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Shukla P, Yeleswarapu S, Heinrich M, Prakash J, Pati F. Mimicking Tumor Microenvironment by 3D Bioprinting: 3D Cancer Modeling. Biofabrication 2022; 14. [PMID: 35512666 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ac6d11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment typically comprises cancer cells, tumor vasculature, stromal components like fibroblasts, and host immune cells that assemble to support tumorigenesis. However, preexisting classic cancer models like 2D cell culture methods, 3D cancer spheroids, and tumor organoids seem to lack essential tumor microenvironment components. 3D bioprinting offers enormous advantages for developing in vitro tumor models by allowing user-controlled deposition of multiple biomaterials, cells, and biomolecules in a predefined architecture. This review highlights the recent developments in 3D cancer modeling using different bioprinting techniques to recreate the TME. 3D bioprinters enable fabrication of high-resolution microstructures to reproduce TME intricacies. Furthermore, 3D bioprinted models can be applied as a preclinical model for versatile research applications in the tumor biology and pharmaceutical industries. These models provide an opportunity to develop high-throughput drug screening platforms and can further be developed to suit individual patient requirements hence giving a boost to the field of personalized anti-cancer therapeutics. We underlined the various ways the existing studies have tried to mimic the TME, mimic the hallmark events of cancer growth and metastasis within the 3D bioprinted models and showcase the 3D drug-tumor interaction and further utilization of such models to develop personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanshu Shukla
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Hyderabad, Telangana, 502285, INDIA
| | - Sriya Yeleswarapu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Hyderabad, Telangana, 502285, INDIA
| | - Marcel Heinrich
- Department of Biomaterials, Science and Technology, University of Twente Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Biomaterials, Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7500AE, Enschede, The Netherlands, Enschede, Overijssel, 7500 AE, NETHERLANDS
| | - Jai Prakash
- Department of Biomaterials, Science and Technology, University of Twente Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Biomaterials, Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7500AE, Enschede, The Netherlands, Enschede, Overijssel, 7500 AE, NETHERLANDS
| | - Falguni Pati
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Hyderabad, Telangana, 502285, INDIA
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Luo CK, Chou PH, Ng SK, Lin WY, Wei TT. Cannabinoids orchestrate cross-talk between cancer cells and endothelial cells in colorectal cancer. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 29:597-611. [PMID: 34007062 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-021-00346-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Medical marijuana has been approved by the FDA for treating chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. However, less is known about its direct effects on tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment. In this study, RNA-sequencing datasets in the NCBI GEO repository were first analyzed; upregulation of cannabinoid receptors was observed in both primary and metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) tumor tissues. An increase of cannabinoid receptors was also found in patients with CRC, azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium-induced CRC and CRC metastatic mouse models. Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC)-induced tumor progression in both primary and metastatic mouse models and also increased angiogenesis. A human growth factor antibody array indicated that Δ9-THC promoted the secretion of angiogenic growth factors in CRC, leading to the induction of tube formation and migration in human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived vascular endothelial cells. The nuclear translocation of STAT1 played important roles in Δ9-THC-induced angiogenesis and tumor progression. Pharmacological treatment with STAT1 antagonist or abrogation of STAT1 with CRISPR/Cas9-based strategy rescued those effects of Δ9-THC in CRC. This study demonstrates that marijuana might increase the risk of CRC progression and that inhibition of STAT1 is a potential strategy for attenuating these side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong-Kai Luo
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hsuan Chou
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Kok Ng
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yen Lin
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Tang Wei
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Baskar G, Palaniyandi T, Viswanathan S, Rajendran BK, Ravi M, Sivaji A. Development of patient derived organoids for cancer drug screening applications. Acta Histochem 2022; 124:151895. [PMID: 35486967 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2022.151895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a disease characterised by abnormal cell growth that can invade or spread to other regions of the body. Organoids are three-dimensional ex vivo tissue cultures made from embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, progenitor cells or tissue that serve as a physiological model for cancer research. These are designed to recapitulate the in vivo properties of tumours. Importantly, effective recapitulation of the structure of tissues and function is believed to predict patient response, allowing for the creation of personalised therapy in a timely manner that may be used in the clinic. This Review discusses the pre-clinical model and different types of human organoids as models for the development of high throughput drug screening and also aims to highlight how organoids are shaping the future of cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gomathy Baskar
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. M.G.R Educational and Research Institute, Deemed to be University, Chennai, Tamil nadu, India
| | - Thirunavukkarasu Palaniyandi
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. M.G.R Educational and Research Institute, Deemed to be University, Chennai, Tamil nadu, India.
| | - Sandhiya Viswanathan
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. M.G.R Educational and Research Institute, Deemed to be University, Chennai, Tamil nadu, India
| | | | - Maddaly Ravi
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil nadu, India
| | - Asha Sivaji
- Department of Biochemistry, DKM College for Women, Vellore, Tamil nadu, India
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Comparison of clonal architecture between primary and immunodeficient mouse-engrafted acute myeloid leukemia cells. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1624. [PMID: 35338146 PMCID: PMC8956585 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29304-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Patient-derived xenografts (PDX) are widely used as human cancer models. Previous studies demonstrated clonal discordance between PDX and primary cells. However, in acute myeloid leukemia (AML)-PDX models, the significance of the clonal dynamics occurring in PDX remains unclear. By evaluating changes in the variant allele frequencies (VAF) of somatic mutations in serial samples of paired primary AML and their PDX bone marrow cells, we identify the skewing engraftment of relapsed or refractory (R/R) AML clones in 57% of PDX models generated from multiclonal AML cells at diagnosis, even if R/R clones are minor at <5% of VAF in patients. The event-free survival rate of patients whose AML cells successfully engraft in PDX models is consistently lower than that of patients with engraftment failure. We herein demonstrate that primary AML cells including potentially chemotherapy-resistant clones dominantly engraft in AML-PDX models and they enrich pre-existing treatment-resistant subclones.
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Ikeda-Imafuku M, Wang LLW, Rodrigues D, Shaha S, Zhao Z, Mitragotri S. Strategies to improve the EPR effect: A mechanistic perspective and clinical translation. J Control Release 2022; 345:512-536. [PMID: 35337939 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Many efforts have been made to achieve targeted delivery of anticancer drugs to enhance their efficacy and to reduce their adverse effects. These efforts include the development of nanomedicines as they can selectively penetrate through tumor blood vessels through the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. The EPR effect was first proposed by Maeda and co-workers in 1986, and since then various types of nanoparticles have been developed to take advantage of the phenomenon with regards to drug delivery. However, the EPR effect has been found to be highly variable and thus unreliable due to the complex tumor microenvironment. Various physical and pharmacological strategies have been explored to overcome this challenge. Here, we review key advances and emerging concepts of such EPR-enhancing strategies. Furthermore, we analyze 723 clinical trials of nanoparticles with EPR enhancers and discuss their clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Ikeda-Imafuku
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Cambridge, MA 20138, USA
| | - Lily Li-Wen Wang
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Cambridge, MA 20138, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Danika Rodrigues
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Cambridge, MA 20138, USA
| | - Suyog Shaha
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Cambridge, MA 20138, USA
| | - Zongmin Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Translational Oncology Program, University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Samir Mitragotri
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Cambridge, MA 20138, USA.
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Li C, Guan X, Jing H, Xiao X, Jin H, Xiong J, Ai S, Wang Y, Su T, Sun G, Fu T, Wang Y, Guo S, Liang P. Circular RNA circBFAR promotes glioblastoma progression by regulating a miR-548b/FoxM1 axis. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22183. [PMID: 35202487 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101307r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive type of tumor of the primary nervous system. Treatment options for GBM include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy; however, the clinical outcomes are poor, with a high rate of recurrence. An increasing number of studies have shown that circular RNAs (circRNAs) serve important roles in several types of cancer. Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was utilized to identify the differentially expressed circRNAs and their biological functions. Then, we detected the circular RNA bifunctional apoptosis regulator (circBFAR) was significantly increased in three GEO datasets. However, the role of circBFAR has not been reported in GBM. In this study, the expression of circBFAR was significantly increased both in GBM tissues or cell lines and was negatively correlated with overall survival in patients with GBM. Knockdown of circBFAR inhibited proliferation and invasion both in vitro and in vivo. Increased expression of circBFAR resulted in a reduction of miR-548b expression in glioma cells. A luciferase reporter and RIP assay indicated that miR-548b was a direct target of circBFAR, and miR-548b may negatively regulate the expression of FoxM1. Rescue experiments showed that overexpression of FoxM1 could counter the effect of circBFAR silencing on the proliferation and invasion of glioma cell lines. Moreover, we identified that circBFAR regulates FoxM1 by interacting with miR-548b in glioma cells. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that a circBFAR/miR-548b/FoxM1 axis regulates the development of GBM and highlights potentially novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenlong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Xue Guan
- Animal Laboratory Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hanguang Jing
- Breast Surgery, Lin Yi Famous Doctor Studio, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Hua Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Jinsheng Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Siqi Ai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Yingjie Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Tianqi Su
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Guiyin Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Tianjiao Fu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Shouli Guo
- Animal Experiment Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Peng Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
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57
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Yuan C, Zhao X, Wangmo D, Alshareef D, Gates TJ, Subramanian S. Tumor models to assess immune response and tumor-microbiome interactions in colorectal cancer. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 231:107981. [PMID: 34480964 PMCID: PMC8844062 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite significant advances over the past 2 decades in preventive screening and therapy aimed at improving patient survival, colorectal cancer (CRC) remains the second most common cause of cancer death in the United States. The average 5-year survival rate of CRC patients with positive regional lymph nodes is only 40%, while less than 5% of patients with distant metastases survive beyond 5 years. There is a critical need to develop novel therapies that can improve overall survival in patients with poor prognoses, particularly since 60% of them are diagnosed at an advanced stage. Pertinently, immune checkpoint blockade therapy has dramatically changed how we treat CRC patients with microsatellite-instable high tumors. Furthermore, accumulating evidence shows that changes in gut microbiota are associated with the regulation of host antitumor immune response and cancer progression. Appropriate animal models are essential to deciphering the complex mechanisms of host antitumor immune response and tumor-gut microbiome metabolic interactions. Here, we discuss various mouse models of colorectal cancer that are developed to address key questions on tumor immune response and tumor-microbiota interactions. These CRC models will also serve as resourceful tools for effective preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ce Yuan
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America
| | - Xianda Zhao
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America
| | - Dechen Wangmo
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America; Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America
| | - Duha Alshareef
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America
| | - Travis J Gates
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America; Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America
| | - Subbaya Subramanian
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America; Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America.
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58
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Yee C, Dickson KA, Muntasir MN, Ma Y, Marsh DJ. Three-Dimensional Modelling of Ovarian Cancer: From Cell Lines to Organoids for Discovery and Personalized Medicine. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:836984. [PMID: 35223797 PMCID: PMC8866972 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.836984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer has the highest mortality of all of the gynecological malignancies. There are several distinct histotypes of this malignancy characterized by specific molecular events and clinical behavior. These histotypes have differing responses to platinum-based drugs that have been the mainstay of therapy for ovarian cancer for decades. For histotypes that initially respond to a chemotherapeutic regime of carboplatin and paclitaxel such as high-grade serous ovarian cancer, the development of chemoresistance is common and underpins incurable disease. Recent discoveries have led to the clinical use of PARP (poly ADP ribose polymerase) inhibitors for ovarian cancers defective in homologous recombination repair, as well as the anti-angiogenic bevacizumab. While predictive molecular testing involving identification of a genomic scar and/or the presence of germline or somatic BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation are in clinical use to inform the likely success of a PARP inhibitor, no similar tests are available to identify women likely to respond to bevacizumab. Functional tests to predict patient response to any drug are, in fact, essentially absent from clinical care. New drugs are needed to treat ovarian cancer. In this review, we discuss applications to address the currently unmet need of developing physiologically relevant in vitro and ex vivo models of ovarian cancer for fundamental discovery science, and personalized medicine approaches. Traditional two-dimensional (2D) in vitro cell culture of ovarian cancer lacks critical cell-to-cell interactions afforded by culture in three-dimensions. Additionally, modelling interactions with the tumor microenvironment, including the surface of organs in the peritoneal cavity that support metastatic growth of ovarian cancer, will improve the power of these models. Being able to reliably grow primary tumoroid cultures of ovarian cancer will improve the ability to recapitulate tumor heterogeneity. Three-dimensional (3D) modelling systems, from cell lines to organoid or tumoroid cultures, represent enhanced starting points from which improved translational outcomes for women with ovarian cancer will emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Yee
- Translational Oncology Group, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Kristie-Ann Dickson
- Translational Oncology Group, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Mohammed N. Muntasir
- Translational Oncology Group, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Yue Ma
- Translational Oncology Group, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Deborah J. Marsh
- Translational Oncology Group, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
- Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
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Liu F, Yang H, Zhang X, Sun X, Zhou J, Li Y, Liu Y, Zhuang Z, Wang G. Inhibition of Musashi-1 enhances chemotherapeutic sensitivity in gastric cancer patient-derived xenografts. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2022; 247:868-879. [PMID: 35135374 DOI: 10.1177/15353702221076793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Musashi-1 (MSI1), a neural RNA-binding protein, is considered a gastric and intestinal stem cell marker. Although the function of MSI1 in gastric cancer has attracted increasing interest, it is not known whether MSI1 can be used as a biomarker to monitor gastric cancer development and response to treatment. Here, the role of MSI1 in the chemotherapeutic sensitivity of gastric cancer was investigated. Patients with high MSI1 levels had poor outcomes, implicating the gene in the development and progression of the disease. We overexpressed and silenced MSI1 in the human gastric cancer cell lines MKN45 and HGC27, finding that knockdown reduced proliferation, invasion, and migration, while promoting apoptosis. A patient-derived xenograft gastric cancer model was constructed in which mice received chemical drugs, si-MSI1, or a drug-si-MSI1 combination. It was found that blocking MSI1 expression reduced gastric cancer drug tolerance. The combination treatment with si-MSI1 was superior to 5F-dUMP and cisplatin, either separately or in combination, indicating that including si-MSI1 was better than drug therapy alone. Transcriptome sequencing analysis showed that MSI1 altered cell cycle regulation and growth signal transduction, including that of blood vessel epicardial substance (BVES). These results suggest that MSI1 reduces the tolerance of gastric cancer to chemical drugs through modulation of MSI1/BVES signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China.,Department of Physiology and Hypoxic Biomedicine, Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China.,Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Department of Physiology and Hypoxic Biomedicine, Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Hypoxic Biomedicine, Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Xianglin Sun
- Department of Physiology and Hypoxic Biomedicine, Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Jiamin Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Hypoxic Biomedicine, Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yifei Liu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Zhixiang Zhuang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Guohua Wang
- Department of Physiology and Hypoxic Biomedicine, Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
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Shin HY, Lee EJ, Yang W, Kim HS, Chung D, Cho H, Kim JH. Identification of Prognostic Markers of Gynecologic Cancers Utilizing Patient-Derived Xenograft Mouse Models. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030829. [PMID: 35159096 PMCID: PMC8834149 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) are important in vivo models for the development of precision medicine. However, challenges exist regarding genetic alterations and relapse after primary treatment. Thus, PDX models are required as a new approach for preclinical and clinical studies. We established PDX models of gynecologic cancers and analyzed their clinical information. We subcutaneously transplanted 207 tumor tissues from patients with gynecologic cancer into nude mice from 2014 to 2019. The successful engraftment rate of ovarian, cervical, and uterine cancer was 47%, 64%, and 56%, respectively. The subsequent passages (P2 and P3) showed higher success and faster growth rates than the first passage (P1). Using gynecologic cancer PDX models, the tumor grade is a common clinical factor affecting PDX establishment. We found that the PDX success rate correlated with the patient’s prognosis, and also that ovarian cancer patients with a poor prognosis had a faster PDX growth rate (p < 0.0001). Next, the gene sets associated with inflammation and immune responses were shown in high-ranking successful PDX engraftment through gene set enrichment analysis and RNA sequencing. Up-regulated genes in successful engraftment were found to correlate with ovarian clear cell cancer patient outcomes via Gene Expression Omnibus dataset analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Yeon Shin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Korea; (H.-Y.S.); (E.-j.L.); (H.S.K.); (D.C.); (H.C.)
| | - Eun-ju Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Korea; (H.-Y.S.); (E.-j.L.); (H.S.K.); (D.C.); (H.C.)
| | - Wookyeom Yang
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea;
| | - Hyo Sun Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Korea; (H.-Y.S.); (E.-j.L.); (H.S.K.); (D.C.); (H.C.)
| | - Dawn Chung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Korea; (H.-Y.S.); (E.-j.L.); (H.S.K.); (D.C.); (H.C.)
| | - Hanbyoul Cho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Korea; (H.-Y.S.); (E.-j.L.); (H.S.K.); (D.C.); (H.C.)
| | - Jae-Hoon Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Korea; (H.-Y.S.); (E.-j.L.); (H.S.K.); (D.C.); (H.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-02-2019-3430
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TIMP-2 regulates 5-Fu resistance via the ERK/MAPK signaling pathway in colorectal cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:297-315. [PMID: 35022331 PMCID: PMC8791226 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-Fu) is the first-line chemotherapeutic option for colorectal cancer. However, its efficacy is inhibited by drug resistance. Cytokines play an important role in tumor drug resistance, even though their mechanisms are largely unknown. Using a cytokine array, we established that tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase 2 (TIMP-2) is highly expressed in 5-Fu resistant colorectal cancer patients. Analysis of samples from 84 patients showed that elevated TIMP-2 expression levels in colorectal patients were correlated with poor prognostic outcomes. In a 5-Fu-resistant patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model, TIMP-2 was also found to be highly expressed. We established an autocrine mechanism through which elevated TIMP-2 protein levels sustained colorectal cancer cell resistance to 5-Fu by constitutively activating the ERK/MAPK signaling pathway. Inhibition of TIMP-2 using an anti-TIMP-2 antibody or ERK/MAPK inhibition by U0126 suppressed TIMP-2 mediated 5-Fu-resistance in CRC patients. In conclusion, a novel TIMP-2-ERK/MAPK mediated 5-Fu resistance mechanism is involved in colorectal cancer. Therefore, targeting TIMP-2 or ERK/MAPK may provide a new strategy to overcome 5-Fu resistance in colorectal cancer chemotherapy.
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Sun M, Huang K, Luo X, Li H. Templated Three-Dimensional Engineered Bone Matrix as a Model for Breast Cancer Osteolytic Bone Metastasis Process. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 16:8391-8403. [PMID: 35002234 PMCID: PMC8727640 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s338609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Bone metastasis is one of the common causes of death relative to breast cancer. However, the evolvement of bone niche in cancer progression remains poorly understood. A three-dimensional (3D) engineered bone matrix was developed as an effective biomimetic model to explore the mechanism relative to bone cancer metastasis. Methods In the study, a 3D engineered bone matrix was developed via cell biomineralization templated by a biomimetic collagen template. The process of bone metastasis relative to breast cancer was investigated by co-culturing breast cancer MDA-MB-231-GFP cells with pre-osteogenic MC3T3-E1 cells on the 3D bone matrix. Results A typical bone matrix was obtained, where mineralized collagen fibers were packed into the bundle to form a 3D engineered bone matrix. As the cancer cells were invading along the way vertical to the alignment of mineralized collagen fiber, the bone matrix gradually became thinner, accompanied with the erosion of Col I and the loss of calcium and phosphorus. As a result, the disassembled structure of mineralized collagen fiber was observed, which may be attributed to osteolytic bone metastasis. Conclusion An engineered 3D bone-like matrix was successfully prepared via cell mineralization, which can act as a model for bone metastasis process. The study revealed mineralized collagen fiber disassembled at nanoscale relative to breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manman Sun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueshi Luo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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63
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CDK15 promotes colorectal cancer progression via phosphorylating PAK4 and regulating β-catenin/ MEK-ERK signaling pathway. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:14-27. [PMID: 34262144 PMCID: PMC8738751 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00828-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths. However, there are few effective therapeutic targets for CRC patients. Here, we found that CDK15 was highly expressed in human CRC and negatively correlated with patient prognosis and overall survival in tissue microarray. Knockdown of CDK15 suppressed cell proliferation and anchorage-independent growth of CRC cells and inhibited tumor growth in cell line-derived xenograft (CDX) model. Importantly, knockout of CDK15 in mice retarded AOM/DSS-induced tumorigenesis and CDK15 silencing by lentivirus significantly suppressed tumor progression in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model. Mechanistically, CDK15 could bind PAK4 and phosphorylate PAK4 at S291 site. Phosphorylation of PAK4 at the S291 residue promoted cell proliferation and anchorage-independent growth through β-catenin/c-Myc, MEK/ERK signaling pathway in CRC. Moreover, inhibition of PAK4 reversed the tumorigenic function of CDK15 in CRC cells and pharmacological targeting PAK4 suppressed tumor growth in PDX models. Thus, our data reveal the pivotal role of CDK15 in CRC progression and demonstrate CDK15 promotes CRC tumorigenesis by phosphorylating PAK4. Hence, the CDK15-PAK4 axis may serve as a novel therapeutic target for CRC.
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64
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Hui L, Wang D, Liu Z, Zhao Y, Ji Z, Zhang M, Zhu HH, Luo W, Cheng X, Gui L, Gao W. The Cell-Isolation Capsules with Rod-Like Channels Ensure the Survival and Response of Cancer Cells to Their Microenvironment. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2101723. [PMID: 34699694 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Current macrocapsules with semipermeable but immunoprotective polymeric membranes are attractive devices to achieve the purpose of immunoisolation, however, their ability to allow diffusion of essential nutrients and oxygen is limited, which leads to a low survival rate of encapsulated cells. Here, a novel method is reported by taking advantage of thermotropic liquid crystals, sodium laurylsulfonate (SDS) liquid crystals (LCs), and rod-like crystal fragments (LCFs) to develop engineered alginate hydrogels with rod-like channels. This cell-isolation capsule with an engineered alginate hydrogel-wall allows small molecules, large molecules, and bacteria to diffuse out from the capsules freely but immobilizes the encapsulated cells inside and prevents cells in the microenvironment from moving in. The encapsulated cells show a high survival rate with isolation of host immune cells and long-term growth with adequate nutrients and oxygen supply. In addition, by sharing and responding to the normal molecular and vesicular microenvironment (NMV microenvironment), encapsulated cancer cells display a transition from tumorous phenotypes to ductal features of normal epithelial cells. Thus, this device will be potentially useful for clinical application in cell therapy by secreting molecules and for establishment of patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models that are often difficult to achieve for certain types of tumors, such as prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Hui
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes Renji‐Med‐X Stem Cell Research Center Ren Ji Hospital School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200127 China
- Med‐X Research Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200030 China
| | - Deng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes Renji‐Med‐X Stem Cell Research Center Ren Ji Hospital School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200127 China
- Med‐X Research Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200030 China
| | - Zhao Liu
- Ping An Life Insurance of China, Ltd Shanghai 200120 China
| | - Yueqi Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310016 China
| | - Zhongzhong Ji
- Shanghai Cancer Institute Renji Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200017 China
| | - Man Zhang
- Med‐X Research Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200030 China
| | - Helen He Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes Renji‐Med‐X Stem Cell Research Center Department of Urology Ren Ji Hospital School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200127 China
| | - Wenqing Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes Renji‐Med‐X Stem Cell Research Center Ren Ji Hospital School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200127 China
| | - Xiaomu Cheng
- Med‐X Research Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200030 China
| | - Liming Gui
- Med‐X Research Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200030 China
| | - Wei‐Qiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes Renji‐Med‐X Stem Cell Research Center Ren Ji Hospital School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200127 China
- Med‐X Research Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200030 China
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Zou C, El Dika I, Vercauteren KOA, Capanu M, Chou J, Shia J, Pilet J, Quirk C, Lalazar G, Andrus L, Kabbani M, Yaqubie A, Khalil D, Mergoub T, Chiriboga L, Rice CM, Abou‐Alfa GK, de Jong YP. Mouse characteristics that affect establishing xenografts from hepatocellular carcinoma patient biopsies in the United States. Cancer Med 2021; 11:602-617. [PMID: 34951132 PMCID: PMC8817074 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chenhui Zou
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Weill Medical College at Cornell University New York New York USA
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease The Rockefeller University New York New York USA
| | - Imane El Dika
- Department of Medicine Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York New York USA
- Department of Medicine Weill Medical College at Cornell University New York New York USA
| | - Koen O. A. Vercauteren
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease The Rockefeller University New York New York USA
| | - Marinela Capanu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York New York USA
| | - Joanne Chou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York New York USA
| | - Jinru Shia
- Department of Pathology Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York New York USA
| | - Jill Pilet
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease The Rockefeller University New York New York USA
| | - Corrine Quirk
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease The Rockefeller University New York New York USA
| | - Gadi Lalazar
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Weill Medical College at Cornell University New York New York USA
- Laboratory of Cellular Biophysics The Rockefeller University New York New York USA
| | - Linda Andrus
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease The Rockefeller University New York New York USA
| | - Mohammad Kabbani
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease The Rockefeller University New York New York USA
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany
| | - Amin Yaqubie
- Department of Medicine Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York New York USA
| | - Danny Khalil
- Department of Medicine Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York New York USA
- Department of Medicine Weill Medical College at Cornell University New York New York USA
| | - Taha Mergoub
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center Sloan Kettering Institute New York New York USA
| | - Luis Chiriboga
- Department of Pathology Center for Biospecimen Research and Development NYU Langone Health New York New York USA
| | - Charles M. Rice
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease The Rockefeller University New York New York USA
| | - Ghassan K. Abou‐Alfa
- Department of Medicine Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York New York USA
- Department of Medicine Weill Medical College at Cornell University New York New York USA
| | - Ype P. de Jong
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Weill Medical College at Cornell University New York New York USA
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease The Rockefeller University New York New York USA
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66
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Suto H, Funakoshi Y, Nagatani Y, Imamura Y, Toyoda M, Kiyota N, Matsumoto H, Tanaka S, Takai R, Hasegawa H, Yamashita K, Matsuda T, Kakeji Y, Minami H. Microsatellite instability-high colorectal cancer patient-derived xenograft models for cancer immunity research. J Cancer Res Ther 2021; 17:1358-1369. [PMID: 34916366 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_1092_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Context There is an increasing demand for appropriate preclinical mice models for evaluating the efficacy of cancer immunotherapies. Aims Therefore, we established a humanized patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model using microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues and patient-derived peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Subjects and Methods The CRC tissues of patients scheduled for surgery were tested for MSI status, and CRC tumors were transplanted into NOD/LtSz-scid/IL-2Rg-/-(NSG) mice to establish MSI-H PDX models. PDX tumors were compared to the original patient tumors in terms of histological and genetic characteristics. To humanize the immune system of MSI-H PDX models, patient PBMCs were injected through the tail vein. Results PDX models were established from two patients with MSI-H CRC; one patient had a germline mutation in MLH1 (c.1990-2A > G), and the other patient had MLH1 promoter hypermethylation. PDX with the germline mutation was histologically similar to the patient tumor, and retained the genetic characteristics, including MSI-H, deficient mismatch repair (dMMR), and MLH1 mutation. In contrast, the histological features of the other PDX from a tumor with MLH1 promoter hypermethylation were clearly different from those of the original tumor, and MLH1 promoter hypermethylation and MSI-H/dMMR were lost in the PDX. When T cells from the same patient with MLH1 mutation were injected into the PDX through the tail vein, they were detected in the PDX tumor. Conclusions The MSI-H tumor with an MMR mutation is suitable for MSI-H PDX model generation. The PBMC humanized MSI-H PDX has the potential to be used as an efficient model for cancer immunotherapy research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Suto
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Kobe University Hospital and Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yohei Funakoshi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Kobe University Hospital and Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Nagatani
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Kobe University Hospital and Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Imamura
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Kobe University Hospital and Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masanori Toyoda
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Kobe University Hospital and Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Naomi Kiyota
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Kobe University Hospital and Graduate School of Medicine; Cancer Center, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hisayuki Matsumoto
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shinwa Tanaka
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Kobe University Hospital and Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ryo Takai
- Department of Surgery, Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kobe University Hospital and Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hasegawa
- Department of Surgery, Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kobe University Hospital and Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kimihiro Yamashita
- Department of Surgery, Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kobe University Hospital and Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takeru Matsuda
- Department of Surgery, Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kobe University Hospital and Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kakeji
- Department of Surgery, Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kobe University Hospital and Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hironobu Minami
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Kobe University Hospital and Graduate School of Medicine; Cancer Center, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Japan
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67
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Jo H, Yagishita S, Hayashi Y, Ryu S, Suzuki M, Kohsaka S, Ueno T, Matsumoto Y, Horinouchi H, Ohe Y, Watanabe SI, Motoi N, Yatabe Y, Mano H, Takahashi K, Hamada A. Comparative study on the efficacy and exposure of molecular target agents in non-small cell lung cancer PDX models with driver genetic alterations. Mol Cancer Ther 2021; 21:359-370. [PMID: 34911818 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-21-0371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) can adequately reflect clinical drug efficacy. However, the methods for evaluating drug efficacy are not fully established. We selected five non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) PDXs with genetic alterations from established PDXs and the corresponding molecular targeted therapy was administered orally for 21 consecutive days. Genetic analysis, measurement of drug concentrations in blood and tumors using liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry, and analysis of drug distribution in tumors using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry were performed. Fifteen (20%) PDXs were established using samples collected from 76 NSCLC patients with genetic alterations. The genetic alterations observed in original patients were largely maintained in PDXs. We compared the drug efficacy in original patients and PDX models; the efficacies against certain PDXs correlated with the clinical effects, while those against the others did not. We determined blood and intratumor concentrations in the PDX model, but both concentrations were low, and no evident correlation with the drug efficacy could be observed. The intratumoral spatial distribution of the drugs was both homogeneous and heterogeneous for each drug, and the distribution was independent of the expression of the target protein. The evaluation of drug efficacy in PDXs enabled partial reproduction of the therapeutic effect in original patients. A more detailed analysis of systemic and intratumoral pharmacokinetics may help clarify the mode of action of drugs. Further development of evaluation methods and indices to improve the prediction accuracy of clinical efficacy is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Jo
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology, National Cancer Center Research Institute
| | - Shigehiro Yagishita
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology, National Cancer Center Research Institute
| | - Yoshiharu Hayashi
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology, National Cancer Center Research Institute
| | - Shoraku Ryu
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology, National Cancer Center Research Institute
| | - Mikiko Suzuki
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology, National Cancer Center Research Institute
| | - Shinji Kohsaka
- Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute
| | - Toshihide Ueno
- Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute
| | | | | | - Yuichiro Ohe
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital
| | | | - Noriko Motoi
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital
| | - Yasushi Yatabe
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital
| | | | | | - Akinobu Hamada
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology, National Cancer Center Research Institute
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68
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Atat OE, Farzaneh Z, Pourhamzeh M, Taki F, Abi-Habib R, Vosough M, El-Sibai M. 3D modeling in cancer studies. Hum Cell 2021; 35:23-36. [PMID: 34761350 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-021-00642-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment contributes significantly to tumor initiation, progression, and resistance to chemotherapy. Much of our understanding of the tumor and its microenvironment is developed using various methods of cell culture. Throughout the last two decades, research has increasingly shown that 3D cell culture systems can remarkably recapitulate the complexity of tumor architecture and physiology compared to traditional 2D models. Unlike the flat culture system, these novel models enabled more cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions. By mimicking in vivo microenvironment, 3D culture systems promise to become accurate tools ready to be used in diagnosis, drug screening, and personalized medicine. In this review, we discussed the importance of 3D culture in simulating the tumor microenvironment and focused on the effects of cancer cell-microenvironment interactions on cancer behavior, resistance, proliferation, and metastasis. Finally, we assessed the role of 3D cell culture systems in the contexts of drug screening. 2D culture system is used to study cancer cell growth, progression, behavior, and drug response. It provides contact between cells and supports paracrine crosstalk between host cells and cancer cells. However, this system fails to simulate the architecture and the physiological aspects of in vivo tumor microenvironment due to the absence of cell-cell/ cell-ECM interactions as well as unlimited access to O2 and nutrients, and the absence of tumor heterogeneity. Recently advanced research has led researchers to generate 3D culture system that can better recapitulate the in vivo environment by providing hypoxic medium, facilitating cell-cell and cell-ECM, interactions, and recapitulating heterogeneity of the tumor. Several approaches are used to maintain and expand cancer cells in 3D culture systems such as tumor spheroids (cell aggregate that mimics the in vivo growth of tumor cells), scaffold-based approaches, bioreactors, microfluidic derives, and organoids. 3D systems are currently used for disease modeling and pre-clinical drug testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oula El Atat
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Zahra Farzaneh
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Pourhamzeh
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Division of Neuroscience, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatima Taki
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ralph Abi-Habib
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mirvat El-Sibai
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon.
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Singh M, Dahal A, Brastianos PK. Preclinical Solid Tumor Models to Study Novel Therapeutics in Brain Metastases. Curr Protoc 2021; 1:e284. [PMID: 34762346 PMCID: PMC8597918 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Metastases are the most common malignancy of the adult central nervous system and are becoming an increasingly troubling problem in oncology largely due to the lack of successful therapeutic options. The limited selection of treatments is a result of the currently poor understanding of the biological mechanisms of metastatic development, which in turn is difficult to achieve because of limited preclinical models that can accurately represent the clinical progression of metastasis. Described in this article are in vitro and in vivo model systems that are used to enhance the understanding of metastasis and to identify new therapies for the treatment of brain metastasis. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohini Singh
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ashish Dahal
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Lee K, Oh HJ, Kang MS, Kim S, Ahn S, Kim MJ, Kim SW, Chang S. Metagenomic analysis of gut microbiome reveals a dynamic change in Alistipes onderdonkii in the preclinical model of pancreatic cancer, suppressing its proliferation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:8343-8358. [PMID: 34648062 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11617-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a lethal cancer with aggressive and invasive characteristics. By the time it is diagnosed, patients already have tumors extended to other organs and show extremely low survival rates. The gut microbiome is known to be associated with many diseases and its imbalance affects the pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer. In this study, we established an orthotopic, patient-derived xenograft model to identify how the gut microbiome is linked to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Using the 16S rDNA metagenomic sequencing, we revealed that the levels of Alistipes onderdonkii and Roseburia hominis decreased in the gut microbiome of the PDAC model. To explore the crosstalk between the two bacteria and PDAC cells, we collected the supernatant of the bacteria or cancer cell culture medium and treated it in a cross manner. While the cancer cell medium did not affect bacterial growth, we observed that the A. onderdonkii medium suppressed the growth of the pancreatic primary cancer cells. Using the bromodeoxyuridine/7-amino-actinomycin D (BrdU/7-AAD) staining assay, we confirmed that the A. onderdonkii medium inhibited the proliferation of the pancreatic primary cancer cells. Furthermore, RNA-seq analysis revealed that the A. onderdonkii medium induced unique transcriptomic alterations in the PDAC cells, compared to the normal pancreatic cells. Altogether, our data suggest that the reduction in the A. onderdonkii in the gut microbiome provides a proliferation advantage to the pancreatic cancer cells. KEY POINTS: • Metagenome analysis of pancreatic cancer model reveals A. onderdonkii downregulation. • A. onderdonkii culture supernatant suppressed the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells. • RNA seq data reveals typical gene expression changes induced by A. onderdonkii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kihak Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jae Oh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Su Kang
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sinae Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Sehee Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Ji Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Won Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Suhwan Chang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Physiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.
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71
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Song J, Choi H, Koh SK, Park D, Yu J, Kang H, Kim Y, Cho D, Jeon NL. High-Throughput 3D In Vitro Tumor Vasculature Model for Real-Time Monitoring of Immune Cell Infiltration and Cytotoxicity. Front Immunol 2021; 12:733317. [PMID: 34630415 PMCID: PMC8500473 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.733317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in anticancer therapy have shown dramatic improvements in clinical outcomes, and adoptive cell therapy has emerged as a type of immunotherapy that can modulate immune responses by transferring engineered immune cells. However, a small percentage of responders and their toxicity remain as challenges. Three-dimensional (3D) in vitro models of the tumor microenvironment (TME) have the potential to provide a platform for assessing and predicting responses to therapy. This paper describes an in vitro 3D tumor model that incorporates clusters of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells around perfusable vascular networks to validate immune-cell-mediated cytotoxicity against cancer cells. The platform is based on an injection-molded 3D co-culture model and composed of 28 microwells where separate identical vascularized cancer models can be formed. It allows robust hydrogel patterning for 3D culture that enables high-throughput experimentation. The uniformity of the devices resulted in reproducible experiments that allowed 10× more experiments to be performed when compared to conventional polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based microfluidic devices. To demonstrate its capability, primary natural killer (NK) cells were introduced into the vascularized tumor network, and their activities were monitored using live-cell imaging. Extravasation, migration, and cytotoxic activity against six types of CRC cell lines were tested and compared. The consensus molecular subtypes (CMS) of CRC with distinct immune responses resulted in the highest NK cell cytotoxicity against CMS1 cancer cells. These results show the potential of our vascularized tumor model for understanding various steps involved in the immune response for the assessment of adoptive cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoung Song
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeri Choi
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Kwon Koh
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dohyun Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - James Yu
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Habin Kang
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Youngtaek Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Duck Cho
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Noo Li Jeon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Advanced Machines and Design (SNU-IAMD), Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Maharjan CK, Ear PH, Tran CG, Howe JR, Chandrasekharan C, Quelle DE. Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5117. [PMID: 34680266 PMCID: PMC8533967 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs) are unique, slow-growing malignancies whose molecular pathogenesis is incompletely understood. With rising incidence of pNETs over the last four decades, larger and more comprehensive 'omic' analyses of patient tumors have led to a clearer picture of the pNET genomic landscape and transcriptional profiles for both primary and metastatic lesions. In pNET patients with advanced disease, those insights have guided the use of targeted therapies that inhibit activated mTOR and receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) pathways or stimulate somatostatin receptor signaling. Such treatments have significantly benefited patients, but intrinsic or acquired drug resistance in the tumors remains a major problem that leaves few to no effective treatment options for advanced cases. This demands a better understanding of essential molecular and biological events underlying pNET growth, metastasis, and drug resistance. This review examines the known molecular alterations associated with pNET pathogenesis, identifying which changes may be drivers of the disease and, as such, relevant therapeutic targets. We also highlight areas that warrant further investigation at the biological level and discuss available model systems for pNET research. The paucity of pNET models has hampered research efforts over the years, although recently developed cell line, animal, patient-derived xenograft, and patient-derived organoid models have significantly expanded the available platforms for pNET investigations. Advancements in pNET research and understanding are expected to guide improved patient treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra K. Maharjan
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - Po Hien Ear
- Department of Surgery, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (P.H.E.); (C.G.T.); (J.R.H.)
| | - Catherine G. Tran
- Department of Surgery, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (P.H.E.); (C.G.T.); (J.R.H.)
| | - James R. Howe
- Department of Surgery, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (P.H.E.); (C.G.T.); (J.R.H.)
| | - Chandrikha Chandrasekharan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - Dawn E. Quelle
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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Kurth I, Yamaguchi N, Andreu-Agullo C, Tian HS, Sridhar S, Takeda S, Gonsalves FC, Loo JM, Barlas A, Manova-Todorova K, Busby R, Bendell JC, Strauss J, Fakih M, McRee AJ, Hendifar AE, Rosen LS, Cercek A, Wasserman R, Szarek M, Spector SL, Raza S, Tavazoie MF, Tavazoie SF. Therapeutic targeting of SLC6A8 creatine transporter suppresses colon cancer progression and modulates human creatine levels. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabi7511. [PMID: 34613776 PMCID: PMC8494442 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abi7511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer mortality. Creatine metabolism was previously shown to critically regulate colon cancer progression. We report that RGX-202, an oral small-molecule SLC6A8 transporter inhibitor, robustly inhibits creatine import in vitro and in vivo, reduces intracellular phosphocreatine and ATP levels, and induces tumor apoptosis. RGX-202 suppressed CRC growth across KRAS wild-type and KRAS mutant xenograft, syngeneic, and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tumors. Antitumor efficacy correlated with tumoral expression of creatine kinase B. Combining RGX-202 with 5-fluorouracil or the DHODH inhibitor leflunomide caused regressions of multiple colorectal xenograft and PDX tumors of distinct mutational backgrounds. RGX-202 also perturbed creatine metabolism in patients with metastatic CRC in a phase 1 trial, mirroring pharmacodynamic effects on creatine metabolism observed in mice. This is, to our knowledge, the first demonstration of preclinical and human pharmacodynamic activity for creatine metabolism targeting in oncology, thus revealing a critical therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Kurth
- Inspirna, Inc., 310 E. 67th St, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Norihiro Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Systems Cancer Biology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Helen S. Tian
- Laboratory of Systems Cancer Biology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jia Min Loo
- Laboratory of Systems Cancer Biology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Laboratory of Precision Oncology and Tumor Evolution, Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Afsar Barlas
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 275 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Robert Busby
- Inspirna, Inc., 310 E. 67th St, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Johanna C. Bendell
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute, 250 25th Ave N, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - James Strauss
- Mary Crowley Cancer Research, Building C, 7777 Forest Ln #707, Dallas, TX 75230, USA
| | - Marwan Fakih
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Autumn J. McRee
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 27599 Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Andrew E. Hendifar
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Lee S. Rosen
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | - Andrea Cercek
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 275 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Michael Szarek
- Inspirna, Inc., 310 E. 67th St, New York, NY 10065, USA
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13001 E 17th Pl, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University School of Public Health, 450 Clarkson Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | | | - Syed Raza
- Inspirna, Inc., 310 E. 67th St, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Sohail F. Tavazoie
- Laboratory of Systems Cancer Biology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Venkatasamy A, Guerin E, Blanchet A, Orvain C, Devignot V, Jung M, Jung AC, Chenard MP, Romain B, Gaiddon C, Mellitzer G. Ultrasound and Transcriptomics Identify a Differential Impact of Cisplatin and Histone Deacetylation on Tumor Structure and Microenvironment in a Patient-Derived In Vivo Model of Gastric Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1485. [PMID: 34575561 PMCID: PMC8467189 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The reasons behind the poor efficacy of transition metal-based chemotherapies (e.g., cisplatin) or targeted therapies (e.g., histone deacetylase inhibitors, HDACi) on gastric cancer (GC) remain elusive and recent studies suggested that the tumor microenvironment could contribute to the resistance. Hence, our objective was to gain information on the impact of cisplatin and the pan-HDACi SAHA (suberanilohydroxamic acid) on the tumor substructure and microenvironment of GC, by establishing patient-derived xenografts of GC and a combination of ultrasound, immunohistochemistry, and transcriptomics to analyze. The tumors responded partially to SAHA and cisplatin. An ultrasound gave more accurate tumor measures than a caliper. Importantly, an ultrasound allowed a noninvasive real-time access to the tumor substructure, showing differences between cisplatin and SAHA. These differences were confirmed by immunohistochemistry and transcriptomic analyses of the tumor microenvironment, identifying specific cell type signatures and transcription factor activation. For instance, cisplatin induced an "epithelial cell like" signature while SAHA favored a "mesenchymal cell like" one. Altogether, an ultrasound allowed a precise follow-up of the tumor progression while enabling a noninvasive real-time access to the tumor substructure. Combined with transcriptomics, our results underline the different intra-tumoral structural changes caused by both drugs that impact differently on the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aina Venkatasamy
- Streinth Lab (Stress Response and Innovative Therapies), Strasbourg University, Inserm UMR_S 1113 IRFAC (Interface Recherche Fondamental et Appliquée à la Cancérologie), 67200 Strasbourg, France; (A.V.); (E.G.); (A.B.); (C.O.); (V.D.); (A.C.J.); (B.R.)
- IHU-Strasbourg (Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire), 67091 Strasbourg, France
| | - Eric Guerin
- Streinth Lab (Stress Response and Innovative Therapies), Strasbourg University, Inserm UMR_S 1113 IRFAC (Interface Recherche Fondamental et Appliquée à la Cancérologie), 67200 Strasbourg, France; (A.V.); (E.G.); (A.B.); (C.O.); (V.D.); (A.C.J.); (B.R.)
| | - Anais Blanchet
- Streinth Lab (Stress Response and Innovative Therapies), Strasbourg University, Inserm UMR_S 1113 IRFAC (Interface Recherche Fondamental et Appliquée à la Cancérologie), 67200 Strasbourg, France; (A.V.); (E.G.); (A.B.); (C.O.); (V.D.); (A.C.J.); (B.R.)
| | - Christophe Orvain
- Streinth Lab (Stress Response and Innovative Therapies), Strasbourg University, Inserm UMR_S 1113 IRFAC (Interface Recherche Fondamental et Appliquée à la Cancérologie), 67200 Strasbourg, France; (A.V.); (E.G.); (A.B.); (C.O.); (V.D.); (A.C.J.); (B.R.)
| | - Véronique Devignot
- Streinth Lab (Stress Response and Innovative Therapies), Strasbourg University, Inserm UMR_S 1113 IRFAC (Interface Recherche Fondamental et Appliquée à la Cancérologie), 67200 Strasbourg, France; (A.V.); (E.G.); (A.B.); (C.O.); (V.D.); (A.C.J.); (B.R.)
| | | | - Alain C. Jung
- Streinth Lab (Stress Response and Innovative Therapies), Strasbourg University, Inserm UMR_S 1113 IRFAC (Interface Recherche Fondamental et Appliquée à la Cancérologie), 67200 Strasbourg, France; (A.V.); (E.G.); (A.B.); (C.O.); (V.D.); (A.C.J.); (B.R.)
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tumorale, ICANS, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Chenard
- Pathology Department, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France;
| | - Benoit Romain
- Streinth Lab (Stress Response and Innovative Therapies), Strasbourg University, Inserm UMR_S 1113 IRFAC (Interface Recherche Fondamental et Appliquée à la Cancérologie), 67200 Strasbourg, France; (A.V.); (E.G.); (A.B.); (C.O.); (V.D.); (A.C.J.); (B.R.)
- Digestive Surgery Department, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Christian Gaiddon
- Streinth Lab (Stress Response and Innovative Therapies), Strasbourg University, Inserm UMR_S 1113 IRFAC (Interface Recherche Fondamental et Appliquée à la Cancérologie), 67200 Strasbourg, France; (A.V.); (E.G.); (A.B.); (C.O.); (V.D.); (A.C.J.); (B.R.)
| | - Georg Mellitzer
- Streinth Lab (Stress Response and Innovative Therapies), Strasbourg University, Inserm UMR_S 1113 IRFAC (Interface Recherche Fondamental et Appliquée à la Cancérologie), 67200 Strasbourg, France; (A.V.); (E.G.); (A.B.); (C.O.); (V.D.); (A.C.J.); (B.R.)
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75
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Glenny EM, Coleman MF, Giles ED, Wellberg EA, Hursting SD. Designing Relevant Preclinical Rodent Models for Studying Links Between Nutrition, Obesity, Metabolism, and Cancer. Annu Rev Nutr 2021; 41:253-282. [PMID: 34357792 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-120420-032437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Diet and nutrition are intricately related to cancer prevention, growth, and treatment response. Preclinical rodent models are a cornerstone to biomedical research and remain instrumental in our understanding of the relationship between cancer and diet and in the development of effective therapeutics. However, the success rate of translating promising findings from the bench to the bedside is suboptimal. Well-designed rodent models will be crucial to improving the impact basic science has on clinical treatment options. This review discusses essential experimental factors to consider when designing a preclinical cancer model with an emphasis on incorporating these models into studies interrogating diet, nutrition, and metabolism. The aims of this review are to (a) provide insight into relevant considerations when designing cancer models for obesity, nutrition, and metabolism research; (b) identify common pitfalls when selecting a rodent model; and (c) discuss strengths and limitations of available preclinical models. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Nutrition, Volume 41 is September 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine M Glenny
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA;
| | - Michael F Coleman
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA;
| | - Erin D Giles
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Wellberg
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
| | - Stephen D Hursting
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA; .,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.,Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, USA
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76
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Establishment and characterization of an ovarian yolk sac tumor patient-derived xenograft model. Pediatr Surg Int 2021; 37:1031-1040. [PMID: 34031745 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-021-04895-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The lack of appropriate preclinical models of ovarian yolk sac tumor (OYST) is currently hindering the pursuit of new methods of treatment and investigation of the pathogenesis of the disease. We developed and characterized an OYST patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model in this study. METHODS Tumor fragments from a patient with an OYST were implanted subcutaneously into BALB/c Nude mice. Engrafted xenografts were compared with the original tumor according to histology, immunohistochemistry, humanized identified, and drug efficacy testing with in vivo treatment programs. RESULTS There was a high degree of histologic and immunohistochemical (IHC) resemblance between the established PDX model and its corresponding human tumors. Bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin (JEB) chemotherapy regimens were effective in clinical patients and were effective in the OYST PDX model; therefore, the effect of PDX intervention was consistent with clinical outcomes of OYSTs. CONCLUSION We have successfully established an OYST PDX model. This OYST model preserves the basic molecular features of the primary human tumor, thereby providing a valuable method to preclinically evaluate new treatments and explore disease pathogenesis.
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77
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Kim SY, Kim SM, Lim S, Lee JY, Choi SJ, Yang SD, Yun MR, Kim CG, Gu SR, Park C, Park AY, Lim SM, Heo SG, Kim H, Cho BC. Modeling Clinical Responses to Targeted Therapies by Patient-Derived Organoids of Advanced Lung Adenocarcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:4397-4409. [PMID: 34083237 PMCID: PMC9401503 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-5026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Patient-derived organoids (PDO) of lung cancer has been recently introduced, reflecting the genomic landscape of lung cancer. However, clinical relevance of advanced lung adenocarcinoma organoids remains unknown. Here, we examined the ability of PDOs to predict clinical responses to targeted therapies in individual patients and to identify effective anticancer therapies for novel molecular targets. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Eighty-four organoids were established from patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor specimens from corresponding patients were analyzed by whole-exome sequencing (n = 12). Organoids were analyzed by whole-exome sequencing (n = 61) and RNA sequencing (n = 55). Responses to mono or combination targeted therapies were examined in organoids and organoid-derived xenografts. RESULTS PDOs largely retained somatic alterations including driver mutations of matching patient tumors. PDOs were able to recapitulate progression-free survival and objective responses of patients with non-small cell lung cancer receiving clinically approved tyrosine kinase inhibitors. PDOs recapitulated activity of therapeutic strategies under clinical investigation. YUO-071 harboring an EGFR exon 19 deletion and a BRAF G464A mutation and the matching patient responded to dabrafenib/trametinib combination therapy. YUO-004 and YUO-050 harboring an EGFR L747P mutation was sensitive to afatinib, consistent with the response in the matching patient of YUO-050. Furthermore, we utilized organoids to identify effective therapies for novel molecular targets by demonstrating the efficacy of poziotinib against ERBB2 exon 20 insertions and pralsetinib against RET fusions. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated translational relevance of PDOs in advanced lung adenocarcinoma. PDOs are an important diagnostic tool, which can assist clinical decision making and accelerate development of therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Young Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Min Kim
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sumin Lim
- Interpark Bio Convergence Corp., Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Lee
- Interpark Bio Convergence Corp., Seoul, Korea
| | - Su-Jin Choi
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - San-Duk Yang
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi Ran Yun
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Gon Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seo Rin Gu
- Interpark Bio Convergence Corp., Seoul, Korea
| | - Chaewon Park
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - A-Young Park
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Min Lim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong Gu Heo
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - HyunKi Kim
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Byoung Chul Cho
- Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Seoul, Korea.
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Mc Larney B, Skubal M, Grimm J. A review of recent and emerging approaches for the clinical application of Cerenkov luminescence imaging. FRONTIERS IN PHYSICS 2021; 9:684196. [PMID: 36845872 PMCID: PMC9957555 DOI: 10.3389/fphy.2021.684196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cerenkov luminescence (CL) is a blue-weighted emission of light produced by a vast array of clinically approved radioisotopes and LINAC accelerators. When β particles (emitted during the decay of radioisotopes) are present in a medium such as water or tissue, they are able to travel faster than the speed of light in that medium and in doing so polarize the molecules around them. Once the particle has left the local area, the polarized molecules relax and return to their baseline state releasing the additional energy as light (luminescence). This blue glow has commonly been used to determine the output of nuclear power plant cores and, in recent years, has found traction in the preclinical and clinical imaging field. This brief review will discuss the technology which has enabled the emergence of the biomedical Cerenkov imaging field, recent pre-clinical studies with potential clinical translation of Cerenkov luminescence imaging (CLI) and the current clinical implementations of the method. Finally, an outlook is given as to the direction in which the field is heading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedict Mc Larney
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Magdalena Skubal
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jan Grimm
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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Le DT, Huynh TR, Burt B, Van Buren G, Abeynaike SA, Zalfa C, Nikzad R, Kheradmand F, Tyner JJ, Paust S. Natural killer cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes are required to clear solid tumor in a patient-derived xenograft. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e140116. [PMID: 34081628 PMCID: PMC8410059 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.140116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Existing patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse models of solid tumors lack a fully tumor donor-matched, syngeneic, and functional immune system. We developed a model that overcomes these limitations by engrafting lymphopenic recipient mice with a fresh, undisrupted piece of solid tumor, whereby tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) persisted in the recipient mice for several weeks. Successful tumor engraftment was achieved in 83% to 89% of TIL-PDX mice, and these were seen to harbor exhausted immuno-effector as well as functional immunoregulatory cells persisting for at least 6 months postengraftment. Combined treatment with interleukin-15 stimulation and immune checkpoint inhibition resulted in complete or partial tumor response in this model. Further, depletion of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and/or natural killer cells before combined immunotherapy revealed that both cell types were required for maximal tumor regression. Our TIL-PDX model provides a valuable resource for powerful mechanistic and therapeutic studies in solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duy Tri Le
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Tridu R Huynh
- Scripps Research Translational Institute, La Jolla, California, USA.,Division of Internal Medicine, Scripps Clinic/Scripps Green Hospital, La Jolla, California, USA.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Bryan Burt
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery and
| | - George Van Buren
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shawn A Abeynaike
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Cristina Zalfa
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Rana Nikzad
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Farrah Kheradmand
- Margaret M. and Albert B. Alkek Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - John J Tyner
- Division of Cardiovascular/Thoracic Surgery, Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Silke Paust
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
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Castillo‐Ecija H, Pascual‐Pasto G, Perez‐Jaume S, Resa‐Pares C, Vila‐Ubach M, Monterrubio C, Jimenez‐Cabaco A, Baulenas‐Farres M, Muñoz‐Aznar O, Salvador N, Cuadrado‐Vilanova M, Olaciregui NG, Balaguer‐Lluna L, Burgueño V, Vicario FJ, Manzanares A, Castañeda A, Santa‐Maria V, Cruz O, Celis V, Morales La Madrid A, Garraus M, Gorostegui M, Vancells M, Carrasco R, Krauel L, Torner F, Suñol M, Lavarino C, Mora J, Carcaboso AM. Prognostic value of patient-derived xenograft engraftment in pediatric sarcomas. J Pathol Clin Res 2021; 7:338-349. [PMID: 33837665 PMCID: PMC8185364 DOI: 10.1002/cjp2.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The goals of this work were to identify factors favoring patient-derived xenograft (PDX) engraftment and study the association between PDX engraftment and prognosis in pediatric patients with Ewing sarcoma, osteosarcoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma. We used immunodeficient mice to establish 30 subcutaneous PDX from patient tumor biopsies, with a successful engraftment rate of 44%. Age greater than 12 years and relapsed disease were patient factors associated with higher engraftment rate. Tumor type and biopsy location did not associate with engraftment. PDX models retained histology markers and most chromosomal aberrations of patient samples during successive passages in mice. Model treatment with irinotecan resulted in significant activity in 20 of the PDXs and replicated the response of rhabdomyosarcoma patients. Successive generations of PDXs responded similarly to irinotecan, demonstrating functional stability of these models. Importantly, out of 68 tumor samples from 51 patients with a median follow-up of 21.2 months, PDX engraftment from newly diagnosed patients was a prognostic factor significantly associated with poor outcome (p = 0.040). This association was not significant for relapsed patients. In the subgroup of patients with newly diagnosed Ewing sarcoma classified as standard risk, we found higher risk of relapse or refractory disease associated with those samples that produced stable PDX models (p = 0.0357). Overall, our study shows that PDX engraftment predicts worse outcome in newly diagnosed pediatric sarcoma patients.
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Heinrich MA, Mostafa AMRH, Morton JP, Hawinkels LJAC, Prakash J. Translating complexity and heterogeneity of pancreatic tumor: 3D in vitro to in vivo models. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 174:265-293. [PMID: 33895214 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an extremely aggressive type of cancer with an overall survival rate of less than 7-8%, emphasizing the need for novel effective therapeutics against PDAC. However only a fraction of therapeutics which seemed promising in the laboratory environment will eventually reach the clinic. One of the main reasons behind this low success rate is the complex tumor microenvironment (TME) of PDAC, a highly fibrotic and dense stroma surrounding tumor cells, which supports tumor progression as well as increases the resistance against the treatment. In particular, the growing understanding of the PDAC TME points out a different challenge in the development of efficient therapeutics - a lack of biologically relevant in vitro and in vivo models that resemble the complexity and heterogeneity of PDAC observed in patients. The purpose and scope of this review is to provide an overview of the recent developments in different in vitro and in vivo models, which aim to recapitulate the complexity of PDAC in a laboratory environment, as well to describe how 3D in vitro models can be integrated into drug development pipelines that are already including sophisticated in vivo models. Hereby a special focus will be given on the complexity of in vivo models and the challenges in vitro models face to reach the same levels of complexity in a controllable manner. First, a brief introduction of novel developments in two dimensional (2D) models and ex vivo models is provided. Next, recent developments in three dimensional (3D) in vitro models are described ranging from spheroids, organoids, scaffold models, bioprinted models to organ-on-chip models including a discussion on advantages and limitations for each model. Furthermore, we will provide a detailed overview on the current PDAC in vivo models including chemically-induced models, syngeneic and xenogeneic models, highlighting hetero- and orthotopic, patient-derived tissues (PDX) models, and genetically engineered mouse models. Finally, we will provide a discussion on overall limitations of both, in vitro and in vivo models, and discuss necessary steps to overcome these limitations to reach an efficient drug development pipeline, as well as discuss possibilities to include novel in silico models in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel A Heinrich
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, Section Targeted Therapeutics, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, 7500AE Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Ahmed M R H Mostafa
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, Section Targeted Therapeutics, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, 7500AE Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Jennifer P Morton
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Rd, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Rd, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Lukas J A C Hawinkels
- Department of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, PO-box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jai Prakash
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, Section Targeted Therapeutics, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, 7500AE Enschede, the Netherlands.
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82
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Miyabayashi K, Nakagawa H, Koike K. Molecular and Phenotypic Profiling for Precision Medicine in Pancreatic Cancer: Current Advances and Future Perspectives. Front Oncol 2021; 11:682872. [PMID: 34249730 PMCID: PMC8260689 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.682872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the most common lethal malignancy, with little improvement in patient outcomes over the decades. The development of early detection methods and effective therapeutic strategies are needed to improve the prognosis of patients with this disease. Recent advances in cancer genomics have revealed the genetic landscape of pancreatic cancer, and clinical trials are currently being conducted to match the treatment to underlying mutations. Liquid biopsy-based diagnosis is a promising method to start personalized treatment. In addition to genome-based medicine, personalized models have been studied as a tool to test candidate drugs to select the most efficacious treatment. The innovative three-dimensional organoid culture platform, as well as patient-derived xenografts can be used to conduct genomic and functional studies to enable personalized treatment approaches. Combining genome-based medicine with drug screening based on personalized models may fulfill the promise of precision medicine for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hayato Nakagawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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83
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Patient-Derived Xenografts from Solid Tumors (PDX) for Models of Metastasis. Methods Mol Biol 2021. [PMID: 33742393 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1350-4_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
In cancer research, availability of clinically relevant tumor models is still essential for drug testing, proof of concept studies, and also molecular analyses. To achieve this, models are of advantage, which more closely reflect heterogeneity of tumors. In this regard, patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models more closely recapitulate the native tumor biology, tissue composition, and molecular characteristics. Since metastasis is still the major challenge of tumor therapy, models are pivotal, which resemble this particular property. In this context, PDX model-derived metastasis is of particular interest for testing antimetastatic therapies for their efficacy to better target this systemic disease. This protocol describes the establishment of PDX models from tumor specimen and their applicability for PDX-derived metastasis at metastatic sites such as liver and lung, which are also clinically relevant for the systemic spread of cancer. Analysis of metastasis and methods for quantification of metastatic spread are provided.
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84
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Shi X, Zhang Y, Xie X, Pang M, Laster K, Li J, Ma X, Liu K, Dong Z, Kim DJ. Ipriflavone Suppresses Growth of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Through Inhibiting mTOR In Vitro and In Vivo. Front Oncol 2021; 11:648809. [PMID: 34178634 PMCID: PMC8222593 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.648809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ipriflavone, a synthetic isoflavone that inhibits osteoclastic bone resorption, has been used clinically for the treatment of osteoporosis. However, the anticancer activity of Ipriflavone and its molecular mechanisms in the context of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) have not been investigated. In this study, we report that Ipriflavone is a novel mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor that suppresses cell proliferation and induces cell apoptosis in ESCC cells. Ipriflavone inhibited anchorage-dependent and -independent growth of ESCC cells. Ipriflavone induced G1 phase cell cycle arrest and intrinsic cell apoptosis by activating caspase 3 and increasing the expression of cytochrome c. Based on the results of in vitro screening and cell-based assays, Ipriflavone inhibited mTOR signaling pathway through directly targeting mTOR. Knockdown of mTOR strongly inhibited the growth of ESCC cells, and the cell growth inhibitory effect exerted by Ipriflavone was found to be dependent upon mTOR signaling pathway. Remarkably, Ipriflavone strongly inhibited ESCC patient-derived xenograft tumor growth in an in vivo mouse model. Our findings suggest that Ipriflavone is an mTOR inhibitor that could be potentially useful for treating ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Shi
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaomeng Xie
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengjun Pang
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kyle Laster
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jian Li
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinli Ma
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kangdong Liu
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,The Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,The Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, China.,International Joint Research Center of Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zigang Dong
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,The Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,The Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, China.,International Joint Research Center of Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dong Joon Kim
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,The Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, China
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85
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Jia Z, Liang N, Li S. [Application of Organoids in Lung Cancer Precision Medicine]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2021; 23:615-620. [PMID: 32702796 PMCID: PMC7406434 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2020.101.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Precision medicine is an approach to rational treatment selection in the overall management of lung cancer nowadays. The introduction of the patient-derived organoid (PDO) model has established the "black-box" decision-making system from the perspective of in-vitro functional models. This may assist as a complement to the treatment selection strategy based on gene-drug correlation. Further validation must be done in multi-dimensional characteristics recapitulation of the primary tumor in organoids and in large-scale randomized controlled clinical trials. This article will give an introduction to the organoid model and review the application scenarios of organoids in the context of the precise treatment of existing lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Jia
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China.,Peking Union Medical College, Eight-year MD Program, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Naixin Liang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Shanqing Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
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86
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Na D, Moon HG. Patient-Derived Xenograft Models in Breast Cancer Research. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1187:283-301. [PMID: 33983584 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-32-9620-6_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model can be used as a platform to study the individual patient's sensitivity to targeted agents as well as its ability to guide our understanding in various aspects of tumor biology including the tumor's clonal evolution and interaction with microenvironment. In this chapter, we review the history of PDX models in various tumor types. Additionally, we highlight the key studies that suggested potential value of PDX models in cancer treatment. Specifically, we will briefly introduce several studies on the issue of PDX models for precision medicine. In latter part of this chapter, we focus on the studies that used PDX models to investigate the molecular biology of breast cancer that underlies the process of drug resistance and tumor metastasis. Also, we will address our own experience in developing PDX models using breast cancer tissues from Korean breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deukchae Na
- Institute of Convergence Medicine, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeong-Gon Moon
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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87
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Yan S, Yan J, Liu D, Li X, Kang Q, You W, Zhang J, Wang L, Tian Z, Lu W, Liu W, He W. A nano-predator of pathological MDMX construct by clearable supramolecular gold(I)-thiol-peptide complexes achieves safe and potent anti-tumor activity. Theranostics 2021; 11:6833-6846. [PMID: 34093856 PMCID: PMC8171083 DOI: 10.7150/thno.59020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
As alternatives to small-molecular proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTAC), peptide-based molecular glues (MG) are a broad range of dual-functional ligands that simultaneously bind with targetable proteins and E3 ligases by mimicking proteinprotein interaction (PPI) partners. Methods: Herein, we design a peptide-derived MG to target a tumor-driving protein, MDMX, for degradation, and nanoengineered it into a supramolecular gold(I)-thiol-peptide complex (Nano-MP) to implement the proteolysis recalcitrance, cellular internalization, and glutathione-triggered release. To optimize the tumor targeting, a pH-responsive macromolecule termed polyacryl sulfydryl imidazole (PSI) was synthesized to coat Nano-MP. Results: As expected, Nano-MP@PSI induced the MDMX degradation by ubiquitination and subsequently restored the anti-cancer function of p53 and p73. Nano-MP@PSI revealed potent anti-cancer activities in an orthotopic xenograft mouse model of retinoblastoma by intraocular injection and a patient-derived xenograft model of malignant pancreatic cancer by systemic injection, while maintaining a favorable safety profile and showing a highly favorable clearable profile of excretion from the living body. Conclusion: Collectively, this work not only provided a clinically viable paradigm for the treatment of a wide variety of tumors by multiple administration types, but, more importantly, it bridged the chasm between peptides and PROTACs, and likely reinvigorated the development of peptide-derived proteolysis-targeting chimeras for a great variety of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Yan
- Department of Talent Highland, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
- Ophthalmology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Jin Yan
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Talent Highland, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Xiang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qianyan Kang
- Ophthalmology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Weiming You
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Jinghua Zhang
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Zhiqi Tian
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, 45267 OH, USA
| | - Wuyuan Lu
- School of Basic Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 20433, China
| | - Wenjia Liu
- Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Wangxiao He
- Department of Talent Highland, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
- Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
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88
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Chen D, Tan Y, Li Z, Li W, Yu L, Chen W, Liu Y, Liu L, Guo L, Huang W, Zhao Y. Organoid Cultures Derived From Patients With Papillary Thyroid Cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:1410-1426. [PMID: 33524147 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) has been one of the most frequent endocrine malignancies around the world. Although most PTC patients have a favorable prognosis, a subgroup of patients die, especially when disease recurrence occurs. There is a pressing need for clinically relevant preclinical thyroid cancer models for personalized therapy because of the lack of in vitro models that faithfully represent the biology of the parental tumors. OBJECTIVE To understand thyroid cancer and translate this knowledge to clinical applications, patient-derived PTC organoids as a promising new preclinical model were established. METHODS Surgically resected PTC primary tissues were dissociated and processed for organoid derivation. Tumor organoids were subsequently subjected to histological characterization, DNA sequencing, drug screen, and cell proliferation assay, respectively. RESULTS We describe a 3-dimensional culture system for the long-term expansion of patient-derived PTC organoid lines. Notably, PTC organoids preserve the histopathological profiles and genomic heterogeneity of the originating tumors. Drug sensitivity assays of PTC organoids demonstrate patient-specific drug responses, and large correlations with the respective mutational profiles. Estradiol was shown to promote cell proliferation of PTC organoids in the presence of estrogen receptor α (ERα), regardless of the expression of ERβ and G protein-coupled ER. CONCLUSION These data suggest that these newly developed PTC-derived organoids may be an excellent preclinical model for studying clinical response to anticancer drugs in a personalized way, as well as provide a potential strategy to develop prevention and treatment options for thyroid cancer with ERα-specific antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Chen
- Institute of Shenzhen Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yawen Tan
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhichao Li
- Institute of Shenzhen Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wujiao Li
- Institute of Shenzhen Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Lei Yu
- Institute of Shenzhen Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Institute of Shenzhen Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuchen Liu
- Institute of Shenzhen Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Lisa Liu
- Institute of Shenzhen Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Liangfeng Guo
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Weiren Huang
- Institute of Shenzhen Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongsheng Zhao
- Institute of Shenzhen Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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89
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Lei X, Ou Z, Yang Z, Zhong J, Zhu Y, Tian J, Wu J, Deng H, Lin X, Peng Y, Li B, He L, Tu Z, Chen W, Li Q, Liu N, Zhang H, Wang Z, Fang Z, Yamada T, Lv X, Tian T, Pan G, Wu F, Xiao L, Zhang L, Cai T, Wang X, Tannous BA, Li J, Kontos F, Ferrone S, Fan S. A Pan-Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Enhances the Antitumor Activity of B7-H3-Specific CAR T Cells in Solid Tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:3757-3771. [PMID: 33811153 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-2487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The limited efficacy of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies with solid malignancies prompted us to test whether epigenetic therapy could enhance the antitumor activity of B7-H3.CAR T cells with several solid cancer types. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We evaluated B7-H3 expression in many human solid cancer and normal tissue samples. The efficacy of the combinatorial therapy with B7-H3.CAR T cells and the deacetylase inhibitor SAHA with several solid cancer types and the potential underlying mechanisms were characterized with in vitro and ex vivo experiments. RESULTS B7-H3 is expressed in most of the human solid tumor samples tested, but exhibits a restricted expression in normal tissues. B7-H3.CAR T cells selectively killed B7-H3 expressing human cancer cell lines in vitro. A low dose of SAHA upregulated B7-H3 expression in several types of solid cancer cells at the transcriptional level and B7-H3.CAR expression on human transgenic T-cell membrane. In contrast, the expression of immunosuppressive molecules, such as CTLA-4 and TET2, by T cells was downregulated upon SAHA treatment. A low dose of SAHA significantly enhanced the antitumor activity of B7-H3.CAR T cells with solid cancers in vitro and ex vivo, including orthotopic patient-derived xenograft and metastatic models treated with autologous CAR T-cell infusions. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that our novel strategy which combines SAHA and B7-H3.CAR T cells enhances their therapeutic efficacy with solid cancers and justify its translation to a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China.,State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Zhanpeng Ou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaohui Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianglong Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanliang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Tian
- Department of Ultrasound, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiannan Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Heran Deng
- Department of Breast Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Lin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Peng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bowen Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lile He
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Zhiming Tu
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Weixiong Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qunxing Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Niu Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanqing Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhangsong Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zezhen Fang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Teppei Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Fukuoka University Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Xiaobin Lv
- Nanchang Key Laboratory of Cancer Pathogenesis and Translational Research, Center Laboratory, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guokai Pan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liping Xiao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lizao Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinhui Wang
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bakhos A Tannous
- Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging Lab, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jinsong Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Filippos Kontos
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Soldano Ferrone
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Song Fan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China. .,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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90
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Takahashi N, Higa A, Hiyama G, Tamura H, Hoshi H, Dobashi Y, Katahira K, Ishihara H, Takagi K, Goda K, Okabe N, Muto S, Suzuki H, Shimomura K, Watanabe S, Takagi M. Construction of in vitro patient-derived tumor models to evaluate anticancer agents and cancer immunotherapy. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:406. [PMID: 33841567 PMCID: PMC8020396 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An in vitro assay system using patient-derived tumor models represents a promising preclinical cancer model that replicates the disease better than traditional cell culture models. Patient-derived tumor organoid (PDO) and patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDX) models have been previously established from different types of human tumors to recapitulate accurately and efficiently their tissue architecture and function. However, these models have low throughput and are challenging to construct. Thus, the present study aimed to establish a simple in vitro high-throughput assay system using PDO and PDX models. Furthermore, the current study aimed to evaluate different classes of anticancer drugs, including chemotherapeutic, molecular targeted and antibody drugs, using PDO and PDX models. First, an in vitro high-throughput assay system was constructed using PDO and PDX established from solid and hematopoietic tumors cultured in 384-well plates to evaluate anticancer agents. In addition, an in vitro evaluation system of the immune response was developed using PDO and PDX. Novel cancer immunotherapeutic agents with marked efficacy have been used against various types of tumor. Thus, there is an urgent need for in vitro functional potency assays that can simulate the complex interaction of immune cells with tumor cells and can rapidly test the efficacy of different immunotherapies or antibody drugs. An evaluation system for the antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxic activity of anti-epidermal growth factor receptor antibody and the cytotoxic activity of activated lymphocytes, such as cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells, was constructed. Moreover, immune response assay systems with bispecific T-cell engagers were developed using effector cells. The present results demonstrated that in vitro assay systems using PDO and PDX may be suitable for evaluating anticancer agents and immunotherapy potency with high reproducibility and simplicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiko Takahashi
- Medical-Industrial Translational Research Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan.,Department of Bioregulation and Pharmacological Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Arisa Higa
- Medical-Industrial Translational Research Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Gen Hiyama
- Medical-Industrial Translational Research Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Hirosumi Tamura
- Medical-Industrial Translational Research Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Hoshi
- Medical-Industrial Translational Research Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Yuu Dobashi
- Medical-Industrial Translational Research Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Kiyoaki Katahira
- Medical-Industrial Translational Research Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Hiroya Ishihara
- Research and Development, Department of Biological Evaluation Technology 2, Olympus Corporation, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-8512, Japan
| | - Kosuke Takagi
- Research and Development, Department of Technology Innovation 3, Olympus Corporation, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-8512, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Goda
- Research and Development, Department of Biological Evaluation Technology 2, Olympus Corporation, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-8512, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Okabe
- Department of Chest Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Satoshi Muto
- Department of Chest Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Suzuki
- Department of Chest Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Kenju Shimomura
- Department of Bioregulation and Pharmacological Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Shinya Watanabe
- Medical-Industrial Translational Research Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Motoki Takagi
- Medical-Industrial Translational Research Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
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91
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de Souza JC, Miguita L, Gomez RS, Gomes CC. Patient-derived xenograft models for the study of benign human neoplasms. Exp Mol Pathol 2021; 120:104630. [PMID: 33744281 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2021.104630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical models are a core feature of translational research, and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models have increasingly been used with such purpose. PDX involves the transplantation of fresh human tumor samples into immunodeficient mice to overcome immunologic rejection. It is a valuable tool for basic as well as preclinical research, contributing to the establishment of models to characterize the neoplasms to drug screening and to allow the identification of therapeutic targets. The use of these models is justified because they retain the histological and genomic features of the primary tumor. PDX models are well described for malignant neoplasms, for which the advantages are clear and include the development of drug treatments. The establishment of malignant tumors PDX is undeniably important from a medical perspective. However, few studies have used such models for benign neoplasms. The use of PDX for benign neoplasm studies can help to clarify the pathobiology of these diseases, as well as invasion and malignant transformation mechanisms, which from a biological perspective is equally important to the study of malignant tumors. Therefore, the aim of this study is to review the current methodology for PDX model generation and to cover its main applications, focusing on benign neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Cristina de Souza
- Department of Pathology, Biological Science Institute (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | - Lucyene Miguita
- Department of Pathology, Biological Science Institute (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | - Ricardo Santiago Gomez
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil..
| | - Carolina Cavaliéri Gomes
- Department of Pathology, Biological Science Institute (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
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92
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Investigating T Cell Immunity in Cancer: Achievements and Prospects. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062907. [PMID: 33809369 PMCID: PMC7999898 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells play a key role in tumour surveillance, both identifying and eliminating transformed cells. However, as tumours become established they form their own suppressive microenvironments capable of shutting down T cell function, and allowing tumours to persist and grow. To further understand the tumour microenvironment, including the interplay between different immune cells and their role in anti-tumour immune responses, a number of studies from mouse models to clinical trials have been performed. In this review, we examine mechanisms utilized by tumour cells to reduce their visibility to CD8+ Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), as well as therapeutic strategies trialled to overcome these tumour-evasion mechanisms. Next, we summarize recent advances in approaches to enhance CAR T cell activity and persistence over the past 10 years, including bispecific CAR T cell design and early evidence of efficacy. Lastly, we examine mechanisms of T cell infiltration and tumour regression, and discuss the strengths and weaknesses of different strategies to investigate T cell function in murine tumour models.
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93
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Validation of a multicellular tumor microenvironment system for modeling patient tumor biology and drug response. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5535. [PMID: 33692370 PMCID: PMC7946945 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84612-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer rates are rising globally and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has a five year survival rate of only 24%. Unfortunately, the development of drugs to treat cancer is severely hampered by the inefficiency of translating pre-clinical studies into clinical benefit. Thus, we sought to apply a tumor microenvironment system (TMES) to NSCLC. Using microvascular endothelial cells, lung cancer derived fibroblasts, and NSCLC tumor cells in the presence of in vivo tumor-derived hemodynamic flow and transport, we demonstrate that the TMES generates an in-vivo like biological state and predicts drug response to EGFR inhibitors. Transcriptomic and proteomic profiling indicate that the TMES recapitulates the in vivo and patient molecular biological state providing a mechanistic rationale for the predictive nature of the TMES. This work further validates the TMES for modeling patient tumor biology and drug response indicating utility of the TMES as a predictive tool for drug discovery and development and potential for use as a system for patient avatars.
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94
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Lopes MB, Martins EP, Vinga S, Costa BM. The Role of Network Science in Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1045. [PMID: 33801334 PMCID: PMC7958335 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Network science has long been recognized as a well-established discipline across many biological domains. In the particular case of cancer genomics, network discovery is challenged by the multitude of available high-dimensional heterogeneous views of data. Glioblastoma (GBM) is an example of such a complex and heterogeneous disease that can be tackled by network science. Identifying the architecture of molecular GBM networks is essential to understanding the information flow and better informing drug development and pre-clinical studies. Here, we review network-based strategies that have been used in the study of GBM, along with the available software implementations for reproducibility and further testing on newly coming datasets. Promising results have been obtained from both bulk and single-cell GBM data, placing network discovery at the forefront of developing a molecularly-informed-based personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta B. Lopes
- Center for Mathematics and Applications (CMA), FCT, UNL, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- NOVA Laboratory for Computer Science and Informatics (NOVA LINCS), FCT, UNL, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Eduarda P. Martins
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (E.P.M.); (B.M.C.)
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057/4805-017 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Susana Vinga
- INESC-ID, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1000-029 Lisbon, Portugal;
- IDMEC, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Bruno M. Costa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (E.P.M.); (B.M.C.)
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057/4805-017 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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95
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Chen X, Li Y, Yao T, Jia R. Benefits of Zebrafish Xenograft Models in Cancer Research. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:616551. [PMID: 33644052 PMCID: PMC7905065 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.616551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As a promising in vivo tool for cancer research, zebrafish have been widely applied in various tumor studies. The zebrafish xenograft model is a low-cost, high-throughput tool for cancer research that can be established quickly and requires only a small sample size, which makes it favorite among researchers. Zebrafish patient-derived xenograft (zPDX) models provide promising evidence for short-term clinical treatment. In this review, we discuss the characteristics and advantages of zebrafish, such as their transparent and translucent features, the use of vascular fluorescence imaging, the establishment of metastatic and intracranial orthotopic models, individual pharmacokinetics measurements, and tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, we introduce how these characteristics and advantages are applied other in tumor studies. Finally, we discuss the future direction of the use of zebrafish in tumor studies and provide new ideas for the application of it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongyun Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Tengteng Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Renbing Jia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
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96
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Establishment and Long-Term Expansion of Small Cell Lung Cancer Patient-Derived Tumor Organoids. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031349. [PMID: 33572899 PMCID: PMC7866263 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Differential chemo-sensitivity of cancer cells, which is attributed to the cellular heterogeneity and phenotypic variation of cancer cells, is considered to be the main reason for tumor recurrence after chemotherapy. Here, we generated small cell lung cancer patient-derived tumor organoids and subjected them to long-term expansion with the addition of WNT3A or R-spondin1. We confirmed that the organoids have similar genetic profiles, molecular characteristics, and morphological architectures to the corresponding patient tumor tissue during and after long-term expansion. Interestingly, the cellular heterogeneity of organoids is reflected in their differential response to cisplatin or etoposide. We propose to utilize the organoids as small cell lung cancer patient avatar models that would be ideal for investigating the mechanisms underlying tumor recurrence after chemotherapy, and would ultimately help to develop personalized medicine.
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97
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Thai VL, Griffin KH, Thorpe SW, Randall RL, Leach JK. Tissue engineered platforms for studying primary and metastatic neoplasm behavior in bone. J Biomech 2021; 115:110189. [PMID: 33385867 PMCID: PMC7855491 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2020.110189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States, claiming more than 560,000 lives each year. Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant tumor of bone in children and young adults, while bone is a common site of metastasis for tumors initiating from other tissues. The heterogeneity, continual evolution, and complexity of this disease at different stages of tumor progression drives a critical need for physiologically relevant models that capture the dynamic cancer microenvironment and advance chemotherapy techniques. Monolayer cultures have been favored for cell-based research for decades due to their simplicity and scalability. However, the nature of these models makes it impossible to fully describe the biomechanical and biochemical cues present in 3-dimensional (3D) microenvironments, such as ECM stiffness, degradability, surface topography, and adhesivity. Biomaterials have emerged as valuable tools to model the behavior of various cancers by creating highly tunable 3D systems for studying neoplasm behavior, screening chemotherapeutic drugs, and developing novel treatment delivery techniques. This review highlights the recent application of biomaterials toward the development of tumor models, details methods for their tunability, and discusses the clinical and therapeutic applications of these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L Thai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Katherine H Griffin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States; School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Steven W Thorpe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UC Davis Health, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States
| | - R Lor Randall
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UC Davis Health, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States
| | - J Kent Leach
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UC Davis Health, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States.
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98
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Janke LJ, Imai DM, Tillman H, Doty R, Hoenerhoff MJ, Xu JJ, Freeman Z, Allen P, Fowlkes NW, Iacobucci I, Dickerson K, Mullighan CG, Vogel P, Rehg JE. Development of Mast Cell and Eosinophil Hyperplasia and HLH/MAS-Like Disease in NSG-SGM3 Mice Receiving Human CD34+ Hematopoietic Stem Cells or Patient-Derived Leukemia Xenografts. Vet Pathol 2021; 58:181-204. [PMID: 33208054 PMCID: PMC8414369 DOI: 10.1177/0300985820970144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Immunocompromised mouse strains expressing human transgenes are being increasingly used in biomedical research. The genetic modifications in these mice cause various cellular responses, resulting in histologic features unique to each strain. The NSG-SGM3 mouse strain is similar to the commonly used NSG (NOD scid gamma) strain but expresses human transgenes encoding stem cell factor (also known as KIT ligand), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and interleukin 3. This report describes 3 histopathologic features seen in these mice when they are unmanipulated or after transplantation with human CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), virally transduced hCD34+ HSCs, or a leukemia patient-derived xenograft. The first feature is mast cell hyperplasia: unmanipulated, naïve mice develop periductular pancreatic aggregates of murine mast cells, whereas mice given the aforementioned human cells develop a proliferative infiltrative interstitial pancreatic mast cell hyperplasia but with human mast cells. The second feature is the predisposition of NSG-SGM3 mice given these human cells to develop eosinophil hyperplasia. The third feature, secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis/macrophage activation syndrome (HLH/MAS)-like disease, is the most pronounced in both its clinical and histopathologic presentations. As part of this disease, a small number of mice also have histiocytic infiltration of the brain and spinal cord with subsequent neurologic or vestibular signs. The presence of any of these features can confound accurate histopathologic interpretation; therefore, it is important to recognize them as strain characteristics and to differentiate them from what may be experimentally induced in the model being studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J. Janke
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Denise M. Imai
- Comparative Pathology Laboratory, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Heather Tillman
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Mark J. Hoenerhoff
- In Vivo Animal Core, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jiajie J. Xu
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Zach Freeman
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Portia Allen
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Natalie Wall Fowlkes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ilaria Iacobucci
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kirsten Dickerson
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Charles G. Mullighan
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
- Hematological Malignancies Program, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Peter Vogel
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jerold E. Rehg
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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99
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Manso J, Sharifi-Rad J, Zam W, Tsouh Fokou PV, Martorell M, Pezzani R. Plant Natural Compounds in the Treatment of Adrenocortical Tumors. Int J Endocrinol 2021; 2021:5516285. [PMID: 34567112 PMCID: PMC8463247 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5516285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant natural products are a plethora of diverse and complex molecules produced by the plant secondary metabolism. Among these, many can reserve beneficial or curative properties when employed to treat human diseases. Even in cancer, they can be successfully used and indeed numerous phytochemicals exert antineoplastic activity. The most common molecules derived from plants and used in the fight against cancer are polyphenols, i.e., quercetin, genistein, resveratrol, curcumin, etc. Despite valuable data especially in preclinical models on such compounds, few of them are currently used in the medical practice. Also, in adrenocortical tumors (ACT), phytochemicals are scarcely or not at all used. This work summarizes the available research on phytochemicals used against ACT and adrenocortical cancer, a very rare disease with poor prognosis and high metastatic potential, and wants to contribute to stimulate preclinical and clinical research to find new therapeutic strategies among the overabundance of biomolecules produced by the plant kingdom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Manso
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Via Ospedale 105, Padova 35128, Italy
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Azuay, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Wissam Zam
- Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tartous University, Tartous, Syria
| | | | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Centre for Healthy Living, University of Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile
- Universidad de Concepción, Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico, UDT, Concepción 4070386, Chile
| | - Raffaele Pezzani
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Via Ospedale 105, Padova 35128, Italy
- Phytotherapy Lab, Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, via Ospedale 105, 35128 Padova, Italy
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100
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Forde S, Matthews JD, Jahangiri L, Lee LC, Prokoph N, Malcolm TIM, Giger OT, Bell N, Blair H, O'Marcaigh A, Smith O, Kenner L, Bomken S, Burke GAA, Turner SD. Paediatric Burkitt lymphoma patient-derived xenografts capture disease characteristics over time and are a model for therapy. Br J Haematol 2021; 192:354-365. [PMID: 32880915 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.17043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Burkitt lymphoma (BL) accounts for almost two-thirds of all B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL) in children and adolescents and is characterised by a MYC translocation and rapid cell turnover. Intensive chemotherapeutic regimens have been developed in recent decades, including the lymphomes malins B (LMB) protocol, which have resulted in a survival rate in excess of 90%. Recent clinical trials have focused on immunochemotherapy, with the addition of rituximab to chemotherapeutic backbones, showing encouraging results. Despite these advances, relapse and refractory disease occurs in up to 10% of patients and salvage options for these carry a dismal prognosis. Efforts to better understand the molecular and functional characteristics driving relapse and refractory disease may help improve this prognosis. This study has established a paediatric BL patient-derived xenograft (PDX) resource which captures and maintains tumour heterogeneity, may be used to better characterise tumours and identify cell populations responsible for therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorcha Forde
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jamie D Matthews
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Leila Jahangiri
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Liam C Lee
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nina Prokoph
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tim I M Malcolm
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Olivier T Giger
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Natalie Bell
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Helen Blair
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Owen Smith
- Children's Health Ireland at Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lukas Kenner
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Unit of Laboratory Animal Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Applied Metabolomics, Vienna, Austria
| | - Simon Bomken
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,The Great North Children's Hospital, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Gladstone A A Burke
- Department of Paediatric Oncology and Haematology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Suzanne D Turner
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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