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Trogisch FA, Abouissa A, Keles M, Birke A, Fuhrmann M, Dittrich GM, Weinzierl N, Wink E, Cordero J, Elsherbiny A, Martin-Garrido A, Grein S, Hemanna S, Hofmann E, Nicin L, Bibli SI, Airik R, Kispert A, Kist R, Quanchao S, Kürschner SW, Winkler M, Gretz N, Mogler C, Korff T, Koch PS, Dimmeler S, Dobreva G, Heineke J. Endothelial cells drive organ fibrosis in mice by inducing expression of the transcription factor SOX9. Sci Transl Med 2024; 16:eabq4581. [PMID: 38416842 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abq4581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Fibrosis is a hallmark of chronic disease. Although fibroblasts are involved, it is unclear to what extent endothelial cells also might contribute. We detected increased expression of the transcription factor Sox9 in endothelial cells in several different mouse fibrosis models. These models included systolic heart failure induced by pressure overload, diastolic heart failure induced by high-fat diet and nitric oxide synthase inhibition, pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin treatment, and liver fibrosis due to a choline-deficient diet. We also observed up-regulation of endothelial SOX9 in cardiac tissue from patients with heart failure. To test whether SOX9 induction was sufficient to cause disease, we generated mice with endothelial cell-specific overexpression of Sox9, which promoted fibrosis in multiple organs and resulted in signs of heart failure. Endothelial Sox9 deletion prevented fibrosis and organ dysfunction in the two mouse models of heart failure as well as in the lung and liver fibrosis mouse models. Bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing of mouse endothelial cells across multiple vascular beds revealed that SOX9 induced extracellular matrix, growth factor, and inflammatory gene expression, leading to matrix deposition by endothelial cells. Moreover, mouse endothelial cells activated neighboring fibroblasts that then migrated and deposited matrix in response to SOX9, a process partly mediated by the secreted growth factor CCN2, a direct SOX9 target; endothelial cell-specific Sox9 deletion reversed these changes. These findings suggest a role for endothelial SOX9 as a fibrosis-promoting factor in different mouse organs during disease and imply that endothelial cells are an important regulator of fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix A Trogisch
- ECAS (European Center for Angioscience), Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Mannheim Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- CFPM (Core Facility Platform Mannheim), Cardiac Imaging Center, Mannheim Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Aya Abouissa
- ECAS (European Center for Angioscience), Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Mannheim Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- CFPM (Core Facility Platform Mannheim), Cardiac Imaging Center, Mannheim Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Merve Keles
- ECAS (European Center for Angioscience), Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Mannheim Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- CFPM (Core Facility Platform Mannheim), Cardiac Imaging Center, Mannheim Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Anne Birke
- ECAS (European Center for Angioscience), Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Mannheim Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Manuela Fuhrmann
- ECAS (European Center for Angioscience), Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Mannheim Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Gesine M Dittrich
- ECAS (European Center for Angioscience), Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Mannheim Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Nina Weinzierl
- ECAS (European Center for Angioscience), Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Mannheim Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Elvira Wink
- ECAS (European Center for Angioscience), Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Mannheim Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Julio Cordero
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- ECAS, Department of Cardiovascular Genomics and Epigenomics, Mannheim Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Adel Elsherbiny
- ECAS, Department of Cardiovascular Genomics and Epigenomics, Mannheim Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Abel Martin-Garrido
- ECAS (European Center for Angioscience), Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Mannheim Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Steve Grein
- ECAS (European Center for Angioscience), Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Mannheim Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Shruthi Hemanna
- ECAS (European Center for Angioscience), Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Mannheim Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ellen Hofmann
- ECAS (European Center for Angioscience), Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Mannheim Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Luka Nicin
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Cardiopulmonary Institute, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- DZHK, partner site Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sofia-Iris Bibli
- Cardiopulmonary Institute, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- DZHK, partner site Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Institute of Vascular Signaling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Rannar Airik
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Kispert
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ralf Kist
- School of Dental Sciences, Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4BW, UK
| | - Sun Quanchao
- Medical Research Center, Mannheim Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sina W Kürschner
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, and Center of Excellence in Dermatology, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- ECAS, Adjunct Faculty, Mannheim Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Manuel Winkler
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, and Center of Excellence in Dermatology, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- ECAS, Adjunct Faculty, Mannheim Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Norbert Gretz
- Medical Research Center, Mannheim Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Carolin Mogler
- Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Korff
- ECAS, Adjunct Faculty, Mannheim Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philipp-Sebastian Koch
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, and Center of Excellence in Dermatology, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- ECAS, Adjunct Faculty, Mannheim Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stefanie Dimmeler
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Cardiopulmonary Institute, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- DZHK, partner site Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Gergana Dobreva
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- ECAS, Department of Cardiovascular Genomics and Epigenomics, Mannheim Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Joerg Heineke
- ECAS (European Center for Angioscience), Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Mannheim Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- CFPM (Core Facility Platform Mannheim), Cardiac Imaging Center, Mannheim Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
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Taylor J, Uhl L, Moll I, Hasan SS, Wiedmann L, Morgenstern J, Giaimo BD, Friedrich T, Alsina-Sanchis E, De Angelis Rigotti F, Mülfarth R, Kaltenbach S, Schenk D, Nickel F, Fleming T, Sprinzak D, Mogler C, Korff T, Billeter AT, Müller-Stich BP, Berriel Diaz M, Borggrefe T, Herzig S, Rohm M, Rodriguez-Vita J, Fischer A. Endothelial Notch1 signaling in white adipose tissue promotes cancer cachexia. Nat Cancer 2023; 4:1544-1560. [PMID: 37749321 PMCID: PMC10663158 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-023-00622-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Cachexia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in individuals with cancer and is characterized by weight loss due to adipose and muscle tissue wasting. Hallmarks of white adipose tissue (WAT) remodeling, which often precedes weight loss, are impaired lipid storage, inflammation and eventually fibrosis. Tissue wasting occurs in response to tumor-secreted factors. Considering that the continuous endothelium in WAT is the first line of contact with circulating factors, we postulated whether the endothelium itself may orchestrate tissue remodeling. Here, we show using human and mouse cancer models that during precachexia, tumors overactivate Notch1 signaling in distant WAT endothelium. Sustained endothelial Notch1 signaling induces a WAT wasting phenotype in male mice through excessive retinoic acid production. Pharmacological blockade of retinoic acid signaling was sufficient to inhibit WAT wasting in a mouse cancer cachexia model. This demonstrates that cancer manipulates the endothelium at distant sites to mediate WAT wasting by altering angiocrine signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Taylor
- Division Vascular Signaling and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Leonie Uhl
- Division Vascular Signaling and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Theodor Boveri Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Iris Moll
- Division Vascular Signaling and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sana Safatul Hasan
- Division Vascular Signaling and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lena Wiedmann
- Division Vascular Signaling and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jakob Morgenstern
- Department of Internal Medicine Endocrinology and Clinical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Tobias Friedrich
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Biomedical Informatics and Systems Medicine, Science Unit for Basic and Clinical Medicine, Giessen, Germany
| | - Elisenda Alsina-Sanchis
- Division Vascular Signaling and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Francesca De Angelis Rigotti
- Division Vascular Signaling and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Tumor-Stroma Communication Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ronja Mülfarth
- Division Vascular Signaling and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sarah Kaltenbach
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Darius Schenk
- Division Vascular Signaling and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Nickel
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Fleming
- Department of Internal Medicine Endocrinology and Clinical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center of Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - David Sprinzak
- School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Carolin Mogler
- Institute of Pathology, Technical University of Munich School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Korff
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Adrian T Billeter
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Beat P Müller-Stich
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mauricio Berriel Diaz
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Unit, Department of Inner Medicine I, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tilman Borggrefe
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Stephan Herzig
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Unit, Department of Inner Medicine I, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Chair Molecular Metabolic Control, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maria Rohm
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Unit, Department of Inner Medicine I, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Juan Rodriguez-Vita
- Division Vascular Signaling and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
- Tumor-Stroma Communication Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Andreas Fischer
- Division Vascular Signaling and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
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Remes A, Kasap P, Schmiedel N, Hille S, Matzen A, Michalewski S, Laban H, Hecker M, Frey N, Korff T, Frank D, Mueller OJ. Regnase-1 overexpression as a novel gene therapy approach for pulmonary hypertension. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.3064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a chronic disease characterized by persistently increases pulmonary arterial pressure, leading on the long term to right ventricular overload and ultimately right heart failure. Until now, therapy focuses on alleviating symptoms and hence the development of a novel strategy for the treatment of this disease remains highly relevant.
Purpose
The importance of pro-inflammatory cytokines in progression of PH has already been established. Interestingly, patients with increased plasma levels of inflammatory markers present with more severe disease. Regnase-1 is a newly identified endoribonuclease cleaving the mRNA of pro-inflammatory cytokines therefore diminishing their levels of expression. Hence, we hypothesize that regnase-1 overexpression in lung tissue can be translated into a novel therapeutic approach for PH.
Methods
In vitro experiments were performed in human lung endothelial cells (HUVECs). For our in vivo study, mice were subjected to hypoxic conditions (10% O2) for 3 weeks. Regnase-1 overexpression was achieved in lung endothelial cells by transduction with targeted adeno-associated virus serotype 2 (AAV2-ESGHGYF), administered systemically by tail vein injection 3 days after exposure to hypoxia (early therapy approach). AAV2-EGFP treated mice served as controls. Right ventricular function was monitored by echocardiography and right ventricular systolic pressure was measured by right heart catheterization. The degree of pro-inflammatory cell infiltration was monitored by immunohistochemistry. Induction of fetal gene programme in the right ventricle was measured by real time qPCR. Fibrosis deposition in lung tissue was determined by Sirius Red staining of frozen sections.
Results
Regnase-1 overexpression led to a significantly decreased level of hypoxia-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines in HUVECs. Importantly, we could show decreased regnase-1 levels in lung endothelial cells of mice subjected to hypoxia for 3 weeks. On the other hand, regnase-1 reintroduction led to a significant improvement in right ventricular function and decreased pulmonary pressure in mice placed under hypoxic conditions. Moreover, the described gene therapy approach induced normalization of fetal gene programme in the cardiac tissue and reduced pro-inflammatory cell infiltration in lungs. Additionally, we could determine mitigation of pulmonary extracellular matrix deposition and fibrosis development in mice receiving AAV2-regnase1 as compared to controls.
Conclusion
AAV-mediated regnase-1 overexpression in lung endothelial cells results in amelioration of pathological events leading to PH in mice subjected to hypoxia, when the therapeutic AAV is delivered 3 days after disease induction. Further experiments will determine whether this method can be successful used for reversing already established PH.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): DZHK
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Affiliation(s)
- A Remes
- Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel , Kiel , Germany
| | - P Kasap
- Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel , Kiel , Germany
| | - N Schmiedel
- Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel , Kiel , Germany
| | - S Hille
- Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel , Kiel , Germany
| | - A Matzen
- Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel , Kiel , Germany
| | - S Michalewski
- Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel , Kiel , Germany
| | - H Laban
- University of Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - M Hecker
- University of Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - N Frey
- University Hospital of Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - T Korff
- University Hospital of Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - D Frank
- Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel , Kiel , Germany
| | - O J Mueller
- Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel , Kiel , Germany
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Remes A, Körbelin J, Arnold C, Rohwedder C, Heckmann MB, Mairbauerl H, Frank D, Korff T, Frey N, Trepel M, Müller OJ. AAV-mediated gene transfer of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) to an animal model of pulmonary hypertension. Hum Gene Ther 2022; 33:959-967. [PMID: 35850528 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2021.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is characterized by progressive obstruction of pulmonary arteries due to inflammatory processes, cellular proliferation, and extracellular matrix deposition and vasoconstriction. As treatment options are limited, we studied gene transfer of an inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) using adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors specifically targeted to endothelial cells of pulmonary vessels in a murine model of PH. Adult mice were intravenously injected with AAV vectors expressing iNOS. Mice were subjected to hypoxia for three weeks and sacrificed afterwards. We found elevated levels of iNOS both in lung tissue and pulmonary endothelial cells in hypoxic controls which could be further increased by AAV-mediated iNOS gene transfer. This additional increase in iNOS was associated with decreased wall thickness of pulmonary vessels, less macrophage infiltration, and reduced molecular markers of fibrosis. Taken together, using a tissue-targeted approach, we show that AAV-mediated iNOS overexpression in endothelial cells of the pulmonary vasculature significantly decreases vascular remodeling in a murine model of PH, suggesting upregulation of iNOS as promising target for treatment of PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Remes
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Kiel, and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany, Kiel, Germany;
| | - Jakob Körbelin
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Martinistr. 52, Division of Pneumology, Hamburg, Germany, 20246;
| | - Caroline Arnold
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Germany, Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Carolin Rohwedder
- Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany, and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Markus Benjamin Heckmann
- Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany, and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Heimo Mairbauerl
- Medical Clinic VII, Heidelberg University, Germany and Translational Lung Research Center, part of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Heidelberg, Germany, Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Derk Frank
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Kiel, and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany, Kiel, Germany;
| | - Thomas Korff
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Germany, Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Norbert Frey
- Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany, and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Martin Trepel
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf Germany, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Augsburg, Germany, Ausburg, Germany;
| | - Oliver J Müller
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Kiel, and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany, Kiel, Germany;
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Laban H, Siegmund S, Zappe M, Trogisch FA, Heineke J, Torre CDL, Fisslthaler B, Arnold C, Lauryn J, Büttner M, Mogler C, Kato K, Adams RH, Kuk H, Fischer A, Hecker M, Kuebler WM, Korff T. NFAT5/TonEBP Limits Pulmonary Vascular Resistance in the Hypoxic Lung by Controlling Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species Generation in Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123293. [PMID: 34943801 PMCID: PMC8699676 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hypoxia increases the resistance of pulmonary arteries by stimulating their contraction and augmenting their coverage by smooth muscle cells (SMCs). While these responses require adjustment of the vascular SMC transcriptome, regulatory elements are not well defined in this context. Here, we explored the functional role of the transcription factor nuclear factor of activated T-cells 5 (NFAT5/TonEBP) in the hypoxic lung. Regulatory functions of NFAT5 were investigated in cultured artery SMCs and lungs from control (Nfat5fl/fl) and SMC-specific Nfat5-deficient (Nfat5(SMC)−/−) mice. Exposure to hypoxia promoted the expression of genes associated with metabolism and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in Nfat5(SMC)−/− versus Nfat5fl/fl lungs. In vitro, hypoxia-exposed Nfat5-deficient pulmonary artery SMCs elevated the level of OXPHOS-related transcripts, mitochondrial respiration, and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Right ventricular functions were impaired while pulmonary right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) was amplified in hypoxia-exposed Nfat5(SMC)−/− versus Nfat5fl/fl mice. Scavenging of mitochondrial ROS normalized the raise in RVSP. Our findings suggest a critical role for NFAT5 as a suppressor of OXPHOS-associated gene expression, mitochondrial respiration, and ROS production in pulmonary artery SMCs that is vital to limit ROS-dependent arterial resistance in a hypoxic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hebatullah Laban
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (H.L.); (S.S.); (M.Z.); (C.A.); (M.H.)
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung e.V. (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sophia Siegmund
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (H.L.); (S.S.); (M.Z.); (C.A.); (M.H.)
| | - Maren Zappe
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (H.L.); (S.S.); (M.Z.); (C.A.); (M.H.)
| | - Felix A. Trogisch
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Mannheim Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (F.A.T.); (J.H.)
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Jörg Heineke
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Mannheim Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (F.A.T.); (J.H.)
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Carolina De La Torre
- NGS Core Facility, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Beate Fisslthaler
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, 60323 Frankfurt, Germany;
- German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site RheinMain, Frankfurt am Main, 60323 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Caroline Arnold
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (H.L.); (S.S.); (M.Z.); (C.A.); (M.H.)
| | - Jonathan Lauryn
- Institute of Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, 10099 Berlin, Germany; (J.L.); (W.M.K.)
| | - Michael Büttner
- Metabolomics Core Technology Platform, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Carolin Mogler
- Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, 80333 Munich, Germany;
| | - Katsuhiro Kato
- Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Faculty of Medicine, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (K.K.); (R.H.A.)
| | - Ralf H. Adams
- Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Faculty of Medicine, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (K.K.); (R.H.A.)
| | - Hanna Kuk
- The Ottawa Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada;
| | - Andreas Fischer
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- Division Vascular Signaling and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Hecker
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (H.L.); (S.S.); (M.Z.); (C.A.); (M.H.)
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung e.V. (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang M. Kuebler
- Institute of Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, 10099 Berlin, Germany; (J.L.); (W.M.K.)
| | - Thomas Korff
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (H.L.); (S.S.); (M.Z.); (C.A.); (M.H.)
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-6221-544131; Fax: +49-6221-544038
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Kappert L, Ruzicka P, Kutikhin A, De La Torre C, Fischer A, Hecker M, Arnold C, Korff T. Loss of Nfat5 promotes lipid accumulation in vascular smooth muscle cells. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21831. [PMID: 34383982 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100682r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear factor of activated T-cells 5 (NFAT5) is a transcriptional regulator of macrophage activation and T-cell development, which controls stabilizing responses of cells to hypertonic and biomechanical stress. In this study, we detected NFAT5 in the media layer of arteries adjacent to human arteriosclerotic plaques and analyzed its role in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) known to contribute to arteriosclerosis through the uptake of lipids and transformation into foam cells. Exposure of both human and mouse VSMCs to cholesterol stimulated the nuclear translocation of NFAT5 and increased the expression of the ATP-binding cassette transporter Abca1, required to regulate cholesterol efflux from cells. Loss of Nfat5 promoted cholesterol accumulation in these cells and inhibited the expression of genes involved in the management of oxidative stress or lipid handling, such as Sod1, Plin2, Fabp3, and Ppard. The functional relevance of these observations was subsequently investigated in mice fed a high-fat diet upon induction of a smooth muscle cell-specific genetic ablation of Nfat5 (Nfat5(SMC)-/- ). Under these conditions, Nfat5(SMC)-/- but not Nfat5fl/fl mice developed small, focal lipid-rich lesions in the aorta after 14 and 25 weeks, which were formed by intracellular lipid droplets deposited in the sub-intimal VSMCs layer. While known for being activated by external stimuli, NFAT5 was found to mediate the expression of VSMC genes associated with the handling of lipids in response to a cholesterol-rich environment. Failure of this protective function may promote the formation of lipid-laden arterial VSMCs and pro-atherogenic vascular responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Kappert
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philipp Ruzicka
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anton Kutikhin
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russian Federation
| | - Carolina De La Torre
- Center of Medical Research, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Fischer
- Division Vascular Signaling and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine I, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Hecker
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Caroline Arnold
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Korff
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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Demirel E, Arnold C, Garg J, Jäger MA, Sticht C, Li R, Kuk H, Wettschureck N, Hecker M, Korff T. RGS5 Attenuates Baseline Activity of ERK1/2 and Promotes Growth Arrest of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Cells 2021; 10:1748. [PMID: 34359918 PMCID: PMC8306326 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulator of G-protein signaling 5 (RGS5) acts as an inhibitor of Gαq/11 and Gαi/o activity in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), which regulate arterial tone and blood pressure. While RGS5 has been described as a crucial determinant regulating the VSMC responses during various vascular remodeling processes, its regulatory features in resting VSMCs and its impact on their phenotype are still under debate and were subject of this study. While Rgs5 shows a variable expression in mouse arteries, neither global nor SMC-specific genetic ablation of Rgs5 affected the baseline blood pressure yet elevated the phosphorylation level of the MAP kinase ERK1/2. Comparable results were obtained with 3D cultured resting VSMCs. In contrast, overexpression of RGS5 in 2D-cultured proliferating VSMCs promoted their resting state as evidenced by microarray-based expression profiling and attenuated the activity of Akt- and MAP kinase-related signaling cascades. Moreover, RGS5 overexpression attenuated ERK1/2 phosphorylation, VSMC proliferation, and migration, which was mimicked by selectively inhibiting Gαi/o but not Gαq/11 activity. Collectively, the heterogeneous expression of Rgs5 suggests arterial blood vessel type-specific functions in mouse VSMCs. This comprises inhibition of acute agonist-induced Gαq/11/calcium release as well as the support of a resting VSMC phenotype with low ERK1/2 activity by suppressing the activity of Gαi/o.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eda Demirel
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Caroline Arnold
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jaspal Garg
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marius Andreas Jäger
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carsten Sticht
- NGS Core Facility, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Hanna Kuk
- The Ottawa Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Nina Wettschureck
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Markus Hecker
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Korff
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
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8
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de Aguiar Greca JP, Korff T, Ryan J. Associations Between Children's Physical Activity, Pain and Injuries. Percept Mot Skills 2021; 128:1959-1974. [PMID: 34187240 PMCID: PMC8414821 DOI: 10.1177/00315125211028455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Our aim in this study was to investigate the relationships between physical
activity (PA), pain, and injury among children. Secondarily, we examined whether
these relationships differed between children with normal versus excessive
weight or obesity. This was a cross-sectional study of 102 children (57 girls)
aged 8–12 years old. We assessed the prevalence of moderate and vigorous PA
using accelerometry over a seven-day period. We examined the associations
between moderate PA, vigorous PA, pain presence, and injury presence using
generalized estimating equations with a logit link and binomial distribution. We
adjusted the obtained models for potential confounders and explored the
moderating effect of weight status. We found no association between moderate PA
and pain, but time spent in vigorous PA was associated with pain. Neither
moderate or vigorous PA were associated with injury, and there was no moderating
effect of weight status in these relationships. In summary, we found that
objectively measured vigorous PA is associated with pain among 8–12 year old
children. While these results should be replicated in longitudinal studies, they
suggest that an association between vigorous PA and pain should be considered
when developing PA interventions for children.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Paulo de Aguiar Greca
- College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, UK.,Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Jennifer Ryan
- College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, UK.,Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
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Rahm AK, Gramlich D, Wieder T, Müller ME, Schoeffel A, El Tahry FA, Most P, Heimberger T, Sandke S, Weis T, Ullrich ND, Korff T, Lugenbiel P, Katus HA, Thomas D. Trigger-Specific Remodeling of K Ca2 Potassium Channels in Models of Atrial Fibrillation. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2021; 14:579-590. [PMID: 34045886 PMCID: PMC8144362 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s290291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Effective antiarrhythmic treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF) constitutes a major challenge, in particular, when concomitant heart failure (HF) is present. HF-associated atrial arrhythmogenesis is distinctly characterized by prolonged atrial refractoriness. Small-conductance, calcium-activated K+ (KCa, SK, KCNN) channels contribute to cardiac action potential repolarization and are implicated in AF susceptibility and therapy. The mechanistic impact of AF/HF-related triggers on atrial KCa channels is not known. We hypothesized that tachycardia, stretch, β-adrenergic stimulation, and hypoxia differentially determine KCa2.1-2.3 channel remodeling in atrial cells. METHODS KCNN1-3 transcript levels were assessed in AF/HF patients and in a pig model of atrial tachypacing-induced AF with reduced left ventricular function. HL-1 atrial myocytes were subjected to proarrhythmic triggers to investigate the effects on Kcnn mRNA and KCa channel protein. RESULTS Atrial KCNN1-3 expression was reduced in AF/HF patients. KCNN2 and KCNN3 suppression was recapitulated in the corresponding pig model. In contrast to human AF, KCNN1 remained unchanged in pigs. Channel- and stressor-specific remodeling was revealed in vitro. Lower expression levels of KCNN1/KCa2.1 were linked to stretch and β-adrenergic stimulation. Furthermore, KCNN3/KCa2.3 expression was suppressed upon tachypacing and hypoxia. Finally, KCNN2/KCa2.2 abundance was specifically enhanced by hypoxia. CONCLUSION Reduction of KCa2.1-2.3 channel expression might contribute to the action potential prolongation in AF complicated by HF. Subtype-specific KCa2 channel remodeling induced by tachypacing, stretch, β-adrenergic stimulation, or hypoxia is expected to differentially determine atrial remodeling, depending on patient-specific activation of each triggering factor. Stressor-dependent KCa2 regulation in atrial myocytes provides a starting point for mechanism-based antiarrhythmic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Kathrin Rahm
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
- HCR (Heidelberg Center for Heart Rhythm Disorders), University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Dominik Gramlich
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
- HCR (Heidelberg Center for Heart Rhythm Disorders), University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Teresa Wieder
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
- HCR (Heidelberg Center for Heart Rhythm Disorders), University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Mara Elena Müller
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
- HCR (Heidelberg Center for Heart Rhythm Disorders), University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Axel Schoeffel
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
- HCR (Heidelberg Center for Heart Rhythm Disorders), University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Fadwa A El Tahry
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Patrick Most
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
- HCR (Heidelberg Center for Heart Rhythm Disorders), University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Tanja Heimberger
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Steffi Sandke
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Tanja Weis
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Nina D Ullrich
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Thomas Korff
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, 68167, Germany
| | - Patrick Lugenbiel
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
- HCR (Heidelberg Center for Heart Rhythm Disorders), University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Hugo A Katus
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
- HCR (Heidelberg Center for Heart Rhythm Disorders), University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Dierk Thomas
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
- HCR (Heidelberg Center for Heart Rhythm Disorders), University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
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10
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Kohlhaas J, Jäger MA, Lust L, De La Torre C, Hecker M, Korff T. Endothelial cells control vascular smooth muscle cell cholesterol levels by regulating 24-dehydrocholesterol reductase expression. Exp Cell Res 2021; 399:112446. [PMID: 33422461 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Communication of vascular cells is essential for the control of organotypic functions of blood vessels. In this context, vascular endothelial cells (EC) act as potent regulators of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) functions such as contraction and relaxation. However, the impact of ECs on the gene expression pattern of VSMCs is largely unknown. Here, we investigated changes of the VSMC transcriptome by utilizing 3D human vascular organoids organized as a core of VSMCs enclosed by a monolayer of ECs. Microarray-based analyses indicated that interaction with ECs for 48 h down-regulates expression of genes in VSMCs controlling rate-limiting steps of the cholesterol biosynthesis such as HMGCR, HMGCS1, DHCR24 and DHCR7. Protein analyses revealed a decrease in the abundance of DHCR24 (24-dehydrocholesterol reductase) and lower cholesterol levels in VSMCs co-cultured with ECs. On the functional level, the blockade of the DHCR24 activity impaired adhesion, migration and proliferation of VSMCs. Collectively, these findings indicate that ECs have the capacity to instruct VSMCs to shut down the expression of DHCR24 thereby limiting their cholesterol biosynthesis, which may support their functional steady state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Kohlhaas
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Marius Andreas Jäger
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Leandra Lust
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Carolina De La Torre
- Center of Medical Research, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Markus Hecker
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Thomas Korff
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, Germany; European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany.
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11
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Ryan JM, Lavelle G, Theis N, Noorkoiv M, Kilbride C, Korff T, Baltzopoulos V, Shortland A, Levin W. Progressive resistance training for adolescents with cerebral palsy: the STAR randomized controlled trial. Dev Med Child Neurol 2020; 62:1283-1293. [PMID: 32588919 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.14601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the effect of progressive resistance training of the ankle plantarflexors on gait efficiency, activity, and participation in adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP). METHOD Sixty-four adolescents (10-19y; 27 females, 37 males; Gross Motor Function Classification System [GMFCS] levels I-III) were randomized to 30 sessions of resistance training (10 supervised and 20 unsupervised home sessions) over 10 weeks or usual care. The primary outcome was gait efficiency indicated by net nondimensional oxygen cost (NNcost). Secondary outcomes included physical activity, gross motor function, participation, muscle strength, muscle and tendon size, and muscle and tendon stiffness. Analysis was intention-to-treat. RESULTS Median attendance at the 10 supervised sessions was 80% (range 40-100%). There was no between-group difference in NNcost at 10 (mean difference: 0.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.07 to 0.11, p=0.696) or 22 weeks (mean difference: -0.08, 95% CI -0.18 to 0.03, p=0.158). There was also no evidence of between-group differences in secondary outcomes at 10 or 22 weeks. There were 123 adverse events reported by 27 participants in the resistance training group. INTERPRETATION We found that 10 supervised sessions and 20 home sessions of progressive resistance training of the ankle plantarflexors did not improve gait efficiency, muscle strength, activity, participation, or any biomechanical outcome among adolescents with CP. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS Thirty sessions of progressive resistance training of the ankle plantarflexors over 10 weeks did not improve gait efficiency among ambulatory adolescents with cerebral palsy. Resistance training did not improve muscle strength, activity, or participation. Ninety percent of participants experienced an adverse event. Most adverse events were expected and no serious adverse events were reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Ryan
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin, Ireland.,College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, UK
| | - Grace Lavelle
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, UK.,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nicola Theis
- School of Sport and Exercise, University of Gloucestershire, Gloucester, UK
| | - Marika Noorkoiv
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, UK
| | - Cherry Kilbride
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, UK
| | | | - Vasilios Baltzopoulos
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercises Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Adam Shortland
- One Small Step Gait Laboratory, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Wendy Levin
- Department of Physiotherapy, Swiss Cottage School and Development and Research Centre, London, UK
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12
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Cucuruz B, Kopp R, Pfister K, Noppeney J, Tripal K, Korff T, Zeman F, Koller M, Noppeney T. Risk and protective factors for post-thrombotic syndrome after deep venous thrombosis. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord 2020; 8:390-395. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvsv.2019.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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Jäger MA, De La Torre C, Arnold C, Kohlhaas J, Kappert L, Hecker M, Feldner A, Korff T. Assembly of vascular smooth muscle cells in 3D aggregates provokes cellular quiescence. Exp Cell Res 2019; 388:111782. [PMID: 31857114 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.111782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture conditions are often used to promote the differentiation of human cells as a prerequisite for the study of organotypic functions and environment-specific cellular responses. Here, we assessed the molecular and functional phenotype of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) cultured as 3D multilayered aggregates. Microarray studies revealed that these conditions decrease the expression of genes associated with cell cycle control and DNA replication and cease proliferation of VSMCs. This was accompanied by a lower activity level of the mitogen-activated protein kinase ERK1/2 and an increase in autocrine TGFβ/SMAD2/3-mediated signaling - a determinant of VSMC differentiation. However, inhibition of TGFβ signaling did not affect markers of VSMC differentiation such as smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (MYH11) but stimulated pro-inflammatory NFκB-associated gene expression in the first place while decreasing the protein level of NFKB1/p105 and NFKB2/p100 - inhibitors of NFκB transcriptional activity. Moreover, loss of TGFβ signaling also revived VSMC proliferation in 3D aggregates. In conclusion, assembly of VSMCs in multilayered aggregates alters their transcriptome to translate the cellular organization into a resting phenotype. In this context, TGFβ signaling appears to attenuate cell growth and NFκB-controlled gene expression representing important aspects of VSMC quiescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Andreas Jäger
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Carolina De La Torre
- Center of Medical Research, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Caroline Arnold
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Johanna Kohlhaas
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Lena Kappert
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Markus Hecker
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Anja Feldner
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Thomas Korff
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, Germany; European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany.
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14
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Lavelle G, Noorkoiv M, Theis N, Korff T, Kilbride C, Baltzopoulos V, Shortland A, Levin W, Ryan JM. Validity of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF) as a measure of physical activity (PA) in young people with cerebral palsy: A cross-sectional study. Physiotherapy 2019; 107:209-215. [PMID: 32026822 DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2019.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to examine the validity of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF) as a measure of physical activity (PA) in young people with cerebral palsy (CP). DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTING Participants were recruited through 8 National Health Service (NHS) trusts, one school, one university and through organisations that provide services for people with disabilities in England. PARTICIPANTS Sixty-four, ambulatory young people aged 10-19 years with CP [Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels I-III] participated in this study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE The IPAQ-SF was administered to participants. Participants were then asked to wear a wGT3X-BT triaxial accelerometer (ActiGraph, Pensacola, FL) for 7 days to objectively assess PA. Time spent in sedentary behaviour, in moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) and in total PA (TPA) was compared between measures. RESULTS Young people with CP self-reported less time in sedentary behaviour and underestimated the time spent in TPA, when compared to accelerometer measurements. Bland-Altman plots demonstrated poor agreement between the measures for MVPA, with upper and lower 95% limits of agreement of -147 to 148.9minute. After adjusting for gender and GMFCS level, age was a predictor of the difference between measures for MVPA (P<0.001) and TPA (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the IPAQ-SF is not a valid method of measuring TPA or sedentary behaviour in young people with CP and it is not appropriate for use when assessing an individual's time in MVPA. Therefore, where feasible, an objective measure of PA should be used. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN90378161.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Lavelle
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Marika Noorkoiv
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Theis
- School of Sport and Exercise, University of Gloucestershire, Gloucestershire, United Kingdom
| | | | - Cherry Kilbride
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vasilios Baltzopoulos
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Shortland
- One Small Step Gait Laboratory, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wendy Levin
- Department of Physiotherapy, Swiss Cottage School and Development and Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer M Ryan
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Medicine, RCSI, Dublin, Ireland
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15
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Noorkoiv M, Lavelle G, Theis N, Korff T, Kilbride C, Baltzopoulos V, Shortland A, Levin W, Ryan JM. Predictors of Walking Efficiency in Children With Cerebral Palsy: Lower-Body Joint Angles, Moments, and Power. Phys Ther 2019; 99:711-720. [PMID: 31155663 PMCID: PMC10468027 DOI: 10.1093/ptj/pzz041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with cerebral palsy (CP) experience increased muscle stiffness, muscle weakness, and reduced joint range of motion. This can lead to an abnormal pattern of gait, which can increase the energy cost of walking and contribute to reduced participation in physical activity. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to examine associations between lower-body joint angles, moments, power, and walking efficiency in adolescents with CP. DESIGN This was a cross-sectional study. METHODS Sixty-four adolescents aged 10 to 19 years with CP were recruited. Walking efficiency was measured as the net nondimensional oxygen cost (NNcost) during 6 minutes of overground walking at self-selected speed. Lower-body kinematics and kinetics during walking were collected with 3-dimensional motion analysis, synchronized with a treadmill with integrated force plates. The associations between the kinematics, kinetics, and NNcost were examined with multivariable linear regression. RESULTS After adjusting for age, sex, and Gross Motor Function Classification System level, maximum knee extension angle (β = -0.006), hip angle at midstance (β = -0.007), and maximum hip extension (β = -0.008) were associated with NNcost. Age was a significant modifier of the association between the NNcost and a number of kinematic variables. LIMITATIONS This study examined kinetic and kinematic variables in the sagittal plane only. A high interindividual variation in gait pattern could have influenced the results. CONCLUSIONS Reduced knee and hip joint extension are associated with gait inefficiency in adolescents with CP. Age is a significant factor influencing associations between ankle, knee, and hip joint kinematics and gait efficiency. Therapeutic interventions should investigate ways to increase knee and hip joint extension in adolescents with CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Noorkoiv
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Grace Lavelle
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London
| | - Nicola Theis
- School of Sport and Exercise, University of Gloucestershire, Gloucester, Gloucestershire, United Kingdom
| | | | - Cherry Kilbride
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London
| | - Vasilios Baltzopoulos
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Shortland
- One Small Step Gait Laboratory, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wendy Levin
- Department of Physiotherapy, Swiss Cottage School and Development and Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer M Ryan
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London; and Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, RCSI, Dublin, Ireland
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16
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Greca JPDA, Ryan J, Baltzopoulos V, Korff T. Biomechanical evaluation of walking and cycling in children. J Biomech 2019; 87:13-18. [PMID: 30799080 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2019.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity in children is important as it leads to healthy growth due to physiological benefits. However, a physiological benefit can be partially negated by excessive or unphysiological loads within the joints. To gain an initial understanding into this, the present study sought to compare joint loading between walking and cycling in children. With institutional ethical approval, 14 pre-pubertal children aged 8-12 walked on an instrumented treadmill and cycled on a stationary ergometer. Two methods were used to match physiological load. Cardiovascular loads between walking and cycling were matched using heart rate. Metabolic load was normalised by matching estimates of oxygen consumption. Joint reaction forces during cycling and walking as well as joint moments were derived using inverse dynamics. Peak compressive forces were greater on the knees and ankles during walking than during cycling. Peak shear peak forces at the knee and ankle were also significantly larger during walking than during cycling, independent of how physiological load was normalised. For both cycling conditions, ankle moments were significantly smaller during cycling than walking. No differences were found for knee moments. At equivalent physiological intensities, cycling results in less joint loading than walking. It can be speculated that for certain populations and under certain conditions cycling might be a more suitable mode of exercise than weight bearing activities to achieve a given metabolic load.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer Ryan
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, UK; Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Ireland
| | - Vasilios Baltzopoulos
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, UK
| | - Thomas Korff
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, UK
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17
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Ernst AS, Böhler LI, Hagenston AM, Hoffmann A, Heiland S, Sticht C, Bendszus M, Hecker M, Bading H, Marti HH, Korff T, Kunze R. EphB2-dependent signaling promotes neuronal excitotoxicity and inflammation in the acute phase of ischemic stroke. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2019; 7:15. [PMID: 30722785 PMCID: PMC6362601 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-019-0669-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Local cerebral hypoperfusion causes ischemic stroke while driving multiple cell-specific responses including inflammation, glutamate-induced neurotoxicity mediated via NMDAR, edema formation and angiogenesis. Despite the relevance of these pathophysiological mechanisms for disease progression and outcome, molecular determinants controlling the onset of these processes are only partially understood. In this context, our study intended to investigate the functional role of EphB2, a receptor tyrosine kinase that is crucial for synapse function and binds to membrane-associated ephrin-B ligands. Cerebral ischemia was induced in Ephb2−/− mice by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion followed by different times (6, 12, 24 and 48 h) of reperfusion. Histological, neurofunctional and transcriptome analyses indicated an increase in EphB2 phosphorylation under these conditions and attenuated progression of stroke in Ephb2−/− mice. Moreover, while infiltration of microglia/macrophages and astrocytes into the peri-infarct region was not altered, expression of the pro-inflammatory mediators MCP-1 and IL-6 was decreased in these mice. In vitro analyses indicated that binding of EphB2 to astrocytic ephrin-B ligands stimulates NF-κB-mediated cytokine expression via the MAPK pathway. Further magnetic resonance imaging of the Ephb2−/− ischemic brain revealed a lower level of cytotoxic edema formation within 6 h upon onset of reperfusion. On the mechanistic level, absence of neuronal EphB2 decreased the mitochondrial Ca2+ load upon specific activation of NMDAR but not during synaptic activity. Furthermore, neuron-specific loss of ephrin-B2 reduced the extent of cerebral tissue damage in the acute phase of ischemic stroke. Collectively, EphB2 may promote the immediate response to an ischemia-reperfusion event in the central nervous system by (i) pro-inflammatory activation of astrocytes via ephrin-B-dependent signaling and (ii) amplification of NMDA-evoked neuronal excitotoxicity.
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18
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Arnold C, Korff T. [Drug-Based Therapy of Varicose Veins from the Perspective of Experimental Models]. Praxis (Bern 1994) 2019; 108:31-36. [PMID: 30621537 DOI: 10.1024/1661-8157/a003147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Drug-Based Therapy of Varicose Veins from the Perspective of Experimental Models Abstract. Varicose remodeling of the venous wall primarily occurs in the lower extremities and is often associated with venous insufficiency. Although a large part of the western population shows various degrees of varicosis, little is known about the mechanisms driving their formation. In recent years, experimental animal models have spurred the identificatoin of target molecules and cellular mechanisms that control varicose remodeling processes. Thus, the chronic increase in venous wall tension appears to be a crucial determinant to stimulate signal cascades, culminating in increased proteolytic and proliferative activity of venous wall cells. The pharmacological inhibition of key molecules in these processes may provide a way to influence the course and severity of varicosis. This review article gives a brief insight into this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Arnold
- 1 Institut für Physiologie und Pathophysiologie, Abteilung Herz- und Kreislaufphysiologie, Universität Heidelberg, Deutschland
| | - Thomas Korff
- 1 Institut für Physiologie und Pathophysiologie, Abteilung Herz- und Kreislaufphysiologie, Universität Heidelberg, Deutschland
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19
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Lavelle G, Noorkoiv M, Theis N, Kilbride C, Korff T, Baltzopoulos B, Levin W, Shortland A, Ryan J. Sociodemographic and physical correlates of physical activity and gross motor function, in young people with cerebral palsy. Physiotherapy 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2018.11.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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20
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Lavelle G, Noorkoiv M, Theis N, Kilbride C, Korff T, Baltzopoulos B, Shortland A, Levin W, Ryan J. Health service use among young people with cerebral palsy in England. Physiotherapy 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2018.11.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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21
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Ryan J, Lavelle G, Noorkoiv M, Theis N, Levin W, Shortland A, Korff T, Baltzopoulos B, Kilbride C. A qualitative analysis of the feasibility and acceptability of a progressive resistance training programme for young people with cerebral palsy. Physiotherapy 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2018.11.290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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22
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Arnold C, Feldner A, Zappe M, Komljenovic D, De La Torre C, Ruzicka P, Hecker M, Neuhofer W, Korff T. Genetic ablation of NFAT5/TonEBP in smooth muscle cells impairs flow- and pressure-induced arterial remodeling in mice. FASEB J 2018; 33:3364-3377. [PMID: 30383452 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801594r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The arterial wall adapts to alterations in blood flow and pressure by remodeling the cellular and extracellular architecture. Biomechanical stress of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in the media is thought to precede this process and promote their activation and subsequent proliferation. However, molecular determinants orchestrating the transcriptional phenotype under these conditions have been insufficiently studied. We identified the transcription factor, nuclear factor of activated T cells 5 (NFAT5; or tonicity enhancer-binding protein) as a crucial regulatory element of mechanical stress responses of VSMCs. Here, the relevance of NFAT5 for arterial growth and thickening is investigated in mice upon inducible smooth muscle cell (SMC)-specific genetic ablation of Nfat5. In cultured mouse VSMCs, loss of Nfat5 inhibits the expression of gene sets involved in the control of the cell cycle and the interaction with the extracellular matrix and cytoskeletal dynamics. In vivo, SMC-specific knockout of Nfat5 did not affect the general vascular architecture and blood pressure levels under baseline conditions. However, proliferation of VSMCs and the thickening of the arterial wall were inhibited during both flow-induced collateral remodeling and hypertension-mediated arterial hypertrophy. Whereas originally described as a hypertonicity-responsive transcription factor, these findings identify NFAT5 as a novel molecular determinant of biomechanically induced phenotype changes of VSMCs and wall stress-induced arterial remodeling processes.-Arnold, C., Feldner, A., Zappe, M., Komljenovic, D., De La Torre, C., Ruzicka, P., Hecker, M., Neuhofer, W., Korff, T. Genetic ablation of NFAT5/TonEBP in smooth muscle cells impairs flow- and pressure-induced arterial remodeling in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Arnold
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anja Feldner
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maren Zappe
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dorde Komljenovic
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carolina De La Torre
- Center of Medical Research, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philipp Ruzicka
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Hecker
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Neuhofer
- Medical Clinic V, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Korff
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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23
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Zappe M, Feldner A, Arnold C, Sticht C, Hecker M, Korff T. NFAT5 Isoform C Controls Biomechanical Stress Responses of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1190. [PMID: 30190682 PMCID: PMC6115610 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular cells are continuously exposed to mechanical stress that may wreak havoc if exceeding physiological levels. Consequently, mechanisms facing such a challenge are indispensable and contribute to the adaptation of the cellular phenotype. To this end, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) activate mechanoresponsive transcription factors promoting their proliferation and migration to initiate remodeling the arterial wall. In mechanostimulated VSMCs, we identified nuclear factor of activated T-cells 5 (NFAT5) as transcriptional regulator protein and intended to unravel mechanisms controlling its expression and nuclear translocation. In cultured human VSMCs, blocking RNA synthesis diminished both baseline and stretch-induced NFAT5 mRNA expression while inhibition of the proteasome promoted accumulation of the NFAT5 protein. Detailed PCR analyses indicated a decrease in expression of NFAT5 isoform A and an increase in isoform C in mechanoactivated VSMCs. Upon overexpression, only NFAT5c was capable to enter the nucleus in control- and stretch-stimulated VSMCs. As evidenced by analyses of NFAT5c mutants, nuclear translocation required palmitoylation, phosphorylation at Y143 and was inhibited by phosphorylation at S1197. On the functional level, overexpression of NFAT5c forces its accumulation in the nucleus as well as transcriptional activity and stimulated VSMC proliferation and migration. These findings suggest that NFAT5 is continuously expressed and degraded in resting VSMCs while expression and accumulation of isoform C in the nucleus is facilitated during biomechanical stress to promote an activated VSMC phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren Zappe
- Division of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anja Feldner
- Division of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Caroline Arnold
- Division of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carsten Sticht
- Medical Research Center, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Hecker
- Division of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Korff
- Division of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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24
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Hoffmann A, Dege T, Kunze R, Ernst AS, Lorenz H, Böhler LI, Korff T, Marti HH, Heiland S, Bendszus M, Helluy X, Pham M. Early Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption in Ischemic Stroke Initiates Multifocally Around Capillaries/Venules. Stroke 2018; 49:1479-1487. [PMID: 29760276 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.118.020927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Detection and localization of the early phase of blood-brain barrier disruption (BBBD) in vivo during cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury remain a major challenge but may be a relevant outcome parameter in stroke. METHODS We studied early BBBD in mice after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion by multimodal, high-field (9.4T) in vivo magnetic resonance imaging, including the contrast agent gadofluorineM as an albumin-binding tracer. GadofluorineM contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging was performed to determine BBBD at 2, 6, and 24 hours after reperfusion. BBBD was confirmed and localized along the microvascular tree by using fluorescent gadofluorineM and immunofluorescence stainings (cluster of differentiation 31, ephrin type-B receptor 4, alpha smooth muscle actin, ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1). RESULTS GadofluorineM contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging revealed a multifocal spatial distribution of early BBBD and its close association with the microvasculature at a resolution of 40 μm. GadofluorineM leakage was closely associated with ephrin type-B receptor 4-positive but not alpha smooth muscle actin-positive vessels. The multifocal pattern of early BBBD (already at 2 hours after reperfusion) thus occurred in the distal capillary and venular microvascular bed. These multifocal zones showed distinct imaging signs indicative of early vasogenic edema. The total volume of multifocal early BBBD accurately predicted infarct size at 24 hours after reperfusion. CONCLUSIONS Early BBBD in focal cerebral ischemia initiates multifocally in the distal capillary and venular bed of the cerebral microvasculature. It is closely associated with perimicrovascular vasogenic edema and microglial activation and predicts the extent of final infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Hoffmann
- From the Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany (A.H., T.D., S.H., M.B., M.P.)
| | - Tassilo Dege
- From the Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany (A.H., T.D., S.H., M.B., M.P.)
| | - Reiner Kunze
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology (R.K., A.-S.E., L.-I.B., T.K., H.H.M., X.H.)
| | - Anne-Sophie Ernst
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology (R.K., A.-S.E., L.-I.B., T.K., H.H.M., X.H.).,Heidelberg Biosciences International Graduate School (A.-S.E., L.-I.B.)
| | - Holger Lorenz
- Center of Molecular Biology, University of Heidelberg (ZMBH) (H.L.), Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Laura-Inés Böhler
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology (R.K., A.-S.E., L.-I.B., T.K., H.H.M., X.H.).,Heidelberg Biosciences International Graduate School (A.-S.E., L.-I.B.)
| | - Thomas Korff
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology (R.K., A.-S.E., L.-I.B., T.K., H.H.M., X.H.)
| | - Hugo H Marti
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology (R.K., A.-S.E., L.-I.B., T.K., H.H.M., X.H.)
| | - Sabine Heiland
- From the Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany (A.H., T.D., S.H., M.B., M.P.)
| | - Martin Bendszus
- From the Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany (A.H., T.D., S.H., M.B., M.P.)
| | - Xavier Helluy
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology (R.K., A.-S.E., L.-I.B., T.K., H.H.M., X.H.).,Department of Psychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Biopsychology (X.H.).,Department of Neurophysiology (X.H.), Ruhr University Bochum, Germany
| | - Mirko Pham
- From the Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany (A.H., T.D., S.H., M.B., M.P.).,Department of Neuroradiology, Würzburg University Hospital, Germany (M.P.)
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25
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Kapel SS, Shi J, Hasanov Z, Appak-Baskoy S, Singhal M, Wojtarowicz J, Hertel S, Krunic D, Korn C, Hu J, Arnold C, Robciuc M, Korff T, Augustin HG. Abstract 450: Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell-expressed Tie2 Controls Atherosclerosis Progression. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1161/atvb.38.suppl_1.450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Angiopoietin (Angpt)/Tie signaling in microvascular endothelial cells (EC) controls vascular development, remodeling and maturation. Biomarker studies also imply a role of macrovascular Angpt/Tie signaling. The model of Angpt1/stimulation versus Angpt2/destabilization would imply an anti-atherosclerotic function of Angpt1 and a pro-atherosclerotic function of Angpt2. Yet, experimental studies on the role of the Angpt ligands and the Tie receptors in atherosclerosis have yielded conflicting results suggesting spatiotemporally context-dependent pro- and anti-atherosclerotic functions in different experimental settings. The endotheliocentric view of Angpt/Tie signaling is not sufficient to mechanistically explain the divergent roles of Angpt/Tie signaling during atherosclerosis. We hypothesized that vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC)-expressed Tie2 may contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Employing genetic models, the present study was aimed at elucidating the role of VSMC-expressed Tie2 during atherosclerosis. Compared to EC, VSMC express lower, but consistently detectable levels of functional Tie2. We therefore generated VSMC-specific Tie2
-
deficient mice (
Tie2
SMC-KO
), using a mural cell-specific
Sm22α-Cre
driver line. These were crossed with atherosclerosis-prone
ApoE-
deficient mice (
ApoE
KO
Tie2
SMC-KO
).
ApoE
KO
Tie2
SMC-KO
mice, fed a Western-type diet for 14 weeks, showed significantly reduced atherosclerotic lesion progression with less VSMC content. Transcriptionally, Tie2 controlled the phenotypic switch of VSMC with increased contractile and reduced synthetic phenotype-specific gene expression in isolated Tie2-deficient VSMC. Correspondingly, migration and proliferation was significantly reduced in Tie2-deficient cultured VSMC. Serum Angpt2 as well as the Angpt2/Angpt1 ratio were significantly increased in
ApoE
KO
Tie2
SMC-KO
mice. Collectively, the data expand and revise the endotheliocentric Tie2 signaling concept to show that mural cell-expressed Tie2 is involved in regulating macrovascular functions related to atherosclerosis. VSMC-expressed Tie2 acts pro-atherosclerotic to control the phenotypic switch towards a proliferative and migratory synthetic VSMC phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sila Appak-Baskoy
- Ryerson Univ and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Keenan Rsch Cntr, Toronto, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Claudia Korn
- Univ of Cambridge, and National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Junhao Hu
- Interdisciplinary Rsch Cntr on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai, China
| | - Caroline Arnold
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Korff
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg, Germany
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26
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Kuk H, Arnold C, Wagner AH, Hecker M, Sticht C, Korff T. Glycyrrhetinic Acid Antagonizes Pressure-Induced Venous Remodeling in Mice. Front Physiol 2018; 9:320. [PMID: 29670539 PMCID: PMC5893715 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of spider veins is caused by the remodeling of veins located in the upper dermis and promoted by risk factors such as obesity or pregnancy that chronically increase venous pressure. We have repeatedly shown that the pressure-induced increase in biomechanical wall stress is sufficient to evoke the formation of enlarged corkscrew-like superficial veins in mice. Subsequent experimental approaches revealed that interference with endothelial- and/or smooth muscle cell (SMC) activation counteracts this remodeling process. Here, we investigate whether the herbal agent glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) is a suitable candidate for that purpose given its anti-proliferative as well as anti-oxidative properties. While basic abilities of cultured venous SMCs such as migration and proliferation were not influenced by GA, it inhibited proliferation but not angiogenic sprouting of human venous endothelial cells (ECs). Further analyses of biomechanically stimulated ECs revealed that GA inhibits the DNA binding capacity of the mechanosensitive transcription factor activator protein-1 (AP-1) which, however, had only a minor impact on the endothelial transcriptome. Nevertheless, by decreasing gelatinase activity in ECs or mouse veins exposed to biomechanical stress, GA diminished a crucial cellular response in the context of venous remodeling. In line with the observed inhibitory effects, local transdermal application of GA attenuated pressure-mediated enlargement of veins in the mouse auricle. In summary, our data identifies GA as an inhibitor of EC proliferation, gelatinase activity and venous remodeling. It may thus have the capacity to attenuate spider vein formation and remodeling in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Kuk
- Division of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Caroline Arnold
- Division of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas H Wagner
- Division of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Hecker
- Division of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carsten Sticht
- Medical Clinic V, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Korff
- Division of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Medical Faculty Mannheim, European Center for Angioscience, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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27
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Feldner A, Adam MG, Tetzlaff F, Moll I, Komljenovic D, Sahm F, Bäuerle T, Ishikawa H, Schroten H, Korff T, Hofmann I, Wolburg H, von Deimling A, Fischer A. Loss of Mpdz impairs ependymal cell integrity leading to perinatal-onset hydrocephalus in mice. EMBO Mol Med 2018; 9:890-905. [PMID: 28500065 PMCID: PMC5494508 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201606430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrocephalus is a common congenital anomaly. LCAM1 and MPDZ (MUPP1) are the only known human gene loci associated with non‐syndromic hydrocephalus. To investigate functions of the tight junction‐associated protein Mpdz, we generated mouse models. Global Mpdz gene deletion or conditional inactivation in Nestin‐positive cells led to formation of supratentorial hydrocephalus in the early postnatal period. Blood vessels, epithelial cells of the choroid plexus, and cilia on ependymal cells, which line the ventricular system, remained morphologically intact in Mpdz‐deficient brains. However, flow of cerebrospinal fluid through the cerebral aqueduct was blocked from postnatal day 3 onward. Silencing of Mpdz expression in cultured epithelial cells impaired barrier integrity, and loss of Mpdz in astrocytes increased RhoA activity. In Mpdz‐deficient mice, ependymal cells had morphologically normal tight junctions, but expression of the interacting planar cell polarity protein Pals1 was diminished and barrier integrity got progressively lost. Ependymal denudation was accompanied by reactive astrogliosis leading to aqueductal stenosis. This work provides a relevant hydrocephalus mouse model and demonstrates that Mpdz is essential to maintain integrity of the ependyma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Feldner
- Vascular Signaling and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Gordian Adam
- Vascular Signaling and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fabian Tetzlaff
- Vascular Signaling and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Iris Moll
- Vascular Signaling and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dorde Komljenovic
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Sahm
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Bäuerle
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hiroshi Ishikawa
- Department of NDU Life Sciences, School of Life Dentistry, Nippon Dental University, Chiyoda-ku Tokyo, Japan
| | - Horst Schroten
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University Children's Hospital Mannheim Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Korff
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ilse Hofmann
- Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Vascular Biology, CBTM, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Hartwig Wolburg
- Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Andreas von Deimling
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Fischer
- Vascular Signaling and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany .,Vascular Biology, CBTM, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Medical Clinic I, Endocrinology and Clinical Chemistry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
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28
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Lipps C, Klein F, Wahlicht T, Seiffert V, Butueva M, Zauers J, Truschel T, Luckner M, Köster M, MacLeod R, Pezoldt J, Hühn J, Yuan Q, Müller PP, Kempf H, Zweigerdt R, Dittrich-Breiholz O, Pufe T, Beckmann R, Drescher W, Riancho J, Sañudo C, Korff T, Opalka B, Rebmann V, Göthert JR, Alves PM, Ott M, Schucht R, Hauser H, Wirth D, May T. Expansion of functional personalized cells with specific transgene combinations. Nat Commun 2018. [PMID: 29520052 PMCID: PMC5843645 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03408-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fundamental research and drug development for personalized medicine necessitates cell cultures from defined genetic backgrounds. However, providing sufficient numbers of authentic cells from individuals poses a challenge. Here, we present a new strategy for rapid cell expansion that overcomes current limitations. Using a small gene library, we expanded primary cells from different tissues, donors, and species. Cell-type-specific regimens that allow the reproducible creation of cell lines were identified. In depth characterization of a series of endothelial and hepatocytic cell lines confirmed phenotypic stability and functionality. Applying this technology enables rapid, efficient, and reliable production of unlimited numbers of personalized cells. As such, these cell systems support mechanistic studies, epidemiological research, and tailored drug development. Personalised medicine requires cell cultures from defined genetic backgrounds, but providing sufficient numbers of cells is a challenge. Here the authors develop gene cocktails to expand primary cells from a variety of different tissues and species, and show that expanded endothelial and hepatic cells retain properties of the differentiated phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Lipps
- Model Systems for Infection and Immunity, HZI - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany.,Experimental Cardiology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Aulweg 129, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Franziska Klein
- Department of Gene Regulation and Differentiation, HZI - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Tom Wahlicht
- Model Systems for Infection and Immunity, HZI - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Virginia Seiffert
- Department of Gene Regulation and Differentiation, HZI - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Milada Butueva
- Model Systems for Infection and Immunity, HZI - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | | | - Martin Luckner
- InSCREENeX GmbH, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Mario Köster
- Department of Gene Regulation and Differentiation, HZI - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Roderick MacLeod
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jörn Pezoldt
- Experimental Immunology, HZI - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jochen Hühn
- Experimental Immunology, HZI - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Qinggong Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Translational Research Group Cell and Gene Therapy, Twincore - Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research GmbH, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 7, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter Paul Müller
- Department of Gene Regulation and Differentiation, HZI - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Henning Kempf
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Hannover Medical School, MHH, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Robert Zweigerdt
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Hannover Medical School, MHH, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Pufe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rainer Beckmann
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Wolf Drescher
- Department of Orthopaedics, Aachen University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, 52074, Germany.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Lower Limb and Arthroplasty, Rummelsberg Hospital, Schwarzenbruck, 90592, Germany
| | - Jose Riancho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital U.M. Valdecilla, University of Cantabria, IDIVAL, 39008, Santander, Spain
| | - Carolina Sañudo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital U.M. Valdecilla, University of Cantabria, IDIVAL, 39008, Santander, Spain
| | - Thomas Korff
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, RG Blood Vessel Remodeling, University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 326, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bertram Opalka
- Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center (WTZ), University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Vera Rebmann
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Virchowstr. 179, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Joachim R Göthert
- Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center (WTZ), University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Paula M Alves
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnologica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, 2781-901, Portugal
| | - Michael Ott
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Translational Research Group Cell and Gene Therapy, Twincore - Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research GmbH, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 7, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Roland Schucht
- InSCREENeX GmbH, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Hansjörg Hauser
- Department of Gene Regulation and Differentiation, HZI - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dagmar Wirth
- Model Systems for Infection and Immunity, HZI - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany. .,Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Tobias May
- InSCREENeX GmbH, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany.
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29
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Arnold C, Demirel E, Feldner A, Genové G, Zhang H, Sticht C, Wieland T, Hecker M, Heximer S, Korff T. Hypertension‐evoked RhoA activity in vascular smooth muscle cells requires RGS5. FASEB J 2018; 32:2021-2035. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700384rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Arnold
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology and PathophysiologyHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Eda Demirel
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology and PathophysiologyHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Anja Feldner
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology and PathophysiologyHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Guillem Genové
- Center of Medical ResearchHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Hangjun Zhang
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Carsten Sticht
- Integrated Cardiometabolic CenterKarolinska InstituteHuddingeSweden
| | - Thomas Wieland
- Department of Physiology, Heart and Stroke Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence for Cardiovascular ResearchUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Markus Hecker
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology and PathophysiologyHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Scott Heximer
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Thomas Korff
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology and PathophysiologyHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
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Abstract
Due to gravity the venous vasculature in the lower extremities is exposed to elevated pressure levels which may be amplified by obesity or pregnancy. As a consequence, venules dilate and may be slowly transformed into varicose or spider veins. In fact, chronically elevated venous pressure was sufficient to cause the corkscrew-like enlargement of superficial veins in mice. We hypothesized that biomechanical activation of endothelial cells contributes to this process and investigated the inhibitory capacity of Magnolol in this context - a natural compound that features multiple properties counteracting cellular stress. While Magnolol did not influence endothelial capillary sprout formation, it interfered with proliferation, ERK1/2 activity, gelatinase activity as well as baseline production of reactive oxygen species in these cells or murine veins. The anti-oxidative and anti-proliferative capacity of Magnolol was mediated through stimulation of heme oxygenase-1 expression. Finally, local transdermal application of Magnolol attenuated pressure-mediated development of varicose/spider veins in mice and was accompanied by the absence of proliferating and MMP-2 positive endothelial cells. Collectively, our data identified Magnolol as a potent inhibitor of biomechanically evoked endothelial cell activity during pressure-mediated venous remodeling processes which contribute to the development of varicose and spider veins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Kuk
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Division of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Caroline Arnold
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Division of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ralph Meyer
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Division of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Hecker
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Division of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Korff
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Division of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
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31
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Liu H, Devraj K, Möller K, Liebner S, Hecker M, Korff T. EphrinB-mediated reverse signalling controls junctional integrity and pro-inflammatory differentiation of endothelial cells. Thromb Haemost 2017; 112:151-63. [DOI: 10.1160/th13-12-1034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
SummaryThe EphB/ephrinB receptor-ligand system is pivotal for the development of the embryonic vasculature and for angiogenesis in the adult organism. We observed that (i) the expression of ephrinB2 and ephrinB1 is up-regulated in capillaries during inflammation, that (ii) these ligands are localised on the luminal endothelial surface, and that (iii) they interact with the ephrinB-receptor EphB2 on monocyte/macrophages. This study delineates the impact of ephrinB-mediated reverse signalling on the integrity and proinflammatory differentiation of the endothelium. To this end, in vitro analyses with human cultured endothelial cells reveal that knockdown of ephrinB2 or ephrinB1 impairs monocyte transmigration through the endothelium. While ephrinB2 but not ephrinB1 interacts with PECAM-1 (CD31) in this context, reverse signalling by ephrinB1 but not ephrinB2 elicits a c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)-dependent up-regulation of E-selectin expression. Furthermore, treatment of endothelial cells with soluble EphB2 receptor bodies or EphB2-overexpressing mouse myeloma cells links ephrinB2 to PECAM-1 and induces its Src-dependent phosphorylation while diminishing Src homology phosphotyrosyl phosphatase-2 (SHP-2) activity and increasing endothelial cell permeability. We conclude that extravasation of EphB2 positive leukocyte populations is facilitated by lowering the integrity of endothelial cell junctions and enhancing the pro-inflammatory phenotype of the endothelium through activation of ephrinB ligands.
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32
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Feil G, Horres R, Schulte J, Mack AF, Petzoldt S, Arnold C, Meng C, Jost L, Boxleitner J, Kiessling-Wolf N, Serbest E, Helm D, Kuster B, Hartmann I, Korff T, Hahne H. Bacterial Cellulose Shifts Transcriptome and Proteome of Cultured Endothelial Cells Towards Native Differentiation. Mol Cell Proteomics 2017. [PMID: 28637836 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra117.000001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Preserving the native phenotype of primary cells in vitro is a complex challenge. Recently, hydrogel-based cellular matrices have evolved as alternatives to conventional cell culture techniques. We developed a bacterial cellulose-based aqueous gel-like biomaterial, dubbed Xellulin, which mimics a cellular microenvironment and seems to maintain the native phenotype of cultured and primary cells. When applied to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), it allowed the continuous cultivation of cell monolayers for more than one year without degradation or dedifferentiation. To investigate the impact of Xellulin on the endothelial cell phenotype in detail, we applied quantitative transcriptomics and proteomics and compared the molecular makeup of native HUVEC, HUVEC on collagen-coated Xellulin and collagen-coated cell culture plastic (polystyrene).Statistical analysis of 12,475 transcripts and 7831 proteins unveiled massive quantitative differences of the compared transcriptomes and proteomes. K-means clustering followed by network analysis showed that HUVEC on plastic upregulate transcripts and proteins controlling proliferation, cell cycle and protein biosynthesis. In contrast, HUVEC on Xellulin maintained, by and large, the expression levels of genes supporting their native biological functions and signaling networks such as integrin, receptor tyrosine kinase MAP/ERK and PI3K signaling pathways, while decreasing the expression of proliferation associated proteins. Moreover, CD34-an endothelial cell differentiation marker usually lost early during cell culture - was re-expressed within 2 weeks on Xellulin but not on plastic. And HUVEC on Xellulin showed a significantly stronger functional responsiveness to a prototypic pro-inflammatory stimulus than HUVEC on plastic.Taken together, this is one of the most comprehensive transcriptomic and proteomic studies of native and propagated HUVEC, which underscores the importance of the morphology of the cellular microenvironment to regulate cellular differentiation, and demonstrates, for the first time, the potential of Xellulin as versatile tool promoting an in vivo-like phenotype in primary and propagated cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Feil
- From the ‡Xellutec GmbH, Eichenstraβe 15, 82061 Neuried, Germany
| | - Ralf Horres
- §GenXPro GmbH, Altenhöferallee 3, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Julia Schulte
- From the ‡Xellutec GmbH, Eichenstraβe 15, 82061 Neuried, Germany
| | - Andreas F Mack
- ¶Institute of Clinical Anatomy and Cell Analysis, University of Tübingen, Österbergstraβe 3, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Svenja Petzoldt
- ‖OmicScouts GmbH, Emil-Erlenmeyer-Forum 5, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Caroline Arnold
- **Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Division of Cardiovascular Physiology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 326, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Chen Meng
- ‡‡Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technische Universität München, Emil-Erlenmeyer-Forum 5, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Lukas Jost
- §GenXPro GmbH, Altenhöferallee 3, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | | | - Ender Serbest
- From the ‡Xellutec GmbH, Eichenstraβe 15, 82061 Neuried, Germany
| | - Dominic Helm
- ‖OmicScouts GmbH, Emil-Erlenmeyer-Forum 5, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Bernhard Kuster
- ‡‡Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technische Universität München, Emil-Erlenmeyer-Forum 5, 85354 Freising, Germany.,§§Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry (BayBioMS), Technische Universität München, Gregor-Mendel-Strasse 4, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Isabel Hartmann
- From the ‡Xellutec GmbH, Eichenstraβe 15, 82061 Neuried, Germany
| | - Thomas Korff
- §§Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry (BayBioMS), Technische Universität München, Gregor-Mendel-Strasse 4, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Hannes Hahne
- ‖OmicScouts GmbH, Emil-Erlenmeyer-Forum 5, 85354 Freising, Germany;
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33
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Demolli S, Doddaballapur A, Devraj K, Stark K, Manavski Y, Eckart A, Zehendner CM, Lucas T, Korff T, Hecker M, Massberg S, Liebner S, Kaluza D, Boon RA, Dimmeler S. Shear stress-regulated miR-27b controls pericyte recruitment by repressing SEMA6A and SEMA6D. Cardiovasc Res 2017; 113:681-691. [PMID: 28453731 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Vessel maturation involves the recruitment of mural cells such as pericytes and smooth muscle cells. Laminar shear stress is a major trigger for vessel maturation, but the molecular mechanisms by which shear stress affects recruitment of pericytes are unclear. MicroRNAs (miRs) are small non-coding RNAs, which post-transcriptionally control gene expression. The aim of the present study was to unveil the mechanism by which shear stress-regulated microRNAs contribute to vessel maturation. METHODS AND RESULTS Here, we show that laminar shear stress increased miR-27a and miR-27b expression in vitro and in ex vivo in mouse femoral artery explants. Overexpression of miR-27b in endothelial cells increased pericyte adhesion and pericyte recruitment in vitro. In vitro barrier function of endothelial-pericyte co-cultures was augmented by miR-27b overexpression, whereas inhibition of miR-27a/b reduced adhesion and pericyte coverage and decreased barrier functions. In vivo, pharmacological inhibition of miR-27a/b by locked nucleic acid antisense oligonucleotides significantly reduced pericyte coverage and increased water content in the murine uterus. MiR-27b overexpression repressed semaphorins (SEMA), which mediate repulsive signals, and the vessel destabilizing human but not mouse Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2). Silencing of SEMA6A and SEMA6D rescued the reduced pericyte adhesion by miR-27 inhibition. Furthermore, inhibition of SEMA6D increased barrier function of an endothelial-pericyte co-culture in vitro. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrates for the first time that shear stress-regulated miR-27b promotes the interaction of endothelial cells with pericytes, partly by repressing SEMA6A and SEMA6D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shemsi Demolli
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre of Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Anuradha Doddaballapur
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre of Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Kavi Devraj
- Institute for Neurology (Edinger Institute), Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Konstantin Stark
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Yosif Manavski
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre of Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Annekathrin Eckart
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph M Zehendner
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre of Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
- ZIM III, Department of Cardiology, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Tina Lucas
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre of Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Thomas Korff
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Division of Cardiovascular Physiology, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Hecker
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Division of Cardiovascular Physiology, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partnersite Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Steffen Massberg
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partnersite Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Liebner
- Institute for Neurology (Edinger Institute), Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - David Kaluza
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre of Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Reinier A Boon
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre of Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
- German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partnersite RheinMain, Germany
| | - Stefanie Dimmeler
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre of Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
- German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partnersite RheinMain, Germany
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34
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Grainger K, Dodson Z, Korff T. Predicting bicycle setup for children based on anthropometrics and comfort. Appl Ergon 2017; 59:449-459. [PMID: 27890157 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2016.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Bicycling is a popular activity for children. In order for children to enjoy cycling and to minimize injury, it is important that they are positioned appropriately on the bicycle. The purpose of this study was therefore to identify a suitable bicycle setup for children aged between 7 and 16 years which accommodates developmental differences in anthropometrics, flexibility and perceptions of comfort. Using an adjustable bicycle fitting rig, we found the most comfortable position of 142 children aged 7 to 16. In addition, a number of anthropometric measures were recorded. Seat height and the horizontal distance between seat and handlebars were strongly predictable (R2 > 0.999, p < 0.001 and R2 = 0.649, p < 0.001 respectively), whilst the predictability of the vertical distance between seat and handlebars was weaker (R2 = 0.231, p < 0.001). These results have practical implications for children and parents, paediatric researchers and clinicians as well as bicycle manufacturers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Grainger
- Centre for Human Performance, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, United Kingdom.
| | - Zoe Dodson
- Centre for Human Performance, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, United Kingdom.
| | - Thomas Korff
- Centre for Human Performance, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, United Kingdom.
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35
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Waugh CM, Korff T, Blazevich AJ. Developmental differences in dynamic muscle-tendon behaviour: implications for movement efficiency. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 220:1287-1294. [PMID: 28108669 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.127951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Children perform cyclic motor tasks less efficiently than adults; however, the mechanisms underlying such differences are not fully understood. One mechanism that may contribute to these age-related differences is a differential contribution of muscles and tendons to a given muscle-tendon unit (MTU) excursion. The aims of this study were to (i) compare muscle and tendon excursion between children and adults performing vertical hopping, and (ii) determine whether children and adults choose a hopping frequency that maximizes movement efficiency, based on the utilization of energy-saving mechanisms. Twelve children (8.8±0.3 years) and 12 adults (26.0±2.1 years) performed 20 s of two-legged hopping at a self-selected frequency and at 1.33, 2.00, 2.67 and 3.33 Hz. Gastrocnemius medialis MTU excursion was estimated from kinematic data and muscle and tendon excursions were derived using a combination of 3D-motion capture and ultrasonography. Optimum hopping frequency was determined as the frequency that maximized surrogate measures of elastic energy storage potential of the tendon and minimized muscle excursion. Adults presented a significantly greater potential for elastic energy storage in combination with lower muscle excursion than children at their self-selected frequency, suggesting that children do not utilize these energy-saving mechanisms as effectively as adults. However, tendon elastic energy storage was maximized and muscle excursion minimized at the preferred frequency in both children and adults, indicating that children may select their preferred hopping frequency based on the same criteria as adults. These findings increase our understanding of the mechanisms contributing to the higher energy cost of movement performance in children, and have implications for the interpretation of age-related differences in complex task performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlie M Waugh
- Centre for Human Performance, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Brunel University, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB8 3PH, UK.,Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - Thomas Korff
- Centre for Human Performance, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Brunel University, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Anthony J Blazevich
- Centre for Human Performance, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Brunel University, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB8 3PH, UK.,Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, WA 6027, Australia
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36
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Abstract
Many elderly persons are engaging in resistance exercise to counter muscle atrophy due to aging. Here, the acute effects of resistance exercise on postural control mechanisms were examined. Postural control was quantified by mean square center-of-pressure displacements were calculated utilizing force vectors in accordance with previously developed equations. Stabilogram-diffusion plots utilized the displacements as data points after curve-fitting techniques were applied. Two regions, representing the open-loop and closed-loop postural control mechanisms, are shown by the plots and separated at the critical point, which represents the shift in control mechanisms. 21 older adults (age M = 71.2, SD = 3.84, range 66–81 years) performed three sets of 10–12 repetitions for six resistance exercises for the lower extremity until fatigue. Immediately after exercise, postural stability was reduced. This was represented by a shift of the critical point to the right, indicating an increase in open-loop control. Since resistance training has an acute negative effect on postural control, it is advised to assist elderly clients carefully and immediately after resistance training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin B Moore
- University of Louisville, Department of Health and Sport Sciences, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
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Ryan JM, Theis N, Kilbride C, Baltzopoulos V, Waugh C, Shortland A, Lavelle G, Noorkoiv M, Levin W, Korff T. Strength Training for Adolescents with cerebral palsy (STAR): study protocol of a randomised controlled trial to determine the feasibility, acceptability and efficacy of resistance training for adolescents with cerebral palsy. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e012839. [PMID: 27707836 PMCID: PMC5073599 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gait is inefficient in children with cerebral palsy, particularly as they transition to adolescence. Gait inefficiency may be associated with declines in gross motor function and participation among adolescents with cerebral palsy. Resistance training may improve gait efficiency through a number of biomechanical and neural mechanisms. The aim of the Strength Training for Adolescents with cerebral palsy (STAR) trial is to evaluate the effect of resistance training on gait efficiency, activity and participation in adolescents with cerebral palsy. We also aim to determine the biomechanical and neural adaptations that occur following resistance training and evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of such an intervention for adolescents with cerebral palsy. METHODS AND ANALYSIS 60 adolescents (Gross Motor Function Classification System level I-III) will be randomised to a 10-week resistance training group or a usual care control group according to a computer-generated random schedule. The primary outcome is gait efficiency. Secondary outcomes are habitual physical activity, participation, muscle-tendon mechanics and gross motor function. General linear models will be used to evaluate differences in continuous data between the resistance training and usual care groups at 10 and 22 weeks, respectively. A process evaluation will be conducted alongside the intervention. Fidelity of the resistance training programme to trial protocol will be quantified by observations of exercise sessions. Semistructured interviews will be conducted with participants and physiotherapists following the resistance training programme to determine feasibility and acceptability of the programme. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This trial has ethical approval from Brunel University London's Department of Clinical Sciences' Research Ethics Committee and the National Research Ethics Service (NRES) Committee London-Surrey Borders. The results of the trial will be submitted for publication in academic journals, presented at conferences and distributed to adolescents, families and healthcare professionals through the media with the assistance of the STAR advisory group. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN90378161; Pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Ryan
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, UK
| | - Nicola Theis
- School of Sport, Health and Applied Science, St. Mary's University, Twickenham, UK
| | - Cherry Kilbride
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, UK
| | | | - Charlie Waugh
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Adam Shortland
- One Small Step Gait Laboratory, Guy's Hospital, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Grace Lavelle
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, UK
| | - Marika Noorkoiv
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, UK
| | - Wendy Levin
- Department of Physiotherapy, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, Swiss Cottage School Development and Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Thomas Korff
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, UK
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Garcia-Martinez V, Lopez Sanchez C, Hamed W, Hamed W, Hsu JH, Ferrer-Lorente R, Alshamrani M, Pizzicannella J, Vindis C, Badi I, Korte L, Voellenkle C, Niculescu LS, Massaro M, Babaeva AR, Da Silva F, Woudstra L, Berezin A, Bae MK, Del Giudice C, Bageghni SA, Krobert K, Levay M, Vignier N, Ranieri A, Magenta A, Orlandi A, Porro B, Jeon ES, Omori Y, Herold J, Barnett GA, Grochot-Przeczek A, Korpisalo P, Deffge C, Margariti A, Rong W, Maring JA, Gambardella J, Mitrofan CG, Karpinska O, Morbidelli L, Wilkinson FL, Berezin A, Kostina AS, De Mey JGR, Kumar A, Lupieri A, Pellet-Many C, Stamatiou R, Gromotowicz A, Dickhout A, Murina M, Roka-Moiia YM, Malinova L, Diaz-Canestro C, Vigliarolo T, Cuzzocrea S, Szantai A, Medic B, Cassambai S, Korda A, Revnic CR, Borile G, Diokmetzidou A, Murfitt L, Budko A, Fiordelisi A, De Wijs-Meijler DPM, Gevaert AB, Noriega De La Colina A, Benes J, Guillermo Solache Berrocal GSB, Gafarov V, Zhebel VM, Prakaschandra R, Stepien EL, Smith LE, Carluccio MA, Timasheva Y, Paci M, Dorofeyeva NA, Chimed CH, Petelina TI, Sorop O, Genis A, Parepa IR, Tscharre M, Krestjyaninov MV, Maia-Rocha C, Borges L, Sasonko ML, Kapel SS, Stam K, Sommariva E, Stojkovic S, O'reilly J, Chiva-Blanch G, Malinova L, Evtushenko A, Skopal J, Sunderland N, Gegenava T, Charnaia MA, Di Lascio N, Tarvainen SJ, Malandraki-Miller S, Uitterdijk A, Benzoni P, Ruivo E, Humphrey EJ, Arokiaraj MC, Franco D, Garcia-Lopez V, Aranega A, Lopez-Sanchez C, Franco D, Garcia-Lopez V, Aranega A, Garcia-Martinez V, Tayel S, Khader H, El-Helbawy N, Tayel S, Alrefai A, El-Barbary H, Wu JR, Dai ZK, Yeh JL, Sanjurjo-Rodriguez C, Richaud-Patin Y, Blanco FJ, Badimon L, Raya A, Cahill PA, Diomede F, Merciaro I, Trubiani O, Nahapetyan H, Swiader A, Faccini J, Boya P, Elbaz M, Zeni F, Burba I, Bertolotti M, Capogrossi MC, Pompilio G, Raucci A, Widmer-Teske R, Dutzmann J, Bauersachs J, Donde K, Daniel JM, Sedding DG, Simionescu N, Sanda GM, Carnuta MG, Stancu CS, Popescu AC, Popescu MR, Vlad A, Dimulescu DR, Sima AV, Scoditti E, Pellegrino M, Calabriso N, Carluccio MA, Storelli C, De Caterina R, Solodenkova KS, Kalinina EV, Usachiova MN, Lappalainen J, Lee-Rueckert MDEC, Kovanen PT, Biesbroek PS, Emmens RWE, Van Rossum AC, Juffermans LJM, Niessen JWM, Krijnen PAJ, Kremzer A, Samura T, Berezina T, Gronenko E, Kim MK, Park HJ, Bae SK, Sorriento D, Ciccarelli M, Vernieri E, Campiglia P, Trimarco B, Iaccarino G, Hemmings KE, Porter KE, Ainscough JF, Drinkhill MJ, Turner NA, Hiis HG, Cosson MV, Levy FO, Wieland T, Macquart C, Chatzifrangkeskou M, Evans A, Bonne G, Muchir A, Kemp E, Avkiran M, Carlomosti F, D'agostino M, Beji S, Zaccagnini G, Maimone B, Di Stefano V, De Santa F, Cordisco S, Antonini A, Ciarapica R, Dellambra E, Martelli F, Avitabile D, Capogrossi MC, Scioli MG, Bielli A, Agostinelli S, Tarquini C, Tarallo V, De Falco S, Zaninoni A, Fiorelli S, Bianchi P, Teruzzi G, Squellerio I, Turnu L, Lualdi A, Tremoli E, Cavalca V, Lee YJ, Ju ES, Choi JO, Lee GY, Lim BK, Manickam MANOJ, Jung SH, Omiya S, Otsu K, Deffge C, Nowak S, Wagner M, Braun-Dullaeus RC, Kostin S, Daniel JM, Francke A, Subramaniam S, Kanse SM, Al-Lamee K, Schofield CJ, Egginton S, Gershlick AH, Kloska D, Kopacz A, Augustyniak A, Dulak J, Jozkowicz A, Hytonen J, Halonen P, Taavitsainen J, Tarvainen S, Hiltunen T, Liimatainen T, Kalliokoski K, Knuuti J, Yla-Herttuala S, Wagner M, Weinert S, Isermann B, Lee J, Braun-Dullaeus RC, Herold J, Cochrane A, Kelaini S, Bojdo J, Vila Gonzalez M, Hu Y, Grieve D, Stitt AW, Zeng L, Xu Q, Margariti A, Reglin B, Xiang W, Nitzsche B, Maibier M, Pries AR, Vrijsen KR, Chamuleau SAJ, Verhage V, Metz CHG, Lodder K, Van Eeuwijk ECM, Van Dommelen SM, Doevendans PA, Smits AM, Goumans MJ, Sluijter JPG, Sorriento D, Bova M, Loffredo S, Trimarco B, Iaccarino G, Ciccarelli M, Appleby S, Morrell N, Baranowska-Kuczko M, Kloza M, Ambrozewicz E, Kozlowski M, Malinowska B, Kozlowska H, Monti M, Terzuoli E, Ziche M, Mahmoud AM, Jones AM, Wilkinson JA, Romero M, Duarte J, Alexander MY, Kremzer A, Berezina T, Gronenko E, Faggian G, Kostareva AA, Malashicheva AB, Leurgans TM, Nguyen TN, Irmukhamedov A, Riber LP, Mcgeogh R, Comer S, Blanco Fernandez A, Ghigo A, Blaise R, Smirnova NF, Malet N, Vincent P, Limon I, Gayral S, Hirsch E, Laffargue M, Mehta V, Zachary I, Aidonidis I, Kramkowski K, Miltyk W, Kolodziejczyk P, Gradzka A, Szemraj J, Chabielska E, Dijkgraaf I, Bitsch N, Van Hoof S, Verhaegen F, Koenen R, Hackeng TM, Roshchupkin DI, Buravleva KV, Sergienko VI, Zhernossekov DD, Rybachuk VM, Grinenko TV, Furman N, Dolotovskaya P, Shamyunov M, Denisova T, Reiner M, Akhmedov A, Keller S, Miranda M, Briand S, Barile L, Kullak-Ublick G, Luscher T, Camici G, Guida L, Magnone M, Ameri P, Lazzarini E, Fresia C, Bruzzone S, Zocchi E, Di Paola R, Cordaro M, Crupi R, Siracusa R, Campolo M, Bruschetta G, Fusco R, Pugliatti P, Esposito E, Paloczi J, Ruivo E, Gaspar R, Dinnyes A, Kobolak J, Ferdinandy P, Gorbe A, Todorovic Z, Krstic D, Savic Vujovic K, Jovicic D, Basta Jovanovic G, Radojevic Skodric S, Prostran M, Dean S, Mee CJ, Harvey KL, Hussain A, Pena C, Paltineanu B, Voinea S, Revnic F, Ginghina C, Zaglia T, Ceriotti P, Campo A, Carullo P, Armani A, Coppini R, Vida V, Olivotto I, Stellin G, Rizzuto R, De Stefani D, Sandri M, Catalucci D, Mongillo M, Soumaka E, Kloukina I, Tsikitis M, Makridakis M, Varela A, Davos C, Vlachou A, Capetanaki Y, Iqbal MM, Bennett H, Davenport B, Pinali C, Cooper G, Cartwright E, Kitmitto A, Strutynska NA, Mys LA, Sagach VF, Franco A, Sorriento D, Trimarco B, Iaccarino G, Ciccarelli M, Verzijl A, Stam K, Van Duin R, Reiss IKM, Duncker DJ, Merkus D, Shakeri H, Orije M, Leloup AJ, Van Hove CE, Van Craenenbroeck EM, De Meyer GRY, Vrints CJ, Lemmens K, Desjardins-Creapeau L, Wu R, Lamarre-Cliche M, Larochelle P, Bherer L, Girouard H, Melenovsky M, Kvasilova A, Benes J, Ruskova K, Sedmera D, Ana Barral ABV, Martin Fernandez M, Pablo Roman Garcia PRG, Juan Carlos Llosa JCLL, Manuel Naves Diaz MND, Cesar Moris CM, Jorge B Cannata-Andia JBCA, Isabel Rodriguez IR, Voevoda M, Gromova E, Maximov V, Panov D, Gagulin I, Gafarova A, Palahniuk H, Pashkova IP, Zhebel NV, Starzhynska OL, Naidoo DP, Rawojc K, Enguita FJ, Grudzien G, Cordwell SJ, White MY, Massaro M, Scoditti E, Calabriso N, Pellegrino M, Martinelli R, Gatta V, De Caterina R, Nasibullin TR, Erdman VV, Tuktarova IA, Mustafina OE, Hyttinen J, Severi S, Vorobyov GG, Sagach VF, Batmyagmar KH, Lkhagvasuren Z, Gapon LI, Musikhina NA, Avdeeva KS, Dyachkov SM, Heinonen I, Van Kranenburg M, De Beer VJ, Octavia Y, Van Geuns RJ, Van Den Meiracker AH, Van Der Velden J, Merkus D, Duncker DJ, Everson FP, Ogundipe T, Grandjean T, De Boever P, Goswami N, Strijdom H, Suceveanu AI, Suceveanu AP, Mazilu L, Tofoleanu DE, Catrinoiu D, Rohla M, Hauser C, Huber K, Wojta H, Weiss TW, Melnikova MA, Olezov NV, Gimaev RH, Khalaf H, Ruzov VI, Adao R, Mendes-Ferreira P, Santos-Ribeiro D, Rademaker M, Leite-Moreira AF, Bras-Silva C, Alvarenga LAA, Falcao RSP, Dias RR, Lacchini S, Gutierrez PS, Michel JB, Gurfinkel YUI, Atkov OYU, Teichert M, Korn C, Mogler C, Hertel S, Arnold C, Korff T, Augustin HG, Van Duin RWB, De Wijs-Meijler DPM, Verzijl A, Duncker DJ, Merkus D, D'alessandra Y, Farina FM, Casella M, Catto V, Carbucicchio C, Dello Russso A, Stadiotti I, Brambilla S, Chiesa M, Giacca M, Colombo GI, Pompilio G, Tondo C, Ahlin F, Andric T, Tihanyi D, Wojta J, Huber K, O'connell E, Butt A, Murphy L, Pennington S, Ledwidge M, Mcdonald K, Baugh J, Watson C, Suades R, Crespo J, Estruch R, Badimon L, Dyachenko A, Ryabukho V, Evtushenko V, Saushkina YU, Lishmanov YU, Smyshlyaev K, Bykov A, Popov S, Pavlyukova E, Anfinogenova Y, Szigetfu E, Kapornai B, Forizs E, Jenei ZS, Nagy Z, Merkely B, Zima E, Cai A, Dworakowski R, Gibbs T, Piper S, Jegard N, Mcdonagh T, Gegenava M, Dementieva II, Morozov YUA, Barsanti C, Stea F, Lenzarini F, Kusmic C, Faita F, Halonen PJ, Puhakka PH, Hytonen JP, Taavitsainen JM, Yla-Herttuala S, Supit EA, Carr CA, Groenendijk BCW, Gorsse-Bakker C, Panasewicz A, Sneep S, Tempel D, Van Der Giessen WJ, Duncker DJ, Rys J, Daraio C, Dell'era P, Paloczi J, Pigler J, Eder A, Ferdinandy P, Eschenhagen T, Gorbe A, Mazo MM, Amdursky N, Peters NS, Stevens MM, Terracciano CM. Poster session 2Morphogenetic mechanisms290MiR-133 regulates retinoic acid pathway during early cardiac chamber specification291Bmp2 regulates atrial differentiation through miR-130 during early heart looping formationDevelopmental genetics294Association of deletion allele of insertion/deletion polymorphism in alpha 2B adrenoceptor gene and hypertension with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus295Association of G1359A polymorphism of the endocannabinoid type 1 receptor (CNR1) with coronary artery disease (CAD) with type 2 diabetes mellitusCell growth, differentiation and stem cells - Vascular298Gamma-secretase inhibitor prevents proliferation and migration of ductus arteriosus smooth muscle cells: a role of Notch signaling in postnatal closure of ductus arteriosus299Mesenchymal stromal-like cells (MLCs) derived from induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells: a promising therapeutic option to promote neovascularization300Sonic Hedgehog promotes mesenchymal stem cell differentiation to vascular smooth muscle cells in cardiovacsular disease301Proinflammatory cytokine secretion and epigenetic modification in endothelial cells treated LPS-GinfivalisCell death and apoptosis - Vascular304Mitophagy acts as a safeguard mechanism against human vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis induced by atherogenic lipidsTranscriptional control and RNA species - Vascular307MicroRNA-34a role in vascular calcification308Local delivery of a miR-146a inhibitor utilizing a clinically applicable approach attenuates neointima formation after vascular injury309Long noncoding RNA landscape of hypoxic endothelial cells310Specific circulating microRNAs levels associate with hypertension, hyperglycemia and dysfunctional HDL in acute coronary syndrome patientsCytokines and cellular inflammation - Vascular313Phosphodiesterase5A up-regulation in vascular endothelium under pro-inflammatory conditions: a newly disclosed anti-inflammatory activity for the omega-3polyunsaturated aatty acid docosahexaenoic acid314Cardiovascular risk modifying with extra-low dose anticytokine drugs in rhematoid arthritis315Conversion of human M-CSF macrophages into foam cells reduces their proinflammatory responses to classical M1-polarizing activation316Lymphocytic myocarditis coincides with increased plaque inflammation and plaque hemorrhage in coronary arteries, facilitating myocardial infarction317Serum osteoprotegerin level predictsdeclined numerous of circulating endothelial- derived and mononuclear-derived progenitor cells in patients with metabolic syndromeGrowth factors and neurohormones - Vascular320Effect of gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) on vascular inflammationSignal transduction - Heart323A new synthetic peptide regulates hypertrophy in vitro through means of the inhibition of nfkb324Inducible fibroblast-specific knockout of p38 alpha map kinase is cardioprotective in a mouse model of isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy325Regulation of beta-adrenoceptor-evoked inotropic responses by inhibitory G protein, adenylyl cyclase isoforms 5 and 6 and phosphodiesterases326Binding to RGS3 and stimulation of M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors modulates the substrate specificity of p190RhoGAP in cardiac myocytes327Cardiac regulation of post-translational modifications, parylation and deacetylation in LMNA dilated cardiomyopathy mouse model328Beta-adrenergic regulation of the b56delta/pp2a holoenzyme in cardiac myocytes through b56delta phosphorylation at serine 573Nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species - Vascular331Oxidative stress-induced miR-200c disrupts the regulatory loop among SIRT1, FOXO1 and eNOS332Antioxidant therapy prevents oxidative stress-induced endothelial dysfunction and Enhances Wound Healing333Morphological and biochemical characterization of red blood cell in coronary artery diseaseCytoskeleton and mechanotransduction - Heart336Novel myosin activator, JSH compounds, increased myocardial contractility without chronotropic effect in ratsExtracellular matrix and fibrosis - Vascular339Ablation of Toll-like receptor 9 causes cardiac rupture after myocardial infarction by attenuating proliferation and differentiation of cardiac fibroblasts340Altered vascular remodeling in the mouse hind limb ischemia model in Factor VII activating protease (FSAP) deficiencyVasculogenesis, angiogenesis and arteriogenesis343Pro-angiogenic effects of proly-hydroxylase inhibitors and their potential for use in a novel strategy of therapeutic angiogenesis for coronary total occlusion344Nrf2 drives angiogenesis in transcription-independent manner: new function of the master regulator of oxidative stress response345Angiogenic gene therapy, despite efficient vascular growth, is not able to improve muscle function in normoxic or chronically ischemic rabbit hindlimbs -role of capillary arterialization and shunting346Effect of PAR-1 inhibition on collateral vessel growth in the murine hind limb model347Quaking is a key regulator of endothelial cell differentiation, neovascularization and angiogenesis348"Emerging angiogenesis" in the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). An in vivo study349Exosomes from cardiomyocyte progenitor cells and mesenchymal stem cells stimulate angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo via EMMPRINEndothelium352Reciprocal regulation of GRK2 and bradykinin receptor stimulation modulate Ca2+ intracellular level in endothelial cells353The roles of bone morphogenetic proteins 9 and 10 in endothelial inflammation and atherosclerosis354The contribution of GPR55 to the L-alpha-lysophosphatidylinositol-induced vasorelaxation in isolated human pulmonary arteries355The endothelial protective ACE inhibitor Zofenoprilat exerts anti-inflammatory activities through H2S production356A new class of glycomimetic drugs to prevent free fatty acid-induced endothelial dysfunction357Endothelial progenitor cells to apoptotic endothelial cell-derived microparticles ration differentiatesas preserved from reduced ejection fractionheart failure358Proosteogenic genes are activated in endothelial cells of patients with thoracic aortic aneurysm359Endothelin ETB receptors mediate relaxing responses to insulin in pericardial resistance arteries from patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD)Smooth muscle and pericytes362CX3CR1 positive myeloid cells regulate vascular smooth muscle tone by inducing calcium oscillations via activation of IP3 receptors363A novel function of PI3Kg on cAMP regulation, role in arterial wall hyperplasia through modulation of smooth muscle cells proliferation364NRP1 and NRP2 play important roles in the development of neointimal hyperplasia in vivo365Azithromycin induces autophagy in aortic smooth muscle cellsCoagulation, thrombosis and platelets368The real time in vivo evaluation of platelet-dependent aldosterone prothrombotic action in mice369Development of a method for in vivo detection of active thrombi in mice370The antiplatelet effects of structural analogs of the taurine chloramine371The influence of heparin anticoagulant drugs on functional state of human platelets372Regulation of platelet aggregation and adenosine diphosphate release by d dimer in acute coronary syndrome (in vitro study)Oxygen sensing, ischaemia and reperfusion375Sirtuin 5 mediates brain injury in a mouse model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion376Abscisic acid: a new player in cardiomyocyte protection from ischaemia?377Protective effects of ultramicronized palmitoylethanolamide (PEA-um) in myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion injury in vivo378Identification of stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes using cardiac specific markers and additional testing of these cells in simulated ischemia/reperfusion system379Single-dose intravenous metformin treatment could afford significant protection of the injured rat kidney in an experimental model of ischemia-reperfusion380Cardiotoxicity of long acting muscarinic receptor antagonists used for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease381Dependence antioxidant potential on the concentration of amino acids382The impact of ischemia-reperfusion on physiological parameters,apoptosis and ultrastructure of rabbit myocardium with experimental aterosclerosisMitochondria and energetics385MicroRNA-1 dependent regulation of mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) in normal and hypertrophied hearts386Mitochondrial homeostasis and cardioprotection: common targets for desmin and aB-crystallin387Overexpression of mitofusin-2 (Mfn2) and associated mitochondrial dysfunction in the diabetic heart388NO-dependent prevention of permeability transition pore (MPTP) opening by H2S and its regulation of Ca2+ accumulation in rat heart mitochondria389G protein coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) is fundamental in recovering mitochondrial morphology and function after exposure to ionizing radiation (IR)Gender issues392Sex differences in pulmonary vascular control; focus on the nitric oxide pathwayAging395Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction develops when feeding western diet to senescence-accelerated mice396Cardiovascular markers as predictors of cognitive decline in elderly hypertensive patients397Changes in connexin43 in old rats with volume overload chronic heart failureGenetics and epigenetics400Calcium content in the aortic valve is associated with 1G>2G matrix metalloproteinase 1 polymorphism401Neuropeptide receptor gene s (NPSR1) polymorphism and sleep disturbances402Endothelin-1 gene Lys198Asn polymorphism in men with essential hypertension complicated and uncomplicated with chronic heart failure403Association of common polymorphisms of the lipoprotein lipase and pon1 genes with the metabolic syndrome in a sample of community participantsGenomics, proteomics, metabolomics, lipidomics and glycomics405Gene expression quantification using multiplexed color-coded probe pairs to determine RNA content in sporadic cardiac myxoma406Large-scale phosphorylation study of the type 2 diabetic heart subjected to ischemia / reperfusion injury407Transcriptome-based identification of new anti-inflammatory properties of the olive oil hydroxytyrosol in vascular endothelial cell under basal and proinflammatory conditions408Gene polymorphisms combinations and risk of myocardial infarctionComputer modelling, bioinformatics and big data411Comparison of the repolarization reserve in three state-of-the-art models of the human ventricular action potentialMetabolism, diabetes mellitus and obesity414Endothelial monocyte-activating polypeptide-II improves heart function in type -I Diabetes mellitus415Admission glucose level is independent predictor of impaired left ventricular function in patients with acute myocardial infarction: a two dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography study416Association between biochemical markers of lipid profile and inflammatory reaction and stiffness of the vascular wall in hypertensive patients with abdominal obesity417Multiple common co-morbidities produce left ventricular diastolic dysfunction associated with coronary microvascular dysfunction, oxidative stress and myocardial stiffening418Investigating the cardiovascular effects of antiretroviral drugs in a lean and high fat/sucrose diet rat model of obesity419Statins in the treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Our experience from a 2-year prospective study in Constanta County, Romania420Epicardial adipose tissue as a predictor of cardiovascular outcome in patients with ACS undergoing PCI?Arterial and pulmonary hypertension423Dependence between heart rhythm disorers and ID polymorphism of ACE gene in hypertensive patients424Molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of Urocortin 2 in pulmonary arterial hypertension425Inhibition of TGf-b axis and action of renin-angiotensin system in human ascending aorta aneurysms426Early signs of microcirculation and macrocirculation abnormalities in prehypertension427Vascular smooth muscle cell-expressed Tie-2 controls vascular tone428Cardiac and vascular remodelling in the development of chronic thrombo-embolic pulmonary hypertension in a novel swine modelBiomarkers431Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy: a new, non invasive biomarker432Can circulating microRNAs distinguish type 1 and type 2 myocardial infarction?433Design of a high-throughput multiplex proteomics assay to identify left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in diabetes434Monocyte-derived and P-selectin-carrying microparticles are differently modified by a low fat diet in patients with cardiovascular risk factors who will and who will not develop a cardiovascular event435Red blood cell distribution width assessment by polychromatic interference microscopy of thin films in chronic heart failure436Invasive and noninvasive evaluation of quality of radiofrequency-induced cardiac denervation in patients with atrial fibrillation437The effect of therapeutic hypothermia on the level of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in sera following cardiopulmonary resustitation438Novel biomarkers to predict outcome in patients with heart failure and severe aortic stenosis439Biological factors linking depression and anxiety to cardiovascular disease440Troponins and myoglobin dynamic at coronary arteries graftingInvasive, non-invasive and molecular imaging443Diet composition effects on the genetic typing of the mouse ob mutation: a micro-ultrasound characterization of cardiac function, macro and micro circulation and liver steatosis444Characterization of pig coronary and rabbit aortic lesions using IV-OCT quantitative analysis: correlations with histologyGene therapy and cell therapy447Enhancing the survival and angiogenic potential of mouse atrial mesenchymal cells448VCAM-1 expression in experimental myocardial infarction and its relation to bone marrow-derived mononuclear cell retentionTissue engineering451Advanced multi layered scaffold that increases the maturity of stem cell-derived human cardiomyocytes452Response of engineered heart tissue to simulated ischemia/reperfusion in the presence of acute hyperglycemic conditions453Serum albumin hydrogels prevent de-differentiation of neonatal cardiomyocytes454A novel paintbrush technique for transfer of low viscosity ultraviolet light curable cyan methacrylate on saline immersed in-vitro sheep heart. Cardiovasc Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvw149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Eschrich J, Meyer R, Kuk H, Wagner AH, Noppeney T, Debus S, Hecker M, Korff T. Varicose Remodeling of Veins Is Suppressed by 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl Coenzyme A Reductase Inhibitors. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5:JAHA.115.002405. [PMID: 26908399 PMCID: PMC4802467 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.115.002405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the high prevalence of chronic venous insufficiency and varicose veins in the Western world, suitable pharmaceutical therapies for these venous diseases have not been explored to date. In this context, we recently reported that a chronic increase in venous wall stress or biomechanical stretch is sufficient to cause development of varicose veins through the activation of the transcription factor activator protein 1. METHODS AND RESULTS We investigated whether deleterious venous remodeling is suppressed by the pleiotropic effects of statins. In vitro, activator protein 1 activity was inhibited by two 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors, rosuvastatin and atorvastatin, in stretch-stimulated human venous smooth muscle cells. Correspondingly, both statins inhibited venous smooth muscle cell proliferation as well as mRNA expression of the activator protein 1 target gene monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP1). In isolated mouse veins exposed to an increased level of intraluminal pressure, statin treatment diminished proliferation of venous smooth muscle cells and protein abundance of MCP1 while suppressing the development of varicose veins in a corresponding animal model by almost 80%. Further analyses of human varicose vein samples from patients chronically treated with statins indicated a decrease in venous smooth muscle cell proliferation and MCP1 abundance compared with samples from untreated patients. CONCLUSIONS Our findings imply that both atorvastatin and rosuvastatin effectively inhibit the development of varicose veins, at least partially, by interfering with wall stress-mediated activator protein 1 activity in venous smooth muscle cells. For the first time, this study reveals a potential pharmacological treatment option that may be suitable to prevent growth of varicose veins and to limit formation of recurrence after varicose vein surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Eschrich
- Division of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ralph Meyer
- Division of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hanna Kuk
- Division of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas H Wagner
- Division of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Sebastian Debus
- Department of Vascular Medicine, German Aortic Center, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Hecker
- Division of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Korff
- Division of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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Abstract
In vitro models mimicking capillary sprouting are important tools to investigate the tumor angiogenesis, developmental blood vessel formation, and pathophysiological remodeling processes of the capillary system in the adult. With this focus, in 1998 Korff et al. introduced endothelial cell (EC) spheroids as a three-dimensional in vitro model resembling angiogenic responses and sprouting behavior [1]. As such, EC spheroids are capable of giving rise to capillary-like sprouts which are relatively close to the physiologically and genetically programmed arrangement of endothelial cells in vessels. Co-culture spheroids consisting of endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells form a spheroidal core composed of smooth muscle cells and an outer monolayer of endothelial cells, similar to the physiological architecture of larger blood vessels. In practise, a defined number of endothelial cells are cultured in a round-bottom well plate or in "hanging drops" to allow the formation and arrangement of the spheroidal three-dimensional structure. Subsequently, they are harvested and embedded in a collagen gel to allow outgrowth of endothelial cell sprouts originating from each spheroid. To evaluate the pro- or antiangiogenic impact of a cytokine or compound, the number and length of sprouts is determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Pfisterer
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Center for Molecular Medicine, Frankfurt Goethe University, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Thomas Korff
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 326, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Theis N, Korff T, Mohagheghi AA. Does long-term passive stretching alter muscle-tendon unit mechanics in children with spastic cerebral palsy? Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2015; 30:1071-6. [PMID: 26403361 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral palsy causes motor impairments during development and many children may experience excessive neural and mechanical muscle stiffness. The clinical assumption is that excessive stiffness is thought to be one of the main reasons for functional impairments in cerebral palsy. As such, passive stretching is widely used to reduce stiffness, with a view to improving function. However, current research evidence on passive stretching in cerebral palsy is not adequate to support or refute the effectiveness of stretching as a management strategy to reduce stiffness and/or improve function. The purpose was to identify the effect of six weeks passive ankle stretching on muscle-tendon unit parameters in children with spastic cerebral palsy. METHODS Thirteen children (8-14 y) with quadriplegic/diplegic cerebral palsy were randomly assigned to either an experimental group (n=7) or a control group (n=6). The experimental group underwent an additional six weeks of passive ankle dorsiflexion stretching for 15 min (per leg), four days per week, whilst the control group continued with their normal routine, which was similar for the two groups. Measures of muscle and tendon stiffness, strain and resting length were acquired pre- and post-intervention. FINDINGS The experimental group demonstrated a 3° increase in maximum ankle dorsiflexion. This was accompanied by a 13% reduction in triceps surae muscle stiffness, with no change in tendon stiffness. Additionally, there was an increase in fascicle strain with no changes in resting length, suggesting muscle stiffness reductions were a result of alterations in intra/extra-muscular connective tissue. INTERPRETATION The results demonstrate that stretching can reduce muscle stiffness by altering fascicle strain but not resting fascicle length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Theis
- School of Sport, Health and Applied Science, St Mary's University, Strawberry Hill, Middlesex TW1 4SX, UK
| | - Thomas Korff
- Division of Sport, Health and Exercise Sciences, Brunel University, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Amir A Mohagheghi
- Division of Sport, Health and Exercise Sciences, Brunel University, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB8 3PH, UK; University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Abstract
During submaximal cycling, the neuromuscular system has the freedom to select different intermuscular coordination strategies. From both a basic science and an applied perspective, it is important to understand how the central nervous system adjusts pedaling mechanics in response to changes in pedaling conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Richard Barratt
- 1Division of Sport, Health, and Exercise Sciences, Brunel University, Uxbridge, UNITED KINGDOM; 2Department of Biomechanics, English Institute of Sport, Manchester, UNITED KINGDOM; 3Departent of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; 4Department of Kinesiology and Integrative Physiology, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI
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Schröder H, Komljenovic D, Hecker M, Korff T. Transdermal drug targeting and functional imaging of tumor blood vessels in the mouse auricle. FASEB J 2015; 30:923-32. [PMID: 26546130 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-279240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Subcutaneously growing tumors are widely utilized to study tumor angiogenesis and the efficacy of antiangiogenic therapies in mice. To additionally assess functional and morphologic alterations of the vasculature in the periphery of a growing tumor, we exploited the easily accessible and hierarchically organized vasculature of the mouse auricle. By site-specific subcutaneous implantation of a defined preformed mouse B16/F0 melanoma aggregate, a solid tumor nodule developed within 14 d. Growth of the tumor nodule was accompanied by a 4-fold increase in its perfusion as well as a 2- to 4-fold elevated diameter and perfusion of peripheral blood vessels that had connected to the tumor capillary microvasculature. By transdermal application of the anticancer drug bortezomib, tumor growth was significantly diminished by about 50% without provoking side effects. Moreover, perfusion and tumor microvessel diameter as well as growth and perfusion of arterial or venous blood vessels supplying or draining the tumor microvasculature were decreased under these conditions by up to 80%. Collectively, we observed that the progressive tumor growth is accompanied by the enlargement of supplying and draining extratumoral blood vessels. This process was effectively suppressed by bortezomib, thereby restricting the perfusion capacity of both extra and intratumoral blood vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Schröder
- *Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Division of Cardiovascular Physiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; and Department of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dorde Komljenovic
- *Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Division of Cardiovascular Physiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; and Department of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Hecker
- *Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Division of Cardiovascular Physiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; and Department of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Korff
- *Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Division of Cardiovascular Physiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; and Department of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum), Heidelberg, Germany
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Ghosh S, Kollar B, Nahar T, Suresh Babu S, Wojtowicz A, Sticht C, Gretz N, Wagner AH, Korff T, Hecker M. Loss of the mechanotransducer zyxin promotes a synthetic phenotype of vascular smooth muscle cells. J Am Heart Assoc 2015; 4:e001712. [PMID: 26071033 PMCID: PMC4599528 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.114.001712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Background Exposure of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) to excessive cyclic stretch such as in hypertension causes a shift in their phenotype. The focal adhesion protein zyxin can transduce such biomechanical stimuli to the nucleus of both endothelial cells and VSMCs, albeit with different thresholds and kinetics. However, there is no distinct vascular phenotype in young zyxin-deficient mice, possibly due to functional redundancy among other gene products belonging to the zyxin family. Analyzing zyxin function in VSMCs at the cellular level might thus offer a better mechanistic insight. We aimed to characterize zyxin-dependent changes in gene expression in VSMCs exposed to biomechanical stretch and define the functional role of zyxin in controlling the resultant VSMC phenotype. Methods and Results DNA microarray analysis was used to identify genes and pathways that were zyxin regulated in static and stretched human umbilical artery–derived and mouse aortic VSMCs. Zyxin-null VSMCs showed a remarkable shift to a growth-promoting, less apoptotic, promigratory and poorly contractile phenotype with ≈90% of the stretch-responsive genes being zyxin dependent. Interestingly, zyxin-null cells already seemed primed for such a synthetic phenotype, with mechanical stretch further accentuating it. This could be accounted for by higher RhoA activity and myocardin-related transcription factor-A mainly localized to the nucleus of zyxin-null VSMCs, and a condensed and localized accumulation of F-actin upon stretch. Conclusions At the cellular level, zyxin is a key regulator of stretch-induced gene expression. Loss of zyxin drives VSMCs toward a synthetic phenotype, a process further consolidated by exaggerated stretch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhajit Ghosh
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Heidelberg, Germany (S.G., B.K., T.N., A.H.W., T.K.)
| | - Branislav Kollar
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Heidelberg, Germany (S.G., B.K., T.N., A.H.W., T.K.)
| | - Taslima Nahar
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Heidelberg, Germany (S.G., B.K., T.N., A.H.W., T.K.)
| | - Sahana Suresh Babu
- Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX (S.S.B.)
| | - Agnieszka Wojtowicz
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland (A.W.)
| | - Carsten Sticht
- ZMF, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany (C.S., N.G.)
| | - Norbert Gretz
- ZMF, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany (C.S., N.G.)
| | - Andreas H Wagner
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Heidelberg, Germany (S.G., B.K., T.N., A.H.W., T.K.)
| | - Thomas Korff
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Heidelberg, Germany (S.G., B.K., T.N., A.H.W., T.K.)
| | - Markus Hecker
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Heidelberg and Deutsches Zentrum Für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung E.V. (DZHK), Partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany (M.H.)
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Arnold C, Feldner A, Genové G, Schorpp-Kistner SK, Angel P, Wieland T, Hecker M, Korff T. Abstract 441: Rgs5 Controls Myogenic Responses of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1161/atvb.35.suppl_1.441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Contraction of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in response to an increase in blood pressure is pivotal for maintaining blood flow and constitutes both consequence and cause of chronic hypertension. While a plethora of contraction-mediating mechanisms has been delineated, not much is known about molecular determinants regulating the responses of VSMCs to an increase in wall stress or biomechanical stretch. In this context, we reported that conditional ablation of Junb - a subunit of the transcription factor AP-1 (activator protein 1) - interferes with the expression of myosin light chain 9 and consequently impaired myogenic responses of arteries. We hypothesized that the arterial circumferential wall stress is increased under these conditions which may influence the VSMC phenotype and vessel wall architecture. In fact, Junb-deficient arteries showed structural remodeling as evidenced by a ~2-3-fold decrease in collagen type I and IV content (n=5, p<0.05). cDNA microarray analyses revealed that expression of regulator of G-protein signaling 5 (RGS5) was up-regulated in VSMCs (~6-fold, n=4, p<0.001) isolated from Junb-deficient arteries which was confirmed in vivo but not mediated by AP-1. However, elevation of wall stress by volume-induced hypertension in vivo or exposure of VSMCs to biomechanical stretch in vitro was sufficient to trigger RGS5 expression (3-fold, n=3, p<0.05). Overexpression of this regulator activates RhoA and enhanced stretch-induced responses of VSMCs such as stress fiber formation while its knockdown showed opposite effects. In line with this, RGS5-deficient arteries show an impaired pressure-mediated constriction (n=8, p<0.05) and both the hypertension-induced increase in diastolic blood pressure as well as structural remodeling of the arterial vessel wall were significantly attenuated in RGS5-deficient mice.
Collectively, these findings indicate that biomechanical stretch mediates the expression of RGS5 in VSMCs to enhance stretch-dependent responses as a prerequisite for adequate adaptive vascular remodeling processes. This mechanism may establish RGS5 as a promising target for future strategies to combat, e.g. the deleterious consequences of arterial hypertension such as arterial stiffening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Arnold
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Univ of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anja Feldner
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Univ of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Guillem Genové
- Dept of Med Biochemistry and Biophysics, Div of Vascular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Peter Angel
- Div of Signal Transduction and Growth Control, German Cancer Rsch Cntr, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Wieland
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Univ of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Hecker
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Univ of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Korff
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Univ of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Jeffries O, Korff T, Romer LM. Influence of Hypoxia on Joint Action Powers during Exhaustive Cycling. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2015. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000476951.56051.f5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Eschrich J, Meyer R, Pfisterer L, Hecker M, Korff T. Abstract 304: Varicose Vein Development in Mice Is Blocked by Ator- and Rosuvastatin. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1161/atvb.35.suppl_1.304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Venous diseases such as varicose veins and chronic venous insufficiency constitute a substantial source of morbidity. Despite their high prevalence, neither molecular mechanisms initiating these diseases nor pharmaceutic therapies have been explored so far. We recently reported that chronically increased filling pressure or biomechanical venous wall stress is sufficient to cause development of varicose-like veins in mice through a mechanism preceded by activation of the transcription factor activator protein 1 (AP-1). Considering these findings, we hypothesized that pharmacologic inhibition of AP-1 activity may attenuate venous remodeling. To prove this therapeutic concept, human venous smooth muscle cells (SMCs) were subjected to biomechanical stretch (13%, 0.5Hz) and treated with statins - HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors that are supposed to interfere with the activity of AP-1. EMSA and immunofluorescence studies revealed that ator- and rosu- but not simvastatin blocked stretch-induced AP-1 activity. Furthermore, ator- and rosuvastatin inhibited expression of the AP-1 target monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) and proliferation of these cells. In mouse veins exposed to an increased level of intraluminal pressure, atorvastatin diminished the abundance of MCP-1 and MMP-2 by ~90 % and inhibited proliferation of endothelial cells and SMCs (n=5, p<0.05). In line with this observation, growth of varicose-like veins in mice was suppressed by almost ~80 % upon treatment with rosu- and atorvastatin but not simvastatin (n=5, p<0.05) which was accompanied by a decrease in cellular proliferation as well as MMP-2 abundance in remodeling blood vessels. Consequent analyses of human varicose vein samples from patients chronically treated with statins indicated a decrease in SMC proliferation, MCP-1 and MMP-2 abundance (50-60 %, n=10, p<0.05).
Collectively, our current findings imply that both ator- and rosuvastatin effectively inhibit the development of varicose veins presumably by interfering with the wall stress-mediated activity of AP-1 in VSMCs. For the first time, this study revealed a possible pharmaceutic treatment that may be suitable to prevent growth of varicose veins and to limit formation of recurrences after varicose vein surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Eschrich
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Univ of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ralph Meyer
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Univ of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Larissa Pfisterer
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Univ of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Hecker
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Univ of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Korff
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Univ of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Heiss M, Hellström M, Kalén M, May T, Weber H, Hecker M, Augustin HG, Korff T. Endothelial cell spheroids as a versatile tool to study angiogenesis
in vitro. FASEB J 2015; 29:3076-84. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-267633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Heiss
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Division of Cardiovascular Physiology, University of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - Mats Hellström
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and PathologyScience for Life Laboratory, Uppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Mattias Kalén
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and PathologyScience for Life Laboratory, Uppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | | | | | - Markus Hecker
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Division of Cardiovascular Physiology, University of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - Hellmut G. Augustin
- Division of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, Medical Faculty Mannheim (CBTM)University of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
- Division of Vascular Oncology and MetastasisGerman Cancer Research Center HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - Thomas Korff
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Division of Cardiovascular Physiology, University of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
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Kunze R, Urrutia A, Hoffmann A, Liu H, Helluy X, Pham M, Reischl S, Korff T, Marti HH. Dimethyl fumarate attenuates cerebral edema formation by protecting the blood–brain barrier integrity. Exp Neurol 2015; 266:99-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2015.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Abstract
Arteriogenesis—the growth of collateral arterioles—partially compensates for the progressive occlusion of large conductance arteries as it may occur as a consequence of coronary, cerebral or peripheral artery disease. Despite being clinically highly relevant, mechanisms driving this process remain elusive. In this context, our study revealed that abundance of regulator of G-protein signalling 5 (RGS5) is increased in vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) of remodelling collateral arterioles. RGS5 terminates G-protein-coupled signalling cascades which control contractile responses of SMCs. Consequently, overexpression of RGS5 blunted Gαq/11-mediated mobilization of intracellular calcium, thereby facilitating Gα12/13-mediated RhoA signalling which is crucial for arteriogenesis. Knockdown of RGS5 evoked opposite effects and thus strongly impaired collateral growth as evidenced by a blockade of RhoA activation, SMC proliferation and the inability of these cells to acquire an activated phenotype in RGS5-deficient mice after the onset of arteriogenesis. Collectively, these findings establish RGS5 as a novel determinant of arteriogenesis which shifts G-protein signalling from Gαq/11-mediated calcium-dependent contraction towards Gα12/13-mediated Rho kinase-dependent SMC activation. Subject Categories Vascular Biology & Angiogenesis
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Arnold
- Division of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anja Feldner
- Division of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Larissa Pfisterer
- Division of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maren Hödebeck
- Division of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Troidl
- Department of Pharmacology, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Guillem Genové
- Division of Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Wieland
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Markus Hecker
- Division of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Korff
- Division of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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