51
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Raimo M, Orso F, Grassi E, Cimino D, Penna E, De Pittà C, Stadler MB, Primo L, Calautti E, Quaglino P, Provero P, Taverna D. miR-146a Exerts Differential Effects on Melanoma Growth and Metastatization. Mol Cancer Res 2016; 14:548-62. [DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-15-0425-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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52
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Targeting oncomiRNAs and mimicking tumor suppressor miRNAs: Νew trends in the development of miRNA therapeutic strategies in oncology (Review). Int J Oncol 2016; 49:5-32. [PMID: 27175518 PMCID: PMC4902075 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA or miR) therapeutics in cancer are based on targeting or mimicking miRNAs involved in cancer onset, progression, angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis. Several studies conclusively have demonstrated that miRNAs are deeply involved in tumor onset and progression, either behaving as tumor-promoting miRNAs (oncomiRNAs and metastamiRNAs) or as tumor suppressor miRNAs. This review focuses on the most promising examples potentially leading to the development of anticancer, miRNA-based therapeutic protocols. The inhibition of miRNA activity can be readily achieved by the use of miRNA inhibitors and oligomers, including RNA, DNA and DNA analogues (miRNA antisense therapy), small molecule inhibitors, miRNA sponges or through miRNA masking. On the contrary, the enhancement of miRNA function (miRNA replacement therapy) can be achieved by the use of modified miRNA mimetics, such as plasmid or lentiviral vectors carrying miRNA sequences. Combination strategies have been recently developed based on the observation that i) the combined administration of different antagomiR molecules induces greater antitumor effects and ii) some anti-miR molecules can sensitize drug-resistant tumor cell lines to therapeutic drugs. In this review, we discuss two additional issues: i) the combination of miRNA replacement therapy with drug administration and ii) the combination of antagomiR and miRNA replacement therapy. One of the solid results emerging from different independent studies is that miRNA replacement therapy can enhance the antitumor effects of the antitumor drugs. The second important conclusion of the reviewed studies is that the combination of anti-miRNA and miRNA replacement strategies may lead to excellent results, in terms of antitumor effects.
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53
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Weber CEM, Luo C, Hotz-Wagenblatt A, Gardyan A, Kordaß T, Holland-Letz T, Osen W, Eichmüller SB. miR-339-3p Is a Tumor Suppressor in Melanoma. Cancer Res 2016; 76:3562-71. [PMID: 27197185 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-2932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Determinants of invasion and metastasis in cancer remain of great interest to define. Here, we report the definition of miR-339-3p as a novel tumor suppressive microRNA that blocks melanoma cell invasion without affecting cell survival. miR-339-3p was identified by a comprehensive functional screen of a human miRNA mimetic library in a cell-based assay for invasion by the melanoma cell line A375. miR-339-3p was determined as a strong inhibitor of invasion differentially expressed in melanoma cells and healthy melanocytes. MCL1 was defined as a target for downregulation by miR-339-3p, functioning through direct interaction with the 3' untranslated region of MCL1 mRNA. Blocking miR-339-3p by an antagomiR was sufficient to increase melanoma cell invasion, an effect that could be phenocopied by RNAi-mediated silencing of MCL1. In vivo studies established that miR-339-3p overexpression was sufficient to decrease lung colonization by A375 melanoma cells in NSG mice, relative to control cells. Overall, our results defined miR-339-3p as a melanoma tumor suppressor, the levels of which contributes to invasive aggressiveness. Cancer Res; 76(12); 3562-71. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia E M Weber
- GMP and T-Cell Therapy Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Chonglin Luo
- GMP and T-Cell Therapy Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Agnes Hotz-Wagenblatt
- Genomics and Proteomics Core Facility, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Adriane Gardyan
- GMP and T-Cell Therapy Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Theresa Kordaß
- GMP and T-Cell Therapy Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tim Holland-Letz
- Biostatistics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfram Osen
- GMP and T-Cell Therapy Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan B Eichmüller
- GMP and T-Cell Therapy Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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54
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Politano G, Orso F, Raimo M, Benso A, Savino A, Taverna D, Di Carlo S. CyTRANSFINDER: a Cytoscape 3.3 plugin for three-component (TF, gene, miRNA) signal transduction pathway construction. BMC Bioinformatics 2016; 17:157. [PMID: 27059647 PMCID: PMC4826505 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-016-0964-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Biological research increasingly relies on network models to study complex phenomena. Signal Transduction Pathways are molecular circuits that model how cells receive, process, and respond to information from the environment providing snapshots of the overall cell dynamics. Most of the attempts to reconstruct signal transduction pathways are limited to single regulator networks including only genes/proteins. However, networks involving a single type of regulator and neglecting transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulations mediated by transcription factors and microRNAs, respectively, may not fully reveal the complex regulatory mechanisms of a cell. We observed a lack of computational instruments supporting explorative analysis on this type of three-component signal transduction pathways. Results We have developed CyTRANSFINDER, a new Cytoscape plugin able to infer three-component signal transduction pathways based on user defined regulatory patterns and including miRNAs, TFs and genes. Since CyTRANSFINDER has been designed to support exploratory analysis, it does not rely on expression data. To show the potential of the plugin we have applied it in a study of two miRNAs that are particularly relevant in human melanoma progression, miR-146a and miR-214. Conclusions CyTRANSFINDER supports the reconstruction of small signal transduction pathways among groups of genes. Results obtained from its use in a real case study have been analyzed and validated through both literature data and preliminary wet-lab experiments, showing the potential of this tool when performing exploratory analysis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12859-016-0964-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianfranco Politano
- Department of Control and Computer Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Torino, 10129, Italy
| | - Francesca Orso
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), Via Nizza, 52, Torino, 10126, Italy.,Dept. Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza, 52, Torino, 10126, Italy.,Center for Complex Systems in Molecular Biology and Medicine, Via Accademia Albertina, 13, Torino, 10123, Italy
| | - Monica Raimo
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), Via Nizza, 52, Torino, 10126, Italy.,Dept. Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza, 52, Torino, 10126, Italy
| | - Alfredo Benso
- Department of Control and Computer Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Torino, 10129, Italy
| | - Alessandro Savino
- Department of Control and Computer Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Torino, 10129, Italy
| | - Daniela Taverna
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), Via Nizza, 52, Torino, 10126, Italy.,Dept. Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza, 52, Torino, 10126, Italy.,Center for Complex Systems in Molecular Biology and Medicine, Via Accademia Albertina, 13, Torino, 10123, Italy
| | - Stefano Di Carlo
- Department of Control and Computer Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Torino, 10129, Italy.
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55
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miRNA-214: Expression, Therapeutic and Diagnostic Potential in Cancer. TUMORI JOURNAL 2015; 101:375-83. [PMID: 26108246 DOI: 10.5301/tj.5000318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression by binding to the 3' untranslated region of their target mRNAs. Recent work supports a role for miRNAs in the initiation and progression of human cancer. miRNA-214 not only mediates differentiation, senescence, angiogenesis, cell migration and virus replication but also acts as a tumor suppressor gene and oncogene. Increasing evidence indicates that miRNA-214 may serve as a biomarker in some cancer types. The aim of this review is to highlight and clarify the complexity of miRNA-214 activity, emphasizing its significant therapeutic and diagnostic potential.
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56
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Abstract
Melanoma, one of the most virulent forms of human malignancy, is the primary cause of mortality from cancers arising from the skin. The prognosis of metastatic melanoma remains dismal despite targeted therapeutic regimens that exploit our growing understanding of cancer immunology and genetic mutations that drive oncogenic cell signaling pathways in cancer. Epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation/demethylation, histone modifications and noncoding RNAs recently have been shown to play critical roles in melanoma pathogenesis. Current evidence indicates that imbalance of DNA methylation and demethylation, dysregulation of histone modification and chromatin remodeling, and altered translational control by noncoding RNAs contribute to melanoma tumorigenesis. Here, we summarize the most recent insights relating to epigenetic markers, focusing on diagnostic potential as well as novel therapeutic approaches for more effective treatment of advanced melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Guo
- Program in Dermatopathology, Department of Pathology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Ave. EBRC 401, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ting Xu
- Program in Dermatopathology, Department of Pathology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Ave. EBRC 401, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jonathan J Lee
- Program in Dermatopathology, Department of Pathology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Ave. EBRC 401, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - George F Murphy
- Program in Dermatopathology, Department of Pathology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Ave. EBRC 401, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Christine G Lian
- Program in Dermatopathology, Department of Pathology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Ave. EBRC 401, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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57
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Inoue M, Jinnin M, Wang Z, Nakamura K, Inoue K, Ichihara A, Moriya C, Sakai K, Fukushima S, Ihn H. microRNA level is raised in the hair shafts of patients with dematomyositis in comparison with normal subjects and patients with scleroderma. Int J Dermatol 2015; 55:786-90. [DOI: 10.1111/ijd.12958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minami Inoue
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery; Faculty of Life Sciences; Kumamoto University; Kumamoto Japan
| | - Masatoshi Jinnin
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery; Faculty of Life Sciences; Kumamoto University; Kumamoto Japan
| | - Zhongzhi Wang
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery; Faculty of Life Sciences; Kumamoto University; Kumamoto Japan
| | - Kayo Nakamura
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery; Faculty of Life Sciences; Kumamoto University; Kumamoto Japan
| | - Kuniko Inoue
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery; Faculty of Life Sciences; Kumamoto University; Kumamoto Japan
| | - Asako Ichihara
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery; Faculty of Life Sciences; Kumamoto University; Kumamoto Japan
| | - Chikako Moriya
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery; Faculty of Life Sciences; Kumamoto University; Kumamoto Japan
| | - Keisuke Sakai
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery; Faculty of Life Sciences; Kumamoto University; Kumamoto Japan
| | - Satoshi Fukushima
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery; Faculty of Life Sciences; Kumamoto University; Kumamoto Japan
| | - Hironobu Ihn
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery; Faculty of Life Sciences; Kumamoto University; Kumamoto Japan
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58
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Glukhova MA, Hynes N, Vivanco MDM, van Amerongen R, Clarke RB, Bentires-Alj M. The seventh ENBDC workshop on methods in mammary gland development and cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2015; 17:119. [PMID: 26330220 PMCID: PMC4557821 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-015-0629-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The seventh annual meeting of the European Network of Breast Development and Cancer Laboratories, held in Weggis, Switzerland, in April 2015, was focused on techniques for the study of normal and cancer stem cells, cell fate decisions, cancer initiation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina A Glukhova
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 26 Rue d'Ulm, Paris, F-75248, France. .,CNRS, UMR144, 26 rue d'Ulm, Paris, F-75248, France. .,INSERM, 101 rue de Tolbiac, Paris, F-75013, France.
| | - Nancy Hynes
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research (FMI), Maulbeerstr. 66, CH-4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Maria dM Vivanco
- CIC bioGUNE, Cell Biology & Stem Cell Unit, Technological Park of Bizkaia, 801 A, 48160 Dero, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Renée van Amerongen
- Section of Molecular Cytology and Van Leeuwenhoek Center for Advance Microscopy, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert B Clarke
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Paterson Building, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - Mohamed Bentires-Alj
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research (FMI), Maulbeerstr. 66, CH-4058, Basel, Switzerland
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59
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HE JIAN, TANG YAOYUN, TIAN YONGQUAN. MicroRNA-214 promotes proliferation and inhibits apoptosis via targeting Bax in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:6286-92. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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60
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Hallberg AR, Vorrink SU, Hudachek DR, Cramer-Morales K, Milhem MM, Cornell RA, Domann FE. Aberrant CpG methylation of the TFAP2A gene constitutes a mechanism for loss of TFAP2A expression in human metastatic melanoma. Epigenetics 2015; 9:1641-7. [PMID: 25625848 DOI: 10.4161/15592294.2014.988062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic melanoma is a deadly treatment-resistant form of skin cancer whose global incidence is on the rise. During melanocyte transformation and melanoma progression the expression profile of many genes changes. Among these, a gene implicated in several steps of melanocyte development, TFAP2A, is frequently silenced; however, the molecular mechanism of TFAP2A silencing in human melanoma remains unknown. In this study, we measured TFAP2A mRNA expression in primary human melanocytes compared to 11 human melanoma samples by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. In addition, we assessed CpG DNA methylation of the TFAP2A promoter in these samples using bisulfite sequencing. Compared to primary melanocytes, which showed high TFAP2A mRNA expression and no promoter methylation, human melanoma samples showed decreased TFAP2A mRNA expression and increased promoter methylation. We further show that increased CpG methylation correlates with decreased TFAP2A mRNA expression. Using The Cancer Genome Atlas, we further identified TFAP2A as a gene displaying among the most decreased expression in stage 4 melanomas vs. non-stage 4 melanomas, and whose CpG methylation was frequently associated with lack of mRNA expression. Based on our data, we conclude that TFAP2A expression in human melanomas can be silenced by aberrant CpG methylation of the TFAP2A promoter. We have identified aberrant CpG DNA methylation as an epigenetic mark associated with TFAP2A silencing in human melanoma that could have significant implications for the therapy of human melanoma using epigenetic modifying drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea R Hallberg
- a Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology; Graduate College ; The University of Iowa ; Iowa City , IA USA
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61
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Zhou L, Liu F, Wang X, Ouyang G. The roles of microRNAs in the regulation of tumor metastasis. Cell Biosci 2015; 5:32. [PMID: 26146543 PMCID: PMC4491246 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-015-0028-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding regulatory RNAs that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally by either inhibiting protein translation or degrading target mRNAs. The differential expression profiles of miRNAs in different types of cancers and in the multi-step process of tumor progression indicate that miRNAs are involved in tumor onset, growth and progression. Metastasis is the most common cause of cancer-related mortality. Current evidence demonstrates that aberrant miRNA expression promotes or inhibits tumor metastasis by modulating the expression of numerous target genes. Therefore, the identification of metastasis-related miRNAs and a better understanding of the complex functions of miRNAs in tumor metastasis will provide potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, as well as therapeutic targets for clinical application. Here, we review the functions of miRNAs in the control of multiple steps of tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhou
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Zhongshan Hospital, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361004 China.,Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029 China
| | - Fan Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Zhongshan Hospital, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361004 China.,Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102 China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Zhongshan Hospital, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361004 China
| | - Gaoliang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102 China
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62
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Wang J, Zhang X, Wang L, Yang Y, Dong Z, Wang H, Du L, Wang C. MicroRNA-214 suppresses oncogenesis and exerts impact on prognosis by targeting PDRG1 in bladder cancer. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118086. [PMID: 25706919 PMCID: PMC4338228 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-214 (miR-214) has been reported to be dysregulated in human bladder cancer tissues. We aimed to investigate the clinical correlation, biological significance and molecular network of miR-214 in bladder cancer. Our results showed miR-214 was down-regulated in bladder cancer tissues and significantly associated with tumor stage, lymph node status, grade, multifocality, history of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Moreover, miR-214 could serve as an independent factor of recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) for patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Restoration of miR-214 expression in bladder cancer cell lines inhibited cell proliferation, migration, invasion and markedly promoted apoptosis. Dual-luciferase reporter assay recognized PDRG1 as direct downstream target gene of miR-214. PDRG1 was significantly increased in tumors low of miR-214 and knockdown of PDRG1 mimicked the effects of miR-214 overexpression. Our findings manifest that miR-214 could exert tumor-suppressive effects in bladder cancer by directly down-regulating oncogene PDRG1 and suggest an appealing novel indicator for prognostic and therapeutic intervention of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Linyi People’s Hospital, Linyi, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yongmei Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhaogang Dong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lutao Du
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Chuanxin Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
- * E-mail:
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63
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Sharma T, Hamilton R, Mandal CC. miR-214: a potential biomarker and therapeutic for different cancers. Future Oncol 2015; 11:349-63. [DOI: 10.2217/fon.14.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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64
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Penna E, Orso F, Taverna D. miR-214 as a key hub that controls cancer networks: small player, multiple functions. J Invest Dermatol 2014; 135:960-969. [PMID: 25501033 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2014.479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are short regulatory RNAs that are able to post-transcriptionally modulate gene expression and that have crucial roles in the control of physiological and pathological processes including cancer onset, growth, and progression. miR-214, located inside the sequence of the long noncoding Dmn3os transcript, contributes to the regulation of normal and cancer cell biology, even if it operates in a context-dependent and sometimes contradictory manner. miR-214 is deregulated in several human tumors including melanoma, breast, ovarian, gastric, and hepatocellular carcinomas. miR-214's pleiotropic and tumor-specific contribution to various cancer formation and progression hallmarks is achieved via its several target genes. In fact, miR-214 behaves as a key hub by coordinating fundamental signaling networks such as PTEN/AKT, β-catenin, and tyrosine kinase receptor pathways. Interestingly, miR-214 also regulates the levels of crucial gene expression modulators: the epigenetic repressor Ezh2, "genome guardian" p53, transcription factors TFAP2, and another microRNA, miR-148b. Thus, miR-214 seems to have essential roles in coordinating tumor proliferation, stemness, angiogenesis, invasiveness, extravasation, metastasis, resistance to chemotherapy, and microenvironment. The sum of current literature reports suggests that miR-214 is a molecular hub involved in the control of cancer networks and, as such, could be a potential diagnostic/prognostic biomarker and target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Penna
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), Torino, Italy; Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Torino, Italy
| | - Francesca Orso
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), Torino, Italy; Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Torino, Italy; Center for Molecular Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Daniela Taverna
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), Torino, Italy; Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Torino, Italy; Center for Molecular Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
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65
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Zagryazhskaya A, Zhivotovsky B. miRNAs in lung cancer: a link to aging. Ageing Res Rev 2014; 17:54-67. [PMID: 24631464 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2014.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Development of lung cancer is associated with exposure to carcinogens such as tobacco smoke and some environmental factors. The incidence of lung cancer increases with age, particularly after age 60. It was estimated that less than 2% of all lung cancer cases occurred in patients younger than 45; therefore, this type of tumor can be considered as an aging-related disease. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules capable of regulating expression of over 50% of protein-coding genes. miRNAs were shown to play an extremely important role in cell functioning, affecting all biological processes, as well as development of various diseases. Expression profiles of miRNAs are known to be altered in cancer, including lung cancer, and also exhibit changes during aging. These RNA molecules are stable in tissue sections and blood and reflect tumor origin, histotype, and stage, which make them candidate diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. miRNA mimetics or inhibitors can be delivered into a cell, with possible therapeutic implications. Here, we review the results obtained during the last several years that demonstrate the aging-related regulation of miRNAs expression, in association with their role in lung cancer initiation, progression, and resistance to anticancer therapy, as well as the possibility to use miRNAs as predictive biomarkers for treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zagryazhskaya
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Toxicology, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Boris Zhivotovsky
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Toxicology, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Faculty of Basic Medicine, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
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66
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Xu Z, Wang T. miR-214 promotes the proliferation and invasion of osteosarcoma cells through direct suppression of LZTS1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 449:190-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.04.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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67
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68
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Desvignes T, Contreras A, Postlethwait JH. Evolution of the miR199-214 cluster and vertebrate skeletal development. RNA Biol 2014; 11:281-94. [PMID: 24643020 PMCID: PMC4075512 DOI: 10.4161/rna.28141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Revised: 01/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRs) are short non-coding RNAs that fine-tune the regulation of gene expression to coordinate a wide range of biological processes. MicroRNAs are transcribed from miR genes and primary miR transcripts are processed to approximately 22 nucleotide single strand mature forms that function as repressors of transcript translation when bound to the 3'UTR of protein coding transcripts in association with the RISC. Because of their role in the regulation of gene expression, miRs are essential players in development by acting on cell fate determination and progression toward cell differentiation. The miR199 and miR214 genes occupy an intronic cluster located on the opposite strand of the Dynamin3 gene. These miRNAs play major roles in a broad variety of developmental processes and diseases, including skeletal development and several types of cancer. In the work reported here, we first deciphered the origin of the miR199 and miR214 families by following evolution of miR paralogs and their host Dynamin paralogs. We then examined the expression patterns of miR199 and miR214 in developing zebrafish embryos and demonstrated their regulation through a common primary transcript. Results suggest an evolutionarily conserved regulation across vertebrate lineages. Our expression study showed predominant expression patterns for both miR in tissues surrounding developing craniofacial skeletal elements consistent with expression data in mouse and human, thus indicating a conserved role of miR199 and miR214 in vertebrate skeletogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam Contreras
- Institute of Neuroscience; University of Oregon; Eugene, OR USA
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Luo C, Weber CEM, Osen W, Bosserhoff AK, Eichmüller SB. The role of microRNAs in melanoma. Eur J Cell Biol 2014; 93:11-22. [PMID: 24602414 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most dangerous form of skin cancer, being largely resistant to conventional therapies at advanced stages. Understanding the molecular mechanisms behind this disease might be the key for the development of novel therapeutic strategies. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally control gene expression, thereby regulating various cellular signaling pathways involved in the initiation and progression of different cancer types, including melanoma. In this review, we summarize approaches for the identification of candidate miRNAs and their target genes and review the functions of miRNAs in melanoma. Finally, we highlight the recent progress in pre-clinical use of miRNAs as prognostic markers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chonglin Luo
- Translational Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Claudia E M Weber
- Translational Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfram Osen
- Translational Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Stefan B Eichmüller
- Translational Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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70
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MicroRNAs: master regulators of drug resistance, stemness, and metastasis. J Mol Med (Berl) 2014; 92:321-36. [PMID: 24509937 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-014-1129-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are 20-22 nucleotides long small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. Last decade has witnessed emerging evidences of active roles of miRNAs in tumor development, progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. Many factors contribute to their dysregulation in cancer, such as chromosomal aberrations, differential methylation of their own or host genes' promoters and alterations in miRNA biogenesis pathways. miRNAs have been shown to act as tumor suppressors or oncogenes depending on the targets they regulate and the tissue where they are expressed. Because miRNAs can regulate dozens of genes simultaneously and they can function as tumor suppressors or oncogenes, they have been proposed as promising targets for cancer therapy. In this review, we focus on the role of miRNAs in driving drug resistance and metastasis which are associated with stem cell properties of cancer cells. Furthermore, we discuss systems biology approaches to combine experimental and computational methods to study effects of miRNAs on gene or protein networks regulating these processes. Finally, we describe methods to target oncogenic or replace tumor suppressor miRNAs and current delivery strategies to sensitize refractory cells and to prevent metastasis. A holistic understanding of miRNAs' functions in drug resistance and metastasis, which are major causes of cancer-related deaths, and the development of novel strategies to target them efficiently will pave the way towards better translation of miRNAs into clinics and management of cancer therapy.
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71
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Hong L, Han Y, Zhang H, Zhao Q, Wu K, Fan D. Prognosis-related microRNAs in esophageal cancer. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2014; 14:483-9. [PMID: 24506707 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2014.882896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite improvements in detection, surgical resection and adjuvant therapy, the prognosis of esophageal cancer (EC) patients is dismal. A number of microRNAs (miRNAs) are related with the prognosis of EC. AREAS COVERED This review summarises the recent advances in prognosis-related miRNAs in EC and also analyses the molecular functions that they provide. This study further envisages future developments in the potential clinical applications of these miRNAs. EXPERT OPINION Altered miRNA expression of cancer tissues is useful for predicting the prognosis of EC patients. Individual circulating miRNAs have the potential to be used as novel biomarkers. Continued basic studies are warranted to gain more mechanistic insights into the functional effect of prognosis-related miRNAs on EC. More clinical trials should be performed to promote the clinical use of prognosis-related miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Hong
- Fourth Military Medical University, Xijing Hospital, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases , Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province , China +86 29 84773974 ; +86 29 82539041 ; ,
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72
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Penna E, Taverna D. In vivo Extravasation Assay. Bio Protoc 2014. [DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.1051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Kunz M. Oncogenes in melanoma: an update. Eur J Cell Biol 2013; 93:1-10. [PMID: 24468268 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2013.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a highly aggressive tumour with poor prognosis in the metastatic stage. BRAF, NRAS, and KIT are three well-known oncogenes involved in melanoma pathogenesis. Targeting of mutated BRAF kinase has recently been shown to significantly improve overall survival of metastatic melanoma patients, underscoring the particular role of this oncogene in melanoma biology. However, recurrences regularly occur within several months, which supposedly involve further oncogenes. Moreover, oncogenic driver mutations have not been described for up to 30% of all melanomas. In order to obtain a more complete picture of the mutational landscape of melanoma, more recent studies used high-throughput DNA sequencing technologies. A number of new oncogene candidates such as MAPK1/2, ERBB4, GRIN2A, GRM3, RAC1, and PREX2 were identified. Their particular role in melanoma biology is currently under investigation. Evidence for the functional relevance of some of these new oncogene candidates has been provided in in vitro and in vivo experiments. However, these findings await further validation in clinical studies. This review provides an overview on well-known melanoma oncogenes and new oncogene candidates, based on recent high-throughput sequencing studies. The list of genes discussed herein is of course not complete but highlights some of the most significant of recent findings in this area. The new candidates may support more individualized treatment approaches for metastatic melanoma patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Kunz
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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Bennett PE, Bemis L, Norris DA, Shellman YG. miR in melanoma development: miRNAs and acquired hallmarks of cancer in melanoma. Physiol Genomics 2013; 45:1049-59. [PMID: 24046283 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00116.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a very aggressive skin cancer with increasing incidence worldwide. MicroRNAs are small, noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression of targeted gene(s). The hallmark of cancer model outlined by Hanahan and Weinberg offers a meaningful framework to consider the roles of microRNAs in melanoma development and progression. In this systematic review of the literature, we associate what is known about deregulation of microRNAs and their targeted genes in melanoma development with the hallmarks and characteristics of cancer. The diagnostic and therapeutic potential of microRNAs for future melanoma management will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige E Bennett
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
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