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Wu B, Yang S, Sun H, Sun T, Ji F, Wang Y, Xu L, Zhou D. Keap1 Inhibits Metastatic Properties of NSCLC Cells by Stabilizing Architectures of F-Actin and Focal Adhesions. Mol Cancer Res 2018; 16:508-516. [PMID: 29330291 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-17-0544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Low expression of the tumor suppressor Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) often results in higher malignant biological behavior and poor prognosis; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The present study demonstrates that overexpression of Keap1 significantly suppresses migration and invasion of three different lung cancer cells (A549, H460, and H1299). Highly expressed Keap1, compared with the control, promotes formation of multiple stress fibers with larger mature focal adhesion complexes in the cytoplasm where only fine focal adhesions were observed in the membrane under control conditions. RhoA activity significantly increased when Keap1 was overexpressed, whereas Myosin 9b expression was reduced but could be rescued by proteasome inhibition. Noticeably, mouse tumor xenografts with Keap1 overexpression were smaller in size and less metastatic relative to the control group. Taken together, these results demonstrate that Keap1 stabilizes F-actin cytoskeleton structures and inhibits focal adhesion turnover, thereby restraining the migration and invasion of NSCLC. Therefore, increasing Keap1 or targeting its downstream molecules might provide potential therapeutic benefits for the treatment of patients with NSCLC.Implications: This study provides mechanistic insight on the metastatic process in NSCLC and suggests that Keap1 and its downstream molecules may be valuable drug targets for NSCLC patients. Mol Cancer Res; 16(3); 508-16. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Beijing, P. R. China
- Cancer Institute of Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Shu Yang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Beijing, P. R. China
- Cancer Institute of Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Haimei Sun
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Beijing, P. R. China
- Cancer Institute of Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Tingyi Sun
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Beijing, P. R. China
- Cancer Institute of Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Fengqing Ji
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Beijing, P. R. China
- Cancer Institute of Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yurong Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Lie Xu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Deshan Zhou
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Beijing, P. R. China
- Cancer Institute of Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
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Tumelty KE, Higginson-Scott N, Fan X, Bajaj P, Knowlton KM, Shamashkin M, Coyle AJ, Lu W, Berasi SP. Identification of direct negative cross-talk between the SLIT2 and bone morphogenetic protein-Gremlin signaling pathways. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:3039-3055. [PMID: 29317497 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.804021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Slit guidance ligand 2 (SLIT2) is a large, secreted protein that binds roundabout (ROBO) receptors on multiple cell types, including neurons and kidney podocytes. SLIT2-ROBO-mediated signaling regulates neuronal migration and ureteric bud (UB) outgrowth during kidney development as well as glomerular filtration in adult kidneys. Additionally, SLIT2 binds Gremlin, an antagonist of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), and BMP-Gremlin signaling also regulates UB formation. However, direct cross-talk between the ROBO2-SLIT2 and BMP-Gremlin signaling pathways has not been established. Here, we report the discovery of negative feedback between the SLIT2 and BMP-Gremlin signaling pathways. We found that the SLIT2-Gremlin interaction inhibited both SLIT2-ROBO2 signaling in neurons and Gremlin antagonism of BMP activity in myoblasts and fibroblasts. Furthermore, BMP2 down-regulated SLIT2 expression and promoter activity through canonical BMP signaling. Gremlin treatment, BMP receptor inhibition, and SMAD family member 4 (SMAD4) knockdown rescued BMP-mediated repression of SLIT2. BMP2 treatment of nephron progenitor cells derived from human embryonic stem cells decreased SLIT2 expression, further suggesting an interaction between the BMP2-Gremlin and SLIT2 pathways in human kidney cells. In conclusion, our study has revealed direct negative cross-talk between two pathways, previously thought to be unassociated, that may regulate both kidney development and adult tissue maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen E Tumelty
- From the Centers for Therapeutic Innovation, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Nathan Higginson-Scott
- From the Centers for Therapeutic Innovation, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Xueping Fan
- the Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, and
| | - Piyush Bajaj
- the Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340
| | - Kelly M Knowlton
- From the Centers for Therapeutic Innovation, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Michael Shamashkin
- From the Centers for Therapeutic Innovation, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Anthony J Coyle
- From the Centers for Therapeutic Innovation, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Weining Lu
- the Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, and
| | - Stephen P Berasi
- From the Centers for Therapeutic Innovation, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139,
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53
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How myosin organization of the actin cytoskeleton contributes to the cancer phenotype. Biochem Soc Trans 2017; 44:1026-34. [PMID: 27528748 DOI: 10.1042/bst20160034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The human genome contains 39 genes that encode myosin heavy chains, classified on the basis of their sequence similarity into 12 classes. Most cells express at least 12 different genes, from at least 8 different classes, which are typically composed of several class 1 genes, at least one class 2 gene and classes 5, 6, 9, 10, 18 and 19. Although the different myosin isoforms all have specific and non-overlapping roles in the cell, in combination they all contribute to the organization of the actin cytoskeleton, and the shape and phenotype of the cell. Over (or under) expression of these different myosin isoforms can have strong effects on actin organization, cell shape and contribute to the cancer phenotype as discussed in this review.
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Amodeo V, A D, Betts J, Bartesaghi S, Zhang Y, Richard-Londt A, Ellis M, Roshani R, Vouri M, Galavotti S, Oberndorfer S, Leite AP, Mackay A, Lampada A, Stratford EW, Li N, Dinsdale D, Grimwade D, Jones C, Nicotera P, Michod D, Brandner S, Salomoni P. A PML/Slit Axis Controls Physiological Cell Migration and Cancer Invasion in the CNS. Cell Rep 2017; 20:411-426. [PMID: 28700942 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell migration through the brain parenchyma underpins neurogenesis and glioblastoma (GBM) development. Since GBM cells and neuroblasts use the same migratory routes, mechanisms underlying migration during neurogenesis and brain cancer pathogenesis may be similar. Here, we identify a common pathway controlling cell migration in normal and neoplastic cells in the CNS. The nuclear scaffold protein promyelocytic leukemia (PML), a regulator of forebrain development, promotes neural progenitor/stem cell (NPC) and neuroblast migration in the adult mouse brain. The PML pro-migratory role is active also in transformed mouse NPCs and in human primary GBM cells. In both normal and neoplastic settings, PML controls cell migration via Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2)-mediated repression of Slits, key regulators of axon guidance. Finally, a PML/SLIT1 axis regulates sensitivity to the PML-targeting drug arsenic trioxide in primary GBM cells. Taken together, these findings uncover a drug-targetable molecular axis controlling cell migration in both normal and neoplastic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Amodeo
- UCL Cancer Institute, London, WC1E 6DD, UK; Samantha Dickson Brain Cancer Unit, UCL Cancer Institute, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Deli A
- UCL Cancer Institute, London, WC1E 6DD, UK; Samantha Dickson Brain Cancer Unit, UCL Cancer Institute, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Joanne Betts
- UCL Cancer Institute, London, WC1E 6DD, UK; Samantha Dickson Brain Cancer Unit, UCL Cancer Institute, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Stefano Bartesaghi
- UCL Cancer Institute, London, WC1E 6DD, UK; Samantha Dickson Brain Cancer Unit, UCL Cancer Institute, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Ying Zhang
- UCL Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | | | | | - Rozita Roshani
- UCL Cancer Institute, London, WC1E 6DD, UK; Samantha Dickson Brain Cancer Unit, UCL Cancer Institute, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Mikaella Vouri
- UCL Cancer Institute, London, WC1E 6DD, UK; Samantha Dickson Brain Cancer Unit, UCL Cancer Institute, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Sara Galavotti
- UCL Cancer Institute, London, WC1E 6DD, UK; Samantha Dickson Brain Cancer Unit, UCL Cancer Institute, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Sarah Oberndorfer
- UCL Cancer Institute, London, WC1E 6DD, UK; Samantha Dickson Brain Cancer Unit, UCL Cancer Institute, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Ana Paula Leite
- UCL Cancer Institute, London, WC1E 6DD, UK; Samantha Dickson Brain Cancer Unit, UCL Cancer Institute, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Alan Mackay
- Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, London SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Aikaterini Lampada
- UCL Cancer Institute, London, WC1E 6DD, UK; Samantha Dickson Brain Cancer Unit, UCL Cancer Institute, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | | | - Ningning Li
- UCL Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | | | - David Grimwade
- Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Chris Jones
- Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, London SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Pierluigi Nicotera
- German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - David Michod
- UCL Cancer Institute, London, WC1E 6DD, UK; Samantha Dickson Brain Cancer Unit, UCL Cancer Institute, London, WC1E 6DD, UK; UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | | | - Paolo Salomoni
- UCL Cancer Institute, London, WC1E 6DD, UK; Samantha Dickson Brain Cancer Unit, UCL Cancer Institute, London, WC1E 6DD, UK.
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Integrative bioinformatics analysis identifies ROBO1 as a potential therapeutic target modified by miR-218 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:61327-61337. [PMID: 28977866 PMCID: PMC5617426 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients diagnosed with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) presented poor prognosis and short survival time. Althouth accumulating contribution of continuous research has gradually revealed complex tumorigenesis mechanism of HCC with numerous and jumbled biomarkers, those specific ones for HCC diagnose and therapeutic treatment are required illustration. Multiple genes over-expressed in HCC specimens with at least 1.5 fold change were cohorted, compared with the non-cancerous tissues through integrative bioinformatics analysis from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets GSE14520 and GSE6764, including 445 and 45 cases of samples spearatly, along with intensive exploration on the Cancer Genome Altas (TCGA) dataset of liver cancer. Thirteen genes significantly highly expressed, overlapping in the datasets above. The Database for Annotation Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) program was utilized for functional pathway enrichment analysis. Protein-protein Interaction (PPI) analysis was conducted through the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) database. ROBO1 was highlighted as one of the most probable molecules among the 13 candidates participating in cancer process. Cancer Cell Line Encycolopedia (CCLE) database was utilized exploring ROBO1 expression in cell lines. Immunochemistry analysis and qRT-PCR assay were performed in our medical center, which indicates significant over-expression status in either HCC tumor specimens and 3 HCC cell lines. Furtherly, we recognized that miR-218, a tumor suppressor, might be an upstream regulator for ROBO1 directly binding to the mRNA 3’UTR and potentially modifying the expression and function of ROBO1. Herein, we conclude that ROBO1 is a mighty therapeutic targets modified by miR-218 in HCC deserving further investigation.
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Ma D, Zheng B, Suzuki T, Zhang R, Jiang C, Bai D, Yin W, Yang Z, Zhang X, Hou L, Zhan H, Wen JK. Inhibition of KLF5-Myo9b-RhoA Pathway-Mediated Podosome Formation in Macrophages Ameliorates Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm. Circ Res 2017; 120:799-815. [PMID: 28115390 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.310367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) are characterized by pathological remodeling of the aortic wall. Although both increased Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) expression and macrophage infiltration have been implicated in vascular remodeling, the role of KLF5 in macrophage infiltration and AAA formation remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To determine the role of KLF5 in AAA formation and macrophage infiltration into AAAs. METHODS AND RESULTS KLF5 expression was significantly increased in human AAA tissues and in 2 mouse models of experimental AAA. Moreover, in myeloid-specific Klf5 knockout mice (myeKlf5-/- mice), macrophage infiltration, medial smooth muscle cell loss, elastin degradation, and AAA formation were markedly decreased. In cell migration and time-lapse imaging analyses, the migration of murine myeKlf5-/- macrophages was impaired, and in luciferase reporter assays, KLF5 activated Myo9b (myosin IXB) transcription by direct binding to the Myo9b promoter. In subsequent coimmunostaining studies, Myo9b was colocalized with filamentous actin, cortactin, vinculin, and Tks5 in the podosomes of phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate-treated macrophages, indicating that Myo9b participates in podosome formation. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments showed that KLF5 promoted podosome formation in macrophages by upregulating Myo9b expression. Furthermore, RhoA-GTP levels increased after KLF5 knockdown in macrophages, suggesting that KLF5 lies upstream of RhoA signaling. Finally, Myo9b expression was increased in human AAA tissues, located in macrophages, and positively correlated with AAA size. CONCLUSIONS These data are the first to indicate that KLF5-dependent regulation of Myo9b/RhoA is required for podosome formation and macrophage migration during AAA formation, warranting consideration of the KLF5-Myo9b-RhoA pathway as a therapeutic target for AAA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Ma
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, China Administration of Education, Hebei Medical University, China (D.M., B.Z., R.Z., C.J., D.B., W.Y., Z.Y., X.Z., L.H., J.-k.W.); School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, China (D.M., D.B.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, UK (T.S.); Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin Union Medicine Centre, China (C.J.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi and Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan (H.Z.)
| | - Bin Zheng
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, China Administration of Education, Hebei Medical University, China (D.M., B.Z., R.Z., C.J., D.B., W.Y., Z.Y., X.Z., L.H., J.-k.W.); School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, China (D.M., D.B.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, UK (T.S.); Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin Union Medicine Centre, China (C.J.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi and Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan (H.Z.)
| | - Toru Suzuki
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, China Administration of Education, Hebei Medical University, China (D.M., B.Z., R.Z., C.J., D.B., W.Y., Z.Y., X.Z., L.H., J.-k.W.); School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, China (D.M., D.B.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, UK (T.S.); Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin Union Medicine Centre, China (C.J.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi and Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan (H.Z.)
| | - Ruonan Zhang
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, China Administration of Education, Hebei Medical University, China (D.M., B.Z., R.Z., C.J., D.B., W.Y., Z.Y., X.Z., L.H., J.-k.W.); School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, China (D.M., D.B.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, UK (T.S.); Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin Union Medicine Centre, China (C.J.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi and Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan (H.Z.)
| | - Chunyang Jiang
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, China Administration of Education, Hebei Medical University, China (D.M., B.Z., R.Z., C.J., D.B., W.Y., Z.Y., X.Z., L.H., J.-k.W.); School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, China (D.M., D.B.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, UK (T.S.); Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin Union Medicine Centre, China (C.J.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi and Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan (H.Z.)
| | - Disi Bai
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, China Administration of Education, Hebei Medical University, China (D.M., B.Z., R.Z., C.J., D.B., W.Y., Z.Y., X.Z., L.H., J.-k.W.); School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, China (D.M., D.B.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, UK (T.S.); Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin Union Medicine Centre, China (C.J.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi and Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan (H.Z.)
| | - Weina Yin
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, China Administration of Education, Hebei Medical University, China (D.M., B.Z., R.Z., C.J., D.B., W.Y., Z.Y., X.Z., L.H., J.-k.W.); School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, China (D.M., D.B.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, UK (T.S.); Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin Union Medicine Centre, China (C.J.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi and Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan (H.Z.)
| | - Zhan Yang
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, China Administration of Education, Hebei Medical University, China (D.M., B.Z., R.Z., C.J., D.B., W.Y., Z.Y., X.Z., L.H., J.-k.W.); School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, China (D.M., D.B.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, UK (T.S.); Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin Union Medicine Centre, China (C.J.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi and Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan (H.Z.)
| | - Xinhua Zhang
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, China Administration of Education, Hebei Medical University, China (D.M., B.Z., R.Z., C.J., D.B., W.Y., Z.Y., X.Z., L.H., J.-k.W.); School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, China (D.M., D.B.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, UK (T.S.); Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin Union Medicine Centre, China (C.J.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi and Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan (H.Z.)
| | - Lianguo Hou
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, China Administration of Education, Hebei Medical University, China (D.M., B.Z., R.Z., C.J., D.B., W.Y., Z.Y., X.Z., L.H., J.-k.W.); School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, China (D.M., D.B.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, UK (T.S.); Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin Union Medicine Centre, China (C.J.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi and Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan (H.Z.)
| | - Hong Zhan
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, China Administration of Education, Hebei Medical University, China (D.M., B.Z., R.Z., C.J., D.B., W.Y., Z.Y., X.Z., L.H., J.-k.W.); School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, China (D.M., D.B.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, UK (T.S.); Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin Union Medicine Centre, China (C.J.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi and Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan (H.Z.)
| | - Jin-Kun Wen
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, China Administration of Education, Hebei Medical University, China (D.M., B.Z., R.Z., C.J., D.B., W.Y., Z.Y., X.Z., L.H., J.-k.W.); School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, China (D.M., D.B.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, UK (T.S.); Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin Union Medicine Centre, China (C.J.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi and Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan (H.Z.).
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57
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Abstract
Slits are secreted proteins that bind to Roundabout (Robo) receptors. Slit-Robo signaling is best known for mediating axon repulsion in the developing nervous system. However, in recent years the functional repertoire of Slits and Robo has expanded tremendously and Slit-Robo signaling has been linked to roles in neurogenesis, angiogenesis and cancer progression among other processes. Likewise, our mechanistic understanding of Slit-Robo signaling has progressed enormously. Here, we summarize new insights into Slit-Robo evolutionary and system-dependent diversity, receptor-ligand interactions, signaling crosstalk and receptor activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Blockus
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 Rue Moreau, Paris 75012, France Ecole des Neurosciences de Paris, Paris F-75005, France
| | - Alain Chédotal
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 Rue Moreau, Paris 75012, France
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58
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Xiao Q, Hu X, Wei Z, Tam KY. Cytoskeleton Molecular Motors: Structures and Their Functions in Neuron. Int J Biol Sci 2016; 12:1083-92. [PMID: 27570482 PMCID: PMC4997052 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.15633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells make use of molecular motors to transport small molecules, macromolecules and cellular organelles to target region to execute biological functions, which is utmost important for polarized cells, such as neurons. In particular, cytoskeleton motors play fundamental roles in neuron polarization, extension, shape and neurotransmission. Cytoskeleton motors comprise of myosin, kinesin and cytoplasmic dynein. F-actin filaments act as myosin track, while kinesin and cytoplasmic dynein move on microtubules. Cytoskeleton motors work together to build a highly polarized and regulated system in neuronal cells via different molecular mechanisms and functional regulations. This review discusses the structures and working mechanisms of the cytoskeleton motors in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingpin Xiao
- 1. Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China; 2. Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiaohui Hu
- 1. Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Zhiyi Wei
- 2. Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Kin Yip Tam
- 1. Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
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59
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Yi F, Kong R, Ren J, Zhu L, Lou J, Wu JY, Feng W. Noncanonical Myo9b-RhoGAP Accelerates RhoA GTP Hydrolysis by a Dual-Arginine-Finger Mechanism. J Mol Biol 2016; 428:3043-57. [PMID: 27363609 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2016.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The GTP hydrolysis activities of Rho GTPases are stimulated by GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs), which contain a RhoGAP domain equipped with a characteristic arginine finger and an auxiliary asparagine for catalysis. However, the auxiliary asparagine is missing in the RhoGAP domain of Myo9b (Myo9b-RhoGAP), a unique motorized RhoGAP that specifically targets RhoA for controlling cell motility. Here, we determined the structure of Myo9b-RhoGAP in complex with GDP-bound RhoA and magnesium fluoride. Unexpectedly, Myo9b-RhoGAP contains two arginine fingers at its catalytic site. The first arginine finger resembles the one within the canonical RhoGAP domains and inserts into the nucleotide-binding pocket of RhoA, whereas the second arginine finger anchors the Switch I loop of RhoA and interacts with the nucleotide, stabilizing the transition state of GTP hydrolysis and compensating for the lack of the asparagine. Mutating either of the two arginine fingers impaired the catalytic activity of Myo9b-RhoGAP and affected the Myo9b-mediated cell migration. Our data indicate that Myo9b-RhoGAP accelerates RhoA GTP hydrolysis by a previously unknown dual-arginine-finger mechanism, which may be shared by other noncanonical RhoGAP domains lacking the auxiliary asparagine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengshuang Yi
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ruirui Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jinqi Ren
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Li Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jizhong Lou
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jane Y Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Beijing 100101, China; Department of Neurology, Center for Genetic Medicine, Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Superior, Chicago, IL 60611 USA.
| | - Wei Feng
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Beijing 100101, China.
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60
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Bao H, Li F, Wang C, Wang N, Jiang Y, Tang Y, Wu J, Shi Y. Structural Basis for the Specific Recognition of RhoA by the Dual GTPase-activating Protein ARAP3. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:16709-19. [PMID: 27311713 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.736140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
ARAP3 (Arf-GAP with Rho-GAP domain, ANK repeat, and PH domain-containing protein 3) is unique for its dual specificity GAPs (GTPase-activating protein) activity for Arf6 (ADP-ribosylation factor 6) and RhoA (Ras homolog gene family member A) regulated by phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate and a small GTPase Rap1-GTP and is involved in regulation of cell shape and adhesion. However, the molecular interface between the ARAP3-RhoGAP domain and RhoA is unknown, as is the substrates specificity of the RhoGAP domain. In this study, we solved the crystal structure of RhoA in complex with the RhoGAP domain of ARAP3. The structure of the complex presented a clear interface between the RhoGAP domain and RhoA. By analyzing the crystal structure and in combination with in vitro GTPase activity assays and isothermal titration calorimetry experiments, we identified the crucial residues affecting RhoGAP activity and substrates specificity among RhoA, Rac1 (Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1), and Cdc42 (cell division control protein 42 homolog).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Bao
- From the Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Fudong Li
- From the Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Chongyuan Wang
- From the Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Na Wang
- From the Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Yiyang Jiang
- From the Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Yajun Tang
- From the Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Jihui Wu
- From the Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Yunyu Shi
- From the Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
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61
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Li J, Lu Q, Zhang M. Structural Basis of Cargo Recognition by Unconventional Myosins in Cellular Trafficking. Traffic 2016; 17:822-38. [PMID: 26842936 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Unconventional myosins are a superfamily of actin-based molecular motors playing diverse roles including cellular trafficking, mechanical supports, force sensing and transmission, etc. The variable neck and tail domains of unconventional myosins function to bind to specific cargoes including proteins and lipid vesicles and thus are largely responsible for the diverse cellular functions of myosins in vivo. In addition, the tail regions, together with their cognate cargoes, can regulate activities of the motor heads. This review outlines the advances made in recent years on cargo recognition and cargo binding-induced regulation of the activity of several unconventional myosins including myosin-I, V, VI and X in cellular trafficking. We approach this topic by describing a series of high-resolution structures of the neck and tail domains of these unconventional myosins either alone or in complex with their specific cargoes, and by discussing potential implications of these structural studies on cellular trafficking of these myosin motors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianchao Li
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qing Lu
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mingjie Zhang
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.,Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, School of Science and Institute for Advanced Study, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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