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Thakur V, Bedogni B. The membrane tethered matrix metalloproteinase MT1-MMP at the forefront of melanoma cell invasion and metastasis. Pharmacol Res 2016; 111:17-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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52
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Cai Z, Zhao B, Deng Y, Shangguan S, Zhou F, Zhou W, Li X, Li Y, Chen G. Notch signaling in cerebrovascular diseases (Review). Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:2883-98. [PMID: 27574001 PMCID: PMC5042775 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway is a crucial regulator of numerous fundamental cellular processes. Increasing evidence suggests that Notch signaling is involved in inflammation and oxidative stress, and thus in the progress of cerebrovascular diseases. In addition, Notch signaling in cerebrovascular diseases is associated with apoptosis, angiogenesis and the function of blood-brain barrier. Despite the contradictory results obtained to date as to whether Notch signaling is harmful or beneficial, the regulation of Notch signaling may provide a novel strategy for the treatment of cerebrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyou Cai
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Yanqing Deng
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Shouqin Shangguan
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Faming Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Wenqing Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Yanfeng Li
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Guanghui Chen
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
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53
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Lee HJ, Kim MY, Park HS. Phosphorylation-dependent regulation of Notch1 signaling: the fulcrum of Notch1 signaling. BMB Rep 2016; 48:431-7. [PMID: 26058398 PMCID: PMC4576950 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2015.48.8.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling plays a pivotal role in cell fate determination, cellular development, cellular self-renewal, tumor progression, and has been linked to developmental disorders and carcinogenesis. Notch1 is activated through interactions with the ligands of neighboring cells, and acts as a transcriptional activator in the nucleus. The Notch1 intracellular domain (Notch1-IC) regulates the expression of target genes related to tumor development and progression. The Notch1 protein undergoes modification after translation by posttranslational modification enzymes. Phosphorylation modification is critical for enzymatic activation, complex formation, degradation, and subcellular localization. According to the nuclear cycle, Notch1-IC is degraded by E3 ligase, FBW7 in the nucleus via phosphorylation-dependent degradation. Here, we summarize the Notch signaling pathway, and resolve to understand the role of phosphorylation in the regulation of Notch signaling as well as to understand its relation to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jin Lee
- Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Mi-Yeon Kim
- Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Hee-Sae Park
- Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
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54
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Hsu EC, Kulp SK, Huang HL, Tu HJ, Salunke SB, Sullivan NJ, Sun D, Wicha MS, Shapiro CL, Chen CS. Function of Integrin-Linked Kinase in Modulating the Stemness of IL-6-Abundant Breast Cancer Cells by Regulating γ-Secretase-Mediated Notch1 Activation in Caveolae. Neoplasia 2016; 17:497-508. [PMID: 26152358 PMCID: PMC4719004 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Notch signaling are important regulators of breast cancer stem cells (CSCs), which drive the malignant phenotype through self-renewal, differentiation, and development of therapeutic resistance. We investigated the role of integrin-linked kinase (ILK) in regulating IL-6–driven Notch1 activation and the ability to target breast CSCs through ILK inhibition. Ectopic expression/short hairpin RNA-mediated knockdown of ILK, pharmacological inhibition of ILK with the small molecule T315, Western blot analysis, immunofluorescence, and luciferase reporter assays were used to evaluate the regulation of IL-6–driven Notch1 activation by ILK in IL-6–producing triple-negative breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231, SUM-159) and in MCF-7 and MCF-7IL-6 cells. The effects of ILK on γ-secretase complex assembly and cellular localization were determined by immunofluorescence, Western blots of membrane fractions, and immunoprecipitation. In vivo effects of T315-induced ILK inhibition on CSCs in SUM-159 xenograft models were assessed by mammosphere assays, flow cytometry, and tumorigenicity assays. Results show that the genetic knockdown or pharmacological inhibition of ILK suppressed Notch1 activation and the abundance of the γ-secretase components presenilin-1, nicastrin, and presenilin enhancer 2 at the posttranscriptional level via inhibition of caveolin-1-dependent membrane assembly of the γ-secretase complex. Accordingly, knockdown of ILK inhibited breast CSC-like properties in vitro and the breast CSC subpopulation in vivo in xenograft tumor models. Based on these findings, we propose a novel function of ILK in regulating γ-secretase–mediated Notch1 activation, which suggests the targeting of ILK as a therapeutic approach to suppress IL-6–induced breast CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- En-Chi Hsu
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Samuel K Kulp
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Han-Li Huang
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Huang-Ju Tu
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Santosh B Salunke
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Nicholas J Sullivan
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Duxin Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Max S Wicha
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Charles L Shapiro
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ching-Shih Chen
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA; Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
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55
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Zhu G, Yi X, Haferkamp S, Hesbacher S, Li C, Goebeler M, Gao T, Houben R, Schrama D. Combination with γ-secretase inhibitor prolongs treatment efficacy of BRAF inhibitor in BRAF-mutated melanoma cells. Cancer Lett 2016; 376:43-52. [PMID: 27000992 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Oncogenic triggering of the MAPK pathway in melanocytes results in senescence, and senescence escape is considered as one critical step for melanocytic transformation. In melanoma, induction of a senescent-like state by BRAF-inhibitors (BRAFi) in a fraction of treated cells - instead of killing - contributes to the repression of tumor growth, but may also provide a source for relapse. Here, we demonstrate that NOTCH activation in melanocytes is not only growth-promoting but it also protects these cells against oncogene-induced senescence. In turn, treatment of melanoma cells with an inhibitor of the NOTCH-activating enzyme γ-secretase led to induction of a senescent-like status in a fraction of the cells but overall achieved only a moderate inhibition of melanoma cell growth. However, combination of γ-secretase inhibitor (GSI) with BRAFi markedly increased the treatment efficacy particularly in long-term culture. Moreover, even melanoma cells starting to regrow after continuous BRAFi treatment - the major problem of BRAFi therapy in patients - can still be affected by the combination treatment. Thus, combining GSI with BRAFi increases the therapeutic efficacy by, at least partially, prolonging the senescent-like state of treated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guannan Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Xiuli Yi
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | | | - Sonja Hesbacher
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Chunying Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Matthias Goebeler
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tianwen Gao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Roland Houben
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - David Schrama
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
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56
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Yahyanejad S, Theys J, Vooijs M. Targeting Notch to overcome radiation resistance. Oncotarget 2016; 7:7610-28. [PMID: 26713603 PMCID: PMC4884942 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy represents an important therapeutic strategy in the treatment of cancer cells. However, it often fails to eliminate all tumor cells because of the intrinsic or acquired treatment resistance, which is the most common cause of tumor recurrence. Emerging evidences suggest that the Notch signaling pathway is an important pathway mediating radiation resistance in tumor cells. Successful targeting of Notch signaling requires a thorough understanding of Notch regulation and the context-dependent interactions between Notch and other therapeutically relevant pathways. Understanding these interactions will increase our ability to design rational combination regimens that are more likely to be safe and effective. Here we summarize the role of Notch in mediating resistance to radiotherapy, the different strategies to block Notch in cancer cells and how treatment scheduling can improve tumor response. Finally, we discuss a need for reliable Notch related biomarkers in specific tumors to measure pathway activity and to allow identification of a subset of patients who are likely to benefit from Notch targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Yahyanejad
- Department of Radiotherapy (MAASTRO)/GROW, School for Developmental Biology and Oncology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Theys
- Department of Radiotherapy (MAASTRO)/GROW, School for Developmental Biology and Oncology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marc Vooijs
- Department of Radiotherapy (MAASTRO)/GROW, School for Developmental Biology and Oncology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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57
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Bonyadi Rad E, Hammerlindl H, Wels C, Popper U, Ravindran Menon D, Breiteneder H, Kitzwoegerer M, Hafner C, Herlyn M, Bergler H, Schaider H. Notch4 Signaling Induces a Mesenchymal-Epithelial-like Transition in Melanoma Cells to Suppress Malignant Behaviors. Cancer Res 2016; 76:1690-7. [PMID: 26801977 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-1722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The effects of Notch signaling are context-dependent and both oncogenic and tumor-suppressive functions have been described. Notch signaling in melanoma is considered oncogenic, but clinical trials testing Notch inhibition in this malignancy have not proved successful. Here, we report that expression of the constitutively active intracellular domain of Notch4 (N4ICD) in melanoma cells triggered a switch from a mesenchymal-like parental phenotype to an epithelial-like phenotype. The epithelial-like morphology was accompanied by strongly reduced invasive, migratory, and proliferative properties concomitant with the downregulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers Snail2 (SNAI2), Twist1, vimentin (VIM), and MMP2 and the reexpression of E-cadherin (CDH1). The N4ICD-induced phenotypic switch also resulted in significantly reduced tumor growth in vivo Immunohistochemical analysis of primary human melanomas and cutaneous metastases revealed a significant correlation between Notch4 and E-cadherin expression. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that N4ICD induced the expression of the transcription factors Hey1 and Hey2, which bound directly to the promoter regions of Snail2 and Twist1 and repressed gene transcription, as determined by EMSA and luciferase assays. Taken together, our findings indicate a role for Notch4 as a tumor suppressor in melanoma, uncovering a potential explanation for the poor clinical efficacy of Notch inhibitors observed in this setting. Cancer Res; 76(7); 1690-7. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Bonyadi Rad
- Cancer Biology Unit, Department of Dermatology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria. Department of Orthopedics and Orthopedic Surgery, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria. Center for Medical Research (ZMF), Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Heinz Hammerlindl
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, University of Graz, Graz, Austria. Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland, School of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Christian Wels
- Cancer Biology Unit, Department of Dermatology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria. Center for Medical Research (ZMF), Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ulrich Popper
- Cancer Biology Unit, Department of Dermatology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria. Center for Medical Research (ZMF), Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Dinoop Ravindran Menon
- Cancer Biology Unit, Department of Dermatology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria. Center for Medical Research (ZMF), Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria. Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland, School of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Heimo Breiteneder
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology & Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Melitta Kitzwoegerer
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital St. Poelten, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, St. Poelten, Austria
| | - Christine Hafner
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology & Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. Department of Dermatology, University Hospital St. Poelten, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, St. Poelten, Austria
| | | | - Helmut Bergler
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Helmut Schaider
- Cancer Biology Unit, Department of Dermatology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria. Center for Medical Research (ZMF), Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria. Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland, School of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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58
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Synchronized Targeting of Notch and ERBB Signaling Suppresses Melanoma Tumor Growth through Inhibition of Notch1 and ERBB3. J Invest Dermatol 2015; 136:464-472. [PMID: 26967479 PMCID: PMC4789778 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite significant advances in melanoma therapy, melanoma remains the deadliest form of skin cancer, with a 5-year survival rate of only 15%. Thus, novel treatments are required to address this disease. Notch and ERBB are evolutionarily conserved signaling cascades required for the maintenance of melanocyte precursors. We show that active Notch1 (Notch1(NIC)) and active (phosphorylated) ERBB3 and ERBB2 correlate significantly and are similarly expressed in both mutated and wild-type BRAF melanomas, suggesting these receptors are co-reactivated in melanoma to promote survival. Whereas blocking either pathway triggers modest effects, combining a ?-secretase inhibitor to block Notch activation and a tyrosine kinase inhibitor to inhibit ERBB3/2 elicits synergistic effects, reducing cell viability by 90% and hampering melanoma tumor growth. Specific inhibition of Notch1 and ERBB3 mimics these results, suggesting these are the critical factors triggering melanoma tumor expansion. Notch and ERBB inhibition blunts AKT and NF?B signaling. Constitutive expression of NF?B partially rescues cell death. Blockade of both Notch and ERBB signaling inhibits the slow cycling JARID1B-positive cell population, which is critical for long-term maintenance of melanoma growth. We propose that blocking these pathways is an effective approach to treatment of melanoma patients regardless of whether they carry mutated or wild-type BRAF.
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59
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Qiu H, Tang X, Ma J, Shaverdashvili K, Zhang K, Bedogni B. Notch1 Autoactivation via Transcriptional Regulation of Furin, Which Sustains Notch1 Signaling by Processing Notch1-Activating Proteases ADAM10 and Membrane Type 1 Matrix Metalloproteinase. Mol Cell Biol 2015; 35:3622-32. [PMID: 26283728 PMCID: PMC4589600 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00116-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Notch1 is an evolutionarily conserved transmembrane receptor involved in melanoma growth. Notch1 is first cleaved by furin in the Golgi apparatus to produce the biologically active heterodimer. Following ligand binding, Notch1 is cleaved at the cell membrane by proteases such as ADAM10 and -17 and membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP), the latter of which we recently identified as a novel protease involved in Notch1 processing. The final cleavage is γ-secretase dependent and releases the active Notch intracellular domain (NIC). We now demonstrate that Notch1 directly regulates furin expression. Aside from activating Notch1, furin cleaves and activates several proteases, including MT1-MMP, ADAM10, and ADAM17. By chromatin immunoprecipitation and a reporter assay, we demonstrate that Notch1 binds at position -1236 of the furin promoter and drives furin expression. The Notch1-dependent enhancement of furin expression increases the activities of MT1-MMP and ADAM10 but not that of ADAM17, as demonstrated by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) knockdown of furin, and promotes the cleavage of Notch1 itself. These data highlight a novel positive-feedback loop whereby Notch1-dependent furin expression can induce Notch1 signaling by increasing Notch1 processing and by potentiating the activity of the proteases responsible for Notch1 activation. This leads to Notch1 signal amplification, which can promote melanoma tumor growth and progression, as demonstrated by the inhibition of cell migration and invasion upon furin inhibition downstream of Notch1. Disruption of such feedback signaling might represent an avenue for the treatment of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Qiu
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Xiaoying Tang
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Khvaramze Shaverdashvili
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Keman Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Barbara Bedogni
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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60
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DAI MENGYUAN, FANG FANG, ZOU YOU, YI XING, DING YONGJUN, CHEN CHEN, TAO ZEZHANG, CHEN SHIMING. Downregulation of Notch1 induces apoptosis and inhibits cell proliferation and metastasis in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:3111-9. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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61
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Namiki T, Yaguchi T, Nakamura K, Valencia JC, Coelho SG, Yin L, Kawaguchi M, Vieira WD, Kaneko Y, Tanemura A, Katayama I, Yokozeki H, Kawakami Y, Hearing VJ. NUAK2 Amplification Coupled with PTEN Deficiency Promotes Melanoma Development via CDK Activation. Cancer Res 2015; 75:2708-15. [PMID: 25832654 PMCID: PMC4490056 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-3209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The AMPK-related kinase NUAK2 has been implicated in melanoma growth and survival outcomes, but its therapeutic utility has yet to be confirmed. In this study, we show how its genetic amplification in PTEN-deficient melanomas may rationalize the use of CDK2 inhibitors as a therapeutic strategy. Analysis of array-CGH data revealed that PTEN deficiency is coupled tightly with genomic amplification encompassing the NUAK2 locus, a finding strengthened by immunohistochemical evidence that phospho-Akt overexpression was correlated with NUAK2 expression in clinical specimens of acral melanoma. Functional studies in melanoma cells showed that inactivation of the PI3K pathway upregulated p21 expression and reduced the number of cells in S phase. NUAK2 silencing and inactivation of the PI3K pathway efficiently controlled CDK2 expression, whereas CDK2 inactivation specifically abrogated the growth of NUAK2-amplified and PTEN-deficient melanoma cells. Immunohistochemical analyses confirmed an association of CDK2 expression with NUAK2 amplification and p-Akt expression in melanomas. Finally, pharmacologic inhibition of CDK2 was sufficient to suppress the growth of NUAK2-amplified and PTEN-deficient melanoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Overall, our results show how CDK2 blockade may offer a promising therapy for genetically defined melanomas, where NUAK2 is amplified and PTEN is deleted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Namiki
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. Division of Cellular Signaling, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. Department of Dermatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomonori Yaguchi
- Division of Cellular Signaling, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenta Nakamura
- Division of Cellular Signaling, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. Department of Dermatology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto-shi, Nagano, Japan
| | - Julio C Valencia
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sergio G Coelho
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lanlan Yin
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Masakazu Kawaguchi
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Wilfred D Vieira
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yasuhiko Kaneko
- Research Institute for Clinical Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center, Kitaadachi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tanemura
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita-shi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ichiro Katayama
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita-shi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroo Yokozeki
- Department of Dermatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kawakami
- Division of Cellular Signaling, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Vincent J Hearing
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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62
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TIAN QUAN, XUE YAN, ZHENG WEI, SUN RONG, JI WEI, WANG XINYANG, AN RUIFANG. Overexpression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α induces migration and invasion through Notch signaling. Int J Oncol 2015; 47:728-38. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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63
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Fukunaga-Kalabis M, Hristova DM, Wang JX, Li L, Heppt MV, Wei Z, Gyurdieva A, Webster MR, Oka M, Weeraratna AT, Herlyn M. UV-Induced Wnt7a in the Human Skin Microenvironment Specifies the Fate of Neural Crest-Like Cells via Suppression of Notch. J Invest Dermatol 2015; 135:1521-1532. [PMID: 25705850 PMCID: PMC4430391 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2015.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Multipotent stem cells with neural crest-like properties have been identified in the dermis of human skin. These neural crest stem cell (NCSC)-like cells display self-renewal capacity and differentiate into neural crest derivatives, including epidermal pigment-producing melanocytes. NCSC-like cells share many properties with aggressive melanoma cells, such as high migratory capabilities and expression of the neural crest markers. However, little is known about which intrinsic or extrinsic signals determine the proliferation or differentiation of these neural crest-like stem cells. Here we show that, in NCSC-like cells, Notch signaling is highly activated, similar to melanoma cells. Inhibition of Notch signaling reduced the proliferation of NCSC-like cells, induced cell death, and downregulated noncanonical Wnt5a, suggesting that the Notch pathway contributes to the maintenance and motility of these stem cells. In three-dimensional skin reconstructs, canonical Wnt signaling promoted the differentiation of NCSC-like cells into melanocytes. This differentiation was triggered by the endogenous Notch inhibitor Numb, which is upregulated in the stem cells by Wnt7a derived from UV-irradiated keratinocytes. Together, these data reveal a cross talk between the two conserved developmental pathways in postnatal human skin, and highlight the role of the skin microenvironment in specifying the fate of stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuho Fukunaga-Kalabis
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Denitsa M Hristova
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Joshua X Wang
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ling Li
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Markus V Heppt
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Zhi Wei
- Department of Computer Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Alexandra Gyurdieva
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Marie R Webster
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Masahiro Oka
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ashani T Weeraratna
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Meenhard Herlyn
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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WANG XING, ZHANG JUAN, ZHOU LIANG, SUN WEI, ZHENG ZHIGANG, LU PENG, GAO YUAN, YANG XISHENG, ZHANG ZHUOCHAO, TAO KAISHAN, DOU KEFENG. Fbxw7 regulates hepatocellular carcinoma migration and invasion via Notch1 signaling pathway. Int J Oncol 2015; 47:231-43. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.2981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Previs RA, Coleman RL, Harris AL, Sood AK. Molecular pathways: translational and therapeutic implications of the Notch signaling pathway in cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 21:955-61. [PMID: 25388163 PMCID: PMC4333206 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-0809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Over 100 years have passed since the first observation of the notched wing phenotype in Drosophila melanogaster, and significant progress has been made to characterize the role of the Notch receptor, its ligands, downstream targets, and cross-talk with other signaling pathways. The canonical Notch pathway with four Notch receptors (Notch1-4) and five ligands (DLL1, 3-4, Jagged 1-2) is an evolutionarily conserved cell signaling pathway that plays critical roles in cell-fate determination, differentiation, development, tissue patterning, cell proliferation, and death. In cancer, these roles have a critical impact on tumor behavior and response to therapy. Because the role of Notch remains tissue and context dependent, alterations within this pathway may lead to tumor suppressive or oncogenic phenotypes. Although no FDA-approved therapies currently exist for the Notch pathway, multiple therapeutics (e.g., demcizumab, tarextumab, GSI MK-0752, R04929097, and PF63084014) have been developed to target different aspects of this pathway for both hematologic and solid malignancies. Understanding the context-specific effects of the Notch pathway will be important for individualized therapies targeting this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Previs
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Robert L Coleman
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Adrian L Harris
- The Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Anil K Sood
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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Lee SM, Moon J, Redman BG, Chidiac T, Flaherty LE, Zha Y, Othus M, Ribas A, Sondak VK, Gajewski TF, Margolin KA. Phase 2 study of RO4929097, a gamma-secretase inhibitor, in metastatic melanoma: SWOG 0933. Cancer 2015; 121:432-440. [PMID: 25250858 PMCID: PMC4304973 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.29055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 07/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant Notch activation confers a proliferative advantage to many human tumors, including melanoma. This phase 2 trial assessed the antitumor activity of RO4929097, a gamma-secretase inhibitor of Notch signaling, with respect to the progression-free and overall survival of patients with advanced melanoma. METHODS Chemotherapy-naive patients with metastatic melanoma of cutaneous or unknown origin were treated orally with RO4929097 at a dose of 20 mg daily 3 consecutive days per week. A 2-step accrual design was used with an interim analysis of the first 32 patients and with continuation of enrollment if 4 or more of the 32 patients responded. RESULTS Thirty-six patients from 23 institutions were enrolled; 32 patients were evaluable. RO4929097 was well tolerated, and most toxicities were grade 1 or 2. The most common toxicities were nausea (53%), fatigue (41%), and anemia (22%). There was 1 confirmed partial response lasting 7 months, and there were 8 patients with stable disease lasting at least through week 12, with 1 of these continuing for 31 months. The 6-month progression-free survival rate was 9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 2%-22%), and the 1-year overall survival rate was 50% (95% CI, 32%-66%). Peripheral blood T-cell assays showed no significant inhibition of the production of interleukin-2, a surrogate pharmacodynamic marker of Notch inhibition, and this suggested that the drug levels were insufficient to achieve Notch target inhibition. CONCLUSIONS RO4929097 showed minimal clinical activity against metastatic melanoma in this phase 2 trial, possibly because of inadequate exposure to therapeutic drug levels. Although Notch inhibition remains a compelling target in melanoma, the results do not support further investigation of RO4929097 with this dose and schedule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia M. Lee
- Seattle Cancer Care Alliance/University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kim A. Margolin
- Seattle Cancer Care Alliance/University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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67
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Detrimental effects of Notch1 signaling activated by cadmium in renal proximal tubular epithelial cells. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1378. [PMID: 25118938 PMCID: PMC4454314 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We examined the roles of Notch1 signaling and its cross-talk with other signaling pathways, including p53 and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt, in cadmium-induced cellular damage in HK-2 human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells. Following exposure to cadmium chloride (CdCl2), the level of Notch intracellular domain (NICD), the cleaved form of the Notch1 receptor, was increased and accumulated in the nuclear fraction. Knockdown of Notch1 with siRNA or treatment with the γ-secretase inhibitor, DAPT (N-[N-(3,5-difluorophenacetyl-L-alanyl)]-S-phenylglycine t-butyl ester), prevented CdCl2-induced morphological change of HK-2 cells and reduction of cell viability. Knockdown of Jagged1 or Jagged2, the ligands of the Notch1 receptor, partially suppressed cadmium cytotoxicity. Inhibition of p53 activity with pifithrin-α or inhibition of PI3K with LY294002 suppressed CdCl2-induced cellular damage and elevation of Notch1-NICD. In addition, treatment with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor, AG1478, and the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor inhibitor, PPP, suppressed both Notch1-NICD accumulation and Akt phosphorylation in HK-2 cells exposed to CdCl2. However, knockdown of Notch1 did not affect CdCl2-induced p53 accumulation and phosphorylation but suppressed phosphorylation of EGFR, Akt, and p70 S6 kinase. Depletion of Notch1 suppressed CdCl2-induced reduction of E-cadherin expression and elevation of Snail expression. Furthermore, treatment with SB216763, an inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase-3, suppressed the potency of LY294002 treatment to reduce Snail expression in HK-2 cells exposed to CdCl2. Knockdown of Snail with siRNA partially prevented HK-2 cells from CdCl2-induced reduction of E-cadherin expression and cellular damage. These results suggest that cadmium exposure induces the activation of Notch1 signaling in renal proximal tubular cells with cooperative activation by the p53 and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways; the resultant expression of Snail, a repressor of E-cadherin expression, might lead to cellular damage by decreasing cell-cell adhesion.
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Developmental pathways activated in melanocytes and melanoma. Arch Biochem Biophys 2014; 563:13-21. [PMID: 25109840 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2014.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous malignant melanomas originate primarily within epidermal melanocytic cells. Melanoma cells share many characteristics with melanocyte precursors, suggesting that melanoma cells utilize the developmental programs of their normal counterpart for their own progression. The pigmentation system provides an advantageous model to assess survival pathway interactions in the melanocytic lineage, as genetic alterations controlling melanocyte development can be easily detectable by coat color phenotype that do not affect the viability of an animal. By integrating combinatorial gene knockout approaches, cell-based assays and immunohistochemical observations, recent studies have illustrated several genes and pathways that play important roles both in melanocyte specification and maintenance and in melanoma formation and progression. We are reviewing those genes and pathways to understand the connection between normal and cancerous development and to reveal therapeutic potential of targeting developmental pathways for melanoma therapy.
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69
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Moriyama H, Moriyama M, Isshi H, Ishihara S, Okura H, Ichinose A, Ozawa T, Matsuyama A, Hayakawa T. Role of notch signaling in the maintenance of human mesenchymal stem cells under hypoxic conditions. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 23:2211-24. [PMID: 24878247 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human adipose tissue-derived multilineage progenitor cells (hADMPCs) are attractive for cell therapy and tissue engineering because of their multipotency and ease of isolation without serial ethical issues. However, their limited in vitro lifespan in culture systems hinders their therapeutic application. Some somatic stem cells, including hADMPCs, are known to be localized in hypoxic regions; thus, hypoxia may be beneficial for ex vivo culture of these stem cells. These cells exhibit a high level of glycolytic metabolism in the presence of high oxygen levels and further increase their glycolysis rate under hypoxia. However, the physiological role of glycolytic activation and its regulatory mechanisms are still incompletely understood. Here, we show that Notch signaling is required for glycolysis regulation under hypoxic conditions. Our results demonstrate that 5% O2 dramatically increased the glycolysis rate, improved the proliferation efficiency, prevented senescence, and maintained the multipotency of hADMPCs. Intriguingly, these effects were not mediated by hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), but rather by the Notch signaling pathway. Five percent O2 significantly increased the level of activated Notch1 and expression of its downstream gene, HES1. Furthermore, 5% O2 markedly increased glucose consumption and lactate production of hADMPCs, which decreased back to normoxic levels on treatment with a γ-secretase inhibitor. We also found that HES1 was involved in induction of GLUT3, TPI, and PGK1 in addition to reduction of TIGAR and SCO2 expression. These results clearly suggest that Notch signaling regulates glycolysis under hypoxic conditions and, thus, likely affects the cell lifespan via glycolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Moriyama
- 1 Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kinki University , Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, Japan
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70
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The proteins DLK1 and DLK2 modulate NOTCH1-dependent proliferation and oncogenic potential of human SK-MEL-2 melanoma cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1843:2674-84. [PMID: 25093684 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
NOTCH receptors regulate cell proliferation and survival in several types of cancer cells. Depending on the cellular context, NOTCH1 can function as an oncogene or as a tumor suppressor gene. DLK1 is also involved in the regulation of cell growth and cancer, but nothing is known about the role of DLK2 in these processes. Recently, the proteins DLK1 and DLK2 have been reported to interact with NOTCH1 and to inhibit NOTCH1 activation and signaling in different cell lines. In this work, we focused on the role of DLK proteins in the control of melanoma cell growth, where NOTCH1 is known to exert an oncogenic effect. We found that human DLK proteins inhibit NOTCH signaling in SK-MEL-2 metastatic melanoma cells. Moreover, the proliferation rate of these cells was dependent upon the level of NOTCH activation and signaling as regulated by DLK proteins. In particular, high levels of NOTCH inhibition resulted in a decrease, whereas lower levels of NOTCH inhibition led to an increase in melanoma cell proliferation rates, both in vitro and in vivo. Finally, our data revealed additive NOTCH-mediated effects of DLK proteins and the γ-secretase inhibitor DAPT on cell proliferation. The data presented in this work suggest that a fine regulation of NOTCH signaling plays an important role in the control of metastatic melanoma cell proliferation. Our results open the way to new research on the role of DLK proteins as potential therapeutic tools for the treatment of human melanoma.
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71
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Liu L, Chen X, Wang Y, Qu Z, Lu Q, Zhao J, Yan X, Zhang H, Zhou Y. Notch3 is important for TGF-β-induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition in non-small cell lung cancer bone metastasis by regulating ZEB-1. Cancer Gene Ther 2014; 21:364-72. [DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2014.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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72
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Murtas D, Piras F, Minerba L, Maxia C, Ferreli C, Demurtas P, Lai S, Mura E, Corrias M, Sirigu P, Perra MT. Activated Notch1 expression is associated with angiogenesis in cutaneous melanoma. Clin Exp Med 2014; 15:351-60. [PMID: 25034654 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-014-0300-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
An early event in melanocytic tumor growth is the upregulation of Notch signaling. When an active form of Notch1 is overexpressed in primary human melanocytes, it increases cell growth, survival and invasive properties, promoting melanoma progression. Recent evidence suggested that tumor initiation and growth are driven by a subset of tumor-initiating cells termed cancer stem cells. Notch1 plays a predominant role in the maintenance of melanoblasts, including melanocyte stem cells, by preventing initiation of apoptosis. Moreover, the importance of Notch1 in the regulation of tumor angiogenesis is supported by growing evidence in various cancers. Nestin has been widely used as a marker for melanocyte stem cells as well as an angiogenic marker to evaluate neovascularity of endothelial cells in tumors. To gain an insight into the impact of Notch1 activation on the maintenance of melanocyte stem cells and angiogenesis in melanoma, the expression levels of activated Notch1 and nestin were analyzed by immunohistochemistry in 114 primary cutaneous melanomas and 35 lymph node metastases. Activated Notch1 and nestin expression was also evaluated in four dysplastic melanocytic nevi. This study provides evidence that activated Notch1 is overexpressed in cutaneous melanoma, in tumor cells as well as in microvessel endothelium, and that it can promote tumor angiogenesis. Indeed, the overexpression of activated Notch1 in both tumor and vascular endothelial cells was significantly associated with microvascular density in melanoma samples. Thus, activated Notch1 inhibitors may provide a therapeutic strategy in the treatment of melanoma by blocking tumor-associated vascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Murtas
- Section of Cytomorphology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, S.S. 554, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy,
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Wael H, Yoshida R, Kudoh S, Hasegawa K, Niimori-Kita K, Ito T. Notch1 signaling controls cell proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation in lung carcinoma. Lung Cancer 2014; 85:131-40. [PMID: 24888228 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The role of Notch signaling in human lung cancer still remains unclear, and there has been and stills a debate, on the extent to which Notch ligands and receptors are involved in lung cancer development. This study was carried out to investigate the role of Notch1 signaling in the proliferation and differentiation of human lung cancer cells. METHODS We used small interfering RNA (siRNA) technology to down-regulate the expression of Notch1 in small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) cells; H69AR and SBC-3, as well as in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cells; A549 adenocarcinoma (ADC) and H2170 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Also, we transfected venus Notch1 intracellular domain (v.NICD) plasmid into the human SCLC line H69 and H1688. In addition, H1688 cells with activated Notch1 were injected into immune-compromised Rag2(-/-) Jak3(-/-) mice for analysis of ex vivo tumor growth and differentiation phenotype. RESULTS Notch1 controls cell proliferation and apoptosis in both SCLC and A549; but not in H2170 cell line. Overexpression of Notch1 in SCLC markedly decreased cell proliferation via apoptosis. The subcutaneous tumors arising from xenotransplaned SCLC cells transfected with Notch1 showed "epithelial-like glandular" arrangement, with positive Alcian blue staining and reduction in neuroendocrine markers. CONCLUSION Notch1 up regulation has an inhibitory effect on cell growth and NE differentiation in SCLC, with induction of an epithelial-like morphology of cells in tissue samples. In NSCLC, Notch1 expression has a tumor inhibitory effect on ADC cells, but not SCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Wael
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Kumamoto University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Japan; Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Egypt
| | - Ryoji Yoshida
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kumamoto University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Japan
| | - Shinji Kudoh
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Kumamoto University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Japan
| | - Kohki Hasegawa
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Kumamoto University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Japan
| | - Kanako Niimori-Kita
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Kumamoto University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Japan
| | - Takaaki Ito
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Kumamoto University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Japan.
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74
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Brooks YS, Ostano P, Jo SH, Dai J, Getsios S, Dziunycz P, Hofbauer GFL, Cerveny K, Chiorino G, Lefort K, Dotto GP. Multifactorial ERβ and NOTCH1 control of squamous differentiation and cancer. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:2260-76. [PMID: 24743148 DOI: 10.1172/jci72718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Downmodulation or loss-of-function mutations of the gene encoding NOTCH1 are associated with dysfunctional squamous cell differentiation and development of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in skin and internal organs. While NOTCH1 receptor activation has been well characterized, little is known about how NOTCH1 gene transcription is regulated. Using bioinformatics and functional screening approaches, we identified several regulators of the NOTCH1 gene in keratinocytes, with the transcription factors DLX5 and EGR3 and estrogen receptor β (ERβ) directly controlling its expression in differentiation. DLX5 and ERG3 are required for RNA polymerase II (PolII) recruitment to the NOTCH1 locus, while ERβ controls NOTCH1 transcription through RNA PolII pause release. Expression of several identified NOTCH1 regulators, including ERβ, is frequently compromised in skin, head and neck, and lung SCCs and SCC-derived cell lines. Furthermore, a keratinocyte ERβ-dependent program of gene expression is subverted in SCCs from various body sites, and there are consistent differences in mutation and gene-expression signatures of head and neck and lung SCCs in female versus male patients. Experimentally increased ERβ expression or treatment with ERβ agonists inhibited proliferation of SCC cells and promoted NOTCH1 expression and squamous differentiation both in vitro and in mouse xenotransplants. Our data identify a link between transcriptional control of NOTCH1 expression and the estrogen response in keratinocytes, with implications for differentiation therapy of squamous cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Estrogen Receptor beta/genetics
- Estrogen Receptor beta/metabolism
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genetic Loci
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/genetics
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/metabolism
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/pathology
- Heterografts
- Humans
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- RNA Polymerase II/genetics
- RNA Polymerase II/metabolism
- Receptor, Notch1/biosynthesis
- Receptor, Notch1/genetics
- Transcription, Genetic/genetics
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75
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Zhang JP, Li N, Bai WZ, Qiu XC, Ma BA, Zhou Y, Fan QY, Shan LQ. Notch ligand Delta-like 1 promotes the metastasis of melanoma by enhancing tumor adhesion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 47:299-306. [PMID: 24714813 PMCID: PMC4075293 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20143368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Notch signaling plays a vital role in tumorigenicity and tumor progression by
regulating proliferation, invasion, and the tumor microenvironment. Previous research
by our group indicated that Notch ligand Delta-like 1 (Dll1) is involved in
angiogenesis in melanoma, and we noticed that it took a longer time to trypsinize
Dll1-expressing B16 melanoma cells than the control cells. In this article, we
extended our study to investigate the effects of Dll1 on tumor cell adhesion and
metastasis. Dll1 overexpression activated Notch signaling in B16 tumor cells and
significantly enhanced the adhering capacity of B16 tumor cells both in
vitro and in vivo. B16-Dll1 cells also had a higher
metastatic potential than their counterpart in the mouse model of lung metastasis.
Along with increased Dll1 expression, N-cadherin, but not E-cadherin, was upregulated
in B16-Dll1 cells. These data suggested that Notch ligand Dll1 may enhance the
adhesion and metastasis of melanoma cells by upregulation of N-cadherin.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - N Li
- Department of Oncology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - W Z Bai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - X C Qiu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - B A Ma
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Y Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Q Y Fan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - L Q Shan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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76
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Gamma-secretase inhibition attenuates oxaliplatin-induced apoptosis through increased Mcl-1 and/or Bcl-xL in human colon cancer cells. Apoptosis 2014; 18:1163-74. [PMID: 23887890 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-013-0883-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway plays a significant role in differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and stem cell processes. It is essential for maintenance of the normal colon crypt and has been implicated in colorectal cancer oncogenesis. Downregulation of the Notch pathway through gamma-secretase inhibitors (GSIs) has been shown to induce apoptosis and enhance response to chemotherapy in a variety of malignancies. In this study, we analyzed the effect of MRK-003 (Merck), a potent inhibitor of gamma-secretase, on oxaliplatin-induced apoptosis in colon cancer. Unexpectedly, gamma-secretase inhibition reduced oxaliplatin-induced apoptosis while GSI treatment alone was shown to have no effect on growth or apoptosis. We determined that the underlying mechanism of action involved an increase in protein levels of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members Mcl-1 and/or Bcl-xL which resulted in reduced Bax and Bak activation. Blocking of Mcl-1 and/or Bcl-xL through siRNA or the small molecule inhibitor obatoclax restored the apoptotic potential of cells treated with both oxaliplatin and MRK-003. Moreover, obatoclax synergized with MRK-003 alone to induce apoptosis. Our findings warrant caution when treating colon cancer with the combination of GSIs and chemotherapy, whereas other drug combinations, such as GSIs plus obatoclax, should be explored.
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77
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Ntziachristos P, Lim JS, Sage J, Aifantis I. From fly wings to targeted cancer therapies: a centennial for notch signaling. Cancer Cell 2014; 25:318-34. [PMID: 24651013 PMCID: PMC4040351 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2014.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Since Notch phenotypes in Drosophila melanogaster were first identified 100 years ago, Notch signaling has been extensively characterized as a regulator of cell-fate decisions in a variety of organisms and tissues. However, in the past 20 years, accumulating evidence has linked alterations in the Notch pathway to tumorigenesis. In this review, we discuss the protumorigenic and tumor-suppressive functions of Notch signaling, and dissect the molecular mechanisms that underlie these functions in hematopoietic cancers and solid tumors. Finally, we link these mechanisms and observations to possible therapeutic strategies targeting the Notch pathway in human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Ntziachristos
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; NYU Cancer Institute and Helen L. and Martin S. Kimmel Center for Stem Cell Biology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jing Shan Lim
- Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Julien Sage
- Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Iannis Aifantis
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; NYU Cancer Institute and Helen L. and Martin S. Kimmel Center for Stem Cell Biology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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78
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Nissimov JN, Das Chaudhuri AB. Hair curvature: a natural dialectic and review. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2014; 89:723-66. [PMID: 24617997 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Although hair forms (straight, curly, wavy, etc.) are present in apparently infinite variations, each fibre can be reduced to a finite sequence of tandem segments of just three types: straight, bent/curly, or twisted. Hair forms can thus be regarded as resulting from genetic pathways that induce, reverse or modulate these basic curvature modes. However, physical interconversions between twists and curls demonstrate that strict one-to-one correspondences between them and their genetic causes do not exist. Current hair-curvature theories do not distinguish between bending and twisting mechanisms. We here introduce a multiple papillary centres (MPC) model which is particularly suitable to explain twisting. The model combines previously known features of hair cross-sectional morphology with partially/completely separated dermal papillae within single follicles, and requires such papillae to induce differential growth rates of hair cortical material in their immediate neighbourhoods. The MPC model can further help to explain other, poorly understood, aspects of hair growth and morphology. Separate bending and twisting mechanisms would be preferentially affected at the major or minor ellipsoidal sides of fibres, respectively, and together they exhaust the possibilities for influencing hair-form phenotypes. As such they suggest dialectic for hair-curvature development. We define a natural-dialectic (ND) which could take advantage of speculative aspects of dialectic, but would verify its input data and results by experimental methods. We use this as a top-down approach to first define routes by which hair bending or twisting may be brought about and then review evidence in support of such routes. In particular we consider the wingless (Wnt) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways as paradigm pathways for molecular hair bending and twisting mechanisms, respectively. In addition to the Wnt canonical pathway, the Wnt/Ca(2+) and planar cell polarity (PCP) pathways, and others, can explain many alternatives and specific variations of hair bending phenotypes. Mechanisms for hair papilla budding or its division by bisection or fission can explain MPC formation. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal (EMT) and mesenchymal-to-epithelial (MET) transitions, acting in collaboration with epithelial-mesenchymal communications are also considered as mechanisms affecting hair growth and its bending and twisting. These may be treated as sub-mechanisms of an overall development from neural-crest stem cell (NCSC) lineages to differentiated hair follicle (HF) cell types, thus providing a unified framework for hair growth and development.
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79
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Yu Y, Zhang Y, Guan W, Huang T, Kang J, Sheng X, Qi J. Androgen receptor promotes the oncogenic function of overexpressed Jagged1 in prostate cancer by enhancing cyclin B1 expression via Akt phosphorylation. Mol Cancer Res 2014; 12:830-42. [PMID: 24574517 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-13-0545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The Jagged1, a Notch signaling pathway ligand, had been shown to have a positive correlation with prostate cancer development. Our study for Jagged1 expression in 218 prostate cancer tissue samples also supports this conclusion. However, the detailed molecular mechanism of Jagged1 in promoting the progression of prostate cancer is still unclear. Through cell proliferation examination, androgen receptor (AR) was found to promote the oncogenic function of Jagged1 to enhance the cell proliferation rate by comparing four prostate cancer cell lines, LNCaP, LAPC4, DU145, and PC3, which was further validated through analyzing the survival of 118 patients treated with androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) with different expression levels of Jagged1 and AR. More importantly, our data showed that Jagged1 combined with AR could increase the phosphorylation level of Akt and, in turn, phosphorylated Akt plays an important role in regulating the expression level of cyclin B1 by interacting with AR and increasing the transcriptional activity of AR. These data indicate that prostate cancer progression regulated by Jagged1 can be dramatically enhanced by combining with AR through promoting Akt activity. IMPLICATIONS This study could benefit our clinical treatments for patients with prostate cancer with overexpressed Jagged1 by targeting AR and Akt.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wenbin Guan
- Pathology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Urology
| | - Jian Kang
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Urology
| | - Xujun Sheng
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Urology
| | - Jun Qi
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Urology,
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80
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Ma J, Tang X, Wong P, Jacobs B, Borden EC, Bedogni B. Noncanonical activation of Notch1 protein by membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) controls melanoma cell proliferation. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:8442-9. [PMID: 24492617 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.516039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Notch1 is an evolutionarily conserved signaling molecule required for stem cell maintenance that is inappropriately reactivated in several cancers. We have previously shown that melanomas reactivate Notch1 and require its function for growth and survival. However, no Notch1-activating mutations have been observed in melanoma, suggesting the involvement of other activating mechanisms. Notch1 activation requires two cleavage steps: first by a protease and then by γ-secretase, which releases the active intracellular domain (Notch1(NIC)). Interestingly, although ADAM10 and -17 are generally accepted as the proteases responsible of Notch1 cleavage, here we show that MT1-MMP, a membrane-tethered matrix metalloproteinase involved in the pathogenesis of a number of tumors, is a novel protease required for the cleavage of Notch1 in melanoma cells. We find that active Notch1 and MT1-MMP expression correlate significantly in over 70% of melanoma tumors and 80% of melanoma cell lines, whereas such correlation does not exist between Notch1(NIC) and ADAM10 or -17. Modulation of MT1-MMP expression in melanoma cells affects Notch1 cleavage, whereas MT1-MMP expression in ADAM10/17 double knock-out fibroblasts restores the processing of Notch1, indicating that MT1-MMP is sufficient to promote Notch1 activation independently of the canonical proteases. Importantly, we find that MT1-MMP interacts with Notch1 at the cell membrane, supporting a potential direct cleavage mechanism of MT1-MMP on Notch1, and that MT1-MMP-dependent activation of Notch1 sustains melanoma cell growth. Together, the data highlight a novel mechanism of activation of Notch1 in melanoma cells and identify Notch1 as a new MT1-MMP substrate that plays important biological roles in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ma
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106 and
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81
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Shaverdashvili K, Wong P, Ma J, Zhang K, Osman I, Bedogni B. MT1-MMP modulates melanoma cell dissemination and metastasis through activation of MMP2 and RAC1. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2014; 27:287-96. [PMID: 24387669 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic melanoma remains the deadliest of all skin cancers with a survival rate at five years of less than 15%. MT1-MMP is a membrane-associated matrix metalloproteinase that controls pericellular proteolysis and is an important, invasion-promoting, pro-tumorigenic MMP in cancer. We show that deregulation of MT1-MMP expression happens as early as the transition from nevus to primary melanoma and continues to increase during melanoma progression. Furthermore, MT1-MMP expression is associated with poor melanoma patient outcome, underscoring a pivotal role of MT1-MMP in melanoma pathogenesis. We demonstrate that MT1-MMP is directly required for melanoma cells to metastasize, as cells deprived of MT1-MMP fail to form distant metastasis in an orthotopic mouse melanoma model. We show that MT1-MMP affects cell invasion by activating its target MMP2. Importantly, we demonstrate, for the first time, that activation of MMP2 by MT1-MMP is required to sustain RAC1 activity and promote MT1-MMP-dependent cell motility. These data highlight a novel MT1-MMP/MMP2/RAC1 signaling axis in melanoma that may represent an intriguing molecular target for the treatment of invasive melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khvaramze Shaverdashvili
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
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82
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Sun W, Gaykalova DA, Ochs MF, Mambo E, Arnaoutakis D, Liu Y, Loyo M, Agrawal N, Howard J, Li R, Ahn S, Fertig E, Sidransky D, Houghton J, Buddavarapu K, Sanford T, Choudhary A, Darden W, Adai A, Latham G, Bishop J, Sharma R, Westra WH, Hennessey P, Chung CH, Califano JA. Activation of the NOTCH pathway in head and neck cancer. Cancer Res 2013; 74:1091-104. [PMID: 24351288 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-1259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
NOTCH1 mutations have been reported to occur in 10% to 15% of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). To determine the significance of these mutations, we embarked upon a comprehensive study of NOTCH signaling in a cohort of 44 HNSCC tumors and 25 normal mucosal samples through a set of expression, copy number, methylation, and mutation analyses. Copy number increases were identified in NOTCH pathway genes, including the NOTCH ligand JAG1. Gene set analysis defined a differential expression of the NOTCH signaling pathway in HNSCC relative to normal tissues. Analysis of individual pathway-related genes revealed overexpression of ligands JAG1 and JAG2 and receptor NOTCH3. In 32% of the HNSCC examined, activation of the downstream NOTCH effectors HES1/HEY1 was documented. Notably, exomic sequencing identified 5 novel inactivating NOTCH1 mutations in 4 of the 37 tumors analyzed, with none of these tumors exhibiting HES1/HEY1 overexpression. Our results revealed a bimodal pattern of NOTCH pathway alterations in HNSCC, with a smaller subset exhibiting inactivating NOTCH1 receptor mutations but a larger subset exhibiting other NOTCH1 pathway alterations, including increases in expression or gene copy number of the receptor or ligands as well as downstream pathway activation. Our results imply that therapies that target the NOTCH pathway may be more widely suitable for HNSCC treatment than appreciated currently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyue Sun
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Oncology and Health Science Informatics, Surgery, Oncology, and Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions; Milton J. Dance Head and Neck Center, Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland; and Asuragen Inc., Austin, Texas
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83
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Bedogni B. Notch signaling in melanoma: interacting pathways and stromal influences that enhance Notch targeting. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2013; 27:162-8. [PMID: 24330305 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway is an evolutionarily conserved, intercellular signaling cascade. Notch was first described in the early 1900s when a mutant Drosophila showed notches on the wing margins. Studies of the role of Notch signaling have ever since flourished, and the pleiotropic nature of the Notch gene is now evident. Indeed, the Notch signaling pathway plays key roles in cell fate decisions, tissue patterning, and morphogenesis during development. However, deregulation of this pathway can contribute to cell transformation and tumorigenesis. Several reports have now highlighted the role of Notch signaling in a variety of malignancies where Notch can either be an oncogene or a tumor suppressor depending on the cell context. Here, we summarize the major components of Notch signaling with an aim to emphasize the contribution of deregulated Notch signaling in melanomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Bedogni
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
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84
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Dual Pten/Tp53 suppression promotes sarcoma progression by activating Notch signaling. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2013; 182:2015-27. [PMID: 23708211 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2012] [Revised: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Soft tissue sarcomas are a heterogeneous group of tumors associated with poor clinical outcome. Although a subset of soft tissue sarcomas is characterized by simple karyotypes and recurrent chromosomal translocations, the mechanisms driving cytogenetically complex sarcomas are largely unknown. Clinical evidence led us to partially inactivate Pten and Tp53 in the smooth muscle lineage of mice, which developed high-grade undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcomas, leiomyosarcomas, and carcinosarcomas that widely recapitulate the human disease, including the aberrant karyotype and metastatic behavior. Pten was found haploinsufficient, whereas the wild-type allele of Tp53 invariably gained point mutations. Gene expression profiles showed up-regulated Notch signaling in Pten(Δ/+)Tp53(Δ/+) tumors compared with Pten(+/+)Tp53(Δ/+) tumors. Consistently, Pten silencing exacerbated the clonogenic and invasive potential of Tp53-deficient bone marrow-derived mouse mesenchymal stem cells and tumor cells and activated the Notch pathway. Moreover, the increased oncogenic behavior of Pten(Δ/+)Tp53(Δ/+) and shPten-transduced Pten(+/+)Tp53(Δ/+) tumor cells was counteracted by treatment with a γ-secretase inhibitor, suggesting that the aggressiveness of those tumors can be attributed, at least in part, to enhanced Notch signaling. This study demonstrates a cooperative role for Pten and Tp53 suppression in complex karyotype sarcomas while establishing Notch as an important functional player in the cross talk of these pathways during tumor progression. Our results highlight the importance of molecularly subclassifying patients with high-grade sarcoma for targeted treatments.
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85
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Zhou W, Wang G, Guo S. Regulation of angiogenesis via Notch signaling in breast cancer and cancer stem cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2013; 1836:304-20. [PMID: 24183943 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer angiogenesis is elicited and regulated by a number of factors including the Notch signaling. Notch receptors and ligands are expressed in breast cancer cells as well as in the stromal compartment and have been implicated in carcinogenesis. Signals exchanged between neighboring cells through the Notch pathway can amplify and consolidate molecular differences, which eventually dictate cell fates. Notch signaling and its crosstalk with many signaling pathways play an important role in breast cancer cell growth, migration, invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis, as well as cancer stem cell (CSC) self-renewal. Therefore, significant attention has been paid in recent years toward the development of clinically useful antagonists of Notch signaling. Better understanding of the structure, function and regulation of Notch intracellular signaling pathways, as well as its complex crosstalk with other oncogenic signals in breast cancer cells will be essential to ensure rational design and application of new combinatory therapeutic strategies. Novel opportunities have emerged from the discovery of Notch crosstalk with inflammatory and angiogenic cytokines and their links to CSCs. Combinatory treatments with drugs designed to prevent Notch oncogenic signal crosstalk may be advantageous over λ secretase inhibitors (GSIs) alone. In this review, we focus on the more recent advancements in our knowledge of aberrant Notch signaling contributing to breast cancer angiogenesis, as well as its crosstalk with other factors contributing to angiogenesis and CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Microecology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Medical College, No. 146 North Huanghe St, Huanggu Dis, Shenyang City, Liaoning Pro 110034, PR China.
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86
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Zhou W, Fu XQ, Zhang LL, Zhang J, Huang X, Lu XH, Shen L, Liu BN, Liu J, Luo HS, Yu JP, Yu HG. The AKT1/NF-kappaB/Notch1/PTEN axis has an important role in chemoresistance of gastric cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e847. [PMID: 24113181 PMCID: PMC3824684 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Revised: 08/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The inherent resistance of tumors to DNA damage often limits the efficacy of chemotherapy. The aim of this work is to explore the potential mechanism for development of chemoresistance in gastric cancer. Our data revealed that AKT1 mRNA and protein expression were induced by doxorubicin (a chemotherapeutic agent); the doxorubicin-induced AKT1 expression and activation increased the binding of NF-kappaB on Notch1 DNA promoter and then promoted the Notch1 transcription and expression; enhanced expression of Notch1 further upregulated PTEN expression through CBF-1 binding to PTEN DNA promoter; and inhibition of AKT1 expression and activity sensitized the gastric cancer cell to doxorubicin treatment in cultured gastric cancer cell lines and xenograft nude mice gastric cancer model. Furthermore, our data demonstrated that both Notch1 and PTEN were absent or minimally expressed in gastric cancer tissue but abundant in paired normal gastric mucosa, and the expression of Notch1 correlated with that of PTEN. Together, these novel results suggested that a novel AKT1/NF-kappaB/Notch1/PTEN axis has an important role in the development of chemoresistance in gastric cancer. Notch1 has an anti-cancer role in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Zhou
- 1] Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan Univeristy, 430060 Wuhan, China [2] Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Wuhan, 43000 Wuhan, China
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87
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Drukker L, Margulis A, Chaouat M, Levitzki R, Maiorenko E, Ben Bassat H. Changes of PI3K/AKT/BCL2 signaling proteins in congenital Giant Nevi: melanocytes contribute to their increased survival and integrity. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2013; 33:359-66. [PMID: 24069951 DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2013.838785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Congenital Giant Nevi (CGN) are rare melanocytic lesions with the potential to regress into malignant melanoma. Simultaneous up-regulation and cooperative interactions of signaling pathways are crucial events in the pathogenesis of melanocytes. Our study aimed to identify changes in the expression and activation of proteins controlling survival and/or apoptosis of the key signaling pathways PI3K/AKT/BCL2 and Wnt/β-catenin of CGN melanocytes. We applied a model of cultured melanocytes from paired CGN and normal appearing skin, and Western blot (WB) analyzed the expression and activation profile of survival and anti-apoptotic proteins of these signaling pathways, growth pattern, cell cycle and apoptosis. WB analysis demonstrated a significant higher expression level of activated AKT and of BCL2 proteins in the CGN melanocytes compared with paired melanocytes from normal appearing skin. A relative increase in the level of GSK3 and FOXO1 proteins, down stream targets of AKT, as well as of pβ-catenin was also detected in the CGN melanocytes compared with the controls. These changes were not affected by growth of the CGN melanocytes in reduced serum (starvation). Both cell populations shared a similar growth pattern, with no significant differences in the proportion of apoptotic cells and in cell cycle fractions. These data demonstrate for the first time, changes in signaling proteins of cultured CGN melanocytes. Further, suggesting that the changes in AKT/BCL2 signaling molecules might mediate growth and anti-apoptosis processes at least in part, thus increasing the survival potential of CGN melanocytes and maintaining their integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lior Drukker
- Israel National Skin Bank-Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and
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88
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AZIZ MONOWAR, ISHIHARA SHUNJI, ANSARY MESBAHUDDIN, SONOYAMA HIROKI, TADA YASUMASA, OKA AKIHIKO, KUSUNOKI RYUSAKU, TAMAGAWA YUJI, FUKUBA NOBUHIKO, MISHIMA YOSHIYUKI, MISHIRO TSUYOSHI, OSHIMA NAOKI, MORIYAMA ICHIRO, ISHIMURA NORIHISA, SATO SHUICHI, YUKI TAKAFUMI, KAWASHIMA KOUSAKU, KINOSHITA YOSHIKAZU. Crosstalk between TLR5 and Notch1 signaling in epithelial cells during intestinal inflammation. Int J Mol Med 2013; 32:1051-62. [PMID: 24048326 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2013.1501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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89
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Ishida T, Hijioka H, Kume K, Miyawaki A, Nakamura N. Notch signaling induces EMT in OSCC cell lines in a hypoxic environment. Oncol Lett 2013; 6:1201-1206. [PMID: 24179495 PMCID: PMC3813785 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2013.1549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an early step in the acquisition of invasiveness by malignant tumors. It has been clarified that the tumor microenvironment affects malignancy in a number of different carcinomas, in particular, that a hypoxic environment induces EMT. Activation of Notch signaling induces EMT, but it remains unclear how the Notch pathway is involved in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) under hypoxia. Three OSCC cell lines were cultured for examination under hypoxic (1% O2) and normoxic (21% O2) conditions. Expression of E-cadherin was investigated as a hallmark of EMT by immunohistochemical examination. Cell motility and invasion were examined by wound-healing and invasion assays, respectively. The expression of Notch pathway molecules was analyzed by qPCR. Hypoxia increased the mRNA expression of Notch receptors, ligands and target genes, and Snail. Hypoxia decreased the expression of E-cadherin, and increased the motility and invasiveness of OSCC cell lines. γ-secretase inhibitor, a Notch-specific inhibitor, prevented these effects caused by h-ypoxia. These findings suggest that hypoxia induces EMT in OSCC cell lines via activation of Notch signaling, and inhibition of the Notch signaling pathway to suppress EMT may be a useful approach for the treatment of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Ishida
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
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90
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Shimanovsky A, Jethava A, Dasanu CA. Immune alterations in malignant melanoma and current immunotherapy concepts. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2013; 13:1413-27. [PMID: 23930800 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2013.827658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Malignant melanoma is a highly aggressive, immunogenic tumor that has the ability to modulate the immune system to its own advantage. Patients with melanoma present numerous cellular immune defects and cytokine abnormalities, all leading to suppression of the host anti-tumor immune response. Innovative treatment strategies can be achieved through employing our knowledge of the melanoma-induced immune alterations. AREAS COVERED The authors review comprehensively the immune abnormalities in individuals with melanoma, and provide a summary of currently available melanoma immunotherapy agents that are currently on the market or undergoing clinical trials. EXPERT OPINION Ipilimumab, a monoclonal antibody directed against the CTLA-4, is one of the current forefront treatment strategies in malignant melanoma. Novel immunomodulating agents have shown clear activity in patients with malignant melanoma. These include anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-1 ligand antibodies that may soon become important items in the anti-melanoma armamentarium. Combinations of different immunotherapy agents, between themselves or with other agents, are currently being studied in an attempt to further enhance the antineoplastic effect in patients with malignant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei Shimanovsky
- University of Connecticut Health Science Center, Department of Medicine , Farmington, 21 Temple Street # 501, Hartford, CT 06103 , USA
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91
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Abstract
Notch signaling is an evolutionarily conserved cell signaling pathway involved in cell fate during development, stem cell renewal and differentiation in postnatal tissues. Roles for Notch in carcinogenesis, in the biology of cancer stem cells and tumor angiogenesis have been reported. These features identify Notch as a potential therapeutic target in oncology. Based on the molecular structure of Notch receptor, Notch ligands and Notch activators, a set of Notch pathway inhibitors have been developed. Most of these inhibitors had shown anti-tumor effects in preclinical studies. At the same time, the combinatorial effect of these inhibitors with current chemotherapeutical drugs is still under study in different clinical trials. In this review, we describe the basics of Notch signaling and the role of Notch in normal and cancer stem cells as a logic way to develop different Notch inhibitors and their current stage of progress for cancer patient's treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Espinoza
- University of Mississippi, Cancer Institute, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Lucio Miele
- University of Mississippi, Cancer Institute, Jackson, Mississippi
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92
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Howard JD, Moriarty WF, Park J, Riedy K, Panova IP, Chung CH, Suh KY, Levchenko A, Alani RM. Notch signaling mediates melanoma-endothelial cell communication and melanoma cell migration. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2013; 26:697-707. [DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Katherine Riedy
- Department of Dermatology; Boston University School of Medicine; Boston; MA; USA
| | - Izabela P. Panova
- Department of Dermatology; Boston University School of Medicine; Boston; MA; USA
| | | | - Kahp-Yang Suh
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; Seoul National University; Seoul; South Korea
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93
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Yu SD, Liu FY, Wang QR. Notch inhibitor: a promising carcinoma radiosensitizer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 13:5345-51. [PMID: 23317182 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.11.5345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is an important part of modern cancer management for many malignancies, and enhancing the radiosensitivity of tumor cells is critical for effective cancer therapies. The Notch signaling pathway plays a key role in regulation of numerous fundamental cellular processes. Further, there is accumulating evidence that dysregulated Notch activity is involved in the genesis of many human cancers. As such, Notch inhibitors are attractive therapeutic agents, although as for other anticancer agents, they exhibit significant and potential side effects. Thus, Notch inhibitors may be best used in combination with other agents or therapy. Herein, we describe evidence supporting the use of Notch inhibitors as novel and potent radiosensitizers in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Dong Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong, China.
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94
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Díaz B, Yuen A, Iizuka S, Higashiyama S, Courtneidge SA. Notch increases the shedding of HB-EGF by ADAM12 to potentiate invadopodia formation in hypoxia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 201:279-92. [PMID: 23589494 PMCID: PMC3628517 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201209151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia increases the levels of ADAM12 in a Notch-dependent manner, leading to increased ectodomain shedding of HB-EGF and subsequent promotion of invadopodia formation. Notch regulates cell–cell contact-dependent signaling and is activated by hypoxia, a microenvironmental condition that promotes cellular invasion during both normal physiology and disease. The mechanisms by which hypoxia and Notch regulate cellular invasion are not fully elucidated. In this paper, we show that, in cancer cells, hypoxia increased the levels and activity of the ADAM12 metalloprotease in a Notch signaling–dependent manner, leading to increased ectodomain shedding of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) ligand heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor. Released HB-EGF induced the formation of invadopodia, cellular structures that aid cancer cell invasion. Thus, we describe a signaling pathway that couples cell contact–dependent signaling with the paracrine activation of the EGFR, indicating cross talk between the Notch and EGFR pathways in promoting cancer cell invasion. This signaling pathway might regulate the coordinated acquisition of invasiveness by neighboring cells and mediate the communication between normoxic and hypoxic areas of tumors to facilitate cancer cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Díaz
- Cancer Center, Tumor Microenvironment Program, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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95
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Abstract
The notch signalling pathway is involved in differentiation, proliferation, angiogenesis, vascular remodelling, and apoptosis. Deregulated expression of notch receptors, ligands, and targets is observed in many solid tumours, including prostate cancer. Hypoxia is a common feature of prostate tumours, leading to increased gene instability, reduced treatment response, and increased tumour aggressiveness. The notch signalling pathway is known to regulate vascular cell fate and is responsive to hypoxia-inducible factors. Evidence to date suggests similar, therapeutically exploitable, behaviour of notch-activated and hypoxic prostate cancer cells.
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96
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Lin CH, Lee HT, Lee SD, Lee W, Cho CWC, Lin SZ, Wang HJ, Okano H, Su CY, Yu YL, Hsu CY, Shyu WC. Role of HIF-1α-activated Epac1 on HSC-mediated neuroplasticity in stroke model. Neurobiol Dis 2013; 58:76-91. [PMID: 23702312 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2013.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Exchange protein activated by cAMP-1 (Epac1) plays an important role in cell proliferation, cell survival and neuronal signaling, and activation of Epac1 in endothelial progenitor cells increases their homing to ischemic muscles and promotes neovascularization in a model of hind limb ischemia. Moreover, upregulation of Epac1 occurs during organ development and in diseases such as myocardial hypertrophy, diabetes, and Alzheimer's disease. We report here that hypoxia upregulated Epac1 through HIF-1α induction in the CD34-immunosorted human umbilical cord blood hematopoietic stem cells (hUCB(34)). Importantly, implantation of hUCB(34) subjected to hypoxia-preconditioning (HP-hUCB(34)) improved stroke outcome, more than did implantation of untreated hUCB(34), in rodents subjected to cerebral ischemia, and this required Epac1-to-matrix metalloprotease (MMP) signaling. This improved therapeutic efficacy correlated with better engraftment and differentiation of these cells in the ischemic host brain. In addition, more than did implantation of untreated HP-hUCB(34), implantation of HP-hUCB(34) improved cerebral blood flow into the ischemic brain via induction of angiogenesis, facilitated proliferation/recruitment of endogenous neural progenitor cells in the ischemic brain, and promoted neurite outgrowth following cerebral ischemia. Consistent with our proposed role of Epac1-to-MMP signaling in hypoxia-preconditioning, the above mentioned effects of implanting HP-hUCB(34) could be abolished by pharmacological inhibition and genetic disruption/deletion of Epac1 or MMPs. We have discovered a HIF-1α-to-Epac1-to-MMP signaling pathway that is required for the improved therapeutic efficacy resulting from hypoxia preconditioning of hUCB(34) in vitro prior to their implantation into the host brain in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Huan Lin
- Department of Neurology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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97
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Portanova P, Notaro A, Pellerito O, Sabella S, Giuliano M, Calvaruso G. Notch inhibition restores TRAIL-mediated apoptosis via AP1-dependent upregulation of DR4 and DR5 TRAIL receptors in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2013; 43:121-30. [PMID: 23686163 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.1945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch is a family of transmembrane receptors whose activation through proteolytic cleavage by γ-secretase targets genes which participate in cell development, differentiation and tumorigenesis. Notch signaling is constitutively activated in various cancers, including breast cancer and its upregulation is usually related with poor clinical outcomes. Therefore, targeting Notch signaling with γ-secretase inhibitors (GSIs) is considered a promising strategy for cancer treatment. We report that the γ-secretase inhibitor-I (GSI-I) sensitizes human breast cancer cells to apoptosis mediated by tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). The antiproliferative GSI-I/TRAIL synergism was stronger in ER-negative MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells compared with ER-positive MCF-7 cells. In MDA-MB-231 cells, GSI-I treatment induced upregulation of DR4 and DR5 TRAIL receptors. This effect seemed to be related to the activation of the transcription factor AP1 that was a consequence of Notch inhibition, as demonstrated by Notch-1 silencing experiments. Combined treatment induced loss of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential and activation of caspases. GSI-I alone and/or GSI-I/TRAIL combination also induced a significant decrease in the levels of some survival factors (survivin, c-IAP-2, Bcl-xL, BimEL and pAKT) and upregulation of pro-apoptotic factors BimL, BimS and Noxa, enhancing the cytotoxic potential of the two drugs. Taken together, these results indicate for the first time that GSI-I/TRAIL combination could represent a novel and potentially effective tool for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Portanova
- Dipartimento di Medicina traslazionale, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
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98
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Kilic-Eren M, Boylu T, Tabor V. Targeting PI3K/Akt represses Hypoxia inducible factor-1α activation and sensitizes Rhabdomyosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma cells for apoptosis. Cancer Cell Int 2013; 13:36. [PMID: 23590596 PMCID: PMC3637483 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2867-13-36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypoxia inducible factor-1 α (HIF-1α) has been identified as an important novel target in apoptosis resistance of pediatric tumors such as Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) and Ewing’s sarcoma (ES). Evidence suggests that PI3K/Akt signaling plays a role in regulation of HIF-1α activation as well as apoptosis resistance in various adult tumors. However the relevance of PI3K/Akt signaling in HIF-1bα activation and apoptosis resistance in childhood tumors has not been addressed yet. Thus, this study was to investigate whether PI3K/Akt signaling is involved in hypoxia induced activation of HIF-1α as well as in resistance to hypoxia-induced apoptosis in childhood tumors such as RMS and ES. Methods Constitutive activation of PI3K/Akt signaling was analyzed by Western blotting. Hypoxic activation of HIF-1α was determined by Western Blot analysis and electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Apoptosis was determined by flow cytometric analysis of the propidium iodine stained nuclei of cells treated with PI3K inhibitor LY294002 in combination with either TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) or doxorubicin. Results This study demonstrated that PI3K/Akt signaling was constitutively activated in RMS and ES cell lines, A204 and A673, respectively. Targeting PI3K/Akt signaling by the inhibitor LY294002 (30 μM) significantly decreased the protein expression as well as DNA binding activity of HIF-1α and restored the apoptosis-inducing ability of cells in hypoxia Additionally, pretreatment with LY294002 sensitized A204 and A673 cells to TRAIL or doxorubicin induced apoptosis under hypoxia. Conclusion These results suggest that the constitutively active PI3K/Akt signaling contributes to hypoxic activation of HIF-1α as well as HIF1α-mediated apoptosis resistance in RMS and ES cells under hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehtap Kilic-Eren
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
| | - Tulin Boylu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
| | - Vedrana Tabor
- Present address: Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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99
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Notch pathway is activated by MAPK signaling and influences papillary thyroid cancer proliferation. Transl Oncol 2013; 6:197-205. [PMID: 23544172 DOI: 10.1593/tlo.12442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Revised: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutually exclusive genetic alterations in the RET, RAS, or BRAF genes, which result in constitutively active mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, are present in about 70% of papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs). However, the effect of MAPK activation on other signaling pathways involved in oncogenic transformation, such as Notch, remains unclear. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the MAPK pathway regulates Notch signaling and that Notch signaling plays a role in PTC cell proliferation. Conditional induction of MAPK signaling oncogenes RET/PTC3 or BRAF(T1799A) in normal rat thyroid cell line mediated activation of Notch signaling, upregulating Notch1 receptor and Hes1, the downstream effector of Notch pathway. Conversely, pharmacological inhibition of MAPK reduced Notch signaling in PTC cell. Thyroid tumor samples from transgenic mice expressing BRAF(T1799A) and primary human PTC samples showed high levels of Notch1 expression. Down-regulation of Notch signaling by γ-secretase inhibitor (GSI) or NOTCH1 RNA interference reduces PTC cell proliferation. Moreover, the combination of GSI with a MAPK inhibitor enhanced the growth suppression in PTC cells. This study revealed that RET/PTC and BRAF(T1799A) activate Notch signaling and promote tumor growth in thyroid follicular cell. Taken together, these data suggest that Notch signaling may be explored as an adjuvant therapy for thyroid papillary cancer.
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100
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Finger EC, Cheng CF, Williams TR, Rankin EB, Bedogni B, Tachiki L, Spong S, Giaccia AJ, Powell MB. CTGF is a therapeutic target for metastatic melanoma. Oncogene 2013; 33:1093-100. [PMID: 23435419 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Revised: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic melanoma remains a devastating disease with a 5-year survival rate of less than five percent. Despite recent advances in targeted therapies for melanoma, only a small percentage of melanoma patients experience durable remissions. Therefore, it is critical to identify new therapies for the treatment of advanced melanoma. Here, we define connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) as a therapeutic target for metastatic melanoma. Clinically, CTGF expression correlates with tumor progression and is strongly induced by hypoxia through HIF-1 and HIF-2-dependent mechanisms. Genetic inhibition of CTGF in human melanoma cells is sufficient to significantly reduce orthotopic tumor growth, as well as metastatic tumor growth in the lung of severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. Mechanistically, inhibition of CTGF decreased invasion and migration associated with reduced matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression. Most importantly, the anti-CTGF antibody, FG-3019, had a profound inhibitory effect on the progression of established metastatic melanoma. These results offer the first preclinical validation of anti-CTGF therapy for the treatment of advanced melanoma and underscore the importance of tumor hypoxia in melanoma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- E C Finger
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - C-F Cheng
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - T R Williams
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - E B Rankin
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - B Bedogni
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - L Tachiki
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - S Spong
- FibroGen Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - A J Giaccia
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - M B Powell
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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