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Kohl S, Kitiratschky V, Papke M, Schaich S, Sauer A, Wissinger B. Genes and mutations in autosomal dominant cone and cone-rod dystrophy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2012; 723:337-43. [PMID: 22183351 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-0631-0_44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Kohl
- Department for Ophthalmology, Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University Tuebingen, Roentgenweg 11, S Tuebingen, 72076, Germany.
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Xiao X, Guo X, Jia X, Li S, Wang P, Zhang Q. A recurrent mutation in GUCY2D associated with autosomal dominant cone dystrophy in a Chinese family. Mol Vis 2011; 17:3271-8. [PMID: 22194653 PMCID: PMC3244478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify the genetic locus and mutation responsible for autosomal dominant cone dystrophy (adCOD) in a large Chinese family and to describe the phenotypes of the patients. METHODS Genomic DNA and clinical data were collected from the family. Genome-wide linkage analysis was performed to map the disease locus, and Sanger dideoxy sequencing was used to detect the mutation in a candidate gene. RESULTS Initially, genome-wide linkage analysis mapped the disease to 17p13.1 between D17S831 and D17S799, with a maximum lod score of 2.71 for D17S938 and D17S1852 at theta=0. Sequence analysis of the guanylate cyclase 2D gene (GUCY2D) in the linkage interval detected a recurrent heterozygous mutation, c.2513G>A (p.Arg838His). This mutation was present in all eight patients with adCOD, but neither in any of the six unaffected family members nor in 192 control chromosomes. CONCLUSIONS adCOD in this family is caused by a recurrent mutation in GUCY2D. adCOD can be detected in the first few years after birth in the family by fundus observation and electroretinogram recordings.
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Garcia-Hoyos M, Auz-Alexandre CL, Almoguera B, Cantalapiedra D, Riveiro-Alvarez R, Lopez-Martinez MA, Gimenez A, Blanco-Kelly F, Avila-Fernandez A, Trujillo-Tiebas MJ, Garcia-Sandoval B, Ramos C, Ayuso C. Mutation analysis at codon 838 of the Guanylate Cyclase 2D gene in Spanish families with autosomal dominant cone, cone-rod, and macular dystrophies. Mol Vis 2011; 17:1103-9. [PMID: 21552474 PMCID: PMC3087450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2009] [Accepted: 04/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Heterozygous mutations around codon 838 of the guanylate cyclase 2D (GUCY2D) gene have recently been associated with more than a third of autosomal dominant macular dystrophy patients. The aim of our study was to evaluate the prevalence of these mutations in Spanish families with autosomal dominant cone, cone-rod, and macular dystrophies. METHODS Mutation analysis was performed by PCR amplification of exon 13 of GUCY2D and subsequent restriction analysis. To confirm the results, automatic sequencing analysis was also performed. RESULTS Among the 22 unrelated Spanish families included in the study, we found two associated disease mutations at codon 838 of the GUCY2D gene, one of which had not been previously described (p.R838P). This novel mutation exhibited phenotypic variability. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of mutations around codon 838 of GUCY2D in our group of families (9.09%) is lower than that previously reported in other populations. However, the discovery of a novel mutation at codon 838 further suggests that this locus is a mutation hotspot within the GUCY2D gene, and confirms the importance of analyzing this codon to characterize molecularly these autosomal dominant retinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Garcia-Hoyos
- Genetics Department, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Laura Auz-Alexandre
- Genetics Department, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Berta Almoguera
- Genetics Department, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Cantalapiedra
- Genetics Department, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Riveiro-Alvarez
- Genetics Department, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Angel Lopez-Martinez
- Genetics Department, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ascension Gimenez
- Genetics Department, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fiona Blanco-Kelly
- Genetics Department, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Almudena Avila-Fernandez
- Genetics Department, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Jose Trujillo-Tiebas
- Genetics Department, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Garcia-Sandoval
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain,Ophthalmology, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Ramos
- Genetics Department, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Ayuso
- Genetics Department, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
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Kitiratschky VBD, Glöckner CJ, Kohl S. Mutation screening of the GUCA1B gene in patients with autosomal dominant cone and cone rod dystrophy. Ophthalmic Genet 2011; 32:151-5. [PMID: 21405999 DOI: 10.3109/13816810.2011.559650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heterozygous mutations in GUCA1A (MIM # 600364) have been identified to cause autosomal dominantly inherited cone dystrophy, cone rod dystrophy and macular dystrophy. However, the role of GUCA1B gene mutations in inherited retinal disease has been controversial. We therefore performed a mutation analysis of the GUCA1B gene in a clinically well characterized group of patients of European and North-American geographical origin with autosomal dominantly inherited cone dystrophy and cone rod dystrophy. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-four unrelated patients diagnosed with cone dystrophy or cone rod dystrophy according to standard diagnostic criteria and a family history consistent with an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance were included in the study. Mutation analysis of all coding exons of the GUCA1B gene was performed by polymerase chain reaction amplification of genomic DNA and subsequent DNA sequencing. RESULTS Three different sequence variants, c.-17T>C, c.171T>C, c.465G>T were identified. The sequence variant c.465G>T encodes a conservative amino acid substitution, p.Glu155Asp, located in EF-hand 4, the calcium binding site of GCAP2 protein. All sequence variants were previously reported in healthy subjects. CONCLUSION The absence of clearly pathogenic mutations in the selected patient group suggests that the GUCA1B gene is a minor cause for retinal degenerations in Europeans or North-Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronique B D Kitiratschky
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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Jensen VL, Bialas NJ, Bishop-Hurley SL, Molday LL, Kida K, Nguyen PAT, Blacque OE, Molday RS, Leroux MR, Riddle DL. Localization of a guanylyl cyclase to chemosensory cilia requires the novel ciliary MYND domain protein DAF-25. PLoS Genet 2010; 6:e1001199. [PMID: 21124868 PMCID: PMC2991253 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1001199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2010] [Accepted: 10/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In harsh conditions, Caenorhabditis elegans arrests development to enter a non-aging, resistant diapause state called the dauer larva. Olfactory sensation modulates the TGF-β and insulin signaling pathways to control this developmental decision. Four mutant alleles of daf-25 (abnormal DAuer Formation) were isolated from screens for mutants exhibiting constitutive dauer formation and found to be defective in olfaction. The daf-25 dauer phenotype is suppressed by daf-10/IFT122 mutations (which disrupt ciliogenesis), but not by daf-6/PTCHD3 mutations (which prevent environmental exposure of sensory cilia), implying that DAF-25 functions in the cilia themselves. daf-25 encodes the C. elegans ortholog of mammalian Ankmy2, a MYND domain protein of unknown function. Disruption of DAF-25, which localizes to sensory cilia, produces no apparent cilia structure anomalies, as determined by light and electron microscopy. Hinting at its potential function, the dauer phenotype, epistatic order, and expression profile of daf-25 are similar to daf-11, which encodes a cilium-localized guanylyl cyclase. Indeed, we demonstrate that DAF-25 is required for proper DAF-11 ciliary localization. Furthermore, the functional interaction is evolutionarily conserved, as mouse Ankmy2 interacts with guanylyl cyclase GC1 from ciliary photoreceptors. The interaction may be specific because daf-25 mutants have normally-localized OSM-9/TRPV4, TAX-4/CNGA1, CHE-2/IFT80, CHE-11/IFT140, CHE-13/IFT57, BBS-8, OSM-5/IFT88, and XBX-1/D2LIC in the cilia. Intraflagellar transport (IFT) (required to build cilia) is not defective in daf-25 mutants, although the ciliary localization of DAF-25 itself is influenced in che-11 mutants, which are defective in retrograde IFT. In summary, we have discovered a novel ciliary protein that plays an important role in cGMP signaling by localizing a guanylyl cyclase to the sensory organelle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor L. Jensen
- Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Nathan J. Bialas
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Sharon L. Bishop-Hurley
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- CSIRO-Livestock Industries, Queensland Biosciences Precinct, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Laurie L. Molday
- Centre for Macular Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Katarzyna Kida
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Oliver E. Blacque
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Robert S. Molday
- Centre for Macular Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Michel R. Leroux
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Donald L. Riddle
- Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Ugur Iseri SA, Durlu YK, Tolun A. A novel recessive GUCY2D mutation causing cone-rod dystrophy and not Leber's congenital amaurosis. Eur J Hum Genet 2010; 18:1121-6. [PMID: 20517349 PMCID: PMC2987461 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2010.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2009] [Revised: 03/26/2010] [Accepted: 04/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cone-rod dystrophies are inherited retinal dystrophies that are characterized by progressive degeneration of cones and rods, causing an early decrease in central visual acuity and colour vision defects, followed by loss of peripheral vision in adolescence or early adult life. Both genetic and clinical heterogeneity are well known. In a family with autosomal recessive cone-rod dystrophy, genetic analyses comprising genome scan with microsatellite markers, fine mapping and candidate gene approach resulted in the identification of a homozygous missense GUCY2D mutation. This is the first GUCY2D mutation associated with autosomal recessive cone-rod dystrophy rather than Leber's congenital amaurosis (LCA), a severe disease leading to childhood blindness. This study hence establishes GUCY2D, which is a common cause for both recessive LCA and dominant cone-rod dystrophy, as a good candidate for autosomal recessive cone-rod dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibel A Ugur Iseri
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yusuf K Durlu
- Retina Section, Dünya Eye Hospital, Altunizade, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aslihan Tolun
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Behnen P, Dell'Orco D, Koch KW. Involvement of the calcium sensor GCAP1 in hereditary cone dystrophies. Biol Chem 2010; 391:631-7. [PMID: 20370318 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2010.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Progressive visual impairment leading to blindness is often associated with inherited retinal dystrophies. These disorders correlate in most cases with mutations in genes that code for proteins of the visual transduction system in rod and cone photoreceptor cells. Recent progress has highlighted the involvement of a neuronal calcium sensor protein that is specifically expressed in rod and cone cells and operates as a guanylate cyclase-activating protein (GCAP). A group of patients suffering from cone or cone-rod dystrophies carry mutations in the GCAP1 gene, and biochemical analysis of GCAP1 function revealed that for most of these mutations GCAP1 exhibits a disturbance in its Ca(2+)-sensing and its guanylate cyclase-activating properties. Cellular consequences of different GCAP1 mutations are compared and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Behnen
- Department of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Biochemistry Group, University of Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany
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Comprehensive Analysis of the Achromatopsia Genes CNGA3 and CNGB3 in Progressive Cone Dystrophy. Ophthalmology 2010; 117:825-30.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2009.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2009] [Revised: 08/03/2009] [Accepted: 09/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Larhammar D, Nordström K, Larsson TA. Evolution of vertebrate rod and cone phototransduction genes. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2009; 364:2867-80. [PMID: 19720650 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2009.0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Vertebrate cones and rods in several cases use separate but related components for their signal transduction (opsins, G-proteins, ion channels, etc.). Some of these proteins are also used differentially in other cell types in the retina. Because cones, rods and other retinal cell types originated in early vertebrate evolution, it is of interest to see if their specific genes arose in the extensive gene duplications that took place in the ancestor of the jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes) by two tetraploidizations (genome doublings). The ancestor of teleost fishes subsequently underwent a third tetraploidization. Our previously reported analyses showed that several gene families in the vertebrate visual phototransduction cascade received new members in the basal tetraploidizations. We here expand these data with studies of additional gene families and vertebrate species. We conclude that no less than 10 of the 13 studied phototransduction gene families received additional members in the two basal vertebrate tetraploidizations. Also the remaining three families seem to have undergone duplications during the same time period but it is unclear if this happened as a result of the tetraploidizations. The implications of the many early vertebrate gene duplications for functional specialization of specific retinal cell types, particularly cones and rods, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Larhammar
- Department of Neuroscience, Unit of Pharmacology, Uppsala University, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Hunt DM, Buch P, Michaelides M. Guanylate cyclases and associated activator proteins in retinal disease. Mol Cell Biochem 2009; 334:157-68. [PMID: 19941038 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-009-0331-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2009] [Accepted: 11/04/2009] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Two isoforms of guanylate cyclase, GC1 and GC2 encoded by GUCY2D and GUCY2F, are responsible for the replenishment of cGMP in photoreceptors after exposure to light. Both are required for the normal kinetics of photoreceptor sensitivity and recovery, although disease mutations are restricted to GUCY2D. Recessive mutations in this gene cause the severe early-onset blinding disorder Leber congenital amaurosis whereas dominant mutations result in a later onset less severe cone-rod dystrophy. Cyclase activity is regulated by Ca(2+) which binds to the GC-associated proteins, GCAP1 and GCAP2 encoded by GUCA1A and GUCA1B, respectively. No recessive mutations in either of these genes have been reported. Dominant missense mutations are largely confined to the Ca(2+)-binding EF hands of the proteins. In a similar fashion to the disease mechanism for the dominant GUCY2D mutations, these mutations generally alter the sensitivity of the cyclase to inhibition as Ca(2+) levels rise following a light flash.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Hunt
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK.
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Saha S, Biswas KH, Kondapalli C, Isloor N, Visweswariah SS. The linker region in receptor guanylyl cyclases is a key regulatory module: mutational analysis of guanylyl cyclase C. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:27135-45. [PMID: 19648115 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.020032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor guanylyl cyclases are multidomain proteins, and ligand binding to the extracellular domain increases the levels of intracellular cGMP. The intracellular domain of these receptors is composed of a kinase homology domain (KHD), a linker of approximately 70 amino acids, followed by the C-terminal guanylyl cyclase domain. Mechanisms by which these receptors are allosterically regulated by ligand binding to the extracellular domain and ATP binding to the KHD are not completely understood. Here we examine the role of the linker region in receptor guanylyl cyclases by a series of point mutations in receptor guanylyl cyclase C. The linker region is predicted to adopt a coiled coil structure and aid in dimerization, but we find that the effects of mutations neither follow a pattern predicted for a coiled coil peptide nor abrogate dimerization. Importantly, this region is critical for repressing the guanylyl cyclase activity of the receptor in the absence of ligand and permitting ligand-mediated activation of the cyclase domain. Mutant receptors with high basal guanylyl cyclase activity show no further activation in the presence of non-ionic detergents, suggesting that hydrophobic interactions in the basal and inactive conformation of the guanylyl cyclase domain are disrupted by mutation. Equivalent mutations in the linker region of guanylyl cyclase A also elevated the basal activity and abolished ligand- and detergent-mediated activation. We, therefore, have defined a key regulatory role for the linker region of receptor guanylyl cyclases which serves as a transducer of information from the extracellular domain via the KHD to the catalytic domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayanti Saha
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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