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Expression of CK19 is an independent predictor of negative outcome for patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue. Oncotarget 2018; 7:76151-76158. [PMID: 27764819 PMCID: PMC5342803 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To explore the prognostic role of CK19 expression in squamous cell carcinomas within a well-defined cohort of oral tongue cancer patients. Methods In our retrospective study, we investigated 129 patients with tongue cancer that had suitable material for inclusion in a tissue microarray (TMA). Where possible, samples were taken from central and peripheral regions of the tumor to generate a representative sample of the tumor. The expression level of CK19 was assessed by immunohistochemical staining. Results Expression of CK19 in squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue was identified as a negative predictor for overall survival (OS; p<0.000) and disease specific survival (DSS; p=0.001). No significant difference could be shown for disease free survival (DFS) between patients with positive and negative CK19 staining (p=.094). Conclusion This is the first description of the highly significant role of CK19 in a selective, organ specific head and neck cancer cohort. Our results are of special importance against the background that CK19 positive carcinomas revealed a significantly poorer prognosis and therefore emphasize its prognostic and possible diagnostic role in tongue cancer.
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52
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Cancer immunogenomic approach to neoantigen discovery in a checkpoint blockade responsive murine model of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 9:4109-4119. [PMID: 29423108 PMCID: PMC5790525 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) are an ideal immunotherapy target due to their high mutation burden and frequent infiltration with lymphocytes. Preclinical models to investigate targeted and combination therapies as well as defining biomarkers to guide treatment represent an important need in the field. Immunogenomics approaches have illuminated the role of mutation-derived tumor neoantigens as potential biomarkers of response to checkpoint blockade as well as representing therapeutic vaccines. Here, we aimed to define a platform for checkpoint and other immunotherapy studies using syngeneic HNSCC cell line models (MOC2 and MOC22), and evaluated the association between mutation burden, predicted neoantigen landscape, infiltrating T cell populations and responsiveness of tumors to anti-PD1 therapy. We defined dramatic hematopoietic cell transcriptomic alterations in the MOC22 anti-PD1 responsive model in both tumor and draining lymph nodes. Using a cancer immunogenomics pipeline and validation with ELISPOT and tetramer analysis, we identified the H-2Kb-restricted ICAM1P315L (mICAM1) as a neoantigen in MOC22. Finally, we demonstrated that mICAM1 vaccination was able to protect against MOC22 tumor development defining mICAM1 as a bona fide neoantigen. Together these data define a pre-clinical HNSCC model system that provides a foundation for future investigations into combination and novel therapeutics.
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53
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Foy JP, Tortereau A, Caulin C, Le Texier V, Lavergne E, Thomas E, Chabaud S, Perol D, Lachuer J, Lang W, Hong WK, Goudot P, Lippman SM, Bertolus C, Saintigny P. The dynamics of gene expression changes in a mouse model of oral tumorigenesis may help refine prevention and treatment strategies in patients with oral cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 7:35932-35945. [PMID: 27027432 PMCID: PMC5094973 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A better understanding of the dynamics of molecular changes occurring during the early stages of oral tumorigenesis may help refine prevention and treatment strategies. We generated genome-wide expression profiles of microdissected normal mucosa, hyperplasia, dysplasia and tumors derived from the 4-NQO mouse model of oral tumorigenesis. Genes differentially expressed between tumor and normal mucosa defined the “tumor gene set” (TGS), including 4 non-overlapping gene subsets that characterize the dynamics of gene expression changes through different stages of disease progression. The majority of gene expression changes occurred early or progressively. The relevance of these mouse gene sets to human disease was tested in multiple datasets including the TCGA and the Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer project. The TGS was able to discriminate oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) from normal oral mucosa in 3 independent datasets. The OSCC samples enriched in the mouse TGS displayed high frequency of CASP8 mutations, 11q13.3 amplifications and low frequency of PIK3CA mutations. Early changes observed in the 4-NQO model were associated with a trend toward a shorter oral cancer-free survival in patients with oral preneoplasia that was not seen in multivariate analysis. Progressive changes observed in the 4-NQO model were associated with an increased sensitivity to 4 different MEK inhibitors in a panel of 51 squamous cell carcinoma cell lines of the aerodigestive tract. In conclusion, the dynamics of molecular changes in the 4-NQO model reveal that MEK inhibition may be relevant to prevention and treatment of a specific molecularly-defined subgroup of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe Foy
- INSERM U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR 5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Pierre Marie Curie-Paris 6, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Antonin Tortereau
- Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, UPSP 2011-03-101, ICE, Marcy-l'Étoile, France
| | - Carlos Caulin
- Head and Neck Surgery at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Emilie Lavergne
- Department of Biostatistics, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Emilie Thomas
- Department of Bioinformatics, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Sylvie Chabaud
- Department of Biostatistics, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - David Perol
- Department of Biostatistics, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Joël Lachuer
- INSERM U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR 5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,ProfileXpert, SFR-Est, CNRS UMR-S3453, INSERM US7, Lyon, France
| | - Wenhua Lang
- Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Waun Ki Hong
- Division of Cancer Medicine at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Patrick Goudot
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Pierre Marie Curie-Paris 6, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | | | - Chloé Bertolus
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Pierre Marie Curie-Paris 6, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Saintigny
- INSERM U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR 5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France.,Departments of Medicine and Translational Research and Innovation, Centre Leon Berard, Lyon, France.,Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
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54
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Krupke DM, Begley DA, Sundberg JP, Richardson JE, Neuhauser SB, Bult CJ. The Mouse Tumor Biology Database: A Comprehensive Resource for Mouse Models of Human Cancer. Cancer Res 2017; 77:e67-e70. [PMID: 29092943 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-0584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Research using laboratory mice has led to fundamental insights into the molecular genetic processes that govern cancer initiation, progression, and treatment response. Although thousands of scientific articles have been published about mouse models of human cancer, collating information and data for a specific model is hampered by the fact that many authors do not adhere to existing annotation standards when describing models. The interpretation of experimental results in mouse models can also be confounded when researchers do not factor in the effect of genetic background on tumor biology. The Mouse Tumor Biology (MTB) database is an expertly curated, comprehensive compendium of mouse models of human cancer. Through the enforcement of nomenclature and related annotation standards, MTB supports aggregation of data about a cancer model from diverse sources and assessment of how genetic background of a mouse strain influences the biological properties of a specific tumor type and model utility. Cancer Res; 77(21); e67-70. ©2017 AACR.
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55
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Pedersen NJ, Jensen DH, Lelkaitis G, Kiss K, Charabi B, Specht L, von Buchwald C. Construction of a pathological risk model of occult lymph node metastases for prognostication by semi-automated image analysis of tumor budding in early-stage oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:18227-18237. [PMID: 28212555 PMCID: PMC5392322 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
It is challenging to identify at diagnosis those patients with early oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), who have a poor prognosis and those that have a high risk of harboring occult lymph node metastases. The aim of this study was to develop a standardized and objective digital scoring method to evaluate the predictive value of tumor budding. We developed a semi-automated image-analysis algorithm, Digital Tumor Bud Count (DTBC), to evaluate tumor budding. The algorithm was tested in 222 consecutive patients with early-stage OSCC and major endpoints were overall (OS) and progression free survival (PFS). We subsequently constructed and cross-validated a binary logistic regression model and evaluated its clinical utility by decision curve analysis. A high DTBC was an independent predictor of both poor OS and PFS in a multivariate Cox regression model. The logistic regression model was able to identify patients with occult lymph node metastases with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.83 (95% CI: 0.78–0.89, P <0.001) and a 10-fold cross-validated AUC of 0.79. Compared to other known histopathological risk factors, the DTBC had a higher diagnostic accuracy. The proposed, novel risk model could be used as a guide to identify patients who would benefit from an up-front neck dissection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicklas Juel Pedersen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Audiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David Hebbelstrup Jensen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Audiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Giedrius Lelkaitis
- Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katalin Kiss
- Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Charabi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Audiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lena Specht
- Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian von Buchwald
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Audiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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56
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Nagaya T, Nakamura Y, Okuyama S, Ogata F, Maruoka Y, Choyke PL, Allen C, Kobayashi H. Syngeneic Mouse Models of Oral Cancer Are Effectively Targeted by Anti-CD44-Based NIR-PIT. Mol Cancer Res 2017; 15:1667-1677. [PMID: 28923838 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-17-0333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is considered one of the most aggressive subtypes of cancer. Anti-CD44 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) are a potential therapy against CD44 expressing OSCC; however, to date the therapeutic effects have been disappointing. Here, a new cancer treatment is described, near-infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT), that uses anti-CD44 mAbs conjugated to the photoabsorber IR700DX. This conjugate is injected into mice harboring one of three CD44 expressing syngeneic murine oral cancer cell (MOC) lines, MOC1 (immunogenic), MOC2 mKate2 (moderately immunogenic), and MOC2-luc (poorly immunogenic). Binding of the anti-CD44-IR700 conjugate was shown to be specific and cell-specific cytotoxicity was observed after exposure of the cells to NIR light in vitro The anti-CD44-IR700 conjugate, when assessed in vivo, demonstrated deposition within the tumor with a high tumor-to-background ratio. Tumor-bearing mice were separated into four cohorts: no treatment; 100 μg of anti-CD44-IR700 i.v. only; NIR light exposure only; and 100 μg of anti-CD44-IR700 i.v. with NIR light exposure. NIR-PIT therapy, compared with the other groups, significantly inhibited tumor growth and prolonged survival in all three cell model systems. In conclusion, these data reveal that anti-CD44 antibodies are suitable as mAb-photoabsorber conjugates for NIR-PIT in MOC cells.Implications: This study using syngeneic mouse models, which better model the disease in humans than conventional xenografts, suggests that NIR-PIT with anti-CD44-IR700 is a potential candidate for the treatment of OSCC. Mol Cancer Res; 15(12); 1667-77. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadanobu Nagaya
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yuko Nakamura
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Shuhei Okuyama
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Fusa Ogata
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yasuhiro Maruoka
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Peter L Choyke
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Clint Allen
- Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institutes of Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Hisataka Kobayashi
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.
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57
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Lote H, Spiteri I, Ermini L, Vatsiou A, Roy A, McDonald A, Maka N, Balsitis M, Bose N, Simbolo M, Mafficini A, Lampis A, Hahne JC, Trevisani F, Eltahir Z, Mentrasti G, Findlay C, Kalkman EAJ, Punta M, Werner B, Lise S, Aktipis A, Maley C, Greaves M, Braconi C, White J, Fassan M, Scarpa A, Sottoriva A, Valeri N. Carbon dating cancer: defining the chronology of metastatic progression in colorectal cancer. Ann Oncol 2017; 28:1243-1249. [PMID: 28327965 PMCID: PMC5452067 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Patients often ask oncologists how long a cancer has been present before causing symptoms or spreading to other organs. The evolutionary trajectory of cancers can be defined using phylogenetic approaches but lack of chronological references makes dating the exact onset of tumours very challenging. Patients and methods Here, we describe the case of a colorectal cancer (CRC) patient presenting with synchronous lung metastasis and metachronous thyroid, chest wall and urinary tract metastases over the course of 5 years. The chest wall metastasis was caused by needle tract seeding, implying a known time of onset. Using whole genome sequencing data from primary and metastatic sites we inferred the complete chronology of the cancer by exploiting the time of needle tract seeding as an in vivo 'stopwatch'. This approach allowed us to follow the progression of the disease back in time, dating each ancestral node of the phylogenetic tree in the past history of the tumour. We used a Bayesian phylogenomic approach, which accounts for possible dynamic changes in mutational rate, to reconstruct the phylogenetic tree and effectively 'carbon date' the malignant progression. Results The primary colon cancer emerged between 5 and 8 years before the clinical diagnosis. The primary tumour metastasized to the lung and the thyroid within a year from its onset. The thyroid lesion presented as a tumour-to-tumour deposit within a benign Hurthle adenoma. Despite rapid metastatic progression from the primary tumour, the patient showed an indolent disease course. Primary cancer and metastases were microsatellite stable and displayed low chromosomal instability. Neo-antigen analysis suggested minimal immunogenicity. Conclusion Our data provide the first in vivo experimental evidence documenting the timing of metastatic progression in CRC and suggest that genomic instability might be more important than the metastatic potential of the primary cancer in dictating CRC fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Lote
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton
- Gastrointestinal Cancers and Lymphoma Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Trust, Sutton
| | - I. Spiteri
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London
| | - L. Ermini
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London
| | - A. Vatsiou
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London
| | - A. Roy
- Department of Oncology, Crosshouse Hospital, Crosshouse, Kilmarnock
| | - A. McDonald
- Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow
| | - N. Maka
- Department of Pathology, Southern General Hospital, Glasgow
| | - M. Balsitis
- Department of Pathology, Crosshouse Hospital, Crosshouse, Kilmarnock, UK
| | - N. Bose
- Department of Oncology, Crosshouse Hospital, Crosshouse, Kilmarnock
| | - M. Simbolo
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, ARC-NET Research Centre University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - A. Mafficini
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, ARC-NET Research Centre University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - A. Lampis
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton
| | - J. C. Hahne
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton
| | - F. Trevisani
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton
| | - Z. Eltahir
- Gastrointestinal Cancers and Lymphoma Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Trust, Sutton
| | - G. Mentrasti
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton
| | - C. Findlay
- Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow
| | | | - M. Punta
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London
| | - B. Werner
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London
| | - S. Lise
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London
| | - A. Aktipis
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London
- Center for Evolution and Cancer, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco
- Department of Psychology
| | - C. Maley
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London
- Center for Evolution and Cancer, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco
- Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, USA
| | - M. Greaves
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London
| | - C. Braconi
- Gastrointestinal Cancers and Lymphoma Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Trust, Sutton
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
| | - J. White
- Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow
| | - M. Fassan
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, ARC-NET Research Centre University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - A. Scarpa
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, ARC-NET Research Centre University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - A. Sottoriva
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London
| | - N. Valeri
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton
- Gastrointestinal Cancers and Lymphoma Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Trust, Sutton
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58
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Pandya C, Uzilov AV, Bellizzi J, Lau CY, Moe AS, Strahl M, Hamou W, Newman LC, Fink MY, Antipin Y, Yu W, Stevenson M, Cavaco BM, Teh BT, Thakker RV, Morreau H, Schadt EE, Sebra R, Li SD, Arnold A, Chen R. Genomic profiling reveals mutational landscape in parathyroid carcinomas. JCI Insight 2017; 2:e92061. [PMID: 28352668 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.92061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Parathyroid carcinoma (PC) is an extremely rare malignancy lacking effective therapeutic intervention. We generated and analyzed whole-exome sequencing data from 17 patients to identify somatic and germline genetic alterations. A panel of selected genes was sequenced in a 7-tumor expansion cohort. We show that 47% (8 of 17) of the tumors harbor somatic mutations in the CDC73 tumor suppressor, with germline inactivating variants in 4 of the 8 patients. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway was altered in 21% of the 24 cases, revealing a major oncogenic pathway in PC. We observed CCND1 amplification in 29% of the 17 patients, and a previously unreported recurrent mutation in putative kinase ADCK1. We identified the first sporadic PCs with somatic mutations in the Wnt canonical pathway, complementing previously described epigenetic mechanisms mediating Wnt activation. This is the largest genomic sequencing study of PC, and represents major progress toward a full molecular characterization of this rare malignancy to inform improved and individualized treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetanya Pandya
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Andrew V Uzilov
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Justin Bellizzi
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Chun Yee Lau
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Aye S Moe
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Maya Strahl
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Wissam Hamou
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Leah C Newman
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Marc Y Fink
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yevgeniy Antipin
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Willie Yu
- Center for Computational Biology, Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Mark Stevenson
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Branca M Cavaco
- Molecular Endocrinology Group, Molecular Pathobiology Research Centre Unit (UIPM) of the Portuguese Institute of Oncology from Lisbon Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Bin T Teh
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore.,Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Rajesh V Thakker
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Hans Morreau
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Eric E Schadt
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Robert Sebra
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Shuyu D Li
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Andrew Arnold
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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59
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Wang K, Vijay V, Fuscoe JC. Stably Expressed Genes Involved in Basic Cellular Functions. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170813. [PMID: 28125669 PMCID: PMC5268456 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Stably Expressed Genes (SEGs) whose expression varies within a narrow range may be involved in core cellular processes necessary for basic functions. To identify such genes, we re-analyzed existing RNA-Seq gene expression profiles across 11 organs at 4 developmental stages (from immature to old age) in both sexes of F344 rats (n = 4/group; 320 samples). Expression changes (calculated as the maximum expression / minimum expression for each gene) of >19000 genes across organs, ages, and sexes ranged from 2.35 to >109-fold, with a median of 165-fold. The expression of 278 SEGs was found to vary ≤4-fold and these genes were significantly involved in protein catabolism (proteasome and ubiquitination), RNA transport, protein processing, and the spliceosome. Such stability of expression was further validated in human samples where the expression variability of the homologous human SEGs was significantly lower than that of other genes in the human genome. It was also found that the homologous human SEGs were generally less subject to non-synonymous mutation than other genes, as would be expected of stably expressed genes. We also found that knockout of SEG homologs in mouse models was more likely to cause complete preweaning lethality than non-SEG homologs, corroborating the fundamental roles played by SEGs in biological development. Such stably expressed genes and pathways across life-stages suggest that tight control of these processes is important in basic cellular functions and that perturbation by endogenous (e.g., genetics) or exogenous agents (e.g., drugs, environmental factors) may cause serious adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejian Wang
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Vikrant Vijay
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - James C. Fuscoe
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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60
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Li YY, Chung GTY, Lui VWY, To KF, Ma BBY, Chow C, Woo JKS, Yip KY, Seo J, Hui EP, Mak MKF, Rusan M, Chau NG, Or YYY, Law MHN, Law PPY, Liu ZWY, Ngan HL, Hau PM, Verhoeft KR, Poon PHY, Yoo SK, Shin JY, Lee SD, Lun SWM, Jia L, Chan AWH, Chan JYK, Lai PBS, Fung CY, Hung ST, Wang L, Chang AMV, Chiosea SI, Hedberg ML, Tsao SW, van Hasselt AC, Chan ATC, Grandis JR, Hammerman PS, Lo KW. Exome and genome sequencing of nasopharynx cancer identifies NF-κB pathway activating mutations. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14121. [PMID: 28098136 PMCID: PMC5253631 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an aggressive head and neck cancer characterized by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection and dense lymphocyte infiltration. The scarcity of NPC genomic data hinders the understanding of NPC biology, disease progression and rational therapy design. Here we performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) on 111 micro-dissected EBV-positive NPCs, with 15 cases subjected to further whole-genome sequencing (WGS), to determine its mutational landscape. We identified enrichment for genomic aberrations of multiple negative regulators of the NF-κB pathway, including CYLD, TRAF3, NFKBIA and NLRC5, in a total of 41% of cases. Functional analysis confirmed inactivating CYLD mutations as drivers for NPC cell growth. The EBV oncoprotein latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) functions to constitutively activate NF-κB signalling, and we observed mutual exclusivity among tumours with somatic NF-κB pathway aberrations and LMP1-overexpression, suggesting that NF-κB activation is selected for by both somatic and viral events during NPC pathogenesis. Nasopharyngeal cancer is frequently characterized by Epstein-Barr virus infection. Here, using genomic analyses, the authors find that the tumours harbour mutations in genes involved in the NF-κB signalling pathway or overexpress a viral oncoprotein, latent membrane protein 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Y Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Grace T Y Chung
- Department of Anatomical &Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory in Oncology in South China and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Vivian W Y Lui
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, School of Biomedical Sciences, Li-Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ka-Fai To
- Department of Anatomical &Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory in Oncology in South China and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Brigette B Y Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sir Y.K. Pao Centre for Cancer, Department of Clinical Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chit Chow
- Department of Anatomical &Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory in Oncology in South China and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - John K S Woo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kevin Y Yip
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jeongsun Seo
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 10-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Edwin P Hui
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sir Y.K. Pao Centre for Cancer, Department of Clinical Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Michael K F Mak
- Department of Anatomical &Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory in Oncology in South China and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Maria Rusan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Nicole G Chau
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Yvonne Y Y Or
- Department of Anatomical &Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory in Oncology in South China and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Marcus H N Law
- Department of Anatomical &Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory in Oncology in South China and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Peggy P Y Law
- Department of Anatomical &Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory in Oncology in South China and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zoey W Y Liu
- Department of Anatomical &Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory in Oncology in South China and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hoi-Lam Ngan
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, School of Biomedical Sciences, Li-Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pok-Man Hau
- Department of Anatomical &Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory in Oncology in South China and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Krista R Verhoeft
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, School of Biomedical Sciences, Li-Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Peony H Y Poon
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, School of Biomedical Sciences, Li-Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Seong-Keun Yoo
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 10-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Yeon Shin
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 10-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Sau-Dan Lee
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Samantha W M Lun
- Department of Anatomical &Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory in Oncology in South China and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lin Jia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Anthony W H Chan
- Department of Anatomical &Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory in Oncology in South China and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jason Y K Chan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Paul B S Lai
- Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Choi-Yi Fung
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, School of Biomedical Sciences, Li-Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Suet-Ting Hung
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, School of Biomedical Sciences, Li-Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
| | - Ann Margaret V Chang
- Institute of Pathology, St. Luke's Medical Center, Quezon City 1112, Philippines
| | - Simion I Chiosea
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
| | - Matthew L Hedberg
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Pittsburgh-Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
| | - Sai-Wah Tsao
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Andrew C van Hasselt
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Anthony T C Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sir Y.K. Pao Centre for Cancer, Department of Clinical Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jennifer R Grandis
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94113, USA
| | - Peter S Hammerman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Kwok-Wai Lo
- Department of Anatomical &Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory in Oncology in South China and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Moore E, Clavijo PE, Davis R, Cash H, Van Waes C, Kim Y, Allen C. Established T Cell-Inflamed Tumors Rejected after Adaptive Resistance Was Reversed by Combination STING Activation and PD-1 Pathway Blockade. Cancer Immunol Res 2016; 4:1061-1071. [PMID: 27821498 PMCID: PMC5134907 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-16-0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma harbor T cell-inflamed and non-T cell-inflamed tumors. Despite this, only 20% of patients respond to checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy. Lack of induction of innate immunity through pattern-recognition receptors, such as the stimulator of interferon (IFN) genes (STING) receptor, may represent a significant barrier to the development of effective antitumor immunity. Here, we demonstrate robust control of a T cell-inflamed (MOC1), but not non-T cell-inflamed (MOC2), model of head and neck cancer by activation of the STING pathway with the synthetic cyclic dinucleotide RP,RP dithio-c-di-GMP. Rejection or durable tumor control of MOC1 tumors was dependent upon a functional STING receptor and CD8 T lymphocytes. STING activation resulted in increased tumor microenvironment type 1 and type 2 IFN and greater expression of PD-1 pathway components in vivo Established MOC1 tumors were rejected and distant tumors abscopally controlled, after adaptive immune resistance had been reversed by the addition of PD-L1 mAb. These findings suggest that PD-1 pathway blockade may reverse adaptive immune resistance following cyclic dinucleotide treatment, enhancing both local and systemic antitumor immunity. Cancer Immunol Res; 4(12); 1061-71. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Moore
- Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Paul E Clavijo
- Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ruth Davis
- Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Harrison Cash
- Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Carter Van Waes
- Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Young Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Clint Allen
- Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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62
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Liu W, Zeng L, Li N, Wang F, Jiang C, Guo F, Chen X, Su T, Xu C, Zhang S, Fang C. Quantitative proteomic analysis for novel biomarkers of buccal squamous cell carcinoma arising in background of oral submucous fibrosis. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:584. [PMID: 27485544 PMCID: PMC4971621 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2650-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In South and Southeast Asian, the majority of buccal squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) can arise from oral submucous fibrosis (OSF). BSCCs develop in OSF that are often not completely resected, causing local relapse. The aim of our study was to find candidate protein biomarkers to detect OSF and predict prognosis in BSCCs by quantitative proteomics approaches. Methods We compared normal oral mucosa (NBM) and paired biopsies of BSCC and OSF by quantitative proteomics using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) to discover proteins with differential expression. Gene Ontology and KEGG networks were analyzed. The prognostic value of biomarkers was evaluated in 94 BSCCs accompanied with OSF. Significant associations were assessed by Kaplan-Meier survival and Cox-proportional hazards analysis. Results In total 30 proteins were identified with significantly different expression (false discovery rate < 0.05) among three tissues. Two consistently upregulated proteins, ANXA4 and FLNA, were validated. The disease-free survival was negatively associated with the expression of ANXA4 (hazard ratio, 3.4; P = 0.000), FLNA (hazard ratio, 2.1; P = 0.000) and their combination (hazard ratio, 8.8; P = 0.002) in BSCCs. Conclusion The present study indicates that iTRAQ quantitative proteomics analysis for tissues of BSCC and OSF is a reliable strategy. A significantly up-regulated ANXA4 and FLNA could be not only candidate biomarkers for BSCC prognosis but also potential targets for its therapy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-016-2650-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 88, Xiangya Road, Changsha, China
| | - Lijuan Zeng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 88, Xiangya Road, Changsha, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 88, Xiangya Road, Changsha, China.
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 88, Xiangya Road, Changsha, China
| | - Canhua Jiang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 88, Xiangya Road, Changsha, China
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 88, Xiangya Road, Changsha, China
| | - Xinqun Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 88, Xiangya Road, Changsha, China
| | - Tong Su
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 88, Xiangya Road, Changsha, China
| | - Chunjiao Xu
- Department of Oral Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 88, Xiangya Road, Changsha, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Department of Oral Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 88, Xiangya Road, Changsha, China
| | - Changyun Fang
- Department of Oral Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 88, Xiangya Road, Changsha, China
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Monteiro de Oliveira Novaes JA, William WN. Prognostic factors, predictive markers and cancer biology: the triad for successful oral cancer chemoprevention. Future Oncol 2016; 12:2379-86. [PMID: 27329013 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2016-0168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinomas represent a significant cancer burden worldwide. Unfortunately, chemoprevention strategies investigated to date have failed to produce an agent considered standard of care to prevent oral cancers. Nonetheless, recent advances in clinical trial design may streamline drug development in this setting. In this manuscript, we review some of these improvements, including risk prediction tools based on molecular markers that help select patients most suitable for chemoprevention. We also discuss the opportunities that novel preclinical models and modern molecular profiling techniques will bring to the prevention field in the near future, and propose a clinical trials framework that incorporates molecular prognostic factors, predictive markers and cancer biology as a roadmap to improve chemoprevention strategies for oral cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William N William
- Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 432, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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The amplification of c-erb-B2 in cancer-free surgical margins is a predictor of poor outcome in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2016; 45:700-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2015.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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65
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Moore EC, Cash HA, Caruso AM, Uppaluri R, Hodge JW, Van Waes C, Allen CT. Enhanced Tumor Control with Combination mTOR and PD-L1 Inhibition in Syngeneic Oral Cavity Cancers. Cancer Immunol Res 2016; 4:611-20. [PMID: 27076449 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-15-0252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Significant subsets of patients with oral cancer fail to respond to single-agent programmed death (PD) blockade. Syngeneic models of oral cancer were used to determine if blocking oncogenic signaling improved in vivo responses to PD-L1 monoclonal antibody (mAb). Anti-PD-L1 enhanced durable primary tumor control and survival when combined with mTOR (rapamycin), but not in combination with MEK inhibition (PD901) in immunogenic MOC1 tumors. Conversely, PD-L1 mAb did not enhance tumor control in poorly immunogenic MOC2 tumors. Rapamycin enhanced expansion of peripheral antigen-specific CD8 T cells and IFNγ production following ex vivo antigen stimulation. More CD8 T cells infiltrated and were activated after PD-L1 mAb treatment in mice with immunogenic MOC1 tumors, which were stable or increased by the addition of rapamycin, but suppressed when PD901 was added. Rapamycin increased IFNγ production capacity in peripheral and tumor-infiltrating CD8 T cells. In vivo antibody depletion revealed a CD8 T-cell-dependent, and not NK cell-dependent mechanism of tumor growth inhibition after treatment with rapamycin and PD-L1 mAb, ruling out significant effects from NK cell-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Rapamycin also enhanced IFNγ or PD-L1 mAb treatment-associated induction of MHC class I expression on MOC1 tumor cells, an effect abrogated by depleting infiltrating CD8 T cells from the tumor microenvironment. These data conflict with traditional views of rapamycin as a universal immunosuppressant, and when combined with evidence of enhanced antitumor activity with the combination of rapamycin and PD-L1 mAb, suggest that this treatment combination deserves careful evaluation in the clinical setting. Cancer Immunol Res; 4(7); 611-20. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen C Moore
- Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institutes of Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Harrison A Cash
- Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institutes of Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Andria M Caruso
- Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institutes of Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ravindra Uppaluri
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - James W Hodge
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Carter Van Waes
- Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institutes of Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Clint T Allen
- Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institutes of Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
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Hu ZY, Liu YP, Xie LY, Wang XY, Yang F, Chen SY, Li ZG. AKAP-9 promotes colorectal cancer development by regulating Cdc42 interacting protein 4. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1862:1172-81. [PMID: 27039663 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Our previous studies have shown that PRKA kinase anchor protein 9 (AKAP-9) is involved in colorectal cancer (CRC) cell proliferation and migration in vitro. However, whether or not AKAP-9 is important for CRC development or metastasis in vivo remains unknown. In the present study, we found that AKAP-9 expression was significantly higher in human colorectal cancer tissues than the paired normal tissues. In fact, AKAP-9 level correlated with the CRC infiltrating depth and metastasis. Moreover, the higher AKAP-9 expression was associated with the lower survival rate in patients. In cultured CRC cells, knockdown of AKAP-9 inhibited cell proliferation, invasion, and migration. AKAP-9 deficiency also attenuated CRC tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Mechanistically, AKAP-9 interacted with cdc42 interacting protein 4 (CIP4) and regulated its expression. CIP4 levels were interrelated to the AKAP-9 level in CRC cells. Functionally, AKAP-9 was essential for TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition of CRC cells, and CIP4 played a critical role in mediating the function of AKAP-9. Importantly, CIP4 expression was significantly up-regulated in human CRC tissues. Taken together, our results demonstrated that AKAP-9 facilitates CRC development and metastasis via regulating CIP4-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition of CRC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yan Hu
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumour Pathology, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yan-Ping Liu
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumour Pathology, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Lin-Ying Xie
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumour Pathology, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumour Pathology, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumour Pathology, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Shi-You Chen
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.
| | - Zu-Guo Li
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumour Pathology, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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Shah S, Caruso A, Cash H, Waes CV, Allen CT. Pools of programmed death-ligand within the oral cavity tumor microenvironment: Variable alteration by targeted therapies. Head Neck 2016; 38:1176-86. [PMID: 27061215 DOI: 10.1002/hed.24269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enhanced understanding of programmed death-ligand (PD-L) expression in oral cancer is important for establishing rational combinations of emerging immune checkpoint and molecular targeted therapies. METHODS We assessed PD-L and interferon (IFN) expression in immunogenic murine oral cancer-1 (MOC1) and poorly immunogenic MOC2 cell models after treatment with mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and MEK1/2 small molecule inhibitors in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS PD-L1 but not PD-L2 is expressed on MOC1 and 2 cells and is type I and II IFN-dependent. PD-L1 is differentially expressed on cancer and endothelial cells and infiltrating myeloid-derived suppressor cells, macrophages, and regulatory T cells (Tregs) in highly and poorly immunogenic tumors. PD-L1 expression is variably altered after treatment with inhibitors in vivo, with an imperfect relationship to alterations in IFN levels in the tumor microenvironment. CONCLUSION PD-L1 expressed on cancer and infiltrating immune cells is variably altered by targeted therapies and may, in part, reflect changes in tumor IFN. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38:1176-1186, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujay Shah
- Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institutes of Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Andria Caruso
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Harrison Cash
- Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institutes of Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Carter Van Waes
- Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institutes of Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Clint T Allen
- Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institutes of Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.,Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Frameshift Mutations of AKAP9 Gene in Gastric and Colorectal Cancers with High Microsatellite Instability. Pathol Oncol Res 2016; 22:587-92. [PMID: 26786868 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-016-0042-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A-kinase-anchoring protein 9 (AKAP9) coordinates the cellular location and function of protein kinase A. AKAP9 plays an important role in centrosome duplication, cell cycle progression and maintenance of cell membrane integrity, alterations of which contribute to tumorigenesis. Somatic mutations of AKAP9 gene have been detected in many cancers including gastric (GC) and colorectal cancers (CRC), but the mutation status with respect to microsatellite instability (MSI) has not been reported. In a public database, we found that AKAP9 gene had mononucleotide repeats in the coding sequences that might be mutation targets in the cancers with MSI. We analyzed the mutations in 79 GCs and 124 CRCs including high MSI (MSI-H) and microsatellite stable/low MSI (MSS/MSI-L) cases by single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis and DNA sequencing. Overall, we found AKAP9 frameshift mutations in 4 (11.7 %) GCs and 20 (17.7 %) CRCs with MSI-H (24/113), but not in MSS/MSI-L cancers (0/90) (p < 0.001). In addition, we analyzed intratumoral heterogeneity (ITH) of AKAP9 frameshift mutations in 16 CRCs and found that five CRCs (31.3 %) harbored regional ITH of the AKAP9 frameshift mutations. Our data indicate that AKAP9 gene harbors not only somatic frameshift mutations but also mutational ITH, which together may be features of GC and CRC with MSI-H. Our results also suggest that regional mutation analysis is needed for a better evaluation of mutation status in these tumors to overcome ITH.
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Mes SW, Leemans CR, Brakenhoff RH. Applications of molecular diagnostics for personalized treatment of head and neck cancer: state of the art. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2016; 16:205-21. [PMID: 26620464 DOI: 10.1586/14737159.2016.1126512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck are the sixth most frequent tumors worldwide. Risk factors are carcinogenic exposure, infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV) and genetic predisposition. Lymph node metastasis in the neck and HPV status are major prognostic factors. There are several important clinical challenges that determine the research agenda in head and neck cancer. The first is more accurate staging, particularly of occult metastatic lymph nodes in the neck. A second challenge is the lack of biomarkers for personalized therapy. There are a number of treatment modalities that can be employed both single and in combination, but at present only site and stage of the tumor are used for treatment planning. Provided here is an overview of the successes and failures of molecular diagnostic approaches that have been and are being evaluated to address these clinical challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven W Mes
- a Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery , VU University Medical Center , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - C René Leemans
- a Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery , VU University Medical Center , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Ruud H Brakenhoff
- a Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery , VU University Medical Center , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
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Cash H, Shah S, Moore E, Caruso A, Uppaluri R, Van Waes C, Allen C. mTOR and MEK1/2 inhibition differentially modulate tumor growth and the immune microenvironment in syngeneic models of oral cavity cancer. Oncotarget 2015; 6:36400-17. [PMID: 26506415 PMCID: PMC4742185 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of mTOR and MEK1/2 inhibition on tumor growth and the tumor microenvironment in immunogenic and poorly immunogenic models of murine oral cancer. In vitro, rapamycin and PD901 inhibited signaling through expected downstream targets, but only PD901 reduced viability and altered function of MOC cells. Following transplantation of MOC cells into immune-competent mice, effects on both cancer and infiltrating immune cells were characterized following rapamycin and/or PD901 treatment for 21 days. In vivo, both rapamycin and PD901 inhibition reduced primary growth of established MOC tumors on treatment. Following withdrawal of PD901, rapid rebound of tumor growth limited survival, whereas durable tumor control was observed following rapamycin treatment in immunogenic MOC1 tumors despite more robust inhibition of oncogenic signaling by PD901. Characterization of the immune microenvironment revealed diminished infiltration and activation of antigen-specific CD8+ T-cells and other immune cells following PD901 but not rapamycin in immunogenic tumors. Subsequent in vitro T-cell assays validated robust inhibition of T-cell expansion and activation following MEK inhibition compared to mTOR inhibition. CD8 cell depletion abrogated rapamycin-induced primary tumor growth inhibition in MOC1 mice. These data have critical implications in the design of combination targeted and immune therapies in oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harrison Cash
- Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institutes of Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sujay Shah
- Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institutes of Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ellen Moore
- Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institutes of Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andria Caruso
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ravindra Uppaluri
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Carter Van Waes
- Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institutes of Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Clint Allen
- Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institutes of Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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71
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Pedersen NJ, Jensen DH, Hedbäck N, Frendø M, Kiss K, Lelkaitis G, Mortensen J, Christensen A, Specht L, von Buchwald C. Staging of early lymph node metastases with the sentinel lymph node technique and predictive factors in T1/T2 oral cavity cancer: A retrospective single-center study. Head Neck 2015; 38 Suppl 1:E1033-40. [PMID: 26040238 DOI: 10.1002/hed.24153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to examine the diagnostic accuracy of detecting lymph node metastases and to identify predictive and prognostic clinicopathological factors in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) undergoing sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB). METHODS All patients diagnosed with cT1 to T2N0 OSCC who underwent a diagnostic SLNB between 2007 and 2013 were included. RESULTS We identified 253 patients, of whom 27% had a positive sentinel lymph node (SLB). The false-negative rate, sensitivity, and negative predictive value (NPV) were 5%, 88%, and 95%, respectively. Patients with micrometastases as well as macrometastases had a separately, significantly shorter disease-specific survival than patients with pN0 disease. In a logistic regression model, the maximum tumor thickness, perineural invasion, and differentiation grade were independent predictive factors for the presence of metastases. CONCLUSION These data support the use of the SLNB technique as an accurate and safe staging tool in patients with OSCC with a cN0 neck. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E1033-E1040, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicklas Juel Pedersen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Audiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David Hebbelstrup Jensen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Audiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nora Hedbäck
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Audiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Frendø
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Audiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katalin Kiss
- Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Giedrius Lelkaitis
- Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jann Mortensen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Christensen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Audiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lena Specht
- Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian von Buchwald
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Audiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Abstract
It is proposed that most papillary thyroid cancers originate in infancy and childhood, based on the early rise in sporadic thyroid carcinoma incidence, the pattern of radiation-induced risk (highest in those exposed as infants), and the high prevalence of sporadic papillary thyroid cancers in children and adolescents (ultrasound screening after the Fukushima accident). The early origin can be linked to the growth pattern of follicular cells, with a high mitotic rate in infancy falling to very low replacement levels in adult life. The cell of origin of thyroid cancers, the differentiated follicular cell, has a limited growth potential. Unlike cancers originating in stem cells, loss of the usually tight link between differentiation and replicative senescence is required for immortalisation. It is suggested that this loss distinguishes larger clinically significant papillary thyroid cancers from micro-papillary thyroid cancers of little clinical significance. Papillary carcinogenesis can then be divided into 3 stages: (1) initiation, the first mutation in the carcinogenic cascade, for radiation-induced papillary thyroid cancers usually a RET rearrangement, (2) progression, acquisition of the additional mutations needed for low-grade malignancy, and (3) escape, further mutations giving immortality and a higher net growth rate. Most papillary thyroid cancers will not have achieved full immortality by adulthood, and remain as so-called micro-carcinomas with a very low growth rate. The use of the term 'cancer' to describe micro-papillary thyroid cancers in older patients encourages overtreatment and alarms patients. Invasive papillary thyroid tumours show a spectrum of malignancy, which at its lowest poses no threat to life. The treatment protocols and nomenclature for small papillary carcinomas need to be reconsidered in the light of the new evidence available, the continuing discovery of smaller lesions, and the model of thyroid carcinogenesis proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dillwyn Williams
- Department of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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73
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Clark AD, Oldenbroek M, Boyer TG. Mediator kinase module and human tumorigenesis. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 50:393-426. [PMID: 26182352 DOI: 10.3109/10409238.2015.1064854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mediator is a conserved multi-subunit signal processor through which regulatory informatiosn conveyed by gene-specific transcription factors is transduced to RNA Polymerase II (Pol II). In humans, MED13, MED12, CDK8 and Cyclin C (CycC) comprise a four-subunit "kinase" module that exists in variable association with a 26-subunit Mediator core. Genetic and biochemical studies have established the Mediator kinase module as a major ingress of developmental and oncogenic signaling through Mediator, and much of its function in signal-dependent gene regulation derives from its resident CDK8 kinase activity. For example, CDK8-targeted substrate phosphorylation impacts transcription factor half-life, Pol II activity and chromatin chemistry and functional status. Recent structural and biochemical studies have revealed a precise network of physical and functional subunit interactions required for proper kinase module activity. Accordingly, pathologic change in this activity through altered expression or mutation of constituent kinase module subunits can have profound consequences for altered signaling and tumor formation. Herein, we review the structural organization, biological function and oncogenic potential of the Mediator kinase module. We focus principally on tumor-associated alterations in kinase module subunits for which mechanistic relationships as opposed to strictly correlative associations are established. These considerations point to an emerging picture of the Mediator kinase module as an oncogenic unit, one in which pathogenic activation/deactivation through component change drives tumor formation through perturbation of signal-dependent gene regulation. It follows that therapeutic strategies to combat CDK8-driven tumors will involve targeted modulation of CDK8 activity or pharmacologic manipulation of dysregulated CDK8-dependent signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison D Clark
- a Department of Molecular Medicine , Institute of Biotechnology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio , San Antonio , TX , USA
| | - Marieke Oldenbroek
- a Department of Molecular Medicine , Institute of Biotechnology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio , San Antonio , TX , USA
| | - Thomas G Boyer
- a Department of Molecular Medicine , Institute of Biotechnology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio , San Antonio , TX , USA
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74
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Kang X, Chen K, Li Y, Li J, D'Amico TA, Chen X. Personalized targeted therapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:7648-58. [PMID: 26167067 PMCID: PMC4491954 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i25.7648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma continues to heavily burden clinicians worldwide. Researchers have discovered the genomic landscape of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, which holds promise for an era of personalized oncology care. One of the most pressing problems facing this issue is to improve the understanding of the newly available genomic data, and identify the driver-gene mutations, pathways, and networks. The emergence of a legion of novel targeted agents has generated much hope and hype regarding more potent treatment regimens, but the accuracy of drug selection is still arguable. Other problems, such as cancer heterogeneity, drug resistance, exceptional responders, and side effects, have to be surmounted. Evolving topics in personalized oncology, such as interpretation of genomics data, issues in targeted therapy, research approaches for targeted therapy, and future perspectives, will be discussed in this editorial.
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75
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Molecular profiling of tumour budding implicates TGFβ-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition as a therapeutic target in oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Pathol 2015; 236:505-16. [DOI: 10.1002/path.4550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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76
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An eleven gene molecular signature for extra-capsular spread in oral squamous cell carcinoma serves as a prognosticator of outcome in patients without nodal metastases. Oral Oncol 2015; 51:355-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2014.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Chalivendra V, Kanchi KL, Onken MD, Winkler AE, Mardis E, Uppaluri R. Genomic analysis to define molecular basis of aggressiveness in a mouse model of oral cancer. GENOMICS DATA 2015; 3:61-62. [PMID: 25729643 PMCID: PMC4340082 DOI: 10.1016/j.gdata.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the molecular basis underlying aggressive behavior in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), our laboratory developed a carcinogen-induced mouse oral cancer (MOC) cell line model that encompasses the growth and metastasis spectrum of its human counterpart. We performed next-generation sequencing (NGS) and gene expression microarray profiles to explore the genomic and transcriptional backgrounds of the differential MOC line phenotypes, as well as, the cross-species relevance of the model. Here we describe the comparative analysis of NGS (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/biosample?LinkName=bioproject_biosample_all&from_uid=247825) and expression microarray (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE50041) data from the MOC lines and corresponding human data, as described in our recent publication [1].
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Chalivendra
- Department of Otolaryngology and The Genome Institute, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology
| | - Krishna Latha Kanchi
- Department of Otolaryngology and The Genome Institute, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology
| | - Michael D Onken
- Department of Otolaryngology and The Genome Institute, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology
| | - Ashley E Winkler
- Department of Otolaryngology and The Genome Institute, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology
| | - Elaine Mardis
- Department of Otolaryngology and The Genome Institute, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology
| | - Ravindra Uppaluri
- Department of Otolaryngology and The Genome Institute, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology
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Markwell SM, Weed SA. Tumor and stromal-based contributions to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma invasion. Cancers (Basel) 2015; 7:382-406. [PMID: 25734659 PMCID: PMC4381264 DOI: 10.3390/cancers7010382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is typically diagnosed at advanced stages with evident loco-regional and/or distal metastases. The prevalence of metastatic lesions directly correlates with poor patient outcome, resulting in high patient mortality rates following metastatic development. The progression to metastatic disease requires changes not only in the carcinoma cells, but also in the surrounding stromal cells and tumor microenvironment. Within the microenvironment, acellular contributions from the surrounding extracellular matrix, along with contributions from various infiltrating immune cells, tumor associated fibroblasts, and endothelial cells facilitate the spread of tumor cells from the primary site to the rest of the body. Thus far, most attempts to limit metastatic spread through therapeutic intervention have failed to show patient benefit in clinic trails. The goal of this review is highlight the complexity of invasion-promoting interactions in the HNSCC tumor microenvironment, focusing on contributions from tumor and stromal cells in order to assist future therapeutic development and patient treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Markwell
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Program in Cancer Cell Biology, Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
| | - Scott A Weed
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Program in Cancer Cell Biology, Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
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79
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Nussinov R, Tsai CJ. 'Latent drivers' expand the cancer mutational landscape. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2015; 32:25-32. [PMID: 25661093 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A major challenge facing the community involves identification of mutations that drive cancer. Analyses of cancer genomes to detect, and distinguish, 'driver' from 'passenger' mutations are daunting tasks. Here we suggest that there is a third 'latent driver' category. 'Latent driver' mutations behave as passengers, and do not confer a cancer hallmark. However, coupled with other emerging mutations, they drive cancer development and drug resistance. 'Latent drivers' emerge prior to and during cancer evolution. These allosteric mutations can work through 'AND' all-or-none or incremental 'Graded' logic gate mechanisms. Current diagnostic platforms generally assume that actionable 'driver' mutations are those appearing most frequently in cancer. We propose that 'latent driver' detection may help forecast cancer progression and modify personalized drug regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Nussinov
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, United States; Sackler Inst. of Molecular Medicine, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
| | - Chung-Jung Tsai
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, United States
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Kang CJ, Lin CY, Yang LY, Ho TY, Lee LY, Fan KH, Wang HM, Huang SF, Chang KP, Fang KH, Ng SH, Liao CT, Yen TC. Positive clinical impact of an additional PET/CT scan before adjuvant radiotherapy or concurrent chemoradiotherapy in patients with advanced oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma. J Nucl Med 2014; 56:22-30. [PMID: 25525186 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.114.145300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The aim of this single-center study was to investigate whether obtaining an additional PET/CT scan before adjuvant radiotherapy or concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) could meaningfully improve 2-y disease-free survival (DFS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) rates. METHODS Six hundred seventy-four patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma who received adjuvant therapy after radical surgery were included. Of these, 152 patients were initially scheduled to receive an additional preradiotherapy/CCRT PET/CT scan within 1 wk of starting adjuvant therapy. However, 16 patients were excluded because of either medical problems or refusal. Therefore, 136 patients underwent a preradiotherapy/CCRT PET/CT scan (PET group), and 522 did not (NO-PET group). All of the participants were followed up for at least 2 y or censored at the last follow-up. The impact of preradiotherapy/CCRT PET/CT imaging was examined using Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS Two-year DFS (80% vs. 70%, P = 0.033) and DSS (84% vs. 75%, P = 0.010) rates were significantly higher in the PET than in the NO-PET group. In the PET group, both DFS and DSS were higher in patients with negative findings than in those without (88% vs. 22% and 91% vs. 36%, respectively; both P < 0.001). A prognostic scoring system based on the presence of the 2 independent risk factors in the PET group (extracapsular spread and lymphatic invasion) predicted both DFS (P = 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively) and DSS (P = 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). Nineteen patients (14%) had their treatment modified by preradiotherapy/CCRT PET/CT findings. Of these, 15 were treated with curative intent due to the presence of locoregional disease, and 4 received palliative care due to distant metastases. Seven of the 15 patients are currently alive without disease. CONCLUSION An additional preradiotherapy/CCRT PET/CT scan improves both DFS and DSS in patients with advanced oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Jan Kang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yu Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Lan-Yan Yang
- Biostatistics and Informatics Unit, Clinical Trial Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Ying Ho
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Yu Lee
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kang-Hsing Fan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Ming Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; and
| | - Shiang-Fu Huang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Ping Chang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ku-Hao Fang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hang Ng
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ta Liao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chen Yen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Yang MH, Hu ZY, Xu C, Xie LY, Wang XY, Chen SY, Li ZG. MALAT1 promotes colorectal cancer cell proliferation/migration/invasion via PRKA kinase anchor protein 9. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1852:166-74. [PMID: 25446987 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Our previous studies have shown that the 3' end of metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) is involved in colorectal cancer (CRC) cell proliferation and migration/invasion in vitro. The role and mechanism of MALAT1 in CRC metastasis in vivo, however, remain largely unknown. In the present study, we found that MALAT1 was up-regulated in human primary CRC tissues with lymph node metastasis. Overexpression of MALAT1 via RNA activation promoted CRC cell proliferation, invasion and migration in vitro, and stimulated tumor growth and metastasis in mice in vivo. Conversely, knockdown of MALAT1 inhibited CRC tumor growth and metastasis. MALAT1 regulated at least 243 genes in CRC cells in a genome-wide expression profiling. Among these genes, PRKA kinase anchor protein 9 (AKAP-9) was significantly up-regulated at both mRNA and protein levels. AKAP-9 was highly expressed in CRC cells with metastatic potential and human primary CRC tissues with lymph node metastasis, but not in normal cells or tissues. Importantly, knockdown of AKAP-9 blocked MALAT1-mediated CRC cell proliferation, migration and invasion. These data indicate that MALAT1 may promote CRC tumor development via its target protein AKAP-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Hui Yang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Transcriptome and Proteome for Human Major Diseases of the Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhi-Yan Hu
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Transcriptome and Proteome for Human Major Diseases of the Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chuan Xu
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Transcriptome and Proteome for Human Major Diseases of the Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lin-Ying Xie
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Transcriptome and Proteome for Human Major Diseases of the Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Transcriptome and Proteome for Human Major Diseases of the Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shi-You Chen
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
| | - Zu-Guo Li
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Transcriptome and Proteome for Human Major Diseases of the Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China.
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Riaz N, Morris LG, Lee W, Chan TA. Unraveling the molecular genetics of head and neck cancer through genome-wide approaches. Genes Dis 2014; 1:75-86. [PMID: 25642447 PMCID: PMC4310010 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The past decade has seen an unprecedented increase in our understanding of the biology and etiology of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). Genome-wide sequencing projects have identified a number of recurrently mutated genes, including unexpected alterations in the NOTCH pathway and chromatin related genes. Gene-expression profiling has identified 4 distinct genetic subtypes which show some parallels to lung squamous cell carcinoma biology. The identification of the human papilloma virus as one causative agent in a subset of oropharyngeal cancers and their association with a favorable prognosis has opened up avenues for new therapeutic strategies. The expanding knowledge of the underlying molecular abnormalities in this once very poorly understood cancer should allow for increasingly rational clinical trial design and improved patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeem Riaz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Luc G. Morris
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - William Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Timothy A. Chan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Human Oncology and Pathogenesis, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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