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Bi H, Chen X, Gao S, Yu X, Xiao J, Zhang B, Liu X, Dai M. Key Triggers of Osteoclast-Related Diseases and Available Strategies for Targeted Therapies: A Review. Front Med (Lausanne) 2017; 4:234. [PMID: 29326938 PMCID: PMC5742334 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2017.00234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts, the only cells with bone resorption functions in vivo, maintain the balance of bone metabolism by cooperating with osteoblasts, which are responsible for bone formation. Excessive activity of osteoclasts causes many diseases such as osteoporosis, periprosthetic osteolysis, bone tumors, and Paget's disease. In contrast, osteopetrosis results from osteoclast deficiency. Available strategies for combating over-activated osteoclasts and the subsequently induced diseases can be categorized into three approaches: facilitating osteoclast apoptosis, inhibiting osteoclastogenesis, and impairing bone resorption. Bisphosphonates are representative molecules that function by triggering osteoclast apoptosis. New drugs, such as tumor necrosis factor and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) inhibitors (e.g., denosumab) have been developed for targeting the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B /RANKL/osteoprotegerin system or CSF-1/CSF-1R axis, which play critical roles in osteoclast formation. Furthermore, vacuolar (H+)-ATPase inhibitors, cathepsin K inhibitors, and glucagon-like peptide 2 impair different stages of the bone resorption process. Recently, significant achievements have been made in this field. The aim of this review is to provide an updated summary of the current progress in research involving osteoclast-related diseases and of the development of targeted inhibitors of osteoclast formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidi Bi
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Artificial Joints Engineering and Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Xing Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The People's Hospital of Changxing County, Huzhou, China
| | - Song Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Artificial Joints Engineering and Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaolong Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Artificial Joints Engineering and Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Artificial Joints Engineering and Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Artificial Joints Engineering and Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Xuqiang Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Artificial Joints Engineering and Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Min Dai
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Artificial Joints Engineering and Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
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Visconti MR, Usategui-Martín R, Ralston SH. Antibody Response to Paramyxoviruses in Paget's Disease of Bone. Calcif Tissue Int 2017; 101:141-147. [PMID: 28361207 PMCID: PMC5498588 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-017-0265-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Paget's disease of bone (PDB) is a common skeletal disorder characterised by focal abnormalities of increased and disorganised bone turnover. Genetic factors play a central role in the pathogenesis of PDB but environmental factors also contribute. Measles virus (MV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and canine distemper virus (CDV) have all been implicated as potential disease triggers but the data are conflicting. Since chronic paramyxovirus infection with measles is known to be accompanied by increased production of antiviral antibodies, we have analysed circulating concentrations of antibodies to MV, CDV, and RSV as well as mumps, rubella and varicella zoster virus (VZV) in 463 patients with PDB and 220 aged and gender-matched controls. We also studied the relation between viral antibody concentrations and various markers of disease severity and extent in 460 PDB patients. A high proportion of cases and controls tested positive for antiviral antibodies but there was no significant difference in circulating antibody concentrations between PDB cases and controls for MV, CDV, RSV, rubella or VZV. However, mumps virus antibody levels were significantly higher in the PDB cases (mean ± SD = 3.1 ± 0.84 vs. 2.62 ± 0.86. p < 0.001). There was no association between disease severity and circulating antibody concentrations to any of the viruses. In conclusion, we found no evidence to suggest that PDB is associated with abnormalities of immune response to measles or other paramyxoviruses, although there was evidence of a greater antibody response to mumps. The results do not support that hypothesis that PDB is associated with a persistent infection with measles or other paramyxoviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela Rios Visconti
- The Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Ricardo Usategui-Martín
- The Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Stuart H Ralston
- The Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK.
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Lin YH, Jewell BE, Gingold J, Lu L, Zhao R, Wang LL, Lee DF. Osteosarcoma: Molecular Pathogenesis and iPSC Modeling. Trends Mol Med 2017; 23:737-755. [PMID: 28735817 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Rare hereditary disorders provide unequivocal evidence of the importance of genes in human disease pathogenesis. Familial syndromes that predispose to osteosarcomagenesis are invaluable in understanding the underlying genetics of this malignancy. Recently, patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have been successfully utilized to model Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS)-associated bone malignancy, demonstrating that iPSCs can serve as an in vitro disease model to elucidate osteosarcoma etiology. We provide here an overview of osteosarcoma predisposition syndromes and review recently established iPSC disease models for these familial syndromes. Merging molecular information gathered from these models with the current knowledge of osteosarcoma biology will help us to gain a deeper understanding of the pathological mechanisms underlying osteosarcomagenesis and will potentially aid in the development of future patient therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Brittany E Jewell
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Julian Gingold
- Women's Health Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Linchao Lu
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology/Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ruiying Zhao
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lisa L Wang
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology/Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dung-Fang Lee
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics and School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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54
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Randall RE, Griffin DE. Within host RNA virus persistence: mechanisms and consequences. Curr Opin Virol 2017; 23:35-42. [PMID: 28319790 PMCID: PMC5474179 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In a prototypical response to an acute viral infection it would be expected that the adaptive immune response would eliminate all virally infected cells within a few weeks of infection. However many (non-retrovirus) RNA viruses can establish 'within host' persistent infections that occasionally lead to chronic or reactivated disease. Despite the importance of 'within host' persistent RNA virus infections, much has still to be learnt about the molecular mechanisms by which RNA viruses establish persistent infections, why innate and adaptive immune responses fail to rapidly clear these infections, and the epidemiological and potential disease consequences of such infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diane E Griffin
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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55
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Nebot Valenzuela E, Pietschmann P. Epidemiology and pathology of Paget's disease of bone - a review. Wien Med Wochenschr 2017; 167:2-8. [PMID: 27600564 PMCID: PMC5266784 DOI: 10.1007/s10354-016-0496-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Paget's disease of bone (PDB) is a noninflammatory, metabolic, skeletal disorder characterized by localized excessive osteoclastic bone resorption that is followed by compensatory increased osteoblastic activity leading to unstructured, fibroblastic, and biomechanically unstable bone. As a result, there is deformity and enlargement of the bone with a defective and disorganized pattern. Here, we review the epidemiology, etiology, pathology, macrostructure, histology, and quantitative histomorphometry findings of PDB. Hyperosteoclastosis and poor definition of the boundary between cortical and medullary bone are the main histological findings in PDB. Additionally, Pagetic bone is also characterized by hypertrophy and alteration of trabecular parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Nebot Valenzuela
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Physiology, School of Pharmacy, and Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - Peter Pietschmann
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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56
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Abstract
Paget’s disease of bone (PDB) is the second most common metabolic bone disorder, after osteoporosis. It is characterised by focal areas of increased and disorganised bone turnover, coupled with increased bone formation. This disease usually appears in the late stages of life, being slightly more frequent in men than in women. It has been reported worldwide, but primarily affects individuals of British descent. Majority of PDB patients are asymptomatic, but clinical manifestations include pain, bone deformity and complications, like pathological fractures and deafness. The causes of the disease are poorly understood and it is considered as a complex trait, combining genetic predisposition with environmental factors. Linkage analysis identified SQSTM1, at chromosome 5q35, as directly related to the disease. A number of mutations in this gene have been reported, pP392L being the most common variant among different populations. Most of these variants affect the ubiquitin-associated (UBA) domain of the protein, which is involved in autophagy processes. Genome-wide association studies enlarged the number of loci associated with PDB, and further fine-mapping studies, combined with functional analysis, identified OPTN and RIN3 as causal genes for Paget’s disease. A combination of risk alleles identified by genome-wide association studies led to the development of a score to predict disease severity, which could improve the management of the disease. Further studies need to be conducted to elucidate other important aspects of the trait, such as its focal nature and the epidemiological changes found in some populations. In this review, we summarize the clinical characteristics of the disease and the latest genetic advances to identify susceptibility genes. We also list current available treatments and prospective options.
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57
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Synthesis and biological evaluation of rhein amides as inhibitors of osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 123:769-776. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Boudin E, Fijalkowski I, Hendrickx G, Van Hul W. Genetic control of bone mass. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 432:3-13. [PMID: 26747728 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Bone mineral density (BMD) is a quantitative traits used as a surrogate phenotype for the diagnosis of osteoporosis, a common metabolic disorder characterized by increased fracture risk as a result of a decreased bone mass and deterioration of the microarchitecture of the bone. Normal variation in BMD is determined by both environmental and genetic factors. According to heritability studies, 50-85% of the variance in BMD is controlled by genetic factors which are mostly polygenic. In contrast to the complex etiology of osteoporosis, there are disorders with deviating BMD values caused by one mutation with a large impact. These mutations can result in monogenic bone disorders with either an extreme high (sclerosteosis, Van Buchem disease, osteopetrosis, high bone mass phenotype) or low BMD (osteogenesis imperfecta, juvenile osteoporosis, primary osteoporosis). Identification of the disease causing genes, increased the knowledge on the regulation of BMD and highlighted important signaling pathways and novel therapeutic targets such as sclerostin, RANKL and cathepsin K. Genetic variation in genes involved in these pathways are often also involved in the regulation of normal variation in BMD and osteoporosis susceptibility. In the last decades, identification of genetic factors regulating BMD has proven to be a challenge. Several approaches have been tested such as linkage studies and candidate and genome wide association studies. Although, throughout the years, technological developments made it possible to study increasing numbers of genetic variants in populations with increasing sample sizes at the same time, only a small fraction of the genetic impact can yet be explained. In order to elucidate the missing heritability, the focus shifted to studying the role of rare variants, copy number variations and epigenetic influences. This review summarizes the genetic cause of different monogenic bone disorders with deviating BMD and the knowledge on genetic factors explaining normal variation in BMD and osteoporosis risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eveline Boudin
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Igor Fijalkowski
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Gretl Hendrickx
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wim Van Hul
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
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59
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Kato A, Itoh T, Anami Y, Egawa D, Yamamoto K. Helix12-Stabilization Antagonist of Vitamin D Receptor. Bioconjug Chem 2016; 27:1750-61. [PMID: 27294600 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
To develop strong vitamin D receptor (VDR) antagonists and reveal their antagonistic mechanism, we designed and synthesized vitamin D analogues with bulky side chains based on the "active antagonist" concept in which antagonist prevents helix 12 (H12) folding. Of the synthesized analogues, compounds 3a and 3b showed strong antagonistic activity. Dynamic hydrogen/deuterium exchange coupled with mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) and static X-ray crystal structure analyses indicated that compound 3a stabilizes H11-H12 but displaces H6-H7 so that 3a is a novel rather than "active" or "passive" type of antagonist. We classified 3a as a third type of antagonist and called it "H11-H12 stabilization antagonist". HDX-MS analysis indicated that antagonist 3b is an "active" antagonist. To date there are no reports relating to nuclear receptor antagonist that strongly stabilizes H12. In this study, we found first VDR antagonist that stabilizes H12 and we showed that antagonistic mechanism is diverse depending on each antagonist structure. Additionally, HDX-MS was proven to be very useful for investigations of protein structure alterations resulting from ligand binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Kato
- Laboratory of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University , 3-3165 Higashi-Tamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Toshimasa Itoh
- Laboratory of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University , 3-3165 Higashi-Tamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Anami
- Laboratory of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University , 3-3165 Higashi-Tamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Daichi Egawa
- Laboratory of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University , 3-3165 Higashi-Tamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Keiko Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University , 3-3165 Higashi-Tamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
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60
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Menéndez-Bueyes LR, Soler Fernández MDC. Paget's Disease of Bone: Approach to Its Historical Origins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 13:66-72. [PMID: 27061664 DOI: 10.1016/j.reuma.2016.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Paget's disease of bone is the second most common bone disease after osteoporosis. It is characterized by focal regions of highly exaggerated bone remodeling, with abnormalities in all phases of the remodeling process. This study aims to investigate the hypothesis of a possible British origin of Paget's disease of bone by studying the worldwide geographic distribution of cases identified in ancient skeletons excavated from archaeological sites. The methodology consists in reviewing cases of Paget's disease of bone described in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis R Menéndez-Bueyes
- Departamento de Prehistoria, Historia Antigua y Arqueología, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, España.
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61
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Guay-Bélanger S, Simonyan D, Bureau A, Gagnon E, Albert C, Morissette J, Siris ES, Orcel P, Brown JP, Michou L. Development of a molecular test of Paget's disease of bone. Bone 2016; 84:213-221. [PMID: 26772620 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Depending on populations, 15 to 40% of patients have a familial form of Paget's disease of bone (PDB), which is transmitted in an autosomal-dominant mode of inheritance with incomplete penetrance. To date, only SQSTM1 gene mutations have been linked to the disease. Several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been associated with PDB in patient non-carriers of SQSTM1 mutations, but they have minor size effects. The current clinical practice guidelines still recommend to measure total serum alkaline phosphatase (sALP) for PDB screening. However, genetic or bone biomarkers alone may lack sensitivity to detect PDB. Thus, the objective of this study was to develop a molecular test of PDB, combining genetic and bone biomarkers, in order to detect PDB, which is frequently asymptomatic. We genotyped 35 SNPs previously associated with PDB in 305 patients, and 292 healthy controls. In addition, serum levels of 14 bone biomarkers were assayed in 51 patients and 151 healthy controls. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models with adjustment for age and sex were fitted to search for a combination of SNPs and/or bone biomarkers that could best detect PDB in patient non-carriers of SQSTM1 mutations. First, a combination of five genetic markers gave rise to the highest area under the ROC curve (AUC) with 95% confidence interval [95% CI] of 0.731 [0.688; 0.773], which allowed us to detect 81.5% of patients with PDB. Second, a combination of two bone biomarkers had an AUC of 0.822 [0.726; 0.918], and was present in 81.5% of patients with PDB. Then, the combination of the five genetic markers and the two bone biomarkers increased the AUC up to 0.892 [0.833; 0.951], and detected 88.5% of patients with PDB. These results suggested that an algorithm integrating first a screen for SQSTM1 gene mutations, followed by either a genetic markers combination or a combined genetic and biochemical markers test in patients non-carrier of any SQSTM1 mutation, may detect the PDB phenotype better than biomarkers already available in the clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Guay-Bélanger
- CHU de Québec Research Centre, Quebec, QC, Canada; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | | | - Alexandre Bureau
- Département de Médecine Sociale et Préventive, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Centre de Recherche du Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de la Capitale-Nationale, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Edith Gagnon
- CHU de Québec Research Centre, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | | | | | - Ethel S Siris
- Columbia University Medical Centre, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Philippe Orcel
- Pôle Appareil Locomoteur, Service de Rhumatologie B, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Jacques P Brown
- CHU de Québec Research Centre, Quebec, QC, Canada; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada; Department of Rheumatology, CHU de Québec, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Laëtitia Michou
- CHU de Québec Research Centre, Quebec, QC, Canada; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada; Department of Rheumatology, CHU de Québec, Quebec, QC, Canada.
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Teramachi J, Nagata Y, Mohammad K, Inagaki Y, Ohata Y, Guise T, Michou L, Brown JP, Windle JJ, Kurihara N, Roodman GD. Measles virus nucleocapsid protein increases osteoblast differentiation in Paget's disease. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:1012-22. [PMID: 26878170 DOI: 10.1172/jci82012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Paget's disease (PD) is characterized by focal and dramatic bone resorption and formation. Treatments that target osteoclasts (OCLs) block both pagetic bone resorption and formation; therefore, PD offers key insights into mechanisms that couple bone resorption and formation. Here, we evaluated OCLs from 3 patients with PD and determined that measles virus nucleocapsid protein (MVNP) was expressed in 70% of these OCLs. Moreover, transgenic mice with OCL-specific expression of MVNP (MVNP mice) developed PD-like bone lesions that required MVNP-dependent induction of high IL-6 expression levels in OCLs. In contrast, mice harboring a knockin of p62P394L (p62-KI mice), which is the most frequent PD-associated mutation, exhibited increased bone resorption, but not formation. Evaluation of OCLs from MVNP, p62-KI, and WT mice revealed increased IGF1 expression in MVNP-expressing OCLs that resulted from the high IL-6 expression levels in these cells. IL-6, in turn, increased the expression of coupling factors, specifically ephrinB2 on OCLs and EphB4 on osteoblasts (OBs). IGF1 enhanced ephrinB2 expression on OCLs and OB differentiation. Importantly, ephrinB2 and IGF1 levels were increased in MVNP-expressing OCLs from patients with PD and MVNP-transduced human OCLs compared with levels detected in controls. Further, anti-IGF1 or anti-IGF1R blocked Runx2 and osteocalcin upregulation in OBs cocultured with MVNP-expressing OCLs. These results suggest that in PD, MVNP upregulates IL-6 and IGF1 in OCLs to increase ephrinB2-EphB4 coupling and bone formation.
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63
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Divisato G, Formicola D, Esposito T, Merlotti D, Pazzaglia L, Del Fattore A, Siris E, Orcel P, Brown JP, Nuti R, Strazzullo P, Benassi MS, Cancela ML, Michou L, Rendina D, Gennari L, Gianfrancesco F. ZNF687 Mutations in Severe Paget Disease of Bone Associated with Giant Cell Tumor. Am J Hum Genet 2016; 98:275-86. [PMID: 26849110 PMCID: PMC4746367 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2015.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Paget disease of bone (PDB) is a skeletal disorder characterized by focal abnormalities of bone remodeling, which result in enlarged and deformed bones in one or more regions of the skeleton. In some cases, the pagetic tissue undergoes neoplastic transformation, resulting in osteosarcoma and, less frequently, in giant cell tumor of bone (GCT). We performed whole-exome sequencing in a large family with 14 PDB-affected members, four of whom developed GCT at multiple pagetic skeletal sites, and we identified the c.2810C>G (p.Pro937Arg) missense mutation in the zinc finger protein 687 gene (ZNF687). The mutation precisely co-segregated with the clinical phenotype in all affected family members. The sequencing of seven unrelated individuals with GCT associated with PDB (GCT/PDB) identified the same mutation in all individuals, unravelling a founder effect. ZNF687 is highly expressed during osteoclastogenesis and osteoblastogenesis and is dramatically upregulated in the tumor tissue of individuals with GCT/PDB. Interestingly, our preliminary findings showed that ZNF687, indicated as a target gene of the NFkB transcription factor by ChIP-seq analysis, is also upregulated in the peripheral blood of PDB-affected individuals with (n = 5) or without (n = 6) mutations in SQSTM1, encouraging additional studies to investigate its potential role as a biomarker of PDB risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Divisato
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso," National Research Council of Italy, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Formicola
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso," National Research Council of Italy, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Teresa Esposito
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso," National Research Council of Italy, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Merlotti
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena 53100, Italy
| | - Laura Pazzaglia
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna 40136, Italy
| | - Andrea Del Fattore
- Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Regenerative Medicine Unit, Rome 00146, Italy
| | - Ethel Siris
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Centre, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Philippe Orcel
- Pôle Appareil Locomoteur, Service de Rhumatologie B, Hôpital Lariboisière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris 75010, France
| | - Jacques P Brown
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC 42178, Canada
| | - Ranuccio Nuti
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena 53100, Italy
| | - Pasquale Strazzullo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Maria Serena Benassi
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna 40136, Italy
| | - M Leonor Cancela
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine and Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
| | - Laetitia Michou
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC 42178, Canada
| | - Domenico Rendina
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Luigi Gennari
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena 53100, Italy
| | - Fernando Gianfrancesco
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso," National Research Council of Italy, 80131 Naples, Italy.
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64
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Sousa BL, Barroso-Neto IL, Oliveira EF, Fonseca E, Lima-Neto P, Ladeira LO, Freire VN. Explaining RANKL inhibition by OPG through quantum biochemistry computations and insights into peptide-design for the treatment of osteoporosis. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra16712h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantum biochemistry computations are applied to precisely describe important protein–protein interactions, providing a basis for the design of inhibitory peptides against osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno L. Sousa
- Departamento de Física
- Universidade Federal do Ceará
- Fortaleza
- Brazil
| | - Ito L. Barroso-Neto
- Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química
- Universidade Federal do Ceará
- Fortaleza
- Brazil
| | | | - Emerson Fonseca
- Departamento de Física
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
- Belo Horizonte
- Brazil
| | - Pedro Lima-Neto
- Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química
- Universidade Federal do Ceará
- Fortaleza
- Brazil
| | - Luiz O. Ladeira
- Departamento de Física
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
- Belo Horizonte
- Brazil
| | - Valder N. Freire
- Departamento de Física
- Universidade Federal do Ceará
- Fortaleza
- Brazil
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65
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Pierrefite-Carle V, Santucci-Darmanin S, Breuil V, Camuzard O, Carle GF. Autophagy in bone: Self-eating to stay in balance. Ageing Res Rev 2015; 24:206-17. [PMID: 26318060 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy, a major catabolic pathway responsible of the elimination of damaged proteins and organelles, is now recognized as an anti-aging process. In addition to its basal role in cell homeostasis, autophagy is also a stress-responsive mechanism for survival purposes. Here, we review recent literature to highlight the autophagy role in the different bone cell types, i.e., osteoblasts, osteoclasts and osteocytes. We also discuss the effects of autophagy modulators in bone physiology and of bone anabolic compounds in autophagy. Finally, we analyzed studies regarding bone cell autophagy-deficient mouse models to obtain a more general view on how autophagy modulates bone physiology and pathophysiology, particularly during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Pierrefite-Carle
- UMR E-4320 TIRO-MATOs CEA/iBEB, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Faculté de Médecine Nice, France.
| | - Sabine Santucci-Darmanin
- UMR E-4320 TIRO-MATOs CEA/iBEB, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Faculté de Médecine Nice, France
| | - Véronique Breuil
- UMR E-4320 TIRO-MATOs CEA/iBEB, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Faculté de Médecine Nice, France; Service de Rhumatologie, CHU de Nice, Nice, France
| | - Olivier Camuzard
- UMR E-4320 TIRO-MATOs CEA/iBEB, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Faculté de Médecine Nice, France; Service de Chirurgie Réparatrice et de la main, CHU de Nice, Nice, France
| | - Georges F Carle
- UMR E-4320 TIRO-MATOs CEA/iBEB, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Faculté de Médecine Nice, France
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66
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Abstract
The current understanding of Paget disease of bone (PDB) has vastly changed since Paget described the first case in 1877. Medical management of this condition remains the mainstay of treatment. Surgical intervention is usually only used in fractures through pagetic bone, need for realignment to correct deformity in major long bones, prophylactic treatment of impending fractures, joint arthroplasty in severe arthritis, or spinal decompression in cases of bony compression of neural elements. Advances in surgical technique have allowed early return to function and mobilization. Despite medical and surgical intervention, a small subset of patients with PDB develops Paget sarcoma.
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67
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Mano H, Nishikawa M, Yasuda K, Ikushiro S, Saito N, Takano M, Kittaka A, Sakaki T. Development of Novel Bioluminescent Sensor to Detect and Discriminate between Vitamin D Receptor Agonists and Antagonists in Living Cells. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 26:2038-45. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Mano
- Department
of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Miyu Nishikawa
- Department
of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
- Imizu
Institute, TOPU BIO RESEARCH Co., Ltd, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Kaori Yasuda
- Department
of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Shinichi Ikushiro
- Department
of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Nozomi Saito
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Masashi Takano
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kittaka
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Sakaki
- Department
of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
- Imizu
Institute, TOPU BIO RESEARCH Co., Ltd, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
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68
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Fan TM, Khanna C. Comparative Aspects of Osteosarcoma Pathogenesis in Humans and Dogs. Vet Sci 2015; 2:210-230. [PMID: 29061942 PMCID: PMC5644632 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci2030210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a primary and aggressive bone sarcoma affecting the skeleton of two principal species, human beings and canines. The biologic behavior of OS is conserved between people and dogs, and evidence suggests that fundamental discoveries in OS biology can be facilitated through detailed and comparative studies. In particular, the relative genetic homogeneity associated with specific dog breeds can provide opportunities to facilitate the discovery of key genetic drivers involved in OS pathogenesis, which, to-date, remain elusive. In this review, known causative factors that predispose to the development OS in human beings and dogs are summarized in detail. Based upon the commonalities shared in OS pathogenesis, it is likely that foundational discoveries in one species will be translationally relevant to the other and emphasizes the unique opportunities that might be gained through comparative scientific approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M Fan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Comparative Oncology Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61820, USA.
| | - Chand Khanna
- Tumor and Metastasis Biology Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Clinical Research, The National Cancer Institute, Washington, DC 20004, USA.
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Greenblatt MB, Park KH, Oh H, Kim JM, Shin DY, Lee JM, Lee JW, Singh A, Lee KY, Hu D, Xiao C, Charles JF, Penninger JM, Lotinun S, Baron R, Ghosh S, Shim JH. CHMP5 controls bone turnover rates by dampening NF-κB activity in osteoclasts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [PMID: 26195726 PMCID: PMC4516796 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20150407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Physiological bone remodeling requires that bone formation by osteoblasts be tightly coupled to bone resorption by osteoclasts. However, relatively little is understood about how this coupling is regulated. Here, we demonstrate that modulation of NF-κB signaling in osteoclasts via a novel activity of charged multivesicular body protein 5 (CHMP5) is a key determinant of systemic rates of bone turnover. A conditional deletion of CHMP5 in osteoclasts leads to increased bone resorption by osteoclasts coupled with exuberant bone formation by osteoblasts, resembling an early onset, polyostotic form of human Paget's disease of bone (PDB). These phenotypes are reversed by haploinsufficiency for Rank, as well as by antiresorptive treatments, including alendronate, zolendronate, and OPG-Fc. Accordingly, CHMP5-deficient osteoclasts display increased RANKL-induced NF-κB activation and osteoclast differentiation. Biochemical analysis demonstrated that CHMP5 cooperates with the PDB genetic risk factor valosin-containing protein (VCP/p97) to stabilize the inhibitor of NF-κBα (IκBα), down-regulating ubiquitination of IκBα via the deubiquitinating enzyme USP15. Thus, CHMP5 tunes NF-κB signaling downstream of RANK in osteoclasts to dampen osteoclast differentiation, osteoblast coupling and bone turnover rates, and disruption of CHMP5 activity results in a PDB-like skeletal disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B Greenblatt
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 Department of Medicine and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
| | - Kwang Hwan Park
- Department of Medicine and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065 Department of Microbiology, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea Department of Microbiology, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwanhee Oh
- Department of Medicine and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
| | - Jung-Min Kim
- Department of Medicine and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
| | - Dong Yeon Shin
- Department of Medicine and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
| | - Jae Myun Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woo Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Anju Singh
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences/National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850
| | - Ki-young Lee
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Dorothy Hu
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Changchun Xiao
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Julia F Charles
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Josef M Penninger
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sutada Lotinun
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115 Department of Physiology and STAR on Craniofacial and Skeletal Disorders, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Roland Baron
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Sankar Ghosh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032
| | - Jae-Hyuck Shim
- Department of Medicine and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
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70
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Al Nofal AA, Altayar O, BenKhadra K, Qasim Agha OQ, Asi N, Nabhan M, Prokop LJ, Tebben P, Murad MH. Bone turnover markers in Paget's disease of the bone: A Systematic review and meta-analysis. Osteoporos Int 2015; 26:1875-91. [PMID: 26037791 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-015-3095-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to study the utility of the commonly used bone turnover markers in evaluating disease activity in patients with Paget's disease of bone before and after treatment with bisphosphonates. We found good correlation between the bone turnover marker concentrations and disease activity assessed by bone scintigraphy. INTRODUCTION Paget's disease of bone is a common skeletal disorder of the elderly. Bone turnover marker concentrations are used for diagnosis and follow-up. We aimed to compare the available bone turnover markers and determine their utility in assessing disease activity when compared to quantitative bone scintigraphy. METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis searching MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Scopus. We evaluated total alkaline phosphatase (total ALP), bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (bone ALP), procollagen type 1 amino-terminal propeptide (P1NP), serum, and urine C-terminal telopeptide (uCTx and sCTx, respectively), and urine N-terminal telopeptide (uNTx). The main outcome of interest was the correlation of disease activity with concentrations of bone turnover markers in Paget's disease patients before and after treatment with bisphosphonates. Correlation coefficients were pooled across studies using the random effects model. RESULTS We included 17 observational studies and one trial reporting on 953 patients. Prior to treatment, all studied bone turnover markers had moderate to strong correlation with scintigraphic indices (correlation coefficients ranging from 0.58 to 0.80) with no statistically significant difference between the bone turnover markers overall (p = 0.08). P1NP, uNTx, and bone ALP tend to have higher correlation with scintigraphy. After starting treatment with bisphosphonate, there was moderate to strong correlation with disease activity with all markers except bone ALP (correlation coefficients ranging from 0.43 to 0.70). CONCLUSION The findings of this meta-analysis suggest the Paget's disease activity is best monitored by following P1NP levels. However, total ALP, bone ALP, and uNTx are good alternatives as markers of disease activity in untreated patients. Total ALP and uNTx can be useful in following patients with Paget's disease after treatment if P1NP is not available. Clinicians, however, should take availability, cost, and the presence of liver disease into consideration when deciding which bone turnover marker is most appropriate when evaluating patients with Paget's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Al Nofal
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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71
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Olson EJ, Shaw GC, Hutchinson EK, Schultz-Darken N, Bolton ID, Parker JB, Morrison JM, Baxter VK, Pate KAM, Mankowski JL, Carlson CS. Bone Disease in the Common Marmoset: Radiographic and Histological Findings. Vet Pathol 2015; 52:883-93. [PMID: 26077785 DOI: 10.1177/0300985815589354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) is a New World primate that is used in biomedical research due to its small size and relative ease of handling compared with larger primates. Although bone disease in common marmosets is well recognized, there are very few detailed descriptions in the literature that cover the range of lesions seen in these animals. For all animals used to model human disease, it is important to be aware of background lesions that may affect the interpretation of study findings. This retrospective study details bone diseases encountered in marmoset breeding colonies at 2 different institutions. Affected marmosets at Johns Hopkins University had lesions compatible with diagnoses of rickets, fibrous osteodystrophy and osteopenia. Affected marmosets at the Wisconsin National Primate Research Center exhibited severe lesions of osteoclastic bone resorption and remodeling that had an unusual distribution and were not easily categorized into a known disease entity. The purpose of this report is to document these naturally occurring skeletal lesions of common marmosets and suggest an approach to evaluating skeletal disease in prospective studies of these animals that will allow the most accurate diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Olson
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine, St Paul, MN, USA Both authors contributed equally to the work
| | - G C Shaw
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA Both authors contributed equally to the work
| | - E K Hutchinson
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA Division of Veterinary Resources, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - N Schultz-Darken
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - I D Bolton
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - J B Parker
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine, St Paul, MN, USA
| | - J M Morrison
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine, St Paul, MN, USA Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - V K Baxter
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - K A Metcalf Pate
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - J L Mankowski
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - C S Carlson
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine, St Paul, MN, USA
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72
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Lee CC, Liu FL, Chen CL, Chen TC, Chang DM, Huang HS. Discovery of 5-(2',4'-difluorophenyl)-salicylanilides as new inhibitors of receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 98:115-26. [PMID: 26005025 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
To improve the inhibitory potency of lead compound NDMC101 on RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis, a series of new 5-(2',4'-difluorophenyl)-salicylanilide derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for osteoclast inhibition by using TRAP-staining assay. Among them, both of compounds 6d and 6i showed three-fold increase in osteoclast-inhibitory activities compared to NDMC101 at half-inhibitory concentration. Further, the mechanistic study showed that 6d and 6i could suppress RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis-related genes, such as NFATc1, c-fos, TRAP, and cathepsin K. Their inhibitory activities were further confirmed by including specific inhibition of NF-κB and NFATc1 expression levels in nucleus. In addition, 6d and 6i also could significantly attenuate bone-resorbing activity of osteoclasts by performing pit formation assay. Thus, a new class of 5-(2',4'-difluorophenyl)-salicylanilide derivatives may be considered as essential lead structures for the further development of anti-resorptive agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chung Lee
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Fei-Lan Liu
- Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Liang Chen
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Chih Chen
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Deh-Ming Chang
- Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan.
| | - Hsu-Shan Huang
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan.
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73
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Yang Z, Chen W, Xia Z, Liu Y, Peggrem S, Geng T, Yang Z, Li H, Xu B, Zhang C, Triffitt JT, Zhang Y. Local application of ibandronate/gelatin sponge improves osteotomy healing in rabbits. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125807. [PMID: 25951178 PMCID: PMC4423918 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Delayed healing or non-union of skeletal fractures are common clinical complications. Ibandronate is a highly potent anti-catabolic reagent used for treatment of osteopenia and fracture prevention. We hypothesized that local application of ibandronate after fracture fixation may improve and sustain callus formation and therefore prevent delayed healing or non-union. This study tested the effect of local application of an ibandronate/gelatin sponge composite on osteotomy healing. A right-side distal-femoral osteotomy was created surgically, with fixation using a k-wire, in forty adult male rabbits. The animals were divided into four groups of ten animals and treated by: (i) intravenous injection of normal saline (Control); (ii) local implantation of absorbable gelatin sponge (GS); (iii) local implantation of absorbable GS containing ibandronate (IB+GS), and (iv) intravenous injection of ibandronate (IB i.v.). At two and four weeks the affected femora were harvested for X-ray photography, computed tomography (CT), biomechanical testing and histopathology. At both time-points the results showed that the calluses in both the ibandronate-treated groups, but especially in the IB+GS group, were significantly larger than in the control and GS groups. At four weeks the cross sectional area (CSA) and mechanical test results of ultimate load and energy in the IB+GS group were significantly higher than in other groups. Histological procedures showed a significant reduction in osteoclast numbers in the IB+GS and IB i.v. groups at day 14. The results indicate that local application of an ibandronate/gelatin sponge biomaterial improved early osteotomy healing after surgical fixation and suggest that such treatment may be a valuable local therapy to enhance fracture repair and potentially prevent delayed or non-union.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongyou Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050051 P R China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Biomechanics of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050051, P R China
- Orthopaedic Research Institution of Hebei Province, Hebei, P R China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050051 P R China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Biomechanics of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050051, P R China
- Orthopaedic Research Institution of Hebei Province, Hebei, P R China
| | - Zhidao Xia
- Centre for Nanohealth, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - Yueju Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050051 P R China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Biomechanics of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050051, P R China
- Orthopaedic Research Institution of Hebei Province, Hebei, P R China
| | - Shaun Peggrem
- Centre for Nanohealth, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - Tao Geng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050051 P R China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Biomechanics of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050051, P R China
- Orthopaedic Research Institution of Hebei Province, Hebei, P R China
| | - Zhaoxu Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050051, P.R. China
| | - Han Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050051 P R China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Biomechanics of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050051, P R China
- Orthopaedic Research Institution of Hebei Province, Hebei, P R China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050051 P R China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Biomechanics of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050051, P R China
- Orthopaedic Research Institution of Hebei Province, Hebei, P R China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050051 P R China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Biomechanics of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050051, P R China
- Orthopaedic Research Institution of Hebei Province, Hebei, P R China
| | - James T. Triffitt
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom OX37LD
| | - Yingze Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050051 P R China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Biomechanics of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050051, P R China
- Orthopaedic Research Institution of Hebei Province, Hebei, P R China
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Patients with potential bone and soft tissue tumors can be challenging for orthopedic surgeons. Lesions that appear benign can still create anxiety for the clinician and patient. However, attention to a few key imaging and clinical findings is enough to correctly diagnose five of the most common bone and soft tissue lesions: lipoma, enchondroma, osteochondroma, nonossifying fibroma, and Paget disease. Accurate identification of these lesions should be within the scope of most orthopedic surgeons and, because most of these patients will not need surgical treatment, referral to orthopedic oncology will not typically be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felasfa M Wodajo
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Surgery, Virginia Hospital Center, 1625 North George Mason, Suite 464, Arlington, VA 22205-3698, USA; Orthopedic Surgery, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA; Orthopedic Surgery, VCU School of Medicine, Inova Campus, VA 22205, USA.
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75
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Koide N, Kaneda A, Yokochi T, Umezawa K. Inhibition of RANKL- and LPS-induced osteoclast differentiations by novel NF-κB inhibitor DTCM-glutarimide. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 25:162-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Lee J, Kim HH. Methanol Extract of Croton Pycnanthus Benth. Inhibits Osteoclast Differentiation by Suppressing the MAPK and NF-κB Signaling Pathways. J Bone Metab 2014; 21:269-75. [PMID: 25489576 PMCID: PMC4255048 DOI: 10.11005/jbm.2014.21.4.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoclasts are differentiated from monocytes/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) ligand (RANKL). Croton pycnanthus Benth. (CPB) is a herbal plant that belongs to Euphorbiaceae family. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of CPB on osteoclastogenesis and RANKL-dependent signaling pathways. Methods Methanol extract of CPB was obtained from International Biological Material Research Center. Osteoclast differentiation was achieved by culturing mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) with M-CSF and RANKL. Osteoclast numbers were evaluated by counting multinuclear cells positive for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP). mRNA and protein levels were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blotting, respectively. The activation of signaling molecules were assessed after acute stimulation of cells with high dose of RANKL by Western blotting with phospho-specific antibodies. Results CPB reduced the generation of TRAP-positive multinucleated cells and the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and NF-κB signaling pathways. The induction of the expression of c-Fos, nuclear factor-activated T cells c1 (NFATc1) and dendritic cell-specific transmembrane protein (DC-STAMP) by RANKL was also suppressed. Conclusions CPB exerts negative effects on osteoclast differentiation in response to the RANKL. The inhibitory mechanism involves the suppression of MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways and subsequently the down-regulation of c-Fos and NFATc1 transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyeon Lee
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, BK21 Program and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hong-Hee Kim
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, BK21 Program and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Guay-Bélanger S, Picard S, Gagnon E, Morissette J, Siris ES, Orcel P, Brown JP, Michou L. Detection of SQSTM1/P392L post-zygotic mutations in Paget's disease of bone. Hum Genet 2014; 134:53-65. [PMID: 25241215 PMCID: PMC4282700 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-014-1488-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Paget’s disease of bone (PDB) is transmitted, in one-third of cases, in an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance with incomplete penetrance. The SQSTM1/P392L germinal mutation is the most common mutation associated with PDB. Given the focal nature of PDB, one team of investigators showed that SQSTM1/P392L somatic mutations could occur in pagetic bone lesions in the absence of germinal mutations detectable in the peripheral blood. The objectives of this study were to develop a reliable method to detect SQSTM1/P392L post-zygotic mutations, by optimizing a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-clamping method reported to be effective in detecting post-zygotic mutations in peripheral blood from patients with fibrous dysplasia; and to evaluate the frequency of this post-zygotic mutation in PDB patients. We used a locked nucleic acid (LNA) specifically designed for the SQSTM1/P392L mutation, which blocks the wild-type allele amplification during the PCR. DNA from 376 pagetic patients and 297 controls, all without any SQSTM1/P392L germinal mutation, was analyzed. We found that 4.8 % of PDB patients and 1.4 % of controls were carriers of this post-zygotic mutation [p = 0.013, OR 3.68 (1.23; 11.00)]. PDB patient carriers of a post-zygotic mutation had a lower number of affected bones and Renier’s index than patients carrying a germinal mutation, suggesting a lower disease extension. We also demonstrated that this post-zygotic mutation was restricted to the monocytic lineage. These results confirmed that LNA PCR clamping is effective for the detection of SQSTM1/P392L post-zygotic mutations, which may occur in patients with PDB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Guay-Bélanger
- CHU de Québec Research Centre, Rhumatologie-R4774, CHU de Québec, 2705 boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
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Klinck R, Laberge G, Bisson M, McManus S, Michou L, Brown JP, Roux S. Alternative splicing in osteoclasts and Paget's disease of bone. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2014; 15:98. [PMID: 25115182 PMCID: PMC4143580 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-014-0098-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Background Mutations in the SQSTM1/p62 gene have been reported in Paget’s disease of bone (PDB), but they are not sufficient to induce the pagetic osteoclast (OC) phenotype. We hypothesized that specific RNA isoforms of OC-related genes may contribute to the overactivity of pagetic OCs, along with other genetic predisposing factors. Methods Alternative splicing (AS) events were studied using a PCR-based screening strategy in OC cultures from 29 patients with PDB and 26 healthy donors (HD), all genotyped for the p62P392L mutation. Primer pairs targeting 5223 characterized AS events were used to analyze relative isoform ratios on pooled cDNA from samples of the four groups (PDB, PDBP392L, HD, HDP392L). Of the 1056 active AS events detected in the screening analysis, 192 were re-analyzed on non-amplified cDNA from each subject of the whole cohort. Results This analysis led to the identification of six AS events significantly associated with PDB, but none with p62P392L. The corresponding genes included LGALS8, RHOT1, CASC4, USP4, TBC1D25, and PIDD. In addition, RHOT1 and LGALS8 genes were upregulated in pagetic OCs, as were CASC4 and RHOT1 genes in the presence of p62P392L. Finally, we showed that the proteins encoded by LGALS8, RHOT1, USP4, TBC1D25, and PIDD were expressed in human OCs. Conclusion This study allowed the identification of hitherto unknown players in OC biology, and our findings of a differential AS in pagetic OCs may generate new concepts in the pathogenesis of PDB.
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79
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Sabharwal R, Gupta S, Sepolia S, Panigrahi R, Mohanty S, Subudhi SK, Kumar M. An Insight in to Paget's Disease of Bone. Niger J Surg 2014; 20:9-15. [PMID: 24665195 PMCID: PMC3953635 DOI: 10.4103/1117-6806.127098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Paget's disease of bone (PDB) is a common disorder which may affect one or many bones. Although many patients are asymptomatic, a variety of symptoms and complications may occur. PDB is a focal disorder of bone turnover characterized by excessive bone resorption coupled with bone formation. PDB begins with a period of increased osteoclastic activity and bone resorption, followed by increased osteoblast production of woven bone that is poorly mineralized. In the final phase of the disease process, dense cortical and trabecular bone deposition predominates, but the bone is sclerotic and poorly organized and lacks the structural integrity and strength of normal bone. This article briefly reviews the etiopathogenesis, clinical radiographic and histological features of Paget's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Sabharwal
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Bhojia Dental College and Hospital, Baddi, India
| | - Shivangi Gupta
- Department of Periodontology, DJ College of Dental Sciences and Research, Modinagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shipra Sepolia
- Himachal Dental College and Hospital, Sundernagar, India
| | - Rajat Panigrahi
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Institute of Dental Sciences, Bhubneshwar, India
| | - Saumyakanta Mohanty
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Institute of Dental Sciences, Bhubneshwar, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Subudhi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Dental Sciences, Bhubneshwar, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, MMCDSR, Ambala, India
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Teramachi J, Zhou H, Subler MA, Kitagawa Y, Galson DL, Dempster DW, Windle JJ, Kurihara N, Roodman GD. Increased IL-6 expression in osteoclasts is necessary but not sufficient for the development of Paget's disease of bone. J Bone Miner Res 2014; 29:1456-65. [PMID: 24339057 PMCID: PMC4361000 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Measles virus nucleocapsid protein (MVNP) expression in osteoclasts (OCLs) and mutation of the SQSTM1 (p62) gene contribute to the increased OCL activity in Paget's disease (PD). OCLs expressing MVNP display many of the features of PD OCLs. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) production is essential for the pagetic phenotype, because transgenic mice with MVNP targeted to OCLs develop pagetic OCLs and lesions, but this phenotype is absent when MVNP mice are bred to IL-6(-/-) mice. In contrast, mutant p62 expression in OCL precursors promotes receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) hyperresponsivity and increased OCL production, but OCLs that form have normal morphology, are not hyperresponsive to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2 D3 ), nor produce elevated levels of IL-6. We previously generated p62(P394L) knock-in mice (p62KI) and found that although OCL numbers were increased, the mice did not develop pagetic lesions. However, mice expressing both MVNP and p62KI developed more exuberant pagetic lesions than mice expressing MVNP alone. To examine the role of elevated IL-6 in PD and determine if MVNP mediates its effects primarily through elevation of IL-6, we generated transgenic mice that overexpress IL-6 driven by the tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) promoter (TIL-6 mice) and produce IL-6 at levels comparable to MVNP mice. These were crossed with p62KI mice to determine whether IL-6 overexpression cooperates with mutant p62 to produce pagetic lesions. OCL precursors from p62KI/TIL-6 mice formed greater numbers of OCLs than either p62KI or TIL-6 OCL precursors in response to 1,25-(OH)2 D3 . Histomorphometric analysis of bones from p62KI/TIL-6 mice revealed increased OCL numbers per bone surface area compared to wild-type (WT) mice. However, micro-quantitative CT (µQCT) analysis did not reveal significant differences between p62KI/TIL-6 and WT mice, and no pagetic OCLs or lesions were detected in vivo. Thus, increased IL-6 expression in OCLs from p62KI mice contributes to increased responsivity to 1,25-(OH)2 D3 and increased OCL numbers, but is not sufficient to induce Paget's-like OCLs or bone lesions in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jumpei Teramachi
- Department of Medicine, Hematology Oncology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN
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81
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Galson DL, Roodman GD. Pathobiology of Paget's Disease of Bone. J Bone Metab 2014; 21:85-98. [PMID: 25025000 PMCID: PMC4075272 DOI: 10.11005/jbm.2014.21.2.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Paget's disease of bone is characterized by highly localized areas of increased bone resorption accompanied by exuberant, but aberrant new bone formation with the primary cellular abnormality in osteoclasts. Paget's disease provides an important paradigm for understanding the molecular mechanisms regulating both osteoclast formation and osteoclast-induced osteoblast activity. Both genetic and environmental etiologies have been implicated in Paget's disease, but their relative contributions are just beginning to be defined. To date, the only gene with mutations in the coding region linked to Paget's disease is sequestosome-1 (SQSTM1), which encodes the p62 protein, and these mutations lead to elevated cytokine activation of NF-B in osteoclasts but do not induce a "pagetic osteoclast" phenotype. Further, genetic mutations linked to Paget's appear insufficient to cause Paget's disease and additional susceptibility loci or environmental factors may be required. Among the environmental factors suggested to induce Paget's disease, chronic measles (MV) infection has been the most studied. Expression of the measles virus nucleocapsid gene (MVNP) in osteoclasts induces pagetic-like osteoclasts and bone lesions in mice. Further, mice expressing both MVNP in osteoclasts and germline mutant p62 develop dramatic pagetic bone lesions that were strikingly similar to those seen in patients with Paget's disease. Thus, interactions between environmental and genetic factors appear important to the development of Paget's disease. In this article we review the mechanisms responsible for the effects of mutant p62 gene expression and MVNP on osteoclast and osteoblast activity, and how they may contribute to the development of Paget's disease of bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah L Galson
- Department of Medicine/Hematology-Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh PA, USA
| | - G David Roodman
- Department of Medicine/Hematology-Oncology, Indiana University, Indianapolis IN, USA. ; Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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82
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Gennari L, Merlotti D, Rendina D, Gianfrancesco F, Esposito T, Nuti R. Paget’s disease of bone: epidemiology, pathogenesis and pharmacotherapy. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2014. [DOI: 10.1517/21678707.2014.904225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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83
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Anami Y, Itoh T, Egawa D, Yoshimoto N, Yamamoto K. A Mixed Population of Antagonist and Agonist Binding Conformers in a Single Crystal Explains Partial Agonism against Vitamin D Receptor: Active Vitamin D Analogues with 22R-Alkyl Group. J Med Chem 2014; 57:4351-67. [DOI: 10.1021/jm500392t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuaki Anami
- Laboratory of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165 Higashi-Tamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Toshimasa Itoh
- Laboratory of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165 Higashi-Tamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Daichi Egawa
- Laboratory of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165 Higashi-Tamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Nobuko Yoshimoto
- Laboratory of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165 Higashi-Tamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Keiko Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165 Higashi-Tamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
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84
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Waterval JJ, Borra VM, Van Hul W, Stokroos RJ, Manni JJ. Sclerosing bone dysplasias with involvement of the craniofacial skeleton. Bone 2014; 60:48-67. [PMID: 24325978 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In this review we provide a complete overview of the existing sclerosing bone dysplasias with craniofacial involvement. Clinical presentation, disease course, the craniofacial symptoms, genetic transmission pattern and pathophysiology are discussed. There is an emphasis on radiologic features with a large collection of CT and MRI images. In previous reviews the craniofacial area of the sclerosing bone dysplasias was underexposed. However, craniofacial symptoms are often the first symptoms to address a physician. The embryology of the skull and skull base is explained and illustrated for a better understanding of the affected areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Waterval
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. 5800, 6202AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - V M Borra
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Prins Boudewijnlaan 43, B-2650 Edegem, Belgium.
| | - W Van Hul
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Prins Boudewijnlaan 43, B-2650 Edegem, Belgium.
| | - R J Stokroos
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. 5800, 6202AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - J J Manni
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. 5800, 6202AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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85
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Wick MR, McDermott MB, Swanson PE. Proliferative, reparative, and reactive benign bone lesions that may be confused diagnostically with true osseous neoplasms. Semin Diagn Pathol 2014; 31:66-88. [DOI: 10.1053/j.semdp.2013.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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86
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Longato L. Paget's disease population analysis within Rheumatology Outpatient of the ASL of Biella (Piedmont Region, Italy). CLINICAL CASES IN MINERAL AND BONE METABOLISM : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE ITALIAN SOCIETY OF OSTEOPOROSIS, MINERAL METABOLISM, AND SKELETAL DISEASES 2014; 11:49-58. [PMID: 25002880 PMCID: PMC4064441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The Ambulatory of Biella is the only service of Rheumatology of the Biella area. The Paget's disease is the 0.5% and appears to be representative of the territory of Biella. We evaluated the pagetics locations, disease activity and quality of life, the presence of gene mutation and frequency of comorbidities and therapeutic efficacy. Patients with active disease were treated with intravenous bisphosphonate therapy and investigated in relation to the side effects: flu-like syndrome and therapeutic efficacy by ALP and scintigraphy. 15 out of 20 patients analyzed resulted in the active disease with pain in the upper-middle pagetic location. Treatment with bisphosphonates has led to remission of disease: normalization of ALP values in 90%, documented by the scintigraphy of control. In the 86% of cases it was not necessary to make a second infusion, even 3 years after the first administration. In only two cases was carried out another infusion for the persistence of pain, despite levels of ALP prove the rule, in such cases, the scintigraphy can showed uptake of the sites involved. Bone scintigraphy is more sensitive and specific of ALP in determining disease activity and should be used in cases of doubt of retreatment. 53% of cases showed as side effect a flu-like syndrome; 6 months after infusion secondary hyperparathyroidism in 46% of cases. SQSTM1 mutation was positive in two patients originating from Veneto and Sardinia, but in no patients in Biella. The presence of two aggregations family suggesting other mutations in the Biella population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Longato
- Address for correspondence: Lorena Longato, MD, Via Castelvecchio, 29, 10090 Montalenghe (TO), Italy, Phone: +39 011 9839714, Fax: +39 011 9130701, E-mail:
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Sun Q, Sammut B, Wang FM, Kurihara N, Windle JJ, Roodman GD, Galson DL. TBK1 mediates critical effects of measles virus nucleocapsid protein (MVNP) on pagetic osteoclast formation. J Bone Miner Res 2014; 29:90-102. [PMID: 23794264 PMCID: PMC3870038 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Revised: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Paget's disease of bone (PDB) is characterized by abnormal osteoclasts with unique characteristics that include increased sensitivity of osteoclast progenitors to 1,25(OH)2 D3 , receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), and TNF-α; increased osteoclast numbers; and increased expression of IL-6 and several transcription factors. We recently reported that measles virus nucleocapsid protein (MVNP) plays a key role in the development of these abnormal osteoclasts. MVNP can induce the pagetic osteoclast phenotype in vitro and in vivo in TRAP-MVNP transgenic mice. However, the molecular mechanisms by which MVNP generates pagetic osteoclasts have not been determined. TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) and IκB kinase-ϵ (IKKϵ) are IKK family members that complex with MVNP and activate both IRF3 and NF-κB pathways. MVNP increases the amount of TBK1 protein in bone marrow monocytes (BMM). Interestingly, we found that RANKL increased TBK1 and IKKϵ early in osteoclast differentiation, suggesting a possible role in normal osteoclastogenesis. However, only TBK1 is further increased in osteoclasts formed by TRAP-MVNP BMM owing to increased TBK1 protein stability. TBK1 overexpression induced IL6 promoter reporter activity, and elevated endogenous IL6 mRNA and p65 NF-κB, TAF12, and ATF7 proteins in several cell lines. Overexpression of TBK1 was insufficient to induce pagetic osteoclasts from WT BMM but synergized with MVNP to increase pagetic osteoclast formation from TRAP-MVNP BMM. BX795 inhibition of TBK1 impaired MVNP-induced IL-6 expression in both NIH3T3 cells and BMM, and shRNA knockdown of Tbk1 in NIH3T3 cells impaired IL-6 secretion induced by MVNP and decreased TAF12 and ATF7, factors involved in 1,25(OH)2 D3 hypersensitivity of pagetic osteoclasts. Similarly, Tbk1 knockdown in BMM from TRAP-MVNP and WT mice specifically impaired development of the MVNP-induced osteoclast pagetic phenotype. These results demonstrate that TBK1 plays a critical role in mediating the effects of MVNP on osteoclast differentiation and on the expression of IL-6, a key contributor to the pagetic osteoclast phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanhong Sun
- Department of Medicine/Hematology-Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Beauregard M, Gagnon E, Guay-Bélanger S, Morissette J, Brown JP, Michou L. Identification of rare genetic variants in novel loci associated with Paget’s disease of bone. Hum Genet 2013; 133:755-68. [DOI: 10.1007/s00439-013-1409-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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89
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Beauregard M, Gagnon E, Guay-Bélanger S, Siris ES, Morissette J, Brown JP, Michou L. Genetic association study of Dickkopf-1 and sclerostin genes with paget disease of bone. Calcif Tissue Int 2013; 93:405-12. [PMID: 23836157 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-013-9762-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Increased expression of DKK1 gene was reported in pagetic osteoblasts and stromal cells, and increased serum levels of DKK1 and SOST proteins were reported in patients with Paget disease of bone (PDB). This study aimed at identifying rare genetic variants of the DKK1 and SOST genes and at testing for genetic association with PDB in the French-Canadian population. Exons, promoters, and exon-intron junctions of these genes were sequenced in patients with PDB and healthy controls. An association study of Tag SNPs of both genes was also performed in 239 pagetic patients and 297 healthy individuals. Three rare variants were identified in this study, all located in the DKK1 gene: one variant in the second exon leading to alteration in a highly conserved amino acid (p.R120L), one in the 5'-untranslated region (-50 C/A), and one in a splice site of intron 1 (IVS1 184 T/C), although none of these rare variants were associated with PDB. A genetic association of a Tag SNP of the DKK1 gene was found: the G allele of rs1569198 was significantly decreased in patients in comparison to controls (42 vs. 49 %, uncorrected P = 0.03, OR = 0.77, 95 % CI 0.61-0.98). In conclusion, this study identified three rare genetic variants in DKK1 in the French-Canadian population. In addition, a weak genetic association of a common variant of DKK1, rs1569198, which is located on a predicted new acceptor site for splicing of this gene, was observed in PDB, whereas no rare variant or genetic association was found in the SOST gene.
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90
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Abstract
Paget disease of bone (PDB) is a chronic progressive disease of the bone of uncertain etiology, characterized initially by an increase in bone resorption, followed by a disorganized and excessive formation of bone, leading to pain, fractures, and deformities. It can manifest as a monostotic or polyostotic disease. The prevalence of PDB is common in the Anglo-Saxon population, but relatively rare in India. The disease is often asymptomatic and commonly seen in an aging population. The diagnosis of the disease is mostly based on radiological examination and on biochemical markers of bone turnover. Markedly elevated serum alkaline phosphatase (SAP) is a constant feature while calcium and phosphate levels are typically within normal limits. It is being successfully treated by biphosphonates, a group of anti-resorptive drugs, thereby decreasing the morbidity and mortality associated with the disease. We report a classic case of PDB with craniofacial involvement resulting in Leontiasis Ossea (lion like face), cotton wool appearance of the skull and elevated SAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Uday Shankar
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, G. Pulla Reddy Dental College and Hospital, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, India
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91
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Development of stapled short helical peptides capable of inhibiting vitamin D receptor (VDR)–coactivator interactions. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:4292-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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92
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Sener I, Bereket C, Kosker H, Turer A, Tek M, Kaplan S. The Effects of Zoledronic Acid on Mandibular Fracture Healing in an Osteoporotic Model. J Craniofac Surg 2013; 24:1221-4. [DOI: 10.1097/scs.0b013e3182997816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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93
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Xia WF, Tang FL, Xiong L, Xiong S, Jung JU, Lee DH, Li XS, Feng X, Mei L, Xiong WC. Vps35 loss promotes hyperresorptive osteoclastogenesis and osteoporosis via sustained RANKL signaling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 200:821-37. [PMID: 23509071 PMCID: PMC3601351 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201207154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK) plays a critical role in osteoclastogenesis, an essential process for the initiation of bone remodeling to maintain healthy bone mass and structure. Although the signaling and function of RANK have been investigated extensively, much less is known about the negative regulatory mechanisms of its signaling. We demonstrate in this paper that RANK trafficking, signaling, and function are regulated by VPS35, a major component of the retromer essential for selective endosome to Golgi retrieval of membrane proteins. VPS35 loss of function altered RANK ligand (RANKL)-induced RANK distribution, enhanced RANKL sensitivity, sustained RANKL signaling, and increased hyperresorptive osteoclast (OC) formation. Hemizygous deletion of the Vps35 gene in mice promoted hyperresorptive osteoclastogenesis, decreased bone formation, and caused a subsequent osteoporotic deficit, including decreased trabecular bone volumes and reduced trabecular thickness and density in long bones. These results indicate that VPS35 critically deregulates RANK signaling, thus restraining increased formation of hyperresorptive OCs and preventing osteoporotic deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Fang Xia
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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94
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart H Ralston
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
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95
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Libicher M, Kasperk C, Daniels-Wredenhagen M, Heye T, Kauczor HU, Nawroth P, Delorme S, Hosch W. Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI for monitoring bisphosphonate therapy in Paget's disease of bone. Skeletal Radiol 2013; 42:225-30. [PMID: 22588596 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-012-1423-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2011] [Revised: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in regional bone perfusion in Paget's disease (PD) following bisphosphonate therapy. We used dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) for assessment of bone perfusion and compared MRI findings with alkaline phosphatase (AP) as a serum marker of bone turnover. MATERIALS AND METHODS We examined 20 patients (8 women, 12 men, 66 ± 11 years) with symptomatic PD of the axial skeleton. Patients were selected for infusion therapy with the bisphosphonate pamidronate. The most affected bone of lumbar spine or pelvis was examined by DCE-MRI prior to therapy and after a 6-month follow-up. The contrast uptake was evaluated using a two-compartment model with the parameters amplitude A and exchange rate constant K(ep). Color-coded parametric images were generated to visualize bone vascularization. RESULTS After a 6-month follow-up there was a significant decrease in alkaline phosphatase and in DCE-MRI parameters A and K(ep) (p < 0.0001). Patients without previous bisphosphonate treatment showed a significantly greater decrease in alkaline phosphatase and K(ep) (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION DCE-MRI shows a significant reduction in regional bone perfusion in PD following parenteral bisphosphonate treatment. Reduction in bone perfusion is greater in bisphosphonate-naïve patients than in those who had been previously treated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Libicher
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Deaconess Hospital, Schwäbisch Hall, Germany.
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96
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Mita Y, Dodo K, Noguchi-Yachide T, Hashimoto Y, Ishikawa M. Structure–activity relationship of benzodiazepine derivatives as LXXLL peptide mimetics that inhibit the interaction of vitamin D receptor with coactivators. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:993-1005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Revised: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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97
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Gianfrancesco F, Rendina D, Merlotti D, Esposito T, Amyere M, Formicola D, Muscariello R, De Filippo G, Strazzullo P, Nuti R, Vikkula M, Gennari L. Giant cell tumor occurring in familial Paget's disease of bone: report of clinical characteristics and linkage analysis of a large pedigree. J Bone Miner Res 2013; 28:341-50. [PMID: 22936311 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.1750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Revised: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Neoplastic degeneration represents a rare but serious complication of Paget's disease of bone (PDB). Although osteosarcomas have been described in up to 1% of PDB cases, giant cell tumors are less frequent and mainly occur in patients with polyostotic disease. We recently characterized a large pedigree with 14 affected members of whom four developed giant cell tumors at pagetic sites. The high number of affected subjects across multiple generations allowed us to better characterize the clinical phenotype and look for possible susceptibility loci. Of interest, all the affected members had polyostotic PDB, but subjects developing giant cell tumors showed an increased disease severity with a reduced clinical response to bisphosphonate treatment and an increased prevalence of bone pain, deformities, and fractures. Together with an increased occurrence of common pagetic complications, affected patients of this pedigree also evidenced a fivefold higher prevalence of coronary artery disease with respect to either the unaffected family members or a comparative cohort of 150 unrelated PDB cases from the same geographical area. This association was further enhanced in the four cases with PDB and giant cell tumors, all of them developing coronary artery disease before 60 years of age. Despite the early onset and the severe phenotype, PDB patients from this pedigree were negative for the presence of SQSTM1 or TNFRSF11A mutations, previously associated with enhanced disease severity. Genome-wide linkage analysis identified six possible candidate regions on chromosomes 1, 5, 6, 8, 10, and 20. Because the chromosome 8 and 10 loci were next to the TNFRSF11B and OPTN genes, we extended the genetic screening to these two genes, but we failed to identify any causative mutation at both the genomic and transcription level, suggesting that a different genetic defect is associated with PDB and potentially giant cell tumor of bone in this pedigree.
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98
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Endo M, Yoshida T, Yamamoto H, Ishii T, Setsu N, Kohashi K, Matsunobu T, Iwamoto Y, Oda Y. Low-grade central osteosarcoma arising from bone infarct. Hum Pathol 2013; 44:1184-9. [PMID: 23375641 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2012.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Revised: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Bone infarct-associated sarcoma is a rare sarcoma, accounting for less than 1% of all bone sarcomas. Its histology usually reflects a high-grade sarcoma, such as malignant fibrous histiocytoma of bone or conventional osteosarcoma. Low-grade sarcoma arising from bone infarct has not been described well in the literature. Here, we present a 17-year follow-up of a female patient with bone infarct in her right humerus, from which a low-grade central osteosarcoma developed during follow-up. A histologic diagnosis of low-grade central osteosarcoma was confirmed by immunohistochemical expression of MDM2 and CDK4. She underwent a wide resection surgery. As of 4 years after surgery, she has remained free of any evidence of recurrence or metastasis. Here, we present clinical and pathologic findings of our case in detail and discuss the differential diagnoses of this extremely rare condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Endo
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan 812-8582
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99
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Kikuta J, Wada Y, Kowada T, Wang Z, Sun-Wada GH, Nishiyama I, Mizukami S, Maiya N, Yasuda H, Kumanogoh A, Kikuchi K, Germain RN, Ishii M. Dynamic visualization of RANKL and Th17-mediated osteoclast function. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:866-73. [PMID: 23321670 DOI: 10.1172/jci65054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts are bone resorbing, multinucleate cells that differentiate from mononuclear macrophage/monocyte-lineage hematopoietic precursor cells. Although previous studies have revealed important molecular signals, how the bone resorptive functions of such cells are controlled in vivo remains less well characterized. Here, we visualized fluorescently labeled mature osteoclasts in intact mouse bone tissues using intravital multiphoton microscopy. Within this mature population, we observed cells with distinct motility behaviors and function, with the relative proportion of static - bone resorptive (R) to moving - nonresorptive (N) varying in accordance with the pathophysiological conditions of the bone. We also found that rapid application of the osteoclast-activation factor RANKL converted many N osteoclasts to R, suggesting a novel point of action in RANKL-mediated control of mature osteoclast function. Furthermore, we showed that Th17 cells, a subset of RANKL-expressing CD4+ T cells, could induce rapid N-to-R conversion of mature osteoclasts via cell-cell contact. These findings provide new insights into the activities of mature osteoclasts in situ and identify actions of RANKL-expressing Th17 cells in inflammatory bone destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Kikuta
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, WPI–Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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Involvement of kinase PKC-zeta in the p62/p62(P392L)-driven activation of NF-κB in human osteoclasts. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2012; 1832:475-84. [PMID: 23266528 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2012.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2012] [Revised: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mutations of the gene encoding sequestosome1 (SQSTM1/p62), clustering in or near the UBA domain, have been described in Paget's disease of bone (PDB); among these the P392L substitution is the most prevalent. Protein p62 mediates several cell functions, including the control of NF-κB signaling, and autophagy. This scaffolding protein interacts with atypical PKCζ in the RANKL-induced signaling complex. We have previously shown that osteoclasts (OCs) overexpressing the p62(P392L) variant were in a constitutively activated state, presenting activated kinase p-PKCζ/λ and activated NF-κB prior to RANKL stimulation. In the present study, we investigated the relationships between PKCζ and NF-κB activation in human OCs transfected with p62 variants. We showed that PKCζ and p-PKCζ/λ co-localize with p62, and that PKCζ is involved in the RANKL-induced NF-κB activation and in the RANKL-independent activation of NF-κB observed in p62(P392L)-transfected cells. We also observed a basal and RANKL-induced increase in IκBα levels in the presence of the p62(P392L) mutation that contrasted with the NF-κB activation. In this study we propose that PKCζ plays a role in the activation of NF-κB by acting as a p65 (RelA) kinase at Ser(536), independently of IκBα; this alternative pathway could be used preferentially in the presence of the p62(P392L) mutation, which may hinder the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Overall, our results highlight the importance of p62-associated PKCζ in the overactive state of pagetic OCs and in the activation of NF-κB, particularly in the presence of the p62(P392L) mutation.
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