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Salt IP, Palmer TM. Exploiting the anti-inflammatory effects of AMP-activated protein kinase activation. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2012; 21:1155-67. [PMID: 22694351 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2012.696609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is the downstream component of a serine/threonine protein kinase cascade involved in the regulation of metabolism. Many studies have also revealed that AMPK activation can exert significant anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects in a variety of cell types and models of inflammatory/autoimmune disease. Because metformin, an AMPK activator that is a favored first-line therapeutic option for type 2 diabetes, may confer benefits in chronic inflammatory diseases and cancers independent of its ability to normalize blood glucose, there is now considerable interest in identifying and exploiting AMPK's anti-inflammatory effects. AREAS COVERED The authors provide a background to AMPK signaling and describe the pro-inflammatory signaling pathways and processes shown to be regulated by AMPK activation. EXPERT OPINION Identification of AMPK subunits responsible for specific anti-inflammatory effects, and a molecular understanding of the mechanisms involved, will be necessary to exploit AMPK pathway activation in acute and chronic inflammatory disease settings while minimizing adverse reactions due to deregulation of AMPK's wide-ranging effects on metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian P Salt
- University of Glasgow, Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, UK
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52
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Huh JY, Son DJ, Lee Y, Lee J, Kim B, Lee HM, Jo H, Choi S, Ha H, Chung MH. 8-Hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine prevents plaque formation and inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell activation through Rac1 inactivation. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 53:109-21. [PMID: 22580124 PMCID: PMC5489255 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Revised: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
8-Hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), a marker of oxidative stress, has been recently rediscovered to inhibit Rac1 in neutrophils and macrophages, thereby inhibiting Rac1-linked functions of these cells, including reactive oxygen species production through NADPH oxidase activation, phagocytosis, chemotaxis, and cytokine release. In vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), reactive oxygen species also induce abnormal proliferation and migration leading to progression of atherosclerosis. Based upon the involvement of reactive oxygen species in phagocytic cells and VSMCs during the atherosclerotic process, we hypothesized that 8-OHdG could have antiatherosclerotic action and tested this hypothesis in an experimentally induced atherosclerosis in mice. Partially ligated ApoE knockout mice, a more physiologically relevant model of low and oscillatory flow, developed an advanced lesion in 2 weeks, and orally administered 8-OHdG significantly reduced plaque formation along with reduced superoxide formation, monocyte/macrophage infiltration, and extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation. The effects of 8-OHdG observed in primary VSMCs were consistent with the in vivo effects of 8-OHdG and were inhibitory to angiotensin II or platelet-derived growth factor-induced production of reactive oxygen species, proliferation, migration, and ECM production. Also, angiotensin II-induced Rac1 activity in VSMCs was significantly inhibited by 8-OHdG, and transfection of constitutively active Rac1 reversed the inhibitory effect of 8-OHdG on VSMC activation. Molecular docking study showed that 8-OHdG stabilizes Rac1-GEF complex, indicating the physical contact of 8-OHdG with Rac1. These findings highly suggest that the antiatherosclerotic effect of 8-OHdG is mediated by inhibition of Rac1 activity. In conclusion, our results show a novel action of orally active 8-OHdG in suppressing atherosclerotic plaque formation in vivo and VSMC activation in vitro through inhibition of Rac1, which emphasizes a new therapeutic avenue to benefit atherosclerosis.
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MESH Headings
- 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine
- Angiotensin II/pharmacology
- Animals
- Apolipoproteins E/physiology
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Chemotaxis/drug effects
- Deoxyguanosine/analogs & derivatives
- Deoxyguanosine/pharmacology
- Immunoenzyme Techniques
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Models, Molecular
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/metabolism
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/prevention & control
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Superoxides/metabolism
- Vasoconstrictor Agents/pharmacology
- rac1 GTP-Binding Protein/antagonists & inhibitors
- rac1 GTP-Binding Protein/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Young Huh
- Division of Life & Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cell Signaling & Drug Discovery Research, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Dong Ju Son
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Yoonji Lee
- Division of Life & Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cell Signaling & Drug Discovery Research, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Junghyun Lee
- Division of Life & Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cell Signaling & Drug Discovery Research, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Boyeon Kim
- Division of Life & Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cell Signaling & Drug Discovery Research, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Hwan Myung Lee
- Department of Cosmetic Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hoseo University, Asan, Korea
| | - Hanjoong Jo
- Department of Bioinspired Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Sun Choi
- Division of Life & Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cell Signaling & Drug Discovery Research, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
- Corresponding author. (S. Choi), (H. Ha)
| | - Hunjoo Ha
- Division of Life & Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cell Signaling & Drug Discovery Research, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
- Department of Bioinspired Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
- Corresponding author. Fax: +82 2 3277 2851
| | - Myung-Hee Chung
- Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sung Kyun Kwan University, Seoul, Korea
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53
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Lassègue B, San Martín A, Griendling KK. Biochemistry, physiology, and pathophysiology of NADPH oxidases in the cardiovascular system. Circ Res 2012; 110:1364-90. [PMID: 22581922 PMCID: PMC3365576 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.111.243972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 610] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 03/09/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The NADPH oxidase (Nox) enzymes are critical mediators of cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology. These proteins are expressed in virtually all cardiovascular cells, and regulate such diverse functions as differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, senescence, inflammatory responses and oxygen sensing. They target a number of important signaling molecules, including kinases, phosphatases, transcription factors, ion channels, and proteins that regulate the cytoskeleton. Nox enzymes have been implicated in many different cardiovascular pathologies: atherosclerosis, hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling, angiogenesis and collateral formation, stroke, and heart failure. In this review, we discuss in detail the biochemistry of Nox enzymes expressed in the cardiovascular system (Nox1, 2, 4, and 5), their roles in cardiovascular cell biology, and their contributions to disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Lassègue
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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54
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Oelze M, Knorr M, Kröller-Schön S, Kossmann S, Gottschlich A, Rümmler R, Schuff A, Daub S, Doppler C, Kleinert H, Gori T, Daiber A, Münzel T. Chronic therapy with isosorbide-5-mononitrate causes endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and a marked increase in vascular endothelin-1 expression. Eur Heart J 2012; 34:3206-16. [PMID: 22555214 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehs100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Isosorbide-5-mononitrate (ISMN) is one of the most frequently used compounds in the treatment of coronary artery disease predominantly in the USA. However, ISMN was reported to induce endothelial dysfunction, which was corrected by vitamin C pointing to a crucial role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in causing this phenomenon. We sought to elucidate the mechanism how ISMN causes endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress in vascular tissue. METHODS AND RESULTS Male Wistar rats (n= 69 in total) were treated with ISMN (75 mg/kg/day) or placebo for 7 days. Endothelin (ET) expression was determined by immunohistochemistry in aortic sections. Isosorbide-5-mononitrate infusion caused significant endothelial dysfunction but no tolerance to ISMN itself, whereas ROS formation and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotidephosphate (NADPH) oxidase activity in the aorta, heart, and whole blood were increased. Isosorbide-5-mononitrate up-regulated the expression of NADPH subunits and caused uncoupling of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) likely due to a down-regulation of the tetrahydrobiopterin-synthesizing enzyme GTP-cyclohydrolase-1 and to S-glutathionylation of eNOS. The adverse effects of ISMN were improved in gp91phox knockout mice and normalized by bosentan in vivo/ex vivo treatment and suppressed by apocynin. In addition, a strong increase in the expression of ET within the endothelial cell layer and the adventitia was observed. CONCLUSION Chronic treatment with ISMN causes endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress, predominantly by an ET-dependent activation of the vascular and phagocytic NADPH oxidase activity and NOS uncoupling. These findings may explain at least in part results from a retrospective analysis indicating increased mortality in post-infarct patients in response to long-term treatment with mononitrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Oelze
- 2nd Medical Clinic, Department of Cardiology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
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55
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Takac I, Schröder K, Brandes RP. The Nox family of NADPH oxidases: friend or foe of the vascular system? Curr Hypertens Rep 2012; 14:70-8. [PMID: 22071588 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-011-0238-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) oxidases are important sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In the vascular system, ROS can have both beneficial and detrimental effects. Under physiologic conditions, ROS are involved in signaling pathways that regulate vascular tone as well as cellular processes like proliferation, migration and differentiation. However, high doses of ROS, which are produced after induction or activation of NADPH oxidases in response to cardiovascular risk factors and inflammation, contribute to the development of endothelial dysfunction and vascular disease. In vascular cells, the NADPH oxidase isoforms Nox1, Nox2, Nox4, and Nox5 are expressed, which differ in their activity, response to stimuli, and the type of ROS released. This review focuses on the specific role of different NADPH oxidase isoforms in vascular physiology and their potential contributions to vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Takac
- Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Physiologie, Fachbereich Medizin der Goethe-Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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56
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Song P, Zou MH. Regulation of NAD(P)H oxidases by AMPK in cardiovascular systems. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 52:1607-19. [PMID: 22357101 PMCID: PMC3341493 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2011] [Revised: 01/25/2012] [Accepted: 01/27/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are ubiquitously produced in cardiovascular systems. Under physiological conditions, ROS/RNS function as signaling molecules that are essential in maintaining cardiovascular function. Aberrant concentrations of ROS/RNS have been demonstrated in cardiovascular diseases owing to increased production or decreased scavenging, which have been considered common pathways for the initiation and progression of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, (re)stenosis, and congestive heart failure. NAD(P)H oxidases are primary sources of ROS and can be induced or activated by all known cardiovascular risk factors. Stresses, hormones, vasoactive agents, and cytokines via different signaling cascades control the expression and activity of these enzymes and of their regulatory subunits. But the molecular mechanisms by which NAD(P)H oxidase is regulated in cardiovascular systems remain poorly characterized. Investigations by us and others suggest that adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), as an energy sensor and modulator, is highly sensitive to ROS/RNS. We have also obtained convincing evidence that AMPK is a physiological suppressor of NAD(P)H oxidase in multiple cardiovascular cell systems. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of how AMPK functions as a physiological repressor of NAD(P)H oxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ming-Hui Zou
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Ming-Hui Zou, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, 941 Stanton L. Young Blvd., Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA, Phone: 405-271-3974, Fax: 405-271-3973,
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57
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Abstract
AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) is one of the key players in maintaining intracellular homoeostasis. AMPK is well known as an energy sensor and can be activated by increased intracellular AMP levels. Generally, the activation of AMPK turns on catabolic pathways that generate ATP, while inhibiting cell proliferation and biosynthetic processes that consume ATP. In recent years, intensive investigations on the regulation and the function of AMPK indicates that AMPK not only functions as an intracellular energy sensor and regulator, but is also a general stress sensor that is important in maintaining intracellular homoeostasis during many kinds of stress challenges. In the present paper, we will review recent literature showing that AMPK functions far beyond its proposed energy sensor and regulator function. AMPK regulates ROS (reactive oxygen species)/redox balance, autophagy, cell proliferation, cell apoptosis, cellular polarity, mitochondrial function and genotoxic response, either directly or indirectly via numerous downstream pathways under physiological and pathological conditions.
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58
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Modulation of AT-1R/AMPK-MAPK cascade plays crucial role for the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy in transgenic type 2 diabetic (Spontaneous Diabetic Torii) rats. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 83:653-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Revised: 11/19/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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59
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Chedid P, Hurtado-Nedelec M, Marion-Gaber B, Bournier O, Hayem G, Gougerot-Pocidalo MA, Frystyk J, Flyvbjerg A, El Benna J, Marie JC. Adiponectin and its globular fragment differentially modulate the oxidative burst of primary human phagocytes. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2011; 180:682-92. [PMID: 22119038 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Revised: 10/05/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Adiponectin (Acrp30) belongs to the family of C1q/tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)-related proteins. Acrp30 circulates as multimers of high, middle, and low molecular weight. In this study, we detected Acrp30 and its globular fragment (gAcrp30) in synovial fluid from rheumatoid arthritis patients. Intriguingly, the LMW form was more abundant in synovial fluid than in serum from both rheumatoid arthritis patients and healthy subjects. We also investigated the effects of Acrp30 and gAcrp30 on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production via the phagocytic NADPH oxidase. Acrp30 inhibited fMLF-induced ROS production by human phagocytes, whereas gAcrp30 enhanced it. gAcrp30's effect is additive with TNFα, whereas Acrp30 inhibited TNFα-induced priming. gAcrp30 enhanced NOX-2 expression at the plasma membrane, with a concomitant increase in p47(phox) phosphorylation. Selective inhibitors of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (ERK1)/2 abrogated p47(phox) phosphorylation by gAcrp30. In contrast, p47(phox) phosphorylation was inhibited by Acrp30 in association with increased AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation in phagocytes. These results suggest that human phagocyte ROS production is regulated by different mechanisms selective for Acrp30 versus gAcrp30. An imbalance between gAcrp30 and higher molecular weight isoforms of Acrp30 might contribute to chronic inflammation by regulating NADPH oxidase.
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Gayard M, Guilluy C, Rousselle A, Viollet B, Henrion D, Pacaud P, Loirand G, Rolli-Derkinderen M. AMPK Alpha 1-Induced RhoA Phosphorylation Mediates Vasoprotective Effect of Estradiol. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2011; 31:2634-42. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.111.228304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective—
Estradiol (E2) mediates numerous beneficial effects assigned to estrogens, but whereas mechanisms have been described at the endothelial level, direct effects on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) are poorly documented. As evidence accumulates regarding the role of RhoA in vascular pathophysiology and the benefit of RhoA-Rho associated protein kinase (Rock) pathway inhibition, we analyzed if E2 could inhibit it in VSMC.
Methods and Results—
We show that in VSMC, E2 inhibits the RhoA-Rock pathway in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. The inhibition of RhoA-Rock pathway results from E2-induced phosphorylation of the Ser188 of RhoA. Using pharmacological, transfection, and in vitro phosphorylation experiments, we demonstrate that AMP-activated protein kinase subunit alpha 1 (AMPKα1) is activated by estrogen receptor stimulation and catalyzes RhoA phosphorylation induced by E2. Ex vivo, ovariectomy leads to an increase in the amplitude of phenylephrine- or serotonine-induced contractions of aortic rings in wild-type mice but not in AMPKα1-knock-out mice or E2-supplemented animals. These functional effects were correlated with a reduced level of RhoA phosphorylation in the aorta of ovariectomized female, male, and AMPKα1 knock-out mice.
Conclusion—
Our work thus defines AMPKα1 as (1) a new kinase for RhoA and (2) a new mediator of the vasoprotective effects of estrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Gayard
- From the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) (M.G., C.G., A.R., P.P., G.L., M.R.D.), UMR915, Institut du Thorax, Nantes, France; Institut Cochin (B.V.), Université Paris Descartes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) (UMR 8104), Paris, France; INSERM (B.V.), U567, Paris, France; CNRS UMR 6214 (D.H.), Angers, France; Université de Nantes and CHU Nantes (P.P., G.L.), Nantes, France
| | - Christophe Guilluy
- From the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) (M.G., C.G., A.R., P.P., G.L., M.R.D.), UMR915, Institut du Thorax, Nantes, France; Institut Cochin (B.V.), Université Paris Descartes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) (UMR 8104), Paris, France; INSERM (B.V.), U567, Paris, France; CNRS UMR 6214 (D.H.), Angers, France; Université de Nantes and CHU Nantes (P.P., G.L.), Nantes, France
| | - Anthony Rousselle
- From the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) (M.G., C.G., A.R., P.P., G.L., M.R.D.), UMR915, Institut du Thorax, Nantes, France; Institut Cochin (B.V.), Université Paris Descartes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) (UMR 8104), Paris, France; INSERM (B.V.), U567, Paris, France; CNRS UMR 6214 (D.H.), Angers, France; Université de Nantes and CHU Nantes (P.P., G.L.), Nantes, France
| | - Benoit Viollet
- From the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) (M.G., C.G., A.R., P.P., G.L., M.R.D.), UMR915, Institut du Thorax, Nantes, France; Institut Cochin (B.V.), Université Paris Descartes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) (UMR 8104), Paris, France; INSERM (B.V.), U567, Paris, France; CNRS UMR 6214 (D.H.), Angers, France; Université de Nantes and CHU Nantes (P.P., G.L.), Nantes, France
| | - Daniel Henrion
- From the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) (M.G., C.G., A.R., P.P., G.L., M.R.D.), UMR915, Institut du Thorax, Nantes, France; Institut Cochin (B.V.), Université Paris Descartes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) (UMR 8104), Paris, France; INSERM (B.V.), U567, Paris, France; CNRS UMR 6214 (D.H.), Angers, France; Université de Nantes and CHU Nantes (P.P., G.L.), Nantes, France
| | - Pierre Pacaud
- From the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) (M.G., C.G., A.R., P.P., G.L., M.R.D.), UMR915, Institut du Thorax, Nantes, France; Institut Cochin (B.V.), Université Paris Descartes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) (UMR 8104), Paris, France; INSERM (B.V.), U567, Paris, France; CNRS UMR 6214 (D.H.), Angers, France; Université de Nantes and CHU Nantes (P.P., G.L.), Nantes, France
| | - Gervaise Loirand
- From the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) (M.G., C.G., A.R., P.P., G.L., M.R.D.), UMR915, Institut du Thorax, Nantes, France; Institut Cochin (B.V.), Université Paris Descartes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) (UMR 8104), Paris, France; INSERM (B.V.), U567, Paris, France; CNRS UMR 6214 (D.H.), Angers, France; Université de Nantes and CHU Nantes (P.P., G.L.), Nantes, France
| | - Malvyne Rolli-Derkinderen
- From the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) (M.G., C.G., A.R., P.P., G.L., M.R.D.), UMR915, Institut du Thorax, Nantes, France; Institut Cochin (B.V.), Université Paris Descartes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) (UMR 8104), Paris, France; INSERM (B.V.), U567, Paris, France; CNRS UMR 6214 (D.H.), Angers, France; Université de Nantes and CHU Nantes (P.P., G.L.), Nantes, France
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Song P, Wang S, He C, Wang S, Liang B, Viollet B, Zou MH. AMPKα2 deletion exacerbates neointima formation by upregulating Skp2 in vascular smooth muscle cells. Circ Res 2011; 109:1230-9. [PMID: 21980125 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.111.250423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a metabolic and redox sensor, is reported to suppress cell proliferation of nonmalignant and tumor cells. Whether AMPKα alters vascular neointima formation induced by vascular injury is unknown. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the roles of AMPKα in the development of vascular neointima hyperplasia and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and neointimal hyperplasia were evaluated in cultured VSMCs and wire-injured mouse carotid arteries from wild-type (WT, C57BL/6J), AMPKα2(-/-), and AMPKα1(-/-) mice. Mouse VSMCs derived from aortas of AMPKα2(-/-) mice exhibited increased proliferation compared with either WT or AMPKα1(-/-) VSMCs. Further, deletion of AMPKα2 but not AMPKα1 reduced the level of p27(Kip1), a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, and increased the level of S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (Skp2), a known E3 ubiquitin ligase for p27(Kip1), through activation of p52 nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)-2. Moreover, either pharmacological (ie, through compound C) or genetical (ie, through AMPKα2-specific siRNA) inhibition of AMPK decreased p27(Kip1) levels but increased the abundance of Skp2 in human VSMCs. Furthermore, gene silencing of Skp2 reversed the levels of p27(Kip1) and VSMCs proliferation. Finally, neointima formation after mechanical arterial injury was increased in AMPKα2(-/-) but not AMPKα1(-/-) mice. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that deletion of AMPKα2 through p52-Skp2-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of p27(Kip1) accentuates neointimal hyperplasia in response to wire injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Song
- Section of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, 73104, USA.
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Tsai KL, Chen LH, Chiou SH, Chiou GY, Chen YC, Chou HY, Chen LK, Chen HY, Chiu TH, Tsai CS, Ou HC, Kao CL. Coenzyme Q10 suppresses oxLDL-induced endothelial oxidative injuries by the modulation of LOX-1-mediated ROS generation via the AMPK/PKC/NADPH oxidase signaling pathway. Mol Nutr Food Res 2011; 55 Suppl 2:S227-40. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201100147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2011] [Revised: 05/28/2011] [Accepted: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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63
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Piwkowska A, Rogacka D, Jankowski M, Angielski S. Extracellular ATP through P2 receptors activates AMP-activated protein kinase and suppresses superoxide generation in cultured mouse podocytes. Exp Cell Res 2011; 317:1904-13. [PMID: 21550339 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2011.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Revised: 04/11/2011] [Accepted: 04/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Podocytes are an important constituent of the glomerular filtration barrier. The function of these glomerular cells is affected by extracellular nucleotides through P2 receptors. The activation of P2 receptors may lead to the activation of NAD(P)H oxidase, the key enzyme in oxidative stress, with the intracellular pathways leading to intracellular ATP depletion associated with an increase in the intracellular AMP:ATP ratio. This deregulation of the energy balance activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) to restore energy homeostasis. We investigated whether P2 receptor activation influences NAD(P)H oxidase-dependent rate of superoxide anion (O(2)(•-)) generation and AMPK activity in cultured mouse podocytes. The rate of O(2)(•-) generation was measured by chemiluminescence and changes in AMPK activity were determined by immunoblotting against AMPKα-Thr(172)-P. The addition of 100 μM ATP induced a rapid and transient decrease in rate of O(2)(•-) generation and increased AMPK phosphorylation with maximal effects in the first minute (2.44±0.09 versus 1.62±0.06 nmol/mg protein/min, P<0.05 and 0.64±0.04 versus 0.97±0.07, P<0.05, respectively). Both parameters returned to control levels at 10 min. Suramin (300 μM, P2 receptor antagonist) and compound C (100μM, AMPK inhibitor) completely, and STO-609 (25 μM, CaMKK-β inhibitor) partially, prevented ATP action in rate of O(2)(•-) generation and AMPK phosphorylation. Various ATP analogues (10 μM) mimicked the effects of ATP on rate of O(2)(•-) generation and AMPK phosphorylation. The data indicate that extracellular ATP, acting through P2 receptors upstream of CaMKK-β, modulates podocyte function through simultaneous effects on AMPK and NAD(P)H oxidase activities. This mechanism may play a role in restoring energy homeostasis after oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Piwkowska
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Gdańsk, Poland.
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