51
|
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA comprising approximately 19-25 nucleotides. miRNAs can act as tumour suppressors or oncogenes, and aberrant expression of miRNAs has been reported in several human cancers and has been associated with cancer initiation and progression. Recent evidence suggests that miRNAs play a major role in thyroid carcinogenesis. In this review, we summarize the role of miRNAs in thyroid cancer and describe the oncogenic or tumour suppressor function of miRNAs as well as their clinical utility as prognostic or diagnostic markers in thyroid cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myriem Boufraqech
- Endocrine Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Joanna Klubo-Gwiezdzinska
- Metabolic Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Electron Kebebew
- Endocrine Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Shen CT, Qiu ZL, Song HJ, Wei WJ, Luo QY. miRNA-106a directly targeting RARB associates with the expression of Na(+)/I(-) symporter in thyroid cancer by regulating MAPK signaling pathway. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2016; 35:101. [PMID: 27342319 PMCID: PMC4919890 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-016-0377-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum miRNAs profiles between papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) patients with non-(131)I and (131)I-avid lung metastases are differentially expressed. These miRNAs have to be further validated and the role of these miRNAs in the molecular function level of thyroid cancer cell lines has not been investigated. METHODS Expression levels of six identified miRNAs were assessed via quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) in the serum of eligible patients. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to determine the potential target of miR-106a. Cell viability and apoptosis were evaluated by MTT assay and flow cytometry analysis, respectively. The change of gene expression was detected by qRT-PCR and western blotting analysis. In vitro iodine uptake assay was conducted by a γ-counter. RESULTS Compared to PTC patients with (131)I-avid lung metastases, miR-106a was up-regulated in the serum of patients with non-(131)I-avid lung metastases. The results of dual-luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that miR-106a directly targeted retinoic acid receptor beta (RARB) 3'-UTR. miR-106a-RARB promoted viability of thyroid cancer cells by regulating MEKK2-ERK1/2 and MEKK2-ERK5 pathway. miR-106a-RARB inhibited apoptosis of thyroid cancer cells by regulating ASK1-p38 pathway. Moreover, miR-106a-RARB could regulate the expression of sodium iodide symporter, TSH receptor and alter the iodine uptake function of thyroid cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS miRNA-106a, directly targeting RARB, associates with the viability, apoptosis, differentiation and the iodine uptake function of thyroid cancer cell lines by regulating MAPK signaling pathway in vitro. These findings in the present study may provide new strategies for the diagnosis and treatment in radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Tian Shen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Ling Qiu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong-Jun Song
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei-Jun Wei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233 People’s Republic of China
| | - Quan-Yong Luo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233 People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Aherne ST, Smyth P, Freeley M, Smith L, Spillane C, O'Leary J, Sheils O. Altered expression of mir-222 and mir-25 influences diverse gene expression changes in transformed normal and anaplastic thyroid cells, and impacts on MEK and TRAIL protein expression. Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:433-45. [PMID: 27353001 PMCID: PMC4935456 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy and accounts for the majority of endocrine cancer-related deaths each year. Our group and others have previously demonstrated dysfunctional microRNA (miRNA or miR) expression in the context of thyroid cancer. The objective of the present study was to investigate the impact of synthetic manipulation of expression of miR-25 and miR-222 in benign and malignant thyroid cells. miR-25 and miR-222 expression was upregulated in 8505C (an anaplastic thyroid cell line) and Nthy-ori (a SV40-immortalised thyroid cell line) cells, respectively. A transcriptomics-based approach was utilised to identify targets of the two miRNAs and real-time PCR and western blotting were used to validate a subset of the targets. Almost 100 mRNAs of diverse functions were found to be either directly or indirectly targeted by both miR-222 and miR-25 [fold change ≥2, false discovery rate (FDR) ≤0.05]. Gene ontology analysis showed the miR-25 gene target list to be significantly enriched for genes involved in cell adhesion. Fluidigm real-time PCR technologies were used to validate the downregulation of 23 and 22 genes in response to miR-25 and miR-222 overexpression, respectively. The reduction of the expression of two miR-25 protein targets, TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4 (MEK4), was also validated. Manipulating the expression of both miR-222 and miR-25 influenced diverse gene expression changes in thyroid cells. Increased expression of miR-25 reduced MEK4 and TRAIL protein expression, and cell adhesion and apoptosis are important aspects of miR-25 functioning in thyroid cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sinéad T Aherne
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Republic of Ireland
| | - Paul Smyth
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Republic of Ireland
| | - Michael Freeley
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Republic of Ireland
| | - Leila Smith
- Fluidigm Corporation, Suite 100, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Cathy Spillane
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Republic of Ireland
| | - John O'Leary
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Republic of Ireland
| | - Orla Sheils
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Republic of Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Wang DD, Chen X, Yu DD, Yang SJ, Shen HY, Sha HH, Zhong SL, Zhao JH, Tang JH. miR-197: A novel biomarker for cancers. Gene 2016; 591:313-9. [PMID: 27320730 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that could regulate post-transcription level through binding to 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of target messenger RNAs (mRNAs), which were reported to be related with the incidence and development of diverse neoplasms. Among them, miR-197 was confirmed to play a vital role of oncogene or anti-oncogene in different cancers via targeting key tumorigenic or tumor-suppressive genes. Additionally, miR-197 had extensively been studied in carcinogenesis progression of cancers through various mechanisms, including apoptosis, proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis, drug resistance and tumor suppressor, and also played a role in prognosis of cancers. In this review, we summarized the roles of miR-197 in cancers and considered it as a potentially novel biomarker for different cancers, offering an alternatively secure and effective tool in molecular targeting cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Wang
- The First Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China; The Forth Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiu Chen
- The Forth Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Baiziting 42, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Dan-Dan Yu
- The First Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Baiziting 42, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Su-Jin Yang
- The Forth Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Baiziting 42, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hong-Yu Shen
- The Forth Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Baiziting 42, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Huan-Huan Sha
- The Forth Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Baiziting 42, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shan-Liang Zhong
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Baiziting 42, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jian-Hua Zhao
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Baiziting 42, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jin-Hai Tang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Baiziting 42, Nanjing 210009, China.
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Damanakis AI, Eckhardt S, Wunderlich A, Roth S, Wissniowski TT, Bartsch DK, Di Fazio P. MicroRNAs let7 expression in thyroid cancer: correlation with their deputed targets HMGA2 and SLC5A5. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2016; 142:1213-20. [PMID: 26960757 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-016-2138-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Thyroid cancer (TC), the most common endocrine malignancy, increases its incidence worldwide. MicroRNAs have been shown to be abnormally expressed in tumors and could represent valid diagnostic markers for patients affected by TC. Our aim was to analyze the expression of tumorsuppressor hsa-let7b-5p and hsa-let7f-5p, together with their predicted targets SLC5A5 (NIS) and HMGA2, in papillary (PTC), follicular (FTC) and anaplastic (ATC). METHODS 8 FTC, 14 PTC, 12 ATC and three normal thyroid tissue samples were analyzed for the expression of pre-let7b, hsa-let7b-5p and hsa-let7f-5p as SLC5A5 and HMGA2 by RT-qPCR. Data were analyzed by REST 2008. RESULTS FTC patients showed a significant down-regulation of hsa-let7b-5p and its precursor. hsa-let7f-5p was overexpressed, and SLC5A5 was strongly suppressed. HMGA2 was overexpressed, reflecting no correlation with its regulatory let7 miRNAs. PTC samples were characterized by up-regulation of hsa-let7b-5p, its precursor and hsa-let7f-5p. SLC5A5 was strongly suppressed in comparison with normal thyroid tissue. HMGA2 was overexpressed, as shown in FTC, also. ATC samples showed a similar miRNAs profile as PTC. In contrast with FTC and PTC, these patients showed a stable or up-regulated SLC5A5 and HMGA2. CONCLUSIONS Expression of HMGA2 is not correlated with the regulatory let7 miRNAs. Interestingly, SLC5A5 was down-regulated in FTC and PTC. Its expression could be modulated by hsa-let-7f-5p. ATC showed a loss of SLC5A5/hsa-let7f-5p correlation. SLC5A5, in ATC, needs further investigation to clarify the genetic/epigenetic mechanism altering its expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander I Damanakis
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Philipps University Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Eckhardt
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Philipps University Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Annette Wunderlich
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Philipps University Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Silvia Roth
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Philipps University Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Thaddeus T Wissniowski
- Division of Gastroenterology and Endocrinology, Philipps University Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Detlef K Bartsch
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Philipps University Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Pietro Di Fazio
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Philipps University Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, 35043, Marburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Zhang X. Value of Molecular Tests in Cytologically Indeterminate Lesions of Thyroid. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2016; 139:1484-90. [PMID: 26619020 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2014-0245-ra] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Fine-needle aspiration has been the initial step in the workup of thyroid nodular lesions and has successfully reduced the number of unnecessary surgeries and improved preoperative malignancy detection. However, up to one-third of cases fall in the diagnostically "indeterminate group," which poses a patient-management challenge. objective: To review the characteristics of molecular tests useful for stratifying the malignancy risk of indeterminate thyroid lesions, including their advantages and limitations. DATA SOURCES PubMed. CONCLUSIONS Molecular tests are useful for triage of indeterminate thyroid nodules initially diagnosed by using fine-needle aspiration. Immunocytochemistry is readily available with the shortest turnaround time among the molecular tests but suffers from poor reproducibility and low interpretation concordance. Gene mutation analysis is superior in detecting malignancies as a rule-in test, despite low specificity. Next-generation sequencing seems promising but needs more validations before widespread use. Gene expression profiling is more suitable for detecting benign lesions as a rule-out test to avoid unnecessary surgeries but is not reliable in excluding malignancies. MicroRNA profiling has great potential for both risk stratification and predicting prognosis but is limited by significant variations in sensitivity and specificity. Although many questions still need to be answered, taken together, molecular tests are a promising option for classifying cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodular lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinmin Zhang
- From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Wylie D, Beaudenon-Huibregtse S, Haynes BC, Giordano TJ, Labourier E. Molecular classification of thyroid lesions by combined testing for miRNA gene expression and somatic gene alterations. JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY CLINICAL RESEARCH 2016; 2:93-103. [PMID: 27499919 PMCID: PMC4907059 DOI: 10.1002/cjp2.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Multiple molecular markers contribute to the pathogenesis of thyroid cancer and can provide valuable information to improve disease diagnosis and patient management. We performed a comprehensive evaluation of miRNA gene expression in diverse thyroid lesions (n = 534) and developed predictive models for the classification of thyroid nodules, alone or in combination with genotyping. Expression profiling by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction in surgical specimens (n = 257) identified specific miRNAs differentially expressed in 17 histopathological categories. Eight supervised machine learning algorithms were trained to discriminate benign from malignant lesions and evaluated for accuracy and robustness. The selected models showed invariant area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) in cross-validation (0.89), optimal AUC (0.94) in an independent set of preoperative thyroid nodule aspirates (n = 235), and classified 92% of benign lesions as low risk/negative and 92% of malignant lesions as high risk/positive. Surgical and preoperative specimens were further tested for the presence of 17 validated oncogenic gene alterations in the BRAF, RAS, RET or PAX8 genes. The miRNA-based classifiers complemented and significantly improved the diagnostic performance of the 17-mutation panel (p < 0.001 for McNemar's tests). In a subset of resected tissues (n = 54) and in an independent set of thyroid nodules with indeterminate cytology (n = 42), the optimized ThyraMIR Thyroid miRNA Classifier increased diagnostic sensitivity by 30-39% and correctly classified 100% of benign nodules negative by the 17-mutation panel. In contrast, testing with broad targeted next-generation sequencing panels decreased diagnostic specificity by detecting additional mutations of unknown clinical significance in 19-39% of benign lesions. Our results demonstrate that, independent of mutational status, miRNA expression profiles are strongly associated with altered molecular pathways underlying thyroid tumorigenesis. Combined testing for miRNA gene expression and well-established somatic gene alterations is a novel diagnostic strategy that can improve the preoperative diagnosis and surgical management of patients with indeterminate thyroid nodules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Thomas J Giordano
- Department of Pathology University of Michigan Health System Ann Arbor Michigan USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
58
|
Ludvíková M, Kalfeřt D, Kholová I. Pathobiology of MicroRNAs and Their Emerging Role in Thyroid Fine-Needle Aspiration. Acta Cytol 2016; 59:435-44. [PMID: 26745212 DOI: 10.1159/000442145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE MicroRNAs (miRs) are noncoding, single-stranded regulatory RNA molecules involved in the posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression. They control the development and maintenance of the diverse cellular processes including proliferation, differentiation, motility and apoptosis. Expression of miRs is tissue-specific and each alteration of the tissue miR profile is associated with a distinct disease status. STUDY DESIGN We reviewed the literature on the expression of miRs in thyroid tumors, focusing on methodology and diagnostic and prognostic output. Separately, we analyzed 11 studies on miR profiles in thyroid cytological material. RESULTS Numerous studies have evaluated the miR profiles of thyroid tumors in an attempt to find a possible diagnostic and prognostic role. Both downregulation and upregulation of numerous miRs was found, but differences between the surgical pathology specimens and corresponding fine-needle aspirates in the expression of the same miRs were also reported. CONCLUSIONS The results from surgically resected material cannot be extrapolated into preoperative use without validation. For diagnostic use, the strong overlap between follicular adenoma and follicular carcinoma miR profiles is challenging. In summary, miR-221 and miR-222 are consistently upregulated in different types of thyroid carcinomas and might be used as markers of malignancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Ludvíková
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
59
|
Petric R, Gazic B, Goricar K, Dolzan V, Dzodic R, Besic N. Expression of miRNA and Occurrence of Distant Metastases in Patients with Hürthle Cell Carcinoma. Int J Endocrinol 2016; 2016:8945247. [PMID: 27547222 PMCID: PMC4980509 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8945247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Hürthle cell thyroid carcinoma (HCTC) is a rare type of thyroid carcinoma. In the present study, we investigated whether the expression of miRNAs of interest is associated with the occurrence of metastases in patients with HCTC. Materials and Methods. In 39 patients with HCTC (22 with nonmetastatic and 17 with regional or distant metastatic disease), the expression levels of six miRNAs (miR-138, miR-183, miR-221, miR-222, miR-768-3p, and miR-885-5p) and U6 snRNA as endogenous control were determined in FFPE samples of primary tumor and normal thyroid tissue using TaqMan miRNA assays. Results. In patients with HCTC, miR-138 and miR-768-3p were downregulated in tumor samples compared to normal tissue (p = 0.013 and p = 0.010, resp.). These two miRNAs were also significantly downregulated in tumor samples of patients with metastatic disease (p = 0.030 and p = 0.048, resp.) but not in patients with nonmetastatic disease (p = 0.249 and p = 0.101, resp.). In patients with nonmetastatic disease, miR-221 and miR-885-5p were slightly, albeit significantly, upregulated in tumorous compared to normal tissue (p = 0.042 and p = 0.027, resp.). Conclusion. Expression of miRNA (miR-183, miR-221, and miR-885-5p) in tumor tissue is associated with the occurrence of distant metastases in patients with HCTC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rok Petric
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Zaloska 2, SL-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Barbara Gazic
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Oncology, Zaloska 2, SL-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katja Goricar
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, SL-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vita Dolzan
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, SL-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Radan Dzodic
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 2, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nikola Besic
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Zaloska 2, SL-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- *Nikola Besic:
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Haugen BR, Alexander EK, Bible KC, Doherty GM, Mandel SJ, Nikiforov YE, Pacini F, Randolph GW, Sawka AM, Schlumberger M, Schuff KG, Sherman SI, Sosa JA, Steward DL, Tuttle RM, Wartofsky L. 2015 American Thyroid Association Management Guidelines for Adult Patients with Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: The American Thyroid Association Guidelines Task Force on Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer. Thyroid 2016; 26:1-133. [PMID: 26462967 PMCID: PMC4739132 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2015.0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8568] [Impact Index Per Article: 1071.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid nodules are a common clinical problem, and differentiated thyroid cancer is becoming increasingly prevalent. Since the American Thyroid Association's (ATA's) guidelines for the management of these disorders were revised in 2009, significant scientific advances have occurred in the field. The aim of these guidelines is to inform clinicians, patients, researchers, and health policy makers on published evidence relating to the diagnosis and management of thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer. METHODS The specific clinical questions addressed in these guidelines were based on prior versions of the guidelines, stakeholder input, and input of task force members. Task force panel members were educated on knowledge synthesis methods, including electronic database searching, review and selection of relevant citations, and critical appraisal of selected studies. Published English language articles on adults were eligible for inclusion. The American College of Physicians Guideline Grading System was used for critical appraisal of evidence and grading strength of recommendations for therapeutic interventions. We developed a similarly formatted system to appraise the quality of such studies and resultant recommendations. The guideline panel had complete editorial independence from the ATA. Competing interests of guideline task force members were regularly updated, managed, and communicated to the ATA and task force members. RESULTS The revised guidelines for the management of thyroid nodules include recommendations regarding initial evaluation, clinical and ultrasound criteria for fine-needle aspiration biopsy, interpretation of fine-needle aspiration biopsy results, use of molecular markers, and management of benign thyroid nodules. Recommendations regarding the initial management of thyroid cancer include those relating to screening for thyroid cancer, staging and risk assessment, surgical management, radioiodine remnant ablation and therapy, and thyrotropin suppression therapy using levothyroxine. Recommendations related to long-term management of differentiated thyroid cancer include those related to surveillance for recurrent disease using imaging and serum thyroglobulin, thyroid hormone therapy, management of recurrent and metastatic disease, consideration for clinical trials and targeted therapy, as well as directions for future research. CONCLUSIONS We have developed evidence-based recommendations to inform clinical decision-making in the management of thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer. They represent, in our opinion, contemporary optimal care for patients with these disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Erik K. Alexander
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Susan J. Mandel
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | - Gregory W. Randolph
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Anna M. Sawka
- University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Julie Ann Sosa
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
61
|
Stokowy T, Gawel D, Wojtas B. Differences in miRNA and mRNA Profile of Papillary Thyroid Cancer Variants. Int J Endocrinol 2016; 2016:1427042. [PMID: 27656207 PMCID: PMC5021476 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1427042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) can be divided into classical variant of PTC (cPTC), follicular variant of PTC (fvPTC), and tall cell variant (tcPTC). These variants differ in their histopathology and cytology; however, their molecular background is not clearly understood. Our results shed some new light on papillary thyroid cancer biology as new direct miRNA-gene regulations are discovered. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) 466 thyroid cancer samples were studied in parallel datasets to discover potential miRNA-mRNA regulations. Additionally, miRNAs and genes differentiating PTC variants (cPTC, fvPTC, and tcPTC) were indicated. Putative miRNA regulatory pairs were discovered: hsa-miR-146b-5p with PHKB and IRAK1, hsa-miR-874-3p with ITGB4 characteristic for classic PTC samples, and hsa-miR-152-3p with TGFA characteristic for follicular variant PTC samples. MiRNA-mRNA regulations discovery opens a new perspective in understanding of PTC biology. Furthermore, our successful pipeline of miRNA-mRNA regulatory pathways discovery could serve as a universal tool to find new miRNA-mRNA regulations, also in different datasets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Stokowy
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Postboks 7804, 5020 Bergen, Norway
- *Tomasz Stokowy:
| | - Danuta Gawel
- Department of Automatic Control, Akademicka 16, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Bartosz Wojtas
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology, M. Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch Wybrzeze AK 15, 44-101 Gliwice, Poland
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Neurobiology Center, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Wei WJ, Shen CT, Song HJ, Qiu ZL, Luo QY. MicroRNAs as a potential tool in the differential diagnosis of thyroid cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2016; 84:127-33. [PMID: 25510178 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy, and its incidence has been increasing over the last 30 years. Several studies have suggested that miRNAs may play a significant role in the differential diagnosis of indeterminate thyroid nodules. To systematically evaluate the utility of miRNAs in discriminating malignant thyroid nodules from benign ones on fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) samples, a systematic review and meta-analysis of the published literatures were carried out. PATIENTS AND DESIGN Three hundred and sixty-one samples, obtained from 341 patients, were included in the research, and summary sensitivities (SEN), specificities (SPE), positive likelihood ratios, negative likelihood ratios and diagnostic odds ratio were calculated. Then, summary receiver operating characteristic curves (SROCs) and areas under the SROC curves (AUCs) were calculated to further estimate the overall diagnostic value of miRNAs in thyroid cancer. RESULTS The overall pooled SEN, SPE and AUC are 0·75, 0·81 and 0·89, respectively. For multiple miRNAs assays, the pooled SEN, SPE and AUC are 0·87, 0·75 and 0·68, respectively. For single miRNA assays, the corresponding results are 0·71, 0·84 and 0·87, respectively. The corresponding statistical results for differentiating indeterminate FNAB samples are 0·92, 0·68 and 0·86, respectively. CONCLUSION Our current meta-analysis suggests that miRNAs may serve as a novel diagnostic tool in distinguishing malignant thyroid nodules from benign ones on FNAB specimens. In addition, subgroup analysis suggests that a panel of miRNAs may have a higher sensitivity but a relatively lower specificity than that of single miRNA in distinguishing thyroid nodules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jun Wei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen-Tian Shen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Jun Song
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhong-Ling Qiu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Quan-Yong Luo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
The combination of four molecular markers improves thyroid cancer cytologic diagnosis and patient management. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:918. [PMID: 26581891 PMCID: PMC4652365 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1917-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Papillary thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy. The most sensitive and specific diagnostic tool for thyroid nodule diagnosis is fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy with cytological evaluation. Nevertheless, FNA biopsy is not always decisive leading to “indeterminate” or “suspicious” diagnoses in 10 %–30 % of cases. BRAF V600E detection is currently used as molecular test to improve the diagnosis of thyroid nodules, yet it lacks sensitivity. The aim of the present study was to identify novel molecular markers/computational models to improve the discrimination between benign and malignant thyroid lesions. Methods We collected 118 pre-operative thyroid FNA samples. All 118 FNA samples were characterized for the presence of the BRAF V600E mutation (exon15) by pyrosequencing and further assessed for mRNA expression of four genes (KIT, TC1, miR-222, miR-146b) by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Computational models (Bayesian Neural Network Classifier, discriminant analysis) were built, and their ability to discriminate benign and malignant tumors were tested. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed and principal component analysis was used for visualization purposes. Results In total, 36/70 malignant samples carried the V600E mutation, while all 48 benign samples were wild type for BRAF exon15. The Bayesian neural network (BNN) and discriminant analysis, including the mRNA expression of the four genes (KIT, TC1, miR-222, miR-146b) showed a very strong predictive value (94.12 % and 92.16 %, respectively) in discriminating malignant from benign patients. The discriminant analysis showed a correct classification of 100 % of the samples in the malignant group, and 95 % by BNN. KIT and miR-146b showed the highest diagnostic accuracy of the ROC curve, with area under the curve values of 0.973 for KIT and 0.931 for miR-146b. Conclusions The four genes model proposed in this study proved to be highly discriminative of the malignant status compared with BRAF assessment alone. Its implementation in clinical practice can help in identifying malignant/benign nodules that would otherwise remain suspicious. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-015-1917-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
|
64
|
Sparse Modeling Reveals miRNA Signatures for Diagnostics of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140155. [PMID: 26466382 PMCID: PMC4605644 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) still remains a clinical challenge and the most accurate diagnostic procedure is a combination of clinical tests including invasive endoscopy. In this study we evaluated whether systematic miRNA expression profiling, in conjunction with machine learning techniques, is suitable as a non-invasive test for the major IBD phenotypes (Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC)). Based on microarray technology, expression levels of 863 miRNAs were determined for whole blood samples from 40 CD and 36 UC patients and compared to data from 38 healthy controls (HC). To further discriminate between disease-specific and general inflammation we included miRNA expression data from other inflammatory diseases (inflammation controls (IC): 24 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), 23 multiple sclerosis, 38 pancreatitis and 45 sarcoidosis cases) as well as 70 healthy controls from previous studies. Classification problems considering 2, 3 or 4 groups were solved using different types of penalized support vector machines (SVMs). The resulting models were assessed regarding sparsity and performance and a subset was selected for further investigation. Measured by the area under the ROC curve (AUC) the corresponding median holdout-validated accuracy was estimated as ranging from 0.75 to 1.00 (including IC) and 0.89 to 0.98 (excluding IC), respectively. In combination, the corresponding models provide tools for the distinction of CD and UC as well as CD, UC and HC with expected classification error rates of 3.1 and 3.3%, respectively. These results were obtained by incorporating not more than 16 distinct miRNAs. Validated target genes of these miRNAs have been previously described as being related to IBD. For others we observed significant enrichment for IBD susceptibility loci identified in earlier GWAS. These results suggest that the proposed miRNA signature is of relevance for the etiology of IBD. Its diagnostic value, however, should be further evaluated in large, independent, clinically well characterized cohorts.
Collapse
|
65
|
Pusztaszeri MP, Krane JF, Faquin WC. BRAF testing and thyroid FNA. Cancer Cytopathol 2015; 123:689-95. [PMID: 26335367 DOI: 10.1002/cncy.21614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc P Pusztaszeri
- Department of Pathology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jeffrey F Krane
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - William C Faquin
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Labourier E, Shifrin A, Busseniers AE, Lupo MA, Manganelli ML, Andruss B, Wylie D, Beaudenon-Huibregtse S. Molecular Testing for miRNA, mRNA, and DNA on Fine-Needle Aspiration Improves the Preoperative Diagnosis of Thyroid Nodules With Indeterminate Cytology. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015; 100:2743-50. [PMID: 25965083 PMCID: PMC4490308 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2015-1158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Molecular testing for oncogenic mutations or gene expression in fine-needle aspirations (FNAs) from thyroid nodules with indeterminate cytology identifies a subset of benign or malignant lesions with high predictive value. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate a novel diagnostic algorithm combining mutation detection and miRNA expression to improve the diagnostic yield of molecular cytology. SETTING Surgical specimens and preoperative FNAs (n = 638) were tested for 17 validated gene alterations using the miRInform Thyroid test and with a 10-miRNA gene expression classifier generating positive (malignant) or negative (benign) results. DESIGN Cross-sectional sampling of thyroid nodules with atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS) or follicular neoplasm/suspicious for a follicular neoplasm (FN/SFN) cytology (n = 109) was conducted at 12 endocrinology centers across the United States. Qualitative molecular results were compared with surgical histopathology to determine diagnostic performance and model clinical effect. RESULTS Mutations were detected in 69% of nodules with malignant outcome. Among mutation-negative specimens, miRNA testing correctly identified 64% of malignant cases and 98% of benign cases. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the combined algorithm was 89% (95% confidence interval [CI], 73-97%) and 85% (95% CI, 75-92%), respectively. At 32% cancer prevalence, 61% of the molecular results were benign with a negative predictive value of 94% (95% CI, 85-98%). Independently of variations in cancer prevalence, the test increased the yield of true benign results by 65% relative to mRNA-based gene expression classification and decreased the rate of avoidable diagnostic surgeries by 69%. CONCLUSIONS Multiplatform testing for DNA, mRNA, and miRNA can accurately classify benign and malignant thyroid nodules, increase the diagnostic yield of molecular cytology, and further improve the preoperative risk-based management of benign nodules with AUS/FLUS or FN/SFN cytology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Labourier
- Asuragen, Inc (E.L., B.A., D.W., S.B.H.), Austin, Texas 78744; Jersey Shore University Medical Center (A.S.), Center for Thyroid, Parathyroid and Adrenal Diseases, Neptune, New Jersey 07753; Metropolitan Fine Needle Aspiration Service (A.E.B.), Washington, District of Columbia 20037 and Bethesda, Maryland 20814; Thyroid & Endocrine Center of Florida (M.A.L.), Sarasota, Florida 34231; and (M.L.M.) San Diego, California 92103
| | - Alexander Shifrin
- Asuragen, Inc (E.L., B.A., D.W., S.B.H.), Austin, Texas 78744; Jersey Shore University Medical Center (A.S.), Center for Thyroid, Parathyroid and Adrenal Diseases, Neptune, New Jersey 07753; Metropolitan Fine Needle Aspiration Service (A.E.B.), Washington, District of Columbia 20037 and Bethesda, Maryland 20814; Thyroid & Endocrine Center of Florida (M.A.L.), Sarasota, Florida 34231; and (M.L.M.) San Diego, California 92103
| | - Anne E Busseniers
- Asuragen, Inc (E.L., B.A., D.W., S.B.H.), Austin, Texas 78744; Jersey Shore University Medical Center (A.S.), Center for Thyroid, Parathyroid and Adrenal Diseases, Neptune, New Jersey 07753; Metropolitan Fine Needle Aspiration Service (A.E.B.), Washington, District of Columbia 20037 and Bethesda, Maryland 20814; Thyroid & Endocrine Center of Florida (M.A.L.), Sarasota, Florida 34231; and (M.L.M.) San Diego, California 92103
| | - Mark A Lupo
- Asuragen, Inc (E.L., B.A., D.W., S.B.H.), Austin, Texas 78744; Jersey Shore University Medical Center (A.S.), Center for Thyroid, Parathyroid and Adrenal Diseases, Neptune, New Jersey 07753; Metropolitan Fine Needle Aspiration Service (A.E.B.), Washington, District of Columbia 20037 and Bethesda, Maryland 20814; Thyroid & Endocrine Center of Florida (M.A.L.), Sarasota, Florida 34231; and (M.L.M.) San Diego, California 92103
| | - Monique L Manganelli
- Asuragen, Inc (E.L., B.A., D.W., S.B.H.), Austin, Texas 78744; Jersey Shore University Medical Center (A.S.), Center for Thyroid, Parathyroid and Adrenal Diseases, Neptune, New Jersey 07753; Metropolitan Fine Needle Aspiration Service (A.E.B.), Washington, District of Columbia 20037 and Bethesda, Maryland 20814; Thyroid & Endocrine Center of Florida (M.A.L.), Sarasota, Florida 34231; and (M.L.M.) San Diego, California 92103
| | - Bernard Andruss
- Asuragen, Inc (E.L., B.A., D.W., S.B.H.), Austin, Texas 78744; Jersey Shore University Medical Center (A.S.), Center for Thyroid, Parathyroid and Adrenal Diseases, Neptune, New Jersey 07753; Metropolitan Fine Needle Aspiration Service (A.E.B.), Washington, District of Columbia 20037 and Bethesda, Maryland 20814; Thyroid & Endocrine Center of Florida (M.A.L.), Sarasota, Florida 34231; and (M.L.M.) San Diego, California 92103
| | - Dennis Wylie
- Asuragen, Inc (E.L., B.A., D.W., S.B.H.), Austin, Texas 78744; Jersey Shore University Medical Center (A.S.), Center for Thyroid, Parathyroid and Adrenal Diseases, Neptune, New Jersey 07753; Metropolitan Fine Needle Aspiration Service (A.E.B.), Washington, District of Columbia 20037 and Bethesda, Maryland 20814; Thyroid & Endocrine Center of Florida (M.A.L.), Sarasota, Florida 34231; and (M.L.M.) San Diego, California 92103
| | - Sylvie Beaudenon-Huibregtse
- Asuragen, Inc (E.L., B.A., D.W., S.B.H.), Austin, Texas 78744; Jersey Shore University Medical Center (A.S.), Center for Thyroid, Parathyroid and Adrenal Diseases, Neptune, New Jersey 07753; Metropolitan Fine Needle Aspiration Service (A.E.B.), Washington, District of Columbia 20037 and Bethesda, Maryland 20814; Thyroid & Endocrine Center of Florida (M.A.L.), Sarasota, Florida 34231; and (M.L.M.) San Diego, California 92103
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Abstract
In this review, we describe key components of a computational infrastructure for a precision medicine program that is based on clinical-grade genomic sequencing. Specific aspects covered in this review include software components and hardware infrastructure, reporting, integration into Electronic Health Records for routine clinical use and regulatory aspects. We emphasize informatics components related to reproducibility and reliability in genomic testing, regulatory compliance, traceability and documentation of processes, integration into clinical workflows, privacy requirements, prioritization and interpretation of results to report based on clinical needs, rapidly evolving knowledge base of genomic alterations and clinical treatments and return of results in a timely and predictable fashion. We also seek to differentiate between the use of precision medicine in germline and cancer.
Collapse
|
68
|
Guo Z, Hardin H, Montemayor-Garcia C, Asioli S, Righi A, Maletta F, Sapino A, Lloyd RV. In Situ Hybridization Analysis of miR-146b-5p and miR-21 in Thyroid Nodules: Diagnostic Implications. Endocr Pathol 2015; 26:157-63. [PMID: 25771986 DOI: 10.1007/s12022-015-9363-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Some thyroid nodules such as follicular adenomas (FAs), follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinomas (FVPTCs), and follicular thyroid carcinomas (FTCs) exhibit similar clinical presentations and gross morphologic appearances. The differential diagnosis of these lesions is sometimes difficult based on morphologic, cytologic, or clinical features alone. miR-146b-5p and miR-21 deregulation has been associated with progression and metastasis of thyroid cancers. However, the utility of in situ hybridization (ISH) to determine the cellular localization, diagnostic, and prognostic significance of miR-146b-5p and miR-21 expression in thyroid tumors has not been extensively analyzed. In order to examine the expression of miR-146b-5p and miR-21 in benign and malignant thyroid tissues and to determine if these microRNAs could be assigned to distinct histomorphological types of thyroid nodules, we analyzed miR-146b-5p and miR-21 expression in thyroid nodules on tissue microarrays (TMAs) with 193 thyroid specimens by ISH. miR-146b-5p and miR-21 expression in thyroid tissues was also analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). miR-146b-5p was highly expressed (89%) in papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs) and 41% of FVPTC. The expression of miR-146b-5p was not expressed in most FTCs, anaplastic thyroid carcinomas (ATCs), poorly differentiated thyroid carcinomas (PDTCs), or FAs (7, 8, 0, and 0%, respectively). MiR-21 was overexpressed in 83% of ATCs, 79 % of PTCs, 34% of FVPTCs, and 19% of PDTCs. The expression of miR-21 was not expressed in most FAs (9%) or FTCs (4%). Normal thyroid tissues and most benign goiters were negative for miR-146b-5p and miR-21. qRT-PCR analysis supported the ISH findings. PTC cases with positive expression of miR-146b-5p and miR-21 had significantly poorer disease-free survival rates. Immunohistochemical staining for HBME-1 showed positive staining in PTCs (100 %) and FVPTCs (92 %) with a subset of FTC (40%) staining positive, while all FAs were negative. Since miR-146b-5p was mainly expressed in PTC including FVPTC and was not expressed in most FTC, PDTC, or ATC, it may serve as a useful diagnostic marker for PTC. ISH is a useful method to analyze microRNA expression in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded thyroid tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenying Guo
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
69
|
Abstract
Background Despite lack of adequate, validated, independently performed clinical studies, several molecular tests are commercially available on the market and are being used on indeterminate thyroid nodules to guide patient-care decisions. Methods We summarize the current evidence on the role and limitations of molecular tests used in combination with thyroid cytopathology to refine the presurgical diagnosis of thyroid nodules. Results The clinical performance of molecular tests depends on the pretest risk of malignancy within the specific cytological group being assessed. This risk is variable and should be assessed at each institution to optimize the selection of the molecular test and the interpretation of its results. Next-generation sequencing has increased the sensitivity of oncogene panels while maintaining high specificity. Tests assessing the gene expression pattern have shown promising results, with high sensitivity but low specificity. The impacts of molecular markers on clinical practice remains in flux and their effect on health care costs remains poorly understood. Conclusions Further large, independent, confirmatory, clinical validation studies and real-world, cost-effectiveness studies are necessary before the widespread adoption of these tests can be endorsed as standard of care.
Collapse
|
70
|
Mavridis K, Gueugnon F, Petit-Courty A, Courty Y, Barascu A, Guyetant S, Scorilas A. The oncomiR miR-197 is a novel prognostic indicator for non-small cell lung cancer patients. Br J Cancer 2015; 112:1527-35. [PMID: 25867273 PMCID: PMC4453672 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: MicroRNA expression signatures can promote personalised care for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Our aim was to evaluate the previously unexplored prognostic potential of miR-197, a key oncogenic molecule for NSCLC. Methods: Total RNA isolation (n=124 NSCLC and n=21 tumour-adjacent normal tissues), was performed using the QIAsymphony SP workstation. The quantity and quality of RNA were assessed by spectrophotometric analysis and an Agilent 2100 bioanalyzer. Polyadenylation and reverse transcription were subsequently carried out. MiR-197 expression levels were measured by qPCR, after quality control (inter-assay CV=7.8%). Internal validation procedures were followed by assigning training and test sets and robust biostatistical analyses were performed, including bootstrap resampling. Results: MiR-197 is associated with larger tumours (P=0.042) and the squamous cell carcinoma histotype (P=0.032). Interestingly, after adjusting for important prognostic indicators, miR-197 expression was identified as a novel independent predictor of unfavourable prognosis for NSCLC patients (HR=1.97, 95% CI=1.10–3.38, P=0.013). We also demonstrate that miR-197 retains its prognostic performance in both early-stage I (P=0.045) and more advanced-stage individuals (P=0.036). Conclusions: The cost-effective expression analysis of miR-197 could constitute a novel molecular tool for NSCLC management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Mavridis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15701 Athens, Greece
| | - F Gueugnon
- Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, INSERM UMR1100, F-37032 Tours, France
| | - A Petit-Courty
- Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, INSERM UMR1100, F-37032 Tours, France
| | - Y Courty
- Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, INSERM UMR1100, F-37032 Tours, France
| | - A Barascu
- Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, INSERM UMR1100, F-37032 Tours, France
| | - S Guyetant
- Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, INSERM UMR1100, F-37032 Tours, France
| | - A Scorilas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15701 Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Wu X, Ling J, Fu Z, Ji C, Wu J, Xu Q. Effects of miRNA-197 overexpression on proliferation, apoptosis and migration in levonorgestrel treated uterine leiomyoma cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2015; 71:1-6. [PMID: 25960207 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Uterine leiomyoma is the ahead benign tumor of the female genital tract, which resulted in menstrual abnormalities, recurrent pregnancy loss, and other serious gynecological disorders in women. Recently, as the process of exploring the brief molecular mechanisms of tumorgenesis, microRNAs (miRNAs) have attracted much more attention. METHODS In this study, we first confirmed that microRNA-197 (miR-197) was down-regulated significantly in human uterus leiomyoma by quantity real-time polymerase chain reaction, compared to normal uterus myometrium. Then we observed the potential effects of miR-197 overexpression on human uterus leiomyoma cells by cell counting kit 8, wound healing assay, and flow cytometric assessment separately. RESULTS The data showed that miR-197 could inhibit cell proliferation, induce cell apoptosis, and block cell migration in vitro. Coincidently, levonorgestrel (LNG), a well-known uterus leiomyoma therapy, could induce miR-197 expression in human uterus leiomyoma cells, and over-expression of miR-197 showed a synergy effect on human uterus leiomyoma cell proliferation and apoptosis with LNG. CONCLUSION In this study, the data showed that miR-197 could play an anti-oncogenic role in human uterus leiomyoma cells, and cooperate with LNG on the cell proliferation and apoptosis, which suggested that miR-197 might be a potential target and provided database for clinical treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Wu
- Department of Women Health Care, Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210004, China
| | - Jing Ling
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of South-East University, Jiangyin 214400, China
| | - Ziyi Fu
- Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Medical Institute, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210004, China
| | - Chenbo Ji
- Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Medical Institute, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210004, China
| | - Jiangping Wu
- Department of Women Health Care, Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210004, China
| | - Qing Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
He S, Zeng S, Zhou ZW, He ZX, Zhou SF. Hsa-microRNA-181a is a regulator of a number of cancer genes and a biomarker for endometrial carcinoma in patients: a bioinformatic and clinical study and the therapeutic implication. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2015; 9:1103-75. [PMID: 25733820 PMCID: PMC4342183 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s73551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The aberrant expression of human microRNA-181a-1 (hsa-miR-181a) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various cancers, serving as an oncogene or a tumor suppressor. However, the role of hsa-miR-181a in the pathogenesis of endometrial carcinoma (EC) and its clinical significance are unclear. This study aimed to search for the molecular targets of hsa-miR-181a using bioinformatic tools and then determine the expression levels of hsa-miR-181a in normal, hyperplasia, and EC samples from humans. To predict the targets of hsa-miR-181a, ten different algorithms were used, including miRanda-mirSVR, DIANA microT v5.0, miRDB, RNA22 v2, TargetMiner, TargetScan 6.2, PicTar, MicroCosm Targets v5, and miRWALK. Two algorithms, TarBase 6.0 and miRTarBase, were used to identify the validated targets of hsa-miR-181a-5p (a mature product of hsa-miR-181a), and the web-based Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) 6.7 was used to provide biological functional interpretation of the validated targets of hsa-miR-181a-5p. A total of 78 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue specimens from 65 patients and 13 healthy subjects were collected and examined, including normal endometrium (n=13), endometrial hyperplasia (n=18), and EC (37 type I and 10 type II EC cases). Our bioinformatic studies have showed that hsa-miR-181a might regulate a large number of target genes that are important in the regulation of critical cell processes, such as cell fate, cell survival, metabolism, and cell death. To date, 313 targets of hsa-miR-181a have been validated, and 22 of these targets are cancer genes. The precision of predictions by all the algorithms for hsa-miR-181a-1’s targets was low. Many of these genes are involved in tumorigenesis of various cancers, including EC, based on the DAVID and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis. In comparison with normal endometrial tissue, the expression level of hsa-miR-181a was significantly increased in type I and type II EC (P<0.05), and type II EC exhibited a significant higher expression level of hsa-miR-181a than that in type I EC (P<0.05). In addition, there was a significant increase in the expression level of hsa-miR-181a in type II EC compared with endometrial hyperplasia (P<0.05). Taken together, these results suggest that hsa-miR-181a may serve as an oncogene in endometrial tumorigenesis and that hsa-miR-181a might be used as a new biomarker in the prediction of prognosis of EC in clinical practice. More functional and mechanistic studies are needed to validate the role of hsa-miR-181a in the development, progression, and metastasis of EC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuming He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xiaolan People's Hospital affiliated to Southern Medical University, Zhongshan, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shumei Zeng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xiaolan People's Hospital affiliated to Southern Medical University, Zhongshan, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Wei Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA ; Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Center and Sino-US Joint Laboratory for Medical Sciences, Guiyang Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Xu He
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Center and Sino-US Joint Laboratory for Medical Sciences, Guiyang Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Feng Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA ; Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Center and Sino-US Joint Laboratory for Medical Sciences, Guiyang Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Qiu ZL, Shen CT, Song HJ, Wei WJ, Luo QY. Differential expression profiling of circulation microRNAs in PTC patients with non-131I and 131I-avid lungs metastases: a pilot study. Nucl Med Biol 2015; 42:499-504. [PMID: 25682061 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2015.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Loss of the ability to concentrate (131)I is one of the important causes of radioiodine-refractory disease in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Recent advantages of serum microRNAs (miRNAs) open a new realm of possibilities for noninvasive diagnosis and prognosis of many cancers. The aim of the current study was to identify differential expression profiling of circulation miRNAs in PTC patients with non-(131)I and (131)I-avid lungs metastases. METHODS The expressions of miRNAs were examined using miRNA microarray chip. The most significantly changed miRNAs from microarray were verified by using qRT-PCR. The potential miRNAs regulating target genes and their preliminary biological functions were forecasted by Bioinformatic analysis. RESULTS Compared to (131)I-avid lung metastases, 13 kinds of significantly differential serum miRNAs including 5 upregulated miRNAs (miR-1249, miR-106a, miR-503, miR-34c-5p, miR-1281) and 8 downregulated miRNAs (miR-1915, miR-2861, miR-3196, miR-500, miR-572, miR-33b, miR-554, miR-18a) in PTC patients with non-(131) I-avid lung metastases were identified. Bioinformatic analysis demonstrated that miR-106a was the core miRNA regulating 193 genes in the network. The results of validation confirmed the up-regulation of miR-106a in non-(131)I-avid lungs metastatic PTC patients. CONCLUSION Differentially expressed serum miRNA profiles between PTC patients with non-(131)I and (131)I-avid lungs metastases were analyzed. These findings in our present study could represent new clues for the diagnostic and therapeutic strategy in PTC patients with non-(131)I-avid metastatic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Ling Qiu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen-Tian Shen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Jun Song
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Jun Wei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan-Yong Luo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
The clinical relevance of the miR-197/CKS1B/STAT3-mediated PD-L1 network in chemoresistant non-small-cell lung cancer. Mol Ther 2015; 23:717-27. [PMID: 25597412 PMCID: PMC4395779 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2015.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) has recently gained considerable attention for its role in tumor immune escape. Here, we identify a miR-197/CKS1B/STAT3-mediated PD-L1 network in chemoresistant non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), independent of immunoinhibitory signals. miR-197 is downregulated in platinum-resistant NSCLC specimens, resulting in the promotion of chemoresistance, tumorigenicity, and pulmonary metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistic investigations reveal that a miR-197-mediated CKS1B/STAT3 axis exerts tumor progression regulated by various oncogenic genes (Bcl-2, c-Myc, and cyclin D1), and PD-L1 is a putative biomarker of this axis. Furthermore, we demonstrate that a miR-197 mimic sensitizes PD-L1high drug-resistant cells to chemotherapy. These results indicate that the biological interaction between PD-L1 and chemoresistance occurs through the microRNA regulatory cascade. More importantly, expression levels of miR-197 are inversely correlated with PD-L1 expression (n = 177; P = 0.026) and are associated with worse overall survival (P = 0.015). Our discoveries suggest that the miR-197/CKS1B/STAT3-mediated network can drive tumor PD-L1 expression as a biomarker of this cascade, and miR-197 replacement therapy may be a potential treatment strategy for chemoresistant NSCLC.
Collapse
|
75
|
Singh PK, Preus L, Hu Q, Yan L, Long MD, Morrison CD, Nesline M, Johnson CS, Koochekpour S, Kohli M, Liu S, Trump DL, Sucheston-Campbell LE, Campbell MJ. Serum microRNA expression patterns that predict early treatment failure in prostate cancer patients. Oncotarget 2015; 5:824-40. [PMID: 24583788 PMCID: PMC3996656 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to identify microRNA (miRNA) expression patterns in the serum of prostate cancer (CaP) patients that predict the risk of early treatment failure following radical prostatectomy (RP). Microarray and Q-RT-PCR analyses identified 43 miRNAs as differentiating disease stages within 14 prostate cell lines and reflectedpublically available patient data. 34 of these miRNA were detectable in the serum of CaP patients. Association with time to biochemical progression was examined in a cohort of CaP patients following RP. A greater than two-fold increase in hazard of biochemical progression associated with altered expression of miR-103, miR-125b and miR-222 (p <.0008) in the serum of CaP patients. Prediction models based on penalized regression analyses showed that the levels of the miRNAs and PSA together were better at detecting false positives than models without miRNAs, for similar level of sensitivity. Analyses of publically available data revealed significant and reciprocal relationships between changes in CpG methylation and miRNA expression patterns suggesting a role for CpG methylation to regulate miRNA. Exploratory validation supported roles for miR-222 and miR-125b to predict progression risk in CaP. The current study established that expression patterns of serum-detectable miRNAs taken at the time of RP are prognostic for men who are at risk of experiencing subsequent early biochemical progression. These non-invasive approaches could be used to augment treatment decisions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prashant K Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
76
|
Suresh R, Sethi S, Ali S, Giorgadze T, Sarkar FH. Differential Expression of MicroRNAs in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma and Their Role in Racial Disparity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 7:145-154. [PMID: 26380656 PMCID: PMC4570618 DOI: 10.4172/1948-5956.1000340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Objective MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known to play important roles in the diagnosis and prognosis of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), and they are useful in developing targeted therapies. However, there have been no studies on the existence of racial differences in miRNAs expression that could explain differential overall survival of PTC patients. Expression analysis of miRNAs in major racial groups would be important for optimizing personalized treatment strategies. In the current study, we assessed the differential expression of 8 miRNAs between normal and tumor tissues, and also assessed racial differences between African American (AA) and Caucasian American (CA). Methods First, the miRNA expression profiling was performed using formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue sections of tumor containing over 70% tumor cells. Normal and tumor sections of thyroid tissues were studied from AA and CA patients. The miRNA microarray profiling was done using miRBase version 18 (LC Sciences, Houston, TX, USA). Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to validate expression of 8 selected miRNAs. Results Ingenuity pathway analysis showed involvement of target genes, such as Ras and NF-κB. Deregulated miRNAs such as miR-221 and miR-31 were found to be statistically significant between the two races. Using qRT-PCR, we found that miR-21, miR-146b, miR-221, miR-222, miR-31, and miR-3613 were up-regulated while miR-138 and miR-98 were down-regulated in tumors compared to normal tissues. Conclusion Though sample size was small, we found several deregulated miRNAs having racial differences. The differential expression of miRNAs suggest that these miRNAs and their target genes could be useful to gain further mechanistic insight of PTC and their clinical implications, including miRNA replacement therapy or their knockdown strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raagini Suresh
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Seema Sethi
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Shadan Ali
- Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Tamar Giorgadze
- Weill Cornell Medical College-Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Fazlul H Sarkar
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA ; Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
|
78
|
Lee YS, Lim YS, Lee JC, Wang SG, Park HY, Kim SY, Lee BJ. Differential expression levels of plasma-derived miR-146b and miR-155 in papillary thyroid cancer. Oral Oncol 2015; 51:77-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
79
|
Gordon BL, Finnerty BM, Aronova A, Fahey TJ. Genomic medicine for cancer diagnosis. J Surg Oncol 2015; 111:24-30. [DOI: 10.1002/jso.23778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin L. Gordon
- Research Fellow, Department of Surgery; Weill Cornell Medical College/New York Presbyterian Hospital; NY New York
| | - Brendan M. Finnerty
- Research Fellow, Department of Surgery; Weill Cornell Medical College/New York Presbyterian Hospital; NY New York
| | - Anna Aronova
- Research Fellow, Department of Surgery; Weill Cornell Medical College/New York Presbyterian Hospital; NY New York
| | - Thomas J. Fahey
- Chief of Endocrine Surgery and Professor of Surgery, Department of Surgery; Weill Cornell Medical College/New York Presbyterian Hospital; NY New York
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Shen L, Wan Z, Ma Y, Wu L, Liu F, Zang H, Xin S. The clinical utility of microRNA-21 as novel biomarker for diagnosing human cancers. Tumour Biol 2014; 36:1993-2005. [PMID: 25431259 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2806-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With cancer being a major cause of death worldwide, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been investigated as novel and non-invasive biomarkers for cancer diagnosis. Recently, microRNA-21 (miR-21) attracts much attention for its aberrant expression and has been widely studied in various cancers. However, the inconsistent results from studies make it hard to evaluate the diagnostic value of miR-21 in cancer diagnosis, which lead us to conduct this meta-analysis. We conducted a comprehensive literature search in the Medline, Embase, PubMed, CNKI, and Web of Science before July 1, 2014. STATA 12.0 software was used for calculation and statistical analysis. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratio (PLR, NLR), and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) were used to assess the diagnostic performance of miR-21 for cancers. Seventy-three studies in 60 articles were involved in this meta-analysis, with a total of 4684 patients with cancer and 3108 controls. The overall parameters were calculated from all the included studies: sensitivity of 0.78 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.74-0.81), specificity of 0.83 (95% CI 0.80-0.86), PLR of 4.5 (95% CI 3.8-5.4), NLR of 0.27 (95% CI 0.23-0.32); DOR of 17 (95% CI 12-23), and area under the curve (AUC) of 0.88 (95% CI 0.84-0.90). In addition, we performed subgroup analyses based on ethnicity, cancer types, and sample types. Results from subgroup analysis showed that cancer types and sample types were the sources of heterogeneity in our meta-analysis. The overall diagnostic value of miR-21 is not very high for cancer diagnosis; however, it is affected significantly by the types of cancer and specimen. MiR-21 has a relatively high diagnostic value for detecting breast cancer, and miR-21 assays based on plasma, serum, and tissue achieved relatively higher accuracy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Shen
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, China, 100853
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
81
|
Lee JC, Gundara JS, Glover A, Serpell J, Sidhu SB. MicroRNA expression profiles in the management of papillary thyroid cancer. Oncologist 2014; 19:1141-7. [PMID: 25323484 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2014-0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the major contributor to the dramatically increasing incidence of thyroid cancer. Low-risk PTC shows the most rapid rate of increase because of changing trends in neck imaging and the use of fine needle aspiration to investigate thyroid nodules. The need for a paradigm shift in the management of these patients, to provide personalized treatment and surveillance plans, has led to the focus on molecular biomarker research. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) compose a class of molecules with promising applications for every stage of PTC management, including diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, and surveillance. Although most of the miRNA studies are currently preclinical, given the rapid progress of scientific discovery, clinical trials will not be far away. Thyroid clinicians will be expected to have good insights into the current status of PTC-related molecular translational research. This article focuses on the potential roles of miRNA in PTC management in the context of contemporary recommended clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James C Lee
- Department of Surgery, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Endocrine Surgery Unit, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Endocrine Surgical Unit, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Justin S Gundara
- Department of Surgery, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Endocrine Surgery Unit, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Endocrine Surgical Unit, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anthony Glover
- Department of Surgery, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Endocrine Surgery Unit, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Endocrine Surgical Unit, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jonathan Serpell
- Department of Surgery, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Endocrine Surgery Unit, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Endocrine Surgical Unit, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stan B Sidhu
- Department of Surgery, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Endocrine Surgery Unit, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Endocrine Surgical Unit, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Abstract
Thyroid nodules are common, and the accurate diagnosis of cancer or benign disease is important for the effective clinical management of patients. Molecular markers are a helpful diagnostic tool, particularly for cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules. In the past few years, significant progress has been made in developing molecular markers for clinical use in fine-needle aspiration specimens, including gene mutation panels and gene expression classifiers. With the availability of next generation sequencing technology, gene mutation panels can be expanded to interrogate multiple genes simultaneously and to provide yet more accurate diagnostic information. In addition, recently several new molecular markers of thyroid cancer have been identified that offer diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic information that might be of value in guiding individualized management of patients with thyroid nodules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan J Hsiao
- Division of Molecular and Genomic PathologyDepartment of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3477 Euler Way, Room 8031, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Yuri E Nikiforov
- Division of Molecular and Genomic PathologyDepartment of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3477 Euler Way, Room 8031, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Du W, Elemento O. Cancer systems biology: embracing complexity to develop better anticancer therapeutic strategies. Oncogene 2014; 34:3215-25. [PMID: 25220419 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The transformation of normal cells into cancer cells and maintenance of the malignant state and phenotypes are associated with genetic and epigenetic deregulations, altered cellular signaling responses and aberrant interactions with the microenvironment. These alterations are constantly evolving as tumor cells face changing selective pressures induced by the cells themselves, the microenvironment and drug treatments. Tumors are also complex ecosystems where different, sometime heterogeneous, subclonal tumor populations and a variety of nontumor cells coexist in a constantly evolving manner. The interactions between molecules and between cells that arise as a result of these alterations and ecosystems are even more complex. The cancer research community is increasingly embracing this complexity and adopting a combination of systems biology methods and integrated analyses to understand and predictively model the activity of cancer cells. Systems biology approaches are helping to understand the mechanisms of tumor progression and design more effective cancer therapies. These approaches work in tandem with rapid technological advancements that enable data acquisition on a broader scale, with finer accuracy, higher dimensionality and higher throughput than ever. Using such data, computational and mathematical models help identify key deregulated functions and processes, establish predictive biomarkers and optimize therapeutic strategies. Moving forward, implementing patient-specific computational and mathematical models of cancer will significantly improve the specificity and efficacy of targeted therapy, and will accelerate the adoption of personalized and precision cancer medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Du
- Laboratory of Cancer Systems Biology, Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Computational Biomedicine and Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - O Elemento
- Laboratory of Cancer Systems Biology, Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Computational Biomedicine and Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Patel HH, Goyal N, Goldenberg D. Imaging, genetic testing, and biomarker assessment of follicular cell-derived thyroid cancer. Ann Med 2014; 46:409-16. [PMID: 24987865 DOI: 10.3109/07853890.2014.923739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid carcinoma is the most common endocrine malignancy worldwide, and its incidence continues to increase. As such the approach to a recently identified thyroid nodule is important to understand. The relevant imaging, examination, and need for fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNA) are discussed. In approximately 25% of nodules, the diagnosis cannot be established with FNA-based cytology, and surgical excision is necessary for definitive diagnosis. Recent advances in genetic and molecular testing may increase the diagnostic accuracy of FNA in managing thyroid nodules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hetal H Patel
- Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery , Hershey, Pennsylvania , USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
85
|
Addati T, Achille G, Centrone M, Petroni S, Popescu O, Russo S, Grammatica L, Simone G. TROP-2 expression in papillary thyroid cancer: a preliminary cyto-histological study. Cytopathology 2014; 26:303-11. [DOI: 10.1111/cyt.12196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Addati
- Anatomic Pathology Unit; National Cancer Research Centre Istituto Tumori ‘Giovanni Paolo II’; Bari Italy
| | - G. Achille
- Otorhinolaryngology Unit; National Cancer Research Centre Istituto Tumori ‘Giovanni Paolo II’; Bari Italy
| | - M. Centrone
- Anatomic Pathology Unit; National Cancer Research Centre Istituto Tumori ‘Giovanni Paolo II’; Bari Italy
| | - S. Petroni
- Anatomic Pathology Unit; National Cancer Research Centre Istituto Tumori ‘Giovanni Paolo II’; Bari Italy
| | - O. Popescu
- Anatomic Pathology Unit; National Cancer Research Centre Istituto Tumori ‘Giovanni Paolo II’; Bari Italy
| | - S. Russo
- Otorhinolaryngology Unit; National Cancer Research Centre Istituto Tumori ‘Giovanni Paolo II’; Bari Italy
| | - L. Grammatica
- Otorhinolaryngology Unit; National Cancer Research Centre Istituto Tumori ‘Giovanni Paolo II’; Bari Italy
| | - G. Simone
- Anatomic Pathology Unit; National Cancer Research Centre Istituto Tumori ‘Giovanni Paolo II’; Bari Italy
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
Najafian A, Zeiger MA. Role of molecular diagnostic markers in the management of indeterminate and suspicious thyroid nodules. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINE ONCOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.2217/ije.13.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Incidental thyroid nodules are commonly found during routine neck examination. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) followed by cytological examination is currently considered as the most reliable method for evaluation of thyroid nodules. However, 10–40% of FNA results are inconclusive, and are reported as indeterminate or suspicious. Approximately 20% of indeterminate or suspicious nodules are malignant. Therefore, there has been an increasing trend in use of molecular markers as an adjunctive measure for more accurate preoperative diagnosis of indeterminate or suspicious nodules. Molecular markers can be used alone or as a part of molecular panels. Although some investigations revealed promising findings regarding the potential use of molecular markers in the management of thyroid nodules, their true impact on management of patients with indeterminate nodules is still unclear.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Najafian
- Department of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Martha A Zeiger
- Department of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
|
88
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To summarize the latest developments in the use of molecular diagnostic testing in cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules. RECENT FINDINGS The majority of nodules with fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) results that are classified as indeterminate (i.e., atypia of undetermined significance/lesion of undetermined significance, follicular neoplasm, and suspicious for malignancy) are histologically benign. Improvements in diagnostic discrimination can potentially be achieved with immunocytochemical analysis for candidate protein markers such as galectin-3, or analysis of differential microRNA expression patterns although larger prospective validation studies are still needed. After large-scale gene expression analysis, a marker panel was selected with the goal of optimizing the negative predictive value, and in indeterminate nodules, the panel may be helpful in lowering but not eliminating the risk of cancer. Another panel composed of gene mutations and rearrangements associated with thyroid cancer can improve the specificity and positive predictive value of preoperative FNAB, and better identify cytologically indeterminate nodules with a high risk of cancer. SUMMARY Molecular diagnostic testing improves preoperative risk stratification for nodules that have indeterminate FNAB results. Although currently available tests do not yet have the sensitivity to reliably exclude malignancy altogether, improvements in specificity can be used to guide the extent of initial surgery and clinical management.
Collapse
|
89
|
Diagnostic value of microRNAs in discriminating malignant thyroid nodules from benign ones on fine-needle aspiration samples. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:9343-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2209-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
|
90
|
Gattolliat CH, Le Teuff G, Combaret V, Mussard E, Valteau-Couanet D, Busson P, Bénard J, Douc-Rasy S. Expression of two parental imprinted miRNAs improves the risk stratification of neuroblastoma patients. Cancer Med 2014; 3:998-1009. [PMID: 24931722 PMCID: PMC4303168 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Age at diagnosis, stage, and MYCN amplification are the cornerstones of the risk-stratification score of neuroblastoma that enables defining patients at low- and high risk. Refinement of this stratification is needed to optimize standard treatment and to plan future clinical trials. We investigated whether two parental imprinted miRNAs (miR-487b and miR-516a-5p) may lead to a risk score with a better discrimination. Expression levels of maternal miR-487b and paternal miR-516a-5p were determined using quantitative RT-PCR both for 231 neuroblastoma tumors (derivation set) and 101 independent neuroblastoma tumors (validation set). Survival outcomes were overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Multivariable Cox models were developed from derivation set and their performance evaluated using Akaike's information criterion (AIC) (goodness-of-fit) and time-dependent area under curves (discrimination). The selected model was validated using internal and external validation. The prognostic model including current prognostic factors plus miR-487b, miR-516a-5p, and interaction between two miRNAs was selected. Performance of this model was better in terms of both predictive ability (smallest AIC) and discrimination power (AUC close to 0.70). This model identifies three risk groups: high (3), intermediate (2), and low (1). Hazard ratios (HR) across risk groups were HR2/1 = 6.3 (2.7–14.6), HR3/1 = 14.8 (7.2–30.2) for OS and HR2/1 = 2.8 (1.5–5.4), HR3/1 = 7.2 (3.9–13.4) for DFS. The rank between these three risk groups was maintained and validated when performing internal and external validation. Expression of maternal miR-487b and paternal miR-516a-5p improves the risk stratification. This better discrimination at diagnosis is of clinical utility both for current and future treatments of neuroblastoma patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles-Henry Gattolliat
- CNRS UMR 8126, Université Paris-Sud, Gustave Roussy, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805, Villejuif, France; INSERM UMR 1078, Etablissement Français du Sang, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest, SFR ScInBioS, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Faculté de Médecine, 22 avenue Camille Desmoulins, 29200, Brest, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
91
|
Mon SY, Hodak SP. Molecular diagnostics for thyroid nodules: the current state of affairs. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2014; 43:345-65. [PMID: 24891166 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecl.2014.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Molecular diagnostics offers great promise for the evaluation of cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules. Numerous molecular genetic and immunohistochemical tests have been developed that may be performed on thyroid specimens obtained during standard fine-needle aspiration, some of which may greatly improve diagnostic yield. A sound understanding of the diagnostic performance of these tests, and how they can enhance clinical practice, is important. This article reviews the diagnostic utility of immunohistochemical and molecular testing for the clinical assessment of thyroid nodules, and makes recommendations about how these tests can be integrated into clinical practice for patients with cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sann Yu Mon
- Division of Endocrinology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, BST 1140, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Steven P Hodak
- Division of Endocrinology, Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3601 Fifth Avenue, Suite 587, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
92
|
Wojtas B, Ferraz C, Stokowy T, Hauptmann S, Lange D, Dralle H, Musholt T, Jarzab B, Paschke R, Eszlinger M. Differential miRNA expression defines migration and reduced apoptosis in follicular thyroid carcinomas. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 388:1-9. [PMID: 24631480 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to identify microRNAs (miRs) characteristic for follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) and to define their role in tumorigenesis. A miR-microarray study was conducted to identify miRs differentially expressed between FTCs and their surrounding tissues. Selection was further reinforced by a literature review. Four miRs were selected and confirmed by RT-qPCR: miR-146b, -183, -221 were up-regulated, whereas miR-199b down-regulated in FTCs. The influence of these miRs on cell proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis and migration was studied in HTori and FTC-133 cells. Functional characterization suggests an impact of miR-183 and miR-146b in FTC development. Overexpression of both miRs significantly induces migration. Moreover, overexpression of miR-183 significantly represses apoptosis. MiR-199b and -221 do not have significant effects on proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis or migration in HTori and FTC-133 cells. Our data suggest that miR-146b and miR-183 may influence FTC development through the induction of migration and apoptosis inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Wojtas
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology, M. Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeze AK 15, 44-101 Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Carolina Ferraz
- Division of Endocrinology and Nephrology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 21, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Tomasz Stokowy
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology, M. Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeze AK 15, 44-101 Gliwice, Poland; Systems Engineering Group, Institute of Automatic Control, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Steffen Hauptmann
- Department of Pathology, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Dariusz Lange
- Tumor Pathology Department, M. Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeze AK 15, Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Henning Dralle
- Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Thomas Musholt
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Barbara Jarzab
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology, M. Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeze AK 15, 44-101 Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Ralf Paschke
- Division of Endocrinology and Nephrology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 21, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Markus Eszlinger
- Division of Endocrinology and Nephrology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 21, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
93
|
Dettmer MS, Perren A, Moch H, Komminoth P, Nikiforov YE, Nikiforova MN. MicroRNA profile of poorly differentiated thyroid carcinomas: new diagnostic and prognostic insights. J Mol Endocrinol 2014; 52:181-9. [PMID: 24443580 PMCID: PMC4010646 DOI: 10.1530/jme-13-0266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The diagnosis of conventional and oncocytic poorly differentiated (oPD) thyroid carcinomas is difficult. The aim of this study is to characterise their largely unknown miRNA expression profile and to compare it with well-differentiated thyroid tumours, as well as to identify miRNAs which could potentially serve as diagnostic and prognostic markers. A total of 14 poorly differentiated (PD), 13 oPD, 72 well-differentiated thyroid carcinomas and eight normal thyroid specimens were studied for the expression of 768 miRNAs using PCR-Microarrays. MiRNA expression was different between PD and oPD thyroid carcinomas, demonstrating individual clusters on the clustering analysis. Both tumour types showed upregulation of miR-125a-5p, -15a-3p, -182, -183-3p, -222, -222-5p, and downregulation of miR-130b, -139-5p, -150, -193a-5p, -219-5p, -23b, -451, -455-3p and of miR-886-3p as compared with normal thyroid tissue. In addition, the oPD thyroid carcinomas demonstrated upregulation of miR-221 and miR-885-5p. The difference in expression was also observed between miRNA expression in PD and well-differentiated tumours. The CHAID algorithm allowed the separation of PD from well-differentiated thyroid carcinomas with 73-79% accuracy using miR-23b and miR-150 as a separator. Kaplan-Meier and multivariate analysis showed a significant association with tumour relapses (for miR-23b) and with tumour-specific death (for miR-150) in PD and oPD thyroid carcinomas. MiRNA expression is different in conventional and oPD thyroid carcinomas in comparison with well-differentiated thyroid cancers and can be used for discrimination between these tumour types. The newly identified deregulated miRNAs (miR-150, miR-23b) bear the potential to be used in a clinical setting, delivering prognostic and diagnostic informations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias S. Dettmer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Corresponding author (reprint request): Dr. Matthias S. Dettmer, University of Bern, Institute of Pathology, Murtenstrasse 31, CH – 3010 Bern, Tel.: +41 31 632 8798, Fax: +41 31 632 3211, ,
| | - Aurel Perren
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Holger Moch
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paul Komminoth
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, Triemlispital Zurich, 8063 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yuri E. Nikiforov
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Marina N. Nikiforova
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| |
Collapse
|
94
|
Dai W, Wang C, Wang F, Wang Y, Shen M, Chen K, Cheng P, Zhang Y, Yang J, Zhu R, Zhang H, Li J, Zheng Y, Lu J, Zhou Y, Xu L, Guo C. Anti-miR-197 inhibits migration in HCC cells by targeting KAI 1/CD82. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 446:541-8. [PMID: 24613834 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the metastatic effects and mechanisms of miR-197 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS AND RESULTS The levels of miR-197 increased in HCC cells and tissues compared with a normal hepatic cell line (LO2) and adjacent nontumorous liver tissues, respectively. miR-197 expression negatively correlated with CD82 mRNA expression in these cell lines and tissues. Dual luciferase reporter assay and Western blot confirmed a direct interaction between miR-197 and CD82 3'UTR sequences. After miR-197 was silenced in HCC cells, CD82 expression increased. In the presence of human hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), cells silenced for anti-miR-197 exhibited elongated cellular tails and diminished lamellipodia due to reductions in both ROCK activity and the levels of Rac 1 protein. Downregulation of miR-197 along with the upregulation of CD82 in HCC cells resulted in the inhibition of HCC migration and invasion in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION Taken together, these data suggest that anti-miR-197 suppresses HCC migration and invasion by targeting CD82. The regulation of the miR-197/CD82 axis could be a novel therapeutic target in future HCC effective therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiqi Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengfen Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yugang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tong Ren Hospital, Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Miao Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huawei Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingqun Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tong Ren Hospital, Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Chuanyong Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
95
|
Antitumor effect of miR-197 targeting in p53 wild-type lung cancer. Cell Death Differ 2014; 21:774-82. [PMID: 24488097 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2014.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of tumor-related death. The lack of effective treatments urges the development of new therapeutic approaches able to selectively kill cancer cells. The connection between aberrant microRNA (miRNA - miR) expression and tumor progression suggests a new strategy to fight cancer by interfering with miRNA function. In this regard, LNAs (locked nucleic acids) have proven to be very promising candidates for miRNA neutralization. Here, we employed an LNA-based anti-miR library in a functional screening to identify putative oncogenic miRNAs in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). By screening NIH-H460 and A549 cells, miR-197 was identified as a new functional oncomiR, whose downregulation induces p53-dependent lung cancer cell apoptosis and impairs the capacity to establish tumor xenografts in immunodeficient mice. We further identified the two BH3-only proteins NOXA and BMF as new miR-197 targets responsible for induction of apoptosis in p53 wild-type cells, delineating miR-197 as a key survival factor in NSCLC. Thus, we propose the inhibition of miR-197 as a novel therapeutic approach against lung cancer.
Collapse
|
96
|
|
97
|
Yip L. Use of Molecular Markers for Cytologically Indeterminate Thyroid Nodules to Optimize Surgical Management. CURRENT SURGERY REPORTS 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s40137-013-0035-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
98
|
Abstract
The incidence of thyroid cancer has been increasing all around the world in the past decades. Early detection is one of the keys to reduce the mortality. Currently, fine-needle aspiration (FNA) guides the management of patients with a thyroid nodule. The use of FNA can reduce unnecessary thyroid surgery by twenty-five percent. However, the prevalence of non-diagnostic and indeterminate cytology from FNA is still high, approximately thirty percent. Many biomarkers were developed to differentiate between the benign and malignant thyroid nodule. This review summarizes each diagnostic biomarker of differentiated thyroid cancer. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of individual cytological laboratory need to be considered before implementation of each biomarker. Moreover, follow-up is still mandatory in negative biomarker tests because all genomic and proteomic alterations in thyroid cancer are still unknown.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tada Kunavisarut
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Prannok Road, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand,
| |
Collapse
|
99
|
Keutgen XM, Filicori F, Fahey TJ. Molecular diagnosis for indeterminate thyroid nodules on fine needle aspiration: advances and limitations. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2013; 13:613-23. [PMID: 23895130 DOI: 10.1586/14737159.2013.811893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Indeterminate thyroid lesions are diagnosed in up to 30% of fine needle aspirations. These nodules harbor malignancy in more than 25% of cases, and hemithyroidectomy or total thyroidectomy has therefore been advocated in order to achieve definitive diagnosis. Recently, many molecular markers have been investigated in an attempt to increase diagnostic accuracy of indeterminate fine needle aspiration cytology and thereby avoid unnecessary complications and costs associated with thyroid surgery. Somatic mutation testing, mRNA gene expression platforms, protein immunocytochemistry and miRNA panels have improved the diagnostic accuracy of indeterminate thyroid nodules, and although no test is perfectly accurate, in the authors' opinion, these methods will most certainly become an important part of the diagnostic tools for clinicians and cytopathologists in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xavier M Keutgen
- Department of Surgery, Division of Endocrine Surgery, New York Presbyterian Hospital - Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY 10021, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
100
|
Lee JC, Zhao JT, Clifton-Bligh RJ, Gill A, Gundara JS, Ip JC, Glover A, Sywak MS, Delbridge LW, Robinson BG, Sidhu SB. MicroRNA-222 and microRNA-146b are tissue and circulating biomarkers of recurrent papillary thyroid cancer. Cancer 2013; 119:4358-65. [PMID: 24301304 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.28254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Revised: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) persistence or recurrence and the need for long-term surveillance can cause significant inconvenience and morbidity in patients. Currently, recurrence risk stratification is accomplished by using clinicopathologic factors, and serum thyroglobulin is the only commercially available marker for persistent or recurrent disease. The objective of this study was to determine microRNA (miRNA) expression in PTC and determine whether 1 or more miRNAs could be measured in plasma as a biomarker for recurrence. METHODS Patients with recurrent PTC (Rc-PTC) and those without recurrence (NR-PTC) were retrospectively recruited for a comparison of their tumor miRNA profiles. Patients with either newly diagnosed PTC or multinodular goiter who were undergoing total thyroidectomy were prospectively recruited for an analysis of preoperative and postoperative circulating miRNA levels. Healthy volunteers were recruited as the control group. RESULTS MicroRNA-222 and miR-146b were over-expressed 10.8-fold and 8.9-fold, respectively, in Rc-PTC tumors compared with NR-PTC tumors (P = .014 and P = .038, respectively). In plasma from preoperative PTC patients, levels of miR-222 and miR-146b were higher compared with the levels in plasma from healthy volunteers (P < .01 for both). Reductions of 2.7-fold and 5.1-fold were observed in the plasma levels of miR-222 and miR-146b, respectively, after total thyroidectomy (P = .03 for both). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that tumor levels of miR-222 and miR-146b are associated with PTC recurrence and that miR-222 and miR-146b levels in the circulation correspond to the presence of PTC. The potential of these miRNAs as tumor biomarkers to improve patient stratification according to the risk of recurrence and as circulating biomarkers for PTC surveillance warrants further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James C Lee
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Royal North Shore Hospital and University of Sydney, St. Leonards, New South Wales, Australia; Endocrine Surgical Unit, Royal North Shore Hospital and University of Sydney, St. Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|