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Kim H, Lee J. Strategies to Maximize the Potential of Marine Biomaterials as a Platform for Cell Therapy. Mar Drugs 2016; 14:E29. [PMID: 26821034 PMCID: PMC4771982 DOI: 10.3390/md14020029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine biopolymers have been explored as a promising cell therapy system for efficient cell delivery and tissue engineering. However, the marine biomaterial-based systems themselves have exhibited limited performance in terms of maintenance of cell viability and functions, promotion of cell proliferation and differentiation as well as cell delivery efficiency. Thus, numerous novel strategies have been devised to improve cell therapy outcomes. The strategies include optimization of physical and biochemical properties, provision of stimuli-responsive functions, and design of platforms for efficient cell delivery and tissue engineering. These approaches have demonstrated substantial improvement of therapeutic outcomes in a variety of research settings. In this review, therefore, research progress made with marine biomaterials as a platform for cell therapy is reported along with current research directions to further advance cell therapies as a tool to cure incurable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeongmin Kim
- Pharmaceutical Formulation Design Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea.
- Bio-Integration Research Center for Nutra-Pharmaceutical Epigenetics, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea.
| | - Jaehwi Lee
- Pharmaceutical Formulation Design Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea.
- Bio-Integration Research Center for Nutra-Pharmaceutical Epigenetics, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea.
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Delmar K, Bianco-Peled H. Composite chitosan hydrogels for extended release of hydrophobic drugs. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 136:570-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.09.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Muzzarelli RAA, El Mehtedi M, Bottegoni C, Aquili A, Gigante A. Genipin-Crosslinked Chitosan Gels and Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering and Regeneration of Cartilage and Bone. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:7314-38. [PMID: 26690453 PMCID: PMC4699241 DOI: 10.3390/md13127068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The present review article intends to direct attention to the technological advances made since 2009 in the area of genipin-crosslinked chitosan (GEN-chitosan) hydrogels. After a concise introduction on the well recognized characteristics of medical grade chitosan and food grade genipin, the properties of GEN-chitosan obtained with a safe, spontaneous and irreversible chemical reaction, and the quality assessment of the gels are reviewed. The antibacterial activity of GEN-chitosan has been well assessed in the treatment of gastric infections supported by Helicobacter pylori. Therapies based on chitosan alginate crosslinked with genipin include stem cell transplantation, and development of contraction free biomaterials suitable for cartilage engineering. Collagen, gelatin and other proteins have been associated to said hydrogels in view of the regeneration of the cartilage. Viability and proliferation of fibroblasts were impressively enhanced upon addition of poly-l-lysine. The modulation of the osteocytes has been achieved in various ways by applying advanced technologies such as 3D-plotting and electrospinning of biomimetic scaffolds, with optional addition of nano hydroxyapatite to the formulations. A wealth of biotechnological advances and know-how has permitted reaching outstanding results in crucial areas such as cranio-facial surgery, orthopedics and dentistry. It is mandatory to use scaffolds fully characterized in terms of porosity, pore size, swelling, wettability, compressive strength, and degree of acetylation, if the osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells is sought: in fact, the novel characteristics imparted by GEN-chitosan must be simultaneously of physico-chemical and cytological nature. Owing to their high standard, the scientific publications dated 2010-2015 have met the expectations of an interdisciplinary audience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo A A Muzzarelli
- Faculty of Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Tronto 10/A, Ancona IT-60126, Italy.
| | - Mohamad El Mehtedi
- Department of Industrial Engineering & Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, Ancona IT-60131, Italy.
| | - Carlo Bottegoni
- Clinical Orthopaedics, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Tronto 10/A, Ancona IT-60126, Italy.
| | - Alberto Aquili
- Clinical Orthopaedics, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Tronto 10/A, Ancona IT-60126, Italy.
| | - Antonio Gigante
- Clinical Orthopaedics, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Tronto 10/A, Ancona IT-60126, Italy.
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Selvakumaran S, Muhamad II. Evaluation of kappa carrageenan as potential carrier for floating drug delivery system: Effect of cross linker. Int J Pharm 2015; 496:323-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ruini F, Tonda-Turo C, Chiono V, Ciardelli G. Chitosan membranes for tissue engineering: comparison of different crosslinkers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 10:065002. [PMID: 26526195 DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/10/6/065002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan (CS), a derivative of the naturally occurring biopolymer chitin, is an attractive material for biomedical applications thanks to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, antibacterial properties and ability to enhance cell adhesion and growth compared to other biopolymers. However, the physical and mechanical stability of CS based materials in aqueous solutions is limited and crosslinking agents are required to increase CS performances in a biological environment. In this work, the effect of three highly-biocompatible crosslinkers as genipin (GP), γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS), dibasic sodium phosphate (DSP) and a combination of GPTMS and DSP (GPTMS_DSP) on CS physicochemical, thermal, morphological, mechanical properties, swelling and degradation behavior was investigated. Infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analyses confirmed the chemical reaction between CS and the different crosslinkers. CS wettability was enhanced when CS was DSP ionically crosslinked showing contact angle values of about 65° and exhibiting a higher swelling behavior compared to covalently crosslinked films. Moreover, all the crosslinking methods analyzed improved the stability of CS in aqueous media, showed model molecule permeation in time and increased the mechanical properties when compared with non-crosslinked films. The possibility to tailor the final properties of CS scaffolds through crosslinking is a key strategy in applying CS in different biomedical and tissue engineering applications. The obtained results reveal that the optimization of the crosslinking mechanism provides CS membrane properties required in different biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ruini
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
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Genipin-crosslinked electrospun chitosan nanofibers: Determination of crosslinking conditions and evaluation of cytocompatibility. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 130:166-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Delmar K, Bianco-Peled H. The dramatic effect of small pH changes on the properties of chitosan hydrogels crosslinked with genipin. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 127:28-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Fabrication of chitosan microspheres using vanillin/TPP dual crosslinkers for protein antigens encapsulation. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 128:188-98. [PMID: 26005155 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Microspheres were prepared from water soluble chitosan using dual vanillin/TPP crosslinkers. Placebo (C1), Bovine serum albumin (BSA) (C2), monovalent tetanus toxoid (TT) (C3) and divalent tetanus (TT) and diphtheria toxoids (DT) (C4) encapsulated microspheres were studied in terms of size (1-4 μm), encapsulation efficiency (75-80%), swelling and mucoadhesion (56-68%). FT-IR, TGA, XRD and SEM characterization of microspheres suggested specific interaction, more thermal stability, amorphous nature and rough surfaces of encapsulated microspheres. EDS confirmed the co-crosslinking and ninhydrin tests were showing higher crosslinking density. Zeta potential was 47.7 to 66.2 +mV indicating the potential stability of the colloidal system. Equilibrium adsorption isotherms described encapsulated microspheres followed the Langmuir isotherm model, suggesting monolayer adsorption of the mucin on microspheres. In-vitro release studies up to four weeks indicated zero order kinetics and obeyed swelling-controlled super case II transport release mechanism. Thus, the present study could be helpful in developing the multivalent oral vaccine.
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Aubert-Viard F, Martin A, Chai F, Neut C, Tabary N, Martel B, Blanchemain N. Chitosan finishing nonwoven textiles loaded with silver and iodide for antibacterial wound dressing applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 10:015023. [PMID: 25730424 DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/10/1/015023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Polyethylene terephtalate (PET) and Polypropylene (PP) textiles are widely used in biomedical application such as wound dressings and implants. The aim of this work was to develop an antibacterial chitosan (CHT) coating activated by silver or by iodine. Chitosan was immobilized onto PET and PP supports using citric acid (CTR) as a crosslinking agent through a pad-dry-cure textile finishing process. Interestingly, depending on the CHT/CTR molar ratio, two different systems were obtained: rich in cationic ammonium groups when the CTR concentration was 1%w/v, and rich in anionic carboxylate groups when the CTR concentration was 10%w/v. As a consequence, such samples could be selectively loaded with iodine and silver nitrate, respectively.Both types of coatings were analyzed using SEM and FTIR, their sorption capacities were evaluated toward iodide/iodate anions (I(-)/IO3(-)) and the silver cations (Ag(+)) were evaluated using elemental analysis. Finally, in vitro evaluations were carried out to evaluate the cytocompatibility on the epithelial cell line. The silver loaded textile reported a stronger antibacterial effect against E.coli (5 log10 reduction) than toward S. aureus (3 log10) while the antibacterial effect of the iodide loaded textiles was limited to 1 log10 to 2 log10 on both strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Aubert-Viard
- INSERM U1008, Groupe de Recherche sur les Biomatériaux, Université Lille 2, F-59045 Lille, France
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Li YH, Cheng CY, Wang NK, Tan HY, Tsai YJ, Hsiao CH, Ma DHK, Yeh LK. Characterization of the modified chitosan membrane cross-linked with genipin for the cultured corneal epithelial cells. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 126:237-44. [PMID: 25576808 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To modify a chitosan membrane (CM) by cross-linking the chitosan with genipin, a naturally occurring cross-linker extracted from Gardenia jasminoides fructus, with the aim of developing a new cell culture support and to observe the phenotypes of cultured human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) on genipin-cross-linked chitosan membrane (GCM). METHODS We tested the cross-linking characteristics and mechanical strength of the GCM. CMs modified by cross-linking with different concentrations of genipin were prepared to investigate the rate of membrane degradation. The biocompatibility of the GCMs was investigated by determining the viability of HCECs cultured on them in vitro. The morphology of the HCECs cultured on CM or GCM was analyzed by confocal microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Immunocytochemical staining was conducted to determine the phenotypes of the cultured cells. RESULTS The fixation index of the GCM was 31 ± 3% after treatment of CM with 0.5mM genipin. A stress-strain test showed that the GCM could tolerate three times the mechanical force of noncross-linked CM. The biodegradation rate of GCM was much slower than for CM. A 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay showed that cell viability was not affected by cross-linking with 5.0mM genipin. SEM showed that the cultured HCECs adhered to and grew well on the surface of the GCM. Immunocytochemical staining showed keratin 3 (K3) and connexin 43 (Cx-43) immunoreactive HCECs on the GCM and their proliferative ability was not significantly affected by strong immunoreactivity of Ki-67 and p63 markers. CONCLUSIONS GCM has potential as a scaffold for corneal epithelium in ocular surface surgery and greater mechanical strength and slower degradation than unmodified CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Han Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yi Cheng
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Nan-Kai Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan; Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yuan Tan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan; Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Ju Tsai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan; Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hsi Hsiao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan; Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan
| | - David Hui-Kang Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan; Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan
| | - Lung-Kun Yeh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan; Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan.
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Guitian Oliveira N, Sirgado T, Reis L, Pinto LF, da Silva CL, Ferreira FC, Rodrigues A. In vitro assessment of three dimensional dense chitosan-based structures to be used as bioabsorbable implants. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2014; 40:413-425. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2014.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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63
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Gonçalves IC, Henriques PC, Seabra CL, Martins MCL. The potential utility of chitosan micro/nanoparticles in the treatment of gastric infection. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2014; 12:981-92. [DOI: 10.1586/14787210.2014.930663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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64
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Altomare L, Guglielmo E, Varoni EM, Bertoldi S, Cochis A, Rimondini L, De Nardo L. Design of 2D chitosan scaffolds via electrochemical structuring. BIOMATTER 2014; 4:29506. [PMID: 25093705 PMCID: PMC4138223 DOI: 10.4161/biom.29506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan (CS) is a versatile biopolymer whose morphological and chemico-physical properties can be designed for a variety of biomedical applications. Taking advantage of its electrolytic nature, cathodic polarization allows CS deposition on electrically conductive substrates, resulting in thin porous structures with tunable morphology. Here we propose an easy method to obtain CS membranes with highly oriented micro-channels for tissue engineering applications, relying on simple control of process parameters and cathodic substrate geometry.
Cathodic deposition was performed on two different aluminum grids in galvanostatic conditions at 6.25 mA cm−2 from CS solution [1g L−1] in acetic acid (pH 3.5). Self-standing thin scaffolds were cross linked either with genipin or epichlorohydrin, weighted, and observed by optical and electron microscopy. Swelling properties at pH 5 and pH 7.4 have been also investigated and tensile tests performed on swollen samples at room temperature. Finally, direct and indirect assays have been performed to evaluate the cytotoxicity at 24 and 72 h.
Thin scaffolds with two different oriented porosities (1000µm and 500µm) have been successfully fabricated by electrochemical techniques. Both cross-linking agents did not affected the mechanical properties and cytocompatibility of the resulting structures. Depending on the pH, these structures show interesting swelling properties that can be exploited for drug delivery systems. Moreover, thanks to the possibility of controlling the porosity and the micro-channel orientation, they should be used for the regeneration of tissues requiring a preferential cells orientation, e.g., cardiac patches or ligament regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Altomare
- Politecnico di Milano; Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering; Milan, Italy; INSTM - Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali; Local Unit Politecnico di Milano; Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Guglielmo
- Politecnico di Milano; Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering; Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Maria Varoni
- Clinica Odontoiatrica A.O. San Paolo Università degli Studi di Milano; Milan, Italy
| | - Serena Bertoldi
- Politecnico di Milano; Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering; Milan, Italy; INSTM - Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali; Local Unit Politecnico di Milano; Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Cochis
- Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro"; Department of Health Sciences; Laboratory of Biomedical and Dental Materials; Novara, Italy
| | - Lia Rimondini
- Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro"; Department of Health Sciences; Laboratory of Biomedical and Dental Materials; Novara, Italy
| | - Luigi De Nardo
- Politecnico di Milano; Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering; Milan, Italy; INSTM - Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali; Local Unit Politecnico di Milano; Milan, Italy
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65
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Chang YL, Liu TC, Tsai ML. Selective isolation of trypsin inhibitor and lectin from soybean whey by chitosan/tripolyphosphate/genipin co-crosslinked beads. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:9979-90. [PMID: 24901528 PMCID: PMC4100134 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15069979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective isolation of Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (KTI) and lectin from soybean whey solutions by different types of chitosan beads was investigated. The chitosan beads were co-crosslinked with tripolyphosphate/genipin in solutions at pH 5, 7 or 9 (CB5, CB7, CB9). The maximum adsorption ratios of chitosan beads to KTI and lectin were observed at pH 4.4 and 5.4, respectively; highly selective separation was also demonstrated at these pHs. The adsorption ratios increased with temperature, rising between 5 and 25 °C. CB9 produced the best adsorption ratio, followed by CB7 then CB5. The critical interaction governing absorption of chitosan beads to KTI and lectin could be hydrogen bonding. At pH 9, KTI and lectin desorbed efficiently from CB7 with desorption ratios of 80.9% and 81.4%, respectively. The desorption was most likely caused predominantly by electrostatic repulsion. KTI and lectin can effectively be selectively isolated from soybean whey using this novel separation technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Lung Chang
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, 2 Pei-Ning Road, Keelung 20224, Taiwan.
| | - Tristan C Liu
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, 2 Pei-Ning Road, Keelung 20224, Taiwan.
| | - Min-Lang Tsai
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, 2 Pei-Ning Road, Keelung 20224, Taiwan.
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66
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Luo Y, Wang Q. Recent development of chitosan-based polyelectrolyte complexes with natural polysaccharides for drug delivery. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 64:353-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 518] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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MITRA TAPAS, SAILAKSHMI G, GNANAMANI A. Could glutaric acid (GA) replace glutaraldehyde in the preparation of biocompatible biopolymers with high mechanical and thermal properties? J CHEM SCI 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-013-0543-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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68
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Nayak S, Dey S, Kundu SC. Silk sericin-alginate-chitosan microcapsules: hepatocytes encapsulation for enhanced cellular functions. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 65:258-66. [PMID: 24486492 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The encapsulation based technology permits long-term delivery of desired therapeutic products in local regions of body without the need of immunosuppressant drugs. In this study microcapsules composed of sericin and alginate micro bead as inner core and with an outer chitosan shell are prepared. This work is proposed for live cell encapsulation for potential therapeutic applications. The sericin protein is obtained from cocoons of non-mulberry silkworm Antheraea mylitta. The sericin-alginate micro beads are prepared via ionotropic gelation under high applied voltage. The beads further coated with chitosan and crosslinked with genipin. The microcapsules developed are nearly spherical in shape with smooth surface morphology. Alamar blue assay and confocal microscopy indicate high cell viability and uniform encapsulated cell distribution within the sericin-alginate-chitosan microcapsules indicating that the microcapsules maintain favourable microenvironment for the cells. The functional analysis of encapsulated cells demonstrates that the glucose consumption, urea secretion rate and intracellular albumin content increased in the microcapsules. The study suggests that the developed sericin-alginate-chitosan microcapsule contributes towards the development of cell encapsulation model. It also offers to generate enriched population of metabolically and functionally active cells for the future therapeutics especially for hepatocytes transplantation in acute liver failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunita Nayak
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India.
| | - Sanchareeka Dey
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India.
| | - Subhas C Kundu
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India.
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The effects of different crossing-linking conditions of genipin on type I collagen scaffolds: an in vitro evaluation. Cell Tissue Bank 2014; 15:531-41. [PMID: 24442821 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-014-9423-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the properties of fabricating rat tail type I collagen scaffolds cross-linked with genipin under different conditions. The porous genipin cross-linked scaffolds are obtained through a two step freeze-drying process. To find out the optimal cross-link condition, we used different genipin concentrations and various cross-linked temperatures to prepare the scaffolds in this study. The morphologies of the scaffolds were characterized by scanning electron microscope, and the mechanical properties of the scaffolds were evaluated under dynamic compression. Additionally, the cross-linking degree was assessed by ninhydrin assay. To investigate the swelling ratio and the in vitro degradation of the collagen scaffold, the tests were also carried out by immersion of the scaffolds in a PBS solution or digestion in a type I collagenase respectively. The morphologies of the non-cross-linked scaffolds presented a lattice-like structure while the cross-linked ones displayed a sheet-like framework. The morphology of the genipin cross-linked scaffolds could be significantly changed by either increasing genipin concentration or the temperature. The swelling ratio of each cross-linked scaffold was much lower than that of the control (non-cross-linked).The ninhydrin assay demonstrated that the higher temperature and genipin concentration could obviously increase the cross-linking efficiency. The in vitro degradation studies indicated that genipin cross-linking can effectively elevate the biostability of the scaffolds. The biocompatibility and cytotoxicity of the scaffolds was evaluated by culturing rat chondrocytes on the scaffold in vitro and by MTT. The results of MTT and the fact that the chondrocytes adhered well to the scaffolds demonstrated that genipin cross-linked scaffolds possessed an excellent biocompatibility and low cytotoxicity. Based on these results, 0.3 % genipin concentrations and 37 °C cross-linked temperatures are recommended.
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70
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Wang P, Zhang A, Jin Y, Zhang Q, Zhang L, Peng Y, Du S. Molecularly imprinted layer-coated hollow polysaccharide microcapsules toward gate-controlled release of water-soluble drugs. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra04444d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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71
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Cui L, Jia J, Guo Y, Liu Y, Zhu P. Preparation and characterization of IPN hydrogels composed of chitosan and gelatin cross-linked by genipin. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 99:31-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Martinez AW, Caves JM, Ravi S, Li W, Chaikof EL. Effects of crosslinking on the mechanical properties, drug release and cytocompatibility of protein polymers. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:26-33. [PMID: 23993944 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant elastin-like protein polymers are increasingly being investigated as component materials of a variety of implantable medical devices. This is chiefly a result of their favorable biological properties and the ability to tailor their physical and mechanical properties. In this report, we explore the potential of modulating the water content, mechanical properties, and drug release profiles of protein films through the selection of different crosslinking schemes and processing strategies. We find that the selection of crosslinking scheme and processing strategy has a significant influence on all aspects of protein polymer films. Significantly, utilization of a confined, fixed volume, as well as vapor-phase crosslinking strategies, decreased protein polymer equilibrium water content. Specifically, as compared to uncrosslinked protein gels, water content was reduced for genipin (15.5%), glutaraldehyde (GTA, 24.5%), GTA vapor crosslinking (31.6%), disulfide (SS, 18.2%) and SS vapor crosslinking (25.5%) (P<0.05). Distinct crosslinking strategies modulated protein polymer stiffness, strain at failure and ultimate tensile strength (UTS). In all cases, vapor-phase crosslinking produced the stiffest films with the highest UTS. Moreover, both confined, fixed volume and vapor-phase approaches influenced drug delivery rates, resulting in decreased initial drug burst and release rates as compared to solution phase crosslinking. Tailored crosslinking strategies provide an important option for modulating the physical, mechanical and drug delivery properties of protein polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam W Martinez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology/Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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73
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Mascheroni E, Figoli A, Musatti A, Limbo S, Drioli E, Suevo R, Talarico S, Rollini M. An alternative encapsulation approach for production of active chitosan-propolis beads. Int J Food Sci Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.12442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Mascheroni
- DeFENS, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via Celoria 2 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Alberto Figoli
- Institute of Membrane Technology; ITM-CNR; University of Calabria; Via P. Bucci 17/c 87050 Rende Cosenza Italy
| | - Alida Musatti
- DeFENS, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via Celoria 2 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Sara Limbo
- DeFENS, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via Celoria 2 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Enrico Drioli
- Institute of Membrane Technology; ITM-CNR; University of Calabria; Via P. Bucci 17/c 87050 Rende Cosenza Italy
| | - Rossella Suevo
- Institute of Membrane Technology; ITM-CNR; University of Calabria; Via P. Bucci 17/c 87050 Rende Cosenza Italy
| | - Stefania Talarico
- Institute of Membrane Technology; ITM-CNR; University of Calabria; Via P. Bucci 17/c 87050 Rende Cosenza Italy
| | - Manuela Rollini
- DeFENS, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via Celoria 2 20133 Milano Italy
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74
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Bavariya AJ, Andrew Norowski P, Mark Anderson K, Adatrow PC, Garcia-Godoy F, Stein SH, Bumgardner JD. Evaluation of biocompatibility and degradation of chitosan nanofiber membrane crosslinked with genipin. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2013; 102:1084-92. [PMID: 24323703 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan, a natural polysaccharide, has demonstrated potential as a degradable biocompatible guided bone regeneration membrane. This study aimed to evaluate the in vivo biocompatibility and degradation of chitosan nanofiber membranes, with and without genipin crosslinking as compared with a commercial collagen membrane in rat model. Chitosan nanofiber membranes, with and without genipin crosslinking, and collagen membrane (control) were implanted subcutaneously in the backs of 30 rats. The membranes were analyzed histologically at 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 weeks. Sections were viewed and graded by a blinded pathologist using a 4-point scoring system (0 = absent, 1 = mild, 2 = moderate, and 3 = severe) to determine the tissue reaction to the membranes and to observe membrane degradation. There was no statistically significant difference in histological scores among chitosan and collagen membranes at different time points. Absence or minimal inflammation was observed in 57-74% of the membranes across all groups. Most chitosan membranes persisted for 16-20 weeks, whereas most collagen membranes disappeared by resorption at 12-16 weeks. The general tissue response to chitosan nanofiber membranes with and without genipin crosslinking, was similar to that of control commercial collagen membrane. However, the chitosan membranes exhibited slower degradation rates than collagen membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit J Bavariya
- Department of Periodontology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, College of Dentistry, Memphis, Tennessee
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75
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Chitosan macroporous foams obtained in highly concentrated emulsions as templates. J Colloid Interface Sci 2013; 410:33-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2013.07.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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76
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Garnica-Palafox I, Sánchez-Arévalo F, Velasquillo C, García-Carvajal Z, García-López J, Ortega-Sánchez C, Ibarra C, Luna-Bárcenas G, Solís-Arrieta L. Mechanical and structural response of a hybrid hydrogel based on chitosan and poly(vinyl alcohol) cross-linked with epichlorohydrin for potential use in tissue engineering. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2013; 25:32-50. [DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2013.833441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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77
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Pandit V, Zuidema JM, Venuto KN, Macione J, Dai G, Gilbert RJ, Kotha SP. Evaluation of multifunctional polysaccharide hydrogels with varying stiffness for bone tissue engineering. Tissue Eng Part A 2013; 19:2452-63. [PMID: 23724786 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2012.0644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of hydrogels for bone regeneration has been limited due to their inherent low modulus to support cell adhesion and proliferation as well as their susceptibility to bacterial infections at the wound site. To overcome these limitations, we evaluated multifunctional polysaccharide hydrogels of varying stiffness to obtain the optimum stiffness at which the gels (1) induce proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts, human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs), and murine preosteoblasts (MC3T3-E1), (2) induce osteoblast differentiation and mineralization, and (3) exhibit an antibacterial activity. Rheological studies demonstrated that the stiffness of hydrogels made of a polysaccharide blend of methylcellulose, chitosan, and agarose was increased by crosslinking the chitosan component to different extents with increasing amounts of genipin. The gelation time decreased (from 210 to 60 min) with increasing genipin concentrations. Proliferation of HUVECs decreased by 10.7 times with increasing gel stiffness, in contrast to fibroblasts and osteoblasts, where it increased with gel stiffness by 6.37 and 7.8 times, respectively. At day 14 up to day 24, osteoblast expression of differentiation markers-osteocalcin, osteopontin-and early mineralization marker-alkaline phosphatase, were significantly enhanced in the 0.5% (w/v) crosslinked gel, which also demonstrated enhanced mineralization by day 25. The antibacterial efficacy of the hydrogels decreased with the increasing degree of crosslinking as demonstrated by biofilm formation experiments, but gels crosslinked with 0.5% (w/v) genipin still demonstrated significant bacterial inhibition. Based on these results, gels crosslinked with 0.5% (w/v) genipin, where 33% of available groups on chitosan were crosslinked, exhibited a stiffness of 502±64.5 Pa and demonstrated the optimal characteristics to support bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Pandit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York
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78
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Vílchez S, Samitier V, Porras M, Esquena J, Erra P. Chitosan Hydrogels Covalently Crosslinked with a Natural Reagent. TENSIDE SURFACT DET 2013. [DOI: 10.3139/113.110002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Chitosan hydrogels were synthesized by crosslinking them with genipin at different concentrations. The time required for obtaining the hydrogel and their physico-chemical properties, such as rheological analysis, stability at different pH's and water absorption capacity were studied as a function of the genipin concentration. The morphology was determined by scanning electron microscopy on freeze-dried hydrogels. The results revealed that low genipin concentration allowed to obtain well crosslinked hydrogels and indicated that the genipin concentration influenced the physico-chemical properties studied. Moreover, the results showed that the swelling percentage of chitosan hydrogels depends highly on the crosslinking degree and on the medium pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Vílchez
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Nanotechnology, IQAC-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - V. Samitier
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Nanotechnology, IQAC-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M. Porras
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J. Esquena
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Nanotechnology, IQAC-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - P. Erra
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Nanotechnology, IQAC-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
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79
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Reves BT, Bumgardner JD, Haggard WO. Fabrication of crosslinked carboxymethylchitosan microspheres and their incorporation into composite scaffolds for enhanced bone regeneration. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2013; 101:630-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.32865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Revised: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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80
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Donius AE, Kiechel MA, Schauer CL, Wegst UGK. New crosslinkers for electrospun chitosan fibre mats. Part II: mechanical properties. J R Soc Interface 2013; 10:20120946. [PMID: 23349435 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2012.0946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Few studies exist on the mechanical performance of crosslinked electrospun chitosan (CS) fibre mats. In this study, we show that the mat structure and mechanical performance depend on the different crosslinking agents genipin, epichlorohydrin (ECH), and hexamethylene-1,6-diaminocarboxysulphonate (HDACS), as well as the post-electrospinning heat and base activation treatments. The mat structure was imaged by field emission scanning electron microscopy and the mechanical performance was tested in tension. The elastic modulus, tensile strength, strain at failure and work to failure were found to range from 52 to 592 MPa, 2 to 30 MPa, 2 to 31 per cent and 0.041 to 3.26 MJ m(-3), respectively. In general, neat CS mats were found to be the stiffest and the strongest, though least ductile, while CS-ECH mats were the least stiff, weakest, but the most ductile, and CS-HDACS fibre mats exhibited intermediary mechanical properties. The mechanical performance of the mats is shown to reflect differences in the fibre diameter, number of fibre-fibre contacts formed within the mat, as well as varying intermolecular bonding and moisture content. The findings reported here complement the chemical properties of the mats, described in part I of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalie E Donius
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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81
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Kawadkar J, Jain R, Kishore R, Pathak A, Chauhan MK. Formulation and evaluation of flurbiprofen-loaded genipin cross-linked gelatin microspheres for intra-articular delivery. J Drug Target 2012; 21:200-10. [DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2012.745549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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82
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Norowski PA, Fujiwara T, Clem WC, Adatrow PC, Eckstein EC, Haggard WO, Bumgardner JD. Novel naturally crosslinked electrospun nanofibrous chitosan mats for guided bone regeneration membranes: material characterization and cytocompatibility. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2012; 9:577-83. [DOI: 10.1002/term.1648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Revised: 07/22/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter A. Norowski
- University of Memphis; Department of Biomedical Engineering; Memphis TN USA
| | - Tomoko Fujiwara
- University of Memphis; Department of Chemistry; Memphis TN USA
| | | | - Pradeep C. Adatrow
- University of Tennessee Health Science Centre; Department of Periodontology; Memphis TN USA
| | - Eugene C. Eckstein
- University of Memphis; Department of Biomedical Engineering; Memphis TN USA
| | - Warren O. Haggard
- University of Memphis; Department of Biomedical Engineering; Memphis TN USA
| | - Joel D. Bumgardner
- University of Memphis; Department of Biomedical Engineering; Memphis TN USA
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83
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Lai JY. Biocompatibility of genipin and glutaraldehyde cross-linked chitosan materials in the anterior chamber of the eye. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:10970-10985. [PMID: 23109832 PMCID: PMC3472724 DOI: 10.3390/ijms130910970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Revised: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan is a naturally occurring cationic polysaccharide and has attracted much attention in the past decade as an important ophthalmic biomaterial. We recently demonstrated that the genipin (GP) cross-linked chitosan is compatible with human retinal pigment epithelial cells. The present work aims to further investigate the in vivo biocompatibility of GP-treated chitosan (GP-chi group) by adopting the anterior chamber of a rabbit eye model. The glutaraldehyde (GTA) cross-linked samples (GTA-chi group) were used for comparison. The 7-mm-diameter membrane implants made from either non-cross-linked chitosan or chemically modified materials with a cross-linking degree of around 80% were inserted in the ocular anterior chamber for 24 weeks and characterized by slit-lamp and specular microscopic examinations, intraocular pressure measurements, and corneal thickness measurements. The interleukin-6 expressions at mRNA level were also detected by quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Results of clinical observations showed that the overall ocular scores in the GTA-chi groups were relatively high. In contrast, the rabbits bearing GP-chi implants in the anterior chamber of the eye exhibited no signs of ocular inflammation. As compared to the non-cross-linked counterparts, the GP-chi samples improved the preservation of corneal endothelial cell density and possessed better anti-inflammatory activities, indicating the benefit action of the GP cross-linker. In summary, the intracameral tissue response to the chemically modified chitosan materials strongly depends on the selection of cross-linking agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Yang Lai
- Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +886-3-211-8800 (ext. 3598); Fax: +886-3-211-8668
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
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84
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Domaratzki RE, Ghanem A. Encapsulation and release of cladribine from chitosan nanoparticles. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.38354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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85
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Liu B, Luo J, Wang X, Lu J, Deng H, Sun R. Alginate/quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan/clay nanocomposite microspheres: preparation and drug-controlled release behavior. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2012; 24:589-605. [DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2012.701160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- a State Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper Engineering , School of Light Industry and Food, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , 510640 , Guangdong , China
| | - Jiwen Luo
- b School of Chemistry & Environment, South China Normal University , Guangzhou , 510006 , China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- a State Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper Engineering , School of Light Industry and Food, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , 510640 , Guangdong , China
| | - Junxiang Lu
- a State Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper Engineering , School of Light Industry and Food, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , 510640 , Guangdong , China
| | - Hongbing Deng
- c College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University , No. 1 Shizishan Road, Wuhan , 430070 , China
| | - Runcang Sun
- a State Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper Engineering , School of Light Industry and Food, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , 510640 , Guangdong , China
- d Institute of Biomass Chemistry and Technology, Beijing Forestry University , Beijing , 100083 , China
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86
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Mu C, Zhang K, Lin W, Li D. Ring-opening polymerization of genipin and its long-range crosslinking effect on collagen hydrogel. J Biomed Mater Res A 2012; 101:385-93. [PMID: 22847997 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Revised: 05/06/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric genipin macromers, prepared by ring-opening polymerization at various pH values, are used as crosslinking agents to fix collagen hydrogels. The results indicate that as the dark color of polymeric genipin itself and the networks formed by long-range intermolecular crosslinking, the genipin-fixed collagen hydrogels displace darker color. The polymeric genipin prepared at higher pH value needs longer time to fully crosslink with collagen molecules. Moreover, polymerization of genipin reduces the yield of genipin-fixed collagen hydrogels due to low extent of crosslinking. Specially, the microscope photographs present the porous networks structures of genipin-fixed collagen hydrogels. The pore size increases with the increase in polymerization degree of genipin. The data of FTIR indicate the likely transition of -NH(2) groups in collagen chains into C=N. Owning to much more number of hydrophilic groups and more porous networks, collagen hydrogels fixed by genipin with higher polymerization degree have higher water absorption capacity. The equilibrium swelling of genipin-fixed collagen hydrogels is pH-responsive, which show "M" type changes with the pH values. The results obtained in the study suggest that the polymeric genipin prepared at various pH values lead to significant influence to the crosslinking characteristics and properties of collagen hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changdao Mu
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Bioengineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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87
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Norowski PA, Mishra S, Adatrow PC, Haggard WO, Bumgardner JD. Suture pullout strength andin vitrofibroblast and RAW 264.7 monocyte biocompatibility of genipin crosslinked nanofibrous chitosan mats for guided tissue regeneration. J Biomed Mater Res A 2012; 100:2890-6. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Revised: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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88
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Austero MS, Donius AE, Wegst UGK, Schauer CL. New crosslinkers for electrospun chitosan fibre mats. I. Chemical analysis. J R Soc Interface 2012; 9:2551-62. [PMID: 22628209 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2012.0241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan (CS), the deacetylated form of chitin, the second most abundant, natural polysaccharide, is attractive for applications in the biomedical field because of its biocompatibility and resorption rates, which are higher than chitin. Crosslinking improves chemical and mechanical stability of CS. Here, we report the successful utilization of a new set of crosslinkers for electrospun CS. Genipin, hexamethylene-1,6-diaminocarboxysulphonate (HDACS) and epichlorohydrin (ECH) have not been previously explored for crosslinking of electrospun CS. In this first part of a two-part publication, we report the morphology, determined by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and chemical interactions, determined by Fourier transform infrared microscopy, respectively. FESEM revealed that CS could successfully be electrospun from trifluoroacetic acid with genipin, HDACS and ECH added to the solution. Diameters were 267 ± 199 nm, 644 ± 359 nm and 896 ± 435 nm for CS-genipin, CS-HDACS and CS-ECH, respectively. Short- (15 min) and long-term (72 h) dissolution tests (T(600)) were performed in acidic, neutral and basic pHs (3, 7 and 12). Post-spinning activation by heat and base to enhance crosslinking of CS-HDACS and CS-ECH decreased the fibre diameters and improved the stability. In the second part of this publication, we report the mechanical properties of the fibres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie S Austero
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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89
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Park JM, Lee SY, Lee GH, Chung EY, Chang KM, Kwak BK, Kuh HJ, Lee J. Design and characterisation of doxorubicin-releasing chitosan microspheres for anti-cancer chemoembolisation. J Microencapsul 2012; 29:695-705. [DOI: 10.3109/02652048.2012.686526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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90
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Liu Y, Chen W, Kim HI. pH-responsive release behavior of genipin-crosslinked chitosan/poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.36899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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91
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhi Xiong
- a College of Biology and Environmental Sciences , Jishou University , Jishou , P. R. China
| | - Zeqiang He
- a College of Biology and Environmental Sciences , Jishou University , Jishou , P. R. China
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92
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Kabilan S, Ayyasamy M, Jayavel S, Paramasamy G. Pseudomonas sp. as a Source of Medium Chain Length Polyhydroxyalkanoates for Controlled Drug Delivery: Perspective. Int J Microbiol 2012; 2012:317828. [PMID: 22518140 PMCID: PMC3299479 DOI: 10.1155/2012/317828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Controlled drug delivery technology represents one of the most rapidly advancing areas of science. They offer numerous advantages compared to conventional dosage forms including improved efficacy, reduced toxicity, improved patient compliance and convenience. Over the past several decades, many delivery tools or methods were developed such as viral vector, liposome-based delivery system, polymer-based delivery system, and intelligent delivery system. Recently, nonviral vectors, especially those based on biodegradable polymers, have been widely investigated as vectors. Unlike the other polymers tested, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) have been intensively investigated as a family of biodegradable and biocompatible materials for in vivo applications as implantable tissue engineering material as well as release vectors for various drugs. On the other hand, the direct use of these polyesters has been hampered by their hydrophobic character and some physical shortcomings, while its random copolymers fulfilled the expectation of biomedical researchers by exhibiting significant mechanical and thermal properties. This paper reviews the strategies adapted to make functional polymer to be utilized as delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujatha Kabilan
- UGC-Networking Resource Centre in Biological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625021, India
| | - Mahalakshmi Ayyasamy
- UGC-Networking Resource Centre in Biological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625021, India
| | - Sridhar Jayavel
- UGC-Networking Resource Centre in Biological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625021, India
| | - Gunasekaran Paramasamy
- UGC-Networking Resource Centre in Biological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625021, India
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93
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Preparation and characterization of nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan cross-linking composite membrane intended for tissue engineering. Int J Biol Macromol 2012; 50:43-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2011.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Revised: 09/05/2011] [Accepted: 09/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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94
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Karaaslan MA, Tshabalala MA, Buschle-Diller G. Semi-interpenetrating polymer network hydrogels based on aspen hemicellulose and chitosan: Effect of crosslinking sequence on hydrogel properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.35075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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95
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Enzymatic synthesis of catechol and hydroxyl-carboxic acid functionalized chitosan microspheres for iron overload therapy. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2011; 79:294-303. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2011.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Revised: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 04/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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96
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Yang CY, Hsu CH, Tsai ML. Effect of crosslinked condition on characteristics of chitosan/tripolyphosphate/genipin beads and their application in the selective adsorption of phytic acid from soybean whey. Carbohydr Polym 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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97
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Dash M, Chiellini F, Ottenbrite R, Chiellini E. Chitosan—A versatile semi-synthetic polymer in biomedical applications. Prog Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2011.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1932] [Impact Index Per Article: 148.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Moura MJ, Faneca H, Lima MP, Gil MH, Figueiredo MM. In Situ Forming Chitosan Hydrogels Prepared via Ionic/Covalent Co-Cross-Linking. Biomacromolecules 2011; 12:3275-84. [DOI: 10.1021/bm200731x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. José Moura
- Departamento de Engenharia Química e Biológica, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Coimbra, R. Pedro Nunes, 3030-199 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - H. Faneca
- Centro de Neurociências e Biologia Celular and Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Universidade de Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - M. Pedroso Lima
- Centro de Neurociências e Biologia Celular and Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Universidade de Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - M. Helena Gil
- Centro de Investigação em Engenharia dos Processos Químicos e Produtos da Floresta and Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade de Coimbra, Pólo II, Pinhal de Marrocos, 3030-290 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - M. Margarida Figueiredo
- Centro de Investigação em Engenharia dos Processos Químicos e Produtos da Floresta and Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade de Coimbra, Pólo II, Pinhal de Marrocos, 3030-290 Coimbra, Portugal
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Tan H, Li H, Rubin JP, Marra KG. Controlled gelation and degradation rates of injectable hyaluronic acid-based hydrogels through a double crosslinking strategy. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2011; 5:790-7. [PMID: 22002922 DOI: 10.1002/term.378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2010] [Accepted: 09/02/2010] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Various biodegradable hydrogels have been employed as injectable scaffolds for tissue engineering and drug delivery. We report a double-crosslinking strategy of biocompatible and biodegradable hydrogels derived from aminated and oxidized hyaluronic acid (HA) with genipin (GP), a compound naturally derived from the gardenia fruit. Fast gelation is attributed to the Schiff-base reaction between amino and aldehyde groups of polysaccharide derivatives, and the subsequent crosslinking with GP results in ideal biodegradability and mechanical properties. The gelation time, morphology, equilibrium swelling, compressive modulus and degradation of double-crosslinked hydrogels were examined. The double crosslinked hydrogels were examined in vivo via subcutaneous injection into a mouse model. Histological results indicated favourable biocompatility, as revealed by an absence of neutrophils and macrophages. These studies demonstrate that double-crosslinked HA hydrogels are potentially useful as injectable, biodegradable hydrogels in tissue-engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaping Tan
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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