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Al Rawi N, Elmabrouk N, Abu Kou R, Mkadmi S, Rizvi Z, Hamdoon Z. The role of differentially expressed salivary microRNA in oral squamous cell carcinoma. A systematic review. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 125:105108. [PMID: 33756383 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to systematically review the role of differentially expressed microRNA (miRNA) in saliva as potential biomarkers in oral cancer patients. DESIGN PubMed, Scopus and EBSCO online data bases were used as well as manual searching to extract studies from January 2008 up to October 2020. RESULTS A total of 14 studies that met the eligibility criteria were included. All selected studies were of case-control type. A total of 25 differentially expressed miRNAs were identified. Thirteen of these miRNAs (Let-7a, miR 27, miR 34, miR 92, miR 124, miR 125a, miR 136, miR139 miR 145, miR 146a, miR 200a, miR 205 and miR 375) were downregulated and other twelve (miR 9, miR 21, miR 31, miR 122, miR 134, miR 184, miR 191, miR 196a, miR 196b, miR 412, miR 512 and miR 8392) were upregulated. Four miRNAs were evaluated in more than one study (miR21, miR31, miR125 and miR 200). CONCLUSION According to these results, salivary miRNA can aid in diagnosis and prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, controlled clinical trials with a large sample size are required to validate the differentially expressed miRNAs of the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natheer Al Rawi
- Dept Oral & Craniofacial Health Science, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Neibal Elmabrouk
- Dept Oral & Craniofacial Health Science, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rawan Abu Kou
- Dept Oral & Craniofacial Health Science, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sara Mkadmi
- Dept Oral & Craniofacial Health Science, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Zuha Rizvi
- Dept Oral & Craniofacial Health Science, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Zaid Hamdoon
- Dept Oral & Craniofacial Health Science, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Rishabh K, Khadilkar S, Kumar A, Kalra I, Kumar AP, Kunnumakkara AB. MicroRNAs as Modulators of Oral Tumorigenesis-A Focused Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052561. [PMID: 33806361 PMCID: PMC7961687 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cancers constitute the majority of head and neck tumors, with a relatively high incidence and poor survival rate in developing countries. While the five-year survival rates of the oral cancer patients have increased to 65%, the overall survival for advanced stages has been at 27% for the past ten years, emphasizing the necessity for further understanding the etiology of the disease, diagnosis, and formulating possible novel treatment regimens. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a family of small non-coding RNA, have emerged as master modulators of gene expression in various cellular and biological process. Aberrant expression of these dynamic molecules has been associated with many human diseases, including oral cancers. The deregulated miRNAs have been shown to control various oncogenic processes, including sustaining proliferative signaling, evading growth suppressors, resisting cell death activating invasion and metastasis, and inducing angiogenesis. Hence, the aberrant expression of miRNAs associated with oral cancers, makes them potential candidates for the investigation of functional markers, which will aid in the differential diagnosis, prognosis, and development of novel therapeutic regimens. This review presents a holistic insight into our understanding of the role of miRNAs in regulating various hallmarks of oral tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Rishabh
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India; (K.R.); (S.K.); (A.K.); (I.K.)
| | - Soham Khadilkar
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India; (K.R.); (S.K.); (A.K.); (I.K.)
| | - Aviral Kumar
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India; (K.R.); (S.K.); (A.K.); (I.K.)
| | - Ishu Kalra
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India; (K.R.); (S.K.); (A.K.); (I.K.)
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore
- National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore 119074, Singapore
- Correspondence: authors: (A.P.K.); (A.B.K.)
| | - Ajaikumar B. Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India; (K.R.); (S.K.); (A.K.); (I.K.)
- Correspondence: authors: (A.P.K.); (A.B.K.)
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Menini M, De Giovanni E, Bagnasco F, Delucchi F, Pera F, Baldi D, Pesce P. Salivary Micro-RNA and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11020101. [PMID: 33557138 PMCID: PMC7913841 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11020101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a widespread malignancy with high mortality. In particular, a delay in its diagnosis dramatically decreases the survival rate. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate and summarize clinical results in the literature, regarding the potential use of salivary microRNAs (miRNAs) as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for OSCC patients. Twelve papers were selected, including both case-control and cohort studies, and all of them detected significantly dysregulated miRNAs in OSCC patients compared to healthy controls. Based on our results, salivary miRNAs might provide a non-invasive and cost-effective method in the diagnosis of OSCC, and also to monitor more easily its evolution and therapeutic response and therefore aid in the establishment of specific therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Menini
- Division of Prosthodontics and Implant Prosthodontics, Department of Surgical Sciences (DISC), University of Genova, 16126 Genova, Italy; (E.D.G.); (F.B.); (F.D.); (D.B.); (P.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-010-3537421
| | - Emanuele De Giovanni
- Division of Prosthodontics and Implant Prosthodontics, Department of Surgical Sciences (DISC), University of Genova, 16126 Genova, Italy; (E.D.G.); (F.B.); (F.D.); (D.B.); (P.P.)
| | - Francesco Bagnasco
- Division of Prosthodontics and Implant Prosthodontics, Department of Surgical Sciences (DISC), University of Genova, 16126 Genova, Italy; (E.D.G.); (F.B.); (F.D.); (D.B.); (P.P.)
| | - Francesca Delucchi
- Division of Prosthodontics and Implant Prosthodontics, Department of Surgical Sciences (DISC), University of Genova, 16126 Genova, Italy; (E.D.G.); (F.B.); (F.D.); (D.B.); (P.P.)
| | - Francesco Pera
- Department of Surgical Sciences, CIR-Dental School, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Domenico Baldi
- Division of Prosthodontics and Implant Prosthodontics, Department of Surgical Sciences (DISC), University of Genova, 16126 Genova, Italy; (E.D.G.); (F.B.); (F.D.); (D.B.); (P.P.)
| | - Paolo Pesce
- Division of Prosthodontics and Implant Prosthodontics, Department of Surgical Sciences (DISC), University of Genova, 16126 Genova, Italy; (E.D.G.); (F.B.); (F.D.); (D.B.); (P.P.)
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Circulating microRNA Panel as a Potential Novel Biomarker for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Diagnosis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13030449. [PMID: 33504017 PMCID: PMC7865311 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Although early detection of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is considered vital, classical biomarkers have shown poor sensitivity and specificity for early detection and monitoring of OSCC. Therefore, identification of reliable and sensitive biomarkers allowing for early detection and monitoring of OSCC is of the utmost importance. In this study, we successfully identified significantly upregulated or downregulated microRNAs in OSCC patients, and reported that a combination of six microRNAs could distinguish between OSCC and the control group with a higher degree of accuracy. Furthermore, compared with serum squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) antigen, the miRNA panel reflected the presence of OSCC accurately. The present results suggest that the combined microRNA panel based on serum microRNA levels shows potential as a novel diagnostic biomarker of OSCC. Abstract A lack of reliable biomarkers for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) poses a major clinical issue. The sensitivity and specificity of classical serum tumor markers, such as the squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC-Ag), are quite poor, especially for early detection. This study aimed to identify specific serum miRNAs potentially serving as OSCC biomarkers. The expression levels of candidate miRNAs in serum samples from 40 OSCC patients and 40 healthy controls were quantitatively analyzed via microarray and reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) analyses. To enhance the accuracy of detection, we used Fisher’s linear discriminant analysis to establish a diagnostic model that incorporated a combination of selected miRNAs. Consequently, miR-19a and miR-20a were significantly upregulated in the patient group (p = 0.014 and 0.036, respectively), whereas miR-5100 was downregulated (p = 0.001). We found that a combination of six miRNAs (miR-24, miR-20a, miR-122, miR-150, miR-4419a, and miR-5100) could distinguish between OSCC and the control group with a higher degree of accuracy (Area Under the Curve, AUC: 0.844, sensitivity: 55%, and specificity: 92.5%). Furthermore, compared to serum SCC antigen, the 6-miRNA panel could accurately detect the presence of OSCC. The present specific miRNAs panel may serve as a novel candidate biomarker of oral cancer.
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Longitudinal saliva omics responses to immune perturbation: a case study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:710. [PMID: 33436912 PMCID: PMC7804305 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80605-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Saliva omics has immense potential for non-invasive diagnostics, including monitoring very young or elderly populations, or individuals in remote locations. In this study, multiple saliva omics from an individual were monitored over three periods (100 timepoints) involving: (1) hourly sampling over 24 h without intervention, (2) hourly sampling over 24 h including immune system activation using the standard 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine, (3) daily sampling for 33 days profiling the post-vaccination response. At each timepoint total saliva transcriptome and proteome, and small RNA from salivary extracellular vesicles were profiled, including mRNA, miRNA, piRNA and bacterial RNA. The two 24-h periods were used in a paired analysis to remove daily variation and reveal vaccination responses. Over 18,000 omics longitudinal series had statistically significant temporal trends compared to a healthy baseline. Various immune response and regulation pathways were activated following vaccination, including interferon and cytokine signaling, and MHC antigen presentation. Immune response timeframes were concordant with innate and adaptive immunity development, and coincided with vaccination and reported fever. Overall, mRNA results appeared more specific and sensitive (timewise) to vaccination compared to other omics. The results suggest saliva omics can be consistently assessed for non-invasive personalized monitoring and immune response diagnostics.
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Romani C, Salviato E, Paderno A, Zanotti L, Ravaggi A, Deganello A, Berretti G, Gualtieri T, Marchini S, D'Incalci M, Mattavelli D, Piazza C, Bossi P, Romualdi C, Nicolai P, Bignotti E. Genome-wide study of salivary miRNAs identifies miR-423-5p as promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:2987-2999. [PMID: 33456584 PMCID: PMC7806472 DOI: 10.7150/thno.45157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Survival rates of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remained substantially unchanged over the last decades; thus, additional prognostic tools are strongly needed. Salivary miRNAs have emerged as excellent non-invasive cancer biomarker candidates, but their association with OSCC prognosis has not been investigated yet. In this study, we analyzed global salivary miRNA expression in OSCC patients and healthy controls, with the aim to define its diagnostic and prognostic potential. Methods: Saliva was collected from patients with newly diagnosed untreated primary OSCC and healthy controls. Global profiling of salivary miRNAs was carried out through a microarray approach, while signature validation was performed by quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). A stringent statistical approach for microarray and RT-qPCR data normalization was applied. The diagnostic performance of miRNAs and their correlation with OSCC prognosis were comprehensively analyzed. Results: In total, 25 miRNAs emerged as differentially expressed between OSCC patients and healthy controls and, among them, seven were significantly associated with disease-free survival (DFS). miR-106b-5p, miR-423-5p and miR-193b-3p were expressed at high levels in saliva of OSCC patients and their combination displays the best diagnostic performance (ROC - AUC = 0.98). Moreover, high expression of miR-423-5p was an independent predictor of poor DFS, when included in multivariate survival analysis with the number of positive lymph nodes - the only significant clinical prognosticator. Finally, we observed a significant decrease in miR-423-5p expression in matched post-operative saliva samples, suggesting its potential cancer-specific origin. Conclusion: Salivary miRNAs identified in our cohort of patients show to be accurate in OSCC detection and to effectively stratify patients according to their likelihood of relapse. These results, if validated in an independent set of patients, could be particularly promising for screening/follow-up of high-risk populations and useful for preoperative prognostic assessment.
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Liu D, Xin Z, Guo S, Li S, Cheng J, Jiang H. Blood and Salivary MicroRNAs for Diagnosis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 79:1082.e1-1082.e13. [PMID: 33516682 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2020.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This meta-analysis aimed to compare and evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of blood and salivary microRNAs (miRNAs) in discriminating oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). METHODS The PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were searched (updated to February 2020) to identify all articles describing the diagnostic value of blood and salivary miRNAs for OSCC. The pooled parameters were calculated using Revman (v.5.3) and STATA (v.14.0). RESULTS Twenty articles involving 1,106 patients and 732 controls were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of salivary miRNAs were 0.70 (95% CI: 0.63-0.77) and 0.82 (95% CI: 0.72-0.90). For blood miRNAs, they were 0.79 (95% CI: 0.73-0.84) and 0.82 (95% CI: 0.77-0.86). The areas under receiver operating characteristic curve in saliva, blood, and body fluid miRNAs were 0.80 (95% CI: 0.77-0.84), 0.88 (95% CI: 0.84-0.90), and 0.87 (95% CI: 0.84-0.90), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The results of this meta-analysis indicate a moderate diagnostic accuracy of blood and salivary miRNAs presented for OSCC. These findings may provide less invasive and relatively reliable diagnostic tools for OSCC detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingshan Liu
- Student, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China; and Resident, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhili Xin
- Student, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China; and Resident, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Songsong Guo
- Resident, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Sheng Li
- Associated Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- Associated Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hongbing Jiang
- Professor, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China; and Department Head, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Ibrahimovic M, Franzmann E, Mondul AM, Weh KM, Howard C, Hu JJ, Goodwin WJ, Kresty LA. Disparities in Head and Neck Cancer: A Case for Chemoprevention with Vitamin D. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2638. [PMID: 32872541 PMCID: PMC7551909 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Blacks experience disproportionate head and neck cancer (HNC) recurrence and mortality compared to Whites. Overall, vitamin D status is inversely associated to HNC pointing to a potential protective linkage. Although hypovitaminosis D in Blacks is well documented it has not been investigated in Black HNC patients. Thus, we conducted a prospective pilot study accessing vitamin D status in newly diagnosed HNC patients stratified by race and conducted in vitro studies to investigate mechanisms associated with potential cancer inhibitory effects of vitamin D. Outcome measures included circulating levels of vitamin D, related nutrients, and risk factor characterization as well as dietary and supplemental estimates. Vitamin D-based in vitro assays utilized proteome and microRNA (miR) profiling. Nineteen patients were enrolled, mean circulating vitamin D levels were significantly reduced in Black compared to White HNC patients, 27.3 and 20.0 ng/mL, respectively. Whites also supplemented vitamin D more frequently than Blacks who had non-significantly higher vitamin D from dietary sources. Vitamin D treatment of HNC cell lines revealed five significantly altered miRs regulating genes targeting multiple pathways in cancer based on enrichment analysis (i.e., negative regulation of cell proliferation, angiogenesis, chemokine, MAPK, and WNT signaling). Vitamin D further altered proteins involved in cancer progression, metastasis and survival supporting a potential role for vitamin D in targeted cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirela Ibrahimovic
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (M.I.); (A.M.M.); (K.M.W.); (C.H.)
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Elizabeth Franzmann
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (E.F.); (J.J.H.); (W.J.G.)
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Alison M. Mondul
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (M.I.); (A.M.M.); (K.M.W.); (C.H.)
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Katherine M. Weh
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (M.I.); (A.M.M.); (K.M.W.); (C.H.)
- Department of Surgery, Thoracic Surgery Section, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Connor Howard
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (M.I.); (A.M.M.); (K.M.W.); (C.H.)
- Department of Surgery, Thoracic Surgery Section, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jennifer J. Hu
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (E.F.); (J.J.H.); (W.J.G.)
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - W. Jarrard Goodwin
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (E.F.); (J.J.H.); (W.J.G.)
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Laura A. Kresty
- The Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (M.I.); (A.M.M.); (K.M.W.); (C.H.)
- Department of Surgery, Thoracic Surgery Section, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Eckert AW, Kappler M, Große I, Wickenhauser C, Seliger B. Current Understanding of the HIF-1-Dependent Metabolism in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6083. [PMID: 32846951 PMCID: PMC7504563 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the 10th most frequent human malignancy and is thus a global burden. Despite some progress in diagnosis and therapy, patients' overall survival rate, between 40 and 55%, has stagnated over the last four decades. Since the tumor node metastasis (TNM) system is not precise enough to predict the disease outcome, additive factors for diagnosis, prognosis, prediction and therapy resistance are urgently needed for OSCC. One promising candidate is the hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), which functions as an early regulator of tumor aggressiveness and is a key promoter of energy adaptation. Other parameters comprise the composition of the tumor microenvironment, which determines the availability of nutrients and oxygen. In our opinion, these general processes are linked in the pathogenesis of OSCC. Based on this assumption, the review will summarize the major features of the HIF system-induced activities, its target proteins and related pathways of nutrient utilization and metabolism that are essential for the initiation, progression and therapeutic stratification of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander W. Eckert
- Klinik für Mund-, Kiefer- und Plastische Gesichtschirurgie, Universitätsklinik der Paracelsus Medizinischen Privatuniversität, Breslauer Str. 201, 90471 Nurnberg, Germany
- Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Mund-, Kiefer- und Plastische Gesichtschirurgie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenebrg, Ernst- Grube-Straße 40, 06120 Halle, Germany;
| | - Matthias Kappler
- Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Mund-, Kiefer- und Plastische Gesichtschirurgie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenebrg, Ernst- Grube-Straße 40, 06120 Halle, Germany;
| | - Ivo Große
- Institut für Informatik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Seckendorff-Platz 1, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany;
| | - Claudia Wickenhauser
- Institut für Pathologie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 14, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany;
| | - Barbara Seliger
- Institut für Medizinische Immunologie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 14, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany
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Chen M, Luo R, Li S, Li H, Qin Y, Zhou D, Liu H, Gong X, Chang J. Paper-Based Strip for Ultrasensitive Detection of OSCC-Associated Salivary MicroRNA via CRISPR/Cas12a Coupling with IS-Primer Amplification Reaction. Anal Chem 2020; 92:13336-13342. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University and Tianjin Engineering Center of Micro-Nano Biomaterials and Detection-Treatment Technology (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ran Luo
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University and Tianjin Engineering Center of Micro-Nano Biomaterials and Detection-Treatment Technology (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shenghui Li
- Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neurorepair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Hengxuan Li
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University and Tianjin Engineering Center of Micro-Nano Biomaterials and Detection-Treatment Technology (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yi Qin
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University and Tianjin Engineering Center of Micro-Nano Biomaterials and Detection-Treatment Technology (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Dianming Zhou
- Department of Toxicology, Tianjin Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin 300011, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, Tianjin 300041, China
| | - Xiaoqun Gong
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University and Tianjin Engineering Center of Micro-Nano Biomaterials and Detection-Treatment Technology (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jin Chang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University and Tianjin Engineering Center of Micro-Nano Biomaterials and Detection-Treatment Technology (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
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Involvement of Differentially Expressed microRNAs in the PEGylated Liposome Encapsulated 188Rhenium-Mediated Suppression of Orthotopic Hypopharyngeal Tumor. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25163609. [PMID: 32784458 PMCID: PMC7463599 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypopharyngeal cancer (HPC) accounts for the lowest survival rate among all types of head and neck cancers (HNSCC). However, the therapeutic approach for HPC still needs to be investigated. In this study, a theranostic 188Re-liposome was prepared to treat orthotopic HPC tumors and analyze the deregulated microRNA expressive profiles. The therapeutic efficacy of 188Re-liposome on HPC tumors was evaluated using bioluminescent imaging followed by next generation sequencing (NGS) analysis, in order to address the deregulated microRNAs and associated signaling pathways. The differentially expressed microRNAs were also confirmed using clinical HNSCC samples and clinical information from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Repeated doses of 188Re-liposome were administrated to tumor-bearing mice, and the tumor growth was apparently suppressed after treatment. For NGS analysis, 13 and 9 microRNAs were respectively up-regulated and down-regulated when the cutoffs of fold change were set to 5. Additionally, miR-206-3p and miR-142-5p represented the highest fold of up-regulation and down-regulation by 188Re-liposome, respectively. According to Differentially Expressed MiRNAs in human Cancers (dbDEMC) analysis, most of 188Re-liposome up-regulated microRNAs were categorized as tumor suppressors, while down-regulated microRNAs were oncogenic. The KEGG pathway analysis showed that cancer-related pathways and olfactory and taste transduction accounted for the top pathways affected by 188Re-liposome. 188Re-liposome down-regulated microRNAs, including miR-143, miR-6723, miR-944, and miR-136 were associated with lower survival rates at a high expressive level. 188Re-liposome could suppress the HPC tumors in vivo, and the therapeutic efficacy was associated with the deregulation of microRNAs that could be considered as a prognostic factor.
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Deutsch FT, Khoury SJ, Sunwoo JB, Elliott MS, Tran NT. Application of salivary noncoding microRNAs for the diagnosis of oral cancers. Head Neck 2020; 42:3072-3083. [PMID: 32686879 DOI: 10.1002/hed.26348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer is on the rise globally and survival rates, despite improvements in clinical care, have not significantly improved. Early detection followed by immediate intervention is key to improving patient outcomes. The use of biomarkers has changed the diagnostic landscape for many cancers. For oral cancers, visual inspection followed by a tissue biopsy is standard practice. The discovery of microRNAs as potential biomarkers has attracted clinical interest but several challenges remain. These microRNAs can be found in bodily fluids such as blood and saliva which have been investigated as potential sources of biomarker discovery. As oral cancer is localized within the oral cavity, saliva may contain clinically relevant molecular markers for disease detection. Our review provides an outline of the current advances for the application of salivary microRNAs in oral cancer. We also provide a technical guide for the processing of salivary RNAs to ensure accurate clinical measurement and validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona T Deutsch
- School Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Samantha J Khoury
- Office of the Deputy Vice Chancellor Innovation and Enterprise, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John B Sunwoo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Michael S Elliott
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nham T Tran
- School Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia.,The Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Sydney Cancer Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
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Aali M, Mesgarzadeh AH, Najjary S, Abdolahi HM, Kojabad AB, Baradaran B. Evaluating the role of microRNAs alterations in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Gene 2020; 757:144936. [PMID: 32640301 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) accounts for nearly 90 percent of oral cavity malignancies and is one of the most widespread oral cancers in the world. The microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) have an important role in cellular processes comprising cell cycle, differentiation, and also apoptosis. MiRNAs are also implicated in the progression of cancers, including OSCC, through a variety of signaling pathways. One of the most significant signaling pathways in OSCC is the PI3K / Akt pathway that has been illustrated to be under the tight regulation of miRNAs. Deregulation or activation of the PI3K / Akt pathway due to mutations has been revealed to be implicated in the development of oral cancer. According to studies, more than 47% of HNSCC and around 38% of OSCC samples indicate at least one molecular alteration in this signaling pathway. The potential of miRNAs for their use as therapeutic tools in the diagnosis as well as treatment of numerous diseases have been confirmed. In the current review, we summarize miRNAs and their possible mechanisms as well as their functions in OSCC advancement and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Aali
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Hossein Mesgarzadeh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shiva Najjary
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Mashhadi Abdolahi
- Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Jia J, Zhang D, Zhang J, Yang L, Zhao G, Yang H, Wang J. Long non-coding RNA SNHG7 promotes neuroblastoma progression through sponging miR-323a-5p and miR-342-5p. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 128:110293. [PMID: 32534305 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) has been known to be relevant to the progression of human cancers, including neuroblastoma (NB). Small nucleolar RNA host gene 7 (SNHG7) has been identified as an oncogene in a series of human cancers. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the function and underlying mechanism of SNHG7 in NB progression. qRT-PCR was used to determine the levels of SNHG7, cyclin D1 (CCND1), miR-323a-5p and miR-342-5p. Cell migration and invasion abilities were detected by transwell assays. Glucose consumption and lactate production were assessed using the corresponding assay kits. The targeted interaction between SNHG7 and miR-323a-5p or miR-342-5p was verified by dual-luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays. Xenograft tumor assays were performed to observe the effect of SNHG7 silencing on tumor growth in vivo. We found that SNHG7 was upregulated in NB tissues and cell lines, and high SNHG7 level was relevant to poor prognosis of NB patients. SNHG7 silencing resulted in the repression of NB cell migration, invasion and glycolysis. SNHG7 directly targeted miR-323a-5p and miR-342-5p and negatively modulated their expression in NB cells. The overexpression of miR-323a-5p or miR-342-5p weakened NB cell migration, invasion and glycolysis. Moreover, miR-323a-5p or miR-342-5p mediated the suppressive effect of SNHG7 silencing on NB cell progression. CCND1 was a direct target of miR-323a-5p and miR-342-5p. Additionally, SNHG7 knockdown repressed tumor growth in vivo. In conclusion, our study suggested that SNHG7 silencing hindered NB progression at least partly though sponging miR-323a-5p and miR-342-5p, illuminating its potential value as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Jia
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Da Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jiao Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ge Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Heying Yang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jiaxiang Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Huang F, Xin C, Lei K, Bai H, Li J, Chen Q. Noncoding RNAs in oral premalignant disorders and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2020; 43:763-777. [PMID: 32495292 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-020-00521-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has the highest mortality rate among all head and neck cancers and a relatively low five-year survival rate. Generally, the development of an oral mucosal malignancy represents a multistep process beginning with normal oral mucosa epithelium and culminating in OSCC after transitioning through intermediary oral premalignant disorders (OPMDs), during which dysplasia is often observed. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are RNAs that are not translated into proteins, but still can participate in regulating neoplastic cell behavior. Recently, data have emerged on the role of ncRNAs in the progression of oral mucosal malignant diseases, but the exact mechanisms through which ncRNAs are involved remain to be elucidated. CONCLUSIONS Knowledge on ncRNAs has added an extra layer of complexity to our understanding of the malignant progression of oral mucosal diseases. The identification of ncRNAs in multiple body fluids as biomarkers may provide new diagnostic options that can be used for the diagnosis and prognosis of OPMDs and OSCC, respectively. Despite overall advances that have been made in cancer treatment, the treatment options for OPMDs and OSCC are still limited. Several studies have shown that ncRNA-based treatment regimens may hold promise as alternative methods for treating OPMDs and OSCC. The use of ncRNAs as therapeutic agents, including miR-155, miR-34 and lncRNA HOTAIR, appear promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Kexin Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Hetian Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qianming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
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Ghosh RD, Pattatheyil A, Roychoudhury S. Functional Landscape of Dysregulated MicroRNAs in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Clinical Implications. Front Oncol 2020; 10:619. [PMID: 32547936 PMCID: PMC7274490 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA) dysregulation is associated with the pathogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and its elucidation could potentially provide information on patient outcome. A growing body of translational research on miRNA biology is focusing on precision oncology, aiming to decode the miRNA regulatory network in the development and progression of cancer. Tissue-specific expression and stable presence in all body fluids are unique features of miRNAs, which could be potentially exploited in the clinical setting. Recent understanding of miRNA properties has led them to be useful, attractive, and potential tools either as biomarkers (distinct miRNA expression signature) for diagnosis and prognostic outcomes or as targets for novel therapeutic entities, enabling personalized treatment for OSCC. In this review, we discuss recent research on different aspects of alterations in miRNA profiles along with their clinical significance and strive to identify probable potential miRNA biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of OSCC. We also discuss the current understanding and scope of development of miRNA-based therapeutics against OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruma Dey Ghosh
- Tata Translational Cancer Research Center, Tata Medical Center, Kolkata, India
| | - Arun Pattatheyil
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, Tata Medical Center, Kolkata, India
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Adeoye J, Brennan PA, Thomson P. “Search less, verify more”—Reviewing salivary biomarkers in oral cancer detection. J Oral Pathol Med 2020; 49:711-719. [DOI: 10.1111/jop.13003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John Adeoye
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery Faculty of Dentistry The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
| | | | - Peter Thomson
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery Faculty of Dentistry The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
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Stasio DD, Mosca L, Lucchese A, Cave DD, Kawasaki H, Lombardi A, Porcelli M, Caraglia M. Salivary mir-27b Expression in Oral Lichen Planus Patients: A Series of Cases and a Narrative Review of Literature. Curr Top Med Chem 2020; 19:2816-2823. [PMID: 31755392 DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666191121144407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND microRNAs play a critical role in auto-immunity, cell proliferation, differentiation and cell death. miRNAs are present in all biological fluids, and their expression is essential in maintaining regular immune functions and preventing autoimmunity, whereas miRNA dysregulation may be associated with the pathogenesis of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Oral lichen planus (OLP) is an inflammatory disease mediated by cytotoxic T cells attack against epithelial cells. The present study aims to perform a specific microRNA expression profile through the analysis of saliva in this disease. METHODS The study group was formed by five patients (mean age 62.8±1.98 years; 3 females/2 males) affected by oral lichen planus and control group by five healthy subjects (mean age 59.8 years±2.3; 3 females/ 2 males); using a low-density microarray analysis, we recorded a total of 98 differentially expressed miRNAs in the saliva of patients with oral lichen planus compared to the control group. The validation was performed for miR-27b with qRT-PCR in all saliva samples of oral lichen planus group. RESULTS 89 miRNAs were up-regulated and nine down-regulated. In details, levels of miR-21, miR- 125b, miR-203 and miR15b were increased (p<0.001) in study group while levels of miR-27b were about 3.0-fold decreased compared to controls (p<0.001) of miR-27b expression in OLP saliva. QRTPCR validation confirmed the down regulation of miR-27b in all saliva samples. CONCLUSION Collecting saliva samples is a non-invasive procedure and is well accepted by all patients. microRNAs can be readily isolated and identified and can represent useful biomarkers of OLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Di Stasio
- Mutidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Via Luigi De Crecchio 6, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Laura Mosca
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Via S.M. Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Alberta Lucchese
- Mutidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Via Luigi De Crecchio 6, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Donatella Delle Cave
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Via S.M. Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Hiromichi Kawasaki
- Drug Discovery Laboratory, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Angela Lombardi
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Via S.M. Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Marina Porcelli
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Via S.M. Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Caraglia
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Via S.M. Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, Italy
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Uma Maheswari TN, Nivedhitha MS, Ramani P. Expression profile of salivary micro RNA-21 and 31 in oral potentially malignant disorders. Braz Oral Res 2020; 34:e002. [PMID: 32049107 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2020.vol34.0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) possess significant chances of malignancy conversion. In order to develop an early diagnostic tool, the present study evaluated the expression of miRNA-21 and 31 as salivary markers. The case-control study was carried out in 36 healthy participants as controls and in 36 patients who were newly diagnosed as OPMD having four different lesions including leucoplakia, oral sub mucous fibrosis (OSMF)궱, oral lichen planus, and (OSMF)궱 with leucoplakia. The samples were also classified as non-dysplastic, or with mild, moderate, and severe dysplasia according to their histopathological reports. The salivary miRNA-21 and 31 expressions were studied using real-time PCR. The statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS version 22. Salivary miRNA-21 (p-value = 0.02) and 31 (p-value = 0.01) were significantly upregulated in severe dysplasia compared with control. Among the different lesions, leucoplakia had significant upregulation of miRNA-21 and 31. miRNA-21 can be used as a diagnostic marker with specificity of 66% and sensitivity of 69%. The area under the ROC curve was 0.820 for miRNA-21 and 0.5 for miRNA-31, which proved that miRNA-21 is a better diagnostic marker than miRNA-31 for OPMD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Malli Sureshbabu Nivedhitha
- Saveetha University, Saveetha Dental College, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Prathiba Ramani
- Saveetha University, Saveetha Dental College, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Pathak GA, Zhou Z, Silzer TK, Barber RC, Phillips NR. Two-stage Bayesian GWAS of 9576 individuals identifies SNP regions that are targeted by miRNAs inversely expressed in Alzheimer's and cancer. Alzheimers Dement 2020; 16:162-177. [PMID: 31914222 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We compared genetic variants between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and two age-related cancers-breast and prostate -to identify single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are associated with inverse comorbidity of AD and cancer. METHODS Bayesian multinomial regression was used to compare sex-stratified cases (AD and cancer) against controls in a two-stage study. A ±500 KB region around each replicated hit was imputed and analyzed after merging individuals from the two stages. The microRNAs (miRNAs) that target the genes involving these SNPs were analyzed for miRNA family enrichment. RESULTS We identified 137 variants with inverse odds ratios for AD and cancer located on chromosomes 19, 4, and 5. The mapped miRNAs within the network were enriched for miR-17 and miR-515 families. DISCUSSION The identified SNPs were rs4298154 (intergenic), within TOMM40/APOE/APOC1, MARK4, CLPTM1, and near the VDAC1/FSTL4 locus. The miRNAs identified in our network have been previously reported to have inverse expression in AD and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gita A Pathak
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Zhengyang Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Talisa K Silzer
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Robert C Barber
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Nicole R Phillips
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
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Rapado-González Ó, López-López R, López-Cedrún JL, Triana-Martínez G, Muinelo-Romay L, Suárez-Cunqueiro MM. Cell-Free microRNAs as Potential Oral Cancer Biomarkers: From Diagnosis to Therapy. Cells 2019; 8:cells8121653. [PMID: 31861130 PMCID: PMC6952938 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral cavity cancer is the most frequent malignancy of the head and neck. Unfortunately, despite educational interventions for prevention and early diagnosis, oral cancer patients are often diagnosed in advanced stages associated with poor prognosis and life expectancy. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find noninvasive biomarkers to improve early detection of this tumor. Liquid biopsy has emerged as a valuable tool in medical oncology which provides new horizons for improving clinical decision making. Notably, cell-free microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of short non-coding RNAs, are emerging as novel noninvasive cancer biomarkers. Here, we provide an overview of the potential clinical application of cell-free miRNAs as diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic biomarkers in oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Óscar Rapado-González
- Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, Medicine and Dentistry School, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
- Liquid Biopsy Analysis Unit, Translational Medical Oncology (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael López-López
- Translational Medical Oncology (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - José Luis López-Cedrún
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (SERGAS), 15006 A Coruña, Spain;
| | | | - Laura Muinelo-Romay
- Liquid Biopsy Analysis Unit, Translational Medical Oncology (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (L.M.-R.); (M.M.S.-C.); Tel.: +34-981-955-073 (L.M.-R.); +34-881-812-437 (M.M.S.-C.)
| | - María Mercedes Suárez-Cunqueiro
- Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, Medicine and Dentistry School, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
- Oral Sciences, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Correspondence: (L.M.-R.); (M.M.S.-C.); Tel.: +34-981-955-073 (L.M.-R.); +34-881-812-437 (M.M.S.-C.)
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Cristaldi M, Mauceri R, Di Fede O, Giuliana G, Campisi G, Panzarella V. Salivary Biomarkers for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Diagnosis and Follow-Up: Current Status and Perspectives. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1476. [PMID: 31920689 PMCID: PMC6914830 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer is the sixth most common cancer type in the world, and 90% of it is represented by oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Despite progress in preventive and therapeutic strategies, delay in OSCC diagnosis remains one of the major causes of high morbidity and mortality; indeed the majority of OSCC has been lately identified in the advanced clinical stage (i.e., III or IV). Moreover, after primary treatment, recurrences and/or metastases are found in more than half of the patients (80% of cases within the first 2 years) and the 5-year survival rate is still lower than 50%, resulting in a serious issue for public health. Currently, histological investigation represents the “gold standard” of OSCC diagnosis; however, recent studies have evaluated the potential use of non-invasive methods, such as “liquid biopsy,” for the detection of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in body fluids of oral cancer patients. Saliva is a biofluid containing factors such as cytokines, DNA and RNA molecules, circulating and tissue-derived cells, and extracellular vesicles (EVs) that may be used as biomarkers; their analysis may give us useful information to do early diagnosis of OSCC and improve the prognosis. Therefore, the aim of this review is reporting the most recent data on saliva biomarker detection in saliva liquid biopsy from oral cancer patients, with particular attention to circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), EVs, and microRNAs (miRNAs). Our results highlight that saliva liquid biopsy has several promising clinical uses in OSCC management; it is painless, accessible, and low cost and represents a very helpful source of diagnostic and prognostic biomarker detection. Even if standardized protocols for isolation, characterization, and evaluation are needed, recent data suggest that saliva may be successfully included in future clinical diagnostic processes, with a considerable impact on early treatment strategies and a favorable outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Cristaldi
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Mauceri
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Olga Di Fede
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanna Giuliana
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Campisi
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vera Panzarella
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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73
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Powrózek T, Porgador A, Małecka-Massalska T. Detection, prediction, and prognosis: blood circulating microRNA as novel molecular markers of head and neck cancer patients. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2019; 20:31-39. [DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2020.1699062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Powrózek
- Department of Human Physiology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Angel Porgador
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
- National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
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74
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Rapado-González O, Martínez-Reglero C, Salgado-Barreira A, López-López R, Suárez-Cunqueiro MM, Muinelo-Romay L. miRNAs in liquid biopsy for oral squamous cell carcinoma diagnosis: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Oral Oncol 2019; 99:104465. [PMID: 31756680 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2019.104465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is often diagnosed at advanced stages and is associated with poor survival rates. Increasing evidence suggests that microRNAs (miRNAs) present in liquid biopsies could be potential biomarkers for non-invasive OSCC diagnosis. Here, we performed a comprehensive meta-analysis to evaluate the overall diagnostic accuracy of blood and salivary miRNAs in detecting OSCC. A literature search using PubMed EMBASE, Web of Science, LILACS, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library was undertaken up to February 2019. Study quality was assessed with the Quality Assessment for Studies of Diagnostic Accuracy-2, and sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, diagnostic odds ratio, and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a bivariate random-effect meta-analysis model. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses were performed to assess the heterogeneity. Twenty-five study units from 16 articles with 2562 subjects were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of blood and salivary miRNAs in the diagnosis of OSCC were 0.78 (95% CI: 0.76-0.80) and 0.82 (95% CI: 0.79-0.84), respectively, and the pooled positive and negative likelihood ratios were 4.31 (95% CI: 3.38-5.51) and 0.25 (95% CI: 0.20-0.32), respectively. The overall area under the curve was 0.91 (95% CI: 0.88-0.93), with a diagnostic odds ratio of 21.46 (95% CI: 13.37-34.45). These findings provide evidence regarding the potential clinical application of blood and salivary miRNAs as a novel, non-invasive, and accurate diagnostic tool for OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Rapado-González
- Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, Medicine and Dentistry School, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Liquid Biopsy Analysis Unit, Translational Medical Oncology (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - C Martínez-Reglero
- Methodology and Statistics Unit, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IISGS), 36312, Vigo, Spain.
| | - A Salgado-Barreira
- Methodology and Statistics Unit, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IISGS), 36312, Vigo, Spain.
| | - R López-López
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Translational Medical Oncology (Oncomet), Health Research Foundation Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - M M Suárez-Cunqueiro
- Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, Medicine and Dentistry School, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Oral Sciences Research Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain.
| | - L Muinelo-Romay
- Liquid Biopsy Analysis Unit, Translational Medical Oncology (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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75
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Khan T, Relitti N, Brindisi M, Magnano S, Zisterer D, Gemma S, Butini S, Campiani G. Autophagy modulators for the treatment of oral and esophageal squamous cell carcinomas. Med Res Rev 2019; 40:1002-1060. [PMID: 31742748 DOI: 10.1002/med.21646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) and esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCC) exhibit a survival rate of less than 60% and 40%, respectively. Late-stage diagnosis and lack of effective treatment strategies make both OSCC and ESCC a significant health burden. Autophagy, a lysosome-dependent catabolic process, involves the degradation of intracellular components to maintain cell homeostasis. Targeting autophagy has been highlighted as a feasible therapeutic strategy with clinical utility in cancer treatment, although its associated regulatory mechanisms remain elusive. The detection of relevant biomarkers in biological fluids has been anticipated to facilitate early diagnosis and/or prognosis for these tumors. In this context, recent studies have indicated the presence of specific proteins and small RNAs, detectable in circulating plasma and serum, as biomarkers. Interestingly, the interplay between biomarkers (eg, exosomal microRNAs) and autophagic processes could be exploited in the quest for targeted and more effective therapies for OSCC and ESCC. In this review, we give an overview of the available biomarkers and innovative targeted therapeutic strategies, including the application of autophagy modulators in OSCC and ESCC. Additionally, we provide a viewpoint on the state of the art and on future therapeutic perspectives combining the early detection of relevant biomarkers with drug discovery for the treatment of OSCC and ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuhina Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Nicola Relitti
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Margherita Brindisi
- Department of Pharmacy, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Napoli Federico IL, Napoli, Italy
| | - Stefania Magnano
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160, Pearse Street, Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Daniela Zisterer
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160, Pearse Street, Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Sandra Gemma
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Stefania Butini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Campiani
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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76
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Ishikawa S, Sugimoto M, Edamatsu K, Sugano A, Kitabatake K, Iino M. Discrimination of oral squamous cell carcinoma from oral lichen planus by salivary metabolomics. Oral Dis 2019; 26:35-42. [PMID: 31602722 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to distinguish salivary metabolites in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) from those in oral lichen planus (OLP) to identify practical biomarkers for the discrimination of OSCC from OLP. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Whole unstimulated saliva samples were collected from patients with OSCC (n = 34) and OLP (n = 26). Hydrophilic metabolites in the saliva samples were comprehensively analysed by capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry. To evaluate the discrimination ability of a combination of multiple markers, a multiple logistic regression (MLR) model was developed to differentiate OSCC from OLP. RESULTS Fourteen metabolites were found to be significantly different between the OSCC and OLP groups. Among them, indole-3-acetate and ethanolamine phosphate were used to develop the MLR model. The combination of these two metabolites showed a high area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.856, 95% confidential interval: 0.762-0.950; p < .001) for discriminating OSCC from OLP. CONCLUSIONS We identified salivary metabolites for discerning between OSCC and OLP, which is clinically important for detecting the malignant transformation of OLP by both dentists and oral surgery specialists. Our candidate salivary metabolites show potential for non-invasive screening of OSCC versus OLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeo Ishikawa
- Department of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Masahiro Sugimoto
- Health Promotion and Pre-emptive Medicine, Research and Development Center for Minimally Invasive Therapies, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaoru Edamatsu
- Department of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Ayako Sugano
- Department of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Kitabatake
- Department of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Iino
- Department of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
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77
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He L, Ping F, Fan Z, Zhang C, Deng M, Cheng B, Xia J. Salivary exosomal miR-24-3p serves as a potential detective biomarker for oral squamous cell carcinoma screening. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 121:109553. [PMID: 31704611 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES miRNAs in salivary exosomes are used as novel non-invasive biomarkers for detection strategies of human disease. Here, we aimed to investigate the diagnostic potential of salivary exosomal miRNAs as biomarkers for screening oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and to explore the underlying mechanisms of OSCC pathogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Differentially expressed miRNAs were obtained from salivary exosomes of four healthy controls and four OSCC patients using miRNA microarray analysis. The expression of miR-24-3p in the salivary exosomes was then verified by qRT-PCR. The diagnostic power was assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Cell proliferation was measured using CCK-8 cell viability assay and colony formation assay. The target gene of miR-24-3p was confirmed by dual luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS A total of 109 miRNAs were found to be more than 2-fold altered in the salivary of patients and healthy individuals by miRNA microarray. qRT-PCR analysis further confirmed a significant increase of miR-24-3p in the salivary exosomes from 45 preoperative OSCC patients compared to 10 normal controls. ROC analysis showed that miR-24-3p has excellent diagnostic accuracy for OSCC (area under the ROC curve [AUC] = 0.738; P = 0.02). Similarly, we found that miR-24-3p expressed a higher level in OSCC neoplastic tissues, suggesting that circulating miR-24-3p may originate from tumor cells. Furthermore, exogenous exosomal miR-24-3p increased proliferation of recipient malignant cells. Additionally, overexpression of miR-24-3p promoted the proliferation of OSCC cells and regulated the expression of cell cycle-related genes. Dual luciferase reporter assay indicated that miR-24-3p can interact with PER1 directly. CONCLUSIONS Salivary exosomal miR-24-3p is a potential novel diagnostic biomarker for OSCC, and miR-24-3p can maintain the proliferation of OSCC cells through targeting PER1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong He
- Department of Oral Medicine, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Fan Ping
- Department of Oral Medicine, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhaona Fan
- Department of Oral Medicine, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Oral Medicine, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Miao Deng
- Department of Oral Medicine, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Bin Cheng
- Department of Oral Medicine, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Juan Xia
- Department of Oral Medicine, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.
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78
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Ghizoni JS, Nichele R, de Oliveira MT, Pamato S, Pereira JR. The utilization of saliva as an early diagnostic tool for oral cancer: microRNA as a biomarker. Clin Transl Oncol 2019; 22:804-812. [PMID: 31562585 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-019-02210-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Recently, dentistry presents a preventive philosophy, seeking early diagnoses and minimally traumatic treatments for patients. Cancer is known for its aggressive nature, where its signals and symptoms may only appear in advanced stages of the disease, therefore, reducing the possibility of using atraumatic treatment options and patient survival. Saliva has in its composition substances which can be used as biomarkers for disease diagnoses, one of those being microRNA. microRNAs are a group of small RNA molecules with 18-24 nucleotides which have functions such as the degradation of oncogenes transcripted mRNA. The aim of this paper is to explore all theoretical possibilities that microRNA offers as an early diagnostic tool for oral cancer. Studies show that microRNA can be directly linked with cancer gene regulation. Because microRNA is more specific to tissues and diseases than mRNA, it holds the premise of being a feasible, non-invasive, and stable biomarker for early diagnosis of oral cancer. The fact that miRNA can be found in saliva makes it an extremely affordable and feasible option as a biomarker to be used. Since it is linked to regulating functions of cancer genes, it also brings hope that in the near future, it could be used as a reliable biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Ghizoni
- Department of Oral Pathology, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - R Nichele
- Dental Department, Community Health Center, Leominster, MA, USA
| | - M T de Oliveira
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - S Pamato
- Post-Graduate Program of Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brazil.
| | - J R Pereira
- Post-Graduate Program of Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brazil
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79
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Chen Z, Tao Q, Qiao B, Zhang L. Silencing of LINC01116 suppresses the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma by up-regulating microRNA-136 to inhibit FN1. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:6043-6059. [PMID: 31308744 PMCID: PMC6613355 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s197583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), one of the most common cancers worldwide with a high mortality rate, is accompanied by poor prognosis, highlighting the significance of early diagnosis and effective treatment. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been linked with the development and progression of various cancers. In this study, aberrantly expressed lncRNA LINC01116, microRNA-136 (miR-136), and fibronectin1 (FN1) were identified in OSCC using a microarray analysis. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the role of LINC01116/miR-136/FN1 regulatory axis in OSCC. Methods The gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments in vitro were performed to alter the expression of LINC01116 and miR-136 in OSCC cells to elucidate their effects on cellular processes, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), viability, invasion, and migration. In addition, the interaction among LINC01116, miR-136, and FN1 was identified. Additionally, the tumorigenicity and lymph node metastasis (LNM) affected by LINC01116 were observed through xenograft tumor in nude mice. Results LINC01116 and FN1 were abundant in both OSCC tissues and cells, while miR-136 was poorly expressed. LINC01116 could competitively bind to miR-136, which targets and negatively regulates FN1. Moreover, in response to LINC01116 silencing or miR-136 over-expression, OSCC cells exhibited diminished EMT process and inhibited cell viability, invasion, and migration in vitro, coupling with impaired tumorigenicity and LNM in vivo. Conclusion The fundamental findings in this study collectively demonstrate that LINC01116 silencing may inhibit the progression of OSCC via the miR-136-mediated FN1 inhibition, highlighting a promising therapeutic strategy for OSCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Tao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School and Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Qiao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Leitao Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
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80
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Patil S, Arakeri G, Alamir AWH, Awan KH, Baeshen H, Ferrari M, Patil S, Fonseca FP, Brennan PA. Role of salivary transcriptomics as potential biomarkers in oral cancer: A systematic review. J Oral Pathol Med 2019; 48:871-879. [DOI: 10.1111/jop.12895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shankargouda Patil
- Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry Jazan University Jazan Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, School of Dental Medicine University of Siena Siena Italy
| | - Gururaj Arakeri
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Navodaya Dental College and Hospital Raichur India
| | - Abdul Wahab H. Alamir
- Division of Oral Medicine, Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry Jazan University Jazan Saudi Arabia
| | - Kamran Habib Awan
- College of Dental Medicine Roseman University of Health Sciences South Jordan Utah USA
| | - Hosam Baeshen
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Marco Ferrari
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, School of Dental Medicine University of Siena Siena Italy
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry University of Leeds Leeds UK
| | - Shekar Patil
- Department of Medical Oncology HCG Cancer Hospital Bangalore India
| | - Felipe Paiva Fonseca
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil
| | - Peter A. Brennan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Queen Alexandra Hospital Portsmouth UK
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81
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Jin Y, Li Y, Wang X, Yang Y. Dysregulation of MiR-519d Affects Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Invasion and Metastasis by Targeting MMP3. J Cancer 2019; 10:2720-2734. [PMID: 31258780 PMCID: PMC6584932 DOI: 10.7150/jca.31825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-519d (miR-519d) has been reported to play important roles in tumor development and progression in multiple cancers, either as tumor suppressor or tumor promotor. However, the expression level, biological function and molecular mechanisms of miR-519d in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remain unclear. Therefore, the aims of this study were to investigate the functional role of miR-519d in OSCC and the possible underlying regulatory mechanism. In this study, we found that miR-519d was significantly downregulated in OSCC tissues and cell lines compared with normal oral mucosae and normal oral epithelial cells. Importantly, downregulation of miR-519d was closely correlated with the lymph node metastasis, advanced tumor stage and poor overall survival of OSCC patients. Furthermore, miR-519d significantly inhibited the migration and invasion of OSCC cells. Using bioinformatics and biological approaches, we showed that miR-519d directly targeted matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP3), which might account for the underlying mechanism involved in the miR-519d mediated suppression of OSCC progression. What is more, miR‐519d expression was inversely correlated with MMP3 expression in OSCC tissues, and high levels of MMP3 expression in OSCC tissues were also associated with the metastasis and poor prognosis of these patients. In addition, we further identified that miR-519d acted as a regulator of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in OSCC cells. Overall, the present study highlighted miR-519d as a tumor suppressor in OSCC by targeting MMP3 and supported biological and clinical links between miR-519d-MMP3 and OSCC, thus indicating the potential therapeutic value of miR-519d for alleviating OSCC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jin
- Department of General Dentistry, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, PR China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, 200000, PR China
| | - Yuexiu Li
- Department of Stomatology, Tai'an Central Hospital, Tai'an, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of General Dentistry, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, PR China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, 200000, PR China
| | - Ya Yang
- Department of General Dentistry, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, PR China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, 200000, PR China
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82
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Recent trends of saliva omics biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of oral cancer. J Oral Biosci 2019; 61:84-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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83
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Zhang HY, Liu Q, Liu JQ, Wang J, Yang HX, Xu XJ, Xie MJ, Liu XD, Yu SB, Zhang M, Lu L, Zhang J, Wang MQ. Molecular changes in peripheral blood involving osteoarthritic joint remodelling. J Oral Rehabil 2019; 46:820-827. [PMID: 31046158 PMCID: PMC6851883 DOI: 10.1111/joor.12810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Biomarkers of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) osteoarthritis (OA) remain unknown. The objective was to detect whether molecular biomarkers from peripheral blood leucocytes (PBLs) engage in TMJ OA lesions. Thirty‐four six‐week‐old Sprague Dawley rats were used. The top upregulated gene ontology categories and gene‐fold changes in PBLs were detected by a microarray analysis comparing rats that received 20‐week unilateral anterior crossbite (UAC) treatment with age‐matched controls (n = 4). Twenty weeks of UAC treatment had been reported to induce TMJ OA‐like lesions. The other twenty‐four rats were randomly placed in the UAC and control groups at 12‐ and 20‐week time points (n = 6). The mRNA expression levels of the selected biomarkers derived from the microarray analysis and their protein expression in the alveolar bone and TMJ were detected. The microarray analysis indicated that the three most highly involved genes in PBLs were Egr1, Ephx1 and Il10, which were confirmed by real‐time PCR detection. The increased protein expression levels of the three detected molecules were demonstrated in cartilage and subchondral bone (P < 0.05), and increased levels of EPHX1 were reported in discs (P < 0.05); however, increased levels were not present in the alveolar bone. Immunohistochemistry revealed the increased distribution of EGR1‐positive, EXPH1‐positive and IL10‐positive cells predominantly in the osteochondral interface, with EXPH1 also present in TMJ discs. In conclusion, the increased mRNA expression of Egr1, Ephx1 and Il10 in PBLs may serve as potential biomarkers for developed osteoarthritic lesions relating to osteochondral interface hardness changes induced by dental biomechanical stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease & Shaanxi International Joint Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease & Shaanxi International Joint Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jin-Qiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease & Shaanxi International Joint Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,School of Stomatology, The Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hong-Xu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease & Shaanxi International Joint Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao-Jie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease & Shaanxi International Joint Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Mian-Jiao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease & Shaanxi International Joint Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease & Shaanxi International Joint Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shi-Bin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease & Shaanxi International Joint Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease & Shaanxi International Joint Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease & Shaanxi International Joint Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease & Shaanxi International Joint Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mei-Qing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease & Shaanxi International Joint Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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84
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Xie C, Ji N, Tang Z, Li J, Chen Q. The role of extracellular vesicles from different origin in the microenvironment of head and neck cancers. Mol Cancer 2019; 18:83. [PMID: 30954079 PMCID: PMC6451295 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-019-0985-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The proliferation and metastasis ability of tumors are mediate by the "mutual dialogue" between cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Extracellular vesicles (EVs), mainly exosomes and microvesicles, play an important role in achieving intercellular substance transport and information transfer in the TME. Initially considered "garbage dumpsters" and later referred to as "signal boxes", EVs carry "cargo" (proteins, lipids, or nucleic acids) that can redirect the function of a recipient cell. Currently, the molecular mechanisms and clinical applications of EVs in head and neck cancers (HNCs) are still at an early stage and need to be further investigate. In this review, we provide insight into the TME of HNCs, classifying and summarizing EVs derived from different cell types and illuminating their complex signaling networks involved in mediating tumor proliferation, invasion and metastasis, vascular angiogenesis and cancer drug resistance. In addition, we highlight the application of EVs in HNCs, underlining the special pathological and physiological environment of HNCs. The application of tumor heterogeneous EVs in saliva and circulating blood diagnostics will provide a new perspective for the early screening, real-time monitoring and prognostic risk assessment of HNCs. Given the concept of precise and individual therapy, nanostructured EVs are equipped with superior characteristics of biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, loadability and modification ability, making these molecules one of the new strategies for HNCs treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changqing Xie
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Stomalogical Hospital & School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Ning Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhangui Tang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Stomalogical Hospital & School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Qianming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
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85
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Abstract
Ongoing genetic and epigenetic research involving DNA methylation, salivary biomarkers, wild-type p53 tumor suppressor gene proteins, and HPV oncogenes are being directed at identification and treatment of dysplastic and malignant squamous cell mucosal lesions. Research is being conducted to improve immunotherapy drug response rates by increasing the amount of inflammation within the tumor microenvironment. Ongoing research is focused on the application of the antidiabetic drug metformin for the prevention and management of oral squamous cell dysplastic lesions. Professional and nonprofit cancer support organizations are essential for furthering education and research within the area of head and neck cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua E Lubek
- Oral-Head and Neck Surgery/Microvascular Surgery, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Maryland, 650 West Baltimore Street, Suite 1401, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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86
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Hema Shree K, Ramani P, Sherlin H, Sukumaran G, Jeyaraj G, Don KR, Santhanam A, Ramasubramanian A, Sundar R. Saliva as a Diagnostic Tool in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma - a Systematic Review with Meta Analysis. Pathol Oncol Res 2019; 25:447-453. [PMID: 30712193 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-019-00588-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Whole saliva is mainly composed of fluid produced by major and minor salivary glands. Major salivary glands including parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands, are known to secrete fluid transported from serum as well as surrounding glandular tissues [1]. Beside the secretions from salivary glands, oral mucosa, periodontium, as well as oral microflora also contribute to the final content of whole saliva [1]. Whole saliva therefore represents a complex balance among local and systemic sources [2]. This allows for the application of saliva in the diagnosis not only for salivary gland disorders but also for oral diseases and systemic conditions [2]. The role of saliva as a diagnostic tool in detecting Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Articles published in PUBMED, EMBASE, COCHRANE, GOOGLE, manual search and back references of the articles for last 5 years extracted 77 articles. Studies which considered saliva as a diagnostic tool were included. Statistical analysis with Receivers Operating Curve to establish sensitivity and specificity of the salivary biomarkers as a diagnostic tool to detect Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma were included for meta analysis. The measure of effect with 95% confidence interval were meta analysed for 9 articles in which 308 healthy individuals compared with 340 patients with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Highly sensitive salivary biomarkers for detecting Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma were MMP-9, Chemerin, Choline + Betaine + Pipecolinic Acid + I - Carnitine(confidence interval ranges from 0.83-1.0). The narrow confidence interval of 0.95 + (0.88-1.00) was seen for MMP-9 followed by 1.00 + (0.78-1.00) for chemerin. Highly specific biomarkers for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma were MMP-9 (specificity -100%,), Chemerin(specificity-100%), over expressed mi RNA 136 with specificity of 0.88(0.69-0.97), under expressed mi RNA 27B with specificity of 1.0(0.66-1.00). Saliva can be used as a diagnostic tool with highly sensitive and specific markers namely MMP-9, Chemerin for early detection of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hema Shree
- Saveetha Dental College, 162, Masilamani Nagar, Seneerkuppam bypass Road, Poonamallee, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600077, India.
- L3, Jamals Grandeur, Kauveri Nagar Main Road, Velappanchavadi, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600077, India.
| | - Pratibha Ramani
- Saveetha Dental College, 162, Masilamani Nagar, Seneerkuppam bypass Road, Poonamallee, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600077, India
| | - Herald Sherlin
- Saveetha Dental College, 162, Masilamani Nagar, Seneerkuppam bypass Road, Poonamallee, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600077, India
| | - Gheena Sukumaran
- Saveetha Dental College, 162, Masilamani Nagar, Seneerkuppam bypass Road, Poonamallee, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600077, India
| | - Gifrrina Jeyaraj
- Saveetha Dental College, 162, Masilamani Nagar, Seneerkuppam bypass Road, Poonamallee, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600077, India
| | - K R Don
- Saveetha Dental College, 162, Masilamani Nagar, Seneerkuppam bypass Road, Poonamallee, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600077, India
| | - Archana Santhanam
- Saveetha Dental College, 162, Masilamani Nagar, Seneerkuppam bypass Road, Poonamallee, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600077, India
| | - Abilasha Ramasubramanian
- Saveetha Dental College, 162, Masilamani Nagar, Seneerkuppam bypass Road, Poonamallee, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600077, India
| | - R Sundar
- L3, Jamals Grandeur, Kauveri Nagar Main Road, Velappanchavadi, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600077, India
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87
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Liquid biopsy: miRNA as a potential biomarker in oral cancer. Cancer Epidemiol 2018; 58:137-145. [PMID: 30579238 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Oral cancer is one of the leading cancers in South-Asian countries. Despite the easy access of the oral cavity, the detection and five year survival rates of OSCC patients are dismal. Identification of non-invasive biomarkers to determine the progression and recurrence of OSCC could be of immense help to patients. Recent studies on oral cancer suggest the importance of non-invasive biomarker development. Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) are one of the important components of the cell-free nucleic acids available in different body fluids. Here, we have reviewed the current understanding of circulating miRNAs as non-invasive biomarkers in different body fluids of oral cancer patients. A number of circulating miRNAs are found to be common in the body fluids of OSCC patients, while many of these are study specific, the possible sources of this variability could be due to differences in sample processing, assay procedure, clinical stage of the disease, oral habit and environmental factors. The prognostic and therapeutic significance of these circulating miRNAs are suggested by several studies. Mir-371, mir-150, mir-21 and mir-7d were found to be potential prognostic markers, while mir-134, mir-146a, mir-338 and mir-371 were associated with metastases. The prognostic markers, mir-21 and mir-7d were also found to be significantly correlated with resistance to chemotherapy, while mir-375, mir-196 and mir-125b were significantly correlated with sensitivity to radiotherapy. Despite the promising roles of circulating miRNAs, challenges still remain in unravelling the exact regulation of these miRNAs before using them for targeted therapy.
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88
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MiR-323b-5p acts as a novel diagnostic biomarker for critical limb ischemia in type 2 diabetic patients. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15080. [PMID: 30305681 PMCID: PMC6179988 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33310-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major contributor to peripheral artery disease (PAD), especially in cases that advance to critical limb ischemia (CLI). Accumulating evidence indicates that miRNAs play an important role in the development of PAD and T2DM. Due to the limited value of current diagnostic methods for CLI in T2DM patients, we compared the miRNA expression profiles of Chinese T2DM patients with or without CLI to find out whether distinctive miRNAs could serve as potential diagnostic biomarkers. We statistically identified 7 miRNAs (hsa-miR-200b-3p, hsa-miR-2115-3p, hsa-miR-431-5p, hsa-miR-486-5p, hsa-miR-210-3p, hsa-miR-1264, hsa-miR-323b-5p) which were up-regulated in the CLI group, whereas other 4 miRNAs (hsa-miR-5579-3p, hsa-miR-665, hsa-miR-4285, hsa-miR-500a-3p) were down-regulated. Our validation test suggested a relatively high diagnostic accuracy of serum hsa-miR-323b-5p levels for the detection of CLI in T2DM patients, with a sensitivity of 62.67% and a specificity of 80.65%. The area under the curve (AUC) for miR-323b-5p + confounding risk factors was 0.94 (95% CI: 0.884-0.994, P < 0.001), which was higher than that for miR-323b-5p. Taken together, our results indicate that circulating hsa-miR-323b-5p could be a promising serum biomarker for the diagnosis of critical limb ischemia in type 2 diabetic patients.
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89
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Zhong L, Liu Y, Wang K, He Z, Gong Z, Zhao Z, Yang Y, Gao X, Li F, Wu H, Zhang S, Chen L. Biomarkers: paving stones on the road towards the personalized precision medicine for oral squamous cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:911. [PMID: 30241505 PMCID: PMC6151070 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4806-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional therapeutics have encountered a bottleneck caused by diagnosis delay and subjective and unreliable assessment. Biomarkers can overcome this bottleneck and guide us toward personalized precision medicine for oral squamous cell carcinoma. To achieve this, it is important to efficiently and accurately screen out specific biomarkers from among the huge number of molecules. Progress in omics-based high-throughput technology has laid a solid foundation for biomarker discovery. With credible and systemic biomarker models, more precise and personalized diagnosis and assessment would be achieved and patients would be more likely to be cured and have a higher quality of life. However, this is not straightforward owing to the complexity of molecules involved in tumorigenesis. In this context, there is a need to focus on tumor heterogeneity and homogeneity, which are discussed in detail. In this review, we aim to provide an understanding of biomarker discovery and application for precision medicine of oral squamous cell carcinoma, and have a strong belief that biomarker will pave the road toward future precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Yutong Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijing He
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaojian Gong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhili Zhao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaocheng Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Gao
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangjie Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanjiang Wu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, People's Republic of China.
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90
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Russo D, Merolla F, Varricchio S, Salzano G, Zarrilli G, Mascolo M, Strazzullo V, Di Crescenzo RM, Celetti A, Ilardi G. Epigenetics of oral and oropharyngeal cancers. Biomed Rep 2018; 9:275-283. [PMID: 30233779 DOI: 10.3892/br.2018.1136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral and oropharyngeal cancers represent the two most common malignancies of the head and neck region. The major risk factors for these cancers include alcohol consumption, tobacco use (via smoking or chewing) and high-risk human papillomavirus infection. The transition from normal epithelium to premalignant tissue and finally carcinoma is in part caused by a summation of genetic and epigenetic modifications. Epigenetic refers to modifications in the way the genome is expressed in cells. The most common examples of epigenetic control of gene expression are DNA methylation, histone modification and regulation by small non-coding RNAs. The aim of the current paper was to review the recent studies on the main epigenetic changes that have been suggested to serve a role in the carcinogenesis process and progression of oral and oropharyngeal cancers. Furthermore, it is discussed how the epigenetic changes may be used as potential predictive biomarkers and how recent findings in the field may impact the personalized cancer therapy approach for these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Russo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Pathology Unit, University of Naples Federico II, Ι-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Merolla
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences V. Tiberio, University of Molise, Ι-86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Silvia Varricchio
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Pathology Unit, University of Naples Federico II, Ι-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Salzano
- Department of Neuroscience and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Operative Unit of Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Ι-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Zarrilli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences V. Tiberio, University of Molise, Ι-86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Massimo Mascolo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Pathology Unit, University of Naples Federico II, Ι-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Viviana Strazzullo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Pathology Unit, University of Naples Federico II, Ι-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Di Crescenzo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Pathology Unit, University of Naples Federico II, Ι-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Celetti
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology Gaetano Salvatore, Italian National Council of Research, Ι-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gennaro Ilardi
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Pathology Unit, University of Naples Federico II, Ι-80131 Naples, Italy
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91
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A Noninvasive Test for MicroRNA Expression in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061789. [PMID: 29914173 PMCID: PMC6032413 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs have recently been proposed as non-invasive biomarkers in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC). The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of a panel of miRNAs in epithelial cells collected by oral brushing from OSCCs from regenerative areas after OSCC surgical resection and from their respective normal distant mucosa. Oral brushing specimens were collected from 24 healthy donors, 14 OSCC patients with specimens from tumour and normal distant mucosa, and from 13 patients who had OSCC resection, with samples from regenerative areas after OSCC resection and normal distant mucosa. Expression levels of eight targets (miR-21, miR-375, miR-345, miR-181b, miR-146a, miR-649, miR-518b, and miR-191) were evaluated by real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). A highly significant between-group difference was found for miR-21 (F = 6.58, p < 0.001), miR-146a (F = 6.974, p < 0.001), and miR-191 (F = 17.07, p < 0.001). The major difference was observed between samples from healthy donors and from OSCC brushing, whereas no significant differences were observed between areas infiltrated by OSCC and their respective normal distant mucosa. Furthermore, altered expression of miR-146a and miR-191 was also observed in regenerative areas after OSCC resection. CONCLUSIONS Oral brushing could be proposed as a noninvasive method to study microRNA expression in oral mucosa in OSCC patients.
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92
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Lousada-Fernandez F, Rapado-Gonzalez O, Lopez-Cedrun JL, Lopez-Lopez R, Muinelo-Romay L, Suarez-Cunqueiro MM. Liquid Biopsy in Oral Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061704. [PMID: 29890622 PMCID: PMC6032225 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer is one of the most prevalent forms of cancer worldwide. Carcinogenesis is a complex process, in which heterogeneity plays an important role in the development and progression of the disease. This review provides an overview of the current biological and clinical significance of circulating tumour cells (CTCs), circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA), and exosomes for diagnosis and prognosis of oral cancer. We highlight the importance of liquid biopsy—using blood and saliva—which represents a potential alternative to solid biopsy for diagnosis and prognosis. Moreover, liquid biomarkers allow for the real-time monitoring of tumour evolution and therapeutic responses, initiating the era of personalized medicine. However, in oral cancer, the impact of liquid biopsies in clinical settings is still limited, requiring further studies to discover the best scenario for its clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Lousada-Fernandez
- Department of Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties, Medicine and Dentistry School, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Spain.
| | - Oscar Rapado-Gonzalez
- Department of Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties, Medicine and Dentistry School, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Spain.
- Liquid Biopsy Analysis Unit, Translational Medical Oncology (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), CIBERONC, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Jose-Luis Lopez-Cedrun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (SERGAS), 15006 La Coruña, Spain.
| | - Rafael Lopez-Lopez
- Translational Medical Oncology, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), ONCOMET, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Laura Muinelo-Romay
- Liquid Biopsy Analysis Unit, Translational Medical Oncology (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), CIBERONC, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Maria Mercedes Suarez-Cunqueiro
- Department of Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties, Medicine and Dentistry School, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Spain.
- Oral Sciences, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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93
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González-Arriagada WA, Olivero P, Rodríguez B, Lozano-Burgos C, de Oliveira CE, Coletta RD. Clinicopathological significance of miR-26, miR-107, miR-125b, and miR-203 in head and neck carcinomas. Oral Dis 2018; 24:930-939. [PMID: 29667275 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES MicroRNAs play a role in the development and progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). Our aim was to study the expression of miR-26, miR-107, miR-125b, and miR-203 in primary HNSCC with and without lymph node metastasis and their clinicopathological significance. MATERIALS AND METHODS The expression of microRNAs in primary HNSCC with lymph node metastasis (n = 16) and their matched lymph node, as well as primary tumors without metastasis (n = 16), were determined by quantitative RT-PCR and analyzed with clinicopathological features and survival. RESULTS The expression levels of miR-26 (p < .05) and miR-125b (p < .01) were higher in metastatic primary HNSCC, while levels of miR-203 (p < .01) were lower. The expression of the microRNAs was associated with clinicopathological features, including miR-26 high expression and N stage (p = .04), poor differentiation (p = .005) and recurrence (p = .007), miR-125b high expression and N stage (p = .0005) and death (p = .02), and low levels of miR-203 and N stage (p = .04). The high expression of miR-26 was associated with shortened disease-free survival, and high miR-125b expression was an independent risk factor for poor disease-specific survival. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that miR-26 and miR-125b may be associated with the progression and metastasis of HNSCC and that miR-203 is associated with a more favorable prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- W A González-Arriagada
- Facultad de Odontología, Patología y Diagnóstico Oral, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - P Olivero
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - B Rodríguez
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - C Lozano-Burgos
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Carlos Van Buren, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - C E de Oliveira
- Department Pathology and Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Oral Pathology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - R D Coletta
- Oral Pathology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
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94
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95
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Yap T, Koo K, Cheng L, Vella LJ, Hill AF, Reynolds E, Nastri A, Cirillo N, Seers C, McCullough M. Predicting the Presence of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Using Commonly Dysregulated MicroRNA in Oral Swirls. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2018; 11:491-502. [PMID: 29764807 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-17-0409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Oral swirls are a noninvasive, rapidly collected source of salivary microRNA (miRNA) potentially useful in the early detection of disease states, particularly oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The aim of this study was to predict the presence of OSCC using a panel of OSCC-related dysregulated miRNA found in oral swirls, identified jointly in data from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) and fresh-frozen specimens. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was used to determine miRNA fold changes in FFPE OSCC specimens relative to histologically normal epithelium. These data were placed with NGS of fresh-frozen tissue data of The Cancer Genome Atlas database to select a panel of commonly dysregulated miRNA. This panel was then analyzed by RT-qPCR in RNA extracted from oral swirls collected from 30 patients with OSCC and 30 controls. Upregulation of miR-31 and miR-21 and downregulation of miR-99a, let-7c, miR-125b, and miR-100 were found between OSCC and controls in both FFPE and fresh-frozen samples. These miRNAs were studied in a training set of 15 OSCC versus 15 control oral swirls to develop a dysregulation score [AUC, 0.95; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.88-1.03] and classification tree. A test cohort of 15 OSCC versus 15 control oral swirls yielded a dysregulation score AUC of 0.86 (95% CI, 0.79-1.00) with the classification tree identifying 100% (15/15) of OSCC and 67% (10/15) of controls. This study debuts the use of OSCC-associated miRNA, commonly dysregulated in both FFPE and frozen specimens, in oral swirls to indicate the presence of OSCC with high accuracy. Cancer Prev Res; 11(8); 491-502. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tami Yap
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Kendrick Koo
- Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lesley Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Laura J Vella
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew F Hill
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eric Reynolds
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alf Nastri
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicola Cirillo
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christine Seers
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael McCullough
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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96
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Gai C, Camussi F, Broccoletti R, Gambino A, Cabras M, Molinaro L, Carossa S, Camussi G, Arduino PG. Salivary extracellular vesicle-associated miRNAs as potential biomarkers in oral squamous cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:439. [PMID: 29669525 PMCID: PMC5907383 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4364-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies in the past have investigated the expression of micro RNAs (miRNAs) in saliva as potential biomarkers. Since miRNAs associated with extracellular vesicles (EVs) are known to be protected from enzymatic degradation, we evaluated whether salivary EVs from patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) were enriched with specific subsets of miRNAs. METHODS OSCC patients and controls were matched with regards to age, gender and risk factors. Total RNA was extracted from salivary EVs and the differential expression of miRNAs was evaluated by qRT-PCR array and qRT-PCR. The discrimination power of up-regulated miRNAs as biomarkers in OSCC patients versus controls was evaluated by the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves. RESULTS A preliminary qRT-PCR array was performed on samples from 5 OSCC patients and 5 healthy controls whereby a subset of miRNAs were identified that were differentially expressed. On the basis of these results, a cohort of additional 16 patients and 6 controls were analyzed to further confirm the miRNAs that were up-regulated or selectively expressed in the previous pilot study. The following miRNAs: miR-302b-3p and miR-517b-3p were expressed only in EVs from OSCC patients and miR-512-3p and miR-412-3p were up-regulated in salivary EVs from OSCC patients compared to controls with the ROC curve showing a good discrimination power for OSCC diagnosis. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis suggested the possible involvement of the miRNAs identified in pathways activated in OSCC. CONCLUSIONS In this work, we suggest that salivary EVs isolated by a simple charge-based precipitation technique can be exploited as a non-invasive source of miRNAs for OSCC diagnosis. Moreover, we have identified a subset of miRNAs selectively enriched in EVs of OSCC patients that could be potential biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Gai
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, C.so Dogliotti, 14 -10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Camussi
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Via Nizza 230, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Roberto Broccoletti
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Via Nizza 230, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessio Gambino
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Via Nizza 230, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Cabras
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Via Nizza 230, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Luca Molinaro
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, C.so Dogliotti, 14 -10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Stefano Carossa
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Via Nizza 230, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanni Camussi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, C.so Dogliotti, 14 -10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Paolo G Arduino
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Via Nizza 230, 10126, Turin, Italy.
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97
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Abstract
Head and neck cancer is the sixth most common cancer worldwide. It remains one of the leading causes of death, and its early detection is crucial. Liquid biopsy has emerged as a promising tool for detecting and monitoring the disease status of patients with early and advanced cancers. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), circulating tumor cells (CTCs), and exosomal miRNAs have received enormous attention because of their apparent clinical implications. Analyses of these circulating biomarkers have paved the way for novel therapeutic approaches and precision medicine. A growing number of reports have implicated the use of circulating biomarkers for detection, treatment planning, response monitoring, and prognosis assessment. Although these new biomarkers can provide a wide range of possible clinical applications, no validated circulating biomarkers have yet been integrated into clinical practice for head and neck cancer. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of circulating biomarkers in this field, focusing on their feasibility, limitations, and key areas of clinical applications. We also highlight recent advances in salivary diagnostics and their potential application in head and neck cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nonaka
- 1 Center for Oral/Head and Neck Oncology Research, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,2 Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - D T W Wong
- 1 Center for Oral/Head and Neck Oncology Research, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,2 Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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98
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Current Insights into Oral Cancer Epigenetics. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19030670. [PMID: 29495520 PMCID: PMC5877531 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications have emerged into one of the cancer hallmarks, replacing the concept of malignant pathologies as being solely genetic-based conditions. The epigenetic landscape is responsible for normal development but also for the heterogeneity among tissues in terms of gene expression patterns. Dysregulation in these mechanisms has been associated with disease stage, and increased attention is now granted to cancer in order to take advantage of these modifications in terms of novel therapeutic strategies or diagnosis/prognosis tools. Oral cancer has also been subjected to epigenetic analysis with numerous studies revealing that the development and progression of this malignancy are partially induced by an altered epigenetic substrate together with genetic alterations and prolonged exposure to environmental risk factors. The present review summarizes the most important epigenetic modifications associated with oral cancer and also their potential to be used as new therapeutic targets.
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99
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Rapado-González Ó, Majem B, Muinelo-Romay L, Álvarez-Castro A, Santamaría A, Gil-Moreno A, López-López R, Suárez-Cunqueiro MM. Human salivary microRNAs in Cancer. J Cancer 2018; 9:638-649. [PMID: 29556321 PMCID: PMC5858485 DOI: 10.7150/jca.21180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as excellent candidates for cancer biomarkers. Several recent studies have highlighted the potential use of saliva for the identification of miRNAs as novel biomarkers, which represents a great opportunity to improve diagnosis and monitor general health and disease. This review summarises the mechanisms of miRNAs deregulation in cancer, the value of targeting them with a therapeutic intention and the evidence of the potential clinical use of miRNAs expressed in saliva for the detection of different cancer types. We also provide a comprehensive review of the different methods for normalising the levels of specific miRNAs present in saliva, as this is a critical step in their analysis, and the challenge to validate salivary miRNAs as a reality to manage cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Óscar Rapado-González
- Department of Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties, Medicine and Dentistry School, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain. Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS); Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Liquid Biopsy Analysis Unit, Translational Medical Oncology, Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), CIBERONC, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Blanca Majem
- Cell Cycle and Cancer Lab, Biomedical Research Group in Gynecology, Vall Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Muinelo-Romay
- Liquid Biopsy Analysis Unit, Translational Medical Oncology, Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), CIBERONC, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana Álvarez-Castro
- Medical Digestive Service, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS); Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Anna Santamaría
- Cell Cycle and Cancer Lab, Biomedical Research Group in Gynecology, Vall Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Gil-Moreno
- Cell Cycle and Cancer Lab, Biomedical Research Group in Gynecology, Vall Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Gynecology Oncology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael López-López
- Liquid Biopsy Analysis Unit, Translational Medical Oncology, Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), CIBERONC, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María Mercedes Suárez-Cunqueiro
- Department of Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties, Medicine and Dentistry School, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain. Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS); Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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100
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Emerging role of non-coding RNA in oral cancer. Cell Signal 2018; 42:134-143. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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