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Mervic A, Goricar K, Blagus T, Franko A, Trebusak-Podkrajsek K, Fikfak MD, Dolzan V, Kovac V. Telomere length and TERT polymorphisms as biomarkers in asbestos-related diseases. Radiol Oncol 2024; 58:87-98. [PMID: 38378028 PMCID: PMC10878767 DOI: 10.2478/raon-2024-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asbestos exposure has been proposed as a risk factor for shorter telomere length. The aim of our study was to investigate whether telomere length in leukocytes and hTERT genetic polymorphisms may serve as potential biomarkers for the risk of developing asbestos-related diseases and as biomarkers of progression and chemotherapy response rate in malignant mesothelioma (MM). SUBJECTS AND METHODS We conducted two retrospective studies. In the first study, a case-control study, telomere length and hTERT polymorphisms were determined in patients with MM, subjects with pleural plaques and controls without the asbestos related disease, who were occupationally exposed to asbestos. In the second study, a longitudinal observational study, telomere length was also determined in samples from MM patients before and after chemotherapy. Telomere length was determined by monochromatic multiplex quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), while competitive allele-specific PCR was used to genotype hTERT rs10069690, rs2736100 and rs2736098. Logistic regression and survival analysis were used in statistical analysis. RESULTS Patients with MM had shorter telomere length than subjects with pleural plaques (p < 0.001). After adjustment for age, rs2736098 CT, and rs10069690 TT and CT+TT genotypes were significantly associated with a higher risk of MM (padj = 0.023; padj = 0.026 and padj = 0.017), while rs2736100 AA and CA+AA genotypes conferred to a lower risk for MM compared to all other subjects (padj = 0.017, and padj = 0.026). Telomere length was not associated with a response to chemotherapy (p > 0.05) or time to disease progression (p > 0.05). Carriers of one or two polymorphic rs10069690 T alleles had a good response to chemotherapy (p = 0.039, and p = 0.048), these associations remained statistically significant after adjustment for age (padj = 0.019; padj = 0.017). Carriers of two polymorphic rs2736100 A alleles had a longer time to disease progression (p = 0.038). CONCLUSIONS Shorter telomere length and hTERT polymorphisms may serve as a biomarker for the risk of developing MM. Additionally, rs10069690 and rs2736100 polymorphisms, but not telomere length, were associated with a chemotherapy response or MM progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Mervic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katja Goricar
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tanja Blagus
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Alenka Franko
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Clinical Institute of Occupational Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katarina Trebusak-Podkrajsek
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Clinical Institute for Special Laboratory Diagnostics, University Children’s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Metoda Dodic Fikfak
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Clinical Institute of Occupational Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vita Dolzan
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Viljem Kovac
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Zupanc C, Franko A, Strbac D, Kovac V, Dolzan V, Goricar K. The association of genetic factors with serum calretinin levels in asbestos-related diseases. Radiol Oncol 2023; 57:473-486. [PMID: 38038422 PMCID: PMC10690752 DOI: 10.2478/raon-2023-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asbestos exposure is associated with different asbestos-related diseases, including malignant mesothelioma (MM). MM diagnosis is confirmed with immunohistochemical analysis of several markers, including calretinin. Increased circulating calretinin was also observed in MM. The aim of the study was to determine if CALB2 polymorphisms or polymorphisms in genes that can regulate calretinin expression are associated with serum calretinin levels or MM susceptibility. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The study included 288 MM patients and 616 occupationally asbestos-exposed subjects without MM (153 with asbestosis, 380 with pleural plaques and 83 without asbestos-related disease). Subjects were genotyped for seven polymorphisms in CALB2, E2F2, MIR335, NRF1 and SEPTIN7 genes using competitive allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Serum calretinin was determined with ELISA in 545 subjects. Nonparametric tests, logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Carriers of at least one polymorphic CALB2 rs889704 allele had lower calretinin levels (P = 0.036). Carriers of two polymorphic MIR335 rs3807348 alleles had higher calretinin (P = 0.027), while carriers of at least one polymorphic NRF1 rs13241028 allele had lower calretinin levels (P = 0.034) in subjects without MM. Carriers of two polymorphic E2F2 rs2075995 alleles were less likely to develop MM (odds ratio [OR] = 0.64, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.43-0.96, P = 0.032), but the association was no longer significant after adjustment for age (P = 0.093). Optimal serum calretinin cut-off values differentiating MM patients from other subjects differed according to CALB2, NRF1, E2F2, and MIR335 genotypes. CONCLUSIONS The results of presented study suggest that genetic variability could influence serum calretinin levels. These findings could contribute to a better understanding of calretinin regulation and potentially to earlier MM diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cita Zupanc
- Military Medical Unit-Slovenian Army, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Alenka Franko
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Clinical Institute of Occupational Medicine, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Danijela Strbac
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Viljem Kovac
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vita Dolzan
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katja Goricar
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Vidic Z, Goricar K, Strazisar B, Besic N, Dolzan V. Association of OPRM1, MIR23B, and MIR107 genetic variability with acute pain, chronic pain and adverse effects after postoperative tramadol and paracetamol treatment in breast cancer. Radiol Oncol 2023; 57:111-120. [PMID: 36942908 PMCID: PMC10039478 DOI: 10.2478/raon-2023-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tramadol is an opioid analgesic often used for pain management after breast cancer surgery. Its analgesic activity is due to the activation of the μ-opioid receptor, encoded by the OPRM1 gene. This study investigated the association of genetic variability in OPRM1 and its regulatory miRNA genes with outcomes of tramadol/paracetamol treatment after breast cancer surgery with axillary lymphadenectomy. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study included 113 breast cancer patients after breast cancer surgery with axillary lymphadenectomy treated with either 75/650 mg or 37.5/325 mg of tramadol with paracetamol for pain relief within the randomized clinical trial KCT 04/2015-DORETAonko/si at the Institute of Oncology Ljubljana. All patients were genotyped for OPRM1 rs1799971 and rs677830, MIR23B rs1011784, and MIR107 rs2296616 using competitive allele-specific PCR. The association of genetic factors with acute and chronic pain as well as adverse effects of tramadol treatment was evaluated using logistic regression, Fisher's exact test, and Mann-Whitney test. RESULTS The investigated OPRM1 related polymorphisms were not associated with acute pain assessed with the VAS scale within four weeks after surgery (all P > 0.05). Carriers of at least one polymorphic OPRM1 rs1799971 allele had a higher risk of constipation in the first four weeks after surgery compared to non-carriers (OR = 4.5, 95% CI = 1.6-12.64, P = 0.004). Carriers of at least one polymorphic OPRM1 rs677830 allele had a higher risk of constipation after third week of tramadol treatment (OR = 3.11, 95% CI = 1.08-8.89, P = 0.035). Furthermore, carriers of two polymorphic MIR23B rs1011784 alleles had a higher risk of nausea after 28 days of tramadol treatment (OR = 7.35, 95% CI = 1.27-42.6, P = 0.026), while heterozygotes for MIR107 rs2296616 allele had a lower risk of nausea after 21 days of tramadol treatment (OR = 0.21, 95% CI = 0.05-0.87, P = 0.031). In carriers of two polymorphic MIR107 rs2296616 alleles, chronic pain was significantly more common than in carriers of two wild-type alleles (P = 0.004). Carriers of at least one polymorphic MIR23B rs1011784 allele experienced more neuropathic pain after adjustment for tramadol dose (OR = 2.85, 95% CI = 1.07-7.59, P = 0.036), while carriers of at least one polymorphic OPRM1 rs677830 allele experienced less neuropathic pain compared to carriers of two wild-type alleles (OR = 0.38, 95% CI = 0.15-0.99, P = 0.047). CONCLUSIONS Genetic variability of OPRM1 and genes coding for miRNAs that could affect OPRM1 expression may be associated with adverse effects of tramadol/paracetamol treatment as well as with chronic and neuropathic pain after breast cancer surgery with axillary lymphadenectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zala Vidic
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katja Goricar
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | | | - Vita Dolzan
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Saho R, Dolzan V, Zerjav Tansek M, Pastorakova A, Petrovic R, Knapkova M, Trebusak Podkrajsek K, Suput Omladic J, Bertok S, Avbelj Stefanija M, Kotnik P, Battelino T, Pribilincova Z, Groselj U. Genetic and clinical characteristics including occurrence of testicular adrenal rest tumors in Slovak and Slovenian patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1134133. [PMID: 37008950 PMCID: PMC10064884 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1134133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the mutational spectrum, clinical characteristics, genotype-phenotype correlations, testicular adrenal rests tumor prevalence, and role of neonatal screening in congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) patients from Slovakia and Slovenia. DESIGN AND METHODS Data were obtained from 104 patients with CAH registered in Slovak and Slovenian databases. Low-resolution genotyping was performed to detect the most common point mutations. To detect deletions, conversions, point mutations, or other sequence changes in the CYP21A2 gene, high-resolution genotyping was performed. Genotypes were classified according to residual 21-hydroxylase activity (null, A, B, C). RESULTS 64% of the individuals had the salt-wasting form (SW-CAH), 15% the simple virilizing form (SV-CAH), and 21% the non-classic (NC-CAH). CYP21A2 gene deletion/conversion and c.293-13A/C>G pathogenic variant accounted together for 55.5% of the affected alleles. In SV-CAH p.Ile172Asn was the most common pathogenic variant (28.13%), while in NC-CAH p.Val282Leu (33.33%), CYP21A2 gene deletion/conversion (21.43%), c.293-13A/C>G (14.29%), Pro30Leu (11.90%). The frequency of alleles with multiple pathogenic variants was higher in Slovenian patients (15.83% of all alleles). Severe genotypes (0 and A) correlated well with the expected phenotype (SW in 94.74% and 97.3%), while less severe genotypes (B and C) correlated weaklier (SV in 50% and NC in 70.8%). The median age of SW-CAH patients at the time of diagnosis was 6 days in Slovakia vs. 28.5 days in Slovenia (p=0.01). Most of the Slovak patients in the cohort were detected by NBS. (24 out of 29). TARTs were identified in 7 out of 24 male patients, of whom all (100%) had SW-CAH and all had poor hormonal control. The median age at the diagnosis of TARTs was 13 years. CONCLUSION The study confirmed the importance of neonatal screening, especially in the speed of diagnosis of severe forms of CAH. The prediction of the 21-OH deficiency phenotype was reasonably good in the case of severe pathogenic variants, but less reliable in the case of milder pathogenic variants, which is consistent compared to data from other populations. Screening for TARTs should be realized in all male patients with CAH, since there is possible remission when identified early.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Saho
- Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czechia
- Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Vita Dolzan
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mojca Zerjav Tansek
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolic Diseases, University Children’s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andrea Pastorakova
- Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Biology, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Robert Petrovic
- Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Biology, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Maria Knapkova
- Neonatal Screening Centre (NSC) of SR Banská Bystrica, Children University Hospital (CHUH), Banská Bystrica, Slovakia
| | - Katarina Trebusak Podkrajsek
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Clinical Institute for Special Laboratory Diagnostics, University Children’s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jasna Suput Omladic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolic Diseases, University Children’s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sara Bertok
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolic Diseases, University Children’s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Magdalena Avbelj Stefanija
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolic Diseases, University Children’s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Primoz Kotnik
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolic Diseases, University Children’s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tadej Battelino
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolic Diseases, University Children’s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Zuzana Pribilincova
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, National Institute of Children’s Diseases, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
- *Correspondence: Urh Groselj, ; Zuzana Pribilincova,
| | - Urh Groselj
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolic Diseases, University Children’s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- *Correspondence: Urh Groselj, ; Zuzana Pribilincova,
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Tobias ES, Avram E, Calapod P, Cordier C, den Dunnen JT, Ding C, Dolzan V, Houge SD, Lynch SA, O'Byrne J, Patsalis P, Prokopenko I, Soares CA, Tobias AP, Newman WG. The Role of the European Society of Human Genetics in Delivering Genomic Education. Front Genet 2021; 12:693952. [PMID: 34539735 PMCID: PMC8446627 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.693952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The European Society of Human Genetics (ESHG) was founded in 1967 as a professional organisation for members working in genetics in clinical practice, research and education. The Society seeks the integration of scientific research and its implementation into clinical practice and the education of specialists and the public in all areas of medical and human genetics. The Society works to do this through many approaches, including educational sessions at the annual conference; training courses in general and specialist areas of genetics; an online resource of educational materials (EuroGEMS); and a mentorship scheme. The ESHG Education Committee is implementing new approaches to expand the reach of its educational activities and portfolio. With changes in technology, appreciation of the utility of genomics in healthcare and the public's and patients' increased awareness of the role of genomics, this review will summarise how the ESHG is adapting to deliver innovative educational activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward S Tobias
- Academic Unit of Medical Genetics and Clinical Pathology, Laboratory Medicine Building, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.,School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.,Clinical Genetics, West of Scotland Centre for Genomic Medicine, Laboratory Medicine Bldg., NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Avram
- MedLife, Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, Sibiu, Romania
| | | | | | - Johan T den Dunnen
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Can Ding
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Vita Dolzan
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sofia Douzgou Houge
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Saint Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Sally Ann Lynch
- Clinical Genetics, Children's Health Ireland at Crumlin and Temple Street, Dublin, Ireland
| | - James O'Byrne
- National Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Philippos Patsalis
- NIPD Genetics Limited, Nicosia, Cyprus.,Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Inga Prokopenko
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom.,Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Celia A Soares
- Centro de Genética Médica Jacinto Magalhães, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar/Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Adam P Tobias
- Edinburgh Medical School, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - William G Newman
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Saint Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Besic N, Goricar K, Vidic Z, Strazisar B, Dolzan V. Association of OPRM1, MIR23B, and MIR107 genetic variability with acute and chronic pain after postoperative tramadol treatment in breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.e24052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
e24052 Background: Tramadol is an opioid analgesic often used for pain management after axillary lymph node dissection in breast cancer. It exerts its analgesic activity through activation of the G protein-coupled µ-opioid receptor, encoded by the OPRM1 gene. Genetic factors that may modify activity or expression of OPRM1 could thus affect the efficacy of tramadol treatment. This study investigated the association of genetic variability of OPRM1 and genes coding for miRNAs regulating OPRM1 expression with pain management in breast cancer patients treated with tramadol after surgery. Methods: The study included 113 breast cancer patients treated with either 75 or 37.5 mg of tramadol for pain relief after breast cancer surgery within the randomized clinical trial KCT 04/2015-DORETAonko/si at Institute of Oncology Ljubljana. All patients were genotyped for OPRM1 rs1799971 and rs677830, MIR23B rs1011784 and MIR107 rs2296616 using competitive allele-specific PCR. The association of genetic factors with acute and chronic pain was evaluated using logistic regression, Fisher’s exact test and Mann-Whitney test. Results: The investigated OPRM1 related genetic factors were not associated with acute pain measured using VAS scale within four weeks after surgery, even after adjustment for tramadol dose (all P > 0.05). One year after surgery, 21 (21.1%) patients experienced chronic pain and 25 (25.3%) experienced neuropathic pain. In carriers of two polymorphic MIR107 rs2296616 alleles, chronic pain was significantly more common compared to carriers of two wild-type alleles (35.3% compared to 0% of patients, P = 0.004). Carriers of at least one polymorphic MIR23B rs1011784 allele experienced more neuropathic pain compared to carriers of two wild-type alleles after adjustment for tramadol dose (OR = 2.85, 95% CI = 1.07-7.59, P = 0.036). Conclusions: Genetic variability of miRNAs that could affect OPRM1 expression may be associated with chronic pain in breast cancer patients treated with postoperative tramadol.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katja Goricar
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Zala Vidic
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Vita Dolzan
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Besic N, Goricar K, Piber P, Vavpetic N, Dolzan V, Strazisar B. Matrix metalloproteinases 9 and 14 polymorphisms and long-term complications in surgically treated breast cancer patients. J Clin Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.e24074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
e24074 Background: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc-containing endopeptidases that are involved in tissue remodeling. They can regulate interactions of cells with extracellular matrix and can play a role in wound healing. High levels of metalloproteinases have been correlated with significantly delayed wound healing in wounds of a variety of etiologies. The aim of our present study was to evaluate the association of MMP9 and MMP14 genetic polymorphisms with long-term complications of surgical treatment in breast cancer patients. Methods: The study included 99 breast cancer patients treated with either 75 or 37.5 mg of tramadol for pain relief after axillary breast cancer surgery as part of a randomized clinical trial KCT 04/2015-DORETAonko/si at Institute of Oncology Ljubljana. All patients were genotyped for MMP9 polymorphisms rs2250889, rs17577, rs17576, and rs20544 as well as MMP14 rs1042703, rs1042704, and rs743257. The association of genetic factors with long-term complications was evaluated using logistic regression. Results: One year after surgery, 24 (24.2%) patients had lymphedema, 25 (25.3%) experienced neuropathic pain and 21 (21.1%) experienced chronic pain. Carriers of polymorphic MMP9 rs2250889 allele experienced significantly more lymphedema compared to carriers of two wild-type alleles (OR = 3.45, 95% CI = 1.10-10.84, P = 0.034), even after adjustment for tramadol dose (OR = 3.76, 95% CI = 1.16-12.18, P = 0.027). Carriers of polymorphic MMP14 rs1042704 allele experienced more neuropathic pain compared to carriers of two wild-type alleles (OR = 3.21, 95% CI = 1.26-8.20, P = 0.015), even after adjustment for tramadol dose (OR = 3.80, 95% CI = 1.42-10.17, P = 0.008). Conclusions: MMP genetic variability was associated with long-term complications after axillary surgery in breast cancer patients, suggesting that MMPs may have an important role as modulators of wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katja Goricar
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Petra Piber
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Neza Vavpetic
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vita Dolzan
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Chalikiopoulou C, Bizjan BJ, Leventopoulos G, Smaili K, Blagus T, Menti A, Liopetas J, John A, Ali BR, Dolzan V, Hahalis GN, Patrinos GP, Katsila T. Multiomics Analysis Coupled with Text Mining Identify Novel Biomarker Candidates for Recurrent Cardiovascular Events. OMICS 2020; 24:205-215. [PMID: 32176569 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2019.0216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Recurrent cardiovascular events remain an enigma that accounts for >30% of deaths worldwide. While heredity and human genetics variation play a key role, host-environment interactions offer a sound conceptual framework to dissect the molecular basis of recurrent cardiovascular events from genes and proteins to metabolites, thus accounting for environmental contributions as well. We report here a multiomics systems science approach so as to map interindividual variability in susceptibility to recurrent cardiovascular events. First, we performed data and text mining through a mixed-methods content analysis to select genomic variants, 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms, and microRNAs (miR-10a, miR-21, and miR-20a), minimizing bias in candidate marker selection. Next, we validated our in silico data in a patient cohort suffering from recurrent cardiovascular events (a cross-sectional study design and sampling). Our findings report a key role in low-density lipoprotein clearance for rs11206510 (p < 0.01) and rs515135 (p < 0.05). miR-10a (p < 0.05) was significantly associated with heart failure, while increased expression levels for miR-21 and miR-20a associated with atherosclerosis. In addition, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based (LC-MS-based) proteomics analyses identified that vascular diameter and cholesterol levels are among the key factors to be considered in recurrent cardiovascular events. From a methodology innovation standpoint, this study offers a strategy to enhance the signal-to-noise ratios in mapping novel biomarker candidates wherein each research and conceptual step were interrogated for their validity and in turn, enriched one another, ideally translating information growth to knowledge growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Barbara Jenko Bizjan
- Unit of Special Laboratory Diagnostics, University Children's Hospital, UMC, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Kalliopi Smaili
- Department of Cardiology, Patras University Hospital Rio, Patras, Greece
| | - Tanja Blagus
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ariadni Menti
- Department of Cardiology, Patras University Hospital Rio, Patras, Greece
| | - John Liopetas
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Anne John
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bassam R Ali
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Vita Dolzan
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - George N Hahalis
- Department of Cardiology, Patras University Hospital Rio, Patras, Greece
| | - George P Patrinos
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.,Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates.,Zayed Center of Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Theodora Katsila
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.,Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Centre, Athens, Greece
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9
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Jensterle M, Kravos NA, Ferjan S, Goricar K, Dolzan V, Janez A. Long-term efficacy of metformin in overweight-obese PCOS: longitudinal follow-up of retrospective cohort. Endocr Connect 2020; 9:44-54. [PMID: 31829964 PMCID: PMC6993269 DOI: 10.1530/ec-19-0449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Long-term efficacy of metformin in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) apart from in those with impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes remains unproven. We aimed to evaluate the impact of metformin in overweight-obese patients with PCOS and normal baseline glycemic homeostasis. METHODS A 10-year longitudinal follow-up of a retrospective cohort comprising 159 patients with PCOS defined by Rotterdam criteria, BMI ≥25 kg/m2 and normal initial glucose homeostasis (age 28.4 ± 6.4 years, BMI 34.9 ± 6.6 kg/m2) that had been receiving metformin 1000 mg BID. Collection data contained 6085 time-points including anthropometric, hormonal and metabolic parameters. RESULTS After the first year body mass (BM) decreased for 3.9 ± 6.8 kg (P < 0.001) and remained stable during the following 3 years. Menstrual frequency (MF) increased to 3.0 ± 3.9 bleeds/year (P < 0.001) after first year to over 11 bleeds/year in the following years. The total testosterone and androstenedione decreased to 15.4 ± 47.9% and 11.3 ± 46.4% within first year, with further decrease in total testosterone and androstenedione to 37.8 ± 61.8 and 24.8 ± 40.5% at the fifth year of the follow-up. The total conversion rate to prediabetes and diabetes was extremely low throughout observation period. Less than 25% of patients continued with metformin for more than 5 years with further dropout to only 6% on metformin therapy at the tenth year of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Long-term metformin treatment of overweight-obese women with PCOS and normal baseline glycemic homeostasis resulted in reduction and stabilization of BM, improvements of MF and androgen profile and low conversion rate to diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojca Jensterle
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nika Aleksandra Kravos
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Simona Ferjan
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katja Goricar
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vita Dolzan
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andrej Janez
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Correspondence should be addressed to A Janez:
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10
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Ferjan S, Jensterle M, Oblak T, Zitnik IP, Marc J, Goricar K, Dolzan V, Janez A. An impaired glucagon-like peptide-1 response is associated with prediabetes in polycystic ovary syndrome with obesity. J Int Med Res 2019; 47:4691-4700. [PMID: 31438749 PMCID: PMC6833370 DOI: 10.1177/0300060519865351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Impaired glucose homeostasis in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with obesity, age, and disease phenotype. This study aimed to investigate the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) response in patients with obesity and PCOS with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) or prediabetes. Methods Twenty-six women with obesity and PCOS were included. Thirteen women had NGT and 13 had prediabetes. Serum glucose, insulin, and GLP-1 levels were measured during an oral glucose tolerance test. Beta-cell function and insulin resistance were determined. Results Women with prediabetes had significantly lower GLP-1 levels than did those with NGT after a glucose load. GLP-1 levels <3.02 pM at 120 minutes were associated with prediabetes. Women with prediabetes had a lower oral glucose insulin sensitivity (OGIS) index and greater amount of visceral adipose tissue than did those with NGT. Plasma GLP-1 levels at 120 minutes were correlated with visceral adiposity and the OGIS index. A change in GLP-1 levels was correlated with a family history of type 2 diabetes. Conclusion The GLP-1 response is lower in patients with obesity, PCOS, and prediabetes than in those with obesity, PCOS, and NGT. Further investigation of the GLP-1 response as a potential separate risk factor for prediabetes in PCOS is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Ferjan
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Centre, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.,University of Ljubljana Faculty of Medicine, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mojca Jensterle
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Centre, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.,University of Ljubljana Faculty of Medicine, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tjasa Oblak
- University of Ljubljana Faculty of Medicine, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Janja Marc
- University of Ljubljana Faculty of Pharmacy, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katja Goricar
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vita Dolzan
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andrej Janez
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Centre, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.,University of Ljubljana Faculty of Medicine, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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11
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Marinko T, Goricar K, Dolzan V. HIF1A genetic variability and late adverse events of radiotherapy in breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.e12069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
e12069 Background: Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are transcription factors that play an important part in the regulation of various cell processes involved in carcinogenesis such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Additionally, hypoxia could influence response to radiotherapy and radiation was shown to stabilize HIF-1α and affect release of cytokines. Previous studies have already shown that HIF1A genetic variability may modify cancer susceptibility, but data on its influence on treatment response are scarce. As nicotine induces HIF-1α expression, smoking could also modify treatment response. Our aim was to evaluate the association of common functional HIF1A rs11549465 polymorphism and smoking with late adverse events of radiotherapy in breast cancer patients. Methods: Our pilot retrospective study included 92 HER2-positive early breast cancer patients treated with adjuvant radiotherapy between 2005 and 2011. We isolated DNA from buccal swabs and genotyped all patients for HIF1A rs11549465 using competitive allele-specific PCR. Association of polymorphisms with adverse events and interaction with smoking was evaluated using logistic regression. Results: Median follow-up after radiotherapy was 4.2 (2.6-5.5) years. Overall, 30 (32.6%) patients reported late adverse events according to LENT-SOMA criteria, and 11 (12.0%) experienced skin toxicity according to CTCAE v.4.0 (Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events). Only 15 (16.3%) of patients were smokers. Minor allele frequency of HIF1A rs11549465 was 0.07. The studied polymorphism was not associated with late adverse events (OR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.18-3.06, P = 0.688) or late skin toxicity (OR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.08-6.15, P = 0.756) in our cohort of patients. We also observed no interaction between smoking, HIF1A genetic variability and late adverse events of radiotherapy. Conclusions: HIF1A rs11549465 was not associated with late adverse events of radiotherapy even if smoking was taken into account in our cohort of breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Marinko
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katja Goricar
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vita Dolzan
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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12
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Besic N, Goricar K, Jeriha J, Dolzan V, Strazisar B. Genetic variability of tramadol pharmacokinetic genes and pain treatment outcome after breast cancer surgery. J Clin Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.e23133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
e23133 Background: Tramadol is a treatment of choice for pain management after axillary lymph node dissection in breast cancer patients. Tramadol is metabolized via CYP2D6 and UGT2B7, while ABCB1, ABCC2 and SLC22A1 are involved in transport of tramadol metabolites. Genetic variability of metabolizing enzymes or drug transporters may therefore affect efficacy and adverse effects of tramadol. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of genetic variability in tramadol pharmacokinetics pathway on long-term outcome of tramadol pain treatment after breast cancer surgery. Methods: The study included 102 breast cancer patients treated with either 75 or 37.5 mg of tramadol for pain relief after breast cancer surgery including axillary lymph node dissection as part of a randomized clinical trial KCT 04/2015-DORETAonko/si at Institute of Oncology Ljubljana. All patients were genotyped for 14 polymorphisms in ABCB1, ABCC2, CYP2D6, SLC22A1 and UGT2B7 genes, as well as for CYP2D6 duplication and deletion. CYP2D6 phenotype was predicted from the genotype data and patients were categorized as poor (PM), intermediate, extensive or ultrarapid metabolizers. The association of genetic factors with pain one year after treatment was evaluated using logistic regression and Mann-Whitney test. Results: One year after treatment, 21 (20.8%) patients were still experiencing chronic and 25 (24.8%) neuropathic pain. CYP2D6 PMs were significantly more likely to experience chronic and neuropathic pain after tramadol treatment (OR = 5.96, 95% CI = 1.22-29.13, p = 0.027 and OR = 9.31, 95% CI = 1.65-50.59, p = 0.011, respectively), even after adjustment for tramadol dose (p = 0.032 and p = 0.016, respectively). PMs also had higher average pain intensity compared to others regardless of tramadol dose (p = 0.042). In patients receiving lower tramadol dose, ABCB1 rs1128503, rs2032582 and rs1045642 were associated with more chronic pain in the dominant model (p = 0.004, p = 0.004 and p = 0.047, respectively). Conclusions: Genetic variability in tramadol pharmacokinetics pathway may be associated with pain treatment outcome in breast cancer patients, therefore pharmacogenetic testing could enable more effective tramadol treatment. Clinical trial information: EudraCT 2015-000992-28.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katja Goricar
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jakob Jeriha
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vita Dolzan
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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13
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Senk B, Goricar K, Kovac V, Dolzan V, Franko A. Genetic polymorphisms in aquaporin 1 as risk factors for malignant mesothelioma and biomarkers of response to cisplatin treatment. Radiol Oncol 2019; 53:96-104. [PMID: 30840592 PMCID: PMC6411020 DOI: 10.2478/raon-2019-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is an asbestos related aggressive tumor with poor prognosis. The aim of this study was to investigate if aquaporin 1 (AQP1) genetic polymorphisms influence the risk of MM and the response to cisplatin based MM treatment. Patients and methods The case-control study included 231 patients with MM and a control group of 316 healthy blood donors. All subjects were genotyped for three AQP1polymorphisms (rs1049305, rs1476597 and rs28362731). Logistic and Cox regression were used in statistical analysis. Results AQP1 rs1049305 polymorphism was significantly associated with MM risk in dominant model adjusted for gender and age (OR = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.37-0.96, Padj = 0.033). This polymorphism was also significantly associated with cisplatin based treatment related anaemia (unadjusted: OR = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.27-0.90, P = 0.021; adjusted: for CRP: OR = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.27-0.99, P = 0.046), with leukopenia (OR = 2.09, 95% CI = 1.00-4.35, P = 0.049) in dominant model and with thrombocytopenia (OR = 3.06, 95% CI = 1.01-9.28, P = 0.048) and alopecia (OR = 2.92, 95% CI = 1.00-8.46, P = 0.049) in additive model. AQP1 rs28362731 was significantly associated with thrombocytopenia (unadjusted: OR = 3.73, 95% CI = 1.00-13.84, P = 0.049; adjusted for pain: OR = 4.63, 95% CI = 1.13-19.05, P = 0.034) in additive model. Conclusions AQP1 may play a role in the risk of MM. Furthermore, AQP1 genotype information could improve the prediction of MM patients at increased risk for cisplatin toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Senk
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katja Goricar
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Viljem Kovac
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vita Dolzan
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Alenka Franko
- Clinical Institute of Occupational Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Assoc. Prof. Alenka Franko, M.D., Ph.D., Clinical Institute of Occupational Medicine, University Medical Center Ljubljana,
Ljubljana, Poljanski nasip 58, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. Phone: +386 1 5222 119; Fax: +386 1 5222 478; E-mail: ;
ORCID ID:https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9548-3786
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14
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Smigoc Schweiger D, Goricar K, Hovnik T, Mendez A, Bratina N, Brecelj J, Vidan-Jeras B, Battelino T, Dolzan V. Dual Role of PTPN22 but Not NLRP3 Inflammasome Polymorphisms in Type 1 Diabetes and Celiac Disease in Children. Front Pediatr 2019; 7:63. [PMID: 30915320 PMCID: PMC6422865 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2019.00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic polymorphisms in genes coding for inflammasome components nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain leucine rich repeat and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) and caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 8 (CARD8) have been associated with autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases. On the other hand several studies suggested that NLRP3 inflammasome contributes to maintenance of gastrointestinal immune homeostasis and that activation of NLRP3 is regulated by protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor 22 (PTPN22). PTPN22 polymorphism was implicated in the risk for various autoimmune diseases including type 1 diabetes (T1D) but not for celiac disease (CD). The aim of our study was to evaluate the role of inflammasome related polymorphisms in subjects with either T1D or CD as well as in subjects affected by both diseases. We examined PTPN22 rs2476601 (p.Arg620Trp), NLRP3 rs35829419 (p.Gln705Lys), and CARD8 rs2043211 (p.Cys10Ter) in 66 subjects with coexisting T1D and CD, 65 subjects with T1D who did not develop CD, 67 subjects diagnosed only with CD and 127 healthy unrelated Slovenian individuals. All results were adjusted for clinical characteristic and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) risk. PTPN22 rs2476601 allele was significantly more frequent among subjects with T1D (Padj = 0.001) and less frequent in subjects with CD (Padj = 0.039) when compared to controls. In patients with coexisting T1D and CD this variant was significantly less frequent compared to T1D group (Padj = 0.010). Protective effect on CD development in individuals with T1D was observed only within the low risk HLA group. On the other hand, we found no association of NLRP3 rs35829419 and CARD8 rs2043211 with the development of T1D, CD or both diseases together. In conclusion PTPN22 rs2476601polymorphism was significantly associated with the risk of developing T1D in Slovenian population, while no associations of proinflammatory NLRP3 and CARD8 polymorphisms with T1D and CD were observed. Interestingly, the same PTPN22 variant protected from CD. We hypothesize that this effect may be mediated through the NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darja Smigoc Schweiger
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katja Goricar
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tinka Hovnik
- Unit of Special Laboratory Diagnostics, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andrijana Mendez
- Tissue Typing Centre, Blood Transfusion Center of Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Natasa Bratina
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jernej Brecelj
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Blanka Vidan-Jeras
- Tissue Typing Centre, Blood Transfusion Center of Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tadej Battelino
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vita Dolzan
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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15
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vita Dolzan
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katja Goricar
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jakob Jeriha
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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16
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Gutierrez-Camino A, Martin-Guerrero I, Dolzan V, Jazbec J, Carbone-Bañeres A, Garcia de Andoin N, Sastre A, Astigarraga I, Navajas A, Garcia-Orad A. Involvement of SNPs in miR-3117 and miR-3689d2 in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia risk. Oncotarget 2018; 9:22907-22914. [PMID: 29796161 PMCID: PMC5955428 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common cancer in children. Numerous studies have shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) could play a role in this disease. Nowadays, more than 2500 miRNAs have been described, that regulate more than 50% of genes, including those involved in B-cell maturation, differentiation and proliferation. Genetic variants in miRNAs can alter their own levels or function, affecting their target gene expression, and then, may affect ALL risk. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the role of miRNA genetic variants in B-ALL susceptibility. We analyzed all variants in pre-miRNAs (MAF > 1%) in two independent cohorts from Spain and Slovenia and inferred their functional effect by in silico analysis. SNPs rs12402181 in miR-3117 and rs62571442 in miR-3689d2 were associated with ALL risk in both cohorts, possibly through their effect on MAPK signalling pathway. These SNPs could be novel markers for ALL susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Gutierrez-Camino
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Idoia Martin-Guerrero
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Vita Dolzan
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janez Jazbec
- Department of Oncology and Haematology, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ana Carbone-Bañeres
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Nagore Garcia de Andoin
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital Donostia, San Sebastian, Spain.,BioDonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Ana Sastre
- Department of Oncohematology, University Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Itziar Astigarraga
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital Cruces, Barakaldo, Spain.,BioCruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | | | - Africa Garcia-Orad
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain.,BioCruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
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Herman D, Peternel P, Stegnar M, Breskvar K, Dolzan V. A novel sequence variant in exon 7 of CYP2C9 gene (CYP2C9*24) ina patient on warfarin therapy. Thromb Haemost 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1612583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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18
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Herman D, Peternel P, Stegnar M, Breskvar K, Dolzan V. The influence of sequence variations in factor VII, γ-glutamyl carboxylase and vitamin K epoxide reductase complex genes on warfarin dose requirement. Thromb Haemost 2017. [DOI: 10.1160/th05-10-0678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
SummaryThe degree of interpatient variability in the warfarin dose required to achieve the desired anticoagulant response can only partly be explained by polymorphisms in the CYP2C9 gene, suggesting that additional genetic factors such as polymorphisms in genes involved in blood coagulation may influence warfarin dose requirement. In total, 165 Caucasian outpatients on stable maintenance warfarin treatment previously genotyped for CYP2C9 were analysed for common polymorphisms in FVII, GGCX and VKORC1 genes. The -402G>A polymorphism and a variable number of repeats in intron 7 of FVII gene did not significantly influence warfarin dose.The mean warfarin doses increased with the number of (CAA) repeats in the GGCX gene, but the differences were significant only in the CYP2C9*1/*1 subgroup of patients (p=0.032). Common polymorphism (6484C>T) in intron 1 of the VKORC1 gene led to lower warfarin dose requirement; the means were 5.70 (95% C.I. 4.95 - 6.45), 3.49 (3.07 - 3.90) and 2.11 (1.80 - 2.42) mg/day for 6484 CC, CT and TT genotypes, respectively (p<0.001). In contrast, 9041G>A polymorphism in 3’UTR of theVKORC1 gene led to higher warfarin dose requirement; the means were 3.09 (2.58 - 3.60), 4.26 (3.69 - 4.82) and 5.86 (4.53 - 7.19) mg/day for 9041 GG, GA and AA genotypes, respectively (p<0.001).With a regression model we explained 60.0% of variability in warfarin dose, which was due to gene polymorphisms (CYP2C9,VKORC1), age and body-surfacearea. When aiming for individualised warfarin therapy, at least VKORC1 polymorphisms should be included in predictive genotyping besides CYP2C9.
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Kotnik BF, Jazbec J, Grabar PB, Rodriguez-Antona C, Dolzan V. Association between SLC19A1 Gene Polymorphism and High Dose Methotrexate Toxicity in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia and Non Hodgkin Malignant Lymphoma: Introducing a Haplotype based Approach. Radiol Oncol 2017; 51:455-462. [PMID: 29333125 PMCID: PMC5765323 DOI: 10.1515/raon-2017-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We investigated the clinical relevance of SLC 19A1 genetic variability for high dose methotrexate (HD-MTX) related toxicities in children and adolescents with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) and non Hodgkin malignant lymphoma (NHML). Patients and methods Eighty-eight children and adolescents with ALL/NHML were investigated for the influence of SLC 19A1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and haplotypes on HD-MTX induced toxicities. Results Patients with rs2838958 TT genotype had higher probability for mucositis development as compared to carriers of at least one rs2838958 C allele (OR 0.226 (0.071–0.725), p < 0.009). Haplotype TGTTCCG (H4) statistically significantly reduced the risk for the occurrence of adverse events during treatment with HD-MTX (OR 0.143 (0.023–0.852), p = 0.030). Conclusions SLC 19A1 SNP and haplotype analysis could provide additional information in a personalized HD-MTX therapy for children with ALL/NHML in order to achieve better treatment outcome. However further studies are needed to validate the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Faganel Kotnik
- Department of Oncology and Haematology, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janez Jazbec
- Department of Oncology and Haematology, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Petra Bohanec Grabar
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Cristina Rodriguez-Antona
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vita Dolzan
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Mizzi C, Dalabira E, Kumuthini J, Dzimiri N, Balogh I, Başak N, Böhm R, Borg J, Borgiani P, Bozina N, Bruckmueller H, Burzynska B, Carracedo A, Cascorbi I, Deltas C, Dolzan V, Fenech A, Grech G, Kasiulevicius V, Kádaši Ľ, Kučinskas V, Khusnutdinova E, Loukas YL, Macek M, Makukh H, Mathijssen R, Mitropoulos K, Mitropoulou C, Novelli G, Papantoni I, Pavlovic S, Saglio G, Sertić J, Stojiljkovic M, Stubbs AP, Squassina A, Torres M, Turnovec M, van Schaik RH, Voskarides K, Wakil SM, Werk A, Del Zompo M, Zukic B, Katsila T, Lee MTM, Motsinger-Rief A, Mc Leod HL, van der Spek PJ, Patrinos GP. Correction: A European Spectrum of Pharmacogenomic Biomarkers: Implications for Clinical Pharmacogenomics. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172595. [PMID: 28207884 PMCID: PMC5313168 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
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Vozikis A, Cooper DN, Mitropoulou C, Kambouris ME, Brand A, Dolzan V, Fortina P, Innocenti F, Lee MTM, Leyens L, Macek Jr M, Al-Mulla F, Prainsack B, Squassina A, Taruscio D, van Schaik RH, Vayena E, Williams MS, Patrinos GP. Test Pricing and Reimbursement in Genomic Medicine: Towards a General Strategy. Public Health Genomics 2016; 19:352-363. [DOI: 10.1159/000449152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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22
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Mizzi C, Dalabira E, Kumuthini J, Dzimiri N, Balogh I, Başak N, Böhm R, Borg J, Borgiani P, Bozina N, Bruckmueller H, Burzynska B, Carracedo A, Cascorbi I, Deltas C, Dolzan V, Fenech A, Grech G, Kasiulevicius V, Kádaši Ľ, Kučinskas V, Khusnutdinova E, Loukas YL, Macek M, Makukh H, Mathijssen R, Mitropoulos K, Mitropoulou C, Novelli G, Papantoni I, Pavlovic S, Saglio G, Setric J, Stojiljkovic M, Stubbs AP, Squassina A, Torres M, Turnovec M, van Schaik RH, Voskarides K, Wakil SM, Werk A, del Zompo M, Zukic B, Katsila T, Lee MTM, Motsinger-Rief A, Mc Leod HL, van der Spek PJ, Patrinos GP. A European Spectrum of Pharmacogenomic Biomarkers: Implications for Clinical Pharmacogenomics. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162866. [PMID: 27636550 PMCID: PMC5026342 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacogenomics aims to correlate inter-individual differences of drug efficacy and/or toxicity with the underlying genetic composition, particularly in genes encoding for protein factors and enzymes involved in drug metabolism and transport. In several European populations, particularly in countries with lower income, information related to the prevalence of pharmacogenomic biomarkers is incomplete or lacking. Here, we have implemented the microattribution approach to assess the pharmacogenomic biomarkers allelic spectrum in 18 European populations, mostly from developing European countries, by analyzing 1,931 pharmacogenomics biomarkers in 231 genes. Our data show significant inter-population pharmacogenomic biomarker allele frequency differences, particularly in 7 clinically actionable pharmacogenomic biomarkers in 7 European populations, affecting drug efficacy and/or toxicity of 51 medication treatment modalities. These data also reflect on the differences observed in the prevalence of high-risk genotypes in these populations, as far as common markers in the CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP3A5, VKORC1, SLCO1B1 and TPMT pharmacogenes are concerned. Also, our data demonstrate notable differences in predicted genotype-based warfarin dosing among these populations. Our findings can be exploited not only to develop guidelines for medical prioritization, but most importantly to facilitate integration of pharmacogenomics and to support pre-emptive pharmacogenomic testing. This may subsequently contribute towards significant cost-savings in the overall healthcare expenditure in the participating countries, where pharmacogenomics implementation proves to be cost-effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clint Mizzi
- Erasmus University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Bioinformatics, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- University of Malta, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Msida, Malta
| | - Eleni Dalabira
- University of Patras School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Patras, Greece
| | - Judit Kumuthini
- Center for Proteomic and Genomic Research, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nduna Dzimiri
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Ruwen Böhm
- University of Kiel, Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Kiel, Germany
| | - Joseph Borg
- University of Malta, Department of Applied Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Msida, Malta
| | - Paola Borgiani
- University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Henrike Bruckmueller
- University of Kiel, Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Kiel, Germany
| | - Beata Burzynska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Ingolf Cascorbi
- University of Kiel, Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Kiel, Germany
| | - Constantinos Deltas
- University of Cyprus, Molecular Medicine Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Vita Dolzan
- University of Ljubljana Faculty of Medicine, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anthony Fenech
- University of Malta, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Msida, Malta
| | - Godfrey Grech
- University of Malta, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Msida, Malta
| | - Vytautas Kasiulevicius
- Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ľudevít Kádaši
- Comenius University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Vaidutis Kučinskas
- Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Elza Khusnutdinova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia
- Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia
| | - Yiannis L. Loukas
- University of Athens, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Athens, Greece
| | - Milan Macek
- Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Halyna Makukh
- Institute of Hereditary Pathology, Ukrainian National Academy of Medical Sciences, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Ron Mathijssen
- Erasmus University Medical Center, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Christina Mitropoulou
- Erasmus University Medical Center, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Giuseppe Novelli
- University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Rome, Italy
| | - Ioanna Papantoni
- University of Patras School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Patras, Greece
| | - Sonja Pavlovic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering University of Belgrade, Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Jadranka Setric
- University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Stojiljkovic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering University of Belgrade, Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Andrew P. Stubbs
- Erasmus University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Bioinformatics, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alessio Squassina
- University of Cagliari, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maria Torres
- University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago, Spain
| | - Marek Turnovec
- Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ron H. van Schaik
- Erasmus University Medical Center, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Konstantinos Voskarides
- University of Cyprus, Molecular Medicine Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Salma M. Wakil
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anneke Werk
- University of Kiel, Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Kiel, Germany
| | - Maria del Zompo
- University of Cagliari, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Branka Zukic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering University of Belgrade, Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Theodora Katsila
- University of Patras School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Patras, Greece
| | - Ming Ta Michael Lee
- RIKEN Institute, Center for Genomic Medicine, Laboratory for International Alliance, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Alison Motsinger-Rief
- North Carolina State University, Department of Statistics, Raleigh, NC, United States of America
| | | | - Peter J. van der Spek
- Erasmus University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Bioinformatics, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - George P. Patrinos
- Erasmus University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Bioinformatics, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- University of Patras School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Patras, Greece
- * E-mail:
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Kumuthini J, Mbiyavanga M, Chimusa ER, Pathak J, Somervuo P, Van Schaik RH, Dolzan V, Mizzi C, Kalideen K, Ramesar RS, Macek M, Patrinos GP, Squassina A. Minimum information required for a DMET experiment reporting. Pharmacogenomics 2016; 17:1533-45. [PMID: 27548815 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2016-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To provide pharmacogenomics reporting guidelines, the information and tools required for reporting to public omic databases. MATERIAL & METHODS For effective DMET data interpretation, sharing, interoperability, reproducibility and reporting, we propose the Minimum Information required for a DMET Experiment (MIDE) reporting. RESULTS MIDE provides reporting guidelines and describes the information required for reporting, data storage and data sharing in the form of XML. CONCLUSION The MIDE guidelines will benefit the scientific community with pharmacogenomics experiments, including reporting pharmacogenomics data from other technology platforms, with the tools that will ease and automate the generation of such reports using the standardized MIDE XML schema, facilitating the sharing, dissemination, reanalysis of datasets through accessible and transparent pharmacogenomics data reporting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Kumuthini
- Centre for Proteomic & Genomic Research, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Emile R Chimusa
- Centre for Proteomic & Genomic Research, Cape Town, South Africa.,Computational Biology Group, Institute for Infectious Diseases & Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jyotishman Pathak
- Division of Biomedical Statistics & Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Panu Somervuo
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ron Hn Van Schaik
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Room Na-415, Wytemaweg 80, 3015CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vita Dolzan
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Clint Mizzi
- Department of Bioinformatics, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Physiology & Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Malta
| | - Kusha Kalideen
- UCT/SA MRC Human Genetics Research Unit, Division of Human Genetics, Institute for Infectious Diseases & Molecular Medicine, Division of Human Genetics, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Raj S Ramesar
- UCT/SA MRC Human Genetics Research Unit, Division of Human Genetics, Institute for Infectious Diseases & Molecular Medicine, Division of Human Genetics, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Milan Macek
- Department of Biology & Medical Genetics, Charles University Prague & 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - George P Patrinos
- Department of Bioinformatics, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Alessio Squassina
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Section of Neuroscience & Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, sp 8 Sestu-Monserrato, Km 0.700, 09042 Cagliari, Italy
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Krhin B, Goricar K, Gazic B, Dolzan V, Besic N. Functional polymorphisms in antioxidant genes in Hurthle cell thyroid neoplasm - an association of GPX1 polymorphism and recurrent Hurthle cell thyroid carcinoma. Radiol Oncol 2016; 50:289-96. [PMID: 27679545 PMCID: PMC5024660 DOI: 10.1515/raon-2016-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hurthle cells of the thyroid gland are very rich in mitochondria and oxidative enzymes. As a high level oxidative metabolism may lead to higher level of oxidative stress and can be associated with an increased risk for cancer, we investigated whether common functional polymorphisms in antioxidant genes (SOD2, CAT, GPX, GSTP1, GSTM1 and GSTT1) are associated with the development or clinical course of Hurthle cell thyroid carcinoma (HCTC). Methods A retrospective study was performed in 139 patients treated by thyroid surgery for a Hurthle cell neoplasm. HCTC, Hurthle cell thyroid adenoma (HCTA) or Hurthle cell thyroid nodule (HCTN) were diagnosed by pathomorphology. DNA was extracted from cores of histologically confirmed normal tissue obtained from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens and genotyped for investigated polymorphisms. Logistic regression was used to compare genotype distributions between patient groups. Results HCTC, HCTA and HCTN were diagnosed in 53, 47 and 21 patients, respectively. Metastatic disease and recurrence of HCTC were diagnosed in 20 and 16 HCTC patients, respectively. Genotypes and allele frequencies of investigated polymorphisms did not deviate from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in patients with HCTC, HCTA and HCTN. Under the dominant genetic model we observed no differences in the genotype frequency distribution of the investigated polymorphisms when the HCTA and HCTN group was compared to the HCTC group for diagnosis of HCTC or for the presence of metastatic disease. However, GPX1 polymorphism was associated with the occurrence of recurrent disease (p = 0.040). Conclusions GPX1 polymorphism may influence the risk for recurrent disease in HCTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blaz Krhin
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katja Goricar
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Vita Dolzan
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Jenko B, Lusa L, Tomsic M, Praprotnik S, Dolzan V. Clinical–pharmacogenetic predictive models for MTX discontinuation due to adverse events in rheumatoid arthritis. Pharmacogenomics J 2016; 17:412-418. [DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2016.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rok Petric
- Institute of Oncology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Katja Goricar
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vita Dolzan
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Vodusek AL, Goricar K, Gazic B, Dolzan V, Jazbec J. Antioxidant defence-related genetic variants are not associated with higher risk of secondary thyroid cancer after treatment of malignancy in childhood or adolescence. Radiol Oncol 2016; 50:80-6. [PMID: 27069453 PMCID: PMC4825342 DOI: 10.1515/raon-2015-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Thyroid cancer is one of the most common secondary cancers after treatment of malignancy in childhood or adolescence. Thyroid gland is very sensitive to the carcinogenic effect of ionizing radiation, especially in children. Imbalance between pro- and anti-oxidant factors may play a role in thyroid carcinogenesis. Our study aimed to assess the relationship between genetic variability of antioxidant defence-related genes and the risk of secondary thyroid cancer after treatment of malignancy in childhood or adolescence. Patients and methods In a retrospective study, we compared patients with childhood or adolescence primary malignancy between 1960 and 2006 that developed a secondary thyroid cancer (cases) with patients (controls), with the same primary malignancy but did not develop any secondary cancer. They were matched for age, gender, primary diagnosis and treatment (especially radiotherapy) of primary malignancy. They were all genotyped for SOD2 p.Ala16Val, CAT c.-262C>T, GPX1 p.Pro200Leu, GSTP1 p.Ile105Val, GSTP1 p.Ala114Val and GSTM1 and GSTT1 deletions. The influence of polymorphisms on occurrence of secondary cancer was examined by McNemar test and Cox proportional hazards model. Results Between 1960 and 2006 a total of 2641 patients were diagnosed with primary malignancy before the age of 21 years in Slovenia. Among them 155 developed a secondary cancer, 28 of which were secondary thyroid cancers. No significant differences in the genotype frequency distribution were observed between cases and controls. Additionally we observed no significant influence of investigated polymorphisms on time to the development of secondary thyroid cancer. Conclusions We observed no association of polymorphisms in antioxidant genes with the risk for secondary thyroid cancer after treatment of malignancy in childhood or adolescence. However, thyroid cancer is one of the most common secondary cancers in patients treated for malignancy in childhood or adolescence and the lifelong follow up of these patients is of utmost importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lina Vodusek
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katja Goricar
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Barbara Gazic
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vita Dolzan
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janez Jazbec
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Petric R, Gazic B, Goricar K, Dolzan V, Dzodic R, Besic N. Expression of miRNA and Occurrence of Distant Metastases in Patients with Hürthle Cell Carcinoma. Int J Endocrinol 2016; 2016:8945247. [PMID: 27547222 PMCID: PMC4980509 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8945247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Hürthle cell thyroid carcinoma (HCTC) is a rare type of thyroid carcinoma. In the present study, we investigated whether the expression of miRNAs of interest is associated with the occurrence of metastases in patients with HCTC. Materials and Methods. In 39 patients with HCTC (22 with nonmetastatic and 17 with regional or distant metastatic disease), the expression levels of six miRNAs (miR-138, miR-183, miR-221, miR-222, miR-768-3p, and miR-885-5p) and U6 snRNA as endogenous control were determined in FFPE samples of primary tumor and normal thyroid tissue using TaqMan miRNA assays. Results. In patients with HCTC, miR-138 and miR-768-3p were downregulated in tumor samples compared to normal tissue (p = 0.013 and p = 0.010, resp.). These two miRNAs were also significantly downregulated in tumor samples of patients with metastatic disease (p = 0.030 and p = 0.048, resp.) but not in patients with nonmetastatic disease (p = 0.249 and p = 0.101, resp.). In patients with nonmetastatic disease, miR-221 and miR-885-5p were slightly, albeit significantly, upregulated in tumorous compared to normal tissue (p = 0.042 and p = 0.027, resp.). Conclusion. Expression of miRNA (miR-183, miR-221, and miR-885-5p) in tumor tissue is associated with the occurrence of distant metastases in patients with HCTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rok Petric
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Zaloska 2, SL-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Barbara Gazic
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Oncology, Zaloska 2, SL-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katja Goricar
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, SL-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vita Dolzan
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, SL-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Radan Dzodic
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 2, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nikola Besic
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Zaloska 2, SL-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- *Nikola Besic:
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Pilko G, Krhin B, Besic N, Goricar K, Dolzan V. 2815 Functional polymorphisms in antioxidant genes and occurrence of recurrent disease in patients with Hurthle cell carcinoma. Eur J Cancer 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)31558-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Kovac V, Dodic-Fikfak M, Arneric N, Dolzan V, Franko A. Fibulin-3 as a biomarker of response to treatment in malignant mesothelioma. Radiol Oncol 2015; 49:279-85. [PMID: 26401134 PMCID: PMC4577225 DOI: 10.1515/raon-2015-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fibulin-3 is a new potential biomarker for malignant mesothelioma (MM). This study evaluated the potential applicability of fibulin-3 plasma levels as a biomarker of response to treatment and its prognostic value for progressive disease within 18 months. The potential applicability of fibulin-3 in comparison with or in addition to soluble mesothelin-related peptides (SMRP) was also assessed. Patients and methods. The study included 78 MM patients treated at the Institute of Oncology Ljubljana between 2007 and 2011. Fibulin-3 levels in plasma samples obtained before treatment and in various responses to treatment were measured with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results In patients evaluated before the treatment, fibulin-3 levels were not influenced by histopathological sub-types, tumour stages or the presence of metastatic disease. Significantly higher fibulin-3 levels were found in progressive disease as compared to the levels before treatment (Mann-Whitney [U] test = 472.50, p = 0.003), in complete response to treatment (U = 42.00, p = 0.010), and in stable disease (U = 542.00, p = 0.001). Patients with fibulin-3 levels exceeding 34.25 ng/ml before treatment had more than four times higher probability for developing progressive disease within 18 months (odds ratio [OR] = 4.35, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.56–12.13). Additionally, patients with fibulin-3 levels above 34.25 ng/ml after treatment with complete response or stable disease had increased odds for progressive disease within 18 months (OR = 6.94, 95% CI 0.99–48.55 and OR = 4.39, 95% CI 1.63–11.81, respectively). Conclusions Our findings suggest that in addition to SMRP fibulin-3 could also be helpful in detecting the progression of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viljem Kovac
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloška cesta 2, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Metoda Dodic-Fikfak
- Clinical Institute of Occupational Medicine, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Niko Arneric
- Clinical Institute of Occupational Medicine, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vita Dolzan
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Alenka Franko
- Clinical Institute of Occupational Medicine, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Cooper DN, Brand A, Dolzan V, Fortina P, Innocenti F, Michael Lee MT, Macek M, Al-Mulla F, Prainsack B, Squassina A, Vayena E, Vozikis A, Williams MS, Patrinos GP. Bridging genomics research between developed and developing countries: the Genomic Medicine Alliance. Per Med 2014; 11:615-623. [PMID: 29764053 DOI: 10.2217/pme.14.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The Genomic Medicine Alliance is a global academic research network that aims to establish and strengthen collaborative ties between the various genomic medicine stakeholders. Its focus lies on the translation of scientific research findings into clinical practice. It brings together experts from disciplines including genome informatics, pharmacogenomics, public health genomics, ethics in genomics and health economics, and it is supervised by a 14-member International Scientific Advisory Committee comprising internationally renowned scientists. The Alliance's official journal, Public Health Genomics, offers members a highly respected publication forum for their original research findings. In the short-to-medium term, the Genomic Medicine Alliance hopes to harmonize research activities between developed and developing countries and to organize educational activities in the field of genomic medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- David N Cooper
- Institute of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Angela Brand
- University of Maastricht, Institute of Public Health Genomics, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Vita Dolzan
- University of Ljubljana, School of Medicine, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Paolo Fortina
- Thomas Jefferson University, Kimmel Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Federico Innocenti
- Institute of Pharmacogenomics & Individualized Therapy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ming Ta Michael Lee
- Laboratory for International Alliance on Genomic Research, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Milan Macek
- Charles University Prague & Faculty Hospital Motol, Institute of Biology & Medical Genetics, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- University of Kuwait, Molecular Pathology Unit, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Barbara Prainsack
- King's College London, Department of Social Science, Health & Medicine, London, UK
| | - Alessio Squassina
- University of Cagliari, School of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Effy Vayena
- University of Zurich, Institute of Biomedical Ethics, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Marc S Williams
- Geisinger Health System, Genomic Medicine Institute, Danville, PA, USA
| | - George P Patrinos
- University of Patras, School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, University Campus, Rion, GR-26504, Patras, Greece
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Franko A, Dolzan V, Kovac V, Arneric N, Dodic-Fikfak M. Soluble mesothelin-related peptides levels in patients with malignant mesothelioma. Dis Markers 2012; 32:123-31. [PMID: 22377706 PMCID: PMC3826705 DOI: 10.3233/dma-2011-0866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Soluble mesothelin-related peptides (SMRP) are a potential tumor marker for malignant mesothelioma. The aim of this study was to determine the differences in SMRP levels in patients with malignant mesothelioma before treatment and in various responses to treatment and to investigate whether SMRP level could be useful in evaluating tumor response to treatment. The study included patients with malignant mesothelioma treated at the Institute of Oncology Ljubljana between March 2007 and December 2009. Blood samples were collected before treatment and/or in various responses to treatment. SMRP levels were determined using ELISA assay based upon a combination of two monoclonal antibodies. Mann-Whitney test was used to determine the differences in SMRP levels in various responses to treatment. Median SMRP was 2.80 nmol/L (range 0.00-34.80) before treatment, 0.00 nmol/L (range 0.00-0.00) in complete response, 0.48 nmol/L (range 0.00-4.40) in partial response, 1.65 nmol/L (range 0.00-20.71) in stable disease and 7.15 nmol/L (range 0.44-31.56) in progressive disease. Pre-treatment SMRP levels were significantly higher than in stable disease, partial response and complete response (p=0.006), as were SMRP levels in progressive disease compared to stable disease, partial response and complete response (p< 0.001). Our findings suggest that SMRP may be a useful tumor marker for detecting the progression of malignant mesothelioma and evaluating tumor response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alenka Franko
- Clinical Institute of Occupational Medicine, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Grabar PB, Rojko S, Logar D, Dolzan V. Genetic determinants of methotrexate treatment in rheumatoid arthritis patients: a study of polymorphisms in the adenosine pathway. Ann Rheum Dis 2010; 69:931-2. [PMID: 20413572 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2009.111567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Kastelic M, Koprivsek J, Plesnicar BK, Serretti A, Mandelli L, Locatelli I, Grabnar I, Dolzan V. MDR1 gene polymorphisms and response to acute risperidone treatment. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2010; 34:387-92. [PMID: 20060871 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2010.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2009] [Revised: 12/30/2009] [Accepted: 01/05/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Polymorphic multidrug resistant protein 1 (MDR1) transports drugs against a concentration gradient across the blood-brain barrier and reduces their accumulation in the brain. MDR1 may therefore influence antipsychotic brain availability contributing to inter-individual differences in treatment response and adverse effects, regardless of plasma concentrations. In the present study we investigated the influence of two common MDR1 polymorphisms on the improvement of psychopathological symptoms and occurrence of extrapyramidal side effects (EPS) in Slovenian schizophrenia patients acutely treated with risperidone. A total of 59 clinically well defined patients with first episode schizophrenia spectrum disorders or after tapering their maintenance treatment were genotyped for MDR1 C3435T and G2677T/A. Steady-state plasma concentrations of risperidone active moiety (sum of risperidone and the 9-hydroxyrisperidone) were determined. G2677T/A and C3435T genotypes were not associated to psychopathological symptoms, efficacy of treatment and risk for parkinsonism. Marginal associations with akathisia (p=0.039 and p=0.042, respectively) and dystonia (p=0.013 and p=0.034, respectively) were observed for both G2677T/A and C3435T genotypes. However, higher AIMS and BARS scores were observed only in heterozygous carriers of G2677T/A and C3435T polymorphisms and there was no tendency of gene-dose effect. The present study does not suggest a major influence of MDR1 G2677T/A and C3435T polymorphisms on treatment response during short-term risperidone therapy in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matej Kastelic
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Hovnik T, Dolzan V, Bratina NU, Podkrajsek KT, Battelino T. Genetic polymorphisms in genes encoding antioxidant enzymes are associated with diabetic retinopathy in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2009; 32:2258-62. [PMID: 19752172 PMCID: PMC2782987 DOI: 10.2337/dc09-0852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oxidative stress plays an important role in the development of microangiopathic complications in type 1 diabetes. We investigated polymorphic markers in genes encoding enzymes regulating production of reactive oxygen species in association with diabetic retinopathy or diabetic nephropathy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 124 patients with type 1 diabetes were investigated in this case-control study. All subjects were matched for sex, age, and duration of diabetes. Genotyping was conducted using real-time PCR for p.Val16Ala polymorphism in the MnSOD gene and c.C-262T in the promoter region of the CAT gene. Multiplex PCR method was used for determination of GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphic deletions. Fluorescence-labeled PCR amplicons and fragment analysis was used for assessing the number of pentanucleotide (CCTTT)n repeats in inducible nitric oxide synthase. RESULTS A positive association of MnSOD genotype Val/Val (odds ratio [OR] 2.49, 95% CI 1.00-6.16, P = 0.045) and GSTM1-1 genotype (2.63, 1.07-6.47, P = 0.031) with diabetic retinopathy but not with diabetic nephropathy was demonstrated. Additionally, the combination of the two genotypes conveyed an even higher risk (4.24, 1.37-13.40, P = 0.009). No other investigated genetic polymorphisms were associated with either diabetic retinopathy or diabetic nephropathy. CONCLUSIONS Selected polymorphisms in genes encoding MnSOD and GSTM1 could be added to a panel of genetic markers for identification of individuals with type 1 diabetes at an increased risk for developing diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinka Hovnik
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Grabar PB, Rozman B, Logar D, Praprotnik S, Dolzan V. Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase polymorphism influences the toxicity of leflunomide treatment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2009; 68:1367-8. [PMID: 19605743 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2008.099093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Jazbec J, Kitanovski L, Aplenc R, Debeljak M, Dolzan V. No evidence of association of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphism with occurrence of second neoplasms after treatment of childhood leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2009; 46:893-7. [PMID: 16019535 DOI: 10.1080/10428190500086428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) polymorphisms have been associated not only with the risk for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in adults and children, but also with increased methotrexate toxicity. The present study aimed to investigate whether MTHFR polymorphisms modify the risk for development of secondary malignancies in children treated for ALL with protocols that included high-dose methotrexate. MTHFR genotypes were determined in DNA samples isolated from archived bone marrow smears of 15 patients with a second malignancy and a matched control group of 30 patients who did not developed a second malignancy after the treatment for ALL. The frequencies of MTHFR C677T and A1298C genotypes in all patients were: C677T: CC 40%, CT 46.7% and TT 13.3% and A1298C: AA 46.7%, AC 44.4% and CC 8.9%. The relative risk for second malignancy was not significantly increased in ALL patients having at least one polymorphic C667T [odds ratio (OR) 1.51; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.43-5.31] or one polymorphic A1298C allele (OR 1; 95% CI 0.29?-?3.46). Our study suggests that MTHFR polymorphisms are not associated with increased risk of second cancer in children treated with high-dose methotrexate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janez Jazbec
- Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Oncology and Haematology, Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Bohanec Grabar P, Grabnar I, Rozman B, Logar D, Tomsic M, Suput D, Trdan T, Peterlin Masic L, Mrhar A, Dolzan V. Investigation of the influence of CYP1A2 and CYP2C19 genetic polymorphism on 2-Cyano-3-hydroxy-N-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2-butenamide (A77 1726) pharmacokinetics in leflunomide-treated patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Drug Metab Dispos 2009; 37:2061-8. [PMID: 19581389 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.109.027482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Leflunomide is a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Cytochromes P450, mainly CYP1A2 and CYP2C19, may be involved in the transformation of leflunomide to leflunomide metabolite (A77 1726, 2-cyano-3-hydroxy-N-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2-butenamide). The aim of this study was to investigate whether genetic polymorphisms in CYP1A2 and CYP2C19 influence leflunomide pharmacokinetics, treatment response, and the occurrence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs). The study included 67 patients with RA and 4 patients with polyarthritis resembling RA and psoriasis treated with leflunomide. A77 1726 steady-state plasma concentrations were determined by validated high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection. A population pharmacokinetic model was developed to estimate the oral clearance (CL/F) and volume of distribution (V/F). A genotyping approach was used to determine C-163A, C-729T, and T-739G in the CYP1A2 gene as well as single nucleotide polymorphisms that characterize CYP2C19*2, *3, *4, and *17 alleles. A large interindividual variability in trough A77 1726 steady-state plasma concentrations was observed (from 1.9 to 156.9 mg/l). A77 1726 CL/F was 71% higher in carriers of the CYP2C19*2 allele compared with noncarriers. The A77 1726 average steady-state plasma concentration was associated with the treatment response. Patients with a greater decrease in C-reactive protein (CRP) had higher average steady-state plasma A77 1726 concentrations: 49.7 +/- 39.0 mg/l in patients with DeltaCRP of more than 8.5 mg/l compared with 24.8 +/- 13.7 mg/l in patients with DeltaCRP of <or=8.5 mg/l (p = 0.015). No association of A77 1726 steady-state plasma concentrations with the occurrence of ADRs was observed. Our results suggest that genetic variability in leflunomide-metabolizing enzymes influences leflunomide metabolite concentrations that are associated with the treatment response but not with leflunomide-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Bohanec Grabar
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Bohanec Grabar P, Logar D, Tomsic M, Rozman B, Dolzan V. Genetic polymorphisms modifying oxidative stress are associated with disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Dis Markers 2009; 26:41-8. [PMID: 19242068 PMCID: PMC3833245 DOI: 10.3233/dma-2009-0603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species are involved in the pathology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Polymorphisms in genes coding for superoxide dismutases (SOD2 and SOD3), catalase (CAT), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFA) and inducible NO synthase (NOS2A) may influence RA activity. We determined SOD2 Ala-9Val, SOD3 Arg213Gly, CAT C-262T, TNFA G-308A, TNFA C-857T and NOS2A (CCTTT) (n)polymorphisms in 327 RA patients. Carriers of CAT -262T and TNFA -308A allele had lower mean disease activity score of 28 joint count (DAS28) values than patients with CAT -262CC and TNFA -308GG genotypes (p = 0.014 and p = 0.046, respectively). Patients with the combination of CAT -262T and TNFA -308A allele had lower mean DAS28 values and a higher probability for low disease activity than non-carriers (p = 0.003, OR = 3.585, 95% CI = 1.538-8.357). Our results suggest that CAT and TNFA polymorphisms alone and in combination influence the activity of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Bohanec Grabar
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Bohanec Grabar P, Logar D, Tomsic M, Rozman B, Dolzan V. Genetic polymorphisms of glutathione S-transferases and disease activity of rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2009; 27:229-236. [PMID: 19473562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Glutathione S-transferases (GST); GST-mu1 (GSTM1), GST-pi1 (GSTP1) and GST-theta1 (GSTT1) have peroxidase activity towards cytotoxic metabolites produced in inflammatory reactions, the main feature of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Genetic polymorphisms in GSTM1, GSTP1 and GSTT1 modify the enzyme conjugation capacity and may be associated with the activity of RA. METHODS A genotyping approach was used to analyze GSTM1-0, GSTT1-0 and GSTP1 Ile105Val and Ala114Val polymorphisms in 213 RA patients. Disease activity was assessed by the disease activity score of 28 joint counts (DAS28) twice for each patient and mean DAS28 values were calculated. RESULTS The patients with GSTT1-0 genotype had a higher risk for developing high activity RA than the patients with GSTT1 genes present (p=0.028, OR=2.761, 95% CI=1.114-6.843). An interaction between the GSTT1 polymorphism and smoking was observed. In the group of smokers, the carriers of a homozygous deletion GSTT1 had an 8.5-fold higher risk for developing high disease activity than the patients with the GSTT1-1 genotype (p=0.004, OR=8.640, 95% CI=1.995-37.426). GSTM1 and GSTP1 polymorphisms were not associated with the disease activity. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the presence of the GSTT1-0 genotype contributed to higher disease activity in RA patients. The risk for developing highly active RA was the highest in smokers with the GSTT1-0 genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Bohanec Grabar
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Vineis P, Veglia F, Anttila S, Benhamou S, Clapper ML, Dolzan V, Ryberg D, Hirvonen A, Kremers P, Le Marchand L, Pastorelli R, Rannug A, Romkes M, Schoket B, Strange RC, Garte S, Taioli E. CYP1A1, GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms and lung cancer: a pooled analysis of gene–gene interactions. Biomarkers 2008; 9:298-305. [PMID: 15764294 DOI: 10.1080/13547500400011070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Gene-environment interactions have been extensively studied in lung cancer. It is likely that several genetic polymorphisms cooperate in increasing the individual risk. Therefore, the study of gene-gene interactions might be important to identify high-susceptibility subgroups. GSEC is an initiative aimed at collecting available data sets on metabolic polymorphisms and the risks of cancer at several sites and performing pooled analyses of the original data. Authors of published papers have provided original data sets. The present paper refers to gene-gene interactions in lung cancer and considers three polymorphisms in three metabolic genes: CYP1A1, GSTM1 and GSTT1. The present analyses compare the gene gene interactions of the CYP1A1*2A, GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms from studies on lung cancer conducted in Europe and the USA between 1991 and 2000. Only Caucasians have been included. The data set includes 1466 cases and 1488 controls. The only clear-cut association was found with CYP1A1*2A. This association remained unchanged after stratification by polymorphisms in other genes (with an odds ratio [OR] of approximately 2.5), except when interaction with GSTM1 was considered. When the OR for CYP1A1*2A was stratified according to the GSTM1 genotype, the OR was increased only among the subjects who had the null (homozygous deletion) GSTM1 genotype (OR = 2.8, 95% CI = 0.9-8.4). The odds ratio for the interactive term (CYP1A1*2A by GSTM1) in logistic regression was 2.7 (95% CI = 0.5-15.3). An association between lung cancer and the homozygous CYP1A1*2A genotype is confirmed. An apparent and biologically plausible interaction is suggested between this genotype and GSTM1.
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Kumperscak HG, Dolzan V, Videtic A, Plesnicar BK. Polymorphisms in Genes Encoding the Serotonin and Dopamine Pathways in Two Sisters with Metachromatic Leukodystrophy. J Int Med Res 2008; 36:1123-8. [DOI: 10.1177/147323000803600533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) is a metabolic disease that has recently been investigated as a model for the study of psychosis. We report on two sisters with adult-type MLD who developed psychiatric symptomatology, but differed in their expression of psychotic and depressive symptoms. Association studies have indicated that polymorphisms in genes encoding the serotonin and dopamine transporters and receptors are related to the symptomatology of schizophrenia and/or depression; hence both sisters were genotyped for some of these candidate genes. The sisters shared dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) c.1047GG (p.311Ser/Ser) and c.–141 Cins/ins polymorphisms, which are significantly associated with schizophrenia, but differed in the serotonin transporter gene-linked polymorphic region and serotonin receptor 1A (5-HT1A) c.–1019C to G polymorphisms, which may have increased the elder sister's susceptibility to depressive symptoms. Much bigger samples would be needed to gain enough statistical power to develop any hypotheses. This is the first report on genotyping MLD patients for candidate genes for psychiatric disorders, although MLD has been proposed as a model for schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- HG Kumperscak
- Department of Paediatrics, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, University Clinical Centre Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - V Dolzan
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - A Videtic
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - BK Plesnicar
- Department of Psychiatry, University Clinical Centre Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
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Plesnicar BK, Dolzan V, Zalar B. CYP 2D6 polymorphism and antipsychotic therapy. Psychiatr Danub 2008; 20:369-371. [PMID: 18827765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
One of the most challenging problems in clinical psychiatry are inter-individual differences in clinical response to antipsychotic treatment. Several studies were investigating the impact of the polymorphic cytochrome P450 2D6 gene (CYP 2D6) on the psychopathological and extrapyramidal symptoms, but the results were conflicting. There is a lack of clinical studies of the impact of CYP2D6 polymorphism on therapeutic efficacy, especially in the long-term treatment of schizophrenia. The aim of the presentation was to evaluate the impact of CYP2D6 genotype on psychopathological and extrapyramidal symptoms in a group of Slovenian outpatients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder in stable remission, who were receiving long-term maintenance therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanka Kores Plesnicar
- University Clinical Centre Maribor, Department of Psychiatry, and Medical faculty Maribor, Slovenia.
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Dolzan V, Serretti A, Mandelli L, Koprivsek J, Kastelic M, Plesnicar BK. Acute antipyschotic efficacy and side effects in schizophrenia: association with serotonin transporter promoter genotypes. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2008; 32:1562-6. [PMID: 18573584 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2008.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2008] [Revised: 04/30/2008] [Accepted: 05/25/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The serotonin transporter (5-HTT) plays an important role in serotonergic neurotransmission. In the present study, we investigated the effects of the 44 bp insertion/deletion polymorphism in the promoter region of 5-HTT gene (5-HTTLPR) on symptomatology of psychosis and clinical response to antipsychotic drugs. METHODS In total 56 patients acutely treated with haloperidol or risperidone either for the first episode of schizophrenia, schizophreniform or schizoaffective disorders, or for the relapse of these psychotic disorders after tapering their maintenance treatment, were genotyped for the 5-HTTLPR L and S alleles and for the new A/G functional variant within the L alelle (La/g). Psychopathological symptoms were assessed with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and with Clinical Global Impression (CGI) twice: at 8-12 days after the first dose of antipsychotic and after 4 weeks. Extrapyramidal side effects were assessed with the Simpson-Angus Extrapyramidal Side Effects Scale (EPS), the Barnes Akathisia Scale (BARS) and the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS). RESULTS Age, body mass index (BMI), illness duration, drug type and dosage were considered as covariates when analysing association with genetic variants as they were associated with baseline or final BPRS and CGI scores and/or extrapyramidal side effects. 5-HTTLPR was not associated with baseline and final BPRS and CGI scores or with the CGI% reduction. However, the 5-HTTLPR S allele was associated with a lower improvement in BPRS scores (P=0.022) and this effect was even stronger after pooling subjects with S or Lg containing alleles (P=0.006). We did not observe any effect of 5-HTTLPR on acute antipsychotics side effects. CONCLUSION Present result supports a contribution of serotonin system to neuroleptics efficacy for the treatment of schizophrenia. The analysis of the La/g functional variant may significantly improve the predictive power of 5-HTTLPR genotyping and represent a step further towards the development of the personalized antipsychotic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vita Dolzan
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, Vrazov trg 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Dolzan V, Plesnicar BK, Serretti A, Mandelli L, Zalar B, Koprivsek J, Breskvar K. Polymorphisms in dopamine receptor DRD1 and DRD2 genes and psychopathological and extrapyramidal symptoms in patients on long-term antipsychotic treatment. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2007; 144B:809-15. [PMID: 17455212 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.30544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
DRD(1) and DRD(2) receptor gene variants have been associated with clinical aspects of schizophrenia; however only specific features were analyzed in different samples. To assess the complex interaction between genetic and clinical factors, we studied the possible cross-interactions between DRD1 and DRD2 dopamine receptor gene polymorphisms, symptomatology of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders, and the occurrence of treatment induced side effects taking into consideration possible clinical confounding variables. One hundred thirty one outpatients in stable remission meeting the DSMIV criteria for schizophrenia spectrum disorders and receiving long-term maintenance therapy with haloperidol, fluphenazine, zuclopenthixole, or risperidone were genotyped for DRD1 A-48G, DRD2 Ins-141CDel, and DRD2 Ser311Cys polymorphisms. Psychopathological symptoms were assessed with the positive and negative syndrome scale for schizophrenia (PANSS). Extrapyramidal side effects were assessed with the Simpson-Angus extrapyramidal side effects scale (EPS), the Barnes Akathisia scale (BARS), and the abnormal involuntary movement scale (AIMS). Drug dosage was included as covariant because it was associated with the severity of symptomatology, akathisia, and parkinsonism. No association was observed for DRD1 and DRD2 polymorphisms and extrapyramidal side effects, or with the other clinical variables considered. Our study suggests that DRD1 and DRD2 variants are not liability factors for tardive dyskinesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vita Dolzan
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE In a nested case-control study, the authors investigated whether the deletion polymorphism of glutathione S-transferases GSTM1 and GSTT1 represents a risk factor for the development of asbestosis. METHODS In total, 262 cases with asbestosis and 265 controls, selected from a cohort of 2080 workers occupationally exposed to asbestos, were genotyped for GSTM1 and GSTT1-null alleles. Cumulative exposure for each subject was available. RESULTS Asbestosis was associated with cumulative exposure (odds ratio [OR]=3.21, confidence interval [CI] 2.43-4.23) and GSTT1-null genotype (OR=0.61, CI 0.40-0.94), but not with GSTM1-null genotype (OR=1.01, CI 0.71-1.43). The risk of GSTM1-null and GSTT1-null genotype for asbestosis did not change after adjustment by cumulative exposure, smoking, gender, and age. CONCLUSIONS An important finding of this study is that GSTT1 gene deletion might have a protective effect on the development of asbestosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alenka Franko
- Clinical Institute of Occupational Medicine, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Abstract
CYP2C9 is one of the major drug-metabolizing enzymes, and it is involved in the oxidative metabolism of approximately 10% of clinically important drugs, among which some, such as the anticoagulant warfarin, have a narrow therapeutic index. The human CYP2C9 gene is highly polymorphic. We found a new sequence variation in exon 7 of the CYP2C9 gene (1060G>A) resulting in a substitution of acidic amino acid glutamate to basic lysine (E354K) when translated. The allele, designated CYP2C9(*)24, was present in heterozygous state in one warfarin-treated patient. To characterize the CYP2C9(*)24 allele, we expressed the wild-type and CYP2C9.24 protein in a recombinant yeast expression system and a human embryonic kidney (HEK)-293 cell system. Carbon monoxide difference spectra were recorded on dithionite-reduced microsomes, and protein was determined by Western blotting. Transfection with CYP2C9.1 cDNA resulted in detectable CYP2C9 protein in yeast or HEK-293 cells, whereas only small amounts of the protein were detected in yeast transfected with CYP2C9.24 cDNA. A strong differential absorption peak at 450 nm was observed with microsomes of yeast transfected with CYP2C9.1 cDNA, whereas no peak was detected with microsomes of yeast transfected with CYP2C9.24 cDNA or empty pYeDP60 plasmid. These results suggest that CYP2C9.24 may be improperly folded, both in yeast and mammalian cells, resulting in improper heme incorporation and rapid intracellular degradation. The data obtained in the expression systems are consistent with our findings in vivo. In conclusion, we have identified a novel defective CYP2C9 variant allele of potential importance for drug metabolism in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darja Herman
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Vrazov trg 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Raimondi S, Paracchini V, Autrup H, Barros-Dios JM, Benhamou S, Boffetta P, Cote ML, Dialyna IA, Dolzan V, Filiberti R, Garte S, Hirvonen A, Husgafvel-Pursiainen K, Imyanitov EN, Kalina I, Kang D, Kiyohara C, Kohno T, Kremers P, Lan Q, London S, Povey AC, Rannug A, Reszka E, Risch A, Romkes M, Schneider J, Seow A, Shields PG, Sobti RC, Sørensen M, Spinola M, Spitz MR, Strange RC, Stücker I, Sugimura H, To-Figueras J, Tokudome S, Yang P, Yuan JM, Warholm M, Taioli E. Meta- and pooled analysis of GSTT1 and lung cancer: a HuGE-GSEC review. Am J Epidemiol 2006; 164:1027-42. [PMID: 17000715 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwj321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most common malignancy in the Western world, and the main risk factor is tobacco smoking. Polymorphisms in metabolic genes may modulate the risk associated with environmental factors. The glutathione S-transferase theta 1 gene (GSTT1) is a particularly attractive candidate for lung cancer susceptibility because of its involvement in the metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons found in tobacco smoke and of other chemicals, pesticides, and industrial solvents. The frequency of the GSTT1 null genotype is lower among Caucasians (10-20%) than among Asians (50-60%). The authors present a meta- and a pooled analysis of case-control, genotype-based studies that examined the association between GSTT1 and lung cancer (34 studies, 7,629 cases and 10,087 controls for the meta-analysis; 34 studies, 7,044 cases and 10,000 controls for the pooled analysis). No association was observed between GSTT1 deletion and lung cancer for Caucasians (odds ratio (OR) = 0.99, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.87, 1.12); for Asians, a positive association was found (OR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.10, 1.49). In the pooled analysis, the odds ratios were not significant for either Asians (OR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.83, 1.13) or Caucasians (OR = 1.09, 95% CI: 0.99, 1.21). No significant interaction was observed between GSTT1 and smoking on lung cancer, whereas GSTT1 appeared to modulate occupational-related lung cancer.
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Plesnicar BK, Zalar B, Breskvar K, Dolzan V. The influence of the CYP2D6 polymorphism on psychopathological and extrapyramidal symptoms in the patients on long-term antipsychotic treatment. J Psychopharmacol 2006; 20:829-33. [PMID: 16478753 DOI: 10.1177/0269881106062894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Poor response to antipsychotics treatment and extrapyramidal side effects (EPS) are the most challenging problems in the treatment of schizophrenia. Several studies were investigating the impact of polymorphic cytochrome P450 2D6 gene (CYP2D6) on EPS but the results were conflicting. There are practically no clinical studies of long-term treatment of schizophrenia and CYP2D6 polymorphism. Our aim was to evaluate the influence of CYP2D6 genotype on psychopathological symptoms and the occurrence of EPS in Slovenian outpatients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder in stable remission, receiving long-term maintenance antipsychotic treatment. In total 131 outpatients meeting the DSM IV criteria for schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and receiving maintenance therapy with haloperidol, fluphenazine, zuclopethixole or risperidone were genotyped for 14 polymorphic CYP2D6 alleles. Psychopathological symptoms were assessed with the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale for Schizophrenia (PANSS). EPS were assessed with the Simpson Angus Scale (SAS), the Barnes Akathisia Scale and the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS). Six patients (4.6%) were genotyped as poor metabolizers (PMs). PMs scored significantly higher on the negative subscale for PANSS. There were no statistically significant differences between the group of PMs and the group of patients with at least one functional CYP2D6 allele in view of patient's characteristics or any of the items of the AIMS, the SAS or the Barnes Akathisia Scale. CYP2D6 genotype may not be the major factor that determines the susceptibility to antipsychotic-induced EPS in Slovenian patients in stable remission and on maintenance therapy with antipsychotics that are mainly CYP2D6 substrates. However, CYP2D6 genotype might be a factor contributing to the persistent negative symptoms of schizophrenia.
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Dolzan V, Rudolf Z, Breskvar K. Genetic susceptibility to environmental carcinogenesis in Slovenian melanoma patients. Acta Dermatovenerol Alp Pannonica Adriat 2006; 15:69-78. [PMID: 16998606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The skin acts as the first defence barrier against external environmental pollutants, including chemicals and UV radiation. Cytochrome P450 CYP1A1 and glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) found in melanocytes and skin basal layers were shown to participate both in the metabolism of xenobiotics and in detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In our study we analysed the distribution of single and combined CYP1A1, GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 genotypes contributing to inter-individual differences in metabolism of xenobiotics and ROS in 125 Slovenian healthy individuals and in 140 patients with sporadic malignant melanoma. Our results showed no statistically significant differences between melanoma patients and healthy controls in the frequency of polymorphic CYP1A1 and GST genotypes. The risk of developing melanoma was not significantly increased in individuals homo- or heterozygous for the CYP1A1*2A allele combined with GSTM1*0 genotype (OR: 1.86; 95% CI: 0.36-7.71), but increased slightly in carriers of CYP1A1*2A combined with both GSTM1*0 and GSTT1*0 genotypes (OR: 3.42; 95% CI: 0.36-29.6). Our results indicate that factors other than the polymorphic genes coding xenobiotic metabolising enzymes play a major role in protection against environmental carcinogenesis in human skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Dolzan
- Institute of biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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