1
|
He L, Zhou Q, Xiu C, Shao Y, Shen D, Meng H, Le W, Chen S. Circulating proteomic biomarkers for diagnosing sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a cross-sectional study. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1842-1848. [PMID: 38103252 PMCID: PMC10960292 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.389357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202408000-00039/figure1/v/2023-12-16T180322Z/r/image-tiff Biomarkers are required for the early detection, prognosis prediction, and monitoring of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, a progressive disease. Proteomics is an unbiased and quantitative method that can be used to detect neurochemical signatures to aid in the identification of candidate biomarkers. In this study, we used a label-free quantitative proteomics approach to screen for substantially differentially regulated proteins in ten patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis compared with five healthy controls. Substantial upregulation of serum proteins related to multiple functional clusters was observed in patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Potential biomarkers were selected based on functionality and expression specificity. To validate the proteomics profiles, blood samples from an additional cohort comprising 100 patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and 100 healthy controls were subjected to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Eight substantially upregulated serum proteins in patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis were selected, of which the cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide demonstrated the best discriminative ability between patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and healthy controls (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.713, P < 0.0001). To further enhance diagnostic accuracy, a multi-protein combined discriminant algorithm was developed incorporating five proteins (hemoglobin beta, cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide, talin-1, zyxin, and translationally-controlled tumor protein). The algorithm achieved an AUC of 0.811 and a P-value of < 0.0001, resulting in 79% sensitivity and 71% specificity for the diagnosis of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Subsequently, the ability of candidate biomarkers to discriminate between early-stage amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients and controls, as well as patients with different disease severities, was examined. A two-protein panel comprising talin-1 and translationally-controlled tumor protein effectively distinguished early-stage amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients from controls (AUC = 0.766, P < 0.0001). Moreover, the expression of three proteins (FK506 binding protein 1A, cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide, and hemoglobin beta-1) was found to increase with disease progression. The proteomic signatures developed in this study may help facilitate early diagnosis and monitor the progression of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis when used in combination with current clinical-based parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu He
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinming Zhou
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaoyang Xiu
- Department of Neurology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yaping Shao
- Center for Translational Research on Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Dingding Shen
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Huanyu Meng
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weidong Le
- Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences-Sichuan Provincial Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Neurology, Xinrui Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wu Z, Wu D, Zhong Q, Zou X, Liu Z, Long H, Wei J, Li X, Dai F. The role of zyxin in signal transduction and its relationship with diseases. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1371549. [PMID: 38712343 PMCID: PMC11070705 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1371549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
This review highlighted the pivotal role of zyxin, an essential cell focal adhesions protein, in cellular biology and various diseases. Zyxin can orchestrate the restructuring and dynamic alterations of the cellular cytoskeleton, which is involved in cell proliferation, adhesion, motility, and gene transcription. Aberrant zyxin expression is closely correlated with tumor cell activity and cardiac function in both tumorigenesis and cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, in fibrotic and inflammatory conditions, zyxin can modulate cellular functions and inflammatory responses. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of zyxin is crucial for deciphering signal transduction networks and disease pathogenesis. Investigating its role in diseases holds promise for novel avenues in early diagnosis and therapeutic strategies. Nevertheless, targeting zyxin as a therapeutic focal point presents challenges in terms of specificity, safety, drug delivery, and resistance. Nonetheless, in-depth studies on zyxin and the application of precision medicine could offer new possibilities for personalized treatment modalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zelan Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Daiqin Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Qin Zhong
- Clinical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xue Zou
- Clinical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhongjing Liu
- Clinical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Hehua Long
- School of Clinical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jing Wei
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xia Li
- Guizhou Precision Medicine Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Fangjie Dai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zeng Z, Abdelwahid E, Chen W, Ascoli C, Pham T, Jacobson JR, Dudek SM, Natarajan V, Aldaz CM, Machado RF, Singla S. Endothelial Knockdown of the Tumor Suppressor, WWOX, Increases Inflammation in Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2024. [PMID: 38563965 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00277.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic cigarette smoke exposure decreases lung expression of WWOX which is known to protect the endothelial barrier during infectious models of ARDS. METHODS Proteomic analysis of WWOX-silenced endothelial cells (ECs) was done using tandem mass tag mass spectrometry (TMT-MS). WWOX-silenced ECs as well as those isolated from endothelial Wwox knockout (EC Wwox KO) mice were subjected to cyclic stretch (18% elongation, 0.5 Hz, 4 hours). Cellular lysates and media supernatant were harvested for assays of cellular signaling, protein expression, and cytokine release. These were repeated with dual silencing of WWOX and zyxin. Control and EC Wwox KO mice were subjected to high tidal volume ventilation. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and mouse lung tissue were harvested for cellular signaling, cytokine secretion, and histologic assays. RESULTS TMT-MS revealed upregulation of zyxin expression during WWOX knockdown which predicted a heightened inflammatory response to mechanical stretch. WWOX-silenced ECs and ECs isolated from EC Wwox mice displayed significantly increased cyclic stretch-mediated secretion of various cytokines (IL-6, KC/IL-8, IL-1β, and MCP-1) relative to controls. This was associated with increased ERK and JNK phosphorylation but decreased p38 MAPK phosphorylation. EC Wwox KO mice subjected to VILI sustained a greater degree of injury than corresponding controls. Silencing of zyxin during WWOX knockdown abrogated stretch-induced increases in IL-8 secretion. CONCLUSION Loss of WWOX function in ECs is associated with a heightened inflammatory response during mechanical stretch that is associated with increased MAPK phosphorylation and appears to be dependent on upregulation of zyxin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenguo Zeng
- Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Eltyeb Abdelwahid
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Weiguo Chen
- Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Christian Ascoli
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Trinh Pham
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | | | - Steven M Dudek
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | | | - C Marcelo Aldaz
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas System, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Roberto F Machado
- Medicine, Indiana University Bloomington, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Sunit Singla
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Schmitt MS, Colen J, Sala S, Devany J, Seetharaman S, Caillier A, Gardel ML, Oakes PW, Vitelli V. Machine learning interpretable models of cell mechanics from protein images. Cell 2024; 187:481-494.e24. [PMID: 38194965 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Cellular form and function emerge from complex mechanochemical systems within the cytoplasm. Currently, no systematic strategy exists to infer large-scale physical properties of a cell from its molecular components. This is an obstacle to understanding processes such as cell adhesion and migration. Here, we develop a data-driven modeling pipeline to learn the mechanical behavior of adherent cells. We first train neural networks to predict cellular forces from images of cytoskeletal proteins. Strikingly, experimental images of a single focal adhesion (FA) protein, such as zyxin, are sufficient to predict forces and can generalize to unseen biological regimes. Using this observation, we develop two approaches-one constrained by physics and the other agnostic-to construct data-driven continuum models of cellular forces. Both reveal how cellular forces are encoded by two distinct length scales. Beyond adherent cell mechanics, our work serves as a case study for integrating neural networks into predictive models for cell biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Schmitt
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Kadanoff Center for Theoretical Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jonathan Colen
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Kadanoff Center for Theoretical Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Stefano Sala
- Department of Cell & Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - John Devany
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Shailaja Seetharaman
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Alexia Caillier
- Department of Cell & Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Margaret L Gardel
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - Patrick W Oakes
- Department of Cell & Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
| | - Vincenzo Vitelli
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Kadanoff Center for Theoretical Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
He S, Zhang J, Liu Z, Wang Y, Hao X, Wang X, Zhou Z, Ye X, Zhao Y, Zhao Y, Wang R. Upregulated Cytoskeletal Proteins Promote Pathological Angiogenesis in Moyamoya Disease. Stroke 2023; 54:3153-3164. [PMID: 37886851 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.123.044476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a rare progressive vascular disease that leads to intracranial internal carotid artery stenosis and eventual occlusion. However, its pathogenesis remains unclear. The purpose of this study is to explore the role of abnormally expressed proteins in the pathogenesis of MMD. METHODS Data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry identifies the differentially expressed proteins in MMD serum by detecting the serum from 60 patients with MMD and 20 health controls. The differentially expressed proteins were validated using enzyme linked immunosorbent assays. Immunofluorescence for superficial temporal artery and middle cerebral artery specimens was used to explore the morphological changes of vascular wall in MMD. In vitro experiments were used to explore the changes and mechanisms of differentially expressed proteins on endothelial cells. RESULTS Proteomic analysis showed that a total of 14 726 peptides and 1555 proteins were quantified by mass spectrometry data. FLNA (filamin A) and ZYX (zyxin) proteins were significantly higher in MMD serum compared with those in health controls (Log2FC >2.9 and >2.8, respectively). Immunofluorescence revealed an intimal hyperplasia in superficial temporal artery and middle cerebral artery specimens of MMD. FLNA and ZYX proteins increased the proportion of endothelial cells in S phase and promoted their proliferation, angiogenesis, and cytoskeleton enlargement. Mechanistic studies revealed that AKT (serine/threonine kinase)/GSK-3β (glycogen synthase kinase 3β)/β-catenin signaling pathway plays a major role in these FLNA- and ZYX-induced changes in endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS This study provides proteomic data on a large sample size of MMD. The differential expression of FLNA and ZYX in patient with MMD and following in vitro experiments suggest that these upregulated proteins are related to the pathology of cerebrovascular intimal hyperplasia in MMD and are involved in MMD pathogenesis, with diagnostic and therapeutic ramifications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shihao He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (S.H., J.Z., Z.L., Y.W., X.H., X.W., Z.Z., X.Y., Yahui Zhao, Yuanli Zhao, R.W.)
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China (S.H., Yuanli Zhao, R.W.)
- Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, China (S.H., Yuanli Zhao)
| | - Junze Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (S.H., J.Z., Z.L., Y.W., X.H., X.W., Z.Z., X.Y., Yahui Zhao, Yuanli Zhao, R.W.)
| | - Ziqi Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (S.H., J.Z., Z.L., Y.W., X.H., X.W., Z.Z., X.Y., Yahui Zhao, Yuanli Zhao, R.W.)
| | - Yanru Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (S.H., J.Z., Z.L., Y.W., X.H., X.W., Z.Z., X.Y., Yahui Zhao, Yuanli Zhao, R.W.)
| | - Xiaokuan Hao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (S.H., J.Z., Z.L., Y.W., X.H., X.W., Z.Z., X.Y., Yahui Zhao, Yuanli Zhao, R.W.)
| | - Xilong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (S.H., J.Z., Z.L., Y.W., X.H., X.W., Z.Z., X.Y., Yahui Zhao, Yuanli Zhao, R.W.)
| | - Zhenyu Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (S.H., J.Z., Z.L., Y.W., X.H., X.W., Z.Z., X.Y., Yahui Zhao, Yuanli Zhao, R.W.)
| | - Xun Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (S.H., J.Z., Z.L., Y.W., X.H., X.W., Z.Z., X.Y., Yahui Zhao, Yuanli Zhao, R.W.)
| | - Yahui Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (S.H., J.Z., Z.L., Y.W., X.H., X.W., Z.Z., X.Y., Yahui Zhao, Yuanli Zhao, R.W.)
| | - Yuanli Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (S.H., J.Z., Z.L., Y.W., X.H., X.W., Z.Z., X.Y., Yahui Zhao, Yuanli Zhao, R.W.)
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China (S.H., Yuanli Zhao, R.W.)
- Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, China (S.H., Yuanli Zhao)
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, China (Yuanli Zhao, R.W.)
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (S.H., J.Z., Z.L., Y.W., X.H., X.W., Z.Z., X.Y., Yahui Zhao, Yuanli Zhao, R.W.)
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China (S.H., Yuanli Zhao, R.W.)
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, China (Yuanli Zhao, R.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lou J, Geng S, He W, Liu S, Shi X, Chang Y, Han S, Qian P, Amin HM, Song Y, Li Y, Zhou J. Zyxin inhibits the epithelial-mesenchymal transition process in gastric cancer by upregulating SIRT1. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e357. [PMID: 37667739 PMCID: PMC10475219 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor development relies on the stemness of cancer stem cells, which is regulated by environmental cues. Previous studies have shown that zyxin can inhibit the expression of genes for embryonic stem cell status. In the present study, the expression levels of zyxin protein in cancer tissues and adjacent noncancerous tissues from 73 gastric cancer patients with different clinical stages were analyzed by Western blot. We showed that the relative expression levels of zyxin in gastric cancer tissues (cancer tissues/adjacent tissues) were significantly downregulated in advanced clinical stages. Overexpression of zyxin inhibited the stemness and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) processes in gastric cancer cells. Zyxin also inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion but increased the sensitivity of cancer cells to drugs. Overexpression of zyxin in MKN45 cells inhibited tumor growth in nude mice. We show that the interactions between zyxin and SIRT1 led to the upregulation of SIRT1, reduced acetylation levels of histone H3 K9 and K23, decreased transcription levels of SNAI 1/2, and inhibition of the EMT process. This study demonstrated that zyxin negatively regulates the progression of gastric cancer by inhibiting the stemness of cancer stem cells and EMT. Our findings shed new light on the pathogenesis of gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lou
- Cyrus Tang Hematology CenterCollaborative Innovation Center of HematologySoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseasesthe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Sha Geng
- Cyrus Tang Hematology CenterCollaborative Innovation Center of HematologySoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseasesthe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Wei He
- Cyrus Tang Hematology CenterCollaborative Innovation Center of HematologySoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseasesthe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Song‐Bai Liu
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Medical BiotechnologySuzhou Vocational Health CollegeSuzhouChina
| | - Xinghong Shi
- Cyrus Tang Hematology CenterCollaborative Innovation Center of HematologySoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseasesthe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Ying Chang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology CenterCollaborative Innovation Center of HematologySoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseasesthe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Shiyuan Han
- Cyrus Tang Hematology CenterCollaborative Innovation Center of HematologySoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseasesthe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Panting Qian
- Cyrus Tang Hematology CenterCollaborative Innovation Center of HematologySoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseasesthe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Hesham M Amin
- Department of HematopathologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Yao‐Hua Song
- Cyrus Tang Hematology CenterCollaborative Innovation Center of HematologySoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseasesthe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Yangxin Li
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science and Department of Cardiovascular SurgeryFirst Affiliated Hospital and Medical College of Soochow UniversityCollaborative Innovation Center of HematologySoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsuChina
| | - Jin Zhou
- Department of General Surgerythe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mierke CT. Editorial: Editorial for mechanical and structural phenotypes of cells and extracellular matrices govern cell adhesion and migration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1256311. [PMID: 37576605 PMCID: PMC10420056 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1256311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Tanja Mierke
- Faculty of Physics and Earth Science, Peter Debye Institute of Soft Matter Physics, Biological Physics Division, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
McGowan SE. Discoidin domain receptor-2 enhances secondary alveolar septation in mice by activating integrins and modifying focal adhesions. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2023; 324:L307-L324. [PMID: 36719983 PMCID: PMC9988528 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00169.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) of the pulmonary parenchyma must maintain the structural relationships among resident cells during the constant distortion imposed by respiration. This dictates that both the ECM and cells adapt to changes in shape, while retaining their attachment. Membrane-associated integrins and discoidin domain receptors (DDR) bind collagen and transmit signals to the cellular cytoskeleton. Although the contributions of DDR2 to collagen deposition and remodeling during osseous development are evident, it is unclear how DDR2 contributes to lung development. Using mice (smallie, Slie/Slie, DDR2Δ) bearing a spontaneous inactivating deletion within the DDR2 coding region, we observed a decrease in gas-exchange surface area and enlargement of alveolar ducts. Compared with fibroblasts isolated from littermate controls, DDR2Δ fibroblasts, spread more slowly, developed fewer lamellipodia, and were less responsive to the rigidity of neighboring collagen fibers. Activated β1-integrin (CD29) was reduced in focal adhesions (FA) of DDR2Δ fibroblasts, less phospho-zyxin localized to and fewer FA developed over ventral actin stress fibers, and the adhesions had a lower aspect ratio compared with controls. However, DDR2 deletion did not reduce cellular displacement of the ECM. Our findings indicate that DDR2, in concert with collagen-binding β1-integrins, regulates the timing and location of focal adhesion formation and how lung fibroblasts respond to ECM rigidity. Reduced rigidity sensing and mechano-responsiveness may contribute to the distortion of alveolar ducts, where the fiber cable-network is enriched and tensile forces are concentrated. Strategies targeting DDR2 could help guide fibroblasts to locations where tensile forces organize parenchymal repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen E McGowan
- Department of Veterans Affairs Research Service, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hakeem RM, Subramanian BC, Hockenberry MA, King ZT, Butler MT, Legant WR, Bear JE. A Photopolymerized Hydrogel System with Dual Stiffness Gradients Reveals Distinct Actomyosin-Based Mechano-Responses in Fibroblast Durotaxis. ACS Nano 2023; 17:197-211. [PMID: 36475639 PMCID: PMC9839609 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c05941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Durotaxis, migration of cells directed by a stiffness gradient, is critical in development and disease. To distinguish durotaxis-specific migration mechanisms from those on uniform substrate stiffnesses, we engineered an all-in-one photopolymerized hydrogel system containing areas of stiffness gradients with dual slopes (steep and shallow), adjacent to uniform stiffness (soft and stiff) regions. While fibroblasts rely on nonmuscle myosin II (NMII) activity and the LIM-domain protein Zyxin, ROCK and the Arp2/3 complex are surprisingly dispensable for durotaxis on either stiffness gradient. Additionally, loss of either actin-elongator Formin-like 3 (FMNL3) or actin-bundler fascin has little impact on durotactic response on stiffness gradients. However, lack of Arp2/3 activity results in a filopodia-based durotactic migration that is equally as efficient as that of lamellipodia-based durotactic migration. Importantly, we uncover essential and specific roles for FMNL3 and fascin in the formation and asymmetric distribution of filopodia during filopodia-based durotaxis response to the stiffness gradients. Together, our tunable all-in-one hydrogel system serves to identify both conserved as well as distinct molecular mechanisms that underlie mechano-responses of cells experiencing altered slopes of stiffness gradients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reem M Hakeem
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, UNC-Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC-Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Bhagawat C Subramanian
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC-Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Max A Hockenberry
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, UNC-Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC-Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, UNC-Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Zayna T King
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, UNC-Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC-Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Mitchell T Butler
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, UNC-Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC-Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Wesley R Legant
- Department of Pharmacology, UNC-Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - James E Bear
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, UNC-Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC-Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Martynova NY, Parshina EA, Zaraisky AG. Cytoskeletal protein Zyxin in embryonic development: from controlling cell movements and pluripotency to regulating embryonic patterning. FEBS J 2023; 290:66-72. [PMID: 34854244 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The Lim-domain protein Zyxin was initially identified as a minor actin cytoskeleton protein that regulates the assembly and repair of actin filaments. At the same time, additional functions revealed for Zyxin in recent decades indicate that this protein can also play an important role in regulating gene expression and cell differentiation. In this review, we analysed the data in the literature pointing to Zyxin as one of the possible molecular hubs linking morphogenetic cell movements with gene expression, stem cell status regulation and pattern formation during the most complex processes in organism life, embryogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Y Martynova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena A Parshina
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey G Zaraisky
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lynch AM, Zhu Y, Lucas BG, Winkelman JD, Bai K, Martin SCT, Block S, Slabodnick MM, Audhya A, Goldstein B, Pettitt J, Gardel ML, Hardin J. TES-1/Tes and ZYX-1/ Zyxin protect junctional actin networks under tension during epidermal morphogenesis in the C. elegans embryo. Curr Biol 2022; 32:5189-5199.e6. [PMID: 36384139 PMCID: PMC9729467 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
LIM-domain-containing repeat (LCR) proteins are recruited to strained actin filaments within stress fibers in cultured cells,1,2,3 but their roles at cell-cell junctions in living organisms have not been extensively studied. Here, we show that the Caenorhabditis elegans LCR proteins TES-1/Tes and ZYX-1/Zyxin are recruited to apical junctions during embryonic elongation when junctions are under tension. In genetic backgrounds in which embryonic elongation fails, junctional recruitment is severely compromised. The two proteins display complementary patterns of expression: TES-1 is expressed in lateral (seam) epidermal cells, whereas ZYX-1 is expressed in dorsal and ventral epidermal cells. tes-1 and zyx-1 mutant embryos display junctional F-actin defects. The loss of either protein strongly enhances morphogenetic defects in hypomorphic mutant backgrounds for cadherin/catenin complex (CCC) components. The LCR regions of TES-1 and ZYX-1 are recruited to stress fiber strain sites (SFSSs) in cultured vertebrate cells. Together, these data establish TES-1 and ZYX-1 as components of a multicellular, tension-sensitive system that stabilizes the junctional actin cytoskeleton during embryonic morphogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allison M Lynch
- Program in Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Yuyun Zhu
- Program in Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Bethany G Lucas
- Department of Biology, Regis University, 3333 Regis Boulevard, Denver, CO 80221, USA
| | - Jonathan D Winkelman
- Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Keliya Bai
- University of Aberdeen, Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | | | - Samuel Block
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Mark M Slabodnick
- Department of Biology, Knox University, Galesburg, IL 61401, USA; Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Anjon Audhya
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Bob Goldstein
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jonathan Pettitt
- University of Aberdeen, Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Margaret L Gardel
- Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Physics, James Franck Institute and Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jeff Hardin
- Program in Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Biophysics Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Partynska A, Gomulkiewicz A, Piotrowska A, Grzegrzolka J, Rzechonek A, Ratajczak-Wielgomas K, Podhorska-Okolow M, Dziegiel P. Expression of Zyxin in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer-A Preliminary Study. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12060827. [PMID: 35740950 PMCID: PMC9221212 DOI: 10.3390/biom12060827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The potential involvement of zyxin (ZYX) in carcinogenesis has been investigated in many cancer types. However, there are a limited number of studies on the role of ZYX in the progression of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Since lung cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed carcinomas, the aim of our study was to determine the localization and expression levels of ZYX in NSCLC and to correlate the results with the clinicopathological data. Materials and Methods: The expression of ZYX was assessed in NSCLC cases and in cell lines representing this tumor type. Levels of ZYX were determined in the clinical material using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western Blot. Real-time PCR was used to assess ZYX mRNA levels. The expression of ZYX was also checked in NSCLC cell lines using real-time PCR, Western Blot, and immunofluorescence/immunocytochemistry. Results: The results showed lower levels of ZYX in NSCLC cells compared with control tissues. This trend was observed at the protein and mRNA levels. The assays on the NSCLC model also demonstrated lower levels of ZYX in cancer cells compared with control cells. Conclusions: The decreased expression of ZYX in NSCLC may indicate a suppressor role of this protein in NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Partynska
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.G.); (A.P.); (J.G.); (K.R.-W.); (P.D.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Agnieszka Gomulkiewicz
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.G.); (A.P.); (J.G.); (K.R.-W.); (P.D.)
| | - Aleksandra Piotrowska
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.G.); (A.P.); (J.G.); (K.R.-W.); (P.D.)
| | - Jedrzej Grzegrzolka
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.G.); (A.P.); (J.G.); (K.R.-W.); (P.D.)
| | - Adam Rzechonek
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, 53-439 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Ratajczak-Wielgomas
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.G.); (A.P.); (J.G.); (K.R.-W.); (P.D.)
| | - Marzenna Podhorska-Okolow
- Division of Ultrastructural Research, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Piotr Dziegiel
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.G.); (A.P.); (J.G.); (K.R.-W.); (P.D.)
- Division of Human Biology, Faculty of Physiotherapy, University School of Physical Education in Wroclaw, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Parshina EA, Orlov EE, Zaraisky AG, Martynova NY. The Cytoskeletal Protein Zyxin Inhibits Retinoic Acid Signaling by Destabilizing the Maternal mRNA of the RXRγ Nuclear Receptor. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5627. [PMID: 35628438 PMCID: PMC9147113 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Zyxin is an LIM-domain-containing protein that regulates the assembly of F-actin filaments in cell contacts. Additionally, as a result of mechanical stress, Zyxin can enter nuclei and regulate gene expression. Previously, we found that Zyxin could affect mRNA stability of the maternally derived stemness factors of Pou5f3 family in Xenopus laevis embryos through binding to Y-box factor1. In the present work, we demonstrate that Zyxin can also affect mRNA stability of the maternally derived retinoid receptor Rxrγ through the same mechanism. Moreover, we confirmed the functional link between Zyxin and Rxrγ-dependent gene expression. As a result, Zyxin appears to play an essential role in the regulation of the retinoic acid signal pathway during early embryonic development. Besides, our research indicates that the mechanism based on the mRNA destabilization by Zyxin may take part in the control of the expression of a fairly wide range of maternal genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena A. Parshina
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (E.E.O.); (A.G.Z.)
| | - Eugeny E. Orlov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (E.E.O.); (A.G.Z.)
| | - Andrey G. Zaraisky
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (E.E.O.); (A.G.Z.)
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia Y. Martynova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (E.E.O.); (A.G.Z.)
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yip AK, Zhang S, Chong LH, Cheruba E, Woon JYX, Chua TX, Goh CJH, Yang H, Tay CY, Koh CG, Chiam KH. Zyxin Is Involved in Fibroblast Rigidity Sensing and Durotaxis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:735298. [PMID: 34869319 PMCID: PMC8637444 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.735298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesions (FAs) are specialized structures that enable cells to sense their extracellular matrix rigidity and transmit these signals to the interior of the cells, bringing about actin cytoskeleton reorganization, FA maturation, and cell migration. It is known that cells migrate towards regions of higher substrate rigidity, a phenomenon known as durotaxis. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of durotaxis and how different proteins in the FA are involved remain unclear. Zyxin is a component of the FA that has been implicated in connecting the actin cytoskeleton to the FA. We have found that knocking down zyxin impaired NIH3T3 fibroblast's ability to sense and respond to changes in extracellular matrix in terms of their FA sizes, cell traction stress magnitudes and F-actin organization. Cell migration speed of zyxin knockdown fibroblasts was also independent of the underlying substrate rigidity, unlike wild type fibroblasts which migrated fastest at an intermediate substrate rigidity of 14 kPa. Wild type fibroblasts exhibited durotaxis by migrating toward regions of increasing substrate rigidity on polyacrylamide gels with substrate rigidity gradient, while zyxin knockdown fibroblasts did not exhibit durotaxis. Therefore, we propose zyxin as an essential protein that is required for rigidity sensing and durotaxis through modulating FA sizes, cell traction stress and F-actin organization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ai Kia Yip
- Bioinformatics Institute ASTAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Songjing Zhang
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lor Huai Chong
- Bioinformatics Institute ASTAR, Singapore, Singapore.,School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | | | - Jessie Yong Xing Woon
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Theng Xuan Chua
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Haibo Yang
- Mechanobiology Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chor Yong Tay
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,Environmental Chemistry and Materials Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore.,Energy Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cheng-Gee Koh
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sporkova A, Ghosh S, Al-Hasani J, Hecker M. Lin11-Isl1-Mec3 Domain Proteins as Mechanotransducers in Endothelial and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Front Physiol 2021; 12:769321. [PMID: 34867475 PMCID: PMC8640458 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.769321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Arterial hypertension is the leading risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, little is known about the cellular mechanisms underlying it. In small arteries and arterioles, a chronic increase in blood pressure raises wall tension and hence stretches, namely, the medial vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) but also endothelial cell (EC) to cell contacts. Initially compensated by an increase in vascular tone, the continuous biomechanical strain causes a prominent change in gene expression in both cell types, frequently driving an arterial inward remodeling process that ultimately results in a reduction in lumen diameter, stiffening of the vessel wall, and fixation of blood pressure, namely, diastolic blood pressure, at the elevated level. Sensing and propagation of this supraphysiological stretch into the nucleus of VSMC and EC therefore seems to be a crucial step in the initiation and advancement of hypertension-induced arterial remodeling. Focal adhesions (FA) represent an important interface between the extracellular matrix and Lin11-Isl1-Mec3 (LIM) domain-containing proteins, which can translocate from the FA into the nucleus where they affect gene expression. The varying biomechanical cues to which vascular cells are exposed can thus be rapidly and specifically propagated to the nucleus. Zyxin was the first protein described with such mechanotransducing properties. It comprises 3 C-terminal LIM domains, a leucine-rich nuclear export signal, and N-terminal features that support its association with the actin cytoskeleton. In the cytoplasm, zyxin promotes actin assembly and organization as well as cell motility. In EC, zyxin acts as a transcription factor, whereas in VSMC, it has a less direct effect on mechanosensitive gene expression. In terms of homology and structural features, lipoma preferred partner is the nearest relative of zyxin among the LIM domain proteins. It is almost exclusively expressed by smooth muscle cells in the adult, resides like zyxin at FA but seems to affect mechanosensitive gene expression indirectly, possibly via altering cortical actin dynamics. Here, we highlight what is currently known about the role of these LIM domain proteins in mechanosensing and transduction in vascular cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Sporkova
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Subhajit Ghosh
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jaafar Al-Hasani
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) Partner Site, Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Markus Hecker
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) Partner Site, Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kang X, Deng Y, Cao Y, Huo Y, Luo J. Zyxin Mediates Vascular Repair via Endothelial Migration Promoted by Forskolin in Mice. Front Physiol 2021; 12:741699. [PMID: 34690814 PMCID: PMC8531502 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.741699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Endothelial repair upon vascular injury is critical for the protection of vessel integrity and prevention of the development of vascular disorders, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the role of zyxin and its associated cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling in the regulation of re-endothelialization after vascular injury. Experimental Approach: In zyxin-/- and wild-type mice, wire injury of the carotid artery was carried out, followed by Evans blue staining, to evaluate the re-endothelialization. Mice with endothelium-specific zyxin knockout were used to further determine its role. An in vitro wound-healing assay was performed in primary human endothelial cells (ECs) expressing zyxin-specific short-hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) or scrambled controls by measuring cell migration and proliferation. The effects of the cAMP signaling agonist forskolin were assessed. Key Results: The re-endothelialization of the injured carotid artery was impaired in zyxin-deficient mice, whereas the rate of cell proliferation was comparable with that in wild-type controls. Furthermore, endothelium-specific deletion of zyxin led to similar phenotypes. Knockdown of zyxin by shRNAs in primary human ECs significantly reduced cell migration in the wound-healing assay. Notably, forskolin enhanced endothelial migration in a dose-dependent manner, and this was dependent on zyxin through its interaction with vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein. In addition, forskolin promoted the re-endothelialization of the injured carotid artery, and this was compromised by zyxin deficiency. Conclusion and Implications: This study reveals zyxin as a new player in endothelial repair, which is promoted by forskolin, after vascular injury. Thus, zyxin-mediated signaling might be a potential treatment target for diseases involving vascular injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuya Kang
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, School of Future Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Deng
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, School of Future Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, School of Future Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingqing Huo
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, School of Future Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jincai Luo
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, School of Future Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sun X, Phua DYZ, Axiotakis L, Smith MA, Blankman E, Gong R, Cail RC, Espinosa de Los Reyes S, Beckerle MC, Waterman CM, Alushin GM. Mechanosensing through Direct Binding of Tensed F-Actin by LIM Domains. Dev Cell 2020; 55:468-482.e7. [PMID: 33058779 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical signals transmitted through the cytoplasmic actin cytoskeleton must be relayed to the nucleus to control gene expression. LIM domains are protein-protein interaction modules found in cytoskeletal proteins and transcriptional regulators. Here, we identify three LIM protein families (zyxin, paxillin, and FHL) whose members preferentially localize to the actin cytoskeleton in mechanically stimulated cells through their tandem LIM domains. A minimal actin-myosin reconstitution system reveals that representatives of all three families directly bind F-actin only in the presence of mechanical force. Point mutations at a site conserved in each LIM domain of these proteins disrupt tensed F-actin binding in vitro and cytoskeletal localization in cells, demonstrating a common, avidity-based mechanism. Finally, we find that binding to tensed F-actin in the cytoplasm excludes the cancer-associated transcriptional co-activator FHL2 from the nucleus in stiff microenvironments. This establishes direct force-activated F-actin binding as a mechanosensing mechanism by which cytoskeletal tension can govern nuclear localization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Sun
- Laboratory of Structural Biophysics and Mechanobiology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Donovan Y Z Phua
- Laboratory of Structural Biophysics and Mechanobiology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Lucas Axiotakis
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Interactions, Cell Biology and Physiology Center, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mark A Smith
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Elizabeth Blankman
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Rui Gong
- Laboratory of Structural Biophysics and Mechanobiology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Robert C Cail
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Interactions, Cell Biology and Physiology Center, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Mary C Beckerle
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Clare M Waterman
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Gregory M Alushin
- Laboratory of Structural Biophysics and Mechanobiology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Laboratory of Macromolecular Interactions, Cell Biology and Physiology Center, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zonderland J, Gomes DB, Pallada Y, Moldero IL, Camarero‐Espinosa S, Moroni L. Mechanosensitive regulation of stanniocalcin-1 by zyxin and actin-myosin in human mesenchymal stromal cells. Stem Cells 2020; 38:948-959. [PMID: 32379914 PMCID: PMC7497098 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Stanniocalcin-1 (STC1) secreted by mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) has anti-inflammatory functions, reduces apoptosis, and aids in angiogenesis, both in vitro and in vivo. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of its regulation. Here, we show that STC1 secretion is increased only under specific cell-stress conditions. We find that this is due to a change in actin stress fibers and actin-myosin tension. Abolishment of stress fibers by blebbistatin and knockdown of the focal adhesion protein zyxin leads to an increase in STC1 secretion. To also study this connection in 3D, where few focal adhesions and actin stress fibers are present, STC1 expression was analyzed in 3D alginate hydrogels and 3D electrospun scaffolds. Indeed, STC1 secretion was increased in these low cellular tension 3D environments. Together, our data show that STC1 does not directly respond to cell stress, but that it is regulated through mechanotransduction. This research takes a step forward in the fundamental understanding of STC1 regulation and can have implications for cell-based regenerative medicine, where cell survival, anti-inflammatory factors, and angiogenesis are critical.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jip Zonderland
- Complex Tissue Regeneration Department, MERLN Institute for Technology‐Inspired Regenerative MedicineMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - David B. Gomes
- Complex Tissue Regeneration Department, MERLN Institute for Technology‐Inspired Regenerative MedicineMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Yves Pallada
- Complex Tissue Regeneration Department, MERLN Institute for Technology‐Inspired Regenerative MedicineMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Ivan L. Moldero
- Complex Tissue Regeneration Department, MERLN Institute for Technology‐Inspired Regenerative MedicineMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Sandra Camarero‐Espinosa
- Complex Tissue Regeneration Department, MERLN Institute for Technology‐Inspired Regenerative MedicineMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Lorenzo Moroni
- Complex Tissue Regeneration Department, MERLN Institute for Technology‐Inspired Regenerative MedicineMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Joosten B, Willemse M, Fransen J, Cambi A, van den Dries K. Super-Resolution Correlative Light and Electron Microscopy (SR-CLEM) Reveals Novel Ultrastructural Insights Into Dendritic Cell Podosomes. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1908. [PMID: 30186284 PMCID: PMC6113363 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Podosomes are multimolecular cytoskeletal structures that coordinate the migration of tissue-resident dendritic cells (DCs). They consist of a protrusive actin-rich core and an adhesive integrin-rich ring that contains adaptor proteins such as vinculin and zyxin. Individual podosomes are typically interconnected by a dense network of actin filaments giving rise to large podosome clusters. The actin density in podosome clusters complicates the analysis of podosomes by light microscopy alone. Here, we present an optimized procedure for performing super-resolution correlative light and electron microscopy (SR-CLEM) to study the organization of multiple proteins with respect to actin in podosome clusters at the ventral plasma membrane of DCs. We demonstrate that our procedure is suited to correlate at least three colors in super-resolution Airyscan microscopy with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Using this procedure, we first reveal an intriguing complexity in the organization of ventral and radiating actin filaments in clusters formed by DCs which was not properly detected before by light microscopy alone. Next, we demonstrate a differential organization of vinculin and zyxin with respect to the actin filaments at podosomes. While vinculin mostly resides at sites where the actin filaments connect to the cell membrane, zyxin is primarily associated with filaments close to and on top of the core. Finally, we reveal a novel actin-based structure with SEM that connects closely associated podosome cores and which may be important for podosome topography sensing. Interestingly, these interpodosomal connections, in contrast to the radiating and ventral actin filaments appear to be insensitive to inhibition of actin polymerization suggesting that these pools of actin are not dynamically coupled. Together, our work demonstrates the power of correlating different imaging modalities for studying multimolecular cellular structures and could potentially be further exploited to study processes at the ventral plasma membrane of immune cells such as clathrin-mediated endocytosis or immune synapse formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ben Joosten
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Marieke Willemse
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Microscopic Imaging Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Jack Fransen
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Microscopic Imaging Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Alessandra Cambi
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Koen van den Dries
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ghosh S, Kollar B, Nahar T, Suresh Babu S, Wojtowicz A, Sticht C, Gretz N, Wagner AH, Korff T, Hecker M. Loss of the mechanotransducer zyxin promotes a synthetic phenotype of vascular smooth muscle cells. J Am Heart Assoc 2015; 4:e001712. [PMID: 26071033 PMCID: PMC4599528 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.114.001712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Background Exposure of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) to excessive cyclic stretch such as in hypertension causes a shift in their phenotype. The focal adhesion protein zyxin can transduce such biomechanical stimuli to the nucleus of both endothelial cells and VSMCs, albeit with different thresholds and kinetics. However, there is no distinct vascular phenotype in young zyxin-deficient mice, possibly due to functional redundancy among other gene products belonging to the zyxin family. Analyzing zyxin function in VSMCs at the cellular level might thus offer a better mechanistic insight. We aimed to characterize zyxin-dependent changes in gene expression in VSMCs exposed to biomechanical stretch and define the functional role of zyxin in controlling the resultant VSMC phenotype. Methods and Results DNA microarray analysis was used to identify genes and pathways that were zyxin regulated in static and stretched human umbilical artery–derived and mouse aortic VSMCs. Zyxin-null VSMCs showed a remarkable shift to a growth-promoting, less apoptotic, promigratory and poorly contractile phenotype with ≈90% of the stretch-responsive genes being zyxin dependent. Interestingly, zyxin-null cells already seemed primed for such a synthetic phenotype, with mechanical stretch further accentuating it. This could be accounted for by higher RhoA activity and myocardin-related transcription factor-A mainly localized to the nucleus of zyxin-null VSMCs, and a condensed and localized accumulation of F-actin upon stretch. Conclusions At the cellular level, zyxin is a key regulator of stretch-induced gene expression. Loss of zyxin drives VSMCs toward a synthetic phenotype, a process further consolidated by exaggerated stretch.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subhajit Ghosh
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Heidelberg, Germany (S.G., B.K., T.N., A.H.W., T.K.)
| | - Branislav Kollar
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Heidelberg, Germany (S.G., B.K., T.N., A.H.W., T.K.)
| | - Taslima Nahar
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Heidelberg, Germany (S.G., B.K., T.N., A.H.W., T.K.)
| | - Sahana Suresh Babu
- Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX (S.S.B.)
| | - Agnieszka Wojtowicz
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland (A.W.)
| | - Carsten Sticht
- ZMF, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany (C.S., N.G.)
| | - Norbert Gretz
- ZMF, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany (C.S., N.G.)
| | - Andreas H Wagner
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Heidelberg, Germany (S.G., B.K., T.N., A.H.W., T.K.)
| | - Thomas Korff
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Heidelberg, Germany (S.G., B.K., T.N., A.H.W., T.K.)
| | - Markus Hecker
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Heidelberg and Deutsches Zentrum Für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung E.V. (DZHK), Partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany (M.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Parisi DN, Martinez LR. Intracellular Haemophilus influenzae invades the brain: is zyxin a critical blood brain barrier component regulated by TNF-α? Virulence 2015; 5:645-7. [PMID: 25127527 DOI: 10.4161/viru.36086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dana N Parisi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; Long Island University-Post; Brookville, NY USA
| | - Luis R Martinez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; College of Osteopathic Medicine; New York Institute of Technology; Old Westbury, NY USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kim YJ, Sertamo K, Pierrard MA, Mesmin C, Kim SY, Schlesser M, Berchem G, Domon B. Verification of the biomarker candidates for non-small-cell lung cancer using a targeted proteomics approach. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:1412-9. [PMID: 25597550 DOI: 10.1021/pr5010828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer, with its high metastatic potential and high mortality rate, is the worldwide leading cause of cancer-related deaths. High-throughput "omics"-based platforms have accelerated the discovery of biomarkers for lung cancer, and the resulting candidates are to be evaluated for their diagnostic potential as noninvasive biomarkers. The evaluation of the biomarker candidates involves the quantitative measurement of large numbers of proteins in bodily fluids using advanced mass spectrometric techniques. In this study, a robust pipeline based on targeted proteomics was developed for biomarker verification in plasma samples and applied to verifying lung cancer biomarker candidates. Highly multiplexed liquid chromatrography-selected reaction monitoring (LC-SRM) assays for 95 potential tumor markers for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were generated to screen plasma samples obtained from 72, early to late stage, patients. A total of 17 proteins were verified as potent tumor markers detectable in plasma and, where available, verified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). A novel plasma-based biomarker, zyxin, fulfilled the criteria for a potential early diagnostic marker for NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yeoun Jin Kim
- Luxembourg Clinical Proteomics Center, Luxembourg Institute of Health , Strassen L-1445, Luxembourg
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Miyazaki Y, Yusa T, Matsuo S, Terauchi Y, Miyazaki S. Zyxin modulates the transmigration of Haemophilus influenzae to the central nervous system. Virulence 2014; 5:665-72. [PMID: 25025691 DOI: 10.4161/viru.29786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism by which Haemophilus influenzae causes meningitis is unclear. Previously, we established murine meningitis by intranasal instillation of H. influenzae as a cell-bound organism (CBO). In this study, we aimed to identify the molecules associated with inhibiting the transmigration of cells across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis and protein identification by mass spectrometry were used for proteomic analysis. Analysis of the membranous extract from a tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-treated human brain microvascular endothelial cell (HBMEC) monolayer revealed 41 differentially expressed proteins. Zyxin, which is thought to be essential for tight cell-to-cell junctions, decreased 1.8-fold in TNF-α-treated HBMECs. In addition, zyxin transcript levels decreased 1.5-fold in cells derived from TNF-α-treated HBMECs. Intranasal instillation of CBOs in zyxin-deficient mice resulted in a significant higher mortality rate than in wild-type mice. Transmigration of CBOs across a HBMEC monolayer pretreated with TNF-α (1 ng/mL), interleukin (IL)-1β (10 ng/mL), or lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 10 ng/mL) was assayed by counting CBOs that migrated from an upper chamber into a lower chamber. HBMEC pretreated with TNF-α exhibited significantly greater migration (P<0.01) than did control cells or cells treated with IL-1β or LPS. Our findings highlight that zyxin is an important protein protecting the tight junction of the BBB against cell transmigration across the BBB. Finally, TNF-α produced in respiratory infection when the primary infection reached the BBB caused decreased zyxin levels in BBB cell membranes. Furthermore, H. influenzae reaching the BBB as CBOs could transmigrate into cerebrospinal fluid across the zyxin-decreased BBB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Miyazaki
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism; Yokohama City University School of Medicine; Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Yusa
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology; Center for Advanced Research; Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Toho University; Ota, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Saburo Matsuo
- Laboratory of Toxicology; Course of Veterinary Science; Graduate School of Life and Environmental Biosciences; Osaka Prefecture University; Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuo Terauchi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism; Yokohama City University School of Medicine; Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shuichi Miyazaki
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology; Center for Advanced Research; Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Toho University; Ota, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Smith MA, Hoffman LM, Beckerle MC. LIM proteins in actin cytoskeleton mechanoresponse. Trends Cell Biol 2014; 24:575-83. [PMID: 24933506 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2014.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton assembles into branched networks or bundles to generate mechanical force for critical cellular processes such as establishment of polarity, adhesion, and migration. Stress fibers (SFs) are contractile actomyosin structures that physically couple to the extracellular matrix through integrin-based focal adhesions (FAs), thereby transmitting force into and across the cell. Recently, LIN-11, Isl1, and MEC-3 (LIM) domain proteins have been implicated in mediating this cytoskeletal mechanotransduction. Among the more well-studied LIM domain adapter proteins is zyxin, a dynamic component of both FAs and SFs. Here we discuss recent research detailing the mechanisms by which SFs adjust their structure and composition to balance mechanical forces and suggest ways that zyxin and other LIM domain proteins mediate mechanoresponse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Smith
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - L M Hoffman
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - M C Beckerle
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Bianchi-Smiraglia A, Kunnev D, Limoge M, Lee A, Beckerle MC, Bakin AV. Integrin-β5 and zyxin mediate formation of ventral stress fibers in response to transforming growth factor β. Cell Cycle 2013; 12:3377-89. [PMID: 24036928 DOI: 10.4161/cc.26388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix is an essential element of various biological processes. TGF-β cytokines regulate the matrix components and cell-matrix adhesions. The present study investigates the molecular organization of TGF-β-induced matrix adhesions. The study demonstrates that in various mouse and human epithelial cells TGF-β induces cellular structures containing 2 matrix adhesions bridged by a stretch of actin fibers. These structures are similar to ventral stress fibers (VSFs). Suppression of integrin-β5 by RNA interference reduces VSFs in majority of cells (> 75%), while overexpression of integrin-β5 fragments revealed a critical role of a distinct sequence in the cytoplasmic domain of integrin-β5 in the VSF structures. In addition, the integrity of actin fibers and Src kinase activity contribute to integrin-β5-mediated signaling and VSF formation. TGF-β-Smad signaling upregulates actin-regulatory proteins, such as caldesmon, zyxin, and zyxin-binding protein Csrp1 in mouse and human epithelial cells. Suppression of zyxin markedly inhibits formation of VSFs in response to TGF-β and integrin-β5. Zyxin is localized at actin fibers and matrix adhesions of VSFs and might bridge integrin-β5-mediated adhesions to actin fibers. These findings provide a platform for defining the molecular mechanism regulating the organization and activities of VSFs in response to TGF-β.
Collapse
|
26
|
Poythress RH, Gallant C, Vetterkind S, Morgan KG. Vasoconstrictor-induced endocytic recycling regulates focal adhesion protein localization and function in vascular smooth muscle. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2013; 305:C215-27. [PMID: 23703522 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00103.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Turnover of focal adhesions (FAs) is known to be critical for cell migration and adhesion of proliferative vascular smooth muscle (VSM) cells. However, it is often assumed that FAs in nonmigratory, differentiated VSM (dVSM) cells embedded in the wall of healthy blood vessels are stable structures. Recent work has demonstrated agonist-induced actin polymerization and Src-dependent FA phosphorylation in dVSM cells, suggesting that agonist-induced FA remodeling occurs. However, the mechanisms and extent of FA remodeling are largely unknown in dVSM. Here we show, for the first time, that a distinct subpopulation of dVSM FA proteins, but not the entire FA, remodels in response to the α-agonist phenylephrine. Vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein and zyxin displayed the largest redistributions, while β-integrin and FA kinase showed undetectable redistribution. Vinculin, metavinculin, Src, Crk-associated substrate, and paxillin displayed intermediate degrees of redistribution. Redistributions into membrane fractions were especially prominent, suggesting endosomal mechanisms. Deconvolution microscopy, quantitative colocalization analysis, and Duolink proximity ligation assays revealed that phenylephrine increases the association of FA proteins with early endosomal markers Rab5 and early endosomal antigen 1. Endosomal disruption with the small-molecule inhibitor primaquine inhibits agonist-induced redistribution of FA proteins, confirming endosomal recycling. FA recycling was also inhibited by cytochalasin D, latrunculin B, and colchicine, indicating that the redistribution is actin- and microtubule-dependent. Furthermore, inhibition of endosomal recycling causes a significant inhibition of the rate of development of agonist-induced dVSM contractions. Thus these studies are consistent with the concept that FAs in dVSM cells, embedded in the wall of the aorta, remodel during the action of a vasoconstrictor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ransom H Poythress
- Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Grange J, Moody JD, Ascione MPA, Hansen MDH. Zyxin-VASP interactions alter actin regulatory activity in zyxin-VASP complexes. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2013; 18:1-10. [PMID: 23076992 PMCID: PMC6275665 DOI: 10.2478/s11658-012-0035-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-cell and cell-substrate adhesions are sites of dramatic actin rearrangements and where actin-membrane connections are tightly regulated. Zyxin-VASP complexes localize to sites of cell-cell and cell-substrate adhesion and function to regulate actin dynamics and actin-membrane connections at these sites. To accomplish these functions, zyxin recruits VASP to cellular sites via proline-rich binding sites near zyxin's amino terminus. While the prevailing thought has been that zyxin simply acts as a scaffold protein for VASP binding, the identification of a LIM domain-VASP interaction could complicate this view. Here we assess how zyxin-VASP binding through both the proline rich motifs and the LIM domains alters specific VASP functions. We find that neither individual interaction alters VASP's actin regulatory activities. In contrast, however, we find that full-length zyxin dramatically reduces VASP-mediated actin bundling and actin assembly. Taken together, these results suggest a model where zyxin-VASP complexes occur in complex organizations with suppressed actin regulatory activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Grange
- Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, 574 WIDB Provo, Brigham, UT 84602 USA
| | - James D. Moody
- Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, 574 WIDB Provo, Brigham, UT 84602 USA
| | - Marc P. A. Ascione
- Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, 574 WIDB Provo, Brigham, UT 84602 USA
| | - Marc D. H. Hansen
- Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, 574 WIDB Provo, Brigham, UT 84602 USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Hirata H, Tatsumi H, Sokabe M. Zyxin emerges as a key player in the mechanotransduction at cell adhesive structures. Commun Integr Biol 2012; 1:192-5. [PMID: 19513257 DOI: 10.4161/cib.1.2.7001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2008] [Accepted: 09/17/2008] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Actin stress fiber (SF), focal adhesion (FA) and adherens junction (AJ) are known structures whose formation and development are mechanical force-dependent. At these structures, actin is actively polymerized, which in turn contributes the development of these structures. Recently, we reported that actin polymerization at FAs is facilitated by mechanical forces, which was critically dependent on the force-induced recruitment of the LIM protein zyxin to FAs. Zyxin enhances actin polymerization with the aid of Ena/VASP proteins. Both zyxin and Ena/VASP proteins are localized not only to FAs but also to AJs and SFs, facilitating actin polymerization at these structures. We discuss here the possibility that zyxin is a common mechanotransducer element regulating actin polymerization at FAs, AJs and SFs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Hirata
- Cell Mechanosensing Project; ICORP/SORST; Japan Science and Technology Agency; Nagoya Japan; Department of Molecular Physiology; National Institute for Physiological Sciences; National Institutes of Natural Sciences; Okazaki Japan; Department of Physiology; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Nagoya Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
Spatially controlled actin filament assembly is critical for numerous processes, including the vectorial cell migration required for wound healing, cell- mediated immunity, and embryogenesis. One protein implicated in the regulation of actin assembly is zyxin, a protein concentrated at sites where the fast growing ends of actin filaments are enriched. To evaluate the role of zyxin in vivo, we developed a specific peptide inhibitor of zyxin function that blocks its interaction with alpha-actinin and displaces it from its normal subcellular location. Mislocalization of zyxin perturbs cell migration and spreading, and affects the behavior of the cell edge, a structure maintained by assembly of actin at sites proximal to the plasma membrane. These results support a role for zyxin in cell motility, and demonstrate that the correct positioning of zyxin within the cell is critical for its physiological function. Interestingly, the mislocalization of zyxin in the peptide-injected cells is accompanied by disturbances in the distribution of Ena/VASP family members, proteins that have a well-established role in promoting actin assembly. In concert with previous work, our findings suggest that zyxin promotes the spatially restricted assembly of protein complexes necessary for cell motility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beth E. Drees
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-5550
| | - Katy M. Andrews
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-5550
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-5550
| | - Mary C. Beckerle
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-5550
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Svoboda KK, Orlow DL, Ashrafzadeh A, Jirawuthiworavong G. Zyxin and vinculin distribution at the cell-extracellular matrix attachment complex (CMAX) in corneal epithelial tissue are actin dependent. Anat Rec 1999; 254:336-47. [PMID: 10096665 PMCID: PMC2761623 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0185(19990301)254:3<336::aid-ar4>3.0.co;2-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Avian embryonic corneal epithelia are two cell layers thick. If isolated without (-) basal lamina, the basal cells have unorganized actin and project cytoplasmic protrusions termed blebs. The actin-based cytoskeleton at the cell-extracellular matrix junction (termed the actin cortical mat) is disrupted. These epithelia respond to soluble extracellular matrix molecules by reorganizing the actin cortical mat. Sheets of epithelia were isolated + or -basal lamina. Epithelia isolated -basal lamina were cultured +/- laminin-1 and/or +/- cytochalasin D (CD). The intracellular localization of zyxin, vinculin, paxillin, focal adhesion kinase, and tensin was determined using indirect immunohistochemistry. Protein levels were determined by Western blot analysis. Zyxin and vinculin were concentrated in two areas of the tissue. The interface between the upper cell layer (periderm) and the basal cells. The second area of concentration was at the inferior 1-4 microns of the basal cells in an area with multiple actin bundles termed the actin cortical mat. The actin bundles align toward zyxin and vinculin that were located near basal lateral membranes. Zyxin was displaced from the basal compartment of blebbing basal cells. In contrast tensin, vinculin and focal adhesion kinase were found diffusely throughout the blebs. Zyxin and vinculin redistributed to the basal-lateral membranes as actin bundles reorganized in laminin-stimulated epithelia. In contrast to the altered protein distribution, extractable protein levels were similar in blebbing and laminin-stimulated epithelia. Zyxin, vinculin, and other associated proteins were disrupted in the CD-treated tissues and do not colocalize with each other or CD-induced actin aggregates. The intracellular localization of zyxin and vinculin were concentrated in distinct areas along the inferior basolateral membranes of basal cells termed the cell-extracellular matrix attachment complex (CMAX). The distribution of CMAX proteins was dependent upon actin bundle organization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K K Svoboda
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Massachusetts 02118, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|