51
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Grell AS, Frederiksen SD, Edvinsson L, Ansar S. Cerebrovascular gene expression in spontaneously hypertensive rats. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184233. [PMID: 28880918 PMCID: PMC5589213 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a hemodynamic disorder and one of the most important and well-established risk factors for vascular diseases such as stroke. Blood vessels exposed to chronic shear stress develop structural changes and remodeling of the vascular wall through many complex mechanisms. However, the molecular mechanisms involved are not fully understood. Hypertension-susceptible genes may provide a novel insight into potential molecular mechanisms of hypertension and secondary complications associated with hypertension. The aim of this exploratory study was to identify gene expression differences in the middle cerebral arteries between 12-week-old male spontaneously hypertensive rats and their normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats using an Affymetrix whole-transcriptome expression profiling. Quantitative PCR and western blotting were used to verify genes of interest. 169 genes were differentially expressed in the middle cerebral arteries from hypertensive compared to normotensive rats. The gene expression of 72 genes was decreased and the gene expression of 97 genes was increased. The following genes with a fold difference ≥1.40 were verified by quantitative PCR; Postn, Olr1, Fas, Vldlr, Mmp2, Timp1, Serpine1, Mmp11, Cd34, Ptgs1 and Ptgs2. The gene expression of Postn, Olr1, Fas, Vldlr, Mmp2, Timp1 and Serpine1 and the protein expression of LOX1 (also known as OLR1) were significantly increased in the middle cerebral arteries from spontaneously hypertensive rats compared to Wistar-Kyoto rats. In conclusion, the identified genes in the middle cerebral arteries from spontaneously hypertensive rats could be possible mediators of the vascular changes and secondary complications associated with hypertension. This study supports the selection of key genes to investigate in the future research of hypertension-induced end-organ damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sofie Grell
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Simona Denise Frederiksen
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Lars Edvinsson
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
- Division of Experimental Vascular Research, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Saema Ansar
- Division of Experimental Vascular Research, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Sphingosine Kinase 1: A Potential Therapeutic Target in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension? Trends Mol Med 2017; 23:786-798. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Kan M, Shumyatcher M, Himes BE. Using omics approaches to understand pulmonary diseases. Respir Res 2017; 18:149. [PMID: 28774304 PMCID: PMC5543452 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-017-0631-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Omics approaches are high-throughput unbiased technologies that provide snapshots of various aspects of biological systems and include: 1) genomics, the measure of DNA variation; 2) transcriptomics, the measure of RNA expression; 3) epigenomics, the measure of DNA alterations not involving sequence variation that influence RNA expression; 4) proteomics, the measure of protein expression or its chemical modifications; and 5) metabolomics, the measure of metabolite levels. Our understanding of pulmonary diseases has increased as a result of applying these omics approaches to characterize patients, uncover mechanisms underlying drug responsiveness, and identify effects of environmental exposures and interventions. As more tissue- and cell-specific omics data is analyzed and integrated for diverse patients under various conditions, there will be increased identification of key mechanisms that underlie pulmonary biological processes, disease endotypes, and novel therapeutics that are efficacious in select individuals. We provide a synopsis of how omics approaches have advanced our understanding of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), and we highlight ongoing work that will facilitate pulmonary disease precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Kan
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, 402 Blockley Hall 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Maya Shumyatcher
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, 402 Blockley Hall 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Blanca E. Himes
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, 402 Blockley Hall 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
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Blindbæk SL, Schlosser A, Green A, Holmskov U, Sorensen GL, Grauslund J. Association between microfibrillar-associated protein 4 (MFAP4) and micro- and macrovascular complications in long-term type 1 diabetes mellitus. Acta Diabetol 2017; 54:367-372. [PMID: 28039584 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-016-0953-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate microfibrillar-associated protein 4 (MFAP4) as a marker of micro- and macrovascular complications in patients with type 1 diabetes. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 203 persons with a long duration of type 1 diabetes from a population-based cohort ascertained in the former Funen County, Denmark. Detection of plasma-MFAP4 (pMFAP4) was performed by the AlphaLISA Technique. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) was graded in accordance with the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study adaptation of the modified Airlie House classification. A monofilament test was used to test for neuropathy, and nephropathy was evaluated in a single spot urine sample. Data describing macrovascular disease were obtained from the Danish National Patient Register. RESULTS Median age and duration of diabetes were 58.7 and 43 years, respectively, and 61% were males. High levels of pMFAP4 were found in participants of old age, in women and in non-smokers (p < 0.05). In a multiple logistic regression model, patients with high levels of pMFAP4 were more likely to have diabetic neuropathy (OR 2.47 for quartile 4 versus quartile 1, 95% CI 1.01-6.03). No association was found between pMFAP4 and proliferative diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy or macrovascular disease. CONCLUSIONS No association between pMFAP4 and macrovascular vascular complications was found. However, high levels of pMFAP4 correlated independently with diabetic neuropathy. Further studies on the predictive value of increased circulating MFAP4 in diabetic neuropathy are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Blindbæk
- Department of Ophthalmology, Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5000, Odense C, Denmark.
| | - A Schlosser
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 21-25, 5000, Odense C, Denmark
| | - A Green
- OPEN, Odense Patient data Exploratory Network, Odense University Hospital, J.B. Winsløws Vej 9 A, 3rd floor, 5000, Odense C, Denmark
- OPEN, Odense Patient data Exploratory Network, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 9 A, 3rd floor, 5000, Odense C, Denmark
| | - U Holmskov
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 21-25, 5000, Odense C, Denmark
| | - G L Sorensen
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 21-25, 5000, Odense C, Denmark
| | - J Grauslund
- Department of Ophthalmology, Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5000, Odense C, Denmark
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Kuebler WM. Vascular Calcification in Pulmonary Hypertension. Another Brick in the Wall. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2016; 194:1187-1189. [PMID: 27845577 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201606-1170ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang M Kuebler
- 1 The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science at St. Michael's Hospital Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,2 Department of Surgery.,3 Department of Physiology University of Toronto Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,4 Institute of Physiology Charité-Universtätsmedizin Berlin Berlin, Germany and.,5 German Heart Institute Berlin, Germany
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Ruffenach G, Chabot S, Tanguay VF, Courboulin A, Boucherat O, Potus F, Meloche J, Pflieger A, Breuils-Bonnet S, Nadeau V, Paradis R, Tremblay E, Girerd B, Hautefort A, Montani D, Fadel E, Dorfmuller P, Humbert M, Perros F, Paulin R, Provencher S, Bonnet S. Role for Runt-related Transcription Factor 2 in Proliferative and Calcified Vascular Lesions in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2016; 194:1273-1285. [DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201512-2380oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Neves GWP, Curty N, Kubitschek-Barreira PH, Fontaine T, Souza GHMF, Cunha ML, Goldman GH, Beauvais A, Latgé JP, Lopes-Bezerra LM. Dataset of differentially regulated proteins in HUVECs challenged with wild type and UGM1 mutant Aspergillus fumigatus strains. Data Brief 2016; 9:24-31. [PMID: 27622208 PMCID: PMC5008054 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2016.07.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive aspergillosis is the primary opportunistic invasive fungal infection described in neutropenic hematologic patients, caused by the angioinvasive pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus. The molecular mechanisms associated with A. fumigatus infection in the vascular endothelium are poorly understood. In this context, we used a high-throughput proteomic approach to unveil the proteins modulated in HUVECs after interaction with a wild type strain and the UGM1 mutant (Δugm1) of A. fumigatus. The proteomic analysis was also performed in HUVECs challenged with a galactosaminogalactan (GAG) purified from A. fumigatus cell wall. The dataset presented here correspond to all proteins identified that fit a 2-fold change criteria (log 2 ratio ≥ 1 or ≤ −1), disregarding the statistical validation cut off, in order to supplement the research article entitled “Modifications to the composition of the hyphal outer layer of Aspergillus fumigatus modulates the HUVEC proteins associated with inflammatory and stress responses” (G.W.P. Neves, N.A. Curty, P.H. Kubitschek-Barreira, T. Fontaine, G.H.M.F. Souza, M. Lyra Cunha, G.H. Goldman, A. Beauvais, J.P. Latgé, L.M. Lopes-Bezerra, 2016) [1]. The mass spectrometry proteomic data have been deposited in the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository with the dataset identifier PRIDE: PXD002823.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Westerlund Peixoto Neves
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Campus Maracanã, Pavilhão Haroldo Lisboa da Cunha sl 501D, CEP: 20550-013, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Nathália Curty
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Campus Maracanã, Pavilhão Haroldo Lisboa da Cunha sl 501D, CEP: 20550-013, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Paula Helena Kubitschek-Barreira
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Campus Maracanã, Pavilhão Haroldo Lisboa da Cunha sl 501D, CEP: 20550-013, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Thierry Fontaine
- Unité des Aspergillus, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724, Paris Cedex 15, France
| | | | - Marcel Lyra Cunha
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Campus Maracanã, Pavilhão Haroldo Lisboa da Cunha sl 501D, CEP: 20550-013, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gustavo H. Goldman
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas. Av. do Cafe S/N, Monte Alegre, CEP:14040-903, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Anne Beauvais
- Unité des Aspergillus, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724, Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Jean-Paul Latgé
- Unité des Aspergillus, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724, Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Leila M. Lopes-Bezerra
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Campus Maracanã, Pavilhão Haroldo Lisboa da Cunha sl 501D, CEP: 20550-013, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Corresponding author.
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58
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Neves GWP, Curty NDA, Kubitschek-Barreira PH, Fontaine T, Souza GHMF, Cunha ML, Goldman GH, Beauvais A, Latgé JP, Lopes-Bezerra LM. Modifications to the composition of the hyphal outer layer of Aspergillus fumigatus modulates HUVEC proteins related to inflammatory and stress responses. J Proteomics 2016; 151:83-96. [PMID: 27321585 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus, the main etiologic agent causing invasive aspergillosis, can induce an inflammatory response and a prothrombotic phenotype upon contact with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). However, the fungal molecules involved in this endothelial response remain unknown. A. fumigatus hyphae produce an extracellular matrix composed of galactomannan, galactosaminogalactan and α-(1,3)-glucan. In this study, we investigated the consequences of UGM1 gene deletion in A. fumigatus, which produces a mutant with increased galactosaminogalactan production. The ∆ugm1 mutant exhibited an HUVEC-hyperadhesive phenotype and induced increased endothelial TNF-α secretion and tissue factor mRNA overexpression in this "semi-professional" immune host cell. Using a shotgun proteomics approach, we show that the A. fumigatus ∆ugm1 strain can modulate the levels of proteins in important endothelial pathways related to the inflammatory response mediated by TNF-α and to stress response pathways. Furthermore, a purified galactosaminogalactan fraction was also able to induce TNF-α secretion and the coincident HUVEC pathways regulated by the ∆ugm1 mutant, which overexpresses this component, as demonstrated by fluorescence microscopy. This work contributes new data regarding endothelial mechanisms in response to A. fumigatus infection. SIGNIFICANCE Invasive aspergillosis is the main opportunistic fungal infection described in neutropenic hematologic patients. One important clinical aspect of this invasive fungal infection is vascular thrombosis, which could be related, at least in part, to the activation of endothelial cells, as shown in previous reports from our group. It is known that direct contact between the A. fumigatus hyphal cell wall and the HUVEC cell surface is necessary to induce an endothelial prothrombotic phenotype and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, though the cell surface components of this angioinvasive fungus that trigger this endothelial response are unknown. The present work employs a discovery-driven proteomics approach to reveal the role of one important cell wall polysaccharide of A. fumigatus, galactosaminogalactan, in the HUVEC interaction and the consequent mechanisms of endothelial activation. This is the first report of the overall panel of proteins related to the HUVEC response to a specific and purified cell wall component of the angioinvasive fungus A. fumigatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Westerlund Peixoto Neves
- Laboratory of Cellular Mycology and Proteomics, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Campus Maracanã, Pavilhão Haroldo Lisboa da Cunha sl 501D, CEP: 20550-013, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Nathália de Andrade Curty
- Laboratory of Cellular Mycology and Proteomics, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Campus Maracanã, Pavilhão Haroldo Lisboa da Cunha sl 501D, CEP: 20550-013, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Paula Helena Kubitschek-Barreira
- Laboratory of Cellular Mycology and Proteomics, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Campus Maracanã, Pavilhão Haroldo Lisboa da Cunha sl 501D, CEP: 20550-013, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Thierry Fontaine
- Unité des Aspergillus, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724, Paris Cedex 15, France
| | | | - Marcel Lyra Cunha
- Laboratory of Cellular Mycology and Proteomics, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Campus Maracanã, Pavilhão Haroldo Lisboa da Cunha sl 501D, CEP: 20550-013, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gustavo H Goldman
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Av. do Cafe S/N, Monte Alegre, CEP:14040-903, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Anne Beauvais
- Unité des Aspergillus, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724, Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Jean-Paul Latgé
- Unité des Aspergillus, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724, Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Leila M Lopes-Bezerra
- Laboratory of Cellular Mycology and Proteomics, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Campus Maracanã, Pavilhão Haroldo Lisboa da Cunha sl 501D, CEP: 20550-013, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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59
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Matthews DT, Hemnes AR. Current concepts in the pathogenesis of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Pulm Circ 2016; 6:145-54. [PMID: 27252839 DOI: 10.1086/686011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is characterized by fibrotic obstruction of the proximal pulmonary arteries, and it is believed to result from incomplete thrombus resolution after acute pulmonary embolism. While treatment for this condition with surgery and medical therapy has improved outcomes, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying CTEPH is incomplete. Numerous risk factors have been associated with the development of CTEPH, including but not limited to acquired thrombophilias and chronic inflammatory states. A minority of patients with CTEPH have an abnormal fibrin structure that may delay thrombus resolution. Recently, examination of resected scar material in patients with CTEPH has suggested that deficient angiogenesis may play a role in thrombus nonresolution, and there is increasing interest in factors that drive intravascular scar formation. An additional challenge in CTEPH research is understanding the etiology and implications of the small-vessel disease present in many patients. Future work will likely be directed at understanding the pathways important to disease pathogenesis through further examinations of resected tissue material, continued work on animal models, and genomic approaches to identify alterations in gene expression or gene variants that may distinguish CTEPH from other forms of pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T Matthews
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Anna R Hemnes
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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60
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Hatano M. Potential of Receptor for Advanced Glycation End-Products (RAGE) as an Eligible Biomarker for Therapy Evaluation in Patients With Pulmonary Hypertension. Int Heart J 2016; 57:132-3. [PMID: 26973280 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.16-073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Hatano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
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61
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Suzuki S, Nakazato K, Sugimoto K, Yoshihisa A, Yamaki T, Kunii H, Suzuki H, Saitoh SI, Takeishi Y. Plasma Levels of Receptor for Advanced Glycation End-Products and High-Mobility Group Box 1 in Patients With Pulmonary Hypertension. Int Heart J 2016; 57:234-40. [PMID: 26973260 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.15-188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
An increase of pulmonary artery pressure in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) results in right ventricular failure and ultimately death. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a nuclear protein, acts as a pro-inflammatory cytokine by activating receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) in the extracellular environment. The purpose of this study was to examine the clinical significance of circulating levels of HMGB1 and RAGE in patients with PH. Plasma levels of HMGB1 and soluble RAGE were measured in 27 patients with PH (14 with pulmonary arterial hypertension [PAH], 13 with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension [CTEPH]) and 30 normal subjects as control. There was no difference in the plasma levels of HMGB1 between the PH patients and the control subjects. However, plasma levels of soluble RAGE were significantly higher in the patients with PH than in the controls (P < 0.001). Plasma soluble RAGE levels were higher in PAH (P < 0.001) and CTEPH (P < 0.0001) than in the controls. In addition, there was a statistically significant positive correlation between pulmonary artery pressure and plasma levels of soluble RAGE (r = 0.403, P < 0.0001). In the CTEPH patients, soluble RAGE levels were reduced after balloon pulmonary angioplasty (P < 0.001). Plasma levels of soluble RAGE, but not HMGB1, might be a novel marker that reflects the pathological condition in patients with PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Suzuki
- Department of Cardiology and Hematology, Fukushima Medical University
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Reglinski M, Gierula M, Lynskey NN, Edwards RJ, Sriskandan S. Identification of the Streptococcus pyogenes surface antigens recognised by pooled human immunoglobulin. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15825. [PMID: 26508447 PMCID: PMC4623672 DOI: 10.1038/srep15825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunity to common bacteria requires the generation of antibodies that promote opsonophagocytosis and neutralise toxins. Pooled human immunoglobulin is widely advocated as an adjunctive treatment for clinical Streptococcus pyogenes infection however, the protein targets of the reagent remain ill defined. Affinity purification of the anti-streptococcal antibodies present within pooled immunoglobulin resulted in the generation of an IgG preparation that promoted opsonophagocytic killing of S. pyogenes in vitro and provided passive immunity in vivo. Isolation of the streptococcal surface proteins recognised by pooled human immunoglobulin permitted identification and ranking of 94 protein antigens, ten of which were reproducibly identified across four contemporary invasive S. pyogenes serotypes (M1, M3, M12 and M89). The data provide novel insight into the action of pooled human immunoglobulin during invasive S. pyogenes infection, and demonstrate a potential route to enhance the efficacy of antibody based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Reglinski
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Magdalena Gierula
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola N Lynskey
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Robert J Edwards
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Shiranee Sriskandan
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom
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63
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Colvin KL, Yeager ME. Proteomics of pulmonary hypertension: could personalized profiles lead to personalized medicine? Proteomics Clin Appl 2015; 9:111-20. [PMID: 25408474 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201400157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a fatal syndrome that arises from a multifactorial and complex background, is characterized by increased pulmonary vascular resistance and right heart afterload, and often leads to cor pulmonale. Over the past decades, remarkable progress has been made in reducing patient symptoms and delaying the progression of the disease. Unfortunately, PH remains a disease with no cure. The substantial heterogeneity of PH continues to be a major limitation to the development of newer and more efficacious therapies. New advances in our understanding of the biological pathways leading to such a complex pathogenesis will require the identification of the important proteins and protein networks that differ between a healthy lung (or right ventricle) and a remodeled lung in an individual with PH. In this article, we present the case for the increased use of proteomics--the study of proteins and protein networks--as a discovery tool for key proteins and protein networks operational in the PH lung. We review recent applications of proteomics in PH, and summarize the biological pathways identified. Finally, we attempt to presage what the future will bring with regard to proteomics in PH and offer our perspectives on the prospects of developing personalized proteomics and custom-tailored therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelley L Colvin
- Department of Pediatrics-Critical Care, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA; Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA; Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
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64
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Nies MK, Ivy DD, Everett AD. The untapped potential of proteomic analysis in pediatric pulmonary hypertension. Proteomics Clin Appl 2015; 8:862-74. [PMID: 25348110 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201400067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of the human proteome has become increasingly sophisticated, and offers invaluable potential insight into the pathophysiology of human disease. The increasing standardization of methods, speed, and sophistication of mass spectrometric analysis, availability of reliable antibodies, and dissemination of information among the scientific community has allowed for exponential growth of our knowledge base. The continued effort to provide a molecular explanation for future medical applications based on biomarker discovery is epitomized by the outstanding efforts of the human proteome project, whose goal is to generate a map of the human proteome. However, proteomic analysis is underrepresented in pediatric illness; given the unique challenges of research in the pediatric population, proteomic analysis represents enormous untapped potential, especially in the further elucidation of the pathophysiology of rare diseases such as pulmonary hypertension (PH). In this article, we will describe the unique challenge of pediatric research, the importance of alternative avenues such as proteomics for in-depth analysis of pediatric pathobiology at the cellular level, the specific need for proteomic investigation of pediatric PH, the current status of PH proteomics, and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie K Nies
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Hofmann AD, Friedmacher F, Takahashi T, Gosemann JH, Puri P. Increased pulmonary vascular expression of receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) in experimental congenital diaphragmatic hernia. J Pediatr Surg 2015; 50:746-9. [PMID: 25783380 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2015.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Persistent pulmonary hypertension (PH) continues to be a major cause of high mortality in congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is a member of the immunoglobulin protein family. Recently, RAGE has been implicated in mediating pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation and vascular remodeling in experimental PH. RAGE has been reported to be highly upregulated in lung tissue of patients with severe PH. We designed this study to investigate the hypothesis that RAGE expression is increased in nitrofen-induced CDH. METHODS Pregnant rats were exposed to nitrofen or vehicle on D9. Fetuses were sacrificed on D21 and divided into nitrofen (n=16) and control group (n=16). Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and confocal immunofluorescence were performed. MAIN RESULTS Pulmonary RAGE gene expression levels were significantly increased in nitrofen-induced CDH compared to controls (p<0.003). Western blotting and confocal microscopy revealed increased pulmonary RAGE protein expression in CDH compared to controls. CONCLUSION This study provides striking evidence of increased gene and protein expression of RAGE in the pulmonary vasculature of nitrofen-induced CDH, suggesting that increased expression of RAGE may play a role in the pathogenesis of PH in nitrofen-induced CDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro D Hofmann
- National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Florian Friedmacher
- National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Toshiaki Takahashi
- National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jan-Hendrik Gosemann
- National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Prem Puri
- National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland; School of Medicine and Medical Science and Conway Institute of Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Ireland.
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66
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Circulating biomarkers in pulmonary arterial hypertension: Update and future direction. J Heart Lung Transplant 2015; 34:282-305. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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Yao C, Yu J, Taylor L, Polgar P, McComb ME, Costello CE. Protein Expression by Human Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells Containing a BMPR2 Mutation and the Action of ET-1 as Determined by Proteomic Mass Spectrometry. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY 2015; 378:347-359. [PMID: 25866469 PMCID: PMC4387548 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijms.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a disease characterized by increased pulmonary vascular resistance and remodeling. Increase in the population of vascular smooth muscle cells is among the key events contributing to the remodeling. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), a potent vasoconstrictor, is linked to the etiology and progression of PAH. Here we analyze changes in protein expressions in response to ET-1 in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMC) from a healthy Control (non-PAH) and a PAH subject presenting a bone morphogenetic protein type II receptor (BMPR2) mutation with exon 1-8 deletion. Protein expressions were analyzed by proteomic mass spectrometry using label-free quantitation and the correlations were subjected to Ingenuity™ Pathway Analysis. The results point to eIF2/mTOR/p70S6K, RhoA/actin cytoskeleton/integrin and protein unbiquitination as canonical pathways whose protein expressions increase with the development of PAH. These pathways have an intimal function in the PAH-related physiology of smooth muscle proliferation, apoptosis, contraction and cellular stress. Exposure of the cells to ET-1 further increases protein expression within these pathways. Thus our results show changes in signaling pathways as a consequence of PAH and the effect of ET-1 interference on Control and PAH-affected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiang Yao
- Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Boston University School of Medicine, 670 Albany St., Boston, MA 02118 USA
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118 USA
| | - Linda Taylor
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118 USA
| | - Peter Polgar
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118 USA
| | - Mark E. McComb
- Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Boston University School of Medicine, 670 Albany St., Boston, MA 02118 USA
| | - Catherine E. Costello
- Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Boston University School of Medicine, 670 Albany St., Boston, MA 02118 USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118 USA
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68
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Malenfant S, Potus F, Fournier F, Breuils-Bonnet S, Pflieger A, Bourassa S, Tremblay È, Nehmé B, Droit A, Bonnet S, Provencher S. Skeletal muscle proteomic signature and metabolic impairment in pulmonary hypertension. J Mol Med (Berl) 2014; 93:573-84. [PMID: 25548805 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-014-1244-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Exercise limitation comes from a close interaction between cardiovascular and skeletal muscle impairments. To better understand the implication of possible peripheral oxidative metabolism dysfunction, we studied the proteomic signature of skeletal muscle in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Eight idiopathic PAH patients and eight matched healthy sedentary subjects were evaluated for exercise capacity, skeletal muscle proteomic profile, metabolism, and mitochondrial function. Skeletal muscle proteins were extracted, and fractioned peptides were tagged using an iTRAQ protocol. Proteomic analyses have documented a total of 9 downregulated proteins in PAH skeletal muscles and 10 upregulated proteins compared to healthy subjects. Most of the downregulated proteins were related to mitochondrial structure and function. Focusing on skeletal muscle metabolism and mitochondrial health, PAH patients presented a decreased expression of oxidative enzymes (pyruvate dehydrogenase, p < 0.01) and an increased expression of glycolytic enzymes (lactate dehydrogenase activity, p < 0.05). These findings were supported by abnormal mitochondrial morphology on electronic microscopy, lower citrate synthase activity (p < 0.01) and lower expression of the transcription factor A of the mitochondria (p < 0.05), confirming a more glycolytic metabolism in PAH skeletal muscles. We provide evidences that impaired mitochondrial and metabolic functions found in the lungs and the right ventricle are also present in skeletal muscles of patients. KEY MESSAGE • Proteomic and metabolic analysis show abnormal oxidative metabolism in PAH skeletal muscle. • EM of PAH patients reveals abnormal mitochondrial structure and distribution. • Abnormal mitochondrial health and function contribute to exercise impairments of PAH. • PAH may be considered a vascular affliction of heart and lungs with major impact on peripheral muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Malenfant
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Service de Pneumologie, 2725 Chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec City, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada
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69
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miR-21/DDAH1 pathway regulates pulmonary vascular responses to hypoxia. Biochem J 2014; 462:103-12. [PMID: 24895913 DOI: 10.1042/bj20140486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The NOS (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor ADMA (asymmetric dimethylarginine) contributes to the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension. Reduced levels of the enzymes metabolizing ADMA, dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolases (DDAH1 and DDAH2) and increased levels of miR-21 are linked to disease pathology, but the mechanisms are not understood. In the present study we assessed the potential role of miR-21 in the regulation of hypoxia-induced changes in ADMA metabolism in vitro and in vivo. Hypoxia inhibited DDAH1 and DDAH2 expression and increased ADMA levels in cultured human pulmonary endothelial cells. In contrast, in human pulmonary smooth muscle cells, only DDAH2 was reduced whereas ADMA levels remained unchanged. Endothelium-specific down-regulation of DDAH1 by miR-21 in hypoxia induced endothelial dysfunction and was prevented by overexpression of DDAH1 and miR-21 blockade. DDAH1, but not DDAH2, mRNA levels were reduced, whereas miR-21 levels were elevated in lung tissues from patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension and mice with pulmonary hypertension exposed to 2 weeks of hypoxia. Hypoxic mice treated with miR-21 inhibitors and DDAH1 transgenic mice showed elevated lung DDAH1, increased cGMP levels and attenuated pulmonary hypertension. Regulation of DDAH1 by miR-21 plays a role in the development of hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension and may be of broader significance in pulmonary hypertension.
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Karamanian VA, Harhay M, Grant GR, Palevsky HI, Grizzle WE, Zamanian RT, Ihida-Stansbury K, Taichman DB, Kawut SM, Jones PL. Erythropoietin upregulation in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Pulm Circ 2014; 4:269-79. [PMID: 25006446 DOI: 10.1086/675990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiologic alterations of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) are diverse. We aimed to determine novel pathogenic pathways from circulating proteins in patients with PAH. Multianalyte profiling (MAP) was used to measure 90 specifically selected antigens in the plasma of 113 PAH patients and 51 control patients. Erythropoietin (EPO) functional activity was assessed via in vitro pulmonary artery endothelial cell networking and smooth muscle cell proliferation assays. Fifty-eight patients had idiopathic PAH, whereas 55 had other forms of PAH; 5 had heritable PAH, 18 had connective tissue disease (15 with scleroderma and 3 with lupus erythematosis), 13 had portopulmonary hypertension, 6 had PAH associated with drugs or toxins, and 5 had congenital heart disease. The plasma-antigen profile of PAH revealed increased levels of several novel biomarkers, including EPO. Immune quantitative and histochemical studies revealed that EPO not only was significantly elevated in the plasma of PAH patients but also promoted pulmonary artery endothelial cell network formation and smooth muscle cell proliferation. MAP is a hypothesis-generating approach to identifying novel pathophysiologic pathways in PAH. EPO is upregulated in the circulation and lungs of patients with PAH and may affect endothelial and smooth muscle cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa A Karamanian
- Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA ; Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA ; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael Harhay
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA ; Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gregory R Grant
- Department of Genetics and Penn Center for Bioinformatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Harold I Palevsky
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA ; Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - William E Grizzle
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Roham T Zamanian
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA; and Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Kaori Ihida-Stansbury
- Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA ; Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA ; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Darren B Taichman
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA ; Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Steven M Kawut
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA ; Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA ; These authors contributed equally
| | - Peter L Jones
- Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA ; Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA ; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA ; These authors contributed equally
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Johansson SL, Roberts NB, Schlosser A, Andersen CB, Carlsen J, Wulf-Johansson H, Sækmose SG, Titlestad IL, Tornoe I, Miller B, Tal-Singer R, Holmskov U, Vestbo J, Sorensen GL. Microfibrillar-associated protein 4: a potential biomarker of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respir Med 2014; 108:1336-44. [PMID: 25022422 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 06/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microfibrillar-associated protein 4 (MFAP4) is a matricellular glycoprotein that co-localises with elastic fibres and is highly expressed in the lungs. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that plasma MFAP4 (pMFAP4) reflects clinical outcomes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS pMFAP4 was measured by an AlphaLISA immunoassay in stable COPD (n = 69) at baseline and at follow-up until 24 months after inclusion and in acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD) (n = 14) at baseline and until 6 months after inclusion. RESULTS The majority of patients (89%) were in GOLD II and III. Multiple linear regressions showed positive associations between pMFAP4 and the Global initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) grade (p = 0.01), modified Medical Research Council score (p < 0.0001) and BODE index (p = 0.04). Negative associations were found with 6-min walking distance (p = 0.04) and bronchodilator-induced reversibility (p = 0.02). The pMFAP4 levels varied less than 25% between the baseline and a 3 month follow-up in 83% of the patients. The pMFAP4 levels appeared unaffected in the acute phase of severe AECOPD but rose to an increased stable level within one month after hospitalization. CONCLUSION Increased pMFAP4 was associated to the severity in COPD and has the potential to serve as a stable disease biomarker. This observation warrants confirmation in a larger longitudinal COPD population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Lock Johansson
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, JB Winsløws Vej 25.3, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | | | - Anders Schlosser
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, JB Winsløws Vej 25.3, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Claus B Andersen
- Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørn Carlsen
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helle Wulf-Johansson
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, JB Winsløws Vej 25.3, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Susanne Gjørup Sækmose
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, JB Winsløws Vej 25.3, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; Department of Clinical Immunology, Næstved Hospital, Ringstedgade 61, 4700 Næstved, Denmark
| | - Ingrid L Titlestad
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Ida Tornoe
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, JB Winsløws Vej 25.3, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Bruce Miller
- GlaxoSmithKline, 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, PA 19406, USA
| | - Ruth Tal-Singer
- GlaxoSmithKline, 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, PA 19406, USA
| | - Uffe Holmskov
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, JB Winsløws Vej 25.3, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Vestbo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, 46 Grafton Street, M13 9NT Manchester, UK; University Hospital South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, NIHR South Manchester Respiratory and Allergy Clinical Research Facility, Wythenshawe Hospital, Southmoor Road, Wythenshawe, Manchester, Greater Manchester M23 9LT, UK
| | - Grith Lykke Sorensen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, JB Winsløws Vej 25.3, 5000 Odense C, Denmark.
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Lei W, Chen P, Yue Y, He Y, Shui X, Li G, Zhang L, Huang S, Chen C. Subcellular distribution patterns and elevated expression of GNA11 and GNA14 proteins in the lungs of humans with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Cell Biol Int 2014; 38:1041-9. [PMID: 24797109 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), a progressive and devastating disease, is characterized by abnormal proliferation of pulmonary artery endothelial and smooth muscle cells. GTP-binding protein subunits, GNA11 and GNA14, transmembrane and intracellular signaling molecules, participate in the regulating endothelial function and vascular development. We followed the expression of GNA11 and GNA14 in human lungs in control and PAH patients using immunohistochemical and Western blot analyses. Both GNA11 and GNA14 were expressed in lung tissue, primarily in artery endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Expression was more pronounced in PAH lung tissues compared with controls. Using immunocytochemistry and laser scanning confocal microscopy, the subcellular distribution of GNA11 and GNA14 in human pulmonary arterial endothelial (HPAECs) and smooth muscle (HPASMCs) cells in culture was investigated. GNA11 was predominantly localized in the cytoplasm and nucleus of HPASMCs, but it was only found in the cytoplasm of HPAECs. On the other hand, GNA14 immunolocalized to the nucleus and cytoplasm of both HPAECs and HPASMCs. Based on bioinformatic analyses, nuclear localization signal and transmembrane topology confirm the different subcellular distributions of GNA11 and GNA14. The data suggest that GNA11 and GNA14 are related to PAH pathogenesis, and help further functional studies of these proteins in this severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lei
- Cardiovascular Disease Laboratory, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, 524000, China
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Lavoie JR, Ormiston ML, Perez-Iratxeta C, Courtman DW, Jiang B, Ferrer E, Caruso P, Southwood M, Foster WS, Morrell NW, Stewart DJ. Proteomic analysis implicates translationally controlled tumor protein as a novel mediator of occlusive vascular remodeling in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Circulation 2014; 129:2125-35. [PMID: 24657995 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.114.008777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a lethal disease characterized by excessive proliferation of pulmonary vascular endothelial cells (ECs). Hereditary PAH (HPAH) is often caused by mutations in the bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 gene (BMPR2). However, the mechanisms by which these mutations cause PAH remain unclear. Therefore, we screened for dysregulated proteins in blood-outgrowth ECs of HPAH patients with BMPR2 mutations compared with healthy control subjects. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 416 proteins were detected with 2-dimensional PAGE in combination with liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry analysis, of which 22 exhibited significantly altered abundance in blood-outgrowth ECs from patients with HPAH. One of these proteins, translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP), was selected for further study because of its well-established role in promoting tumor cell growth and survival. Immunostaining showed marked upregulation of TCTP in lungs from patients with HPAH and idiopathic PAH, associated with remodeled vessels of complex lesions. Increased TCTP expression was also evident in the SU5416 rat model of severe and irreversible PAH, associated with intimal lesions, colocalizing with proliferating ECs and the adventitia of remodeled vessels but not in the vascular media. Furthermore, silencing of TCTP expression increased apoptosis and abrogated the hyperproliferative phenotype of blood-outgrowth ECs from patients with HPAH, raising the possibility that TCTP may be a link in the emergence of apoptosis-resistant, hyperproliferative vascular cells after EC apoptosis. CONCLUSION Proteomic screening identified TCTP as a novel mediator of endothelial prosurvival and growth signaling in PAH, possibly contributing to occlusive pulmonary vascular remodeling triggered by EC apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie R Lavoie
- From the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa, ON, Canada (J.R.L., C.P.-I., D.W.C., B.J., W.S.F., D.J.S.); University of Ottawa, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Ottawa, ON, Canada (J.R.L., W.S.F., D.J.S.); University of Cambridge, Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (M.L.O., E.F., P.C., N.W.M.); and Papworth Hospital, Department of Pathology, Papworth, UK (M.S.)
| | - Mark L Ormiston
- From the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa, ON, Canada (J.R.L., C.P.-I., D.W.C., B.J., W.S.F., D.J.S.); University of Ottawa, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Ottawa, ON, Canada (J.R.L., W.S.F., D.J.S.); University of Cambridge, Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (M.L.O., E.F., P.C., N.W.M.); and Papworth Hospital, Department of Pathology, Papworth, UK (M.S.)
| | - Carol Perez-Iratxeta
- From the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa, ON, Canada (J.R.L., C.P.-I., D.W.C., B.J., W.S.F., D.J.S.); University of Ottawa, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Ottawa, ON, Canada (J.R.L., W.S.F., D.J.S.); University of Cambridge, Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (M.L.O., E.F., P.C., N.W.M.); and Papworth Hospital, Department of Pathology, Papworth, UK (M.S.)
| | - David W Courtman
- From the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa, ON, Canada (J.R.L., C.P.-I., D.W.C., B.J., W.S.F., D.J.S.); University of Ottawa, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Ottawa, ON, Canada (J.R.L., W.S.F., D.J.S.); University of Cambridge, Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (M.L.O., E.F., P.C., N.W.M.); and Papworth Hospital, Department of Pathology, Papworth, UK (M.S.)
| | - Baohua Jiang
- From the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa, ON, Canada (J.R.L., C.P.-I., D.W.C., B.J., W.S.F., D.J.S.); University of Ottawa, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Ottawa, ON, Canada (J.R.L., W.S.F., D.J.S.); University of Cambridge, Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (M.L.O., E.F., P.C., N.W.M.); and Papworth Hospital, Department of Pathology, Papworth, UK (M.S.)
| | - Elisabet Ferrer
- From the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa, ON, Canada (J.R.L., C.P.-I., D.W.C., B.J., W.S.F., D.J.S.); University of Ottawa, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Ottawa, ON, Canada (J.R.L., W.S.F., D.J.S.); University of Cambridge, Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (M.L.O., E.F., P.C., N.W.M.); and Papworth Hospital, Department of Pathology, Papworth, UK (M.S.)
| | - Paola Caruso
- From the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa, ON, Canada (J.R.L., C.P.-I., D.W.C., B.J., W.S.F., D.J.S.); University of Ottawa, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Ottawa, ON, Canada (J.R.L., W.S.F., D.J.S.); University of Cambridge, Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (M.L.O., E.F., P.C., N.W.M.); and Papworth Hospital, Department of Pathology, Papworth, UK (M.S.)
| | - Mark Southwood
- From the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa, ON, Canada (J.R.L., C.P.-I., D.W.C., B.J., W.S.F., D.J.S.); University of Ottawa, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Ottawa, ON, Canada (J.R.L., W.S.F., D.J.S.); University of Cambridge, Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (M.L.O., E.F., P.C., N.W.M.); and Papworth Hospital, Department of Pathology, Papworth, UK (M.S.)
| | - William S Foster
- From the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa, ON, Canada (J.R.L., C.P.-I., D.W.C., B.J., W.S.F., D.J.S.); University of Ottawa, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Ottawa, ON, Canada (J.R.L., W.S.F., D.J.S.); University of Cambridge, Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (M.L.O., E.F., P.C., N.W.M.); and Papworth Hospital, Department of Pathology, Papworth, UK (M.S.)
| | - Nicholas W Morrell
- From the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa, ON, Canada (J.R.L., C.P.-I., D.W.C., B.J., W.S.F., D.J.S.); University of Ottawa, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Ottawa, ON, Canada (J.R.L., W.S.F., D.J.S.); University of Cambridge, Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (M.L.O., E.F., P.C., N.W.M.); and Papworth Hospital, Department of Pathology, Papworth, UK (M.S.)
| | - Duncan J Stewart
- From the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa, ON, Canada (J.R.L., C.P.-I., D.W.C., B.J., W.S.F., D.J.S.); University of Ottawa, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Ottawa, ON, Canada (J.R.L., W.S.F., D.J.S.); University of Cambridge, Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (M.L.O., E.F., P.C., N.W.M.); and Papworth Hospital, Department of Pathology, Papworth, UK (M.S.).
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Wojciak-Stothard B, Abdul-Salam VB, Lao KH, Tsang H, Irwin DC, Lisk C, Loomis Z, Stenmark KR, Edwards JC, Yuspa SH, Howard LS, Edwards RJ, Rhodes CJ, Gibbs JSR, Wharton J, Zhao L, Wilkins MR. Aberrant chloride intracellular channel 4 expression contributes to endothelial dysfunction in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Circulation 2014; 129:1770-80. [PMID: 24503951 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.113.006797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chloride intracellular channel 4 (CLIC4) is highly expressed in the endothelium of remodeled pulmonary vessels and plexiform lesions of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. CLIC4 regulates vasculogenesis through endothelial tube formation. Aberrant CLIC4 expression may contribute to the vascular pathology of pulmonary arterial hypertension. METHODS AND RESULTS CLIC4 protein expression was increased in plasma and blood-derived endothelial cells from patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension and in the pulmonary vascular endothelium of 3 rat models of pulmonary hypertension. CLIC4 gene deletion markedly attenuated the development of chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension in mice. Adenoviral overexpression of CLIC4 in cultured human pulmonary artery endothelial cells compromised pulmonary endothelial barrier function and enhanced their survival and angiogenic capacity, whereas CLIC4 shRNA had an inhibitory effect. Similarly, inhibition of CLIC4 expression in blood-derived endothelial cells from patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension attenuated the abnormal angiogenic behavior that characterizes these cells. The mechanism of CLIC4 effects involves p65-mediated activation of nuclear factor-κB, followed by stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and increased downstream production of vascular endothelial growth factor and endothelin-1. CONCLUSION Increased CLIC4 expression is an early manifestation and mediator of endothelial dysfunction in pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Wojciak-Stothard
- Centre for Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK (B.W.-S., V.B.A.-S., K.H.L., H.T., R.J.E., C.J.R., J.W., L.Z., M.R.W.); Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Group, University of Colorado Denver Health Sciences Center, Aurora (D.C.I., C.L., Z.L., K.R.S.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Louis University, St. Louis MO (J.C.E.); Laboratory of Cancer Biology & Genetics, Centre for Cancer Research, Bethesda, MD (S.H.Y.); and National Pulmonary Hypertension Service and National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK (L.S.H., J.S.R.G.)
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Viglio S, Stolk J, Iadarola P, Giuliano S, Luisetti M, Salvini R, Fumagalli M, Bardoni A. Respiratory Proteomics Today: Are Technological Advances for the Identification of Biomarker Signatures Catching up with Their Promise? A Critical Review of the Literature in the Decade 2004-2013. Proteomes 2014; 2:18-52. [PMID: 28250368 PMCID: PMC5302730 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes2010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
To improve the knowledge on a variety of severe disorders, research has moved from the analysis of individual proteins to the investigation of all proteins expressed by a tissue/organism. This global proteomic approach could prove very useful: (i) for investigating the biochemical pathways involved in disease; (ii) for generating hypotheses; or (iii) as a tool for the identification of proteins differentially expressed in response to the disease state. Proteomics has not been used yet in the field of respiratory research as extensively as in other fields, only a few reproducible and clinically applicable molecular markers, which can assist in diagnosis, having been currently identified. The continuous advances in both instrumentation and methodology, which enable sensitive and quantitative proteomic analyses in much smaller amounts of biological material than before, will hopefully promote the identification of new candidate biomarkers in this area. The aim of this report is to critically review the application over the decade 2004-2013 of very sophisticated technologies to the study of respiratory disorders. The observed changes in protein expression profiles from tissues/fluids of patients affected by pulmonary disorders opens the route for the identification of novel pathological mediators of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Viglio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 3/B, Pavia 27100, Italy.
| | - Jan Stolk
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333, The Netherlands.
| | - Paolo Iadarola
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 3/B, Pavia 27100, Italy.
| | - Serena Giuliano
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 3/B, Pavia 27100, Italy.
- Faculty of Science "Parc Valrose", University of Nice "Sophia Antipolis", FRE 3472 CNRS, LP2M Nice, France.
| | - Maurizio Luisetti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Division of Pneumology, University of Pavia & IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Via Taramelli 5, Pavia 27100, Italy.
| | - Roberta Salvini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 3/B, Pavia 27100, Italy.
| | - Marco Fumagalli
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 3/B, Pavia 27100, Italy.
| | - Anna Bardoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 3/B, Pavia 27100, Italy.
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Zhao YJ, Zou QY, Li Y, Li HH, Wu YM, Li XF, Wang K, Zheng J. Expression of G-protein subunit α-14 is increased in human placentas from preeclamptic pregnancies. J Histochem Cytochem 2014; 62:347-54. [PMID: 24423937 DOI: 10.1369/0022155414521213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
G-proteins mediate cellular function upon interaction with G-protein coupled receptors. Of the 16 mammalian G-protein α subunits identified, G-protein subunit α-11 (GNA11) and -14 (GNA14) have been implicated in modulating hypertension and endothelial function. However, little is known about their expression and roles in human placentas. Here, we examined GNA11 and GNA14 protein expression in first trimester (FT), normal term (NT), and severe preeclamptic (sPE) human placentas as well as in NT human umbilical cords. We found that GNA11 and GNA14 were immunolocalized primarily in trophoblasts, villous stromal cells, and endothelial cells in placentas as well as in endothelial and/or smooth muscle cells of the umbilical cord artery and vein. Western blotting revealed that the GNA14, but not GNA11, protein levels were increased (2.5-2.9 fold; p<0.01) in sPE vs. NT placentas. GNA11 protein was detected only in NT, but not FT, placentas, whereas GNA14 protein levels were increased (7.7-10.6 fold; p<0.01) in NT vs. FT placentas. Thus, GNA11 and GNA14 may mediate the function of several cell types in placentas. Moreover, the high expression of GNA14 in sPE placentas may also imply its importance in sPE pregnancies as in the other hypertension-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jie Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology (YJZ,XFL), Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, P.R. China
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Wulf-Johansson H, Lock Johansson S, Schlosser A, Trommelholt Holm A, Melholt Rasmussen L, Mickley H, Diederichsen ACP, Munkholm H, Poulsen TS, Tornøe I, Nielsen V, Marcussen N, Vestbo J, Sækmose SG, Holmskov U, Sorensen GL. Localization of microfibrillar-associated protein 4 (MFAP4) in human tissues: clinical evaluation of serum MFAP4 and its association with various cardiovascular conditions. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82243. [PMID: 24349233 PMCID: PMC3862580 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Microfibrillar-associated protein 4 (MFAP4) is located in the extracellular matrix (ECM). We sought to identify tissues with high levels of MFAP4 mRNA and MFAP4 protein expression. Moreover, we aimed to evaluate the significance of MFAP4 as a marker of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and to correlate MFAP4 with other known ECM markers, such as fibulin-1, osteoprotegerin (OPG), and osteopontin (OPN). Quantitative real-time PCR demonstrated that MFAP4 mRNA was more highly expressed in the heart, lung, and intestine than in other elastic tissues. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated high levels of MFAP4 protein mainly at sites rich in elastic fibers and within blood vessels in all tissues investigated. The AlphaLISA technique was used to determine serum MFAP4 levels in a clinical cohort of 172 patients consisting of 5 matched groups with varying degrees of CVD: 1: patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), 2: patients with non-STEMI, 3: patients destined for vascular surgery because of various atherosclerotic diseases (stable atherosclerotic disease), 4: apparently healthy individuals with documented coronary artery calcification (CAC-positive), and 5: apparently healthy individuals without signs of coronary artery calcification (CAC-negative). Serum MFAP4 levels were significantly lower in patients with stable atherosclerotic disease than CAC-negative individuals (p<0.05). Furthermore, lower serum MFAP4 levels were present in patients with stable atherosclerotic disease compared with STEMI and non-STEMI patients (p<0.05). In patients with stable atherosclerotic disease, positive correlations between MFAP4 and both fibulin-1 (ρ = 0.50; p = 0.0244) and OPG (ρ = 0.62; p = 0.0014) were found. Together, these results indicate that MFAP4 is mainly located in elastic fibers and is highly expressed in blood vessels. The present study suggests that serum MFAP4 varies in groups of patients with different cardiovascular conditions. Further studies are warranted to describe the role of serum MFAP4 as a biomarker of stable atherosclerotic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helle Wulf-Johansson
- Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Sofie Lock Johansson
- Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anders Schlosser
- Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anne Trommelholt Holm
- Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lars Melholt Rasmussen
- Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Centre for Individualized Medicine in Arterial Diseases (CIMA), Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Odense Patient data Explorative Network (OPEN), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Hans Mickley
- Odense Patient data Explorative Network (OPEN), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Axel C. P. Diederichsen
- Odense Patient data Explorative Network (OPEN), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Henrik Munkholm
- Department of Cardiology, Lillebælt Hospital Vejle, Vejle, Denmark
| | | | - Ida Tornøe
- Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Vicki Nielsen
- Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Niels Marcussen
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Vestbo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Respiratory and Allergy Research Group, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University Hospital South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Susanne Gjørup Sækmose
- Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Næstved Hospital, Næstved, Denmark
| | - Uffe Holmskov
- Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Grith Lykke Sorensen
- Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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von Gise A, Archer SL, Maclean MR, Hansmann G. The first Keystone Symposia Conference on pulmonary vascular isease and right ventricular dysfunction: Current concepts and future therapies. Pulm Circ 2013; 3:275-7. [PMID: 24015328 PMCID: PMC3757822 DOI: 10.4103/2045-8932.114751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Okoturo-Evans O, Dybowska A, Valsami-Jones E, Cupitt J, Gierula M, Boobis AR, Edwards RJ. Elucidation of toxicity pathways in lung epithelial cells induced by silicon dioxide nanoparticles. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72363. [PMID: 24023737 PMCID: PMC3762866 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A study into the effects of amorphous nano-SiO2 particles on A549 lung epithelial cells was undertaken using proteomics to understand the interactions that occur and the biological consequences of exposure of lung to nanoparticles. Suitable conditions for treatment, where A549 cells remained viable for the exposure period, were established by following changes in cell morphology, flow cytometry, and MTT reduction. Label-free proteomics was used to estimate the relative level of proteins from their component tryptic peptides detected by mass spectrometry. It was found that A549 cells tolerated treatment with 100 µg/ml nano-SiO2 in the presence of 1.25% serum for at least 4 h. After this time detrimental changes in cell morphology, flow cytometry, and MTT reduction were evident. Proteomics performed after 4 h indicated changes in the expression of 47 proteins. Most of the proteins affected fell into four functional groups, indicating that the most prominent cellular changes were those that affected apoptosis regulation (e.g. UCP2 and calpain-12), structural reorganisation and regulation of actin cytoskeleton (e.g. PHACTR1), the unfolded protein response (e.g. HSP 90), and proteins involved in protein synthesis (e.g. ribosomal proteins). Treatment with just 10 µg/ml nano-SiO2 particles in serum-free medium resulted in a rapid deterioration of the cells and in medium containing 10% serum the cells were resistant to up to 1000 µg/ml nano-SiO2 particles, suggesting interaction of serum components with the nanoparticles. A variety of serum proteins were found which bound to nano-SiO2 particles, the most prominent of which were albumin, apolipoprotein A-I, hemoglobin, vitronectin and fibronectin. The use of a proteomics platform, with appropriately designed experimental conditions, enabled the early biological perturbations induced by nano-SiO2 in a model target cell system to be identified. The approach facilitates the design of more focused test systems for use in tiered evaluations of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odu Okoturo-Evans
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Agnieszka Dybowska
- Earth Sciences Department, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eugenia Valsami-Jones
- Earth Sciences Department, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
- Geosystems Nanoscience, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - John Cupitt
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Magdalena Gierula
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alan R. Boobis
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert J. Edwards
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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80
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Saigal A, Ng WK, Tan RB, Chan SY. Development of controlled release inhalable polymeric microspheres for treatment of pulmonary hypertension. Int J Pharm 2013; 450:114-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Revised: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Abstract
Developing new treatments for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a challenge. We have enjoyed success with regulatory approvals for three drug classes—prostanoids, endothelin receptor antagonists and phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors. But we have also seen some disappointing results, for example, from studies with vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, statins and tergolide. Animal models are an unreliable predictor of efficacy in humans. The best model for the disease is the patient. This review discusses three major issues facing the evaluation of drugs in PAH patients—target validation, choosing the right dose, and early trial design.
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82
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Malenfant S, Neyron AS, Paulin R, Potus F, Meloche J, Provencher S, Bonnet S. Signal transduction in the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Pulm Circ 2013; 3:278-93. [PMID: 24015329 PMCID: PMC3757823 DOI: 10.4103/2045-8932.114752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a unique disease. Properly speaking, it is not a disease of the lung. It can be seen more as a microvascular disease occurring mainly in the lungs and affecting the heart. At the cellular level, the PAH paradigm is characterized by inflammation, vascular tone imbalance, pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation and resistance to apoptosis and the presence of in situ thrombosis. At a clinical level, the aforementioned abnormal vascular properties alter physically the pulmonary circulation and ventilation, which greatly influence the right ventricle function as it highly correlates with disease severity. Consequently, right heart failure remains the principal cause of death within this cohort of patients. While current treatment modestly improve patients' conditions, none of them are curative and, as of today, new therapies are lacking. However, the future holds potential new therapies that might have positive influence on the quality of life of the patient. This article will first review the clinical presentation of the disease and the different molecular pathways implicated in the pathobiology of PAH. The second part will review tomorrow's future putative therapies for PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Malenfant
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group of the Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Quebec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Anne-Sophie Neyron
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group of the Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Quebec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Roxane Paulin
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - François Potus
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group of the Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Quebec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Jolyane Meloche
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group of the Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Quebec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Steeve Provencher
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group of the Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Quebec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Sébastien Bonnet
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group of the Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Quebec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
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83
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Storck EM, Wojciak-Stothard B. Rho GTPases in pulmonary vascular dysfunction. Vascul Pharmacol 2013; 58:202-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2012.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Revised: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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84
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Meloche J, Courchesne A, Barrier M, Carter S, Bisserier M, Paulin R, Lauzon-Joset JF, Breuils-Bonnet S, Tremblay É, Biardel S, Racine C, Courture C, Bonnet P, Majka SM, Deshaies Y, Picard F, Provencher S, Bonnet S. Critical role for the advanced glycation end-products receptor in pulmonary arterial hypertension etiology. J Am Heart Assoc 2013; 2:e005157. [PMID: 23525442 PMCID: PMC3603259 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.112.005157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a vasculopathy characterized by enhanced pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell (PASMC) proliferation and suppressed apoptosis. This results in both increase in pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance. Recent studies have shown the implication of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)/bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2 (BMPR2)/peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) in PAH. STAT3 activation induces BMPR2 downregulation, decreasing PPARγ, which both contribute to the proproliferative and antiapoptotic phenotype seen in PAH. In chondrocytes, activation of this axis has been attributed to the advanced glycation end‐products receptor (RAGE). As RAGE is one of the most upregulated proteins in PAH patients' lungs and a strong STAT3 activator, we hypothesized that by activating STAT3, RAGE induces BMPR2 and PPARγ downregulation, promoting PAH‐PASMC proliferation and resistance to apoptosis. Methods and Results In vitro, using PASMCs isolated from PAH and healthy patients, we demonstrated that RAGE is overexpressed in PAH‐PASMC (6‐fold increase), thus inducing STAT3 activation (from 10% to 40% positive cells) and decrease in BMPR2 and PPARγ levels (>50% decrease). Pharmacological activation of RAGE in control cells by S100A4 recapitulates the PAH phenotype (increasing RAGE by 6‐fold, thus activating STAT3 and decreasing BMPR2 and PPARγ). In both conditions, this phenotype is totally reversed on RAGE inhibition. In vivo, RAGE inhibition in monocrotaline‐ and Sugen‐induced PAH demonstrates therapeutic effects characterized by PA pressure and right ventricular hypertrophy decrease (control rats have an mPAP around 15 mm Hg, PAH rats have an mPAP >40 mm Hg, and with RAGE inhibition, mPAP decreases to 20 and 28 mm Hg, respectively, in MCT and Sugen models). This was associated with significant improvement in lung perfusion and vascular remodeling due to decrease in proliferation (>50% decrease) and BMPR2/PPARγ axis restoration (increased by ≥60%). Conclusion We have demonstrated the implications of RAGE in PAH etiology. Thus, RAGE constitutes a new attractive therapeutic target for PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolyane Meloche
- Pulmonary Hypertension Group of the Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
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Talati M, Seeley E, Ihida-Stansbury K, Delisser H, McDonald H, Ye F, Zhang X, Shyr Y, Caprioli R, Meyrick B. Altered expression of nuclear and cytoplasmic histone H1 in pulmonary artery and pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells in patients with IPAH. Pulm Circ 2012; 2:340-51. [PMID: 23130102 PMCID: PMC3487302 DOI: 10.4103/2045-8932.101645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary hypertension is poorly understood. This paper utilized histology-based Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Mass Spectrometry (MALDI MS) to identify as-yet unknown proteins that may be associated with the structural changes in the pulmonary arterial walls of patients with IPAH. The technology identified significant increases in two fragments of histone H1 in the IPAH cases compared to controls. This finding was further examined using immunofluorescence techniques applied to sections from IPAH and control pulmonary arteries. In addition, cultured pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) were utilized for Western analysis of histone H1 and importin β and importin 7, immunoprecipitation and assessment of nucleosomal repeat length (NRL). Immunofluorescence techniques revealed that nuclear expression of histone H1 was decreased and the chromatin was less compact in the IPAH cases than in the controls; furthermore, some cases showed a marked increase in cytoplasmic histone H1 expression. Using nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions of cultured PASMCs, we confirmed the reduction in histone H1 in the nucleus and an increase in the cytoplasm in IPAH cells compared to controls. Immunoprecipitation demonstrated a decreased association of histone H1 with importin β while importin 7 was unchanged in the IPAH cells compared to controls. The assessment of NRL revealed that the distance between nucleosomes was increased by ~20 bp in IPAH compared to controls. We conclude that at least two factors contribute to the reduction in nuclear histone H1-fragmentation of the protein and decreased import of histone H1 into the nucleus by importins. We further suggest that the decreased nuclear H1 contributes the less compact nucleosomal pattern in IPAH and this, in turn, contributes to the increase in NRL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Talati
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennesse, USA
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Yeager ME, Colvin KL, Everett AD, Stenmark KR, Ivy DD. Plasma proteomics of differential outcome to long-term therapy in children with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. Proteomics Clin Appl 2012; 6:257-67. [PMID: 22653875 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201100078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The prognosis for children with IPAH unresponsive to therapy is poor. We investigated the plasma proteome for a molecular basis of good versus poor outcome to long-term vasodilator therapy. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Plasma was collected at baseline or shortly after therapy initiation and following chronic vasodilator therapy, then divided into those with good outcome (n = 8), and those with a poor outcome (n = 7). To identify proteins unique to either outcome, we used differential gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Results were confirmed by commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Before and after therapy, SAA-4 was 4-fold lower in those with good outcome compared to those with poor outcome, while serum paraoxonase/arylesterase-1 was increased 2-fold in those with good outcome versus poor outcome. After therapy, haptoglobin and hemopexin were 1.45- and 1.8-fold lower, respectively, in those with a good versus poor outcome. Among those with a good outcome, SAP was 1.3-fold lower prior to therapy. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE SAP and SAA-4 regulate circulating mononuclear phagocytes. As such, they may contribute to the differential response to chronic vasodilator therapy in the context of inflammation in IPAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Yeager
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80045, USA.
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Wang M, Weiss M, Simonovic M, Haertinger G, Schrimpf SP, Hengartner MO, von Mering C. PaxDb, a database of protein abundance averages across all three domains of life. Mol Cell Proteomics 2012; 11:492-500. [PMID: 22535208 PMCID: PMC3412977 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.o111.014704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 355] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2011] [Revised: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Although protein expression is regulated both temporally and spatially, most proteins have an intrinsic, "typical" range of functionally effective abundance levels. These extend from a few molecules per cell for signaling proteins, to millions of molecules for structural proteins. When addressing fundamental questions related to protein evolution, translation and folding, but also in routine laboratory work, a simple rough estimate of the average wild type abundance of each detectable protein in an organism is often desirable. Here, we introduce a meta-resource dedicated to integrating information on absolute protein abundance levels; we place particular emphasis on deep coverage, consistent post-processing and comparability across different organisms. Publicly available experimental data are mapped onto a common namespace and, in the case of tandem mass spectrometry data, re-processed using a standardized spectral counting pipeline. By aggregating and averaging over the various samples, conditions and cell-types, the resulting integrated data set achieves increased coverage and a high dynamic range. We score and rank each contributing, individual data set by assessing its consistency against externally provided protein-network information, and demonstrate that our weighted integration exhibits more consistency than the data sets individually. The current PaxDb-release 2.1 (at http://pax-db.org/) presents whole-organism data as well as tissue-resolved data, and covers 85,000 proteins in 12 model organisms. All values can be seamlessly compared across organisms via pre-computed orthology relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Wang
- From the ‡Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, and
- §Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M. Weiss
- From the ‡Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, and
- §Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M. Simonovic
- From the ‡Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, and
- §Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - G. Haertinger
- From the ‡Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, and
- §Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - C. von Mering
- From the ‡Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, and
- §Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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88
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van Eijl S, Zhu Z, Cupitt J, Gierula M, Götz C, Fritsche E, Edwards RJ. Elucidation of xenobiotic metabolism pathways in human skin and human skin models by proteomic profiling. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41721. [PMID: 22848577 PMCID: PMC3406074 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human skin has the capacity to metabolise foreign chemicals (xenobiotics), but knowledge of the various enzymes involved is incomplete. A broad-based unbiased proteomics approach was used to describe the profile of xenobiotic metabolising enzymes present in human skin and hence indicate principal routes of metabolism of xenobiotic compounds. Several in vitro models of human skin have been developed for the purpose of safety assessment of chemicals. The suitability of these epidermal models for studies involving biotransformation was assessed by comparing their profiles of xenobiotic metabolising enzymes with those of human skin. Methodology/Principal Findings Label-free proteomic analysis of whole human skin (10 donors) was applied and analysed using custom-built PROTSIFT software. The results showed the presence of enzymes with a capacity for the metabolism of alcohols through dehydrogenation, aldehydes through dehydrogenation and oxidation, amines through oxidation, carbonyls through reduction, epoxides and carboxylesters through hydrolysis and, of many compounds, by conjugation to glutathione. Whereas protein levels of these enzymes in skin were mostly just 4–10 fold lower than those in liver and sufficient to support metabolism, the levels of cytochrome P450 enzymes were at least 300-fold lower indicating they play no significant role. Four epidermal models of human skin had profiles very similar to one another and these overlapped substantially with that of whole skin. Conclusions/Significance The proteomics profiling approach was successful in producing a comprehensive analysis of the biotransformation characteristics of whole human skin and various in vitro skin models. The results show that skin contains a range of defined enzymes capable of metabolising different classes of chemicals. The degree of similarity of the profiles of the in vitro models indicates their suitability for epidermal toxicity testing. Overall, these results provide a rational basis for explaining the fate of xenobiotics in skin and will aid chemical safety testing programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven van Eijl
- Centre for Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Division of Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Zheying Zhu
- Centre for Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Division of Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - John Cupitt
- Centre for Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Division of Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Magdalena Gierula
- Centre for Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Division of Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christine Götz
- Leibniz Institut für Umweltmedizinische Forschung, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ellen Fritsche
- Leibniz Institut für Umweltmedizinische Forschung, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Clinic RWTH, Aachen, Germany
| | - Robert J. Edwards
- Centre for Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Division of Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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89
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Zhao L, Chen CN, Hajji N, Oliver E, Cotroneo E, Wharton J, Wang D, Li M, McKinsey TA, Stenmark KR, Wilkins MR. Histone deacetylation inhibition in pulmonary hypertension: therapeutic potential of valproic acid and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid. Circulation 2012; 126:455-67. [PMID: 22711276 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.112.103176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenetic programming, dynamically regulated by histone acetylation, is a key mechanism regulating cell proliferation and survival. Little is known about the contribution of histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity to the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension, a condition characterized by profound structural remodeling of pulmonary arteries and arterioles. METHODS AND RESULTS HDAC1 and HDAC5 protein levels were elevated in lungs from human idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension and in lungs and right ventricles from rats exposed to hypoxia. Immunohistochemistry localized increased expression to remodeled vessels in the lung. Both valproic acid, a class I HDAC inhibitor, and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (vorinostat), an inhibitor of class I, II, and IV HDACs, mitigated the development of and reduced established hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension in the rat. Both valproic acid and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid inhibited the imprinted highly proliferative phenotype of fibroblasts and R-cells from pulmonary hypertensive bovine vessels and platelet-derived growth factor-stimulated growth of human vascular smooth muscle cells in culture. Exposure to valproic acid and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid was associated with increased levels of p21 and FOXO3 and reduced expression of survivin. The significantly higher levels of expression of cKIT, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, interleukin-6, stromal-derived factor-1, platelet-derived growth factor-b, and S100A4 in R-cells were downregulated by valproic acid and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid treatment. CONCLUSIONS Increased HDAC activity contributes to the vascular pathology of pulmonary hypertension. The effectiveness of HDAC inhibitors, valproic acid, and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, in models of pulmonary arterial hypertension supports a therapeutic strategy based on HDAC inhibition in pulmonary arterial hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Zhao
- Centre for Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Rd, London W12 ONN, UK.
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90
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Pullamsetti SS, Doebele C, Fischer A, Savai R, Kojonazarov B, Dahal BK, Ghofrani HA, Weissmann N, Grimminger F, Bonauer A, Seeger W, Zeiher AM, Dimmeler S, Schermuly RT. Inhibition of microRNA-17 improves lung and heart function in experimental pulmonary hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011; 185:409-19. [PMID: 22161164 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201106-1093oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE MicroRNAs (miRs) control various cellular processes in tissue homeostasis and disease by regulating gene expression on the posttranscriptional level. Recently, it was demonstrated that the expression of miR-21 and members of the miR-17-92 cluster was significantly altered in experimental pulmonary hypertension (PH). OBJECTIVES To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and antiremodeling potential of miR inhibitors in the pathogenesis of PH. METHODS We first tested the effects of miR inhibitors (antagomirs), which were specifically designed to block miR-17 (A-17), miR-21 (A-21), and miR-92a (A-92a) in chronic hypoxia-induced PH in mice and A-17 in monocrotaline-induced PH in rats. Moreover, biological function of miR-17 was analyzed in cultured pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS In the PH mouse model, A-17 and A-21 reduced right ventricular systolic pressure, and all antagomirs decreased pulmonary arterial muscularization. However, only A-17 reduced hypoxia-induced right ventricular hypertrophy and improved pulmonary artery acceleration time. In the monocrotaline-induced PH rat model, A-17 treatment significantly decreased right ventricular systolic pressure and total pulmonary vascular resistance index, increased pulmonary artery acceleration time, normalized cardiac output, and decreased pulmonary vascular remodeling. Among the tested miR-17 targets, the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (p21) was up-regulated in lungs undergoing A-17 treatment. Likewise, in human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells, A-17 increased p21. Overexpression of miR-17 significantly reduced p21 expression and increased proliferation of smooth muscle cells. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that A-17 improves heart and lung function in experimental PH by interfering with lung vascular and right ventricular remodeling. The beneficial effects may be related to the up-regulation of p21. Thus, inhibition of miR-17 may represent a novel therapeutic concept to ameliorate disease state in PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soni S Pullamsetti
- Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Bad Nauheim, Germany
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91
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Dweik RA, Erzurum SC. Update on pulmonary vascular diseases 2010. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011; 184:26-31. [PMID: 21737591 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201103-0394up] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Raed A Dweik
- Department of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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92
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Zabron AA, Horneffer-van der Sluis VM, Wadsworth CA, Laird F, Gierula M, Thillainayagam AV, Vlavianos P, Westaby D, Taylor-Robinson SD, Edwards RJ, Khan SA. Elevated levels of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in bile from patients with malignant pancreatobiliary disease. Am J Gastroenterol 2011; 106:1711-7. [PMID: 21670771 DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2011.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Accurate differentiation between benign and malignant causes of biliary obstruction remains challenging and reliable biomarkers are urgently needed. Bile is a potential source of such biomarkers. Our aim was to apply a proteomic approach to identify a potential biomarker in bile that differentiates between malignant and benign disease, and to assess its diagnostic accuracy. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is multi-functional protein, released from activated neutrophils, with roles in inflammation, immune function, and carcinogenesis. It has not previously been described in bile. METHODS Bile, urine, and serum were collected prospectively from 38 patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography ("discovery" cohort); 22 had benign and 16 had malignant pancreatobiliary disease. Initially, label-free proteomics and immunoblotting were performed in samples from a subset of these patients. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was then performed for NGAL as a potential biomarker on all samples in this cohort. The diagnostic performance of biliary NGAL was then validated in a second, independent group ("validation" cohort) of 21 patients with pancreatobiliary disease (benign n=14, malignant n=7). RESULTS NGAL levels were significantly raised in bile from the malignant disease group, compared with bile from the benign disease group in the discovery cohort (median 1,556 vs. 480 ng/ml, P=0.007). Biliary NGAL levels had a receiver operating characteristic area under curve of 0.76, sensitivity 94%, specificity 55%, positive predictive value 60%, and negative predictive value 92% for distinguishing malignant from benign causes. Biliary NGAL was independent of serum biochemistry and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) in differentiating between underlying benign and malignant disease. No significant differences in serum and urine NGAL levels were found between benign and malignant disease. Combining biliary NGAL and serum CA 19-9 improved diagnostic accuracy for malignancy (sensitivity 85%, specificity 82%, positive predictive value 79%, and negative predictive value 87%). The diagnostic accuracy of biliary NGAL was confirmed in the second independent validation cohort. CONCLUSIONS NGAL in bile is a novel potential biomarker to help distinguish benign from malignant biliary obstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail A Zabron
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology Section, Division of Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary's Hospital Campus, London, UK
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Abstract
Our understanding of, and approach to, pulmonary arterial hypertension has undergone a paradigm shift in the past decade. Once a condition thought to be dominated by increased vasoconstrictor tone and thrombosis, pulmonary arterial hypertension is now seen as a vasculopathy in which structural changes driven by excessive vascular cell growth and inflammation, with recruitment and infiltration of circulating cells, play a major role. Perturbations of a number of molecular mechanisms have been described, including pathways involving growth factors, cytokines, metabolic signaling, elastases, and proteases, that may underlie the pathogenesis of the disease. Elucidating their contribution to the pathophysiology of pulmonary arterial hypertension could offer new drug targets. The role of progenitor cells in vascular repair is also under active investigation. The right ventricular response to increased pressure load is recognized as critical to survival and the molecular mechanisms involved are attracting increasing interest. The challenge now is to integrate this new knowledge and explore how it can be used to categorize patients by molecular phenotype and tailor treatment more effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph T. Schermuly
- Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Parkstrasse 1, Bad Nauheim, 61231 Germany
| | - Hossein A. Ghofrani
- University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, University of Giessen Lung Center, Klinikstrasse 36, Giessen, 35392 Germany
| | - Martin R. Wilkins
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Centre for Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN UK
| | - Friedrich Grimminger
- University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, University of Giessen Lung Center, Klinikstrasse 36, Giessen, 35392 Germany
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94
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Cardiol 2011; 26:356-61. [PMID: 21654380 DOI: 10.1097/hco.0b013e328348da50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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95
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Román JS, Castillo Palma MJ, García Hernández FJ, León RG. Marcadores biológicos. Utilidad para el control del paciente con hipertensión pulmonar. Arch Bronconeumol 2011; 47 Suppl 7:21-5. [DOI: 10.1016/s0300-2896(11)70056-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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