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Lin MT, Song HJ, Ding XY. Long non-coding RNAs involved in metastasis of gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:3724-3737. [PMID: 30197478 PMCID: PMC6127659 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i33.3724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most frequently diagnosed malignant diseases. The molecular mechanisms of metastasis remain unclear. Recently, studies have shown that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play critical roles in metastasis. Therefore, deeper understanding of this mechanism could provide potential diagnostic tools and therapeutic targets for metastatic GC. This review focuses on dysregulated lncRNAs in GC metastases. Due to the identification of multiple diverse mechanisms involved in GC metastasis, we classified them into seven categories, including lncRNAs related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition, regulation of degradation of extracellular matrix, angiopoiesis, vasculogenic mimicry, and immunologic escape. As the TNM stage is pivotal for evaluating the severity and prognosis of GC patients, we summarize the lncRNAs relevant to lymphatic metastasis, distant metastasis and TNM classification. This review summarizes the lncRNAs related to metastasis, which may provide insight into the mechanisms, and provide potential markers for prognostic prediction and monitoring the relapse of GC.
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MESH Headings
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Cell Movement/genetics
- Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition/genetics
- Extracellular Matrix/genetics
- Extracellular Matrix/metabolism
- Extracellular Matrix/pathology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Lymphatic Metastasis
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/genetics
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/immunology
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/genetics
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/immunology
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology
- Prognosis
- RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics
- RNA, Long Noncoding/immunology
- RNA, Long Noncoding/metabolism
- Stomach Neoplasms/genetics
- Stomach Neoplasms/immunology
- Stomach Neoplasms/mortality
- Stomach Neoplasms/pathology
- Tumor Escape/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ting Lin
- Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hao-Jun Song
- Gastroenterology Department, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo 315000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiao-Yun Ding
- Gastroenterology Department, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo 315000, Zhejiang Province, China
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Li H, Xia JQ, Zhu FS, Xi ZH, Pan CY, Gu LM, Tian YZ. LPS promotes the expression of PD-L1 in gastric cancer cells through NF-κB activation. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:9997-10004. [PMID: 30145830 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancers are a group of highly aggressive malignancies with a huge disease burden worldwide. Gastric infections, such as helicobacter pylori, can induce the occurrence of gastric cancers. However, the role of gastric infection in gastric cancer development is unclear. Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1, B7-H1) is a member of the B7 family of cell surface ligands, which binds the PD-1 transmembrane receptor and inhibits T-cell activation within cancer tissues. It has been reported that the expression of PD-L1 is inversely related to the prognosis of patients with gastric cancers. Therefore, the regulation of PD-L1 expression in gastric cancers needs to be studied. In the current study, we explored the possible effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on PD-L1 expression in gastric cancer cells. We observed that LPS stimulation could markedly increase PD-L1 expression in gastric cancer cells. Furthermore, we found that nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation was involved in PD-L1 expression in gastric cancer cells exposed to LPS stimulation through p65-binding to the PD-L1 promoter. Taken together, these data indicate that gastric infection might promote the development of gastric cancers thought the LPS-NF-κB-PD-L1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun-Quan Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fang-Shi Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhao-Hong Xi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cheng-Yu Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li-Mei Gu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yao-Zhou Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Lei L, Chen J, Huang J, Lu J, Pei S, Ding S, Kang L, Xiao R, Zeng Q. Functions and regulatory mechanisms of metastasis‐associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:134-151. [PMID: 30132842 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Lei
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha Hunan China
- Department of Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Dermatology Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Jinhua Huang
- Department of Dermatology Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Jianyun Lu
- Department of Dermatology Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Shiyao Pei
- Department of Dermatology Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Shu Ding
- Department of Dermatology Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Liyang Kang
- Department of Dermatology Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Rong Xiao
- Department of Dermatology Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Qinghai Zeng
- Department of Dermatology Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha Hunan China
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Zhou HJ, Wang LQ, Wang DB, Yu JB, Zhu Y, Xu QS, Zheng XJ, Zhan RY. Long noncoding RNA MALAT1 contributes to inflammatory response of microglia following spinal cord injury via the modulation of a miR-199b/IKKβ/NF-κB signaling pathway. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2018; 315:C52-C61. [PMID: 29631367 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00278.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) was widely recognized to be implicated in human cancer, vascular diseases, and neurological disorders. This study was to explore the role and underlying mechanism of MALAT1 in acute spinal cord injury (ASCI). ASCI models in adult rats were established and demonstrated by a numerical decrease in BBB scores. Expression profile of MALAT1 and miR-199b following ASCI in rats and in vitro was determined using quantitative real-time PCR. RNA pull-down assays combined with RIP assays were performed to explore the interaction between MALAT1 and miR-199b. In the present study, MALAT1 expression was significantly increased (2.4-fold that of control) in the spinal cord of the rat contusion epicenter accompanied by activation of IKKβ/NF-κB signaling pathway and an increase in the level of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β. Upon treatment with LPS, MALAT1 expression dramatically increased in the microglia in vitro, but knockdown of MALAT1 attenuated LPS-induced activation of MGs and TNF-α and IL-1β production. Next, we confirmed that LPS-induced MALAT1 activated IKKβ/NF-κB signaling pathway and promoted the production of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β through downregulating miR-199b. More importantly, MALAT1 knockdown gradually improved the hindlimb locomotor activity of ASCI rats as well as inhibited TNF-α, IL-1β levels, and Iba-1 protein, the marker of activated microglia in injured spinal cords. Our study demonstrated that MALAT1 was dysregulated in ASCI rats and in LPS-activated MGs, and MALAT1 knockdown was expected to attenuate ASCI through repressing inflammatory response of MGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng-Jun Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li-Qing Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Duan-Bu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Bo Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qing-Sheng Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiu-Jue Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ren-Ya Zhan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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