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Disselhorst MJ, Baas P. Chemotherapy options versus "novel" therapies: how should we treat patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2020; 9:S77-S85. [PMID: 32206573 PMCID: PMC7082258 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr.2020.01.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Today there are several options for the treatment of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). The therapeutic arsenal has expanded from only chemotherapy with or without surgery in selected cases to a variety of new compounds that target the malignant cell or its micro-environment. Immunotherapy has been the latest achievement and now single arm and randomized studies are being presented. A renewed interest has occurred in the combination of surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy. In this review we present the available data on previous and running studies and try to give a recommendation how to select the best patient for the most optimal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Disselhorst
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Baas
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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52
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Gray SG, Mutti L. Immunotherapy for mesothelioma: a critical review of current clinical trials and future perspectives. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2020; 9:S100-S119. [PMID: 32206576 PMCID: PMC7082257 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr.2019.11.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
At the clinical level the role of immunotherapy in cancer is currently at a pivotal point. Therapies such as checkpoint inhibitors are being approved at many levels in cancers such as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Mesothelioma is a rare orphan disease associated with prior exposure to asbestos, with a dismal prognosis. Various clinical trials for checkpoint inhibitors have been conducted in this rare disease, and suggest that such therapies may play a role as a treatment option for a proportion of patients with this cancer. Most recently approved as a salvage therapy in mesothelioma was granted in Japan, regulatory approval for their use in the clinic elsewhere lags. In this article we review the current pertinent clinical trials of immunotherapies in malignant mesothelioma, discuss the current issues that may affect the clinical outcomes of such therapies and further evaluate potential candidate new avenues that may become future targets for immunotherapy in this cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven G Gray
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Luciano Mutti
- Center for Biotechnology, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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53
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Wang C, Li Z, Zhu Z, Chai Y, Wu Y, Yuan Z, Chang Z, Wang Z, Zhang M. Allogeneic dendritic cells induce potent antitumor immunity by activating KLRG1 +CD8 T cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15527. [PMID: 31664180 PMCID: PMC6820535 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52151-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The graft-versus-leukemia effect reminds us to observe the allogeneic cell elicited anti-tumor immune responses. Here we immunized recipient B6 mice with different types of allogenic leukocytes and found that vaccination with allogenic dendritic cells (alloDC) elicited the most efficient protection against broad-spectrum tumors. The recipient lymphocytes were analyzed and the data showed that CD8 T cells increased significantly after immunization and expressed effector memory T cell marker KLRG1. Functional evaluation demonstrated that these KLRG1+CD8 T cells could kill tumor cells in vitro and in vivo in Granzyme B- and Fas/FasL-dependent manners with no tumor antigen specificity, and tend to migrate into tumor sites by high expression of heparanase. Adoptive transfer of these cells could provide antitumor protection against tumors. AlloDC could also treat mice with residual tumors and combination of anti-PD1 antibody could enhance this effects. Together, our study showed that alloDC-immunization could induce potent antitumor effect through the expansion of KLRG1+CD8 T cells, which can work as both preventive and therapeutic tumor vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.,Protein Science Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhengyuan Li
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhongli Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Yijie Chai
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yiqing Wu
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhenglong Yuan
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhijie Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, School of Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Zhao Wang
- Protein Science Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Minghui Zhang
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China. .,The Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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54
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de Boer NL, van Kooten JP, Damhuis RAM, Aerts JGJV, Verhoef C, Madsen EVE. Malignant Peritoneal Mesothelioma: Patterns of Care and Survival in the Netherlands: A Population-Based Study. Ann Surg Oncol 2019; 26:4222-4228. [PMID: 31620941 PMCID: PMC6864027 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-019-07803-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare and aggressive disease. Recently, focus has shifted toward a more aggressive and multimodal treatment approach. This study aimed to assess the patterns of care and survival for MPM patients in the Netherlands on a nationwide basis. METHODS The records of patients with a diagnosis of MPM from 1993 to 2016 were retrieved from the Dutch Cancer Registry. Data regarding diagnosis, staging, treatment, and survival were extracted. Cox regression analyses and Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to study overall survival. RESULTS Between 1993 and 2016, MPM was diagnosed for 566 patients. Overall, the prognosis was very poor (24% 1-year survival). The most common morphologic subtype was the epithelioid subtype (88%), followed by the biphasic (8%) and sarcomatoid (4%) subtypes. Surgical treatment has become more common in recent years, which most likely has resulted in improved survival rates. In this study, improved survival was independently associated with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (hazard ratio [HR], 0.33; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.21-0.55) and surgery with adjuvant systemic chemotherapy (HR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.23-0.48). Nonetheless, most patients (67%) do not receive any form of anti-cancer treatment. CONCLUSION This study indicated that MPM still is a rare and fatal disease. The survival rates in the Netherlands have improved slightly in the past decade, most likely due to more aggressive treatment approaches and increased use of surgery. However, most patients still do not receive cancer-directed treatment. To improve MPM management, and ultimately survival, care should be centralized in expert medical centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine L de Boer
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Job P van Kooten
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald A M Damhuis
- Department of Research, Comprehensive Cancer Organization, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joachim G J V Aerts
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis Verhoef
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eva V E Madsen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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55
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Hinz TK, Heasley LE. Translating mesothelioma molecular genomics and dependencies into precision oncology-based therapies. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 61:11-22. [PMID: 31546009 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare, yet lethal asbestos-induced cancer and despite marked efforts to reduce occupational exposure, the incidence has not yet significantly declined. Since 2003, combined treatment with a platinum-based agent and pemetrexed has been the first-line therapy and no effective or approved second-line treatments have emerged. The seemingly slow advance in developing new MPM treatments does not appear to be related to a low level of clinical and pre-clinical research activity. Rather, we suggest that a key hurdle in successfully translating basic discovery into novel MPM therapeutics is the underlying assumption that as a rare cancer, it will also be molecularly and genetically homogeneous. In fact, lung adenocarcinoma and melanoma only benefitted from precision oncology upon full appreciation of the high degree of molecular heterogeneity inherent in these cancers, especially regarding the diversity of oncogenic drivers. Herein, we consider the recent explosion of molecular and genetic information that has become available regarding MPM and suggest ways in which the unfolding landscape may guide identification of novel therapeutic vulnerabilities within subsets of MPM that can be targeted in a manner consistent with the tenets of precision oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trista K Hinz
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Lynn E Heasley
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States.
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56
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Doix B, Trempolec N, Riant O, Feron O. Low Photosensitizer Dose and Early Radiotherapy Enhance Antitumor Immune Response of Photodynamic Therapy-Based Dendritic Cell Vaccination. Front Oncol 2019; 9:811. [PMID: 31508370 PMCID: PMC6718637 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have highlighted the potential of photodynamic therapy (PDT) to induce immunogenic cell death (ICD). The clinical use of photosensitizers (PS) to stimulate an anticancer immune response, and not to sterilize tumor cells, may however require some optimizations. Here, we examined how the dose of PS and the scheduling of PDT influence the generation of danger-associated molecular patterns proteins (DAMPs) and favor T cell antitumor activity. We found that upon photoactivation, a low dose of the non-porphyrinic PS OR141 was more prone than higher doses to induce DAMPs in vitro and to inhibit squamous cell carcinoma growth in mice. We further used PDT-killed cancer cells to prime dendritic cells (DC) and stimulate their maturation to evaluate whether the timing of their injection could influence the antitumor effects of radiotherapy. While PDT-based DC vaccination administered before radiotherapy failed to increase tumor growth inhibition, DC injection in the peri-radiotherapy period led to significant tumor growth delay, emphasizing the importance of the coincidence of T cell activation and alterations of the tumor bed. In conclusion, the use of OR141 as a bona fide ICD inducer led us to unravel both the non-linear relationship between PS concentration and PDT-induced antitumor immune response, and the value of an optimal timing of PDT when co-administered with conventional anticancer therapies. This study therefore stresses the necessity of adapting the clinical use of PDT when the goal is to promote an immune response and identifies PDT-based DC vaccination as a suitable modality to reach such objective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastien Doix
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Natalia Trempolec
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olivier Riant
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis (IMCN/MOST), UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Olivier Feron
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
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57
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Klampatsa A, O'Brien SM, Thompson JC, Rao AS, Stadanlick JE, Martinez MC, Liousia M, Cantu E, Cengel K, Moon EK, Singhal S, Eruslanov EB, Albelda SM. Phenotypic and functional analysis of malignant mesothelioma tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Oncoimmunology 2019; 8:e1638211. [PMID: 31428531 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2019.1638211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the growing interest and promising preliminary results of immunotherapy in malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM), it has become important to more fully understand the immune landscape in this tumor. This may be especially relevant in deciding who might benefit most from checkpoint blockade or agonist antibody therapy. Since the phenotype of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in MPM has not been fully described and their function has not been carefully assessed, we collected fresh tumor and blood from 22 patients undergoing surgical resection and analysed single cell suspensions by flow cytometry. The functionality of TILs was assessed by measurement of cytokine expression (IFN-γ) following overnight stimulation ex vivo. Results showed low numbers of CD8+ TILs whose function was either moderately or severely suppressed. The degree of TIL hypofunction did not correlate with the presence of co-existing macrophages or neutrophils, nor with expression of the inhibitory receptors PD-1, CD39 and CTLA-4. Hypofunction was associated with higher numbers of CD4 regulatory T cells (Tregs) and with expression of the inhibitory receptor TIGIT. On the other hand, presence of tissue-resident memory (Trm) cells and expression of TIM-3 on CD8+ cells were positively associated with cytokine production. However, Trm function was partially suppressed when the transcription factor Eomesodermin (Eomes) was co-expressed. Understanding the function of TILs in malignant mesothelioma may have clinical implications for immunotherapy, especially in choosing the best immunotherapy targets. Our data suggests that Treg cell blocking agents or TIGIT inhibitor antibodies might be especially valuable in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astero Klampatsa
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shaun M O'Brien
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Thompson
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Abhishek S Rao
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jason E Stadanlick
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marina C Martinez
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Maria Liousia
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Edward Cantu
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Keith Cengel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Edmund K Moon
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sunil Singhal
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Evgeniy B Eruslanov
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Steven M Albelda
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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PKHB1 Tumor Cell Lysate Induces Antitumor Immune System Stimulation and Tumor Regression in Syngeneic Mice with Tumoral T Lymphoblasts. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2019; 2019:9852361. [PMID: 31275386 PMCID: PMC6582786 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9852361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) is the most common pediatric cancer. Currently, treatment options for patients with relapsed and refractory ALL mostly rely on immunotherapies. However, hematological cancers are commonly associated with a low immunogenicity and immune tolerance, which may contribute to leukemia relapse and the difficulties associated with the development of effective immunotherapies against this disease. We recently demonstrated that PKHB1, a TSP1-derived CD47 agonist peptide, induces immunogenic cell death (ICD) in T cell ALL (T-ALL). Cell death induced by PKHB1 on T-ALL cell lines and their homologous murine, L5178Y-R (T-murine tumor lymphoblast cell line), induced damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) exposure and release. Additionally, a prophylactic vaccination with PKHB1-treated L5178Y-R cells prevented tumor establishment in vivo in all the cases. Due to the immunogenic potential of PKHB1-treated cells, in this study we assessed their ability to induce antitumor immune responses ex vivo and in vivo in an established tumor. We first confirmed the selectivity of cell death induced by PKBH1 in tumor L5178Y-R cells and observed that calreticulin exposure increased when cell death increased. Then, we found that the tumor cell lysate (TCL) obtained from PKHB1-treated L5178YR tumor cells (PKHB1-TCL) was able to induce, ex vivo, dendritic cells maturation, cytokine production, and T cell antitumor responses. Finally, our results show that in vivo, PKHB1-TCL treatment induces tumor regression in syngeneic mice transplanted with L5178Y-R cells, increasing their overall survival and protecting them from further tumor establishment after tumor rechallenge. Altogether our results highlight the immunogenicity of the cell death induced by PKHB1 activation of CD47 as a potential therapeutic tool to overcome the low immunogenicity and immune tolerance in T-ALL.
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59
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Belderbos RA, Baas P, Berardi R, Cornelissen R, Fennell DA, van Meerbeeck JP, Scherpereel A, Vroman H, Aerts JGJV. A multicenter, randomized, phase II/III study of dendritic cells loaded with allogeneic tumor cell lysate (MesoPher) in subjects with mesothelioma as maintenance therapy after chemotherapy: DENdritic cell Immunotherapy for Mesothelioma (DENIM) trial. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2019; 8:280-285. [PMID: 31367541 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr.2019.05.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive, treatment resistant neoplasm. The current treatment, consisting of antifolate and platinum-based chemotherapy, improves the median overall survival with only 3 months. Adjuvant bevacizumab generates an additional 2 months survival benefit. Checkpoint inhibitors (CI) have shown promising clinical effects in only a minority of patients. A possible reason is that MPM patients have low numbers of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T-cells. Dendritic cell (DC) therapy can induce an immune response and activate tumor-specific CD8+ T-cells. Allogeneic mesothelioma tumor-lysate loaded DC therapy has proven effective in mice and safe and feasible in humans. We have designed a randomized, phase II/III, multicenter, open-label trial to examine the efficacy of DC therapy in humans with histologically proven MPM. Methods In this open-label, multicenter, randomized phase II/III trial patients will be randomized to receive either DC therapy plus best supportive care (BSC) or BSC alone according to the discretion of the local investigator after first line chemotherapy treatment. The primary end point will be overall survival. The secondary endpoints will be safety and tolerability, progression-free survival, overall response rate and quality of life. Discussion This phase II/III trial will determine whether DC therapy in patients with MPM is safe and effective as a maintenance treatment and subsequently might be a new treatment option for MPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Belderbos
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Baas
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rossana Berardi
- Clinical Oncology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Ancona, Italy
| | - Robin Cornelissen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Heleen Vroman
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joachim G J V Aerts
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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60
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Wang K, Yu X, Jiang H, Huang J, Wang H, Jiang H, Wei S, Liu L. Genome-wide expression profiling-based copy number variations and colorectal cancer risk in Chinese. Mol Carcinog 2019; 58:1324-1333. [PMID: 31001878 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Genetic factors play important roles in colorectal carcinogenesis. This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of gene expression-related copy number variations (CNVs) on the risk of colorectal cancer in Chinese. Expression Quantitative Trait Locus (eQTL) mapping was conducted to explore the most regulatable gene expressions by CNVs among the whole genome based on publicly available data. Then a case-control study was performed to evaluate the associations between copy numbers of the most regulatable genes and colorectal cancer. The influence of the target CNVs on the expression of corresponding gene and protein was verified in colorectal tissue, and the biological effects of these CNVs on cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis of colon cancer cell lines were further detected. The eQTL revealed the most significant association between CNV of HM3_CNP_342 and gene expressions of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DQA1 and HLA-DQB1 among the whole genome. The later case-control study found that amplified HLA-DQB1 was inversely associated with colorectal cancer risk (odds ratio = 0.73; 95% confidence interval: 0.58-0.93), especially among those with a family history of cancer. The positive association between amplified HLA-DQB1 and upregulation of gene and protein was validated in colorectal tissue. In addition, overexpression of HLA-DQB1 in dendritic cells promoted cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis of cocultured SW480 and HCT116 cell lines, and vice versa. Our study suggests that the amplified copy number of HLA-DQB1 is associated with lower risk of colorectal cancer and able to induce the apoptosis of colon cancer cells, which implies the potential of HLA class II in cancer predisposition and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Medical College, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Xingchen Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hongwei Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jiao Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Huanzhuo Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hongyu Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Sheng Wei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Huber A, Dammeijer F, Aerts JGJV, Vroman H. Current State of Dendritic Cell-Based Immunotherapy: Opportunities for in vitro Antigen Loading of Different DC Subsets? Front Immunol 2018; 9:2804. [PMID: 30559743 PMCID: PMC6287551 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC) based cancer immunotherapy aims at the activation of the immune system, and in particular tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) to eradicate the tumor. DCs represent a heterogeneous cell population, including conventional DCs (cDCs), consisting of cDC1s, cDC2s, plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs), and monocyte-derived DCs (moDCs). These DC subsets differ both in ontogeny and functional properties, such as the capacity to induce CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell activation. MoDCs are most frequently used for vaccination purposes, based on technical aspects such as availability and in vitro expansion. However, whether moDCs are superior over other DC subsets in inducing anti-tumor immune responses, is unknown, and likely depends on tumor type and composition of the tumor microenvironment. In this review, we discuss cellular aspects essential for DC vaccination efficacy, and the most recent findings on different DC subsets that could be used for DC-based cancer immunotherapy. This can prove valuable for the future design of more effective DC vaccines by choosing different DC subsets, and sheds light on the working mechanism of DC immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Huber
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Floris Dammeijer
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Erasmus Cancer Institute, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joachim G. J. V. Aerts
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Erasmus Cancer Institute, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Heleen Vroman
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Erasmus Cancer Institute, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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62
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van Ee TJ, Van Acker HH, van Oorschot TG, Van Tendeloo VF, Smits EL, Bakdash G, Schreibelt G, de Vries IJM. BDCA1+CD14+ Immunosuppressive Cells in Cancer, a Potential Target? Vaccines (Basel) 2018; 6:E65. [PMID: 30235890 PMCID: PMC6161086 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines6030065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC) vaccines show promising effects in cancer immunotherapy. However, their efficacy is affected by a number of factors, including (1) the quality of the DC vaccine and (2) tumor immune evasion. The recently characterized BDCA1+CD14+ immunosuppressive cells combine both aspects; their presence in DC vaccines may directly hamper vaccine efficacy, whereas, in patients, BDCA1+CD14+ cells may suppress the induced immune response in an antigen-specific manner systemically and at the tumor site. We hypothesize that BDCA1+CD14+ cells are present in a broad spectrum of cancers and demand further investigation to reveal treatment opportunities and/or improvement for DC vaccines. In this review, we summarize the findings on BDCA1+CD14+ cells in solid cancers. In addition, we evaluate the presence of BDCA1+CD14+ cells in leukemic cancers. Preliminary results suggest that the presence of BDCA1+CD14+ cells correlates with clinical features of acute and chronic myeloid leukemia. Future research focusing on the differentiation from monocytes towards BDCA1+CD14+ cells could reveal more about their cell biology and clinical significance. Targeting these cells in cancer patients may improve the outcome of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J van Ee
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen 6525 GA, The Netherlands.
| | - Heleen H Van Acker
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2000, Belgium.
| | - Tom G van Oorschot
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen 6525 GA, The Netherlands.
| | - Viggo F Van Tendeloo
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2000, Belgium.
| | - Evelien L Smits
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2000, Belgium.
- Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2000, Belgium.
| | - Ghaith Bakdash
- Allergic Inflammation Discovery Performance Unit, Respiratory Therapy Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK.
| | - Gerty Schreibelt
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen 6525 GA, The Netherlands.
| | - I Jolanda M de Vries
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen 6525 GA, The Netherlands.
- Department of Medical Oncology; Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen 6525 GA, The Netherlands.
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63
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de Goeje PL, Klaver Y, Kaijen-Lambers MEH, Langerak AW, Vroman H, Kunert A, Lamers CHJ, Aerts JGJV, Debets R, Hendriks RW. Autologous Dendritic Cell Therapy in Mesothelioma Patients Enhances Frequencies of Peripheral CD4 T Cells Expressing HLA-DR, PD-1, or ICOS. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2034. [PMID: 30245692 PMCID: PMC6137618 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a malignancy with a very poor prognosis for which new treatment options are urgently needed. We have previously shown that dendritic cell (DC) immunotherapy provides a clinically feasible treatment option. In the current study, we set out to assess the immunological changes induced by DC immunotherapy in peripheral blood of MPM patients. Methods: Peripheral blood was collected from nine patients enrolled in a phase I dose escalation study, before and after treatment with DCs that were pulsed with an allogeneic tumor lysate preparation consisting of a mixture of five cultured mesothelioma cell lines. We used immune profiling by multiplex flow cytometry to characterize different populations of immune cells. In particular, we determined frequencies of T cell subsets that showed single and combinatorial expression of multiple markers that signify T cell activation, maturation and inhibition. Therapy-induced T cell reactivity was assessed in peptide/MHC multimer stainings using mesothelin as a prototypic target antigen with confirmed expression in the clinical tumor lysate preparation. T cell receptor (TCR) diversity was evaluated by TCRB gene PCR assays. Results: We observed an increase in the numbers of B cells, CD4 and CD8 T cells, but not NK cells at 6 weeks post-treatment. The increases in B and T lymphocytes were not accompanied by major changes in T cell reactivity toward mesothelin nor in TCRB diversity. Notably, we did observe enhanced proportions of CD4 T cells expressing HLA-DR, PD-1 (at 2 weeks after onset of treatment) and ICOS (6 weeks) and a CD8 T cell population expressing LAG3 (2 weeks). Discussion: DC immunotherapy using allogeneic tumor lysate resulted in enhanced frequencies of B cells and T cells in blood. We did not detect a skewed antigen-reactivity of peripheral CD8 T cells. Interestingly, frequencies of CD4 T cells expressing activation markers and PD-1 were increased. These findings indicate a systemic activation of the adaptive immune response and may guide future immune monitoring studies of DC therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline L de Goeje
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Yarne Klaver
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology, Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Margaretha E H Kaijen-Lambers
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anton W Langerak
- Department of Immunology, Laboratory Medical Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Heleen Vroman
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - André Kunert
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology, Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Cor H J Lamers
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology, Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joachim G J V Aerts
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Reno Debets
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology, Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rudi W Hendriks
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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64
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McCambridge AJ, Napolitano A, Mansfield AS, Fennell DA, Sekido Y, Nowak AK, Reungwetwattana T, Mao W, Pass HI, Carbone M, Yang H, Peikert T. Progress in the Management of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma in 2017. J Thorac Oncol 2018; 13:606-623. [PMID: 29524617 PMCID: PMC6544834 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2018.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an uncommon, almost universally fatal, asbestos-induced malignancy. New and effective strategies for diagnosis, prognostication, and treatment are urgently needed. Herein we review the advances in MPM achieved in 2017. Whereas recent epidemiological data demonstrated that the incidence of MPM-related death continued to increase in United States between 2009 and 2015, new insight into the molecular pathogenesis and the immunological tumor microenvironment of MPM, for example, regarding the role of BRCA1 associated protein 1 and the expression programmed death receptor ligand 1, are highlighting new potential therapeutic strategies. Furthermore, there continues to be an ever-expanding number of clinical studies investigating systemic therapies for MPM. These trials are primarily focused on immunotherapy using immune checkpoint inhibitors alone or in combination with other immunotherapies and nonimmunotherapies. In addition, other promising targeted therapies, including pegylated adenosine deiminase (ADI-PEG20), which focuses on argininosuccinate synthase 1-deficient tumors, and tazemetostat, an enhancer of zeste 2 polycomb repressive complex 2 subunit inhibitor of BRCA1 associated protein 1 gene (BAP1)-deficient tumors, are currently being explored.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Napolitano
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
- Medical Oncology Department, Campus Bio-Medico, University of Rome,
Rome, Italy
| | | | - Dean A. Fennell
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester
& University Hospitals of Leicester, UK
| | - Yoshitaka Sekido
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Research
Institute, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Anna K. Nowak
- Division of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health
and Medical Sciences; National Center for Asbestos Related Diseases, University of
Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Thanyanan Reungwetwattana
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of
Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Weimin Mao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital; Key
Laboratory Diagnosis and Treatment Technology on Thoracic Oncology of Zehjiang
Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Harvey I. Pass
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, New York University, Langone
Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Haining Yang
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Tobias Peikert
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic,
Rochester, MN, USA
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