brijesh Kumar Singh
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulation, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, No 8 College Road, 169857, Singapore
| | - Poonam Kakkar
- Herbal Research Laboratory, Food Drug & Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan 31, Post Box No. 80, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-IITR, Lucknow campus, India.
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58
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Gu Y, Xu K, Torre C, Samur M, Barwick BG, Rupji M, Arora J, Neri P, Kaufman J, Nooka A, Bernal-Mizrachi L, Vertino P, Sun SY, Chen J, Munshi N, Fu H, Kowalski J, Boise LH, Lonial S. 14-3-3ζ binds the proteasome, limits proteolytic function and enhances sensitivity to proteasome inhibitors. Leukemia 2017; 32:744-751. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2017.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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59
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The combination of reduced MCL-1 and standard chemotherapeutics is tolerable in mice. Cell Death Differ 2017; 24:2032-2043. [PMID: 28800129 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2017.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A common therapeutic strategy to combat human cancer is the use of combinations of drugs, each targeting different cellular processes or vulnerabilities. Recent studies suggest that addition of an MCL-1 inhibitor to such anticancer drug treatments could be an attractive therapeutic strategy. Thus, it is of great interest to understand whether combinations of conventional anticancer drugs with an MCL-1 inhibitor will be tolerable and efficacious. In order to mimic the combination of MCL-1 inhibition with other cancer therapeutics, we treated Mcl-1+/- heterozygous mice, which have a ~50% reduction in MCL-1 protein in their cells, with a broad range of chemotherapeutic drugs. Careful monitoring of treated mice revealed that a wide range of chemotherapeutic drugs had no significant effect on the general well-being of Mcl-1+/- mice with no overt damage to a broad range of tissues, including the haematopoietic compartment, heart, liver and kidney. These results indicate that MCL-1 inhibition may represent a tolerable strategy in cancer therapy, even when combined with select cytotoxic drugs.
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60
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Zhang Y, Zhou L, Leng Y, Dai Y, Orlowski RZ, Grant S. Positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb) is a therapeutic target in human multiple myeloma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:59476-59491. [PMID: 28938651 PMCID: PMC5601747 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of the positive RNA Pol II regulator, P-TEFb (positive transcription elongation factor b), in maintenance of the anti-apoptotic protein Mcl-1 and bortezomib (btz) resistance was investigated in human multiple myeloma (MM) cells. Mcl-1 was up-regulated in all MM lines tested, including bortezomib-resistant lines, human MM xenograft mouse models, and primary CD138+ MM cells. Mcl-1 over-expression significantly reduced bortezomib lethality, indicating a functional role for Mcl-1 in bortezomib resistance. MM cell lines, primary MM specimens, and murine xenografts exhibited constitutive P-TEFb activation, manifested by high CTD (carboxy-terminal domain) S2 phosphorylation, associated with a) P-TEFb subunit up-regulation i.e., CDK9 (42 and 55 kDa isoforms) and cyclin T1; and b) marked CDK9 (42 kDa) T186 phosphorylation. In marked contrast, normal hematopoietic cells failed to exhibit up-regulation of p-CTD, CDK9, cyclin T1, or Mcl-1. CDK9 or cyclin T1 shRNA knock-down dramatically inhibited CTD S2 phosphorylation and down-regulated Mcl-1. Moreover, CRISPR-Cas CDK9 knock-out triggered apoptosis in MM cells and dramatically diminished cell growth. Pan-CDK e.g., dinaciclib or alvocidib and selective CDK9 inhibitors (CDK9i) recapitulated the effects of genetic P-TEFb disruption. CDK9 shRNA or CDK9 inhibitors significantly potentiated the susceptibility of MM cells, including bortezomib-resistant cells, to proteasome inhibitors. Analogously, CDK9 or cyclin T1 knock-down or CDK9 inhibitors markedly increased BH3-mimetic lethality in bortezomib-resistant cells. Finally, pan-CDK inhibition reduced human drug-naïve or bortezomib-resistant CD138+ cells and restored bone marrow architecture in vivo. Collectively, these findings implicate constitutive P-TEFb activation in high Mcl-1 maintenance in MM, and validate targeting the P-TEFb complex to circumvent bortezomib-resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University and The Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Liang Zhou
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University and The Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Yun Leng
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University and The Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA, USA.,Department of Hematology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Dai
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Robert Z Orlowski
- Department of Myeloma and Lymphoma, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Steven Grant
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University and The Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA, USA.,Virginia Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Department of Pharmacology Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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61
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Guikema JE, Amiot M, Eldering E. Exploiting the pro-apoptotic function of NOXA as a therapeutic modality in cancer. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2017; 21:767-779. [DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2017.1349754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen E Guikema
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Lymphoma and Myeloma Center Amsterdam (LYMMCARE), The Netherlands
| | - Martine Amiot
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d’Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Eric Eldering
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Lymphoma and Myeloma Center Amsterdam (LYMMCARE), The Netherlands
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62
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Freise KJ, Jones AK, Verdugo ME, Menon RM, Maciag PC, Salem AH. Moving Beyond Maximum Tolerated Dose for Targeted Oncology Drugs: Use of Clinical Utility Index to Optimize Venetoclax Dosage in Multiple Myeloma Patients. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2017; 102:970-976. [PMID: 28419431 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Exposure-response analyses of venetoclax in combination with bortezomib and dexamethasone in previously treated patients with multiple myeloma (MM) were performed on a phase Ib venetoclax dose-ranging study. Logistic regression models were utilized to determine relationships, identify subpopulations with different responses, and optimize the venetoclax dosage that balanced both efficacy and safety. Bortezomib refractory status and number of prior treatments were identified to impact the efficacy response to venetoclax treatment. Higher venetoclax exposures were estimated to increase the probability of achieving a very good partial response (VGPR) or better through venetoclax doses of 1,200 mg. However, the probability of neutropenia (grade ≥3) was estimated to increase at doses >800 mg. Using a clinical utility index, a venetoclax dosage of 800 mg daily was selected to optimally balance the VGPR or better rates and neutropenia rates in MM patients administered 1-3 prior lines of therapy and nonrefractory to bortezomib.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Freise
- AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - A K Jones
- AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Indivior Inc., Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | | | - R M Menon
- AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - P C Maciag
- AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - A H Salem
- AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois, USA
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63
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D’Agostino M, Salvini M, Palumbo A, Larocca A, Gay F. Novel investigational drugs active as single agents in multiple myeloma. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2017; 26:699-711. [DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2017.1324571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mattia D’Agostino
- Myeloma Unit, Division of Hematology, University of Torino, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Marco Salvini
- Myeloma Unit, Division of Hematology, University of Torino, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Antonio Palumbo
- Myeloma Unit, Division of Hematology, University of Torino, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Currently Takeda employee
| | - Alessandra Larocca
- Myeloma Unit, Division of Hematology, University of Torino, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Francesca Gay
- Myeloma Unit, Division of Hematology, University of Torino, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
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Bone marrow microenvironment-derived signals induce Mcl-1 dependence in multiple myeloma. Blood 2017; 129:1969-1979. [PMID: 28151428 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-10-745059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is highly dependent on the bone marrow microenvironment until progressing to very advanced extramedullary stages of the disease such as plasma cell leukemia. Stromal cells in the bone marrow secrete a variety of cytokines that promote plasma cell survival by regulating antiapoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family including Mcl-1, Bcl-xL, and Bcl-2. Although the antiapoptotic protein on which a cell depends is typically consistent among normal cells of a particular phenotype, Bcl-2 family dependence is highly heterogeneous in multiple myeloma. Although normal plasma cells and most multiple myeloma cells require Mcl-1 for survival, a subset of myeloma is codependent on Bcl-2 and/or Bcl-xL We investigated the role of the bone marrow microenvironment in determining Bcl-2 family dependence in multiple myeloma. We used the Bcl-2/Bcl-xL inhibitor ABT-737 to study the factors regulating whether myeloma is Mcl-1 dependent, and thus resistant to ABT-737-induced apoptosis, or Bcl-2/Bcl-xL codependent, and thus sensitive to ABT-737. We demonstrate that bone marrow stroma is capable of inducing Mcl-1 dependence through the production of the plasma cell survival cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6). IL-6 upregulates Mcl-1 transcription in a STAT3-dependent manner, although this occurred in a minority of the cells tested. In all cells, IL-6 treatment results in posttranslational modification of the proapoptotic protein Bim. Phosphorylation of Bim shifts its binding from Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL to Mcl-1, an effect reversed by MEK inhibition. Blocking IL-6 or downstream signaling restored Bcl-2/Bcl-xL dependence and may therefore represent a clinically useful strategy to enhance the activity of Bcl-2 inhibitors.
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Bae K, Park KE, Han J, Kim J, Kim K, Yoon KA. Mitotic cell death caused by follistatin-like 1 inhibition is associated with up-regulated Bim by inactivated Erk1/2 in human lung cancer cells. Oncotarget 2017; 7:18076-84. [PMID: 26716515 PMCID: PMC4951272 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Follistatin-like 1 (FSTL1) was identified as a novel pro-inflammatory protein showing high-level expression in rheumatoid arthritis. The protective effect of FSTL1 via the inhibition of apoptosis was reported in myocardial injury. However, the functional mechanism of FSTL1 in cancer is poorly characterized, and its proliferative effects are ambiguous. Here, we examined the effects of FSTL1 on cellular proliferation and cell cycle checkpoints in lung cancer cells. FSTL1 inhibition induced the cellular portion of G2/M phase in human lung cancer cells via the accumulation of regulators of the transition through the G2/M phase, including the cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1)-cyclin B1 complex. An increase in histone H3 phosphorylation (at Ser10), another hallmark of mitosis, indicated that the knockdown of FSTL1 in lung cancer cells stimulated a mitotic arrest. After that, apoptosis was promoted by the activation of caspase-3 and -9. Protein level of Bim, a BH3 domain-only, pro-apoptotic member and its isoforms, BimL, BimS, and BimEL were up-regulated by FSTL1 inhibition. Degradation of Bim was blocked in FSTL1-knockdown cells by decreased phosphorylation of Bim. Increased BimEL as well as decreased phosphorylated Erk1/2 is essential for cell death by FSTL1 inhibition in NCI-H460 cells. Taken together, our results suggest that the knockdown of FSTL1 induces apoptosis through a mitotic arrest and caspase-dependent cell death. FSTL1 plays the important roles in cellular proliferation and apoptosis in lung cancer cells, and thus can be a new target for lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieun Bae
- Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, Korea
| | - Kyoung Eun Park
- Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, Korea
| | - Jihye Han
- Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, Korea
| | - Jongkwang Kim
- Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, Korea
| | - Kyungtae Kim
- Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, Korea
| | - Kyong-Ah Yoon
- Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, Korea.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Korea
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Shabestari RM, Safa M, Alikarami F, Banan M, Kazemi A. CREB knockdown inhibits growth and induces apoptosis in human pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells through inhibition of prosurvival signals. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 87:274-279. [PMID: 28063408 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.12.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A majority of acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients overexpress CREB in the bone marrow. However, the functional significance of this up-regulation and the detailed molecular mechanism behind the regulatory effect of CREB on the growth of B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL) cells has not been elucidated. We demonstrated here that CREB knockdown induced apoptosis and impaired growth of BCP-ALL NALM-6 cells which was associated with caspase activation. The gene expression levels of prosurvival signals Bcl-2, Mcl-1, Bcl-xL, survivin and XIAP were down-regulated upon CREB suppression. These findings indicate a critical role for CREB in proliferation, survival, and apoptosis of BCP-ALL cells. The data also suggest that CREB could possibly serve as potential therapeutic target in BCP-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima Manafi Shabestari
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Safa
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Hematology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Alikarami
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Banan
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Kazemi
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Sherbenou DW, Aftab BT, Su Y, Behrens CR, Wiita A, Logan AC, Acosta-Alvear D, Hann BC, Walter P, Shuman MA, Wu X, Atkinson JP, Wolf JL, Martin TG, Liu B. Antibody-drug conjugate targeting CD46 eliminates multiple myeloma cells. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:4640-4653. [PMID: 27841764 DOI: 10.1172/jci85856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is incurable by standard approaches because of inevitable relapse and development of treatment resistance in all patients. In our prior work, we identified a panel of macropinocytosing human monoclonal antibodies against CD46, a negative regulator of the innate immune system, and constructed antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). In this report, we show that an anti-CD46 ADC (CD46-ADC) potently inhibited proliferation in myeloma cell lines with little effect on normal cells. CD46-ADC also potently eliminated myeloma growth in orthometastatic xenograft models. In primary myeloma cells derived from bone marrow aspirates, CD46-ADC induced apoptosis and cell death, but did not affect the viability of nontumor mononuclear cells. It is of clinical interest that the CD46 gene resides on chromosome 1q, which undergoes genomic amplification in the majority of relapsed myeloma patients. We found that the cell surface expression level of CD46 was markedly higher in patient myeloma cells with 1q gain than in those with normal 1q copy number. Thus, genomic amplification of CD46 may serve as a surrogate for target amplification that could allow patient stratification for tailored CD46-targeted therapy. Overall, these findings indicate that CD46 is a promising target for antibody-based treatment of multiple myeloma, especially in patients with gain of chromosome 1q.
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Mitochondrial ATF2 translocation contributes to apoptosis induction and BRAF inhibitor resistance in melanoma through the interaction of Bim with VDAC1. Oncotarget 2016; 6:36338-53. [PMID: 26462148 PMCID: PMC4742181 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mitochondrial accumulation of ATF2 is involved in tumor suppressor activities via cytochrome c release in melanoma cells. However, the signaling pathways that connect mitochondrial ATF2 accumulation and cytochrome c release are not well documented. METHODS Several melanoma cell lines, B16F10, K1735M2, A375 and A375-R1, were treated with paclitaxel and vemurafenib to test the function of mitochondrial ATF2 and its connection to Bim and voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1). Immunoprecipitation analysis was performed to investigate the functional interaction between the involved proteins. VDAC1 oligomerization was evaluated using an EGS-based crosslinking assay. RESULTS The expression and migration of ATF2 to the mitochondria accounted for paclitaxel stimuli and acquired resistance to BRAF inhibitors. Mitochondrial ATF2 facilitated Bim stabilization through the inhibition of its degradation by the proteasome, thereby promoting cytochrome c release and inducing apoptosis in B16F10 and A375 cells. Studies using B16F10 and A375 cells genetically modified for ATF2 indicated that mitochondrial ATF2 was able to dissociate Bim from the Mcl-1/Bim complex to trigger VDAC1 oligomerization. Immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that Bim interacts with VDAC1, and this interaction was remarkably enhanced during apoptosis. CONCLUSION These results reveal that mitochondrial ATF2 is associated with the induction of apoptosis and BRAF inhibitor resistance through Bim activation, which might suggest potential novel therapies for the targeted induction of apoptosis in melanoma therapy.
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Khoshtinat Nikkhoi S, Heydarzadeh H, Ranjbar S, Salimi F, Aghaeifard M, Alavian SM, Reshadmanesh A. The Evaluation and Comparison of Transcriptionally Targeted Noxa and Puma Killer Genes to Initiate Apoptosis Under Cancer-Specific Promoter CXCR1 in Hepatocarcinoma Gene Therapy. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2016; 16:e38828. [PMID: 27882064 PMCID: PMC5111460 DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.38828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancerous cells proliferate as fast as possible without a proper surveillance system. This rapid cell division leads to enormous mutation rates, which help a tumor establish. OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the potential of inducing apoptosis using Noxa and Puma in a hepatocarcinoma cell line. METHODS The current study generated two recombinant lentiviruses, pLEX-GCN and pLEX-GCP, bearing Noxa and Puma, respectively. Transduction of both genes to hepatocarcinoma (HepG2) was verified using fluorescent microscopic analysis, western blotting, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). To evaluate the potential of Noxa and Puma to initiate apoptosis, a caspase-9 real-time, MTT assay, and a 4', 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) reagent were performed to stain apoptotic cells. RESULTS The data verified successful transduction to HepG2 and HEK293T. Higher relative expression of Noxa and Puma rather than the untransduced cell line showed these genes are expressed more in HepG2 in comparison to HEK293T. The results of the real-time PCR, MTT assay, and DAPI reagent illustrated that higher cells initiated apoptosis following Puma transduction rather than Noxa. CONCLUSIONS In this approach, the suicide gene was transferred to transformed cells and ignited apoptosis to exterminate them. Puma is a more potent killer gene and has higher capabilities to start intrinsic apoptosis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahryar Khoshtinat Nikkhoi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, IR Iran
- Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Hedieh Heydarzadeh
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Azad university of Shahreh Qods, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Saeed Ranjbar
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Fatemeh Salimi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Masoud Aghaeifard
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Seyed Moayed Alavian
- Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Seyed Moayed Alavian, Professor of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel: +98-9121073195, E-mail:
| | - Azadeh Reshadmanesh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, IR Iran
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Endothelin-1 (ET-1) induces resistance to bortezomib in human multiple myeloma cells via a pathway involving the ETB receptor and upregulation of proteasomal activity. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2016; 142:2141-58. [PMID: 27530445 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-016-2216-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Bortezomib (BTZ) is used for the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM). However, a significant proportion of patients may be refractory to the drug. This study aimed to investigate whether the endothelin (ET-1) axis may act as an escape mechanism to treatment with bortezomib in MM cells. METHODS NCI-H929 and RPMI-8226 (human MM cell lines) were cultured with or without ET-1, BTZ, and inhibitors of the endothelin receptors. ET-1 levels were determined by ELISA, while the protein levels of its receptors and of the PI3K and MAPK pathways' components by western blot. Effects of ET-1 on cell proliferation were studied by MTT and on the ubiquitin proteasome pathway by assessing the chymotryptic activity of the 20S proteasome in cell lysates. RESULTS Endothelin receptors A and B (ETAR and ETBR, respectively) were found to be expressed in both cell lines, with the RPMI-8226 cells that are considered resistant to BTZ, expressing higher levels of ETBR and in addition secreting ET-1. Treatment of the NCI-H929 cells with ET-1 increased proliferation, while co-incubation of these cells with ET-1 and BTZ decreased BTZ efficacy with concomitant upregulation of 20S proteasomal activity. Si-RNA silencing or chemical blockade of ETBR abrogated the protective effects of ET-1. Finally, data suggest that the predominant signaling pathway involved in ET-1/ETBR-induced BTZ resistance in MM cells may be the MAPK pathway. CONCLUSION Our data suggest a possible role of the ET-1/ETBR axis in regulating the sensitivity of MM cells to BTZ. Thus, combining bortezomib with strategies to target the ET-1 axis could prove to be a novel promising therapeutic approach in MM.
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71
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Hung KH, Su ST, Chen CY, Hsu PH, Huang SY, Wu WJ, Chen MJM, Chen HY, Wu PC, Lin FR, Tsai MD, Lin KI. Aiolos collaborates with Blimp-1 to regulate the survival of multiple myeloma cells. Cell Death Differ 2016; 23:1175-84. [PMID: 26823144 PMCID: PMC4946885 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2015.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcriptional repressor B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein-1 (Blimp-1) has crucial roles in the control of plasma cell differentiation and in maintaining survival of plasma cells. However, how Blimp-1 ensures the survival of plasma cell malignancy, multiple myeloma (MM), has remained elusive. Here we identified Aiolos, an anti-apoptotic transcription factor of MM cells, as a Blimp-1-interacting protein by mass spectrometry. ChIP coupled with DNA microarray was used to profile the global binding of Aiolos and Blimp-1 to endogenous targets in MM cells, which revealed their co-binding to a large number of genes, including apoptosis-related genes. Accordingly, Blimp-1 and Aiolos regulate similar transcriptomes in MM cells. Analysis of the binding motifs for Blimp-1 and Aiolos uncovered a partial motif that was similar across sites for both proteins. Aiolos promotes the binding of Blimp-1 to target genes and thereby enhances Blimp-1-dependent transcriptional repression. Furthermore, treatment with an anti-MM agent, lenalidomide, caused ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of Blimp-1, leading to the de-repression of a new Blimp-1 direct target, CULLIN 4A (CUL4A), and reduced Aiolos levels. Accordingly, lenalidomide-induced cell death was partially rescued by reintroduction of Blimp-1 or knockdown of CUL4A. Thus, we demonstrated the functional impacts and underlying mechanisms of the interaction between Aiolos and Blimp-1 in maintaining MM cell survival. We also showed that interruption of Blimp-1/Aiolos regulatory pathways contributes to lenalidomide-mediated anti-MM activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- K-H Hung
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - S-T Su
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C-Y Chen
- Department of Bio-Industrial Mechatronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - P-H Hsu
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Ocean University and Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - S-Y Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - W-J Wu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - M-J M Chen
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - H-Y Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - P-C Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - F-R Lin
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - M-D Tsai
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - K-I Lin
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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Dihydroartemisinin and its derivative induce apoptosis in acute myeloid leukemia through Noxa-mediated pathway requiring iron and endoperoxide moiety. Oncotarget 2016; 6:5582-96. [PMID: 25714024 PMCID: PMC4467388 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-apoptotic protein Mcl-1 plays an important role in protecting cell from death in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The apoptosis blocking activity of Mcl-1 is inhibited by BH3-only protein Noxa. We found that dihydroartemisinin (DHA) and its derivative X-11 are potent apoptosis inducers in AML cells and act through a Noxa-mediate pathway; X-11 is four-fold more active than DHA. DHA and X-11-induced apoptosis is associated with induction of Noxa; apoptosis is blocked by silencing Noxa. DHA and X-11 induce Noxa expression by upregulating the transcription factor FOXO3a in a reactive oxygen species-mediated pathway. Interfering with the integrity of the endoperoxide moiety of DHA and X-11, as well as chelating intracellular iron with deferoxamine, diminish apoptosis and Noxa induction. AML cells expressing Bcl-xL, or with overexpression of Bcl-2, have decreased sensitivity to DHA and X-11-induced apoptosis which could be overcome by addition of Bcl-2/Bcl-xL inhibitor ABT-737. DHA and X-11 represent a new group of AML cells-apoptosis inducing compounds which work through Noxa up-regulation utilizing the specific endoperoxide moiety and intracellular iron.
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73
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Punnoose EA, Leverson JD, Peale F, Boghaert ER, Belmont LD, Tan N, Young A, Mitten M, Ingalla E, Darbonne WC, Oleksijew A, Tapang P, Yue P, Oeh J, Lee L, Maiga S, Fairbrother WJ, Amiot M, Souers AJ, Sampath D. Expression Profile of BCL-2, BCL-XL, and MCL-1 Predicts Pharmacological Response to the BCL-2 Selective Antagonist Venetoclax in Multiple Myeloma Models. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:1132-44. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Lub S, Maes K, Menu E, De Bruyne E, Vanderkerken K, Van Valckenborgh E. Novel strategies to target the ubiquitin proteasome system in multiple myeloma. Oncotarget 2016; 7:6521-37. [PMID: 26695547 PMCID: PMC4872730 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy characterized by the accumulation of plasma cells in the bone marrow (BM). The success of the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib in the treatment of MM highlights the importance of the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) in this particular cancer. Despite the prolonged survival of MM patients, a significant amount of patients relapse or become resistant to therapy. This underlines the importance of the development and investigation of novel targets to improve MM therapy. The UPS plays an important role in different cellular processes by targeted destruction of proteins. The ubiquitination process consists of enzymes that transfer ubiquitin to proteins targeting them for proteasomal degradation. An emerging and promising approach is to target more disease specific components of the UPS to reduce side effects and overcome resistance. In this review, we will focus on different components of the UPS such as the ubiquitin activating enzyme E1, the ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2, the E3 ubiquitin ligases, the deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) and the proteasome. We will discuss their role in MM and the implications in drug discovery for the treatment of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Lub
- Laboratory of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ken Maes
- Laboratory of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eline Menu
- Laboratory of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Elke De Bruyne
- Laboratory of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karin Vanderkerken
- Laboratory of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Els Van Valckenborgh
- Laboratory of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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Ouchi K, Kuwahara Y, Iehara T, Miyachi M, Katsumi Y, Tsuchiya K, Konishi E, Yanagisawa A, Hosoi H. A NOXA/MCL-1 Imbalance Underlies Chemoresistance of Malignant Rhabdoid Tumor Cells. J Cell Physiol 2016; 231:1932-40. [PMID: 26680268 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Malignant rhabdoid tumor (MRT) is a rare aggressive pediatric cancer characterized by inactivation of SNF5, a core subunit of SWI/SNF complexes. Previously, we showed that SNF5 contributes to transcriptional activation of NOXA, a pro-apoptotic protein that binds and inhibits the anti-apoptotic protein MCL-1. In this study, we found that NOXA expression was downregulated in MRT cell lines as well as in clinical MRT samples and that ectopically expressed NOXA bound MCL-1 and increased the sensitivity of MRT cell lines to doxorubicin (DOX) by promoting apoptosis. Consistent with this finding, knockdown of MCL-1 in MRT cell lines induced apoptosis and increased DOX sensitivity in MRT cells, and the MCL-1 inhibitor TW-37 synergized with DOX to induce MRT cell death. Our results suggest that modulation of the NOXA/MCL-1 pathway may be a potential strategy for the treatment of patients with MRT. J. Cell. Physiol. 231: 1932-1940, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutaka Ouchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasumichi Kuwahara
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoko Iehara
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Miyachi
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Katsumi
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Tsuchiya
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Eiichi Konishi
- Department of Pathology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akio Yanagisawa
- Department of Pathology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hajime Hosoi
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Edwards SKE, Han Y, Liu Y, Kreider BZ, Liu Y, Grewal S, Desai A, Baron J, Moore CR, Luo C, Xie P. Signaling mechanisms of bortezomib in TRAF3-deficient mouse B lymphoma and human multiple myeloma cells. Leuk Res 2015; 41:85-95. [PMID: 26740054 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Bortezomib, a clinical drug for multiple myeloma (MM) and mantle cell lymphoma, exhibits complex mechanisms of action, which vary depending on the cancer type and the critical genetic alterations of each cancer. Here we investigated the signaling mechanisms of bortezomib in mouse B lymphoma and human MM cells deficient in a new tumor suppressor gene, TRAF3. We found that bortezomib consistently induced up-regulation of the cell cycle inhibitor p21(WAF1) and the pro-apoptotic protein Noxa as well as cleavage of the anti-apoptotic protein Mcl-1. Interestingly, bortezomib induced the activation of NF-κB1 and the accumulation of the oncoprotein c-Myc, but inhibited the activation of NF-κB2. Furthermore, we demonstrated that oridonin (an inhibitor of NF-κB1 and NF-κB2) or AD 198 (a drug targeting c-Myc) drastically potentiated the anti-cancer effects of bortezomib in TRAF3-deficient malignant B cells. Taken together, our findings increase the understanding of the mechanisms of action of bortezomib, which would aid the design of novel bortezomib-based combination therapies. Our results also provide a rationale for clinical evaluation of the combinations of bortezomib and oridonin (or other inhibitors of NF-κB1/2) or AD 198 (or other drugs targeting c-Myc) in the treatment of lymphoma and MM, especially in patients containing TRAF3 deletions or relevant mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanique K E Edwards
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States; Graduate Program in Molecular Biosciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States
| | - Yeming Han
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States
| | - Yingying Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States
| | - Benjamin Z Kreider
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States
| | - Sukhdeep Grewal
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States
| | - Anand Desai
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States
| | - Jacqueline Baron
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States
| | - Carissa R Moore
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States
| | - Chang Luo
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States
| | - Ping Xie
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States; Member, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, United States.
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Storti P, Toscani D, Airoldi I, Marchica V, Maiga S, Bolzoni M, Fiorini E, Campanini N, Martella E, Mancini C, Guasco D, Ferri V, Donofrio G, Aversa F, Amiot M, Giuliani N. The anti-tumoral effect of lenalidomide is increased in vivo by hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α inhibition in myeloma cells. Haematologica 2015; 101:e107-10. [PMID: 26659917 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2015.133736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Storti
- Myeloma Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Italy
| | - Denise Toscani
- Myeloma Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Italy
| | - Irma Airoldi
- Laboratorio di Oncologia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Valentina Marchica
- Myeloma Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Italy
| | - Sophie Maiga
- INSERM, U892, University of Nantes, CNRS, UMR 6299, France
| | - Marina Bolzoni
- Myeloma Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Italy
| | - Elena Fiorini
- Myeloma Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Campanini
- Pathologic Anatomy and Histology, "Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria" of Parma, Italy
| | - Eugenia Martella
- Pathologic Anatomy and Histology, "Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria" of Parma, Italy
| | - Cristina Mancini
- Pathologic Anatomy and Histology, "Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria" of Parma, Italy
| | - Daniela Guasco
- Myeloma Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Italy
| | - Valentina Ferri
- Myeloma Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Italy Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Gaetano Donofrio
- Department of Medical-Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Italy
| | - Franco Aversa
- Myeloma Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Italy
| | - Martine Amiot
- INSERM, U892, University of Nantes, CNRS, UMR 6299, France
| | - Nicola Giuliani
- Myeloma Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Italy
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78
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Narita T, Ri M, Masaki A, Mori F, Ito A, Kusumoto S, Ishida T, Komatsu H, Iida S. Lower expression of activating transcription factors 3 and 4 correlates with shorter progression-free survival in multiple myeloma patients receiving bortezomib plus dexamethasone therapy. Blood Cancer J 2015; 5:e373. [PMID: 26636288 PMCID: PMC4735074 DOI: 10.1038/bcj.2015.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bortezomib (BTZ), a proteasome inhibitor, is widely used in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM), but a fraction of patients respond poorly to this agent. To identify factors predicting the duration of progression-free survival (PFS) of MM patients on BTZ treatment, the expression of proteasome and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related genes was quantified in primary samples from patients receiving a combination of BTZ and dexamethasone (BD). Fifty-six MM patients were stratified into a group with PFS<6 months (n=33) and a second group with PFS⩾6 months (n=23). Of the 15 genes analyzed, the expression of activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) and ATF4 was significantly lower in patients with shorter PFS (P=0.0157 and P=0.0085, respectively). Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis showed that these ATFs bind each other and transactivate genes encoding the pro-apoptotic transcription factors, CHOP and Noxa, which promote ER stress-associated apoptosis. When either ATF3 or ATF4 expression was silenced, MM cells partially lost sensitivity to BTZ treatment. This was accompanied by lower levels of Noxa, CHOP and DR5. Thus low basal expression of ATF3 and ATF4 may attenuate BTZ-induced apoptosis. Hence, ATF3 and ATF4 could potentially be used as biomarkers to predict efficacy of BD therapy in patients with MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Narita
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - M Ri
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - A Masaki
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - F Mori
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - A Ito
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - S Kusumoto
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - T Ishida
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - H Komatsu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - S Iida
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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79
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Pei Y, Lu X, He L, Wang H, Zhang A, Li Y, Huang R, Liao L, Zhu Z, Wang Y. Expression pattern and transcriptional regulatory mechanism of noxa gene in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 47:861-867. [PMID: 26453794 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Noxa, a pro-apoptotic protein, plays an important role in cell apoptosis. The researches about noxa gene were concentrated in mammalians, whereas the role and transcriptional regulatory mechanism of noxa in fish were still unclear. In this study, the expression pattern and transcriptional regulatory mechanism of noxa gene in grass carp were analyzed. Noxa was constitutively expressed in all the examined tissues but the relative expression level differed. After exposure to grass carp reovirus (GCRV), mRNA expression level of noxa was down-regulated at the early phase whereas up-regulated at the late phase of infection. Luciferase assays showed that the promoter region -867 ∼ +107 of noxa had high activity and the region -678 ∼ -603 was important in the response to GCRV infection. By deleting the predicted transcription factor binding sites, transcription factors FOXO1 and CEBPβ were found important for noxa in response to GCRV infection. Moreover, the noxa promoter was biotin-labeled and incubated with nuclear extracts from GCRV infected cells. Mass spectrometry analysis showed that transcription factors FOXO1 and CEBPβ were also enriched in the combined proteins. Therefore, the results suggested that transcription factors FOXO1 and CEBPβ may play an important role in the regulation of noxa. Our study would provide new insight into the transcriptional regulatory mechanism of noxa in teleost fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyan Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaonan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Libo He
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Aidi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yongming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Rong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Lanjie Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zuoyan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yaping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
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Gomez-Bougie P, Halliez M, Maïga S, Godon C, Kervoëlen C, Pellat-Deceunynck C, Moreau P, Amiot M. Curcumin induces cell death of the main molecular myeloma subtypes, particularly the poor prognosis subgroups. Cancer Biol Ther 2015; 16:60-5. [PMID: 25517601 PMCID: PMC4622499 DOI: 10.4161/15384047.2014.986997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM), a plasma cell malignancy, remains incurable despite the development of new therapies. Curcumin anti-tumor effects were previously characterized in multiple myeloma, however only few MM cell lines were included in these studies. Since myeloma is a heterogeneous disease it is important to address the impact of myeloma molecular heterogeneity in curcumin cell death induction. In the present study, a large panel of human myeloma cell lines (HMCLs) (n = 29), representing the main molecular MM subgroups, was screened for curcumin sensitivity. We observed that curcumin cell death induction was heterogeneous, of note 16 HMCLs were highly sensitive to curcumin (LD50 < 20.5 μM), 6 HMCLs exhibited intermediate LD50 values (20.5 μM ≤ LD50 < 32.2 μM) and only 7 HMCLs were weakly sensitive (35 < LD50 < 56 μM). Cell lines harboring the t(11;14) translocation were less sensitive (median LD50 32.9 μM) than non-t(11;14) (median LD50 17.9 μM), which included poor prognosis t(4;14) and t(14;16) cells. Interestingly, curcumin sensitivity was not dependent on TP53 status. For the first time we showed that primary myeloma cells were also sensitive, even those displaying del(17p), another poor prognosis factor. We also unravel the contribution of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family molecules in curcumin response. We found that down-regulation of Mcl-1, an essential MM survival factor, was associated with curcumin-induced cell death and its knockdown sensitized myeloma cells to curcumin, highlighting Mcl-1 as an important target for curcumin-induced apoptosis. Altogether, these results support clinical trials including curcumin in association with standard therapy.
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81
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Schröder H, Komljenovic D, Hecker M, Korff T. Transdermal drug targeting and functional imaging of tumor blood vessels in the mouse auricle. FASEB J 2015; 30:923-32. [PMID: 26546130 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-279240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Subcutaneously growing tumors are widely utilized to study tumor angiogenesis and the efficacy of antiangiogenic therapies in mice. To additionally assess functional and morphologic alterations of the vasculature in the periphery of a growing tumor, we exploited the easily accessible and hierarchically organized vasculature of the mouse auricle. By site-specific subcutaneous implantation of a defined preformed mouse B16/F0 melanoma aggregate, a solid tumor nodule developed within 14 d. Growth of the tumor nodule was accompanied by a 4-fold increase in its perfusion as well as a 2- to 4-fold elevated diameter and perfusion of peripheral blood vessels that had connected to the tumor capillary microvasculature. By transdermal application of the anticancer drug bortezomib, tumor growth was significantly diminished by about 50% without provoking side effects. Moreover, perfusion and tumor microvessel diameter as well as growth and perfusion of arterial or venous blood vessels supplying or draining the tumor microvasculature were decreased under these conditions by up to 80%. Collectively, we observed that the progressive tumor growth is accompanied by the enlargement of supplying and draining extratumoral blood vessels. This process was effectively suppressed by bortezomib, thereby restricting the perfusion capacity of both extra and intratumoral blood vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Schröder
- *Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Division of Cardiovascular Physiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; and Department of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dorde Komljenovic
- *Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Division of Cardiovascular Physiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; and Department of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Hecker
- *Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Division of Cardiovascular Physiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; and Department of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Korff
- *Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Division of Cardiovascular Physiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; and Department of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum), Heidelberg, Germany
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82
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Inhibition of sphingosine kinase 2 downregulates the expression of c-Myc and Mcl-1 and induces apoptosis in multiple myeloma. Blood 2015; 124:1915-25. [PMID: 25122609 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-03-559385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipid metabolism is being increasingly recognized as a key pathway in regulating cancer cell survival and proliferation. However, very little is known about its role in multiple myeloma (MM). We investigated the potential of targeting sphingosine kinase 2 (SK2) for the treatment of MM. We found that SK2 was overexpressed in MM cell lines and in primary human bone marrow (BM) CD1381 myeloma cells. Inhibition of SK2 by SK2- specific short hairpin RNA or ABC294640 (a SK2 specific inhibitor) effectively inhibited myeloma cell proliferation and induced caspase 3–mediated apoptosis. ABC294640 inhibited primary human CD1381 myeloma cells with the same efficacy as with MM cell lines. ABC294640 effectively induced apoptosis of myeloma cells, even in the presence of BM stromal cells. Furthermore, we found that ABC294640 downregulated the expression of pS6 and directed c-Myc and myeloid cell leukemia 1 (Mcl-1) for proteasome degradation. In addition, ABC294640 increased Noxa gene transcription and protein expression. ABC294640, per se, did not affect the expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), but acted synergistically with ABT-737 (a Bcl-2 inhibitor) in inducing myeloma cell death. ABC294640 suppressed myeloma tumor growth in vivo in mouse myeloma xenograft models. Our data demonstrated that SK2 provides a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of MM.This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT01410981.
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83
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Noxa upregulation by oncogenic activation of MEK/ERK through CREB promotes autophagy in human melanoma cells. Oncotarget 2015; 5:11237-51. [PMID: 25365078 PMCID: PMC4294377 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Reduction in the expression of the anti-survival BH3-only proteins PUMA and Bim is associated with the pathogenesis of melanoma. However, we have found that the expression of the other BH3-only protein Noxa is commonly upregulated in melanoma cells, and that this is driven by oncogenic activation of MEK/ERK. Immunohistochemistry studies showed that Noxa was expressed at higher levels in melanomas than nevi. Moreover, the expression of Noxa was increased in metastatic compared to primary melanomas, and in thick primaries compared to thin primaries. Inhibition of oncogenic BRAFV600E or MEK downregulated Noxa, whereas activation of MEK/ERK caused its upregulation. In addition, introduction of BRAFV600E increased Noxa expression in melanocytes. Upregulation of Noxa was due to a transcriptional increase mediated by cAMP responsive element binding protein, activation of which was also increased by MEK/ERK signaling in melanoma cells. Significantly, Noxa appeared necessary for constitutive activation of autophagy, albeit at low levels, by MEK/ERK in melanoma cells. Furthermore, it was required for autophagy activation that delayed apoptosis in melanoma cells undergoing nutrient deprivation. These results reveal that oncogenic activation of MEK/ERK drives Noxa expression to promote autophagy, and suggest that Noxa has an indirect anti-apoptosis role in melanoma cells under nutrient starvation conditions.
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84
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Abstract
Dichloroacetate (DCA) is a metabolic reprogramming agent that reverses the Warburg effect, causing cancer cells to couple glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation. This has been shown to induce apoptosis and reduce the growth of various types of cancer but not normal cells. Colorectal cancer cells HCT116, HCT116 p53(-/-), and HCT116 Bax(-/-), were treated with DCA in vitro. Response to treatment was determined by measuring PDH phosphorylation, apoptosis, proliferation, and cell cycle. Molecular changes associated with these responses were determined using western immunoblotting and quantitative PCR. Treatment with 20 mM DCA did not increase apoptosis, despite decreasing levels of anti-apoptotic protein Mcl-1 after 6 h, in any of the cell lines observed. Mcl-1 expression was stabilized with MG-132, an inhibitor of proteasomal degradation. A decrease in Mcl-1 correlated with a decrease in proliferation, both of which showed dose-dependence in DCA treated cells. Cells showed nuclear localization of Mcl-1, however cell cycle was unaffected by DCA treatment. These data suggest that a reduction in the prosurvival Bcl-2 family member Mcl-1 due to increased proteasomal degradation is correlated with the ability of DCA to reduce proliferation of HCT116 human colorectal cancer cells without causing apoptosis.
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85
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Zaman S, Wang R, Gandhi V. Targeting executioner procaspase-3 with the procaspase-activating compound B-PAC-1 induces apoptosis in multiple myeloma cells. Exp Hematol 2015; 43:951-962.e3. [PMID: 26257207 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell neoplasm that has a low apoptotic index. We investigated a new class of small molecules that target the terminal apoptosis pathway, called procaspase activating compounds (PACs), in myeloma cells. PAC agents (PAC-1 and B-PAC-1) convert executioner procaspases (procaspase 3, 6, and 7) to active caspases 3, 6, and 7, which cleave target substrates to induce cellular apoptosis cascade. We hypothesized that targeting this terminal step could overcome survival and drug-resistance signals in myeloma cells and induce programmed cell death. Myeloma cells expressed executioner caspases. Additionally, our studies demonstrated that B-PAC-1 is cytotoxic to chemotherapy-resistant or sensitive myeloma cell lines (n = 7) and primary patient cells (n = 11). Exogenous zinc abrogated B-PAC-1-induced cell demise. Apoptosis induced by B-PAC-1 treatment was similar in the presence or absence of growth-promoting cytokines such as interleukin 6 and hepatocyte growth factor. Presence or absence of antiapoptotic proteins such as BCL-2, BCL-XL, or MCL-1 did not impact B-PAC-1-mediated programmed cell death. Collectively, our data demonstrate the proapoptotic effect of B-PAC-1 in MM and suggest that activating terminal executioner procaspases 3, 6, and 7 bypasses survival and drug-resistance signals in myeloma cells. This novel strategy has the potential to become an effective antimyeloma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadia Zaman
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Varsha Gandhi
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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86
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ZHANG YANG, ZHU XIAOBO, HOU KUN, ZHAO JINCHUAN, HAN ZHIGUO, ZHANG XIAONA. Mcl-1 downregulation sensitizes glioma to bortezomib-induced apoptosis. Oncol Rep 2015; 33:2277-84. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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87
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Murphy ÁC, Weyhenmeyer B, Noonan J, Kilbride SM, Schimansky S, Loh KP, Kögel D, Letai AG, Prehn JHM, Murphy BM. Modulation of Mcl-1 sensitizes glioblastoma to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Apoptosis 2015; 19:629-42. [PMID: 24213561 PMCID: PMC3938842 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-013-0935-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive form of primary brain tumour, with dismal patient outcome. Treatment failure is associated with intrinsic or acquired apoptosis resistance and the presence of a highly tumourigenic subpopulation of cancer cells called GBM stem cells. Tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) has emerged as a promising novel therapy for some treatment-resistant tumours but unfortunately GBM can be completely resistant to TRAIL monotherapy. In this study, we identified Mcl-1, an anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family member, as a critical player involved in determining the sensitivity of GBM to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Effective targeting of Mcl-1 in TRAIL resistant GBM cells, either by gene silencing technology or by treatment with R-roscovitine, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor that targets Mcl-1, was demonstrated to augment sensitivity to TRAIL, both within GBM cells grown as monolayers and in a 3D tumour model. Finally, we highlight that two separate pathways are activated during the apoptotic death of GBM cells treated with a combination of TRAIL and R-roscovitine, one which leads to caspase-8 and caspase-3 activation and a second pathway, involving a Mcl-1:Noxa axis. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that R-roscovitine in combination with TRAIL presents a promising novel strategy to trigger cell death pathways in glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Á C Murphy
- Centre for Systems Medicine, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, York House, St. Stephen's Green, Dublin, 2, Ireland
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88
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Li R, Cheng C, Balasis ME, Liu Y, Garner TP, Daniel KG, Li J, Qin Y, Gavathiotis E, Sebti SM. Design, synthesis and evaluation of marinopyrrole derivatives as selective inhibitors of Mcl-1 binding to pro-apoptotic Bim and dual Mcl-1/Bcl-xL inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 90:315-331. [PMID: 25437618 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of anti-apoptotic Mcl-1 is a promising anticancer strategy to overcome the survival and chemoresistance of a broad spectrum of human cancers. We previously reported on the identification of a natural product marinopyrrole A (1) that induces apoptosis in Mcl-1-dependent cells through Mcl-1 degradation. Here, we report the design and synthesis of novel marinopyrrole-based analogs and their evaluation as selective inhibitors of Mcl-1 as well as dual Mcl-1/Bcl-xL inhibitors. The most selective Mcl-1 antagonists were 34, 36 and 37 with 16-, 13- and 9-fold more selectivity for disrupting Mcl-1/Bim over Bcl-xL/Bim binding, respectively. Among the most potent dual inhibitors is 42 which inhibited Mcl-1/Bim and Bcl-xL/Bim binding 15-fold (IC50 = 600 nM) and 33-fold (500 nM) more potently than (±)-marinopyrrole A (1), respectively. Fluorescence quenching, NMR analysis and molecular docking indicated binding of marinopyrroles to the BH3 binding site of Mcl-1. Several marinopyrroles potently decreased Mcl-1 cellular levels and induced caspase 3 activation in human breast cancer cells. Our studies provide novel "lead" marinopyrroles for further optimization as selective Mcl-1 inhibitors and dual Mcl-1 and Bcl-xL inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongshi Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Drug Discovery, College of Pharmacy, Cancer Genes and Molecular Regulation Program, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986805 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, United States
- Department of Drug Discovery, Chemical Biology & Molecular Medicine Program, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, United States
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs, Tampa, FL 33612, United States
| | - Chunwei Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Maria E Balasis
- Department of Drug Discovery, Chemical Biology & Molecular Medicine Program, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, United States
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Drug Discovery, College of Pharmacy, Cancer Genes and Molecular Regulation Program, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986805 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, United States
| | - Thomas P Garner
- Departments of Biochemistry and Medicine, Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Jack and Pearl Resnick Campus, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Forchheimer G46, Bronx, NY 10461, United States
| | - Kenyon G Daniel
- Department of Drug Discovery, Chemical Biology & Molecular Medicine Program, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, United States
| | - Jerry Li
- Department of Drug Discovery, Chemical Biology & Molecular Medicine Program, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, United States
| | - Yong Qin
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Evripidis Gavathiotis
- Departments of Biochemistry and Medicine, Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Jack and Pearl Resnick Campus, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Forchheimer G46, Bronx, NY 10461, United States
| | - Said M Sebti
- Department of Drug Discovery, Chemical Biology & Molecular Medicine Program, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, United States
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs, Tampa, FL 33612, United States
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Koschny R, Boehm C, Sprick MR, Haas TL, Holland H, Xu LX, Krupp W, Mueller WC, Bauer M, Koschny T, Keller M, Sinn P, Meixensberger J, Walczak H, Ganten TM. Bortezomib sensitizes primary meningioma cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis by enhancing formation of the death-inducing signaling complex. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2014; 73:1034-46. [PMID: 25289891 DOI: 10.1097/nen.0000000000000129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A meningioma is the most common primary intracranial tumor in adults. Here, we investigated the therapeutic potential of the tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) in 37 meningiomas. Freshly isolated primary meningioma cells were treated with TRAIL with or without different sensitizing protocols, and apoptotic cell death was then quantified. Mechanisms of TRAIL sensitization were determined by a combination of Western blotting, flow cytometry, receptor complex immunoprecipitation, and siRNA-mediated knockdown experiments. Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptor expression was analyzed using immunohistochemistry and quantified by an automated software-based algorithm. Primary tumor cells from 11 (29.7%) tumor samples were sensitive to TRAIL-induced apoptosis, 12 (32.4%) were intermediate TRAIL resistant, and 14 (37.8%) were completely TRAIL resistant. We tested synergistic apoptosis-inducing cotreatment strategies and determined that only the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib potently enhanced expression of the TRAIL receptors TRAIL-R1 and/or TRAIL-R2, the formation of the TRAIL death-inducing signaling complex, and activation of caspases; this treatment resulted in sensitization of all TRAIL-resistant meningioma samples to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Bortezomib pretreatment induced NOXA expression and downregulated c-FLIP, neither of which caused the TRAIL-sensitizing effect. Native TRAIL receptor expression could not predict primary TRAIL sensitivity. This first report on TRAIL sensitivity of primary meningioma cells demonstrates that TRAIL/bortezomib cotreatment may represent a novel therapeutic option for meningiomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Koschny
- From the Department of Gastroenterology, Heidelberg University Hospital (RK, TMG); German Cancer Research Center, Division of Signaling and Functional Genomics (CB); Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, Heidelberg University (CB); and HI-STEM gGmbH/German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg (MRS), Heidelberg, Germany; National Cancer Institute Regina Elena (TLH), Rome, Italy; Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine Leipzig and Faculty of Medicine (HH, L-XX) and Departments of Neurosurgery (L-XX, WK, JM) and Neuropathology (WCM, MB), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Ames Laboratory-US DOE, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa (TK); Departments of Cardiology (MK) and Pathology (PS), University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; and Centre for Cell Death, Cancer and Inflammation, UCL Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom (HW)
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90
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Efficient apoptosis and necrosis induction by proteasome inhibitor: bortezomib in the DLD-1 human colon cancer cell line. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 398:165-73. [PMID: 25292312 PMCID: PMC4229651 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2216-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The inhibition of the 26S proteasome evokes endoplasmic reticulum stress, which has been shown to be implicated in the antitumoral effects of proteasome inhibitors. The cellular and molecular effects of the proteasome inhibitor—bortezomib—on human colon cancer cells are as yet poorly characterized. Bortezomib selectively induces apoptosis in some cancer cells. However, the nature of its selectivity remains unknown. Previously, we demonstrated that, in contrast to normal fibroblasts, bortezomib treatment evoked strong effect on apoptosis of breast cancer cells incubated in hypoxic and normoxic conditions. The study presented here provides novel information on the cellular effects of bortezomib in DLD-1 colon cancer cells line. We observe twofold higher percentage of apoptotic cells incubated for 48 h with 25 and 50 nmol/l of bortezomib in hypoxic conditions and four-, fivefold increase in normoxic conditions in comparison to control cells, incubated without bortezomib. It is of interest that bortezomib evokes strong effect on necrosis of DLD-1 colon cancer cell line. We observe the sixfold increase in necrosis of DLD-1 cells incubated with 25 or 50 nmol/l of bortezomib for 48 h in hypoxia and fourfold increase in normoxic conditions in comparison to adequate controls. We suggest that bortezomib may be candidates for further evaluation as chemotherapeutic agents for human colon cancer.
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91
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Albert MC, Brinkmann K, Kashkar H. Noxa and cancer therapy: Tuning up the mitochondrial death machinery in response to chemotherapy. Mol Cell Oncol 2014; 1:e29906. [PMID: 27308315 PMCID: PMC4905168 DOI: 10.4161/mco.29906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Biochemical analyses have characterized the BH3-only protein family member Noxa as a “sensitizer” with weak pro-apoptotic activity. Investigations into cancer cell responses to chemotherapeutic agents have identified Noxa as a pivotal factor mediating the cytotoxic effect of a plethora of anticancer treatments independent of its own pro-apoptotic activity. Accumulating evidence now suggests that tumor cells exert a number of strategies to counteract Noxa function by exploiting diverse cellular regulatory circuits that normally govern Noxa expression during cellular stress responses. Here, we summarize data concerning the role of Noxa in cancer chemosensitivity and highlight the potential of this enigmatic BH3-only protein family member in current and novel anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Christine Albert
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC); Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD); University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene (IMMIH); University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - Kerstin Brinkmann
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC); Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD); University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene (IMMIH); University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - Hamid Kashkar
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC); Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD); University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene (IMMIH); University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
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92
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One siRNA pool targeting the λ constant region stops λ light-chain production and causes terminal endoplasmic reticulum stress. Blood 2014; 123:3440-51. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-10-535187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Key PointsImmunoglobulin light-chain and antibody production by plasma cells is significantly reduced by siRNA for the light-chain constant region. In plasma cells making intact antibodies, knockdown of light chains can cause terminal ER stress because of unpaired heavy chains.
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93
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Abulwerdi FA, Liao C, Mady AS, Gavin J, Shen C, Cierpicki T, Stuckey JA, Showalter HDH, Nikolovska-Coleska Z. 3-Substituted-N-(4-hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl)arylsulfonamides as a novel class of selective Mcl-1 inhibitors: structure-based design, synthesis, SAR, and biological evaluation. J Med Chem 2014; 57:4111-33. [PMID: 24749893 PMCID: PMC4033665 DOI: 10.1021/jm500010b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Mcl-1, an antiapoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family of proteins, is a validated and attractive target for cancer therapy. Overexpression of Mcl-1 in many cancers results in disease progression and resistance to current chemotherapeutics. Utilizing high-throughput screening, compound 1 was identified as a selective Mcl-1 inhibitor and its binding to the BH3 binding groove of Mcl-1 was confirmed by several different, but complementary, biochemical and biophysical assays. Guided by structure-based drug design and supported by NMR experiments, comprehensive SAR studies were undertaken and a potent and selective inhibitor, compound 21, was designed which binds to Mcl-1 with a Ki of 180 nM. Biological characterization of 21 showed that it disrupts the interaction of endogenous Mcl-1 and biotinylated Noxa-BH3 peptide, causes cell death through a Bak/Bax-dependent mechanism, and selectively sensitizes Eμ-myc lymphomas overexpressing Mcl-1, but not Eμ-myc lymphoma cells overexpressing Bcl-2. Treatment of human leukemic cell lines with compound 21 resulted in cell death through activation of caspase-3 and induction of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fardokht A Abulwerdi
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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94
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Goy A, Hernandez-Ilzaliturri FJ, Kahl B, Ford P, Protomastro E, Berger M. A phase I/II study of the pan Bcl-2 inhibitor obatoclax mesylate plus bortezomib for relapsed or refractory mantle cell lymphoma. Leuk Lymphoma 2014; 55:2761-8. [PMID: 24679008 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2014.907891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Obatoclax, a BH3 mimetic inhibitor of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins, demonstrates synergy with bortezomib in preclinical models of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). This phase I/II study assessed obatoclax plus bortezomib in patients with relapsed/refractory MCL. Twenty-three patients received obatoclax 30 or 45 mg plus bortezomib 1.0 or 1.3 mg/m(2), administered intravenously on days 1, 4, 8 and 11 of a 21-day cycle. In phase I, the combination was feasible at all doses. Obatoclax 45 mg plus bortezomib 1.3 mg/m(2) was selected for phase II study. Common adverse events were somnolence (87%), fatigue (61%) and euphoric mood (57%), all primarily grade 1/2. Grade 3/4 events included thrombocytopenia (21%), anemia (13%) and fatigue (13%). Objective responses occurred in 4/13 (31%) evaluable patients (three complete and one partial response). Six patients (46%) had stable disease lasting ≥ 8 weeks. Obatoclax plus bortezomib was feasible, but the synergy demonstrated in preclinical models was not confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Goy
- John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center , Hackensack, NJ , USA
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95
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Anticancer compound Oplopantriol A kills cancer cells through inducing ER stress and BH3 proteins Bim and Noxa. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1190. [PMID: 24763047 PMCID: PMC4001317 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Oplopantriol-A (OPT) is a natural polyyne from Oplopanax horridus. We show here that OPT preferentially kills cancer cells and inhibits tumor growth. We demonstrate that OPT-induced cancer cell death is mediated by excessive endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Decreasing the level of ER stress either by inactivating components of the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway or by expression of ER chaperone protein glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) decreases OPT-induced cell death. We show that OPT induces the accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins and the stabilization of unstable proteins, suggesting that OPT functions, at least in part, through interfering with the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway. In support of this, inhibition of protein synthesis significantly decreased the accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins, which is correlated with significantly decreased OPT-induced ER stress and cell death. Finally, we show that OPT treatment significantly induced the expression of BH3-only proteins, Noxa and Bim. Knockdown of both Noxa and Bim significantly blocked OPT-induced cell death. Taken together, our results suggest that OPT is a potential new anticancer agent that induces cancer cell death through inducing ER stress and BH3 proteins Noxa and Bim.
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96
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Kubiczkova L, Pour L, Sedlarikova L, Hajek R, Sevcikova S. Proteasome inhibitors - molecular basis and current perspectives in multiple myeloma. J Cell Mol Med 2014; 18:947-61. [PMID: 24712303 PMCID: PMC4508135 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of proteasome, a proteolytic complex responsible for the degradation of ubiquitinated proteins, has emerged as a powerful strategy for treatment of multiple myeloma (MM), a plasma cell malignancy. First-in-class agent, bortezomib, has demonstrated great positive therapeutic efficacy in MM, both in pre-clinical and in clinical studies. However, despite its high efficiency, a large proportion of patients do not achieve sufficient clinical response. Therefore, the development of a second-generation of proteasome inhibitors (PIs) with improved pharmacological properties was needed. Recently, several of these new agents have been introduced into clinics including carfilzomib, marizomib and ixazomib. Further, new orally administered second-generation PI oprozomib is being investigated. This review provides an overview of main mechanisms of action of PIs in MM, focusing on the ongoing development and progress of novel anti-proteasome therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Kubiczkova
- Babak Myeloma Group, Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Clinical Hematology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
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97
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Small molecule MIRA-1 induces in vitro and in vivo anti-myeloma activity and synergizes with current anti-myeloma agents. Br J Cancer 2014; 110:2224-31. [PMID: 24691427 PMCID: PMC4007239 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Small molecule MIRA-1 induced mutant p53-dependent apoptosis in several types of solid tumours. However, anti-tumour activity of MIRA-1 in haematological malignancies including multiple myeloma (MM) is unknown. In this study, we evaluated the effect of MIRA-1 in MM. Methods: We examined the anti-tumour activity of MIRA-1 alone or in combination with current anti-myeloma agents in a panel of MM cell lines, primary MM samples, and in a mouse xenograft model of MM. Results: MIRA-1 treatment resulted in the inhibition of viability, colony formation, and migration and increase in apoptosis of MM cells irrespective of p53 status accompanied by upregulation of Puma and Bax and downregulation of Mcl-1 and c-Myc. Genetic knockdown of p53 did not abrogate apoptotic response of MIRA-1. MIRA-1 triggered activation of PERK and IRE-α leading to splicing of XBP1 indicating an association of endoplasmic reticulum stress response. Furthermore, combined treatment of MIRA-1 with dexamethasone, doxorubicin or velcade displayed synergistic response in MM cells. Importantly, MIRA-1 alone or in combination with dexamethasone retarded tumour growth and prolonged survival without showing any untoward toxicity in the mice bearing MM tumour. Conclusions: Our data provide the preclinical framework for clinical evaluation of MIRA-1 as a novel therapeutic agent to improve patient outcome in MM.
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98
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Targeting the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway: a preferred approach in hematologic malignancies? Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1098. [PMID: 24603326 PMCID: PMC3973243 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Acquired resistance toward apoptosis represents one of the hallmarks of human cancer and a major cause of the inefficacy of most anticancer treatment regimens. Based on its ability to inhibit apoptosis, the B-cell lymphoma/leukemia 2 (Bcl-2) protein family has garnered the most attention as a promising therapeutic target in cancer. Accordingly, efforts have lately been focused on the development of drugs targeting Bcl-2 proteins with considerable therapeutic success, particularly in hematologic malignancies. Here, we review the previous studies and highlight the pivotal role of the Bcl-2 protein family in the homeostasis of hematologic tissue compartment. This knowledge provides more insight into why some cancers are more sensitive to Bcl-2 targeting than others and will foster the clinical evaluation of Bcl-2-targeting strategies in cancer by avoiding severe on-target side effects in the development of healthy tissues.
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99
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Pei XY, Dai Y, Felthousen J, Chen S, Takabatake Y, Zhou L, Youssefian LE, Sanderson MW, Bodie WW, Kramer LB, Orlowski RZ, Grant S. Circumvention of Mcl-1-dependent drug resistance by simultaneous Chk1 and MEK1/2 inhibition in human multiple myeloma cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89064. [PMID: 24594907 PMCID: PMC3942309 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The anti-apoptotic protein Mcl-1 plays a major role in multiple myeloma (MM) cell survival as well as bortezomib- and microenvironmental forms of drug resistance in this disease. Consequently, there is a critical need for strategies capable of targeting Mcl-1-dependent drug resistance in MM. The present results indicate that a regimen combining Chk1 with MEK1/2 inhibitors effectively kills cells displaying multiple forms of drug resistance stemming from Mcl-1 up-regulation in association with direct transcriptional Mcl-1 down-regulation and indirect disabling of Mcl-1 anti-apoptotic function through Bim up-regulation and increased Bim/Mcl-1 binding. These actions release Bak from Mcl-1, accompanied by Bak/Bax activation. Analogous events were observed in both drug-naïve and acquired bortezomib-resistant MM cells displaying increased Mcl-1 but diminished Bim expression, or cells ectopically expressing Mcl-1. Moreover, concomitant Chk1 and MEK1/2 inhibition blocked Mcl-1 up-regulation induced by IL-6/IGF-1 or co-culture with stromal cells, effectively overcoming microenvironment-related drug resistance. Finally, this regimen down-regulated Mcl-1 and robustly killed primary CD138+ MM cells, but not normal hematopoietic cells. Together, these findings provide novel evidence that this targeted combination strategy could be effective in the setting of multiple forms of Mcl-1-related drug resistance in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yan Pei
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University and the Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Yun Dai
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University and the Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Jessica Felthousen
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University and the Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Shuang Chen
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University and the Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Yukie Takabatake
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University and the Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Liang Zhou
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University and the Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Leena E. Youssefian
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University and the Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Michael W. Sanderson
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University and the Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Wesley W. Bodie
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University and the Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Lora B. Kramer
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University and the Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Robert Z. Orlowski
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Steven Grant
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University and the Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University and the Massey Cancer Center and Institute of Molecular Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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100
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Hypoxia enhances the senescence effect of bortezomib--the proteasome inhibitor--on human skin fibroblasts. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:196249. [PMID: 24605321 PMCID: PMC3925537 DOI: 10.1155/2014/196249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The 26S proteasome inhibitor, bortezomib, selectively induces apoptosis in some cancer cells. However, the nature of its selectivity remains unknown. The study presented here provides novel information on cellular effects of bortezomib in normal fibroblasts. We have found that in normoxic conditions the percent of apoptotic cells did not change significantly, independently on incubation time and examined concentration of bortezomib (25 nmol/L or 50 nmol/L). In hypoxic conditions we did not observe any effect of bortezomib on apoptosis of fibroblasts incubated for 24 h and 48 h in comparison to control. Only in the case of fibroblasts incubated for 12 hours in hypoxia significant increase in apoptosis, dependent on concentration of bortezomib, was observed. Our study has shown that bortezomib causes a time-dependent increase in senescence of normal fibroblasts, especially of these incubated in hypoxic conditions. Moreover, we demonstrated that oxygen regulated protein 150 (ORP150) expression was induced in fibroblasts in hypoxia conditions only, suggesting that this protein may play an important role in the cytoprotective response to environmental stress.
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