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Ma J, Guo W, Li C. Ubiquitination in melanoma pathogenesis and treatment. Cancer Med 2017; 6:1362-1377. [PMID: 28544818 PMCID: PMC5463089 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is one of the most aggressive skin cancers with fiercely increasing incidence and mortality. Since the progressive understanding of the mutational landscape and immunologic pathogenic factors in melanoma, the targeted therapy and immunotherapy have been recently established and gained unprecedented improvements for melanoma treatment. However, the prognosis of melanoma patients remains unoptimistic mainly due to the resistance and nonresponse to current available drugs. Ubiquitination is a posttranslational modification which plays crucial roles in diverse cellular biological activities and participates in the pathogenesis of various cancers, including melanoma. Through the regulation of multiple tumor promoters and suppressors, ubiquitination is emerging as the key contributor and therefore a potential therapeutic target for melanoma. Herein, we summarize the current understanding of ubiquitination in melanoma, from mechanistic insights to clinical progress, and discuss the prospect of ubiquitination modification in melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyuan Ma
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weinan Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chunying Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Lawson AP, Bak DW, Shannon DA, Long MJC, Vijaykumar T, Yu R, Oualid FE, Weerapana E, Hedstrom L. Identification of deubiquitinase targets of isothiocyanates using SILAC-assisted quantitative mass spectrometry. Oncotarget 2017; 8:51296-51316. [PMID: 28881649 PMCID: PMC5584250 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli and kale have well documented chemopreventative and anticancer effects that are attributed to the presence of isothiocyanates (ITCs). ITCs modulate the levels of many oncogenic proteins, but the molecular mechanisms of ITC action are not understood. We previously reported that phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) inhibits two deubiquitinases (DUBs), USP9x and UCH37. DUBs regulate many cellular processes and DUB dysregulation is linked to the pathogenesis of human diseases including cancer, neurodegeneration, and inflammation. Using SILAC assisted quantitative mass spectrometry, here we identify 9 new PEITC-DUB targets: USP1, USP3, USP10, USP11, USP16, USP22, USP40, USP48 and VCPIP1. Seven of these PEITC-sensitive DUBs have well-recognized roles in DNA repair or chromatin remodeling. PEITC both inhibits USP1 and increases its ubiquitination and degradation, thus decreasing USP1 activity by two mechanisms. The loss of USP1 activity increases the level of mono-ubiquitinated DNA clamp PCNA, impairing DNA repair. Both the inhibition/degradation of USP1 and the increase in mono-ubiquitinated PCNA are new activities for PEITC that can explain the previously recognized ability of ITCs to enhance cancer cell sensitivity to cisplatin treatment. Our work also demonstrates that PEITC reduces the mono-ubiquityl histones H2A and H2B. Understanding the mechanism of action of ITCs should facilitate their use as therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann P Lawson
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02453-9110, USA
| | - Daniel W Bak
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467-3860, USA
| | - D Alexander Shannon
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467-3860, USA
| | - Marcus J C Long
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Biophysics, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02453-9110, USA.,Current address: Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Tushara Vijaykumar
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02453-9110, USA.,Current address: Sanofi Genzyme, Framingham, MA 01701, USA
| | - Runhan Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02453-9110, USA
| | | | - Eranthie Weerapana
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467-3860, USA
| | - Lizbeth Hedstrom
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02453-9110, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02453-9110, USA
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53
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Long MJC, Poganik JR, Ghosh S, Aye Y. Subcellular Redox Targeting: Bridging in Vitro and in Vivo Chemical Biology. ACS Chem Biol 2017; 12:586-600. [PMID: 28068059 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b01148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Networks of redox sensor proteins within discrete microdomains regulate the flow of redox signaling. Yet, the inherent reactivity of redox signals complicates the study of specific redox events and pathways by traditional methods. Herein, we review designer chemistries capable of measuring flux and/or mimicking subcellular redox signaling at the cellular and organismal level. Such efforts have begun to decipher the logic underlying organelle-, site-, and target-specific redox signaling in vitro and in vivo. These data highlight chemical biology as a perfect gateway to interrogate how nature choreographs subcellular redox chemistry to drive precision redox biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus J. C. Long
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Jesse R. Poganik
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Souradyuti Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Yimon Aye
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
- Department
of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065, United States
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54
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Liu F, Yang H, Wang L, Yu B. Biosynthesis of the High-Value Plant Secondary Product Benzyl Isothiocyanate via Functional Expression of Multiple Heterologous Enzymes in Escherichia coli. ACS Synth Biol 2016; 5:1557-1565. [PMID: 27389525 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.6b00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Plants produce a wide variety of secondary metabolites that are highly nutraceutically and pharmaceutically important. Isothiocyanates, which are found abundantly in cruciferous vegetables, are believed to reduce the risk of several types of cancers and cardiovascular diseases. The challenges arising from the structural diversity and complex chemistry of these compounds have spurred great interest in producing them in large amounts in microbes. In this study, we aimed to synthesize benzyl isothiocyanate in Escherichia coli via gene mining, pathway engineering, and protein modification. Two chimeric cytochrome P450 enzymes were constructed and functionally expressed in E. coli. The E. coli cystathionine β-lyase was used to replace the plant-derived C-S lyase; its active form cannot be expressed in E. coli. Suitable desulfoglucosinolate:PAPS sulfotransferase from Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Col-0 and myrosinase from Brevicoryne brassicae were successfully mined from the database. Biosynthesis of benzyl isothiocyanate by the combined expression of the optimized enzymes in vitro was confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. This study provided a proof of concept for the production of benzyl isothiocyanate by microbially produced enzymes and, importantly, laid the groundwork for further metabolic engineering of microbial cells for the production of isothiocyanates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feixia Liu
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering,
Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Han Yang
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering,
Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Limin Wang
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering,
Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Bo Yu
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering,
Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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55
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Shi Y, Long MJ, Rosenberg MM, Li S, Kobjack A, Lessans P, Coffey RT, Hedstrom L. Boc 3Arg-Linked Ligands Induce Degradation by Localizing Target Proteins to the 20S Proteasome. ACS Chem Biol 2016; 11:3328-3337. [PMID: 27704767 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b00656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Targeted protein degradation is a promising strategy for drug design and functional assessment. Several small molecule approaches have been developed that localize target proteins to ubiquitin ligases, inducing ubiquitination and subsequent degradation by the 26S proteasome. We discovered that the degradation of a target protein can also be induced by a recognition ligand linked to tert-butyl carbamate (Boc3)-protected arginine (B3A). Here, we show that this process requires the proteasome but does not involve ubiquitination of the target protein. B3A does not perturb the structure of the target protein; instead, a B3A-ligand stabilizes its target protein. B3A ligands stimulate activity of purified 20S proteasome, demonstrating that the tag binds directly to the 20S proteasome. Moreover, purified 20S proteasome is sufficient to degrade target proteins in the presence of their respective B3A-linked recognition ligands. These observations suggest a simple model for B3A-mediated degradation wherein the B3A tag localizes target proteins directly to the 20S proteasome. Thus, B3A ligands are the first example of a ubiquitin-free strategy for targeted protein degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuntao Shi
- Graduate Program in Chemistry, ‡Graduate Program
in Biochemistry and Biophysics, §Department of Biology, ∥Graduate Program
in Molecular and Cell Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, #Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Marcus J.C. Long
- Graduate Program in Chemistry, ‡Graduate Program
in Biochemistry and Biophysics, §Department of Biology, ∥Graduate Program
in Molecular and Cell Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, #Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Masha M. Rosenberg
- Graduate Program in Chemistry, ‡Graduate Program
in Biochemistry and Biophysics, §Department of Biology, ∥Graduate Program
in Molecular and Cell Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, #Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Shican Li
- Graduate Program in Chemistry, ‡Graduate Program
in Biochemistry and Biophysics, §Department of Biology, ∥Graduate Program
in Molecular and Cell Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, #Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Aimee Kobjack
- Graduate Program in Chemistry, ‡Graduate Program
in Biochemistry and Biophysics, §Department of Biology, ∥Graduate Program
in Molecular and Cell Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, #Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Philip Lessans
- Graduate Program in Chemistry, ‡Graduate Program
in Biochemistry and Biophysics, §Department of Biology, ∥Graduate Program
in Molecular and Cell Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, #Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Rory T. Coffey
- Graduate Program in Chemistry, ‡Graduate Program
in Biochemistry and Biophysics, §Department of Biology, ∥Graduate Program
in Molecular and Cell Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, #Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Lizbeth Hedstrom
- Graduate Program in Chemistry, ‡Graduate Program
in Biochemistry and Biophysics, §Department of Biology, ∥Graduate Program
in Molecular and Cell Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, #Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, United States
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