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Pourfarjam Y, Ventura J, Kurinov I, Cho A, Moss J, Kim IK. Structure of human ADP-ribosyl-acceptor hydrolase 3 bound to ADP-ribose reveals a conformational switch that enables specific substrate recognition. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:12350-12359. [PMID: 29907568 PMCID: PMC6093245 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.003586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
ADP-ribosyl-acceptor hydrolase 3 (ARH3) plays important roles in regulation of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation, a reversible post-translational modification, and in maintenance of genomic integrity. ARH3 degrades poly(ADP-ribose) to protect cells from poly(ADP-ribose)-dependent cell death, reverses serine mono(ADP-ribosyl)ation, and hydrolyzes O-acetyl-ADP-ribose, a product of Sirtuin-catalyzed histone deacetylation. ARH3 preferentially hydrolyzes O-linkages attached to the anomeric C1″ of ADP-ribose; however, how ARH3 specifically recognizes and cleaves structurally diverse substrates remains unknown. Here, structures of full-length human ARH3 bound to ADP-ribose and Mg2+, coupled with computational modeling, reveal a dramatic conformational switch from closed to open states that enables specific substrate recognition. The glutamate flap, which blocks substrate entrance to Mg2+ in the unliganded closed state, is ejected from the active site when substrate is bound. This closed-to-open transition significantly widens the substrate-binding channel and precisely positions the scissile 1″-O-linkage for cleavage while securing tightly 2″- and 3″-hydroxyls of ADP-ribose. Our collective data uncover an unprecedented structural plasticity of ARH3 that supports its specificity for the 1″-O-linkage in substrates and Mg2+-dependent catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasin Pourfarjam
- From the Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221
| | - Jessica Ventura
- From the Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221
| | - Igor Kurinov
- Cornell University, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern Collaborative Access Team Advanced Photon Source (NE-CAT APS), Argonne, Illinois 60439, and
| | - Ahra Cho
- From the Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221
| | - Joel Moss
- Pulmonary Branch, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - In-Kwon Kim
- From the Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, , Supported by the University of Cincinnati startup fund. To whom correspondence should be addressed:
Dept. of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, 301 Clifton Ct., Cincinnati, OH 45221. Tel.:
513-556-1909; Fax:
513-556-9239; E-mail:
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52
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Heeke AL, Pishvaian MJ, Lynce F, Xiu J, Brody JR, Chen WJ, Baker TM, Marshall JL, Isaacs C. Prevalence of Homologous Recombination-Related Gene Mutations Across Multiple Cancer Types. JCO Precis Oncol 2018; 2018. [PMID: 30234181 DOI: 10.1200/po.17.00286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The prevalence of homologous recombination DNA damage repair (HR-DDR) deficiencies among all tumor lineages is not well characterized. Therapy directed toward homologous recombination DDR deficiency (HRD) is now approved in ovarian and breast cancer, and there may be additional opportunities for benefit for patients with other cancers. Comprehensive evaluations for HRD are limited in part by the lack of a uniform, cost-effective method for testing and defining HRD. Methods Molecular profiles of 52,426 tumors were reviewed to identify pathogenic mutations in the HR-DDR genes ARID1A, ATM, ATRX, BAP1, BARD1, BLM, BRCA1/2, BRIP1, CHEK1/2, FANCA/C/D2/E/F/G/L, MRE11A, NBN, PALB2, RAD50, RAD51, RAD51B, or WRN. From solid tumors submitted to Caris Life Sciences, molecular profiles were generated using next-generation sequencing (NGS; average read depth, 500×). A total of 17,566 tumors were sequenced with NGS600 (n = 592 genes), and 34,860 tumors underwent hotspot Illumina MiSeq platform testing (n = 47 genes). Results Of the tumors that underwent NGS600 testing, the overall frequency of HRDDR mutations detected was 17.4%, and the most commonly mutated lineages were endometrial (34.4%; n = 1,475), biliary tract (28.9%; n = 343), bladder (23.9%; n = 201), hepatocellular (20.9%; n = 115), gastroesophageal (20.8%; n = 619), and ovarian (20.0%; n = 2,489). Least commonly mutated lineages included GI stromal (3.7%; n = 108), head and neck (6.8%; n = 206), and sarcoma (9.3%; n = 592). ARID1A was the most commonly mutated gene (7.2%), followed by BRCA2 (3.0%), BRCA1 (2.8%), ATM (1.3%), ATRX (1.3%), and CHEK2 (1.3%). Conclusions HR-DDR mutations were seen in 17.4% of tumors across 21 cancer lineages, providing a path to explore the role of HRD-directed therapies, including poly-ADP ribose polymerase inhibitors, DNA-damaging chemotherapies, and newer agents such as ATR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arielle L Heeke
- Arielle L. Heeke, Michael J. Pishvaian, Filipa Lynce, John L. Marshall, Claudine Isaacs, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, Joanne Xiu, Wang-Juh Chen, Tabari M. Baker, Caris Life Sciences, Inc., Phoenix, AZ; and Jonathan R. Brody, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Michael J Pishvaian
- Arielle L. Heeke, Michael J. Pishvaian, Filipa Lynce, John L. Marshall, Claudine Isaacs, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, Joanne Xiu, Wang-Juh Chen, Tabari M. Baker, Caris Life Sciences, Inc., Phoenix, AZ; and Jonathan R. Brody, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Filipa Lynce
- Arielle L. Heeke, Michael J. Pishvaian, Filipa Lynce, John L. Marshall, Claudine Isaacs, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, Joanne Xiu, Wang-Juh Chen, Tabari M. Baker, Caris Life Sciences, Inc., Phoenix, AZ; and Jonathan R. Brody, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Joanne Xiu
- Arielle L. Heeke, Michael J. Pishvaian, Filipa Lynce, John L. Marshall, Claudine Isaacs, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, Joanne Xiu, Wang-Juh Chen, Tabari M. Baker, Caris Life Sciences, Inc., Phoenix, AZ; and Jonathan R. Brody, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jonathan R Brody
- Arielle L. Heeke, Michael J. Pishvaian, Filipa Lynce, John L. Marshall, Claudine Isaacs, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, Joanne Xiu, Wang-Juh Chen, Tabari M. Baker, Caris Life Sciences, Inc., Phoenix, AZ; and Jonathan R. Brody, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Wang-Juh Chen
- Arielle L. Heeke, Michael J. Pishvaian, Filipa Lynce, John L. Marshall, Claudine Isaacs, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, Joanne Xiu, Wang-Juh Chen, Tabari M. Baker, Caris Life Sciences, Inc., Phoenix, AZ; and Jonathan R. Brody, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Tabari M Baker
- Arielle L. Heeke, Michael J. Pishvaian, Filipa Lynce, John L. Marshall, Claudine Isaacs, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, Joanne Xiu, Wang-Juh Chen, Tabari M. Baker, Caris Life Sciences, Inc., Phoenix, AZ; and Jonathan R. Brody, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - John L Marshall
- Arielle L. Heeke, Michael J. Pishvaian, Filipa Lynce, John L. Marshall, Claudine Isaacs, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, Joanne Xiu, Wang-Juh Chen, Tabari M. Baker, Caris Life Sciences, Inc., Phoenix, AZ; and Jonathan R. Brody, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Claudine Isaacs
- Arielle L. Heeke, Michael J. Pishvaian, Filipa Lynce, John L. Marshall, Claudine Isaacs, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, Joanne Xiu, Wang-Juh Chen, Tabari M. Baker, Caris Life Sciences, Inc., Phoenix, AZ; and Jonathan R. Brody, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
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53
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Delgado-Balderas JR, Garza-Rodriguez ML, Gomez-Macias GS, Barboza-Quintana A, Barboza-Quintana O, Cerda-Flores RM, Miranda-Maldonado I, Vazquez-Garcia HM, Valdez-Chapa LD, Antonio-Macedo M, Dean M, Barrera-Saldaña HA. Description of Genetic Variants in BRCA Genes in Mexican Patients with Ovarian Cancer: A First Step towards Implementing Personalized Medicine. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9070349. [PMID: 29997359 PMCID: PMC6071230 DOI: 10.3390/genes9070349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gynecologic cancers are among the leading causes of death worldwide, ovarian cancer being the one with the highest mortality rate. Olaparib is a targeted therapy used in patients presenting mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. The aim of this study was to describe BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene variants in Mexican patients with ovarian cancer. Sequencing of BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes from tumors of 50 Mexican patients with ovarian cancer was made in a retrospective, non-randomized, and exploratory study. We found genetic variants in 48 of 50 cases. A total of 76 polymorphic variants were found in BRCA1, of which 50 (66%) had not been previously reported. Furthermore, 104 polymorphic variants were found in BRCA2, of which 63 (60%) had not been reported previously. Of these polymorphisms, 5/76 (6.6%) and 4/104 (3.8%) were classified as pathogenic in BRCA1 and BRCA2, respectively. We have described the genetic variants in BRCA1 and BRCA2 of tumors from Northeast Mexican patients with sporadic ovarian cancers. Our results showed that the use of genetic testing helps recognize patients that carry pathogenic variants which could be beneficial for personalized medicine treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Rolando Delgado-Balderas
- Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey 64460, Mexico.
| | - Maria Lourdes Garza-Rodriguez
- Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey 64460, Mexico.
| | - Gabriela Sofia Gomez-Macias
- Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario "Dr. Jose Eleuterio-Gonzalez", Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey 64460, Mexico.
| | | | - Oralia Barboza-Quintana
- Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario "Dr. Jose Eleuterio-Gonzalez", Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey 64460, Mexico.
| | | | - Ivett Miranda-Maldonado
- Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario "Dr. Jose Eleuterio-Gonzalez", Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey 64460, Mexico.
| | | | - Lezmes Dionicio Valdez-Chapa
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Department, Hospital Universitario "Dr. Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez", Monterrey 64460, Mexico.
| | - Mauro Antonio-Macedo
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Department, Hospital Universitario "Dr. Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez", Monterrey 64460, Mexico.
| | - Michael Dean
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, DCEG, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Hugo A Barrera-Saldaña
- Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey 64460, Mexico.
- Vitagenesis SA de CV, Monterrey 64630, Mexico.
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54
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Soni A, Li F, Wang Y, Grabos M, Krieger LM, Chaudhary S, Hasan MSM, Ahmed M, Coleman CN, Teicher BA, Piekarz RL, Wang D, Iliakis GE. Inhibition of Parp1 by BMN673 Effectively Sensitizes Cells to Radiotherapy by Upsetting the Balance of Repair Pathways Processing DNA Double-Strand Breaks. Mol Cancer Ther 2018; 17:2206-2216. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-0836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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55
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Sensitization of prostate cancer to radiation therapy: Molecules and pathways to target. Radiother Oncol 2018; 128:283-300. [PMID: 29929859 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2018.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Radiation therapy is used to treat cancer by radiation-induced DNA damage. Despite the best efforts to eliminate cancer, some cancer cells survive irradiation, resulting in cancer progression or recurrence. Alteration in DNA damage repair pathways is common in cancers, resulting in modulation of their response to radiation. This article focuses on the recent findings about molecules and pathways that potentially can be targeted to sensitize prostate cancer cells to ionizing radiation, thereby achieving an improved therapeutic outcome.
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56
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Shen YT, Evans JC, Zafarana G, Allen C, Piquette-Miller M. BRCA Status Does Not Predict Synergism of a Carboplatin and Olaparib Combination in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer Cell Lines. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:2742-2753. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yen Ting Shen
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - James C. Evans
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Gaetano Zafarana
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
- Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Christine Allen
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Micheline Piquette-Miller
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
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57
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The multifunctional protein YB-1 potentiates PARP1 activity and decreases the efficiency of PARP1 inhibitors. Oncotarget 2018; 9:23349-23365. [PMID: 29805738 PMCID: PMC5955111 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Y-box-binding protein 1 (YB-1) is a multifunctional cellular factor overexpressed in tumors resistant to chemotherapy. An intrinsically disordered structure together with a high positive charge peculiar to YB-1 allows this protein to function in almost all cellular events related to nucleic acids including RNA, DNA and poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR). In the present study we show that YB-1 acts as a potent poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) cofactor that can reduce the efficiency of PARP1 inhibitors. Similarly to that of histones or polyamines, stimulatory effect of YB-1 on the activity of PARP1 was significantly higher than the activator potential of Mg2+ and was independent of the presence of EDTA. The C-terminal domain of YB-1 proved to be indispensable for PARP1 stimulation. We also found that functional interactions of YB-1 and PARP1 can be mediated and regulated by poly(ADP-ribose).
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58
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Hou D, Liu Z, Xu X, Liu Q, Zhang X, Kong B, Wei JJ, Gong Y, Shao C. Increased oxidative stress mediates the antitumor effect of PARP inhibition in ovarian cancer. Redox Biol 2018; 17:99-111. [PMID: 29684820 PMCID: PMC6006521 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
PARP inhibitors have been widely tested in clinical trials, especially for the treatment of breast cancer and ovarian cancer, and were shown to be highly successful. Because PARP primarily functions in sensing and repairing DNA strand breaks, the therapeutic effect of PARP inhibition is generally believed to be attributed to impaired DNA repair. We here report that oxidative stress is also increased by PARP inhibition and mediates the antitumor effect. We showed that PARP1 is highly expressed in specimens of high grade serous ovarian carcinoma and its activity is required for unperturbed proliferation of ovarian cancer cells. Inhibition or depletion of PARP leads to not only an increase in DNA damage, but also an elevation in the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Importantly, antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) significantly attenuated the induction of DNA damage and the perturbation of proliferation by PARP inhibition or depletion. We further showed that NADPH oxidases 1 and 4 were significantly upregulated by PARP inhibition and were partially responsible for the induction of oxidative stress. Depletion of NOX1 and NOX4 partially rescued the growth inhibition of PARP1-deficient tumor xenografts. Our findings suggest that in addition to compromising the repair of DNA damage, PARP inhibition or depletion may exert extra antitumor effect by elevating oxidative stress in ovarian cancer cells. PARP1 is overexpressed in ovarian cancer. PARP inhibition increases oxidative stress and oxidative DNA damage. PARP inhibition increases ROS by upregulating NOX1 and NOX4. Oxidative stress mediates the antitumor effect of PARP inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hou
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education/Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Zhaojian Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Xiuhua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education/Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Qiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education/Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Xiyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education/Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Beihua Kong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Jian-Jun Wei
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yaoqin Gong
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education/Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Changshun Shao
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education/Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, 199 Ren Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
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59
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Guacci A, Cordella A, Rocco T, Giurato G, Nassa G, Rizzo F, Carlomagno C, Pepe S, Tarallo R, Weisz A. Identification of a novel truncating mutation in PALB2 gene by a multigene sequencing panel for mutational screening of breast cancer risk-associated and related genes. J Clin Lab Anal 2018; 32:e22418. [PMID: 29484706 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) is the most common neoplasm in women, with 5%-10% patients showing a familial predisposition, where germline mutations in BRCA1/BRCA2 genes are found in -20% of cases. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is among the best available options for genetic screening, providing several benefits that include enhanced sensitivity and unbiased mutation detection. PALB2 (partner and localizer of BRCA2) is a cancer predisposing gene recently described that encodes a protein partner of BRCA2 involved in DNA double-strand break repair and cell cycle control. The DNA damage response represents a key cellular event, targeted by innovative anticancer therapies, including those based on poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors targeting PARP1 and PARP2 enzymes, activated by DNA damage and involved in single-strand break and base excision repair. METHODS Genomic DNA was isolated from 34 patient samples and four BC cell lines, as controls, and 27 breast cancer predisposing genes belonging to the BRCA1/BRCA2 and PARP pathways were sequenced by NGS. RESULTS The panel described here allowed identification of several sequence variations in most investigated genes, among which we found a novel truncating mutation in PALB2. CONCLUSIONS The NGS-based strategy designed here for molecular analysis of a customized panel of BC predisposing and related genes was found to perform effectively, providing a comprehensive exploration of all genomic sequences of the investigated genes. It is thus useful for BC molecular diagnosis, in particular for familiar cases where alterations in routinely investigated genes, such as BRCAs, result to be absent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Guacci
- Genomix4Life srl, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, 'Scuola Medica Salernitana', University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Angela Cordella
- Genomix4Life srl, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, 'Scuola Medica Salernitana', University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Teresa Rocco
- Genomix4Life srl, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, 'Scuola Medica Salernitana', University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Giorgio Giurato
- Genomix4Life srl, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, 'Scuola Medica Salernitana', University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy.,Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, 'Scuola Medica Salernitana', University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Giovanni Nassa
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, 'Scuola Medica Salernitana', University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy.,Medical Genomics Program, 'SS. Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona' Hospital, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Francesca Rizzo
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, 'Scuola Medica Salernitana', University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy.,Medical Genomics Program, 'SS. Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona' Hospital, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Chiara Carlomagno
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Napoli 'Federico II', Napoli, Italy
| | - Stefano Pepe
- Division of Oncology, 'SS. Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona' Hospital, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Roberta Tarallo
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, 'Scuola Medica Salernitana', University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy.,Medical Genomics Program, 'SS. Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona' Hospital, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Alessandro Weisz
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, 'Scuola Medica Salernitana', University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy.,Medical Genomics Program, 'SS. Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona' Hospital, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
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60
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Morgan RD, Clamp AR, Evans DGR, Edmondson RJ, Jayson GC. PARP inhibitors in platinum-sensitive high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2018; 81:647-658. [PMID: 29464354 PMCID: PMC5854713 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-018-3532-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) have changed the management of high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). The rationale for the development of PARPi was based on the concept of synthetic lethality, in which a cell can survive a deficiency of one gene/gene product, but may die if there is a deficiency in a combination of genes/gene products. In women with BRCA1/2 deficiency within their ovarian cancer tissue, inhibition of PARP imposes an intolerable burden of DNA damage repair deficiency and may induce cell death. Methods Clinical trials have evaluated PARPi as single-agent therapeutics and as maintenance treatment following platinum-based chemotherapy for HGSOC. Clinical data suggest the most impressive anti-tumour activity occurs in women with platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer and germline or somatic BRCA1/2 mutations (g/sBRCAmt). Results In the maintenance setting, randomised trials have shown that PARPi compared to placebo reduce the hazard ratio for the development of progressive disease to 0.2–0.27 for patients with a g/sBRCAmt; to 0.34–0.38 for patients with putative evidence of DNA damage repair deficiency; and to 0.35–0.45 in an unselected population with HGSOC. Furthermore, phase 1/2 trials have reported single-agent anti-tumour response rates in gBRCAmt of approximately 50% in platinum-sensitive and 25% in platinum-resistant disease. Conclusion Here, we discuss the evidence for the use of PARPi as single-agent therapeutics and maintenance treatment in HGSOC and evaluate the genetic assays used in clinical trials so far. We discuss the emerging role of platinum sensitivity as a broad eligibility criteria for the use of PARPi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Morgan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.,Manchester Cancer Research Centre, The University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - Andrew R Clamp
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.,Manchester Cancer Research Centre, The University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - D Gareth R Evans
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Richard J Edmondson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.,Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Gordon C Jayson
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK. .,Manchester Cancer Research Centre, The University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK.
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61
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Ferrara R, Simionato F, Ciccarese C, Grego E, Cingarlini S, Iacovelli R, Bria E, Tortora G, Melisi D. The development of PARP as a successful target for cancer therapy. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2017; 18:161-175. [DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2018.1419870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Ferrara
- Section of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Verona, Verona, Italy
- Medical Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
- Medical Oncology Department, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Francesca Simionato
- Section of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Verona, Verona, Italy
- Medical Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Chiara Ciccarese
- Section of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Verona, Verona, Italy
- Medical Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Grego
- Section of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Verona, Verona, Italy
- Medical Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Sara Cingarlini
- Medical Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Roberto Iacovelli
- Medical Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Emilio Bria
- Section of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Verona, Verona, Italy
- Medical Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Tortora
- Section of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Verona, Verona, Italy
- Medical Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Davide Melisi
- Section of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Verona, Verona, Italy
- Medical Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
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62
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Penel N. [Prostate cancer and DNA repair genes]. Bull Cancer 2017; 104:958-961. [PMID: 29032803 DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Penel
- Centre Oscar-Lambret, département de cancérologie générale, 3, rue F.-Combemale, 59000 Lille, France.
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63
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RBR-type E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF144A targets PARP1 for ubiquitin-dependent degradation and regulates PARP inhibitor sensitivity in breast cancer cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:94505-94518. [PMID: 29212245 PMCID: PMC5706891 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1), a critical DNA repair protein, is frequently upregulated in breast tumors with a key role in breast cancer progression. Consequently, PARP inhibitors have emerged as promising therapeutics for breast cancers with DNA repair deficiencies. However, relatively little is known about the regulatory mechanism of PARP1 expression and the determinants of PARP inhibitor sensitivity in breast cancer cells. Here, we report that ring finger protein 144A (RNF144A), a RING-between-RING (RBR)-type E3 ubiquitin ligase with an unexplored functional role in human cancers, interacts with PARP1 through its carboxy-terminal region containing the transmembrane domain, and targets PARP1 for ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation. Moreover, induced expression of RNF144A decreases PARP1 protein levels and renders breast cancer cells resistant to the clinical-grade PARP inhibitor olaparib. Conversely, knockdown of endogenous RNF144A increases PARP1 protein levels and enhances cellular sensitivity to olaparib. Together, these findings define RNF144A as a novel regulator of PARP1 protein abundance and a potential determinant of PARP inhibitor sensitivity in breast cancer cells, which may eventually guide the optimal use of PARP inhibitors in the clinic.
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64
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Berberine induces oxidative DNA damage and impairs homologous recombination repair in ovarian cancer cells to confer increased sensitivity to PARP inhibition. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e3070. [PMID: 28981112 PMCID: PMC5680592 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Many cancer drugs exert their therapeutic effect by inducing oxidative stress in the cancer cells. Oxidative stress compromises cell survival by inflicting lesions in macromolecules like DNA. Cancer cells rely on enhanced antioxidant metabolism and increased DNA repair function to survive oxidative assault. PARP1, a protein that senses DNA-strand breaks and orchestrates their repair, has an important role in the repair of oxidative DNA damage. Berberine, an alkaloid compound present in many herbal plants, is capable of inducing oxidative DNA damage and downregulating homologous recombination repair (HRR) in cancer cells. In this study, we demonstrated that berberine and PARP inhibitor niraparib have a synthetic lethal effect on ovarian cancer cells. Oxidative DNA damage was greatly induced by berberine in ovarian cancer cells. In addition, the level of RAD51 and the capacity of HRR were also reduced by berberine. Correspondingly, PARP became hyperactivated in response to berberine treatment. Cancer cells treated with berberine and niraparib in combination exhibited greatly increased apoptosis and remarkably reduced tumor growth in vivo. Together, the results indicate that by inducing oxidative DNA damage and downregulating HRR in cancer cells berberine is able to further sensitize cancer cells to PARP inhibition. Our findings demonstrate a potential therapeutic value of combined application of berberine and PARP inhibitors in ovarian cancer treatment.
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65
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Asim M, Tarish F, Zecchini HI, Sanjiv K, Gelali E, Massie CE, Baridi A, Warren AY, Zhao W, Ogris C, McDuffus LA, Mascalchi P, Shaw G, Dev H, Wadhwa K, Wijnhoven P, Forment JV, Lyons SR, Lynch AG, O'Neill C, Zecchini VR, Rennie PS, Baniahmad A, Tavaré S, Mills IG, Galanty Y, Crosetto N, Schultz N, Neal D, Helleday T. Synthetic lethality between androgen receptor signalling and the PARP pathway in prostate cancer. Nat Commun 2017; 8:374. [PMID: 28851861 PMCID: PMC5575038 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00393-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging data demonstrate homologous recombination (HR) defects in castration-resistant prostate cancers, rendering these tumours sensitive to PARP inhibition. Here we demonstrate a direct requirement for the androgen receptor (AR) to maintain HR gene expression and HR activity in prostate cancer. We show that PARP-mediated repair pathways are upregulated in prostate cancer following androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT). Furthermore, upregulation of PARP activity is essential for the survival of prostate cancer cells and we demonstrate a synthetic lethality between ADT and PARP inhibition in vivo. Our data suggest that ADT can functionally impair HR prior to the development of castration resistance and that, this potentially could be exploited therapeutically using PARP inhibitors in combination with androgen-deprivation therapy upfront in advanced or high-risk prostate cancer.Tumours with homologous recombination (HR) defects become sensitive to PARPi. Here, the authors show that androgen receptor (AR) regulates HR and AR inhibition activates the PARP pathway in vivo, thus inhibition of both AR and PARP is required for effective treatment of high risk prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Asim
- Cancer Research UK Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK.
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7WG, UK.
| | - Firas Tarish
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 21, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Urology, Central Hospital, 721 89, Västerås, Sweden
| | - Heather I Zecchini
- Cancer Research UK Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Kumar Sanjiv
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 21, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eleni Gelali
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 21, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Charles E Massie
- Cancer Research UK Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Ajoeb Baridi
- Cancer Research UK Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Anne Y Warren
- Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Cambridge University Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Wanfeng Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Cambridge University Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Christoph Ogris
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 21, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Leigh-Anne McDuffus
- Cancer Research UK Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Patrice Mascalchi
- Cancer Research UK Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Greg Shaw
- Cancer Research UK Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Harveer Dev
- Cancer Research UK Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Karan Wadhwa
- Cancer Research UK Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Paul Wijnhoven
- The Wellcome Trust and Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Josep V Forment
- The Wellcome Trust and Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Scott R Lyons
- Cancer Research UK Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Andy G Lynch
- Cancer Research UK Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Cormac O'Neill
- Cancer Research UK Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Vincent R Zecchini
- Cancer Research UK Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Paul S Rennie
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6H 3Z6
| | - Aria Baniahmad
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Simon Tavaré
- Cancer Research UK Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Ian G Mills
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic European Molecular Biology Laboratory Partnership, University of Oslo, 0318, Oslo, Norway
- Prostate Cancer UK/Movember Centre of Excellence, Queen's University, Belfast, BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Yaron Galanty
- The Wellcome Trust and Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Nicola Crosetto
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 21, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niklas Schultz
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 21, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David Neal
- Cancer Research UK Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK.
- Nuffield Department of Surgery, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Headington, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.
| | - Thomas Helleday
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 21, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Schoonen PM, Talens F, Stok C, Gogola E, Heijink AM, Bouwman P, Foijer F, Tarsounas M, Blatter S, Jonkers J, Rottenberg S, van Vugt MATM. Progression through mitosis promotes PARP inhibitor-induced cytotoxicity in homologous recombination-deficient cancer cells. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15981. [PMID: 28714471 PMCID: PMC5520019 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in homologous recombination (HR) genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 predispose to tumorigenesis. HR-deficient cancers are hypersensitive to Poly (ADP ribose)-polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, but can acquire resistance and relapse. Mechanistic understanding how PARP inhibition induces cytotoxicity in HR-deficient cancer cells is incomplete. Here we find PARP inhibition to compromise replication fork stability in HR-deficient cancer cells, leading to mitotic DNA damage and consequent chromatin bridges and lagging chromosomes in anaphase, frequently leading to cytokinesis failure, multinucleation and cell death. PARP-inhibitor-induced multinucleated cells fail clonogenic outgrowth, and high percentages of multinucleated cells are found in vivo in remnants of PARP inhibitor-treated Brca2-/-;p53-/- and Brca1-/-;p53-/- mammary mouse tumours, suggesting that mitotic progression promotes PARP-inhibitor-induced cell death. Indeed, enforced mitotic bypass through EMI1 depletion abrogates PARP-inhibitor-induced cytotoxicity. These findings provide insight into the cytotoxic effects of PARP inhibition, and point at combination therapies to potentiate PARP inhibitor treatment of HR-deficient tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pepijn M. Schoonen
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Francien Talens
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Colin Stok
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ewa Gogola
- Division of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Margriet Heijink
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Bouwman
- Division of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Floris Foijer
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Madalena Tarsounas
- The CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute, Old Road Campus Research Building, OX3 7DQ Oxford, UK
| | - Sohvi Blatter
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Laenggassstrasse 122, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jos Jonkers
- Division of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sven Rottenberg
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Laenggassstrasse 122, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marcel A. T. M. van Vugt
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
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67
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Abstract
Cells are exposed to various endogenous and exogenous insults that induce DNA damage, which, if unrepaired, impairs genome integrity and leads to the development of various diseases, including cancer. Recent evidence has implicated poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) in various DNA repair pathways and in the maintenance of genomic stability. The inhibition of PARP1 is therefore being exploited clinically for the treatment of various cancers, which include DNA repair-deficient ovarian, breast and prostate cancers. Understanding the role of PARP1 in maintaining genome integrity is not only important for the design of novel chemotherapeutic agents, but is also crucial for gaining insights into the mechanisms of chemoresistance in cancer cells. In this Review, we discuss the roles of PARP1 in mediating various aspects of DNA metabolism, such as single-strand break repair, nucleotide excision repair, double-strand break repair and the stabilization of replication forks, and in modulating chromatin structure.
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68
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Talens F, Jalving M, Gietema JA, Van Vugt MA. Therapeutic targeting and patient selection for cancers with homologous recombination defects. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2017; 12:565-581. [PMID: 28425306 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2017.1322061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are toxic DNA lesions that can be repaired by non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) or homologous recombination (HR). Mutations in HR genes elicit a predisposition to cancer; yet, they also result in increased sensitivity to certain DNA damaging agents and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. To optimally implement PARP inhibitor treatment, it is important that patients with HR-deficient tumors are adequately selected. Areas covered: Herein, the authors describe the HR pathway mechanistically and review the treatment of HR-deficient cancers, with a specific focus on PARP inhibition for BRCA1/2-mutated breast and ovarian cancer. In addition, mechanisms of acquired PARP inhibitor resistance are discussed. Furthermore, combination therapies with PARP inhibitors are reviewed, in the context of both HR-deficient and HR-proficient tumors and methods for proper patient selection are also discussed. Expert opinion: Currently, only patients with germline or somatic BRCA1/2 mutations are eligible for PARP inhibitor treatment and only a proportion of patients respond. Patients with HR-deficient tumors caused by other (epi)genetic events may also benefit from PARP inhibitor treatment. Ideally, selection of eligible patients for PARP inhibitor treatment include a functional HR read-out, in which cancer cells are interrogated for their ability to perform HR repair and maintain replication fork stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francien Talens
- a Department of Medical Oncology , University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Mathilde Jalving
- a Department of Medical Oncology , University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Jourik A Gietema
- a Department of Medical Oncology , University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Marcel A Van Vugt
- a Department of Medical Oncology , University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
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69
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Pignochino Y, Capozzi F, D'Ambrosio L, Dell'Aglio C, Basiricò M, Canta M, Lorenzato A, Vignolo Lutati F, Aliberti S, Palesandro E, Boccone P, Galizia D, Miano S, Chiabotto G, Napione L, Gammaitoni L, Sangiolo D, Benassi MS, Pasini B, Chiorino G, Aglietta M, Grignani G. PARP1 expression drives the synergistic antitumor activity of trabectedin and PARP1 inhibitors in sarcoma preclinical models. Mol Cancer 2017; 16:86. [PMID: 28454547 PMCID: PMC5410089 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-017-0652-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Enhancing the antitumor activity of the DNA-damaging drugs is an attractive strategy to improve current treatment options. Trabectedin is an isoquinoline alkylating agent with a peculiar mechanism of action. It binds to minor groove of DNA inducing single- and double-strand-breaks. These kinds of damage lead to the activation of PARP1, a first-line enzyme in DNA-damage response pathways. We hypothesized that PARP1 targeting could perpetuate trabectedin-induced DNA damage in tumor cells leading finally to cell death. Methods We investigated trabectedin and PARP1 inhibitor synergism in several tumor histotypes both in vitro and in vivo (subcutaneous and orthotopic tumor xenografts in mice). We searched for key determinants of drug synergism by comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) and gene expression profiling (GEP) and validated their functional role. Results Trabectedin activated PARP1 enzyme and the combination with PARP1 inhibitors potentiated DNA damage, cell cycle arrest at G2/M checkpoint and apoptosis, if compared to single agents. Olaparib was the most active PARP1 inhibitor to combine with trabectedin and we confirmed the antitumor and antimetastatic activity of trabectedin/olaparib combination in mice models. However, we observed different degree of trabectedin/olaparib synergism among different cell lines. Namely, in DMR leiomyosarcoma models the combination was significantly more active than single agents, while in SJSA-1 osteosarcoma models no further advantage was obtained if compared to trabectedin alone. aCGH and GEP revealed that key components of DNA-repair pathways were involved in trabectedin/olaparib synergism. In particular, PARP1 expression dictated the degree of the synergism. Indeed, trabectedin/olaparib synergism was increased after PARP1 overexpression and reduced after PARP1 silencing. Conclusions PARP1 inhibition potentiated trabectedin activity in a PARP1-dependent manner and PARP1 expression in tumor cells might be a useful predictive biomarker that deserves clinical evaluation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12943-017-0652-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ymera Pignochino
- Sarcoma Unit, Medical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy. .,Department of Oncology, University of Torino Medical School, Candiolo, Torino, Italy.
| | - Federica Capozzi
- Sarcoma Unit, Medical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy.,Department of Oncology, University of Torino Medical School, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Lorenzo D'Ambrosio
- Sarcoma Unit, Medical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy.,Department of Oncology, University of Torino Medical School, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Carmine Dell'Aglio
- Pathology Unit, Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Marco Basiricò
- Medical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Marta Canta
- Sarcoma Unit, Medical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy.,Department of Oncology, University of Torino Medical School, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Annalisa Lorenzato
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino Medical School, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Sandra Aliberti
- Sarcoma Unit, Medical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Erica Palesandro
- Sarcoma Unit, Medical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy.,Department of Oncology, University of Torino Medical School, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Paola Boccone
- Sarcoma Unit, Medical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy.,Department of Oncology, University of Torino Medical School, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Danilo Galizia
- Sarcoma Unit, Medical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy.,Department of Oncology, University of Torino Medical School, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Sara Miano
- Sarcoma Unit, Medical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy.,Department of Oncology, University of Torino Medical School, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Giulia Chiabotto
- Sarcoma Unit, Medical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Lucia Napione
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino Medical School, Candiolo, Torino, Italy.,Laboratory of Vascular Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy.,Current address: Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Loretta Gammaitoni
- Laboratory of Vascular Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Dario Sangiolo
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino Medical School, Candiolo, Torino, Italy.,Laboratory of Vascular Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Maria Serena Benassi
- Experimental Oncology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Barbara Pasini
- Department of Genetics, Biology and Biochemistry, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Aglietta
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino Medical School, Candiolo, Torino, Italy.,Medical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Giovanni Grignani
- Sarcoma Unit, Medical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy.
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70
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McCormick A, Donoghue P, Dixon M, O'Sullivan R, O'Donnell RL, Murray J, Kaufmann A, Curtin NJ, Edmondson RJ. Ovarian Cancers Harbor Defects in Nonhomologous End Joining Resulting in Resistance to Rucaparib. Clin Cancer Res 2017. [PMID: 27702817 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-0564] [] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: DNA damage defects are common in ovarian cancer and can be used to stratify treatment. Although most work has focused on homologous recombination (HR), DNA double-strand breaks are repaired primarily by nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ). Defects in NHEJ have been shown to contribute to genomic instability and have been associated with the development of chemoresistance.Experimental Design: NHEJ was assessed in a panel of ovarian cancer cell lines and 47 primary ascetic-derived ovarian cancer cultures, by measuring the ability of cell extracts to end-join linearized plasmid monomers into multimers. mRNA and protein expression of components of NHEJ was determined using RT-qPCR and Western blotting. Cytotoxicities of cisplatin and the PARP inhibitor rucaparib were assessed using sulforhodamine B (SRB) assays. HR function was assessed using γH2AX/RAD51 foci assay.Results: NHEJ was defective (D) in four of six cell lines and 20 of 47 primary cultures. NHEJ function was independent of HR competence (C). NHEJD cultures were resistant to rucaparib (P = 0.0022). When HR and NHEJ functions were taken into account, only NHEJC/HRD cultures were sensitive to rucaparib (compared with NHEJC/HRC P = 0.034, NHEJD/HRC P = 0.0002, and NHEJD/HRD P = 0.0045). The DNA-PK inhibitor, NU7441, induced resistance to rucaparib (P = 0.014) and HR function recovery in a BRCA1-defective cell line.Conclusions: This study has shown that NHEJ is defective in 40% of ovarian cancers, which is independent of HR function and associated with resistance to PARP inhibitors in ex vivo primary cultures. Clin Cancer Res; 23(8); 2050-60. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiste McCormick
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Donoghue
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle Dixon
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Richard O'Sullivan
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel L O'Donnell
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Northern Gynaecological Oncology Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Gateshead, United Kingdom
| | - James Murray
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Angelika Kaufmann
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Northern Gynaecological Oncology Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Gateshead, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola J Curtin
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
| | - Richard J Edmondson
- Faculty Institute for Cancer Studies, University of Manchester, St Mary's Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester, United Kingdom.
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71
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McCormick A, Donoghue P, Dixon M, O'Sullivan R, O'Donnell RL, Murray J, Kaufmann A, Curtin NJ, Edmondson RJ. Ovarian Cancers Harbor Defects in Nonhomologous End Joining Resulting in Resistance to Rucaparib. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:2050-2060. [PMID: 27702817 PMCID: PMC5393437 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-0564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: DNA damage defects are common in ovarian cancer and can be used to stratify treatment. Although most work has focused on homologous recombination (HR), DNA double-strand breaks are repaired primarily by nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ). Defects in NHEJ have been shown to contribute to genomic instability and have been associated with the development of chemoresistance.Experimental Design: NHEJ was assessed in a panel of ovarian cancer cell lines and 47 primary ascetic-derived ovarian cancer cultures, by measuring the ability of cell extracts to end-join linearized plasmid monomers into multimers. mRNA and protein expression of components of NHEJ was determined using RT-qPCR and Western blotting. Cytotoxicities of cisplatin and the PARP inhibitor rucaparib were assessed using sulforhodamine B (SRB) assays. HR function was assessed using γH2AX/RAD51 foci assay.Results: NHEJ was defective (D) in four of six cell lines and 20 of 47 primary cultures. NHEJ function was independent of HR competence (C). NHEJD cultures were resistant to rucaparib (P = 0.0022). When HR and NHEJ functions were taken into account, only NHEJC/HRD cultures were sensitive to rucaparib (compared with NHEJC/HRC P = 0.034, NHEJD/HRC P = 0.0002, and NHEJD/HRD P = 0.0045). The DNA-PK inhibitor, NU7441, induced resistance to rucaparib (P = 0.014) and HR function recovery in a BRCA1-defective cell line.Conclusions: This study has shown that NHEJ is defective in 40% of ovarian cancers, which is independent of HR function and associated with resistance to PARP inhibitors in ex vivo primary cultures. Clin Cancer Res; 23(8); 2050-60. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiste McCormick
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Donoghue
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle Dixon
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Richard O'Sullivan
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel L O'Donnell
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Northern Gynaecological Oncology Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Gateshead, United Kingdom
| | - James Murray
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Angelika Kaufmann
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Northern Gynaecological Oncology Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Gateshead, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola J Curtin
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
| | - Richard J Edmondson
- Faculty Institute for Cancer Studies, University of Manchester, St Mary's Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester, United Kingdom.
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Rimar KJ, Tran PT, Matulewicz RS, Hussain M, Meeks JJ. The emerging role of homologous recombination repair and PARP inhibitors in genitourinary malignancies. Cancer 2017; 123:1912-1924. [PMID: 28323334 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.30631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
As cells age and are exposed to genotoxic stress, preservation of the genomic code requires multiple DNA repair pathways to remove single-strand or double-strand breaks. Loss of function somatic genomic aberrations or germline deficiency in genes involved in DNA repair can result in acute cell death or, after a latency period, cellular transformation. Therapeutic exploitation of DNA repair by inhibition of poly (adenosine diphosphate [ADP]) ribose polymerases (PARP), a family of enzymes involved in the repair of single-strand and in some cases double-strand breaks, has become a novel cancer treatment. Although the application of PARP inhibitors (PARPis) initially focused on tumors with BRCA1 or BRCA2 deficiencies, synthetic susceptibilities to PARPis have been expanded due to the identification of tumors with mutations pathways involved in DNA damage repair, in particular those that repair double-strand breaks using homologous recombination (HR). There is an increasing appreciation that genitourinary (GU) malignancies, including bladder cancer and especially prostate cancer, contain subsets of patients with germline and somatic alterations in HR genes that may reflect an increased response to PARPis. In this review, the authors describe the mechanisms and rationale of the use of PARPis in patients with GU cancers, summarize previously reported preclinical and clinical trials, and identify ongoing trials to determine how PARPis and strategies targeted at HR repair can have widespread application in patients with GU cancers. Cancer 2017;123:1912-1924. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalen J Rimar
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Phuoc T Tran
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Richard S Matulewicz
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Maha Hussain
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Joshua J Meeks
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
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Dulaney C, Marcrom S, Stanley J, Yang ES. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity and inhibition in cancer. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 63:144-153. [PMID: 28087320 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Genomic instability resultant from defective DNA repair mechanisms is a fundamental hallmark of cancer. The poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) proteins 1, 2 and 3 catalyze the polymerization of poly(ADP-ribose) and covalent attachment to proteins in a phylogenetically ancient form of protein modification. PARPs play a role in base excision repair, homologous recombination, and non-homologous end joining. The discovery that loss of PARP activity had cytotoxic effects in cells deficient in homologous recombination has sparked a decade of translational research efforts that culminated in the FDA approval of an oral PARP inhibitor for clinical use in patients with ovarian cancer and defective homologous recombination. Five PARP inhibitors are now in late-stage development in clinical trials that are seeking to expand the understanding of targeted therapies and DNA repair defects in human cancer. This review examines the cell biology of PARP, the discovery of synthetic lethality with HR deficiency, the clinical development of PARP inhibitors, and the role of PARP inhibitors in ongoing clinical trials and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb Dulaney
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1700 6th Avenue South, 176F Hazelrig-Salter Radiation Oncology Center, Room 2232-N, Birmingham, AL 35249-6832, United States
| | - Samuel Marcrom
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1700 6th Avenue South, 176F Hazelrig-Salter Radiation Oncology Center, Room 2232-N, Birmingham, AL 35249-6832, United States
| | - Jennifer Stanley
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1700 6th Avenue South, 176F Hazelrig-Salter Radiation Oncology Center, Room 2232-N, Birmingham, AL 35249-6832, United States
| | - Eddy S Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1700 6th Avenue South, 176F Hazelrig-Salter Radiation Oncology Center, Room 2232-N, Birmingham, AL 35249-6832, United States.
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74
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Williams DT, Staples CJ. Approaches for Identifying Novel Targets in Precision Medicine: Lessons from DNA Repair. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1007:1-16. [PMID: 28840549 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-60733-7_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Genome stability is maintained by a number of elegant mechanisms, which sense and repair damaged DNA. Germline defects that compromise genomic integrity result in cancer predisposition, exemplified by rare syndromes caused by mutations in certain DNA repair genes. These individuals often exhibit other symptoms including progeria and neurodegeneration. Paradoxically, some of these deleterious genetic alterations provide novel therapeutic opportunities to target cancer cells; an excellent example of such an approach being the recent development of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors as the first 'synthetic lethal' medicine for patients with BRCA-mutant cancers. The therapeutic exploitation of synthetic lethal interactions has enabled a novel approach to personalised medicine based on continued molecular profiling of patient and tumour material. This profiling may also aid clinicians in the identification of specific drug resistance mechanisms following relapse, and enable appropriate modification of the therapeutic regimen. This chapter focuses on therapeutic strategies designed to target aspects of the DNA damage response, and examines emerging themes demonstrating mechanistic overlap between DNA repair and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean T Williams
- School of Medical Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2DG, UK.,Department of Vascular Surgery, Ysbyty Gwynedd, Bangor, LL57 2PW, UK
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Vaclová T, Woods NT, Megías D, Gomez-Lopez S, Setién F, García Bueno JM, Macías JA, Barroso A, Urioste M, Esteller M, Monteiro ANA, Benítez J, Osorio A. Germline missense pathogenic variants in the BRCA1 BRCT domain, p.Gly1706Glu and p.Ala1708Glu, increase cellular sensitivity to PARP inhibitor olaparib by a dominant negative effect. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:5287-5299. [PMID: 27742776 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BRCA1-deficient cells show defects in DNA repair and rely on other members of the DNA repair machinery, which makes them sensitive to PARP inhibitors (PARPi). Although carrying a germline pathogenic variant in BRCA1/2 is the best determinant of response to PARPi, a significant percentage of the patients do not show sensitivity and/or display increased toxicity to the agent. Considering previously suggested mutation-specific BRCA1 haploinsufficiency, we aimed to investigate whether there are any differences in cellular response to PARPi olaparib depending on the BRCA1 mutation type. Lymphoblastoid cell lines derived from carriers of missense pathogenic variants in the BRCA1 BRCT domain (c.5117G > A, p.Gly1706Glu and c.5123C > A, p.Ala1708Glu) showed higher sensitivity to olaparib than cells with truncating variants or wild types (WT). Response to olaparib depended on a basal PARP enzymatic activity, but did not correlate with PARP1 expression. Interestingly, cellular sensitivity to the agent was associated with the level of BRCA1 recruitment into γH2AX foci, being the lowest in cells with missense variants. Since these variants lead to partially stable protein mutants, we propose a model in which the mutant protein acts in a dominant negative manner on the WT BRCA1, impairing the recruitment of BRCA1 into DNA damage sites and, consequently, increasing cellular sensitivity to PARPi. Taken together, our results indicate that carriers of different BRCA1 mutations could benefit from olaparib in a distinct way and show different toxicities to the agent, which could be especially relevant for a potential future use of PARPi as prophylactic agents in BRCA1 mutation carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Vaclová
- Human Genetics Group, Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nicholas T Woods
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Molecular and Biochemical Etiology Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Diego Megías
- Confocal Microscopy Core Unit, Biotechnology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Gomez-Lopez
- Human Genetics Group, Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Setién
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - José Antonio Macías
- Hereditary Cancer Unit, Medical Oncology Service, Hospital Morales Meseguer, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alicia Barroso
- Human Genetics Group, Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Urioste
- Familial Cancer Unit, Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Manel Esteller
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Physiological Sciences II, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alvaro N A Monteiro
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, FL, USA
| | - Javier Benítez
- Human Genetics Group, Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain.,Spanish Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain.,Genotyping Unit (CEGEN), Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Osorio
- Human Genetics Group, Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain.,Spanish Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
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Piao J, Takai S, Kamiya T, Inukai T, Sugita K, Ohyashiki K, Delia D, Masutani M, Mizutani S, Takagi M. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors selectively induce cytotoxicity in TCF3-HLF-positive leukemic cells. Cancer Lett 2016; 386:131-140. [PMID: 27894958 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is an indispensable component of the DNA repair machinery. PARP inhibitors are used as cutting-edge treatments for patients with homologous recombination repair (HRR)-defective breast cancers harboring mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2. Other tumors defective in HRR, including some hematological malignancies, are predicted to be good candidates for treatment with PARP inhibitors. Screening of leukemia-derived cell lines revealed that lymphoid lineage-derived leukemia cell lines, except for those derived from mature B cells and KMT2A (MLL)-rearranged B-cell precursors, were relatively sensitive to PARP inhibitors. By contrast, acute myelogenous leukemia cell lines, except for RUNX1-RUNXT1 (AML1-ETO)-positive lines, were relatively resistant. Intriguingly, TCF3 (E2A)-HLF-positive leukemia was sensitive to PARP inhibitors. TCF3-HLF expression suppressed HRR activity, suggesting that PARP inhibitor treatment induced synthetic lethality. Furthermore, TCF3-HLF expression decreased levels of MCPH1, which regulates the expression of BRCA1, resulting in attenuation of HRR activity. The PARP inhibitor olaparib was also effective in an in vivo xenograft model. Our results suggest a novel therapeutic approach for treating refractory leukemia, particularly the TCF3-HLF-positive subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Piao
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Shiori Takai
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kamiya
- Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, 119228, Singapore
| | - Takeshi Inukai
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamanashi University, Yamanashi Chuo, 1110 Shimokato, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Kanji Sugita
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamanashi University, Yamanashi Chuo, 1110 Shimokato, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Kazuma Ohyashiki
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Medical University, Nishi-Shinjuku 6-7-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan
| | - Domenico Delia
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Department of Experimental Oncology, Via G. Venezian 1, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Mitsuko Masutani
- Department of Frontier Life Science, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8588, Japan
| | - Shuki Mizutani
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan.
| | - Masatoshi Takagi
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan.
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Cerrato A, Morra F, Celetti A. Use of poly ADP-ribose polymerase [PARP] inhibitors in cancer cells bearing DDR defects: the rationale for their inclusion in the clinic. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2016; 35:179. [PMID: 27884198 PMCID: PMC5123312 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-016-0456-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA damage response (DDR) defects imply genomic instability and favor tumor progression but make the cells vulnerable to the pharmacological inhibition of the DNA repairing enzymes. Targeting cellular proteins like PARPs, which cooperate and complement molecular defects of the DDR process, induces a specific lethality in DDR defective cancer cells and represents an anti-cancer strategy. Normal cells can tolerate the DNA damage generated by PARP inhibition because of an efficient homologous recombination mechanism (HR); in contrast, cancer cells with a deficient HR are unable to manage the DSBs and appear especially sensitive to the PARP inhibitors (PARPi) effects. MAIN BODY In this review we discuss the proof of concept for the use of PARPi in different cancer types and the success and failure of their inclusion in clinical trials. The PARP inhibitor Olaparib [AZD2281] has been approved by the FDA for use in pretreated ovarian cancer patients with defective BRCA1/2 genes, and by the EMEA for maintenance therapy in platinum sensitive ovarian cancer patients with defective BRCA1/2 genes. BRCA mutations are now recognised as the molecular targets for PARPi sensitivity in several tumors. However, it is noteworthy that the use of PARPi has shown its efficacy also in non-BRCA related tumors. Several trials are ongoing to test different PARPi in different cancer types. Here we review the concept of BRCAness and the functional loss of proteins involved in DDR/HR mechanisms in cancer, including additional molecules that can influence the cancer cells sensitivity to PARPi. Given the complexity of the existing crosstalk between different DNA repair pathways, it is likely that a single biomarker may not be sufficient to predict the benefit of PARP inhibitors therapies. Novel general assays able to predict the DDR/HR proficiency in cancer cells and the PARPi sensitivity represent a challenge for a personalized therapy. CONCLUSIONS PARP inhibition is a potentially important strategy for managing a significant subset of tumors. The discovery of both germline and somatic DNA repair deficiencies in different cancer patients, together with the development of new PARP inhibitors that can kill selectively cancer cells is a potent example of targeting therapy to molecularly defined tumor subtypes.
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Michel LS, Dyroff S, Brooks FJ, Spayd KJ, Lim S, Engle JT, Phillips S, Tan B, Wang-Gillam A, Bognar C, Chu W, Zhou D, Mach RH, Laforest R, Chen DL. PET of Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Activity in Cancer: Preclinical Assessment and First In-Human Studies. Radiology 2016; 282:453-463. [PMID: 27841728 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2016161929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To demonstrate that positron emission tomography (PET) with fluorine 18 (18F) fluorthanatrace (FTT) depicts activated poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose)polymerase (PARP) expression and is feasible for clinical trial evaluation. Materials and Methods All studies were conducted prospectively from February 2012 through July 2015 under protocols approved by the local animal studies committee and institutional review board. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC, in g/mL· min) for 18F-FTT was assessed in normal mouse organs before and after treatment with olaparib (n = 14), a PARP inhibitor, or iniparib (n = 11), which has no PARP inhibitory activity. Murine biodistribution studies were performed to support human translational studies. Eight human subjects with cancer and eight healthy volunteers underwent imaging to verify the human radiation dosimetry of 18F-FTT. The Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to assess for differences among treatment groups for the mouse studies. Results In mice, olaparib, but not iniparib, significantly reduced the 18F-FTT AUC in the spine (median difference before and after treatment and interquartile range [IQR]: -17 g/mL· min and 10 g/mL · min, respectively [P = .0001], for olaparib and -3 g/mL · min and 13 g/mL · min [P = .70] for iniparib) and in nodes (median difference and interquartile range [IQR] before and after treatment: -23 g/mL · min and 13 g/mL · min [P = .0001] for olaparib; -9 g/mL · min and 17 g/mL · min [P = .05] for iniparib). The effective dose was estimated at 6.9 mSv for a 370-MBq 18F-FTT dose in humans. In humans, the organs with the highest uptake on images were the spleen and pancreas. Among five subjects with measurable tumors, increased 18F-FTT uptake was seen in one subject with pancreatic adenocarcinoma and another with liver cancer. Conclusion The results suggest that 18F-FTT uptake reflects PARP expression and that its radiation dosimetry profile is compatible with those of agents currently in clinical use. © RSNA, 2016 Online supplemental material is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loren S Michel
- From the Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (L.S.M.); Division of Radiological Sciences, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (S.D., F.J.B., K.J.S., J.T.E., S.P., C.B., W.C., D.Z., R.L., D.L.C.), and Department of Internal Medicine (S.L., B.T., A.W.G.), Washington University School of Medicine, 510 S Kingshighway Blvd, Campus Box 8225, St Louis, MO 63110; and Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (R.H.M.)
| | - Samantha Dyroff
- From the Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (L.S.M.); Division of Radiological Sciences, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (S.D., F.J.B., K.J.S., J.T.E., S.P., C.B., W.C., D.Z., R.L., D.L.C.), and Department of Internal Medicine (S.L., B.T., A.W.G.), Washington University School of Medicine, 510 S Kingshighway Blvd, Campus Box 8225, St Louis, MO 63110; and Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (R.H.M.)
| | - Frank J Brooks
- From the Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (L.S.M.); Division of Radiological Sciences, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (S.D., F.J.B., K.J.S., J.T.E., S.P., C.B., W.C., D.Z., R.L., D.L.C.), and Department of Internal Medicine (S.L., B.T., A.W.G.), Washington University School of Medicine, 510 S Kingshighway Blvd, Campus Box 8225, St Louis, MO 63110; and Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (R.H.M.)
| | - Katherine J Spayd
- From the Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (L.S.M.); Division of Radiological Sciences, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (S.D., F.J.B., K.J.S., J.T.E., S.P., C.B., W.C., D.Z., R.L., D.L.C.), and Department of Internal Medicine (S.L., B.T., A.W.G.), Washington University School of Medicine, 510 S Kingshighway Blvd, Campus Box 8225, St Louis, MO 63110; and Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (R.H.M.)
| | - Sora Lim
- From the Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (L.S.M.); Division of Radiological Sciences, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (S.D., F.J.B., K.J.S., J.T.E., S.P., C.B., W.C., D.Z., R.L., D.L.C.), and Department of Internal Medicine (S.L., B.T., A.W.G.), Washington University School of Medicine, 510 S Kingshighway Blvd, Campus Box 8225, St Louis, MO 63110; and Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (R.H.M.)
| | - Jacquelyn T Engle
- From the Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (L.S.M.); Division of Radiological Sciences, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (S.D., F.J.B., K.J.S., J.T.E., S.P., C.B., W.C., D.Z., R.L., D.L.C.), and Department of Internal Medicine (S.L., B.T., A.W.G.), Washington University School of Medicine, 510 S Kingshighway Blvd, Campus Box 8225, St Louis, MO 63110; and Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (R.H.M.)
| | - Sharon Phillips
- From the Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (L.S.M.); Division of Radiological Sciences, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (S.D., F.J.B., K.J.S., J.T.E., S.P., C.B., W.C., D.Z., R.L., D.L.C.), and Department of Internal Medicine (S.L., B.T., A.W.G.), Washington University School of Medicine, 510 S Kingshighway Blvd, Campus Box 8225, St Louis, MO 63110; and Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (R.H.M.)
| | - Benjamin Tan
- From the Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (L.S.M.); Division of Radiological Sciences, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (S.D., F.J.B., K.J.S., J.T.E., S.P., C.B., W.C., D.Z., R.L., D.L.C.), and Department of Internal Medicine (S.L., B.T., A.W.G.), Washington University School of Medicine, 510 S Kingshighway Blvd, Campus Box 8225, St Louis, MO 63110; and Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (R.H.M.)
| | - Andrea Wang-Gillam
- From the Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (L.S.M.); Division of Radiological Sciences, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (S.D., F.J.B., K.J.S., J.T.E., S.P., C.B., W.C., D.Z., R.L., D.L.C.), and Department of Internal Medicine (S.L., B.T., A.W.G.), Washington University School of Medicine, 510 S Kingshighway Blvd, Campus Box 8225, St Louis, MO 63110; and Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (R.H.M.)
| | - Christopher Bognar
- From the Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (L.S.M.); Division of Radiological Sciences, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (S.D., F.J.B., K.J.S., J.T.E., S.P., C.B., W.C., D.Z., R.L., D.L.C.), and Department of Internal Medicine (S.L., B.T., A.W.G.), Washington University School of Medicine, 510 S Kingshighway Blvd, Campus Box 8225, St Louis, MO 63110; and Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (R.H.M.)
| | - Wenhua Chu
- From the Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (L.S.M.); Division of Radiological Sciences, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (S.D., F.J.B., K.J.S., J.T.E., S.P., C.B., W.C., D.Z., R.L., D.L.C.), and Department of Internal Medicine (S.L., B.T., A.W.G.), Washington University School of Medicine, 510 S Kingshighway Blvd, Campus Box 8225, St Louis, MO 63110; and Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (R.H.M.)
| | - Dong Zhou
- From the Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (L.S.M.); Division of Radiological Sciences, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (S.D., F.J.B., K.J.S., J.T.E., S.P., C.B., W.C., D.Z., R.L., D.L.C.), and Department of Internal Medicine (S.L., B.T., A.W.G.), Washington University School of Medicine, 510 S Kingshighway Blvd, Campus Box 8225, St Louis, MO 63110; and Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (R.H.M.)
| | - Robert H Mach
- From the Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (L.S.M.); Division of Radiological Sciences, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (S.D., F.J.B., K.J.S., J.T.E., S.P., C.B., W.C., D.Z., R.L., D.L.C.), and Department of Internal Medicine (S.L., B.T., A.W.G.), Washington University School of Medicine, 510 S Kingshighway Blvd, Campus Box 8225, St Louis, MO 63110; and Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (R.H.M.)
| | - Richard Laforest
- From the Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (L.S.M.); Division of Radiological Sciences, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (S.D., F.J.B., K.J.S., J.T.E., S.P., C.B., W.C., D.Z., R.L., D.L.C.), and Department of Internal Medicine (S.L., B.T., A.W.G.), Washington University School of Medicine, 510 S Kingshighway Blvd, Campus Box 8225, St Louis, MO 63110; and Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (R.H.M.)
| | - Delphine L Chen
- From the Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (L.S.M.); Division of Radiological Sciences, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (S.D., F.J.B., K.J.S., J.T.E., S.P., C.B., W.C., D.Z., R.L., D.L.C.), and Department of Internal Medicine (S.L., B.T., A.W.G.), Washington University School of Medicine, 510 S Kingshighway Blvd, Campus Box 8225, St Louis, MO 63110; and Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (R.H.M.)
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79
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Bhute VJ, Ma Y, Bao X, Palecek SP. The Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Inhibitor Veliparib and Radiation Cause Significant Cell Line Dependent Metabolic Changes in Breast Cancer Cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36061. [PMID: 27811964 PMCID: PMC5095763 DOI: 10.1038/srep36061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast tumors are characterized into subtypes based on their surface marker expression, which affects their prognosis and treatment. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have shown promising results in clinical trials, both as single agents and in combination with other chemotherapeutics, in several subtypes of breast cancer patients. Here, we used NMR-based metabolomics to probe cell line-specific effects of the PARP inhibitor Veliparib and radiation on metabolism in three breast cancer cell lines. Our data reveal several cell line-independent metabolic changes upon PARP inhibition. Pathway enrichment and topology analysis identified that nitrogen metabolism, glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis and taurine and hypotaurine metabolism were enriched after PARP inhibition in all three breast cancer cell lines. Many metabolic changes due to radiation and PARP inhibition were cell line-dependent, highlighting the need to understand how these treatments affect cancer cell response via changes in metabolism. Finally, both PARP inhibition and radiation induced a similar metabolic responses in BRCA-mutant HCC1937 cells, but not in MCF7 and MDAMB231 cells, suggesting that radiation and PARP inhibition share similar interactions with metabolic pathways in BRCA mutant cells. Our study emphasizes the importance of differences in metabolic responses to cancer treatments in different subtypes of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijesh J Bhute
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Yan Ma
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Xiaoping Bao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Sean P Palecek
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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80
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Herriott A, Tudhope SJ, Junge G, Rodrigues N, Patterson MJ, Woodhouse L, Lunec J, Hunter JE, Mulligan EA, Cole M, Allinson LM, Wallis JP, Marshall S, Wang E, Curtin NJ, Willmore E. PARP1 expression, activity and ex vivo sensitivity to the PARP inhibitor, talazoparib (BMN 673), in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Oncotarget 2016; 6:43978-91. [PMID: 26539646 PMCID: PMC4791280 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), mutation and loss of p53 and ATM abrogate DNA damage signalling and predict poorer response and shorter survival. We hypothesised that poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) activity, which is crucial for repair of DNA breaks induced by oxidative stress or chemotherapy, may be an additional predictive biomarker and a target for therapy with PARP inhibitors. We measured PARP activity in 109 patient-derived CLL samples, which varied widely (192 – 190052 pmol PAR/106 cells) compared to that seen in healthy volunteer lymphocytes (2451 – 7519 pmol PAR/106 cells). PARP activity was associated with PARP1 protein expression and endogenous PAR levels. PARP activity was not associated with p53 or ATM loss, Binet stage, IGHV mutational status or survival, but correlated with Bcl-2 and Rel A (an NF-kB subunit). Levels of 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine in DNA (a marker of oxidative damage) were not associated with PAR levels or PARP activity. The potent PARP inhibitor, talazoparib (BMN 673), inhibited CD40L-stimulated proliferation of CLL cells at nM concentrations, independently of Binet stage or p53/ATM function. PARP activity is highly variable in CLL and correlates with stress-induced proteins. Proliferating CLL cells (including those with p53 or ATM loss) are highly sensitive to the PARP inhibitor talazoparib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashleigh Herriott
- Newcastle Cancer Centre at the Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Susan J Tudhope
- Newcastle Cancer Centre at the Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Gesa Junge
- Newcastle Cancer Centre at the Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Natalie Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signaling and Oncoproteome, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Miranda J Patterson
- Newcastle Cancer Centre at the Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Laura Woodhouse
- Newcastle Cancer Centre at the Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - John Lunec
- Newcastle Cancer Centre at the Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Jill E Hunter
- Institute of Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Evan A Mulligan
- Newcastle Cancer Centre at the Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Michael Cole
- Newcastle Cancer Centre at the Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Lisa M Allinson
- Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Jonathan P Wallis
- Department of Haematology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Scott Marshall
- Department of Haematology, City Hospitals Sunderland NHS Trust, Sunderland, UK
| | - Evelyn Wang
- Biomarin Pharmaceutical Inc., Novato, California, USA
| | - Nicola J Curtin
- Newcastle Cancer Centre at the Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Elaine Willmore
- Newcastle Cancer Centre at the Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
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81
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Stover EH, Konstantinopoulos PA, Matulonis UA, Swisher EM. Biomarkers of Response and Resistance to DNA Repair Targeted Therapies. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:5651-5660. [PMID: 27678458 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-0247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Drugs targeting DNA damage repair (DDR) pathways are exciting new agents in cancer therapy. Many of these drugs exhibit synthetic lethality with defects in DNA repair in cancer cells. For example, ovarian cancers with impaired homologous recombination DNA repair show increased sensitivity to poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. Understanding the activity of different DNA repair pathways in individual tumors, and the correlations between DNA repair function and drug response, will be critical to patient selection for DNA repair targeted agents. Genomic and functional assays of DNA repair pathway activity are being investigated as potential biomarkers of response to targeted therapies. Furthermore, alterations in DNA repair function generate resistance to DNA repair targeted agents, and DNA repair states may predict intrinsic or acquired drug resistance. In this review, we provide an overview of DNA repair targeted agents currently in clinical trials and the emerging biomarkers of response and resistance to these agents: genetic and genomic analysis of DDR pathways, genomic signatures of mutational processes, expression of DNA repair proteins, and functional assays for DNA repair capacity. We review biomarkers that may predict response to selected DNA repair targeted agents, including PARP inhibitors, inhibitors of the DNA damage sensors ATM and ATR, and inhibitors of nonhomologous end joining. Finally, we introduce emerging categories of drugs targeting DDR and new strategies for integrating DNA repair targeted therapies into clinical practice, including combination regimens. Generating and validating robust biomarkers will optimize the efficacy of DNA repair targeted therapies and maximize their impact on cancer treatment. Clin Cancer Res; 22(23); 5651-60. ©2016 AACR.
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82
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Murata S, Zhang C, Finch N, Zhang K, Campo L, Breuer EK. Predictors and Modulators of Synthetic Lethality: An Update on PARP Inhibitors and Personalized Medicine. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:2346585. [PMID: 27642590 PMCID: PMC5013223 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2346585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have proven to be successful agents in inducing synthetic lethality in several malignancies. Several PARP inhibitors have reached clinical trial testing for treatment in different cancers, and, recently, Olaparib (AZD2281) has gained both United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) and the European Commission (EC) approval for use in BRCA-mutated advanced ovarian cancer treatment. The need to identify biomarkers, their interactions in DNA damage repair pathways, and their potential utility in identifying patients who are candidates for PARP inhibitor treatment is well recognized. In this review, we detail many of the biomarkers that have been investigated for their ability to predict both PARP inhibitor sensitivity and resistance in preclinical studies as well as the results of several clinical trials that have tested the safety and efficacy of different PARP inhibitor agents in BRCA and non-BRCA-mutated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Murata
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Catherine Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Nathan Finch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Kevin Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Loredana Campo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Eun-Kyoung Breuer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
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83
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Dale Rein I, Solberg Landsverk K, Micci F, Patzke S, Stokke T. Replication-induced DNA damage after PARP inhibition causes G2 delay, and cell line-dependent apoptosis, necrosis and multinucleation. Cell Cycle 2016; 14:3248-60. [PMID: 26312527 PMCID: PMC4825575 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1085137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
PARP inhibitors have been approved for treatment of tumors with mutations in or loss of BRCA1/2. The molecular mechanisms and particularly the cellular phenotypes resulting in synthetic lethality are not well understood and varying clinical responses have been observed. We have investigated the dose- and time-dependency of cell growth, cell death and cell cycle traverse of 4 malignant lymphocyte cell lines treated with the PARP inhibitor Olaparib. PARP inhibition induced a severe growth inhibition in this cell line panel and increased the levels of phosphorylated H2AX-associated DNA damage in S phase. Repair of the remaining replication related damage caused a G2 phase delay before entry into mitosis. The G2 delay, and the growth inhibition, was more pronounced in the absence of functional ATM. Further, Olaparib treated Reh and Granta-519 cells died by apoptosis, while U698 and JVM-2 cells proceeded through mitosis with aberrant chromosomes, skipped cytokinesis, and eventually died by necrosis. The TP53-deficient U698 cells went through several rounds of DNA replication and mitosis without cytokinesis, ending up as multinucleated cells with DNA contents of up to 16c before dying. In summary, we report here for the first time cell cycle-resolved DNA damage induction, and cell line-dependent differences in the mode of cell death caused by PARP inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idun Dale Rein
- a Group for Molecular Radiation Biology ; Department of Radiation Biology ; The Norwegian Radium Hospital ; Oslo , Norway
| | - Kirsti Solberg Landsverk
- a Group for Molecular Radiation Biology ; Department of Radiation Biology ; The Norwegian Radium Hospital ; Oslo , Norway
| | - Francesca Micci
- b Section of Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Medical Informatics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital ; Oslo , Norway.,c Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital ; Oslo , Norway
| | - Sebastian Patzke
- a Group for Molecular Radiation Biology ; Department of Radiation Biology ; The Norwegian Radium Hospital ; Oslo , Norway
| | - Trond Stokke
- a Group for Molecular Radiation Biology ; Department of Radiation Biology ; The Norwegian Radium Hospital ; Oslo , Norway
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84
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Makvandi M, Xu K, Lieberman BP, Anderson RC, Effron SS, Winters HD, Zeng C, McDonald ES, Pryma DA, Greenberg RA, Mach RH. A Radiotracer Strategy to Quantify PARP-1 Expression In Vivo Provides a Biomarker That Can Enable Patient Selection for PARP Inhibitor Therapy. Cancer Res 2016; 76:4516-24. [PMID: 27261505 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-0416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite the availability of PARP inhibitors for cancer therapy, a biomarker to clearly stratify patients for selection of this treatment remains lacking. Here we describe a radiotracer-based method that addresses this issue, using the novel compound [(125)I] KX1: as a PARP-1-selective radiotracer that can accurately measure PARP-1 expression in vitro and in vivo The pharmacologic properties of the PARP radiotracer [(125)I] KX1: was characterized in multiple cell lines where single-agent sensitivity was correlated with [(125)I] KX1: binding to PARP-1. In vivo evaluation of [(125)I] KX1: verified in vitro results, validating PARP radiotracers to define PARP-1 enzyme expression as an in vivo biomarker. Notably, PARP-1 expression as quantified by [(125)I] KX1: correlated positively with the cytotoxic sensitivity of cell lines evaluated with PARP inhibitors. Overall, our results defined a novel technology with the potential to serve as a companion diagnostic to identify patients most likely to respond therapeutically to a PARP inhibitor. Cancer Res; 76(15); 4516-24. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Makvandi
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kuiying Xu
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Brian P Lieberman
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Redmond-Craig Anderson
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Samuel Sander Effron
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Harrison D Winters
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Chenbo Zeng
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Elizabeth S McDonald
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Daniel A Pryma
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Roger A Greenberg
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Robert H Mach
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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85
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Lim D, Ngeow J. Evaluation of the methods to identify patients who may benefit from PARP inhibitor use. Endocr Relat Cancer 2016; 23:R267-85. [PMID: 27226207 DOI: 10.1530/erc-16-0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The effectiveness of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) in treating cancers associated with BRCA1/2 mutations hinges upon the concept of synthetic lethality and exemplifies the principles of precision medicine. Currently, most clinical trials are recruiting patients based on pathological subtypes or have included BRCA mutation analysis (germ line and/or somatic) as part of the selection criteria. Mounting evidence, however, suggests that these drugs may also be efficacious in tumors with defects in other genes involved in the homologous recombination repair pathway. Advances in molecular profiling techniques together with increased research efforts have led to a better understanding of the molecular aberrations underlying this BRCA-like phenotype and helped broaden the concept of BRCAness. Hence, it is likely that the list of predictive biomarkers for PARPi therapy will increase in future. There is currently no gold standard method of testing for PARPi response and no universal guidelines are in place on how to incorporate biomarker testing into routine clinical diagnostics. In this review, we explore the concept of BRCAness and highlight the different methods that have been used to identify patients who may benefit from the use of these anticancer agents. The identification of predictive biomarkers is crucial in improving patient selection and expanding the clinical applications of PARPi therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Lim
- Department of PathologyNational University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joanne Ngeow
- Lee Kong Chian School of MedicineNanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore Cancer Genetics ServiceDivision of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore
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86
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Krumm A, Barckhausen C, Kücük P, Tomaszowski KH, Loquai C, Fahrer J, Krämer OH, Kaina B, Roos WP. Enhanced Histone Deacetylase Activity in Malignant Melanoma Provokes RAD51 and FANCD2-Triggered Drug Resistance. Cancer Res 2016; 76:3067-77. [PMID: 26980768 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-2680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
DNA-damaging anticancer drugs remain a part of metastatic melanoma therapy. Epigenetic reprogramming caused by increased histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity arising during tumor formation may contribute to resistance of melanomas to the alkylating drugs temozolomide, dacarbazine, and fotemustine. Here, we report on the impact of class I HDACs on the response of malignant melanoma cells treated with alkylating agents. The data show that malignant melanomas in situ contain a high level of HDAC1/2 and malignant melanoma cells overexpress HDAC1/2/3 compared with noncancer cells. Furthermore, pharmacologic inhibition of class I HDACs sensitizes malignant melanoma cells to apoptosis following exposure to alkylating agents, while not affecting primary melanocytes. Inhibition of HDAC1/2/3 caused sensitization of melanoma cells to temozolomide in vitro and in melanoma xenografts in vivo HDAC1/2/3 inhibition resulted in suppression of DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair by homologous recombination because of downregulation of RAD51 and FANCD2. This sensitized cells to the cytotoxic DNA lesion O(6)-methylguanine and caused a synthetic lethal interaction with the PARP-1 inhibitor olaparib. Furthermore, knockdown experiments identified HDAC2 as being responsible for the regulation of RAD51. The influence of class I HDACs on DSB repair by homologous recombination and the possible clinical implication on malignant melanoma therapy with temozolomide and other alkylating drugs suggests a combination approach where class I HDAC inhibitors such as valproic acid or MS-275 (entinostat) appear to counteract HDAC- and RAD51/FANCD2-mediated melanoma cell resistance. Cancer Res; 76(10); 3067-77. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Krumm
- Institute of Toxicology, Medical Center of the University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Pelin Kücük
- Institute of Toxicology, Medical Center of the University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Carmen Loquai
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center of the University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jörg Fahrer
- Institute of Toxicology, Medical Center of the University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Bernd Kaina
- Institute of Toxicology, Medical Center of the University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Wynand Paul Roos
- Institute of Toxicology, Medical Center of the University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
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87
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Huh MS, Ivanochko D, Hashem LE, Curtin M, Delorme M, Goodall E, Yan K, Picketts DJ. Stalled replication forks within heterochromatin require ATRX for protection. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2220. [PMID: 27171262 PMCID: PMC4917659 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Expansive growth of neural progenitor cells (NPCs) is a prerequisite to the temporal waves of neuronal differentiation that generate the six-layered neocortex, while also placing a heavy burden on proteins that regulate chromatin packaging and genome integrity. This problem is further reflected by the growing number of developmental disorders caused by mutations in chromatin regulators. ATRX gene mutations cause a severe intellectual disability disorder (α-thalassemia mental retardation X-linked (ATRX) syndrome; OMIM no. 301040), characterized by microcephaly, urogenital abnormalities and α-thalassemia. Although the ATRX protein is required for the maintenance of repetitive DNA within heterochromatin, how this translates to disease pathogenesis remain poorly understood and was a focus of this study. We demonstrate that Atrx(FoxG1Cre) forebrain-specific conditional knockout mice display poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (Parp-1) hyperactivation during neurogenesis and generate fewer late-born Cux1- and Brn2-positive neurons that accounts for the reduced cortical size. Moreover, DNA damage, induced Parp-1 and Atm activation is elevated in progenitor cells and contributes to their increased level of cell death. ATRX-null HeLa cells are similarly sensitive to hydroxyurea-induced replication stress, accumulate DNA damage and proliferate poorly. Impaired BRCA1-RAD51 colocalization and PARP-1 hyperactivation indicated that stalled replication forks are not efficiently protected. DNA fiber assays confirmed that MRE11 degradation of stalled replication forks was rampant in the absence of ATRX or DAXX. Indeed, fork degradation in ATRX-null cells could be attenuated by treatment with the MRE11 inhibitor mirin, or exacerbated by inhibiting PARP-1 activity. Taken together, these results suggest that ATRX is required to limit replication stress during cellular proliferation, whereas upregulation of PARP-1 activity functions as a compensatory mechanism to protect stalled forks, limiting genomic damage, and facilitating late-born neuron production.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Huh
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - D Ivanochko
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - L E Hashem
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - M Curtin
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - M Delorme
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - E Goodall
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - K Yan
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - D J Picketts
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
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88
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Veskimäe K, Staff S, Grönholm A, Pesu M, Laaksonen M, Nykter M, Isola J, Mäenpää J. Assessment of PARP protein expression in epithelial ovarian cancer by ELISA pharmacodynamic assay and immunohistochemistry. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:11991-11999. [PMID: 27155850 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5062-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) involved in base excision repair (BER) has been shown to be a clinically effective treatment strategy in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) defective in homologous recombination (HR). The aim of this study was to evaluate fresh EOC tumor tissue in regard to PAR (Poly (ADP-ribose)) concentration as a surrogate marker for PARP activity and PARP protein expression in archival samples by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The prospective study cohort consisted of 57 fresh tumor samples derived from patients undergoing primary (n = 38) or interval debulking surgery (n = 19) for EOC and parallel archival paraffin-embedded tumor samples. PARP activity in fresh frozen tumor tissue was assessed by an enzymatic chemiluminescence assay and PARP protein expression in paraffin-embedded tumor tissue by IHC. No correlation was detected between PARP enzyme activity and PARP staining by IHC (p = 0.82). High PARP activity was associated with platinum sensitivity both in the entire study cohort (p = 0.022) and in the high-grade subgroup (p = 0.017). High PARP activity was also associated with improved progression-free survival (PFS) (32 vs 14 months, log-rank p = 0.009). However, PARP immunostaining pattern was not predictive of patient survival. In conclusion, we present a novel finding of high PARP activity associated with platinum sensitivity and improved PFS in EOC. There was no association between PARP IHC and pharmacodynamic assay, and the correlation of PARP IHC with clinico-pathological characteristics and patient survival was poor. Pharmacodynamic assay rather than IHC seems to reflect better biologically significant PARP.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Veskimäe
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tampere University Hospital, PO Box 2000, 33521, Tampere, Finland.
| | - S Staff
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tampere University Hospital, PO Box 2000, 33521, Tampere, Finland.,Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Institute of Biomedical Technology, BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - A Grönholm
- Immunoregulation, Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology, BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - M Pesu
- Immunoregulation, Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology, BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Dermatology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - M Laaksonen
- Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - M Nykter
- Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - J Isola
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Institute of Biomedical Technology, BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - J Mäenpää
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tampere University Hospital, PO Box 2000, 33521, Tampere, Finland.,School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
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89
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Coordinated Regulation of TIP60 and Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase 1 in Damaged-Chromatin Dynamics. Mol Cell Biol 2016; 36:1595-607. [PMID: 26976643 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01085-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamic exchange of histones alleviates the nucleosome barrier and simultaneously facilitates various aspects of cellular DNA metabolism, such as DNA repair and transcription. In response to DNA damage, the acetylation of Lys5 in the histone variant H2AX, catalyzed by TIP60, plays a key role in promoting histone exchange; however, the detailed molecular mechanism still is unclear. Here, we show that the TIP60 complex includes poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1). PARP-1 is required for the rapid exchange of H2AX on chromatin at DNA damage sites. It is known that PARP-1 binds dynamically to damaged chromatin and is crucial for the subsequent recruitment of other repair factors, and its auto-poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation is required for the dynamics. We also show that the acetylation of histone H2AX at Lys5 by TIP60, but not the phosphorylation of H2AX, is required for the ADP-ribosylation activity of PARP-1 and its dynamic binding to damaged chromatin. Our results indicate the reciprocal regulation of K5 acetylation of H2AX and PARP-1, which could modulate the chromatin structure to facilitate DNA metabolism at damage sites. This could explain the rather undefined roles of PARP-1 in various DNA damage responses.
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90
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Moschetta M, George A, Kaye SB, Banerjee S. BRCA somatic mutations and epigenetic BRCA modifications in serous ovarian cancer. Ann Oncol 2016; 27:1449-55. [PMID: 27037296 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The significant activity of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP) inhibitors in the treatment of germline BRCA mutation-associated ovarian cancer, which represents ∼15% of HGS cases, has recently led to European Medicines Agency and food and drug administration approval of olaparib. Accumulating evidence suggests that PARP inhibitors may have a wider application in the treatment of sporadic ovarian cancers. Up to 50% of HGS ovarian cancer patients may exhibit homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) through mechanisms including germline BRCA mutations, somatic BRCA mutations, and BRCA promoter methylation. In this review, we discuss the role of somatic BRCA mutations and BRCA methylation in ovarian cancer. There is accumulating evidence for routine somatic BRCA mutation testing, but the relevance of BRCA epigenetic modifications is less clear. We explore the challenges that need to be addressed if the full potential of these markers of HRD is to be utilised in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A George
- Gynaecology Unit and Cancer Genetics Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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91
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Parkes EE, Kennedy RD. Clinical Application of Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer. Oncologist 2016; 21:586-93. [PMID: 27022037 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2015-0438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED : High-grade serous ovarian cancer is characterized by genomic instability, with one half of all tumors displaying defects in the important DNA repair pathway of homologous recombination. Given the action of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors in targeting tumors with deficiencies in this repair pathway by loss of BRCA1/2, ovarian tumors could be an attractive population for clinical application of this therapy. PARP inhibitors have moved into clinical practice in the past few years, with approval from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMA) within the past 2 years. The U.S. FDA approval of olaparib applies to fourth line treatment in germline BRCA-mutant ovarian cancer, and European EMA approval to olaparib maintenance in both germline and somatic BRCA-mutant platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer. In order to widen the ovarian cancer patient population that would benefit from PARP inhibitors, predictive biomarkers based on a clear understanding of the mechanism of action are required. Additionally, a better understanding of the toxicity profile is needed if PARP inhibitors are to be used in the curative, rather than the palliative, setting. We reviewed the development of PARP inhibitors in phase I-III clinical trials, including combination trials of PARP inhibitors and chemotherapy/antiangiogenics, the approval for these agents, the mechanisms of resistance, and the outstanding issues, including the development of biomarkers and the rate of long-term hematologic toxicities with these agents. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE The poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor olaparib has recently received approval from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMA), with a second agent (rucaparib) likely to be approved in the near future. However, the patient population with potential benefit from PARP inhibitors is likely wider than that of germline BRCA mutation-associated disease, and biomarkers are in development to enable the selection of patients with the potential for clinical benefit from these agents. Questions remain regarding the toxicities of PARP inhibitors, limiting the use of these agents in the prophylactic or adjuvant setting until more information is available. The indications for olaparib as indicated by the FDA and EMA are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen E Parkes
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Richard D Kennedy
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom Almac Diagnostics, Craigavon, United Kingdom
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92
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Hyper-active non-homologous end joining selects for synthetic lethality resistant and pathological Fanconi anemia hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22167. [PMID: 26916217 PMCID: PMC4768158 DOI: 10.1038/srep22167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The prominent role of Fanconi anemia (FA) proteins involves homologous recombination (HR) repair. Poly[ADP-ribose] polymerase1 (PARP1) functions in multiple cellular processes including DNA repair and PARP inhibition is an emerging targeted therapy for cancer patients deficient in HR. Here we show that PARP1 activation in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) in response to genotoxic or oxidative stress attenuates HSPC exhaustion. Mechanistically, PARP1 controls the balance between HR and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) in double strand break (DSB) repair by preventing excessive NHEJ. Disruption of the FA core complex skews PARP1 function in DSB repair and led to hyper-active NHEJ in Fanca−/− or Fancc−/− HSPCs. Re-expression of PARP1 rescues the hyper-active NHEJ phenotype in Brca1−/−Parp1−/− but less effective in Fanca−/−Parp1−/− cells. Inhibition of NHEJ prevents myeloid/erythroid pathologies associated with synthetic lethality. Our results suggest that hyper-active NHEJ may select for “synthetic lethality” resistant and pathological HSPCs.
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93
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Helleday T. PARP inhibitor receives FDA breakthrough therapy designation in castration resistant prostate cancer: beyond germline BRCA mutations. Ann Oncol 2016; 27:755-7. [PMID: 26865580 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T Helleday
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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94
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Sakasai R, Iwabuchi K. The distinctive cellular responses to DNA strand breaks caused by a DNA topoisomerase I poison in conjunction with DNA replication and RNA transcription. Genes Genet Syst 2015; 90:187-94. [PMID: 26616758 DOI: 10.1266/ggs.15-00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Camptothecin (CPT) inhibits DNA topoisomerase I (Top1) through a non-catalytic mechanism that stabilizes the Top1-DNA cleavage complex (Top1cc) and blocks the DNA re-ligation step, resulting in the accumulation in the genome of DNA single-strand breaks (SSBs), which are converted to secondary strand breaks when they collide with the DNA replication and RNA transcription machinery. DNA strand breaks mediated by replication, which have one DNA end, are distinct in repair from the DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) that have two ends and are caused by ionizing radiation and other agents. In contrast to two-ended DSBs, such one-ended DSBs are preferentially repaired through the homologous recombination pathway. Conversely, the repair of one-ended DSBs by the non-homologous end-joining pathway is harmful for cells and leads to cell death. The choice of repair pathway has a crucial impact on cell fate and influences the efficacy of anticancer drugs such as CPT derivatives. In addition to replication-mediated one-ended DSBs, transcription also generates DNA strand breaks upon collision with the Top1cc. Some reports suggest that transcription-mediated DNA strand breaks correlate with neurodegenerative diseases. However, the details of the repair mechanisms of, and cellular responses to, transcription-mediated DNA strand breaks still remain unclear. In this review, combining our recent results and those of previous reports, we introduce and discuss the responses to CPT-induced DNA damage mediated by DNA replication and RNA transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Sakasai
- Department of Biochemistry I, Kanazawa Medical University
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95
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Glass JJ, Phillips PA, Gunning PW, Stehn JR. Hypoxia alters the recruitment of tropomyosins into the actin stress fibres of neuroblastoma cells. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:712. [PMID: 26475688 PMCID: PMC4608101 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1741-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor of childhood. The heterogeneous microenvironment of solid tumors contains hypoxic regions associated with poor prognosis and chemoresistance. Hypoxia implicates the actin cytoskeleton through its essential roles in motility, invasion and proliferation. However, hypoxia-induced changes in the actin cytoskeleton have only recently been observed in human cells. Tropomyosins are key regulators of the actin cytoskeleton and we hypothesized that tropomyosins may mediate hypoxic phenotypes. Methods Neuroblastoma (SH-EP) cells were incubated ± hypoxia (1 % O2, 5 % CO2) for up to 144 h, before examining the cytoskeleton by confocal microscopy and Western blotting. Results Hypoxic cells were characterized by a more organized actin cytoskeleton and a reduced ability to degrade gelatin substrates. Hypoxia significantly increased mean actin filament bundle width (72 h) and actin filament length (72–96 h). This correlated with increased hypoxic expression and filamentous organization of stabilizing tropomyosins Tm1 and Tm2. However, isoform specific changes in tropomyosin expression were more evident at 96 h. Conclusions This study demonstrates hypoxia-induced changes in the recruitment of high molecular weight tropomyosins into the actin stress fibres of a human cancer. While hypoxia induced clear changes in actin organization compared with parallel normoxic cultures of neuroblastoma, the precise role of tropomyosins in this hypoxic actin reorganization remains to be determined. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-015-1741-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J Glass
- Oncology Research Unit, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Room 229, Wallace Wurth Building, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia. .,Current address: ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.
| | - Phoebe A Phillips
- Pancreatic Cancer Translational Research Group, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
| | - Peter W Gunning
- Oncology Research Unit, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Room 229, Wallace Wurth Building, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
| | - Justine R Stehn
- Oncology Research Unit, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Room 229, Wallace Wurth Building, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
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96
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Weaver AN, Cooper TS, Rodriguez M, Trummell HQ, Bonner JA, Rosenthal EL, Yang ES. DNA double strand break repair defect and sensitivity to poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibition in human papillomavirus 16-positive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2015; 6:26995-7007. [PMID: 26336991 PMCID: PMC4694969 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with human papillomavirus-positive (HPV+) head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) have increased response to radio- and chemotherapy and improved overall survival, possibly due to an impaired DNA damage response. Here, we investigated the correlation between HPV status and repair of DNA damage in HNSCC cell lines. We also assessed in vitro and in vivo sensitivity to the PARP inhibitor veliparib (ABT-888) in HNSCC cell lines and an HPV+ patient xenograft. Repair of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) was significantly delayed in HPV+ compared to HPV- HNSCCs, resulting in persistence of γH2AX foci. Although DNA repair activators 53BP1 and BRCA1 were functional in all HNSCCs, HPV+ cells showed downstream defects in both non-homologous end joining and homologous recombination repair. Specifically, HPV+ cells were deficient in protein recruitment and protein expression of DNA-Pk and BRCA2, key factors for non-homologous end joining and homologous recombination respectively. Importantly, the apparent DNA repair defect in HPV+ HNSCCs was associated with increased sensitivity to the PARP inhibitor veliparib, resulting in decreased cell survival in vitro and a 10-14 day tumor growth delay in vivo. These results support the testing of PARP inhibition in combination with DNA damaging agents as a novel therapeutic strategy for HPV+ HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice N. Weaver
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35249, USA
| | - Tiffiny S. Cooper
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35249, USA
| | - Marcela Rodriguez
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35249, USA
| | - Hoa Q. Trummell
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35249, USA
| | - James A. Bonner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35249, USA
| | - Eben L. Rosenthal
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35249, USA
| | - Eddy S. Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35249, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35249, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35249, USA
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97
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Abstract
ADP-ribosylation is a post-translational modification where single units (mono-ADP-ribosylation) or polymeric chains (poly-ADP-ribosylation) of ADP-ribose are conjugated to proteins by ADP-ribosyltransferases. This post-translational modification and the ADP-ribosyltransferases (also known as PARPs) responsible for its synthesis have been found to play a role in nearly all major cellular processes, including DNA repair, transcription, translation, cell signaling, and cell death. Furthermore, dysregulation of ADP-ribosylation has been linked to diseases including cancers, diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders, and heart failure, leading to the development of therapeutic PARP inhibitors, many of which are currently in clinical trials. The study of this therapeutically important modification has recently been bolstered by the application of mass spectrometry-based proteomics, arguably the most powerful tool for the unbiased analysis of protein modifications. Unfortunately, progress has been hampered by the inherent challenges that stem from the physicochemical properties of ADP-ribose, which as a post-translational modification is highly charged, heterogeneous (linear or branched polymers, as well as monomers), labile, and found on a wide range of amino acid acceptors. In this Perspective, we discuss the progress that has been made in addressing these challenges, including the recent breakthroughs in proteomics techniques to identify ADP-ribosylation sites, and future developments to provide a proteome-wide view of the many cellular processes regulated by ADP-ribosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey M Daniels
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Shao-En Ong
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Anthony K L Leung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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98
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Michels J, Adam J, Goubar A, Obrist F, Damotte D, Robin A, Alifano M, Vitale I, Olaussen KA, Girard P, Cremer I, Castedo M, Soria JC, Kroemer G. Negative prognostic value of high levels of intracellular poly(ADP-ribose) in non-small cell lung cancer. Ann Oncol 2015; 26:2470-7. [PMID: 26387143 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cisplatin-resistant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells are often characterized by alterations in vitamin B-related metabolic processes, including the overexpression and hyperactivation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) and the downregulation of pyridoxal kinase (PDXK), correlating with elevated apoptosis resistance. Low PDXK expression is an established negative prognostic factor in NSCLC. PATIENTS AND METHODS We determined by immunohistochemistry the expression of PARP1 and the level of its product, poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR), in two independent cohorts of patients with resected NSCLC. RESULTS Intratumoral high levels (above median) of PAR (but not PARP1 protein levels) had a negative prognostic impact in both the training (92 stage I subjects) and validation (133 stage I and II subjects) cohorts, as determined by univariate and multivariate analyses. The simultaneous assessment of PAR and PDXK protein levels improved risk stratification. CONCLUSION NSCLC patients with high intratumoral PARP1 activity (i.e. elevated PAR levels above median) and low PDXK expression (below median) had a dismal prognosis, while patients with low PARP1 activity and high PDXK expression had a favorable outcome. Altogether, these results underscore the clinical potential and possible therapeutic relevance of these biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Michels
- INSERM UMR1138 Group 11, Cordeliers Research Centre, Paris Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Center, Villejuif Paris-Sud University, Villejuif
| | - J Adam
- Paris-Sud University, Villejuif Department of Pathology, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Center, Villejuif INSERM U981, Villejuif
| | | | - F Obrist
- INSERM UMR1138 Group 11, Cordeliers Research Centre, Paris Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris
| | - D Damotte
- INSERM UMR1138 Group 11, Cordeliers Research Centre, Paris Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris Department of Pathology and Thoracic Surgery, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP, Paris Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | | | - M Alifano
- Department of Pathology and Thoracic Surgery, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP, Paris Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - I Vitale
- Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome Department of Biology, University of Rome 'TorVergata', Rome, Italy
| | - K A Olaussen
- Paris-Sud University, Villejuif INSERM U981, Villejuif
| | - P Girard
- Thoracic Department, Mutualiste Montsouris Institute, Paris
| | - I Cremer
- INSERM UMR1138 Group 11, Cordeliers Research Centre, Paris Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - M Castedo
- INSERM UMR1138 Group 11, Cordeliers Research Centre, Paris Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris
| | - J-C Soria
- Paris-Sud University, Villejuif INSERM U981, Villejuif Department of Drug Development, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Center, Villejuif
| | - G Kroemer
- INSERM UMR1138 Group 11, Cordeliers Research Centre, Paris Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris Paris Descartes University, Paris, France Metabolomics Platform, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Center, Villejuif Department of Biology, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
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99
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RecQ helicases and PARP1 team up in maintaining genome integrity. Ageing Res Rev 2015; 23:12-28. [PMID: 25555679 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Genome instability represents a primary hallmark of aging and cancer. RecQL helicases (i.e., RECQL1, WRN, BLM, RECQL4, RECQL5) as well as poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs, in particular PARP1) represent two central quality control systems to preserve genome integrity in mammalian cells. Consistently, both enzymatic families have been linked to mechanisms of aging and carcinogenesis in mice and humans. This is in accordance with clinical and epidemiological findings demonstrating that defects in three RecQL helicases, i.e., WRN, BLM, RECQL4, are related to human progeroid and cancer predisposition syndromes, i.e., Werner, Bloom, and Rothmund Thomson syndrome, respectively. Moreover, PARP1 hypomorphy is associated with a higher risk for certain types of cancer. On a molecular level, RecQL helicases and PARP1 are involved in the control of DNA repair, telomere maintenance, and replicative stress. Notably, over the last decade, it became apparent that all five RecQL helicases physically or functionally interact with PARP1 and/or its enzymatic product poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR). Furthermore, a profound body of evidence revealed that the cooperative function of RECQLs and PARP1 represents an important factor for maintaining genome integrity. In this review, we summarize the status quo of this molecular cooperation and discuss open questions that provide a basis for future studies to dissect the cooperative functions of RecQL helicases and PARP1 in aging and carcinogenesis.
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100
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Livraghi L, Garber JE. PARP inhibitors in the management of breast cancer: current data and future prospects. BMC Med 2015; 13:188. [PMID: 26268938 PMCID: PMC4535298 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-015-0425-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARP) are enzymes involved in DNA-damage repair. Inhibition of PARPs is a promising strategy for targeting cancers with defective DNA-damage repair, including BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation-associated breast and ovarian cancers. Several PARP inhibitors are currently in trials in the adjuvant, neoadjuvant, and metastatic settings for the treatment of ovarian, BRCA-mutated breast, and other cancers. We herein review the development of PARP inhibitors and the basis for the excitement surrounding these agents, their use as single agents and in combinations, as well as their toxicities, mechanisms of acquired resistance, and companion diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Livraghi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| | - Judy E Garber
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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