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Wang XC, Yue X, Zhang RX, Liu TY, Pan ZZ, Yang MJ, Lu ZH, Wang ZY, Peng JH, Le LY, Wang GY, Peng QH, Meng Y, Huang W, Liu RY. Genome-wide RNAi Screening Identifies RFC4 as a Factor That Mediates Radioresistance in Colorectal Cancer by Facilitating Nonhomologous End Joining Repair. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:4567-4579. [PMID: 30979744 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-3735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (neoCRT) is a standard treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC); however, resistance to chemoradiotherapy is one of the main obstacles to improving treatment outcomes. The goal of this study was to identify factors involved in the radioresistance of colorectal cancer and to clarify the underlying mechanisms. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN A genome-wide RNAi screen was used to search for candidate radioresistance genes. After RFC4 knockdown or overexpression, colorectal cancer cells exposed to X-rays both in vitro and in a mouse model were assayed for DNA damage, cytotoxicity, and apoptosis. Moreover, the regulatory effects and mechanisms of RFC4 in DNA repair were investigated in vitro. Finally, the relationships between RFC4 expression and clinical parameters and outcomes were investigated in 145 patients with LARC receiving neoCRT. RESULTS RFC4, NCAPH, SYNE3, LDLRAD2, NHP2, and FICD were identified as potential candidate radioresistance genes. RFC4 protected colorectal cancer cells from X-ray-induced DNA damage and apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, RFC4 promoted nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ)-mediated DNA repair by interacting with Ku70/Ku80 but did not affect homologous recombination-mediated repair. Higher RFC4 expression in cancer tissue was associated with weaker tumor regression and poorer prognosis in patients with LARC treated with neoCRT, which likely resulted from the effect of RFC4 on radioresistance, not chemoresistance. CONCLUSIONS RFC4 was identified as a radioresistance factor that promotes NHEJ-mediated DNA repair in colorectal cancer cells. In addition, the expression level of RFC4 predicted radiotherapy responsiveness and the outcome of neoadjuvant radiotherapy in patients with LARC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Cen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong-Xin Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting-Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Zhong Pan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meng-Jie Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen-Hai Lu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zi-Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Hong Peng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Yuan Le
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gao-Yuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi-Hua Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenlin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Targeted Drugs and Guangzhou Enterprise Key Laboratory of Gene Medicine, Guangzhou Doublle Bioproducts Co. Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Ran-Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
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Oskooei VK, Ghafouri-Fard S. Are long non-coding RNAs involved in the interaction circuit between estrogen receptor and vitamin D receptor? Meta Gene 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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Kholghi Oskooei V, Geranpayeh L, Omrani MD, Ghafouri-Fard S. Assessment of functional variants and expression of long noncoding RNAs in vitamin D receptor signaling in breast cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:3451-3462. [PMID: 30254488 PMCID: PMC6140719 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s174244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Vitamin D receptor (VDR) signaling pathway is implicated in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. Patients and methods We selected VDR-associated long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) through an in silico analysis of available microarray and RNA-sequencing data and assessed their expression in 75 breast tumor samples and their adjacent noncancerous tissues (ANCTs). We also genotyped two functional polymorphisms within VDR gene in all patients. Results VDR, MALAT1, and LINC00511 were significantly upregulated in tumoral tissues compared with ANCTs (fold change [FC] =1.85, P=0.03; FC =1.54, P=0.04; and FC =4.75, P=0.000, respectively). In patients younger than 55 years, significant associations were found between expression levels of both SNHG16 and LINC00511 genes and nuclear grade (P=0.03), expression of LINC00346 and tubule formation (P=0.01), expression of both SNHG16 and SNHG6 genes and family history of cancer (P=0.01 and 0.03, respectively), as well as expression of VDR and progesterone receptor status (P=0.03). We detected significant correlations between expression levels of VDR and SNHG16 in both tumoral tissues and ANCTs. The TT genotype of FokI polymorphism was associated with the higher expression levels of VDR. FokI variants were associated with expression levels of both MALAT1 and SNHG16 in ANCTs (P=0.01 and 0.03, respectively). CdxII variants were associated with expression levels of SNHG16 in ANCTs. A significant correlation was found between FC values of SNHG16 expression and vitamin D levels. Conclusion The present study provides further evidence for the contribution of VDR signaling and the related lncRNAs in the pathogenesis of breast cancer and introduces some novel lncRNAs as putative molecules in the interactive functional network of VDR signaling in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Kholghi Oskooei
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
| | - Lobat Geranpayeh
- Department of Surgery, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mir Davood Omrani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
| | - Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
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Viala M, Chiba A, Thezenas S, Delmond L, Lamy PJ, Mott SL, Schroeder MC, Thomas A, Jacot W. Impact of vitamin D on pathological complete response and survival following neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer: a retrospective study. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:770. [PMID: 30060745 PMCID: PMC6066931 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4686-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There has been interest in the potential benefit of vitamin D (VD) to improve breast cancer outcomes. Pre-clinical studies suggest VD enhances chemotherapy-induced cell death. Vitamin D deficiency was associated with not attaining a pathologic complete response (pCR) following neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for operable breast cancer. We report the impact of VD on pCR and survival in an expanded cohort. Methods Patients from Iowa and Montpellier registries who had serum VD level measured before or during NAC were included. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as < 20 ng/mL. Pathological complete response was defined as no residual invasive disease in the breast and lymph nodes. Survival was defined from the date of diagnosis to the date of relapse (PFS) or date of death (OS). Results The study included 327 women. Vitamin D deficiency was associated with the odds of not attaining pCR (p = 0.04). Fifty-four patients relapsed and 52 patients died. In multivariate analysis, stage III disease, triple-negative (TN) subtype and the inability to achieve pCR were independently associated with inferior survival. Vitamin D deficiency was not significantly associated with survival in the overall sample; however a trend was seen in the TN (5-years PFS 60.4% vs. 72.3%, p = 0.3), and in the hormone receptor positive /human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative (HER2-) subgroups (5-years PFS 89% vs 78%, p = 0.056). Conclusion Vitamin D deficiency is associated with the inability to reach pCR in breast cancer patients undergoing NAC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-4686-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Viala
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Régional Du Cancer de Montpellier ICM, 208 Avenue des Apothicaires, Cedex-5 34298, Montpellier, France.
| | - Akiko Chiba
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, USA
| | - Simon Thezenas
- Biometry unit, Institut Régional Du Cancer de Montpellier ICM, Montpellier, France
| | - Laure Delmond
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Institut Régional Du Cancer de Montpellier ICM, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Sarah L Mott
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | | | - Alexandra Thomas
- Department of Internal Medicine Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, USA
| | - William Jacot
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Régional Du Cancer de Montpellier ICM, 208 Avenue des Apothicaires, Cedex-5 34298, Montpellier, France
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55
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Vitamin D exposure and Risk of Breast Cancer: a meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9039. [PMID: 29899554 PMCID: PMC5997996 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27297-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between vitamin D and breast cancer is still controversial. The present meta-analysis examines the effects of the 25(OH)D, 1,25(OH)2D and vitamin D intake on breast cancer risk. For this purpose, a PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science-databases search was conducted including all papers published with the keywords “breast cancer” and “vitamin D” with at least one reported relative risk (RR) or odds ratio (OR). In total sixty eight studies published between 1998 and 2018 were analyzed. Information about type of study, hormonal receptors and menopausal status was retrieved. Pooled OR or RR were estimated by weighting individual OR/RR by the inverse of their variance Our study showed a protective effect between 25 (OH) D and breast cancer in both cohort studies (RR = 0.85, 95%CI:0.74–0.98) and case-control studies (OR = 0.65, 95%CI: 0.56–0.76). However, analyzing by menopausal status, the protective vitamin D – breast cancer association persisted only in the premenopausal group (OR = 0.67, 95%CI: 0.49–0.92) when restricting the analysis to nested case-control studies. No significant association was found for vitamin D intake or 1,25(OH)2D. Conclusion: This systematic review suggests a protective relationship between circulating vitamin D (measured as 25(OH) D) and breast cancer development in premenopausal women.
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56
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Jeon SM, Shin EA. Exploring vitamin D metabolism and function in cancer. Exp Mol Med 2018; 50:1-14. [PMID: 29657326 PMCID: PMC5938036 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-018-0038-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D, traditionally known as an essential nutrient, is a precursor of a potent steroid hormone that regulates a broad spectrum of physiological processes. In addition to its classical roles in bone metabolism, epidemiological, preclinical, and cellular research during the last decades, it revealed that vitamin D may play a key role in the prevention and treatment of many extra-skeletal diseases such as cancer. Vitamin D, as a prohormone, undergoes two-step metabolism in liver and kidney to produce a biologically active metabolite, calcitriol, which binds to the vitamin D receptor (VDR) for the regulation of expression of diverse genes. In addition, recent studies have revealed that vitamin D can also be metabolized and activated through a CYP11A1-driven non-canonical metabolic pathway. Numerous anticancer properties of vitamin D have been proposed, with diverse effects on cancer development and progression. However, accumulating data suggest that the metabolism and functions of vitamin D are dysregulated in many types of cancer, conferring resistance to the antitumorigenic effects of vitamin D and thereby contributing to the development and progression of cancer. Thus, understanding dysregulated vitamin D metabolism and function in cancer will be critical for the development of promising new strategies for successful vitamin D-based cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Min Jeon
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16499, Republic of Korea.
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16499, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun-Ae Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16499, Republic of Korea
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Ishida N, Baba M, Hatanaka Y, Hagio K, Okada H, Hatanaka KC, Togashi K, Matsuno Y, Yamashita H. PIK3CA mutation, reduced AKT serine 473 phosphorylation, and increased ERα serine 167 phosphorylation are positive prognostic indicators in postmenopausal estrogen receptor-positive early breast cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 9:17711-17724. [PMID: 29707142 PMCID: PMC5915150 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although endocrine therapy is the most important treatment option in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer, new strategies, such as molecular targeted agents together with endocrine therapy are required to improve survival. PIK3CA is the most frequent mutated gene in ER-positive early breast cancers, and PIK3CA mutation status is reported to affect activation of AKT and ERα. Moreover, recent studies demonstrate that patients had a better prognosis when tumors expressed ER, androgen receptor (AR), and vitamin D receptor (VDR). In this study, we examined expression of AR and VDR, phosphorylation of AKT serine (Ser) 473 (AKT phospho-Ser473) and ERα Ser167 (ERα phospho-Ser167) by immunohistochemistry in ER-positive, HER2-negative early breast cancer. PIK3CA gene mutations were also detected in genomic DNA extracted from tumor blocks. Correlations between these biological markers, clinicopathological factors and prognosis were analyzed. Levels of AKT phospho-Ser473 were significantly higher in premenopausal women than in postmenopausal women. In contrast, AR expression was significantly higher in postmenopausal women than in premenopausal women. PIK3CA mutations were detected in 47% in premenopausal women and 47% in postmenopausal women. Postmenopausal women with PIK3CA wild-type tumors had significantly worse disease-free survival than patients with PIK3CA mutant tumors. Low levels of AKT phospho-Ser473 and high levels of ERα phospho-Ser167 were strongly associated with increased disease-free survival in postmenopausal women. Evaluation of ERα activation, in addition to PIK3CA mutation status, might be helpful in identifying patients who are likely to benefit from endocrine therapy alone versus those who are not in postmenopausal ER-positive early breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Ishida
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hokkaido University Hospital, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8648, Japan
| | - Motoi Baba
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hokkaido University Hospital, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8648, Japan
| | - Yutaka Hatanaka
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8648, Japan
- Research Division of Companion Diagnostics, Hokkaido University Hospital, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8648, Japan
| | - Kanako Hagio
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hokkaido University Hospital, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8648, Japan
| | - Hiromi Okada
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8648, Japan
| | - Kanako C. Hatanaka
- Research Division of Companion Diagnostics, Hokkaido University Hospital, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8648, Japan
| | - Kenichi Togashi
- Roche Diagnostics K.K., Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0075, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Matsuno
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8648, Japan
- Research Division of Companion Diagnostics, Hokkaido University Hospital, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8648, Japan
| | - Hiroko Yamashita
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hokkaido University Hospital, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8648, Japan
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Sheng L, Callen DF, Turner AG. Vitamin D 3 signaling and breast cancer: Insights from transgenic mouse models. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 178:348-353. [PMID: 29438722 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The biologically active form of vitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D) regulates epithelial cell differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis, lending weight to clinical evidence linking vitamin D3 insufficiency to breast cancer incidence and mortality. Local dysregulation of vitamin D3 metabolism has been identified in patients with breast cancer, implying that disruption of 1,25(OH)2D signaling may contribute to breast cancer development in an autocrine or paracrine manner. Mouse mammary glands express the critical enzymes responsible for 1,25(OH)2D synthesis (Cyp2r1 and Cyp27b1), degradation (Cyp24a1), as well as the vitamin D3 receptor (Vdr), and genetically modified mouse models have revealed a great deal about the role of vitamin D3 in cancer initiation and progression. Ablation of Vdr or Cyp27b1 in murine models of mammary cancer reduces the anti-tumor effects of vitamin D3, while elevation of Cyp24a1 levels increases degradation of 1,25(OH)2D, leading to diminished anti-tumor effects. This review discusses the recent transgenic mouse models of vitamin D3 metabolism and the Vdr signaling network, and how these contribute to mammary gland development, and cancer tumorigenesis and progression. Collectively, these mouse models have helped clarify mechanisms of action of vitamin D3 signaling and suggest that activation or restoration of the vitamin D3 regulated pathway is a potential approach for human breast cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Sheng
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China; School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
| | - David F Callen
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Andrew G Turner
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
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Zhao C, Li Y, Zhang W, Zhao D, Ma L, Ma P, Yang F, Wang Y, Shu Y, Qiu W. IL‑17 induces NSCLC A549 cell proliferation via the upregulation of HMGA1, resulting in an increased cyclin D1 expression. Int J Oncol 2018; 52:1579-1592. [PMID: 29512693 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is considered to be an inflammation-associated carcinoma. Although interleukin‑17 (IL‑17) production contributes to the proliferation and growth of NSCLC, the mechanisms underlying IL‑17-induced NSCLC cell proliferation have not been fully elucidated. In the present study, by using ELISA and immunohistochemical analyses, we first found that the expression levels of IL‑17, IL‑17 receptor (IL‑17R), high-mobility group A1 (HMGA1) and cyclin D1 were elevated in the samples of patients with NSCLC. Subsequently, by RT-qPCR, western blot analysis and cell proliferation assay in vitro, we revealed that stimulation with recombinant human IL‑17 (namely IL‑17A) markedly induced the expression of HMGA1 and cyclin D1 in the A549 cells (a human lung adenocarcinoma cell line) and promoted cell proliferation. Furthermore, luciferase reporter and ChIP assays confirmed that upregulated HMGA1 directly bound to the cyclin D1 gene promoter and activated its transcription. Notably, the response element of HMGA1 binding to the cyclin D1 promoter was disclosed for the first time, at least to the best of our knowledge. Taken together, our findings indicate that the IL‑17/HMGA1/cyclin D1 axis plays an important role in NSCLC cell proliferation and may provide new insight into NSCLC pathogenesis and may thus aid in the development of novel therapeutic targets for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhui Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Yongting Li
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, P.R. China
| | - Weiming Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, P.R. China
| | - Ling Ma
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Pei Ma
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Fengming Yang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Yingwei Wang
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, P.R. China
| | - Yongqian Shu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Wen Qiu
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, P.R. China
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Sánchez-Céspedes R, Fernández-Martínez MD, Raya A, Pineda C, López I, Millán Y. Vitamin D receptor expression in canine mammary gland and relationship with clinicopathological parameters and progesterone/oestrogen receptors. Vet Comp Oncol 2017; 16:E185-E193. [PMID: 29178579 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The vitamin D receptor (VDR) belongs to the nuclear class II receptor family. VDR is a ligand transcription factor and mediates the actions of calcitriol, the active product of vitamin D synthesis. Nowadays, it is known that the biological actions of calcitriol include the capacity to modulate cancer features, such as proliferation and differentiation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis. VDR expression has been demonstrated in human breast cancer and vitamin D has emerged as a promising targeted therapy. We analyse the VDR expression in normal and neoplastic canine mammary tissue samples and its relationship with clinicopathological parameters and progesterone/oestrogens receptors (PR/ER). Expression of VDR, Ki67 (to evaluate the proliferation index, PI), PR and ER was assessed in 50 mammary gland tissue samples from 41 female dogs by immunohistochemistry. VDR-positive staining was found in the nuclei of both myoepithelial and luminal epithelial cell layers. VDR expression was higher in normal mammary tissue (37/37 cases, 100%) then followed by benign tumours (6/15 cases, 40%) and malignant tumours (9/34 cases, 26.5%) (P = .001). Female dogs aged ≥10 years had lower VDR expression compared with dogs younger (P = .017). Relationship between VDR and breed, number of tumours, tumour size, histologic subtype, histologic grade of malignancy, PI and PR and ER expression was not observed. Studies with more samples are necessary to further evaluate the possible role of VDR in the biological behaviour of canine mammary tumours, and to corroborate the possibility to use the dog as model for human breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sánchez-Céspedes
- Department of Comparative Pathology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | | | - A Raya
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Veterinary Faculty, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - C Pineda
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Veterinary Faculty, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - I López
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Veterinary Faculty, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Y Millán
- Department of Comparative Pathology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
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Welsh J. Function of the vitamin D endocrine system in mammary gland and breast cancer. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 453:88-95. [PMID: 28579119 PMCID: PMC5538720 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear receptor for 1α,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25D), the active form of vitamin D, has anti-tumor actions in many tissues. The vitamin D receptor (VDR) is expressed in normal mammary gland and in many human breast cancers suggesting it may represent an important tumor suppressor gene in this tissue. When activated by 1,25D, VDR modulates multiple cellular pathways including those related to energy metabolism, terminal differentiation and inflammation. There is compelling pre-clinical evidence that alterations in vitamin D status affect breast cancer development and progression, while clinical and epidemiological data are suggestive but not entirely consistent. The demonstration that breast cells express CYP27B1 (which converts the precursor vitamin D metabolite 25D to the active metabolite 1,25D) and CYP24A1 (which degrades both 25D and 1,25D) provides insight into the difficulties inherent in using dietary vitamin D, sun exposure and/or serum biomarkers of vitamin D status to predict disease outcomes. Emerging evidence suggests that the normally tight balance between CYP27B1 and CYP24A1 becomes deregulated during cancer development, leading to abrogation of the tumor suppressive effects triggered by VDR. Research aimed at understanding the mechanisms that govern uptake, storage, metabolism and actions of vitamin D steroids in normal and neoplastic breast tissue remain an urgent priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- JoEllen Welsh
- University at Albany Cancer Research Center, 1 Discovery Drive, Rensselaer, NY 12144, United States.
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Zhang X, Hofmann S, Rack B, Harbeck N, Jeschke U, Sixou S. Fluorescence Analysis of Vitamin D Receptor Status of Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCS) in Breast Cancer: From Cell Models to Metastatic Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2017. [PMID: 28632174 PMCID: PMC5486139 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Vitamin D receptor (VDR) expressed in normal breast tissue and breast tumors has been suggested as a new prognostic biomarker in breast cancer (BC). Besides, increasing evidence supports the view that the detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) predicts outcome in early and metastatic BC. Consequently, an evaluation of VDR expression in the CTCs of BC patients may allow optimization of their treatment. As an attempt to profile and subtype the CTCs of metastatic patients, we established an innovative fluorescence technique using nine BC cell lines to visualize, define, and compare their individual VDR status. Afterwards, we tested the CTC presence and VDR expression in blood samples (cytospins) collected from 23 metastatic BC patients. The results demonstrated major differences in the VDR levels among the nine cell lines, and VDR positive CTCs were detected in 46% of CTC-positive patients, with a total of 42 CTCs individually analyzed. Due to the limited number of patients in this study, no correlation between VDR expression and BC subtype classification (according to estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and HER2) could be determined, but our data support the view that VDR evaluation is a potential new prognostic biomarker to help in the optimization of therapy management for BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Breast Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich (LMU), Maistrasse 11, Munich 80337, Germany.
| | - Simone Hofmann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Breast Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich (LMU), Maistrasse 11, Munich 80337, Germany.
| | - Brigitte Rack
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Breast Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich (LMU), Maistrasse 11, Munich 80337, Germany.
| | - Nadia Harbeck
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Breast Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich (LMU), Maistrasse 11, Munich 80337, Germany.
| | - Udo Jeschke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Breast Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich (LMU), Maistrasse 11, Munich 80337, Germany.
| | - Sophie Sixou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Breast Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich (LMU), Maistrasse 11, Munich 80337, Germany.
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Toulouse cedex 09 31062, France.
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Heublein S, Mayr D, Meindl A, Kircher A, Jeschke U, Ditsch N. Vitamin D receptor, Retinoid X receptor and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ are overexpressed in BRCA1 mutated breast cancer and predict prognosis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2017; 36:57. [PMID: 28427429 PMCID: PMC5399435 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-017-0517-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Background BRCA1 mutated breast cancers are commonly diagnosed as negative for classical hormone receptors i.e. estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and/or Her2. Due to these common targets being absent the application of anti-endocrine therapies is rather limited and a certain focus has been set on discovering alternative target molecules. We recently highlighted thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) to predict prognosis in breast cancer patients that had been diagnosed a BRCA1 germline mutation. Vitamin D Receptor (VDR), Retinoid X Receptor (RXR) and Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor γ (PPARγ) are known to interact with TRs by forming functional heterodimers. Whether VDR, RXR or PPARγ are expressed in BRCA1 mutated breast cancer or may even be present in case of triple negativity is not known. Hence the current study aimed to investigate VDR, RXR and PPARγ in BRCA1mut breast cancer and to test whether any of the three may be associated with clinico-pathological criteria including overall survival. Methods This study analyzed VDR, RXR and PPARγ by immunohistochemistry in BRCA1 associated (n = 38) and sporadic breast cancer (n = 79). Receptors were quantified by applying an established scoring system (IR-score) and were tested for association with clinico-pathological variables. Results VDR, RXR and PPARγ were detected in over 90% of triple negative BRCA1mut breast cancer and were significantly (VDR: p < 0.001, RXR: p = 0.010, PPARγ: p < 0.001) overexpressed in BRCA1 mutated as compared to sporadic cancer cases. VDR and RXR positivity predicted prolonged overall survival only in BRCA1 mutated cases while such association was not observed in sporadic breast cancer. Conclusions In conclusion, this is the first study to describe VDR, RXR and PPARγ in BRCA1 mutated breast cancer. Based on the data presented here these receptors may be hypothesized to potentially evolve as interesting markers or even targets in hereditary breast cancer. However, independent studies are indispensable thus to confirm this hypothesis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13046-017-0517-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Heublein
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology - National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Doris Mayr
- Department of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alfons Meindl
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexandra Kircher
- Department of Internal Medicine, SLK-Kliniken Heilbronn GmbH, Heilbronn, Germany
| | - Udo Jeschke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nina Ditsch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Murray A, Madden SF, Synnott NC, Klinger R, O'Connor D, O'Donovan N, Gallagher W, Crown J, Duffy MJ. Vitamin D receptor as a target for breast cancer therapy. Endocr Relat Cancer 2017; 24:181-195. [PMID: 28213567 DOI: 10.1530/erc-16-0463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Considerable epidemiological evidence suggests that high levels of circulating vitamin D (VD) are associated with a decreased incidence and increased survival from cancer, i.e., VD may possess anti-cancer properties. The aim of this investigation was therefore to investigate the anti-cancer potential of a low calcaemic vitamin D analogue, i.e., inecalcitol and compare it with the active form of vitamin D, i.e., calcitriol, in a panel of breast cancer cell lines (n = 15). Using the MTT assay, IC50 concentrations for response to calcitriol varied from 0.12 µM to >20 µM, whereas those for inecalcitol were significantly lower, ranging from 2.5 nM to 63 nM (P = 0.001). Sensitivity to calcitriol and inecalcitol was higher in VD receptor (VDR)-positive compared to VDR-negative cell lines (P = 0.0007 and 0.0080, respectively) and in ER-positive compared to ER-negative cell lines (P = 0.043 and 0.005, respectively). Using RNA-seq analysis, substantial but not complete overlap was found between genes differentially regulated by calcitriol and inecalcitol. In particular, significantly enriched gene ontology terms such as cell surface signalling and cell communication were found after treatment with inecalcitol but not with calcitriol. In contrast, ossification and bone morphogenesis were found significantly enriched after treatment with calcitriol but not with inecalcitol. Our preclinical results suggest that calcitriol and inecalcitol can inhibit breast cancer cell line growth, especially in cells expressing ER and VDR. As inecalcitol is significantly more potent than calcitriol and has low calcaemic potential, it should be further investigated for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyson Murray
- UCD School of MedicineConway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephen F Madden
- Division of Population Health SciencesRoyal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Naoise C Synnott
- UCD School of MedicineConway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rut Klinger
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical ScienceUCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Darran O'Connor
- Department of Molecular & Cellular TherapeuticsRoyal College of Surgeons Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Norma O'Donovan
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology (NICB)Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - William Gallagher
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical ScienceUCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John Crown
- Department of Medical OncologySt. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael J Duffy
- UCD School of MedicineConway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- UCD Clinical Research CentreSt. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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